{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":17,"id":"book-17","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Ρ","translated":"Book 17 — The Battle for Patroclus"},"section":"The Patrocleia","summary":"The Greeks and Trojans fight over the body of Patroclus. Hector takes the armor of Achilles. Menelaus and Meriones carry the body away.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/17","lines":761},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/16","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/18","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b17-l1","source":"οὐδʼ ἔλαθʼ Ἀτρέος υἱὸν ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον","translation":"Nor did it escape Menelaus, son of Atreus, dear to Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀρηΐφιλον","title":"Menelaus, dear to Ares","body":"This standing epithet marks Menelaus as favored by the war god; it does not make him Ares' son."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλαθ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice of"},{"surface":"Ἀτρέος","lemma":"Ἀτρεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Atreus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀρηΐφιλον","lemma":"ἀρηίφιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαον","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b17-l2","source":"Πάτροκλος Τρώεσσι δαμεὶς ἐν δηϊοτῆτι.","translation":"that Patroclus had been overcome by the Trojans in the fighting.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαθ̓","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δαμεὶς","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δαμεὶς","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλαθ̓","gloss":"subdued"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτι","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b17-l3","source":"βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ,","translation":"And he strode out through the front ranks, helmed in gleaming bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"κεκορυθμένος","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"helmed"},{"surface":"αἴθοπι","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κεκορυθμένος","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b17-l4","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῷ βαῖνʼ ὥς τις περὶ πόρτακι μήτηρ","translation":"and paced around him as a mother over her calf,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βαῖν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"paced"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πόρτακι","lemma":"πόρταξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"calf"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b17-l5","source":"πρωτοτόκος κινυρὴ οὐ πρὶν εἰδυῖα τόκοιο·","translation":"a first-calf mother, lowing, who had never known birth before;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πρωτοτόκος","title":"A mother with her first calf","body":"The adjective makes this the mother's first birth, sharpening the simile's bewildered grief and protectiveness."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρωτοτόκος","lemma":"πρωτοτόκος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"first-calving"},{"surface":"κινυρὴ","lemma":"κινυρός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"lowing"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδυῖα","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"εἰδυῖα","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"having known"},{"surface":"τόκοιο","lemma":"τόκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδυῖα","gloss":"birth"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b17-l6","source":"ὣς περὶ Πατρόκλῳ βαῖνε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος.","translation":"so golden-haired Menelaus paced around Patroclus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βαῖνε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"βαῖνε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strode"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βαῖνε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b17-l7","source":"πρόσθε δέ οἱ δόρυ τʼ ἔσχε καὶ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην,","translation":"And before him held his spear and shield rounded on every side,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πρόσθε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his spear"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐΐσην","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"well-rounded"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b17-l8","source":"τὸν κτάμεναι μεμαὼς ὅς τις τοῦ γʼ ἀντίος ἔλθοι.","translation":"eager to kill whoever came against him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτάμεναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κτάμεναι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαὼς","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"μεμαὼς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσχε","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλθοι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντίος","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"might come"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b17-l9","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρα Πάνθου υἱὸς ἐϋμμελίης ἀμέλησε","translation":"Nor did the son of Panthous, skilled with the ash spear, neglect","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Πάνθου","lemma":"Πάνθοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Panthous"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμέλησε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐϋμμελίης","lemma":"ἐυμμελίης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"strong ash-speared"},{"surface":"ἀμέλησε","lemma":"ἀμελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"neglect"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b17-l10","source":"Πατρόκλοιο πεσόντος ἀμύμονος· ἄγχι δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"blameless Patroclus where he had fallen; he came close beside him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμέλησε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"πεσόντος","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b17-l11","source":"ἔστη, καὶ προσέειπεν ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον·","translation":"stood there, and addressed Menelaus, dear to Ares:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ἀρηΐφιλον","lemma":"ἀρηίφιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαον","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b17-l12","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς ὄρχαμε λαῶν","translation":"\"Menelaus, son of Atreus, Zeus-nurtured marshal of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διοτρεφὲς","title":"Nurtured by Zeus","body":"The royal epithet presents a leader's standing as sustained by Zeus; it praises authority rather than divine parentage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμε","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"marshal"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμε","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b17-l13","source":"χάζεο, λεῖπε δὲ νεκρόν, ἔα δʼ ἔναρα βροτόεντα·","translation":"draw back, leave the corpse, and let the blood-stained spoils be.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάζεο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"draw back"},{"surface":"λεῖπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεκρόν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖπε","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔναρα","lemma":"ἔναρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"the spoils"},{"surface":"βροτόεντα","lemma":"βροτόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔναρα","gloss":"bloodstained"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b17-l14","source":"οὐ γάρ τις πρότερος Τρώων κλειτῶν τʼ ἐπικούρων","translation":"For no one before me among the Trojans and their famed allies","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"κλειτῶν","lemma":"κλειτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπικούρων","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπικούρων","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b17-l15","source":"Πάτροκλον βάλε δουρὶ κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην·","translation":"struck Patroclus with a spear through the fierce combat;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βάλε","title":"A wound, not the killing stroke","body":"Euphorbus claims that he struck Patroclus first. The verb does not make him the final killer; Hector delivered the fatal thrust."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνην","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b17-l16","source":"τώ με ἔα κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἐνὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρέσθαι,","translation":"so let me win noble glory among the Trojans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀρέσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρέσθαι","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρέσθαι","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"win"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b17-l17","source":"μή σε βάλω, ἀπὸ δὲ μελιηδέα θυμὸν ἕλωμαι.","translation":"lest I strike you and take away your honey-sweet life.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"βάλω","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μελιηδέα","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλωμαι","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἕλωμαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"take away"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b17-l18","source":"τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη ξανθὸς Μενέλαος·","translation":"Greatly angered, golden-haired Menelaus answered him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀχθήσας","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b17-l19","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ οὐ μὲν καλὸν ὑπέρβιον εὐχετάασθαι.","translation":"\"Father Zeus, it is not good to boast beyond measure.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπέρβιον","title":"Beyond due measure","body":"The compound condemns boasting that overreaches rightful human limits, not boasting in every form."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ὑπέρβιον","lemma":"ὑπέρβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εὐχετάασθαι","gloss":"beyond measure"},{"surface":"εὐχετάασθαι","lemma":"εὐχετάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to boast"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b17-l20","source":"οὔτʼ οὖν παρδάλιος τόσσον μένος οὔτε λέοντος","translation":"Not even a leopard has such force, nor a lion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τʼ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παρδάλιος","lemma":"πάρδαλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"leopard"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"λέοντος","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"lion"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b17-l21","source":"οὔτε συὸς κάπρου ὀλοόφρονος, οὗ τε μέγιστος","translation":"nor a murderous wild boar, whose spirit most of all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"συὸς","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"κάπρου","lemma":"κάπρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies συὸς","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"ὀλοόφρονος","lemma":"ὀλοόφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies συὸς","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγιστος","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b17-l22","source":"θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι περὶ σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνει,","translation":"swells within his breast in pride of strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βλεμεαίνει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"σθένεϊ","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"βλεμεαίνει","lemma":"βλεμεαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing συὸς","gloss":"swells proudly"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b17-l23","source":"ὅσσον Πάνθου υἷες ἐϋμμελίαι φρονέουσιν.","translation":"as the sons of Panthous, skilled with the ash spear, think they have.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l23.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐϋμμελίαι","title":"Skilled with the ash spear","body":"The epithet praises the brothers through the ash wood of the spear shaft, a concrete martial image."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέουσιν","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"Πάνθου","lemma":"Πάνθοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"Panthous"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φρονέουσιν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἐϋμμελίαι","lemma":"ἐυμμελίης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"strong ash-speared"},{"surface":"φρονέουσιν","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τόσσον","gloss":"think"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b17-l24","source":"οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ βίη Ὑπερήνορος ἱπποδάμοιο","translation":"Yet the might of Hyperenor, tamer of horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόνηθ̓","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"Ὑπερήνορος","lemma":"Ὑπερήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"Hyperenor"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὑπερήνορος","gloss":"tamer of horses"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b17-l25","source":"ἧς ἥβης ἀπόνηθʼ, ὅτε μʼ ὤνατο καί μʼ ὑπέμεινε","translation":"had no joy of his youth when he scorned me and stood against me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἥβης","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἥβης","lemma":"ἥβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπόνηθ̓","gloss":"youth"},{"surface":"ἀπόνηθ","lemma":"ἀπονίναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had no joy"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὤνατο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὤνατο","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"scorned"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέμεινε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὑπέμεινε","lemma":"ὑπομένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"withstood"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b17-l26","source":"καί μʼ ἔφατʼ ἐν Δαναοῖσιν ἐλέγχιστον πολεμιστὴν","translation":"and said that among the Danaans I was the most contemptible warrior.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἐλέγχιστον","lemma":"ἐλεγχής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολεμιστὴν","gloss":"most despised"},{"surface":"πολεμιστὴν","lemma":"πολεμιστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"warrior"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b17-l27","source":"ἔμμεναι· οὐδέ ἕ φημι πόδεσσί γε οἷσι κιόντα","translation":"I do not think his own feet carried him home","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἕ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὐφρῆναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"πόδεσσί","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κιόντα","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἷσι","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πόδεσσί","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"κιόντα","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὐφρῆναι","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b17-l28","source":"εὐφρῆναι ἄλοχόν τε φίλην κεδνούς τε τοκῆας.","translation":"to gladden his dear wife and honored parents.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐφρῆναι","lemma":"εὐφραίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"gladden"},{"surface":"ἄλοχόν","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κεδνούς","lemma":"κεδνός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοκῆας","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοκῆας","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b17-l29","source":"ὥς θην καὶ σὸν ἐγὼ λύσω μένος εἴ κέ μευ ἄντα","translation":"So surely I shall break your strength as well, if you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύσω","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"θην","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λύσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"λύσω","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will break"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λύσω","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄντα","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"facing"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b17-l30","source":"στήῃς· ἀλλά σʼ ἔγωγʼ ἀναχωρήσαντα κελεύω","translation":"stand against me. But I urge you to withdraw","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήῃς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should stand"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰέναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔγωγ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κελεύω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀναχωρήσαντα","lemma":"ἀναχωρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"drawing back"},{"surface":"κελεύω","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I urge"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b17-l31","source":"ἐς πληθὺν ἰέναι, μηδʼ ἀντίος ἵστασʼ ἐμεῖο","translation":"into the throng, and not stand face to face with me","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πληθὺν","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κελεύω","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"ἵστασ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀντίος","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b17-l32","source":"πρίν τι κακὸν παθέειν· ῥεχθὲν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω.","translation":"before you suffer harm; even a fool learns once the deed is done.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l32.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥεχθὲν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω","title":"The fool learns afterward","body":"This proverbial close says that the heedless understand only after consequences have made the lesson plain."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of παθέειν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"παθέειν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"to suffer"},{"surface":"ῥεχθὲν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of ἔγνω","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔγνω","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b17-l33","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὐ πεῖθεν· ἀμειβόμενος δὲ προσηύδα·","translation":"So he spoke, but did not persuade him; Euphorbus answered:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πεῖθεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πεῖθεν","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"persuaded"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b17-l34","source":"νῦν μὲν δὴ Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς ἦ μάλα τείσεις","translation":"\"Now indeed, Zeus-nurtured Menelaus, you shall pay in full","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τείσεις","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"τείσεις","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will pay"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b17-l35","source":"γνωτὸν ἐμὸν τὸν ἔπεφνες, ἐπευχόμενος δʼ ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"for my brother whom you killed, and over whom you speak in triumph.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνωτὸν","lemma":"γνωτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τείσεις","gloss":"a kinsman"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γνωτὸν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπεφνες","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνες","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ἐπευχόμενος","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"taunting"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"you speak"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b17-l36","source":"χήρωσας δὲ γυναῖκα μυχῷ θαλάμοιο νέοιο,","translation":"You widowed his wife in the depths of their new-built bridal chamber,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χήρωσας","lemma":"χηρόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"you widowed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκα","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of χήρωσας","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"μυχῷ","lemma":"μυχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χήρωσας","gloss":"deep in"},{"surface":"θαλάμοιο","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μυχῷ","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"νέοιο","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάμοιο","gloss":"young"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b17-l37","source":"ἀρητὸν δὲ τοκεῦσι γόον καὶ πένθος ἔθηκας.","translation":"and laid grievous lament and sorrow upon his parents.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρητὸν","lemma":"ἀρητός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to γενοίμην","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δειλοῖσι","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σφιν","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"γόου","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κατάπαυμα","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"κατάπαυμα","lemma":"κατάπαυμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"respite"},{"surface":"γενοίμην","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might become"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b17-l39","source":"εἴ κεν ἐγὼ κεφαλήν τε τεὴν καὶ τεύχεʼ ἐνείκας","translation":"if I carry your head and armor home","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"your head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεὴν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλήν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐνείκας","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλω","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b17-l40","source":"Πάνθῳ ἐν χείρεσσι βάλω καὶ Φρόντιδι δίῃ.","translation":"and place them in the hands of Panthous and shining Phrontis.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάνθῳ","lemma":"Πάνθοος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Panthous"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσι","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"βάλω","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"may place"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φρόντιδι","lemma":"Φρόντις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Phrontis"},{"surface":"δίῃ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Φρόντιδι","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b17-l41","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐ μὰν ἔτι δηρὸν ἀπείρητος πόνος ἔσται","translation":"But the labor will not remain untried for long,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἀπείρητος","lemma":"ἀπείρητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"untried"},{"surface":"πόνος","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall be"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b17-l42","source":"οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἀδήριτος ἤτʼ ἀλκῆς ἤτε φόβοιο.","translation":"nor the struggle unfought, whether it ends in valor or in flight.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἀδήριτος","lemma":"ἀδήριτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unfought"},{"surface":"ἤτ","lemma":"ἤτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἤτε","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"ἤτε","lemma":"ἤτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"φόβοιο","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἤτε","gloss":"of rout"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b17-l43","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν οὔτησε κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην·","translation":"So speaking, he struck the shield, round on every side.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l43.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὔτησε","title":"The blow lands on the shield","body":"The verb marks Euphorbus' thrust, but the following line makes clear that the bronze point does not pierce Menelaus' defense."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτησε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"οὔτησε","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐΐσην","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"round"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b17-l44","source":"οὐδʼ ἔρρηξεν χαλκός, ἀνεγνάμφθη δέ οἱ αἰχμὴ","translation":"But the bronze did not break through; the point bent back","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρρηξεν","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke through"},{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρρηξεν","gloss":"the bronze point"},{"surface":"ἀνεγνάμφθη","lemma":"ἀναγνάμπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was bent back"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀνεγνάμφθη","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνεγνάμφθη","gloss":"spearpoint"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b17-l45","source":"ἀσπίδʼ ἐνὶ κρατερῇ· ὃ δὲ δεύτερος ὄρνυτο χαλκῷ","translation":"in the stout shield. Then he in turn rose with his bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίδ","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερῇ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδ̓","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεύτερος","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b17-l46","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης Μενέλαος ἐπευξάμενος Διὶ πατρί·","translation":"the son of Atreus, Menelaus, praying to father Zeus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἐπευξάμενος","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"having prayed"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπευξάμενος","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρί","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b17-l47","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἀναχαζομένοιο κατὰ στομάχοιο θέμεθλα","translation":"As Euphorbus drew back, Menelaus stabbed him at the base of the throat","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναχαζομένοιο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναχαζομένοιο","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νύξ̓","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"στομάχοιο","lemma":"στόμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θέμεθλα","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"θέμεθλα","lemma":"θέμεθλα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of νύξ̓","gloss":"the root"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b17-l48","source":"νύξʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ αὐτὸς ἔρεισε βαρείῃ χειρὶ πιθήσας·","translation":"and leaned his weight upon it, trusting in his heavy hand;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύξ","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἔρεισε","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaned his weight"},{"surface":"βαρείῃ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πιθήσας","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"πιθήσας","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρεισε","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b17-l49","source":"ἀντικρὺ δʼ ἁπαλοῖο διʼ αὐχένος ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκή,","translation":"the point passed straight through his tender neck,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l49.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀντικρὺ","title":"Straight through","body":"The adverb gives the wound's direction: the spear point passes completely through Euphorbus' neck."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθ̓","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁπαλοῖο","lemma":"ἁπαλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αὐχένος","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"αὐχένος","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"ἤλυθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"ἀκωκή","lemma":"ἀκωκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθ̓","gloss":"point"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b17-l50","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.","translation":"he fell with a thud, and his armor clattered upon him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἀράβησε","lemma":"ἀραβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clattered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀράβησε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b17-l51","source":"αἵματί οἱ δεύοντο κόμαι Χαρίτεσσιν ὁμοῖαι","translation":"His hair, lovely as the Graces, was drenched in blood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵματί","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δεύοντο","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δεύοντο","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δεύοντο","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were soaked"},{"surface":"κόμαι","lemma":"κόμη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"Χαρίτεσσιν","lemma":"Χάρις","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὁμοῖαι","gloss":"of the Graces"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖαι","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόμαι","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b17-l52","source":"πλοχμοί θʼ, οἳ χρυσῷ τε καὶ ἀργύρῳ ἐσφήκωντο.","translation":"and the braids that were bound with gold and silver.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλοχμοί","lemma":"πλοχμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"braids"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσφήκωντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"χρυσῷ","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργύρῳ","lemma":"ἄργυρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"ἐσφήκωντο","lemma":"σφηκόω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πλοχμοί","gloss":"were bound"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b17-l53","source":"οἷον δὲ τρέφει ἔρνος ἀνὴρ ἐριθηλὲς ἐλαίης","translation":"As a man tends the flourishing shoot of an olive","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τρέφει","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρέφει","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tends"},{"surface":"ἔρνος","lemma":"ἔρνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τρέφει","gloss":"shoot"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τρέφει","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐριθηλὲς","lemma":"ἐριθηλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔρνος","gloss":"luxuriant"},{"surface":"ἐλαίης","lemma":"ἐλαία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔρνος","gloss":"olive"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b17-l54","source":"χώρῳ ἐν οἰοπόλῳ, ὅθʼ ἅλις ἀναβέβροχεν ὕδωρ,","translation":"in a lonely place where water wells up in abundance,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χώρῳ","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in a place"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἰοπόλῳ","lemma":"οἰοπόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χώρῳ","gloss":"lonely"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναβέβροχεν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναβέβροχεν","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"ἀναβέβροχεν","lemma":"ἀναβέβρυχε","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χώρῳ","gloss":"has welled up"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀναβέβροχεν","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b17-l55","source":"καλὸν τηλεθάον· τὸ δέ τε πνοιαὶ δονέουσι","translation":"lovely and thriving; the breaths of winds shake it","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔρνος","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"τηλεθάον","lemma":"τηλεθάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies ἔρνος","gloss":"in full bloom"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δονέουσι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πνοιαὶ","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δονέουσι","gloss":"blasts"},{"surface":"δονέουσι","lemma":"δονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"shake"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b17-l56","source":"παντοίων ἀνέμων, καί τε βρύει ἄνθεϊ λευκῷ·","translation":"from every side, and it bursts into white blossom;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίων","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πνοιαὶ","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βρύει","lemma":"βρύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"blossoms"},{"surface":"ἄνθεϊ","lemma":"ἄνθος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βρύει","gloss":"with blossom"},{"surface":"λευκῷ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄνθεϊ","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b17-l57","source":"ἐλθὼν δʼ ἐξαπίνης ἄνεμος σὺν λαίλαπι πολλῇ","translation":"but suddenly a wind comes with a mighty gale,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξαπίνης","lemma":"ἐξαπίνης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλθὼν","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"ἄνεμος","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the wind"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"λαίλαπι","lemma":"λαῖλαψ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"storm-blast"},{"surface":"πολλῇ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λαίλαπι","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b17-l58","source":"βόθρου τʼ ἐξέστρεψε καὶ ἐξετάνυσσʼ ἐπὶ γαίῃ·","translation":"wrenches it from its trench and stretches it upon the earth;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βόθρου","lemma":"βόθρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέστρεψε","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξέστρεψε","lemma":"ἐκστρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wrenched out"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξετάνυσσ","lemma":"ἐκτανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"lay stretched out"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b17-l59","source":"τοῖον Πάνθου υἱὸν ἐϋμμελίην Εὔφορβον","translation":"such was Euphorbus, son of Panthous, skilled with the ash spear,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐσύλα","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Πάνθου","lemma":"Πάνθοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Panthous"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐϋμμελίην","lemma":"ἐυμμελίης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὔφορβον","gloss":"strong ash-speared"},{"surface":"Εὔφορβον","lemma":"Εὔφορβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Euphorbus"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b17-l60","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης Μενέλαος ἐπεὶ κτάνε τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα.","translation":"whom Menelaus, son of Atreus, killed and stripped of armor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐσύλα","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κτάνε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐσύλα","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐσύλα","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b17-l61","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε τίς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος ἀλκὶ πεποιθὼς","translation":"As when a mountain-bred lion, trusting in his strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies λέων","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἁρπάσῃ","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ὀρεσίτροφος","lemma":"ὀρεσιτρόφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέων","gloss":"mountain-bred"},{"surface":"ἀλκὶ","lemma":"ἀλκί","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πεποιθὼς","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"πεποιθὼς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἁρπάσῃ","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b17-l62","source":"βοσκομένης ἀγέλης βοῦν ἁρπάσῃ ἥ τις ἀρίστη·","translation":"seizes the finest cow from a grazing herd:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοσκομένης","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifies ἀγέλης","gloss":"grazing"},{"surface":"ἀγέλης","lemma":"ἀγέλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἁρπάσῃ","gloss":"a herd"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἁρπάσῃ","gloss":"a cow"},{"surface":"ἁρπάσῃ","lemma":"ἁρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"seizes"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b17-l63","source":"τῆς δʼ ἐξ αὐχένʼ ἔαξε λαβὼν κρατεροῖσιν ὀδοῦσι","translation":"Seizing her, he first breaks her neck with his strong teeth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies αὐχέν̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"αὐχέν","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔαξε","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"ἔαξε","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"breaks"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔαξε","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"κρατεροῖσιν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδοῦσι","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ὀδοῦσι","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"with his teeth"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b17-l64","source":"πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δέ θʼ αἷμα καὶ ἔγκατα πάντα λαφύσσει","translation":"then gulps down all her blood and entrails;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγκατα","lemma":"ἔγκατα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"entrails"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγκατα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"λαφύσσει","lemma":"λαφύσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gulps down"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b17-l65","source":"δῃῶν· ἀμφὶ δὲ τόν γε κύνες τʼ ἄνδρές τε νομῆες","translation":"devouring her; around him dogs and herdsmen","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῃῶν","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λαφύσσει","gloss":"devouring"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρές","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νομῆες","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρές","gloss":"herdsmen"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b17-l66","source":"πολλὰ μάλʼ ἰύζουσιν ἀπόπροθεν οὐδʼ ἐθέλουσιν","translation":"raise a great clamor from far off, but they will not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰύζουσιν","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἰύζουσιν","lemma":"ἰύζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"raise a clamor"},{"surface":"ἀπόπροθεν","lemma":"ἀπόπροθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰύζουσιν","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wish"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b17-l67","source":"ἀντίον ἐλθέμεναι· μάλα γὰρ χλωρὸν δέος αἱρεῖ·","translation":"come against him, for pale fear seizes them utterly;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐλθέμεναι","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεναι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλουσιν","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"χλωρὸν","lemma":"χλωρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέος","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of αἱρεῖ","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"αἱρεῖ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γὰρ","gloss":"grips"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b17-l68","source":"ὣς τῶν οὔ τινι θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐτόλμα","translation":"so none of them had a heart within his breast that dared","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτόλμα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τινι","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τινι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐτόλμα","gloss":"any of them"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτόλμα","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"his breast"},{"surface":"ἐτόλμα","lemma":"τολμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b17-l69","source":"ἀντίον ἐλθέμεναι Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο.","translation":"to come against glorious Menelaus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐλθέμεναι","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεναι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐτόλμα","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"Μενελάου","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀντίον","gloss":"against Menelaus"},{"surface":"κυδαλίμοιο","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενελάου","gloss":"glorious"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b17-l70","source":"ἔνθά κε ῥεῖα φέροι κλυτὰ τεύχεα Πανθοΐδαο","translation":"Then he would easily have carried away the splendid armor of Panthous' son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέροι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέροι","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"φέροι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would carry"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέροι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"Πανθοΐδαο","lemma":"Πανθοίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"son of Panthous"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b17-l71","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης, εἰ μή οἱ ἀγάσσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"Menelaus, son of Atreus, had Phoebus Apollo not begrudged it to him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φέροι","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγάσσατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀγάσσατο","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"begrudged"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγάσσατο","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b17-l72","source":"ὅς ῥά οἱ Ἕκτορʼ ἐπῶρσε θοῷ ἀτάλαντον Ἄρηϊ","translation":"and roused Hector against him, equal to swift Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπῶρσε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπῶρσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπῶρσε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἐπῶρσε","lemma":"ἐπόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"θοῷ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντον","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτοῤ","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντον","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b17-l73","source":"ἀνέρι εἰσάμενος Κικόνων ἡγήτορι Μέντῃ·","translation":"taking the likeness of Mentes, leader of the Cicones;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"εἰσάμενος","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπῶρσε","gloss":"in the likeness"},{"surface":"Κικόνων","lemma":"Κίκονες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγήτορι","gloss":"Cicones"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορι","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"Μέντῃ","lemma":"Μέντης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Mentes"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b17-l74","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"And speaking to him he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l74.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"This recurring speech formula imagines words taking flight from speaker to hearer. Here both pronouns refer to Hector."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b17-l75","source":"Ἕκτορ νῦν σὺ μὲν ὧδε θέεις ἀκίχητα διώκων","translation":"\"Hector, you are running this way now in pursuit of what you cannot catch,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέεις","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θέεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέεις","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"θέεις","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are running"},{"surface":"ἀκίχητα","lemma":"ἀκίχητος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"unreachable things"},{"surface":"διώκων","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θέεις","gloss":"pursuing"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b17-l76","source":"ἵππους Αἰακίδαο δαΐφρονος· οἳ δʼ ἀλεγεινοὶ","translation":"the horses of the warlike son of Aeacus; but they are hard","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l76.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Αἰακίδαο","title":"The son of Aeacus","body":"The patronymic names Achilles through his grandfather Aeacus. The horses belong to Achilles, not to Hector or Patroclus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"son of Aeacus"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινοὶ","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b17-l77","source":"ἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι δαμήμεναι ἠδʼ ὀχέεσθαι","translation":"for mortal men to master and to drive,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for men"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θνητοῖσι","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"δαμήμεναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"to be mastered"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀχέεσθαι","lemma":"ὀχέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"to drive"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b17-l78","source":"ἄλλῳ γʼ ἢ Ἀχιλῆϊ, τὸν ἀθανάτη τέκε μήτηρ.","translation":"for any but Achilles, whom an immortal mother bore.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"anyone else"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτη","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b17-l79","source":"τόφρα δέ τοι Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος Ἀτρέος υἱὸς","translation":"Meanwhile warlike Menelaus, son of Atreus, standing over Patroclus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπεφνε","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"Ἀτρέος","lemma":"Ἀτρεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Atreus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b17-l80","source":"Πατρόκλῳ περιβὰς Τρώων τὸν ἄριστον ἔπεφνε","translation":"has killed the finest of the Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιβὰς","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"περιβὰς","lemma":"περιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπεφνε","gloss":"stood over"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"object","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b17-l81","source":"Πανθοΐδην Εὔφορβον, ἔπαυσε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.","translation":"Euphorbus, son of Panthous, and stopped his furious valor.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πανθοΐδην","lemma":"Πανθοίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔφορβον","gloss":"Panthous' son"},{"surface":"Εὔφορβον","lemma":"Εὔφορβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Euphorbus"},{"surface":"ἔπαυσε","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ended"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπαυσε","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b17-l82","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἔβη θεὸς ἂμ πόνον ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"So he spoke, and the god went back again amid the toil of men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l82.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόνον ἀνδρῶν","title":"The toil of men","body":"The phrase compresses the whole burden of battle into human toil; Apollo returns into it while remaining the divine actor."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἂμ","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόνον","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b17-l83","source":"Ἕκτορα δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος πύκασε φρένας ἀμφὶ μελαίνας·","translation":"But dread grief shrouded Hector's dark heart within him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πύκασε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνὸν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πύκασε","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"πύκασε","lemma":"πυκάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μελαίνας","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b17-l84","source":"πάπτηνεν δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα κατὰ στίχας, αὐτίκα δʼ ἔγνω","translation":"then he looked along the ranks and at once recognized","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάπτηνεν","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"glanced about"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάπτηνεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγνω","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b17-l85","source":"τὸν μὲν ἀπαινύμενον κλυτὰ τεύχεα, τὸν δʼ ἐπὶ γαίῃ","translation":"the one stripping away the splendid armor, and the other on the ground","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπαινύμενον","lemma":"ἀπαίνυμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τὸν","gloss":"stripping"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπαινύμενον","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b17-l86","source":"κείμενον· ἔρρει δʼ αἷμα κατʼ οὐταμένην ὠτειλήν.","translation":"lying there; blood ran from his open wound.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l86.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐταμένην ὠτειλήν","title":"An open spear wound","body":"The participle and noun together keep the injury concrete: blood runs from Euphorbus' freshly made wound."}],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τὸν","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἔρρει","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔρρει","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"οὐταμένην","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies ὠτειλήν","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ὠτειλήν","lemma":"ὠτειλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"wound"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b17-l87","source":"βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ","translation":"And he strode out through the front ranks, helmed in gleaming bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strode"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"κεκορυθμένος","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"helmed"},{"surface":"αἴθοπι","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κεκορυθμένος","gloss":"in bronze"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b17-l88","source":"ὀξέα κεκλήγων φλογὶ εἴκελος Ἡφαίστοιο","translation":"crying sharply, like Hephaestus' flame,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξέα","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κεκλήγων","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"κεκλήγων","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"shouting aloud"},{"surface":"φλογὶ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴκελος","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"εἴκελος","lemma":"εἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φλογὶ","gloss":"of Hephaestus"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b17-l89","source":"ἀσβέστῳ· οὐδʼ υἱὸν λάθεν Ἀτρέος ὀξὺ βοήσας·","translation":"unquenchable; nor did his piercing shout escape the son of Atreus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσβέστῳ","lemma":"ἄσβεστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φλογὶ","gloss":"unquenchable"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάθεν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"λάθεν","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice of"},{"surface":"Ἀτρέος","lemma":"Ἀτρεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Atreus"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βοήσας","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"βοήσας","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάθεν","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b17-l90","source":"ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·","translation":"then in anguish he spoke to his own great-hearted spirit:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"anguished"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b17-l91","source":"ὤ μοι ἐγὼν εἰ μέν κε λίπω κάτα τεύχεα καλὰ","translation":"\"Ah me, if I leave behind the fine armor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"λίπω","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b17-l92","source":"Πάτροκλόν θʼ, ὃς κεῖται ἐμῆς ἕνεκʼ ἐνθάδε τιμῆς,","translation":"and Patroclus, who lies here for the sake of my honor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l92.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τιμῆς","title":"Menelaus' honor","body":"Menelaus sees Patroclus' presence and death as bound to his own standing in battle, which makes abandoning the body a matter of shame."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλόν","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πάτροκλόν","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τιμῆς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἕνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"τιμῆς","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκ̓","gloss":"of honor"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b17-l93","source":"μή τίς μοι Δαναῶν νεμεσήσεται ὅς κεν ἴδηται.","translation":"will not some Danaan who sees it be angry with me?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νεμεσήσεται","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεμεσήσεται","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"νεμεσήσεται","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"will resent"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἴδηται","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τίς","gloss":"sees"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b17-l94","source":"εἰ δέ κεν Ἕκτορι μοῦνος ἐὼν καὶ Τρωσὶ μάχωμαι","translation":"But if, ashamed to yield, I fight Hector and the Trojans alone,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μοῦνος","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχωμαι","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μάχωμαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b17-l95","source":"αἰδεσθείς, μή πώς με περιστήωσʼ ἕνα πολλοί·","translation":"may they not surround me, many against one?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδεσθείς","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχωμαι","gloss":"ashamed"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to περιστήωσ̓","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περιστήωσ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"περιστήωσ","lemma":"περιίστημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"surround"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"πολλοί","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of περιστήωσ̓","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b17-l96","source":"Τρῶας δʼ ἐνθάδε πάντας ἄγει κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"For Hector of the flashing helm is bringing all the Trojans here.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγει","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγει","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἄγει","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγει","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b17-l97","source":"ἀλλὰ τί ἤ μοι ταῦτα φίλος διελέξατο θυμός;","translation":"But why has my dear spirit debated this with me?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to διελέξατο","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διελέξατο","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of διελέξατο","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"διελέξατο","lemma":"διαλέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"debated"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of διελέξατο","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b17-l98","source":"ὁππότʼ ἀνὴρ ἐθέλῃ πρὸς δαίμονα φωτὶ μάχεσθαι","translation":"Whenever a man chooses, against a divine power, to fight a warrior","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l98.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὁππότʼ","title":"Whenever","body":"The temporal conjunction makes Menelaus' reflection general: whenever a mortal opposes a god-backed warrior, disaster follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐθέλῃ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότ̓","gloss":"chooses"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δαίμονα","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸς","gloss":"a divine power"},{"surface":"φωτὶ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b17-l99","source":"ὅν κε θεὸς τιμᾷ, τάχα οἱ μέγα πῆμα κυλίσθη.","translation":"whom a god honors, soon great ruin rolls upon him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τιμᾷ","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τιμᾷ","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"τιμᾷ","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φωτὶ","gloss":"honors"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κυλίσθη","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κυλίσθη","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κυλίσθη","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"κυλίσθη","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rolled"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b17-l100","source":"τώ μʼ οὔ τις Δαναῶν νεμεσήσεται ὅς κεν ἴδηται","translation":"So no Danaan who sees me will be angry with me","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεμεσήσεται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νεμεσήσεται","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"νεμεσήσεται","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will resent"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἴδηται","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τις","gloss":"sees"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b17-l101","source":"Ἕκτορι χωρήσαντʼ, ἐπεὶ ἐκ θεόφιν πολεμίζει.","translation":"for yielding to Hector, since he fights with a god's aid.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χωρήσαντ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"χωρήσαντ","lemma":"χωρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yielding"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θεόφιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"with a god"},{"surface":"πολεμίζει","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"fights"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b17-l102","source":"εἰ δέ που Αἴαντός γε βοὴν ἀγαθοῖο πυθοίμην,","translation":"But if only I could hear word of Ajax, good at the war-cry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πυθοίμην","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"Αἴαντός","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πυθοίμην","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθοῖο","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθοῖο","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντός","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"πυθοίμην","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"could learn"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b17-l103","source":"ἄμφω κʼ αὖτις ἰόντες ἐπιμνησαίμεθα χάρμης","translation":"then we two might turn back and remember battle-joy,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπιμνησαίμεθα","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰόντες","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπιμνησαίμεθα","gloss":"turning back"},{"surface":"ἐπιμνησαίμεθα","lemma":"ἐπιμιμνήσκομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember battle"},{"surface":"χάρμης","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιμνησαίμεθα","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b17-l104","source":"καὶ πρὸς δαίμονά περ, εἴ πως ἐρυσαίμεθα νεκρὸν","translation":"even against a divine power, if somehow we might save the corpse","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δαίμονά","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸς","gloss":"a divine power"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐρυσαίμεθα","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἐρυσαίμεθα","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"might save"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρυσαίμεθα","gloss":"corpse"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b17-l105","source":"Πηλεΐδῃ Ἀχιλῆϊ· κακῶν δέ κε φέρτατον εἴη.","translation":"for Achilles, son of Peleus; that would be best among these evils.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδῃ","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρυσαίμεθα","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"κακῶν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φέρτατον","gloss":"of evils"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φέρτατον","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"finest"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b17-l106","source":"εἷος ὁ ταῦθʼ ὅρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν","translation":"While he pondered these things in his mind and spirit,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὅρμαινε","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὅρμαινε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ταῦθ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὅρμαινε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ὅρμαινε","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόφρα","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b17-l107","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἐπὶ Τρώων στίχες ἤλυθον· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"the Trojan ranks came on, and Hector led them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθον","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχες","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"στίχες","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθον","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b17-l108","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἐξοπίσω ἀνεχάζετο, λεῖπε δὲ νεκρὸν","translation":"Menelaus drew backward and left the corpse,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐξοπίσω","lemma":"ἐξοπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"ἀνεχάζετο","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"λεῖπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖπε","gloss":"corpse"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b17-l109","source":"ἐντροπαλιζόμενος ὥς τε λὶς ἠϋγένειος,","translation":"turning again and again, like a bearded lion","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l109.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐντροπαλιζόμενος","title":"Turning while retreating","body":"The participle describes a fighting withdrawal: Menelaus repeatedly turns back toward the threat rather than simply fleeing."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντροπαλιζόμενος","lemma":"ἐντροπαλίζομαι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λεῖπε","gloss":"turning back repeatedly"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λὶς","lemma":"λίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"ἠϋγένειος","lemma":"εὐγένειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λὶς","gloss":"well-maned"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b17-l110","source":"ὅν ῥα κύνες τε καὶ ἄνδρες ἀπὸ σταθμοῖο δίωνται","translation":"whom dogs and men drive away from a stockyard","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δίωνται","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"σταθμοῖο","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"from the fold"},{"surface":"δίωνται","lemma":"δίω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λὶς","gloss":"drive away"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b17-l111","source":"ἔγχεσι καὶ φωνῇ· τοῦ δʼ ἐν φρεσὶν ἄλκιμον ἦτορ","translation":"with spears and shouting; his bold heart within him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεσι","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φωνῇ","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"aloud"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of παχνοῦται","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b17-l112","source":"παχνοῦται, ἀέκων δέ τʼ ἔβη ἀπὸ μεσσαύλοιο·","translation":"grows chilled, and unwillingly he goes from the inner fold;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παχνοῦται","lemma":"παχνόω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grows chilled"},{"surface":"ἀέκων","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μεσσαύλοιο","lemma":"μέσαυλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"farmyard"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b17-l113","source":"ὣς ἀπὸ Πατρόκλοιο κίε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος.","translation":"so golden-haired Menelaus went away from Patroclus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κίε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b17-l114","source":"στῆ δὲ μεταστρεφθεὶς ἐπεὶ ἵκετο ἔθνος ἑταίρων","translation":"He turned and stood when he reached the company of his comrades,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεταστρεφθεὶς","lemma":"μεταστρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"turned about"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b17-l115","source":"παπταίνων Αἴαντα μέγαν Τελαμώνιον υἱόν.","translation":"scanning for great Ajax, son of Telamon.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παπταίνων","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"searching"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιον","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b17-l116","source":"τὸν δὲ μάλʼ αἶψʼ ἐνόησε μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ πάσης","translation":"He quickly noticed him on the left of the whole battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστερὰ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὰ","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b17-l117","source":"θαρσύνονθʼ ἑτάρους καὶ ἐποτρύνοντα μάχεσθαι·","translation":"heartening his companions and urging them to fight,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαρσύνονθ","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"heartening"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θαρσύνονθ̓","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνοντα","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐποτρύνοντα","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b17-l118","source":"θεσπέσιον γάρ σφιν φόβον ἔμβαλε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"for Phoebus Apollo had cast a wondrous panic among them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l118.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεσπέσιον","title":"A panic beyond mortal measure","body":"The adjective marks the fear as divinely sent: Apollo, not Ajax or Menelaus, has thrown the Achaeans into panic."}],"words":[{"surface":"θεσπέσιον","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φόβον","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"into them"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"panic"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b17-l119","source":"βῆ δὲ θέειν, εἶθαρ δὲ παριστάμενος ἔπος ηὔδα.","translation":"He broke into a run, and at once stood beside him and spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"to run"},{"surface":"εἶθαρ","lemma":"εἶθαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παριστάμενος","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"standing beside"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b17-l120","source":"Αἶαν δεῦρο πέπον, περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος","translation":"\"Ajax, come here, dear friend, for dead Patroclus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἶαν","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἶαν","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"fallen dead"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b17-l121","source":"σπεύσομεν, αἴ κε νέκυν περ Ἀχιλλῆϊ προφέρωμεν","translation":"let us hasten, in hopes that we may carry the corpse to Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπεύσομεν","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us hasten"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προφέρωμεν","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προφέρωμεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"προφέρωμεν","lemma":"προφέρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"may carry"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b17-l122","source":"γυμνόν· ἀτὰρ τά γε τεύχεʼ ἔχει κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"naked; but Hector of the flashing helm holds his armor.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l122.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γυμνόν","title":"Stripped naked","body":"Patroclus is the naked corpse. Hector currently holds the armor, but it belongs to Achilles, who lent it to Patroclus."}],"words":[{"surface":"γυμνόν","lemma":"γυμνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέκυν","gloss":"naked"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b17-l123","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Αἴαντι δὲ δαΐφρονι θυμὸν ὄρινε·","translation":"So he spoke and stirred the warlike heart in Ajax;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Αἴαντι","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄρινε","gloss":"in Ajax"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντι","gloss":"battle-wise"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὄρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b17-l124","source":"βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων, ἅμα δὲ ξανθὸς Μενέλαος.","translation":"he strode through the front ranks, and golden-haired Menelaus went with him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b17-l125","source":"Ἕκτωρ μὲν Πάτροκλον ἐπεὶ κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἀπηύρα,","translation":"When Hector had stripped the splendid armor from Patroclus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλχ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλχ̓","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he took away"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b17-l126","source":"ἕλχʼ ἵνʼ ἀπʼ ὤμοιιν κεφαλὴν τάμοι ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"he dragged him away to cut the head from his shoulders with sharp bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l126.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κεφαλὴν τάμοι","title":"A threatened beheading","body":"Hector is dragging Patroclus' corpse with the intention of cutting off its head; the action remains prospective here."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλχ","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pulled"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμοιιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τάμοι","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τάμοι","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"would cut"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τάμοι","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b17-l127","source":"τὸν δὲ νέκυν Τρῳῇσιν ἐρυσσάμενος κυσὶ δοίη.","translation":"and haul off the corpse and give it to the dogs of Troy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies νέκυν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"Τρῳῇσιν","lemma":"Τρωιός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυσὶ","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ἐρυσσάμενος","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δοίη","gloss":"hauling"},{"surface":"κυσὶ","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"δοίη","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"might give"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b17-l128","source":"Αἴας δʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε φέρων σάκος ἠΰτε πύργον·","translation":"Ajax came near, bearing a shield like a tower,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"πύργον","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"tower"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b17-l129","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἂψ ἐς ὅμιλον ἰὼν ἀνεχάζεθʼ ἑταίρων,","translation":"and Hector withdrew again into the throng of his comrades,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνεχάζεθ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰὼν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχάζεθ̓","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἀνεχάζεθ","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b17-l130","source":"ἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀνόρουσε· δίδου δʼ ὅ γε τεύχεα καλὰ","translation":"then leapt into his chariot; he gave the fine armor","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσε","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δίδου","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b17-l131","source":"Τρωσὶ φέρειν προτὶ ἄστυ, μέγα κλέος ἔμμεναι αὐτῷ.","translation":"to the Trojans to carry toward the city, to be great glory for himself.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"φέρειν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b17-l132","source":"Αἴας δʼ ἀμφὶ Μενοιτιάδῃ σάκος εὐρὺ καλύψας","translation":"Ajax covered the son of Menoetius with his broad shield","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑστήκει","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδῃ","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑστήκει","gloss":"the son of Menoetius"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑστήκει","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"καλύψας","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"covering"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b17-l133","source":"ἑστήκει ὥς τίς τε λέων περὶ οἷσι τέκεσσιν,","translation":"and stood over him like a lion over its own cubs,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies λέων","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"οἷσι","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τέκεσσιν","gloss":"its own"},{"surface":"τέκεσσιν","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"cubs"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b17-l134","source":"ᾧ ῥά τε νήπιʼ ἄγοντι συναντήσωνται ἐν ὕλῃ","translation":"when hunters meet him in the woods as he leads his little ones;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of συναντήσωνται","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήπι","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἄγοντι","gloss":"helpless"},{"surface":"ἄγοντι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"συναντήσωνται","lemma":"συναντάω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λέων","gloss":"meet"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὕλῃ","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b17-l135","source":"ἄνδρες ἐπακτῆρες· ὃ δέ τε σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνει,","translation":"he swells in the pride of strength,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of συναντήσωνται","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπακτῆρες","lemma":"ἐπακτήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"hunters"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βλεμεαίνει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένεϊ","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βλεμεαίνει","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"βλεμεαίνει","lemma":"βλεμεαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swells proudly"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b17-l136","source":"πᾶν δέ τʼ ἐπισκύνιον κάτω ἕλκεται ὄσσε καλύπτων·","translation":"and draws his whole brow downward to cover his eyes;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπισκύνιον","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπισκύνιον","lemma":"ἐπισκύνιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλκεται","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"κάτω","lemma":"κάτω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλκεται","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"ἕλκεται","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"draws"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of καλύπτων","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"καλύπτων","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκεται","gloss":"covering"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b17-l137","source":"ὣς Αἴας περὶ Πατρόκλῳ ἥρωϊ βεβήκει.","translation":"so Ajax had planted himself over the hero Patroclus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βεβήκει","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἥρωϊ","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλῳ","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood over"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b17-l138","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀρηΐφιλος Μενέλαος","translation":"On the other side stood Menelaus, son of Atreus, dear to Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἀρηΐφιλος","lemma":"ἀρηίφιλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"dear to Ares"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑστήκει","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b17-l139","source":"ἑστήκει, μέγα πένθος ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀέξων.","translation":"nursing great sorrow within his breast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀέξων","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἀέξων","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"nursing"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b17-l140","source":"Γλαῦκος δʼ Ἱππολόχοιο πάϊς Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀνδρῶν","translation":"Then Glaucus, son of Hippolochus, leader of the Lycian men,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Γλαῦκος","lemma":"Γλαῦκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Glaucus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἱππολόχοιο","lemma":"Ἱππόλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Hippolochus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b17-l141","source":"Ἕκτορʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ·","translation":"glaring at him from under his brows, rebuked Hector with a harsh word:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l141.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν","title":"The dark look","body":"The fixed phrase marks a hostile glare from beneath the brows. Here Glaucus directs it at Hector before his rebuke."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"from under his brows"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"glaring"},{"surface":"χαλεπῷ","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθῳ","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἠνίπαπε","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"with a word"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b17-l142","source":"Ἕκτορ εἶδος ἄριστε μάχης ἄρα πολλὸν ἐδεύεο.","translation":"\"Hector, best in looks, how far short you fall in battle!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄριστε","gloss":"in looks"},{"surface":"ἄριστε","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορ","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδεύεο","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐδεύεο","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἐδεύεο","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fall short"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b17-l143","source":"ἦ σʼ αὔτως κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἔχει φύξηλιν ἐόντα.","translation":"Surely your noble fame is empty, since you are a runaway.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"merely"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"φύξηλιν","lemma":"φύξηλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"runaway"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b17-l144","source":"φράζεο νῦν ὅππως κε πόλιν καὶ ἄστυ σαώσῃς","translation":"Consider now how you may save the city and citadel","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φράζεο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"consider"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράζεο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σαώσῃς","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"citadel"},{"surface":"σαώσῃς","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of φράζεο","gloss":"may save"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b17-l145","source":"οἶος σὺν λαοῖς τοὶ Ἰλίῳ ἐγγεγάασιν·","translation":"alone with the people who were born in Ilium;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"λαοῖς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"troops"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγγεγάασιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ἰλίῳ","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐγγεγάασιν","gloss":"in Ilion"},{"surface":"ἐγγεγάασιν","lemma":"ἐγγίγνομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λαοῖς","gloss":"were born"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b17-l146","source":"οὐ γάρ τις Λυκίων γε μαχησόμενος Δαναοῖσιν","translation":"for no Lycian will go to fight the Danaans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶσι","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Lycians"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μαχησόμενος","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶσι","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαχησόμενος","gloss":"the Danaans"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b17-l147","source":"εἶσι περὶ πτόλιος, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρα τις χάρις ἦεν","translation":"around the city, since there has been no thanks at all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶσι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go forth"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πτόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies χάρις","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"χάρις","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b17-l148","source":"μάρνασθαι δηΐοισιν ἐπʼ ἀνδράσι νωλεμὲς αἰεί.","translation":"for fighting enemy men always and without cease.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάρνασθαι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies χάρις","gloss":"for fighting"},{"surface":"δηΐοισιν","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"νωλεμὲς","lemma":"νωλεμές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρνασθαι","gloss":"without cease"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρνασθαι","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b17-l149","source":"πῶς κε σὺ χείρονα φῶτα σαώσειας μεθʼ ὅμιλον","translation":"How would you save a lesser man amid the throng,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σαώσειας","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σαώσειας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χείρονα","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies φῶτα","gloss":"the worse"},{"surface":"φῶτα","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σαώσειας","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"σαώσειας","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"save"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μεθ̓","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b17-l150","source":"σχέτλιʼ, ἐπεὶ Σαρπηδόνʼ ἅμα ξεῖνον καὶ ἑταῖρον","translation":"cruel man, when you left Sarpedon, both guest-friend and companion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλι","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόν","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"guest-friend"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b17-l151","source":"κάλλιπες Ἀργείοισιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γενέσθαι,","translation":"to become spoil and prey for the Argives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l151.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα","title":"Spoil and prey","body":"The paired nouns reduce Sarpedon's abandoned body to something enemies may seize and animals may tear, intensifying Glaucus' accusation."}],"words":[{"surface":"κάλλιπες","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"left behind"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to κάλλιπες","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἕλωρ","lemma":"ἕλωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"spoil"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύρμα","lemma":"κύρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"prey"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of κάλλιπες","gloss":"to become"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b17-l152","source":"ὅς τοι πόλλʼ ὄφελος γένετο πτόλεΐ τε καὶ αὐτῷ","translation":"though while alive he brought much aid to your city and to you?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γένετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γένετο","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ὄφελος","lemma":"ὄφελος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"γένετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Σαρπηδόν̓","gloss":"brought aid"},{"surface":"πτόλεΐ","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b17-l153","source":"ζωὸς ἐών· νῦν δʼ οὔ οἱ ἀλαλκέμεναι κύνας ἔτλης.","translation":"Yet now you did not dare to keep the dogs away from him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωὸς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γένετο","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτλης","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀλαλκέμεναι","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"ἀλαλκέμεναι","lemma":"ἄλαλκε","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλης","gloss":"to keep away"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλαλκέμεναι","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἔτλης","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b17-l154","source":"τὼ νῦν εἴ τις ἐμοὶ Λυκίων ἐπιπείσεται ἀνδρῶν","translation":"So now, if any of the Lycian men will heed me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴμεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιπείσεται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιπείσεται","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"ἐπιπείσεται","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"heeds"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b17-l155","source":"οἴκαδʼ ἴμεν, Τροίῃ δὲ πεφήσεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος.","translation":"let us go home, and sheer destruction will befall Troy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴμεν","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πεφήσεται","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεφήσεται","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"future perfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will befall"},{"surface":"αἰπὺς","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρος","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρος","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πεφήσεται","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b17-l156","source":"εἰ γὰρ νῦν Τρώεσσι μένος πολυθαρσὲς ἐνείη","translation":"For if the Trojans now possessed a bold and steadfast strength,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνείη","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνείη","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐνείη","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"πολυθαρσὲς","lemma":"πολυθαρσής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"ἐνείη","lemma":"ἔνειμι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b17-l157","source":"ἄτρομον, οἷόν τʼ ἄνδρας ἐσέρχεται οἳ περὶ πάτρης","translation":"fearless, such as enters men who for their homeland","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄτρομον","lemma":"ἄτρομος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"fearless"},{"surface":"οἷόν","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐσέρχεται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐσέρχεται","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐσέρχεται","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μένος","gloss":"enters"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθεντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"one's fatherland"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b17-l158","source":"ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι πόνον καὶ δῆριν ἔθεντο,","translation":"have taken up toil and strife against hostile men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔθεντο","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δυσμενέεσσι","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῆριν","lemma":"δῆρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ἔθεντο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄνδρας","gloss":"took up"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b17-l159","source":"αἶψά κε Πάτροκλον ἐρυσαίμεθα Ἴλιον εἴσω.","translation":"we would quickly drag Patroclus within Ilium.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρυσαίμεθα","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρυσαίμεθα","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἐρυσαίμεθα","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might drag"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b17-l160","source":"εἰ δʼ οὗτος προτὶ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος","translation":"And if this dead man came to the great city of lord Priam,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔλθοι","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b17-l161","source":"ἔλθοι τεθνηὼς καί μιν ἐρυσαίμεθα χάρμης,","translation":"and we dragged him from the fighting,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"might come"},{"surface":"τεθνηὼς","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρυσαίμεθα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐρυσαίμεθα","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"might drag"},{"surface":"χάρμης","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρυσαίμεθα","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b17-l162","source":"αἶψά κεν Ἀργεῖοι Σαρπηδόνος ἔντεα καλὰ","translation":"the Argives would quickly release Sarpedon's fine armor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύσειαν","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of λύσειαν","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνος","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λύσειαν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"fair"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b17-l163","source":"λύσειαν, καί κʼ αὐτὸν ἀγοίμεθα Ἴλιον εἴσω·","translation":"and we would bring Sarpedon himself within Ilium;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύσειαν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would release"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀγοίμεθα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀγοίμεθα","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would bring"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b17-l164","source":"τοίου γὰρ θεράπων πέφατʼ ἀνέρος, ὃς μέγʼ ἄριστος","translation":"for the attendant of that man has been killed—the man who is far the best","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l164.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεράπων","title":"A battlefield companion","body":"The word describes Patroclus as Achilles' close martial attendant and companion, not a household servant."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοίου","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρος","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέφατ̓","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"πέφατ","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"been killed"},{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b17-l165","source":"Ἀργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ καὶ ἀγχέμαχοι θεράποντες.","translation":"of the Argives beside the ships—he and his close-fighting companions—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγχέμαχοι","lemma":"ἀγχέμαχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"close-fighting"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"attendants"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b17-l166","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ Αἴαντος μεγαλήτορος οὐκ ἐτάλασσας","translation":"But you did not dare stand before great-hearted Ajax","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐτάλασσας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄντα","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορος","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐτάλασσας","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b17-l167","source":"στήμεναι ἄντα κατʼ ὄσσε ἰδὼν δηΐων ἐν ἀϋτῇ,","translation":"and look him in the eyes amid the cry of enemies,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήμεναι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στήμεναι","gloss":"looking at"},{"surface":"δηΐων","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀϋτῇ","gloss":"of the foe"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀϋτῇ","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the battle-cry"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b17-l168","source":"οὐδʼ ἰθὺς μαχέσασθαι, ἐπεὶ σέο φέρτερός ἐστι.","translation":"nor fight him head-on, since he is stronger than you.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχέσασθαι","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"μαχέσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φέρτερός","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"φέρτερός","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b17-l169","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"Then, glaring at him from under his brows, Hector of the flashing helm spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"from under his brows"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"glaring at"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"with flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b17-l170","source":"Γλαῦκε τί ἢ δὲ σὺ τοῖος ἐὼν ὑπέροπλον ἔειπες;","translation":"\"Glaucus, why, being such a man, did you speak so arrogantly?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Γλαῦκε","lemma":"Γλαῦκος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Glaucus"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔειπες","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"pray"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔειπες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπες","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ὑπέροπλον","lemma":"ὑπέροπλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔειπες","gloss":"arrogantly"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b17-l171","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ τʼ ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων","translation":"Ah, I thought you surpassed all others in understanding","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"in wisdom"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐφάμην","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b17-l172","source":"τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ἐριβώλακα ναιετάουσι·","translation":"of all who dwell in rich-soiled Lycia;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ναιετάουσι","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ναιετάουσι","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"Λυκίην","lemma":"Λυκία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ναιετάουσι","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλακα","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Λυκίην","gloss":"deep-soiled"},{"surface":"ναιετάουσι","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλων","gloss":"dwell"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b17-l173","source":"νῦν δέ σευ ὠνοσάμην πάγχυ φρένας οἷον ἔειπες,","translation":"but now I wholly scorn your mind for what you have said,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὠνοσάμην","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὠνοσάμην","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I condemn"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὠνοσάμην","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὠνοσάμην","gloss":"judgment"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔειπες","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὠνοσάμην","gloss":"you said"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b17-l174","source":"ὅς τέ με φῂς Αἴαντα πελώριον οὐχ ὑπομεῖναι.","translation":"when you say I will not face huge Ajax.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φῂς","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπομεῖναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φῂς","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σευ","gloss":"you say"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπομεῖναι","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"πελώριον","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντα","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὑπομεῖναι","lemma":"ὑπομένω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of φῂς","gloss":"to face"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b17-l175","source":"οὔ τοι ἐγὼν ἔρριγα μάχην οὐδὲ κτύπον ἵππων·","translation":"I do not shudder at battle or the din of horses;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρριγα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἔρριγα","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shudder"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"κτύπον","lemma":"κτύπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κτύπον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b17-l176","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεί τε Διὸς κρείσσων νόος αἰγιόχοιο,","translation":"but the mind of Zeus who bears the aegis is always stronger,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"κρείσσων","lemma":"κρείσσων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b17-l177","source":"ὅς τε καὶ ἄλκιμον ἄνδρα φοβεῖ καὶ ἀφείλετο νίκην","translation":"he puts even a valiant man to flight and takes away his victory","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φοβεῖ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φοβεῖ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"φοβεῖ","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"puts to flight"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφείλετο","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"takes away"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφείλετο","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b17-l178","source":"ῥηϊδίως, ὁτὲ δʼ αὐτὸς ἐποτρύνει μαχέσασθαι.","translation":"with ease, yet at another time himself urges him to fight.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφείλετο","gloss":"with ease"},{"surface":"ὁτὲ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐποτρύνει","gloss":"at another time"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνει","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"urges"},{"surface":"μαχέσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐποτρύνει","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b17-l179","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο πέπον, παρʼ ἔμʼ ἵστασο καὶ ἴδε ἔργον,","translation":"But come here, friend, stand beside me and see the deed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἵστασο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"deed"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b17-l180","source":"ἠὲ πανημέριος κακὸς ἔσσομαι, ὡς ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"whether I will be a coward all day, as you declare,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"πανημέριος","lemma":"πανημέριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all day long"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"ἔσσομαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσομαι","gloss":"you speak"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b17-l181","source":"ἦ τινα καὶ Δαναῶν ἀλκῆς μάλα περ μεμαῶτα","translation":"or whether I shall stop some Danaan, however eager in valor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σχήσω","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μεμαῶτα","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b17-l182","source":"σχήσω ἀμυνέμεναι περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος.","translation":"from defending dead Patroclus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχήσω","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"I shall stop"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of σχήσω","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"fallen dead"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b17-l183","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν Τρώεσσιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·","translation":"So he spoke and called to the Trojans with a long, loud cry:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσας","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b17-l184","source":"Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταί,","translation":"\"Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close-fighters,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λύκιοι","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δάρδανοι","lemma":"Δάρδανος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Dardanians"},{"surface":"ἀγχιμαχηταί","lemma":"ἀγχιμαχητής","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Δάρδανοι","gloss":"close-fighters"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b17-l185","source":"ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς,","translation":"be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"μνήσασθε","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσασθε","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b17-l186","source":"ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼν Ἀχιλῆος ἀμύμονος ἔντεα δύω","translation":"while I put on the fine armor of blameless Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δύω","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"I put on"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b17-l187","source":"καλά, τὰ Πατρόκλοιο βίην ἐνάριξα κατακτάς.","translation":"which I stripped by force from Patroclus after killing him.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l187.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐνάριξα κατακτάς","title":"Kill and strip","body":"The paired verbs keep two acts distinct: Hector killed Patroclus and stripped the armor from his corpse. The armor itself belongs to Achilles."}],"words":[{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐνάριξα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίην","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"βίην","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνάριξα","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"ἐνάριξα","lemma":"ἐναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔντεα","gloss":"stripped"},{"surface":"κατακτάς","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνάριξα","gloss":"after killing"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b17-l188","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"So he spoke, and Hector of the flashing helm departed;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέβη","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b17-l189","source":"δηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο· θέων δʼ ἐκίχανεν ἑταίρους","translation":"from the deadly war; running, he caught up with his comrades","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηΐου","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκίχανεν","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκίχανεν","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught up"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκίχανεν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b17-l190","source":"ὦκα μάλʼ οὔ πω τῆλε ποσὶ κραιπνοῖσι μετασπών,","translation":"very quickly, not yet far away, following with swift feet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκίχανεν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to τῆλε","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετασπών","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"κραιπνοῖσι","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"μετασπών","lemma":"μεθέπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκίχανεν","gloss":"following"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b17-l191","source":"οἳ προτὶ ἄστυ φέρον κλυτὰ τεύχεα Πηλεΐωνος.","translation":"who were carrying the renowned armor of Peleus' son toward the city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑταίρους","gloss":"were carrying"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"of Peleus' son"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b17-l192","source":"στὰς δʼ ἀπάνευθε μάχης πολυδακρύου ἔντεʼ ἄμειβεν·","translation":"Standing apart from the tear-filled battle, he exchanged his armor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄμειβεν","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"πολυδακρύου","lemma":"πολυδάκρυος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"tear-filled"},{"surface":"ἔντε","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄμειβεν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἄμειβεν","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"exchanged"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b17-l193","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν τὰ ἃ δῶκε φέρειν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρὴν","translation":"His own he gave them to carry toward sacred Ilion","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἃ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"φέρειν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρὴν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b17-l194","source":"Τρωσὶ φιλοπτολέμοισιν, ὃ δʼ ἄμβροτα τεύχεα δῦνε","translation":"for the war-loving Trojans, while he put on the immortal armor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"φιλοπτολέμοισιν","lemma":"φιλοπόλεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρωσὶ","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δῦνε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμβροτα","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δῦνε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δῦνε","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b17-l195","source":"Πηλεΐδεω Ἀχιλῆος ἅ οἱ θεοὶ Οὐρανίωνες","translation":"of Peleus' son Achilles, which the heavenly gods","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδεω","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"of Peleus"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔπορον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπορον","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"Οὐρανίωνες","lemma":"Οὐρανίωνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"heavenly"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b17-l196","source":"πατρὶ φίλῳ ἔπορον· ὃ δʼ ἄρα ᾧ παιδὶ ὄπασσε","translation":"had given his dear father; and he gave it to his son","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπορον","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἔπορον","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τεύχεα","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄπασσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄπασσε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὄπασσε","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"granted him"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b17-l197","source":"γηράς· ἀλλʼ οὐχ υἱὸς ἐν ἔντεσι πατρὸς ἐγήρα.","translation":"when he grew old—but the son did not grow old in his father's armor.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γηράς","lemma":"γηράσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄπασσε","gloss":"growing old"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐγήρα","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἔντεσι","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔντεσι","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐγήρα","lemma":"γηράσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew old"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b17-l198","source":"τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἀπάνευθεν ἴδεν νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς","translation":"When Zeus the cloud-gatherer saw him from afar","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθεν","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδεν","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b17-l199","source":"τεύχεσι Πηλεΐδαο κορυσσόμενον θείοιο,","translation":"arming himself in the armor of the godlike son of Peleus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κορυσσόμενον","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδαο","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχεσι","gloss":"Peleus’ son"},{"surface":"κορυσσόμενον","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"arming himself"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐδαο","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b17-l200","source":"κινήσας ῥα κάρη προτὶ ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν·","translation":"he shook his head and spoke to his own heart:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κινήσας","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μυθήσατο","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κινήσας","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μυθήσατο","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b17-l201","source":"ἆ δείλʼ οὐδέ τί τοι θάνατος καταθύμιός ἐστιν","translation":"\"Ah, poor wretch, death is nowhere in your thoughts,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"δείλ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"poor wretch"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καταθύμιός","lemma":"καταθύμιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a concern"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b17-l202","source":"ὃς δή τοι σχεδὸν εἶσι· σὺ δʼ ἄμβροτα τεύχεα δύνεις","translation":"though it is already drawing near you; yet you put on the immortal armor","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σχεδὸν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of εἶσι","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"εἶσι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θάνατος","gloss":"approaches"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύνεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμβροτα","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δύνεις","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δύνεις","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b17-l203","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος, τόν τε τρομέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι·","translation":"of the best of men, whom even others tremble before.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆος","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"best man"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τρομέουσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρομέουσι","lemma":"τρομέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"tremble"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τρομέουσι","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b17-l204","source":"τοῦ δὴ ἑταῖρον ἔπεφνες ἐνηέα τε κρατερόν τε,","translation":"His companion, gentle and mighty, you have slain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπεφνες","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνες","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ἐνηέα","lemma":"ἐνηής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρατερόν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b17-l205","source":"τεύχεα δʼ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον ἀπὸ κρατός τε καὶ ὤμων","translation":"and not in fitting order did you strip the armor from his head and shoulders.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l205.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐ κατὰ κόσμον","title":"Not in due order","body":"κόσμος here means fitting order or propriety, not physical ornament. Zeus condemns the way Hector stripped and assumed the divine armor."}],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλευ","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρατός","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b17-l206","source":"εἵλευ· ἀτάρ τοι νῦν γε μέγα κράτος ἐγγυαλίξω,","translation":"But now I shall place great might in your hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλευ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you stripped"},{"surface":"ἀτάρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγγυαλίξω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγγυαλίξω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"ἐγγυαλίξω","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall grant"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b17-l207","source":"τῶν ποινὴν ὅ τοι οὔ τι μάχης ἐκνοστήσαντι","translation":"in recompense for this, since you will never return from battle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ποινὴν","gloss":"for this"},{"surface":"ποινὴν","lemma":"ποινή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"recompense"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέξεται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"οὔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκνοστήσαντι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκνοστήσαντι","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐκνοστήσαντι","lemma":"ἐκνοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning home"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b17-l208","source":"δέξεται Ἀνδρομάχη κλυτὰ τεύχεα Πηλεΐωνος.","translation":"and Andromache will not receive from you the renowned armor of Peleus' son.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δέξεται","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅ","gloss":"will receive"},{"surface":"Ἀνδρομάχη","lemma":"Ἀνδρομάχη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέξεται","gloss":"Andromache"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέξεται","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"of Peleus"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b17-l209","source":"ἦ καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι νεῦσε Κρονίων.","translation":"So he spoke, and the son of Cronos bowed his head, his dark brows lowering;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυανέῃσιν","lemma":"κυάνεος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀφρύσι","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσι","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νεῦσε","gloss":"brows"},{"surface":"νεῦσε","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νεῦσε","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b17-l210","source":"Ἕκτορι δʼ ἥρμοσε τεύχεʼ ἐπὶ χροΐ, δῦ δέ μιν Ἄρης","translation":"The armor fitted Hector's body, and Ares entered him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἥρμοσε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥρμοσε","lemma":"ἁρμόζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it fitted"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἥρμοσε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χροΐ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"his body"},{"surface":"δῦ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῦ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῦ","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b17-l211","source":"δεινὸς ἐνυάλιος, πλῆσθεν δʼ ἄρα οἱ μέλεʼ ἐντὸς","translation":"terrible Enyalius; all his limbs within were filled","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸς","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἐνυάλιος","lemma":"Ἐνυάλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"Enyalius"},{"surface":"πλῆσθεν","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were filled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πλῆσθεν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"μέλε","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πλῆσθεν","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"ἐντὸς","lemma":"ἐντός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλῆσθεν","gloss":"within"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b17-l212","source":"ἀλκῆς καὶ σθένεος· μετὰ δὲ κλειτοὺς ἐπικούρους","translation":"with valor and strength, and among the glorious allies","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένεος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλειτοὺς","lemma":"κλειτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπικούρους","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"ἐπικούρους","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b17-l213","source":"βῆ ῥα μέγα ἰάχων· ἰνδάλλετο δέ σφισι πᾶσι","translation":"he went with a mighty shout; to all of them he seemed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰάχων","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἰάχων","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"ἰνδάλλετο","lemma":"ἰνδάλλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰνδάλλετο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σφισι","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b17-l214","source":"τεύχεσι λαμπόμενος μεγαθύμου Πηλεΐωνος.","translation":"the great-hearted son of Peleus, blazing in his armor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to λαμπόμενος","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"λαμπόμενος","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰνδάλλετο","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχεσι","gloss":"of Peleus"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b17-l215","source":"ὄτρυνεν δὲ ἕκαστον ἐποιχόμενος ἐπέεσσι","translation":"He went to each man and urged him on with words—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄτρυνεν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενος","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"ranging"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b17-l216","source":"Μέσθλην τε Γλαῦκόν τε Μέδοντά τε Θερσίλοχόν τε","translation":"Mesthles and Glaucus and Medon and Thersilochus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μέσθλην","lemma":"Μέσθλης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Mesthles"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Γλαῦκόν","lemma":"Γλαῦκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Glaucus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέδοντά","lemma":"Μέδων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Medon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θερσίλοχόν","lemma":"Θερσίλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Thersilochus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b17-l217","source":"Ἀστεροπαῖόν τε Δεισήνορά θʼ Ἱππόθοόν τε","translation":"Asteropaeus and Deisenor and Hippothous,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀστεροπαῖόν","lemma":"Ἀστεροπαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Asteropaeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δεισήνορά","lemma":"Δεισήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Deisenor"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἱππόθοόν","lemma":"Ἱππόθοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hippothous"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b17-l218","source":"Φόρκυν τε Χρομίον τε καὶ Ἔννομον οἰωνιστήν·","translation":"Phorcys and Chromius and Ennomus the reader of birds;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φόρκυν","lemma":"Φόρκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Phorcys"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Χρομίον","lemma":"Χρομίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Chromius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἔννομον","lemma":"Ἔννομος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ennomus"},{"surface":"οἰωνιστήν","lemma":"οἰωνιστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἔννομον","gloss":"the augur"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b17-l219","source":"τοὺς ὅ γʼ ἐποτρύνων ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"urging them on, he addressed them with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐποτρύνων","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνων","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"urging on"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b17-l220","source":"κέκλυτε μυρία φῦλα περικτιόνων ἐπικούρων·","translation":"\"Hear me, countless tribes of allies dwelling round about.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l220.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"περικτιόνων ἐπικούρων","title":"Allies from surrounding lands","body":"The ἐπίκουροι are allied contingents drawn from peoples around Troy, not Trojans proper. Hector addresses their many separate communities as one force."}],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μυρία","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"vocative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φῦλα","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"φῦλα","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"vocative plural neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"tribes"},{"surface":"περικτιόνων","lemma":"περικτίονες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐπικούρων","gloss":"neighboring"},{"surface":"ἐπικούρων","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φῦλα","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b17-l221","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ πληθὺν διζήμενος οὐδὲ χατίζων","translation":"For it was not seeking numbers, nor from want,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤγειρα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πληθὺν","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διζήμενος","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"διζήμενος","lemma":"δίζημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"seeking"},{"surface":"χατίζων","lemma":"χατίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"lacking"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b17-l222","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ἀφʼ ὑμετέρων πολίων ἤγειρα ἕκαστον,","translation":"that I gathered each of you here from your cities,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἤγειρα","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὑμετέρων","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πολίων","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πολίων","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφ̓","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"ἤγειρα","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἤγειρα","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b17-l223","source":"ἀλλʼ ἵνα μοι Τρώων ἀλόχους καὶ νήπια τέκνα","translation":"but so that the Trojan wives and helpless children","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ῥύοισθε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλόχους","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀλόχους","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήπια","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"helpless"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b17-l224","source":"προφρονέως ῥύοισθε φιλοπτολέμων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"you would defend with ready heart from the war-loving Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"προφρονέως","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥύοισθε","gloss":"wholeheartedly"},{"surface":"ῥύοισθε","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might defend"},{"surface":"φιλοπτολέμων","lemma":"φιλοπόλεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b17-l225","source":"τὰ φρονέων δώροισι κατατρύχω καὶ ἐδωδῇ","translation":"With this in mind I wear my people down with gifts and food,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατατρύχω","gloss":"intending"},{"surface":"δώροισι","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with gifts"},{"surface":"κατατρύχω","lemma":"κατατρύχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wear down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδωδῇ","lemma":"ἐδωδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b17-l226","source":"λαούς, ὑμέτερον δὲ ἑκάστου θυμὸν ἀέξω.","translation":"and stir up the spirit of each one of you.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαούς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατατρύχω","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὑμέτερον","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀέξω","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀέξω","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strengthen"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b17-l227","source":"τώ τις νῦν ἰθὺς τετραμμένος ἢ ἀπολέσθω","translation":"Therefore let each turn straight on now, and either perish","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετραμμένος","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"τετραμμένος","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθω","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perish"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b17-l228","source":"ἠὲ σαωθήτω· ἣ γὰρ πολέμου ὀαριστύς.","translation":"or be saved; for that is the close encounter of war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l228.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολέμου ὀαριστύς","title":"War's close encounter","body":"ὀαριστύς ordinarily suggests intimate converse or close companionship. Hector grimly transfers that closeness to the deadly give-and-take of battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σαωθήτω","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be saved"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀαριστύς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ὀαριστύς","lemma":"ὀαριστύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"close combat"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b17-l229","source":"ὃς δέ κε Πάτροκλον καὶ τεθνηῶτά περ ἔμπης","translation":"And whoever, even though Patroclus is dead,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρύσῃ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσῃ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτά","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"when dead"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b17-l230","source":"Τρῶας ἐς ἱπποδάμους ἐρύσῃ, εἴξῃ δέ οἱ Αἴας,","translation":"drags him among the horse-taming Trojans and Ajax gives way to him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμους","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"horse-taming"},{"surface":"ἐρύσῃ","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"drags"},{"surface":"εἴξῃ","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"yields"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴξῃ","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴξῃ","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b17-l231","source":"ἥμισυ τῷ ἐνάρων ἀποδάσσομαι, ἥμισυ δʼ αὐτὸς","translation":"to him I will allot half the spoils, while half myself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμισυ","lemma":"ἥμισυς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀποδάσσομαι","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποδάσσομαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐνάρων","lemma":"ἔναρα","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἥμισυ","gloss":"of spoils"},{"surface":"ἀποδάσσομαι","lemma":"ἀποδατέομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will allot"},{"surface":"ἥμισυ","lemma":"ἥμισυς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἕξω","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b17-l232","source":"ἕξω ἐγώ· τὸ δέ οἱ κλέος ἔσσεται ὅσσον ἐμοί περ.","translation":"I shall keep; and his glory will be as great as mine.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕξω","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall keep"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as great as"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b17-l233","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἰθὺς Δαναῶν βρίσαντες ἔβησαν","translation":"So he spoke, and they went straight at the Danaans, leaning their weight forward","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight at"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἰθὺς","gloss":"at the Danaans"},{"surface":"βρίσαντες","lemma":"βρίθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβησαν","gloss":"leaning forward"},{"surface":"ἔβησαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"advanced"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b17-l234","source":"δούρατʼ ἀνασχόμενοι· μάλα δέ σφισιν ἔλπετο θυμὸς","translation":"with spears raised; and their hearts had high hopes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούρατ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνασχόμενοι","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἀνασχόμενοι","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβησαν","gloss":"raising"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλπετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b17-l235","source":"νεκρὸν ὑπʼ Αἴαντος ἐρύειν Τελαμωνιάδαο","translation":"of dragging the corpse from under Ajax, son of Telamon—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύειν","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ἐρύειν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπετο","gloss":"to drag"},{"surface":"Τελαμωνιάδαο","lemma":"Τελαμωνιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴαντος","gloss":"son of Telamon"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b17-l236","source":"νήπιοι· ἦ τε πολέσσιν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ θυμὸν ἀπηύρα.","translation":"fools; for over it he took the lives of many.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιοι","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fools"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολέσσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπηύρα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"robbed"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b17-l237","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ Αἴας εἶπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον·","translation":"Then Ajax spoke to Menelaus, loud in the war-cry:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶπε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸν","gloss":"in war-cries"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαον","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b17-l238","source":"ὦ πέπον ὦ Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς οὐκέτι νῶϊ","translation":"\"Dear Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus, I no longer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l238.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐκέτι νῶϊ","title":"Ajax's dual 'we'","body":"νῶϊ is the first-person dual pronoun: Ajax speaks specifically of himself and Menelaus as a pair. The later αὐτώ and the infinitive continue that two-man frame."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλπομαι","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νοστησέμεν","gloss":"we two"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b17-l239","source":"ἔλπομαι αὐτώ περ νοστησέμεν ἐκ πολέμοιο.","translation":"expect that we ourselves will return from battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλπομαι","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I expect"},{"surface":"αὐτώ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νοστησέμεν","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπομαι","gloss":"to return"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b17-l240","source":"οὔ τι τόσον νέκυος περιδείδια Πατρόκλοιο,","translation":"I do not so much fear for Patroclus' corpse,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"οὔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περιδείδια","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to περιδείδια","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"νέκυος","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περιδείδια","gloss":"the corpse"},{"surface":"περιδείδια","lemma":"περιδείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νέκυος","gloss":"Patroclus"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b17-l241","source":"ὅς κε τάχα Τρώων κορέει κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνούς,","translation":"which will soon glut the dogs and birds of Troy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κορέει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κορέει","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κύνας","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"κορέει","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"will glut"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"the dogs"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰωνούς","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"the birds"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b17-l242","source":"ὅσσον ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ περιδείδια μή τι πάθῃσι,","translation":"as I fear for my own head, lest harm come to it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to περιδείδια","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"ἐμῇ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περιδείδια","gloss":"my head"},{"surface":"περιδείδια","lemma":"περιδείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόσον","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθῃσι","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πάθῃσι","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"may suffer"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b17-l243","source":"καὶ σῇ, ἐπεὶ πολέμοιο νέφος περὶ πάντα καλύπτει","translation":"and yours, since Hector wraps the cloud of war around everything,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σῇ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καλύπτει","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"καλύπτει","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"covers"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b17-l244","source":"Ἕκτωρ, ἡμῖν δʼ αὖτʼ ἀναφαίνεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος.","translation":"and sheer destruction now rises before us.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀναφαίνεται","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἀναφαίνεται","lemma":"ἀναφαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"emerges"},{"surface":"αἰπὺς","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρος","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρος","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀναφαίνεται","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b17-l245","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἀριστῆας Δαναῶν κάλει, ἤν τις ἀκούσῃ.","translation":"But come, call the princes of the Danaans, if anyone can hear.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆας","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κάλει","gloss":"princes"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστῆας","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"κάλει","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκούσῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἀκούσῃ","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤν","gloss":"may hear"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b17-l246","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος,","translation":"So he spoke, and Menelaus, loud in the war-cry, did not disobey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b17-l247","source":"ἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Δαναοῖσι γεγωνώς·","translation":"There he cried in a piercing voice to the Danaans: \"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϋσεν","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διαπρύσιον","lemma":"διαπρύσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"piercing"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γεγωνώς","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"γεγωνώς","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b17-l248","source":"ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες","translation":"Friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡγήτορες","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡγήτορες","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"rulers"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b17-l249","source":"οἵ τε παρʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃς Ἀγαμέμνονι καὶ Μενελάῳ","translation":"you who beside the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πίνουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃς","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενελάῳ","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b17-l250","source":"δήμια πίνουσιν καὶ σημαίνουσιν ἕκαστος","translation":"drink the public wine and each command","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήμια","lemma":"δήμιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πίνουσιν","gloss":"public"},{"surface":"πίνουσιν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σημαίνουσιν","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b17-l251","source":"λαοῖς· ἐκ δὲ Διὸς τιμὴ καὶ κῦδος ὀπηδεῖ.","translation":"your peoples; and from Zeus follow honor and glory.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοῖς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σημαίνουσιν","gloss":"troops"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τιμὴ","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀπηδεῖ","lemma":"ὀπαδέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b17-l252","source":"ἀργαλέον δέ μοί ἐστι διασκοπιᾶσθαι ἕκαστον","translation":"It is hard for me to make out each man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργαλέον","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"διασκοπιᾶσθαι","lemma":"διασκοπιάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"to spy out"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of διασκοπιᾶσθαι","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b17-l253","source":"ἡγεμόνων· τόσση γὰρ ἔρις πολέμοιο δέδηεν·","translation":"among the leaders, so great the strife of war has blazed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγεμόνων","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕκαστον","gloss":"of the leaders"},{"surface":"τόσση","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔρις","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέδηεν","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔρις","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δέδηεν","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has blazed"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b17-l254","source":"ἀλλά τις αὐτὸς ἴτω, νεμεσιζέσθω δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ","translation":"But let each come of himself, and in his heart feel shame","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴτω","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἴτω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let come"},{"surface":"νεμεσιζέσθω","lemma":"νεμεσίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feel shame"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b17-l255","source":"Πάτροκλον Τρῳῇσι κυσὶν μέλπηθρα γενέσθαι.","translation":"that Patroclus should become a plaything for the dogs of Troy.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l255.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέλπηθρα γενέσθαι","title":"A plaything for dogs","body":"μέλπηθρον is a thing made sport of or played with. Applied to Patroclus' corpse, the word makes the threatened mutilation deliberately degrading."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γενέσθαι","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"Τρῳῇσι","lemma":"Τρωιός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυσὶν","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"κυσὶν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to γενέσθαι","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"μέλπηθρα","lemma":"μέλπηθρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a delight"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of νεμεσιζέσθω","gloss":"to become"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b17-l256","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὀξὺ δʼ ἄκουσεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας·","translation":"So he spoke, and swift Ajax, son of Oileus, heard clearly;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄκουσεν","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄκουσεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Oileus"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄκουσεν","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b17-l257","source":"πρῶτος δʼ ἀντίος ἦλθε θέων ἀνὰ δηϊοτῆτα,","translation":"first he came running to meet them through the battle,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτα","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"battle strife"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b17-l258","source":"τὸν δὲ μετʼ Ἰδομενεὺς καὶ ὀπάων Ἰδομενῆος","translation":"and after him Idomeneus and Idomeneus's companion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀπάων","lemma":"ὀπάων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀπάων","gloss":"of Idomeneus"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b17-l259","source":"Μηριόνης ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ.","translation":"Meriones, the equal of man-slaying Enyalius;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"peer"},{"surface":"Ἐνυαλίῳ","lemma":"Ἐνυάλιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"Enyalius"},{"surface":"ἀνδρειφόντῃ","lemma":"ἀνδρειφόντης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἐνυαλίῳ","gloss":"man-slaying"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b17-l260","source":"τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τίς κεν ᾗσι φρεσὶν οὐνόματʼ εἴποι,","translation":"Of the others, who in his own mind could name the names,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐνόματ̓","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴποι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἴποι","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"οὐνόματ","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἴποι","gloss":"names"},{"surface":"εἴποι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could name"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b17-l261","source":"ὅσσοι δὴ μετόπισθε μάχην ἤγειραν Ἀχαιῶν;","translation":"of all who later roused the Achaeans' battle?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἤγειραν","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετόπισθε","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγειραν","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤγειραν","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἤγειραν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλων","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μάχην","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b17-l262","source":"Τρῶες δὲ προὔτυψαν ἀολλέες· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"The Trojans struck first, massed together; Hector led.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of προὔτυψαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προὔτυψαν","lemma":"προτύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck first"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in one mass"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b17-l263","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἐπὶ προχοῇσι διιπετέος ποταμοῖο","translation":"As when at the mouth of a heaven-fed river","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"προχοῇσι","lemma":"προχοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"river mouths"},{"surface":"διιπετέος","lemma":"Διιπετής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"Zeus-fed"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies προχοῇσι","gloss":"river"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b17-l264","source":"βέβρυχεν μέγα κῦμα ποτὶ ῥόον, ἀμφὶ δέ τʼ ἄκραι","translation":"a great wave roars against the stream, and all around the jutting","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βέβρυχεν","lemma":"βρυχάομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"roars"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of βέβρυχεν","gloss":"a wave"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ποτὶ","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βοόωσιν","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄκραι","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠϊόνες","gloss":"jutting"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b17-l265","source":"ἠϊόνες βοόωσιν ἐρευγομένης ἁλὸς ἔξω,","translation":"shores resound as the sea bellows outward,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠϊόνες","lemma":"ἠιών","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of βοόωσιν","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"βοόωσιν","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"resound"},{"surface":"ἐρευγομένης","lemma":"ἐρεύγομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βοόωσιν","gloss":"bellowing"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐρευγομένης","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἔξω","lemma":"ἔξω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρευγομένης","gloss":"outward"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b17-l266","source":"τόσσῃ ἄρα Τρῶες ἰαχῇ ἴσαν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"so with such a cry the Trojans came. But the Achaeans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσῃ","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἰαχῇ","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἰαχῇ","lemma":"ἰαχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴσαν","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b17-l267","source":"ἕστασαν ἀμφὶ Μενοιτιάδῃ ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντες","translation":"stood about the son of Menoetius with one heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδῃ","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the son of Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b17-l268","source":"φραχθέντες σάκεσιν χαλκήρεσιν· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρά σφι","translation":"fenced in with bronze-fitted shields; and around their","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φραχθέντες","lemma":"φράσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"fenced"},{"surface":"σάκεσιν","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to φραχθέντες","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεσιν","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκεσιν","gloss":"bronze-shod"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to χεῦ̓","gloss":"their"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b17-l269","source":"λαμπρῇσιν κορύθεσσι Κρονίων ἠέρα πολλὴν","translation":"gleaming helmets the son of Cronos poured a heavy mist,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαμπρῇσιν","lemma":"λαμπρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κορύθεσσι","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"κορύθεσσι","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of χεῦ̓","gloss":"helmets"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χεῦ̓","gloss":"the son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἠέρα","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of χεῦ̓","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"πολλὴν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠέρα","gloss":"abundant"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b17-l270","source":"χεῦʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ Μενοιτιάδην ἔχθαιρε πάρος γε,","translation":"for he had not hated the son of Menoetius before,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῦ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδην","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχθαιρε","gloss":"Menoetius's son"},{"surface":"ἔχθαιρε","lemma":"ἐχθαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had hated"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχθαιρε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b17-l271","source":"ὄφρα ζωὸς ἐὼν θεράπων ἦν Αἰακίδαο·","translation":"while alive he was attendant of the son of Aeacus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ζωὸς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"son of Aeacus"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b17-l272","source":"μίσησεν δʼ ἄρα μιν δηΐων κυσὶ κύρμα γενέσθαι","translation":"And he hated that he should become prey for the dogs of his foes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίσησεν","lemma":"μισέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hated"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γενέσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δηΐων","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κυσὶ","gloss":"of the foe"},{"surface":"κυσὶ","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to γενέσθαι","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"κύρμα","lemma":"κύρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"prey"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of μίσησεν","gloss":"to become"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b17-l273","source":"Τρῳῇσιν· τὼ καί οἱ ἀμυνέμεν ὦρσεν ἑταίρους.","translation":"the Trojans; therefore he roused his comrades to defend him.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῳῇσιν","lemma":"Τρωιός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυσὶ","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμυνέμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"ὦρσεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b17-l274","source":"ὦσαν δὲ πρότεροι Τρῶες ἑλίκωπας Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"The Trojans were first to drive back the bright-eyed Achaeans;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦσαν","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove back"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρότεροι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦσαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἑλίκωπας","lemma":"ἑλίκωψ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὦσαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b17-l275","source":"νεκρὸν δὲ προλιπόντες ὑπέτρεσαν, οὐδέ τινʼ αὐτῶν","translation":"leaving the corpse, they drew back, but none of them","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προλιπόντες","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προλιπόντες","lemma":"προλείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπέτρεσαν","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"ὑπέτρεσαν","lemma":"ὑποτρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b17-l276","source":"Τρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι ἕλον ἔγχεσιν ἱέμενοί περ,","translation":"did the high-hearted Trojans slay with spears, eager though they were,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὑπέρθυμοι","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσιν","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλον","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἱέμενοί","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλον","gloss":"straining for"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b17-l277","source":"ἀλλὰ νέκυν ἐρύοντο· μίνυνθα δὲ καὶ τοῦ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"but they drew off the corpse; yet not for long would the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύοντο","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἐρύοντο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew off"},{"surface":"μίνυνθα","lemma":"μίνυνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέσσεσθαι","gloss":"only a moment"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπέσσεσθαι","gloss":"from it"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μέλλον","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b17-l278","source":"μέλλον ἀπέσσεσθαι· μάλα γάρ σφεας ὦκʼ ἐλέλιξεν","translation":"remain away from it, for Ajax swiftly rallied them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέλλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would remain"},{"surface":"ἀπέσσεσθαι","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of μέλλον","gloss":"to remain away"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλέλιξεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὦκ","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλέλιξεν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἐλέλιξεν","lemma":"ἐλελίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rallied"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b17-l279","source":"Αἴας, ὃς περὶ μὲν εἶδος, περὶ δʼ ἔργα τέτυκτο","translation":"who in looks and deeds was foremost","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλέλιξεν","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"preeminent in"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"preeminent in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τέτυκτο","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b17-l280","source":"τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα.","translation":"of all the other Danaans, after the blameless son of Peleus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of τέτυκτο","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b17-l281","source":"ἴθυσεν δὲ διὰ προμάχων συῒ εἴκελος ἀλκὴν","translation":"He charged through the front ranks, in valor like a wild boar,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴθυσεν","lemma":"ἰθύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"συῒ","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴκελος","gloss":"a boar"},{"surface":"εἴκελος","lemma":"εἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἀλκὴν","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἴκελος","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b17-l282","source":"καπρίῳ, ὅς τʼ ἐν ὄρεσσι κύνας θαλερούς τʼ αἰζηοὺς","translation":"which in the mountains scatters dogs and strong young men","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καπρίῳ","lemma":"κάπριος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies συῒ","gloss":"wild boar"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκέδασσεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὄρεσσι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the mountains"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"θαλερούς","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰζηοὺς","gloss":"vigorous"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰζηοὺς","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b17-l283","source":"ῥηϊδίως ἐκέδασσεν, ἑλιξάμενος διὰ βήσσας·","translation":"with ease, wheeling among wooded glens;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέδασσεν","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"ἐκέδασσεν","lemma":"κεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing συῒ","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"ἑλιξάμενος","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέδασσεν","gloss":"wheeling"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"βήσσας","lemma":"βῆσσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"the glens"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b17-l284","source":"ὣς υἱὸς Τελαμῶνος ἀγαυοῦ φαίδιμος Αἴας","translation":"so glorious Ajax, son of noble Telamon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέδασσε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Τελαμῶνος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Telamon"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τελαμῶνος","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b17-l285","source":"ῥεῖα μετεισάμενος Τρώων ἐκέδασσε φάλαγγας","translation":"came among them with ease and scattered the Trojan battalions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέδασσε","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"μετεισάμενος","lemma":"μέτειμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέδασσε","gloss":"entering among"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φάλαγγας","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐκέδασσε","lemma":"κεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκέδασσε","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b17-l286","source":"οἳ περὶ Πατρόκλῳ βέβασαν, φρόνεον δὲ μάλιστα","translation":"who had bestrode Patroclus and were most intent","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βέβασαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βέβασαν","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"βέβασαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"had bestrode"},{"surface":"φρόνεον","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"fixed their minds"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b17-l287","source":"ἄστυ πότι σφέτερον ἐρύειν καὶ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι.","translation":"on dragging him toward their own city and winning glory.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πότι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"πότι","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"σφέτερον","lemma":"σφέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"ἐρύειν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"dragging"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρέσθαι","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀρέσθαι","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"win"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b17-l288","source":"ἤτοι τὸν Λήθοιο Πελασγοῦ φαίδιμος υἱὸς","translation":"But the glorious son of the Pelasgian Lethus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Λήθοιο","lemma":"Λῆθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Lethus"},{"surface":"Πελασγοῦ","lemma":"Πελασγός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λήθοιο","gloss":"the Pelasgian"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b17-l289","source":"Ἱππόθοος ποδὸς ἕλκε κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην","translation":"Hippothous dragged him by the foot through the mighty conflict,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἱππόθοος","lemma":"Ἱππόθοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hippothous"},{"surface":"ποδὸς","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλκε","gloss":"by the foot"},{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνην","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b17-l290","source":"δησάμενος τελαμῶνι παρὰ σφυρὸν ἀμφὶ τένοντας","translation":"binding a strap around the ankle beside the sinews,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l290.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τελαμῶνι παρὰ σφυρὸν ἀμφὶ τένοντας","title":"The ankle strap","body":"Hippothous loops a leather strap at the ankle around the tendons, giving him purchase to drag Patroclus. The precise attachment makes the handling of the corpse brutally physical."}],"words":[{"surface":"δησάμενος","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκε","gloss":"binding"},{"surface":"τελαμῶνι","lemma":"τελαμών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δησάμενος","gloss":"the strap"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"σφυρὸν","lemma":"σφυρόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"ankle"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τένοντας","lemma":"τένων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"tendons"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b17-l291","source":"Ἕκτορι καὶ Τρώεσσι χαριζόμενος· τάχα δʼ αὐτῷ","translation":"to win favor with Hector and the Trojans; but swiftly evil","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"χαριζόμενος","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκε","gloss":"to win favor"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b17-l292","source":"ἦλθε κακόν, τό οἱ οὔ τις ἐρύκακεν ἱεμένων περ.","translation":"came upon him, and none could ward it off, though they strove.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐρύκακεν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐρύκακεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρύκακεν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐρύκακεν","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κακόν","gloss":"could ward off"},{"surface":"ἱεμένων","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"striving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b17-l293","source":"τὸν δʼ υἱὸς Τελαμῶνος ἐπαΐξας διʼ ὁμίλου","translation":"Then the son of Telamon sprang at him through the crowd","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πλῆξ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πλῆξ̓","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Τελαμῶνος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Telamon"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξας","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πλῆξ̓","gloss":"springing at"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὁμίλου","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δἰ","gloss":"the press"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b17-l294","source":"πλῆξʼ αὐτοσχεδίην κυνέης διὰ χαλκοπαρῄου·","translation":"and struck him hand-to-hand through the bronze-cheeked helmet.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλῆξ","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"αὐτοσχεδίην","lemma":"αὐτοσχέδιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to πλῆξ̓","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"κυνέης","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"the helmet"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"χαλκοπαρῄου","lemma":"χαλκοπάρῃος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέης","gloss":"bronze-cheeked"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b17-l295","source":"ἤρικε δʼ ἱπποδάσεια κόρυς περὶ δουρὸς ἀκωκῇ","translation":"The horsehair-crested helmet split around the spearpoint,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤρικε","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"split"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάσεια","lemma":"ἱπποδάσεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυς","gloss":"horsehair-crested"},{"surface":"κόρυς","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤρικε","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκωκῇ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀκωκῇ","lemma":"ἀκωκή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"point"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b17-l296","source":"πληγεῖσʼ ἔγχεΐ τε μεγάλῳ καὶ χειρὶ παχείῃ,","translation":"struck by the great spear and the thick hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πληγεῖσ","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤρικε","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἔγχεΐ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεΐ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"stout"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b17-l297","source":"ἐγκέφαλος δὲ παρʼ αὐλὸν ἀνέδραμεν ἐξ ὠτειλῆς","translation":"and the bloody brain gushed from the wound beside the crest-socket.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l297.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παρʼ αὐλὸν","title":"Beside the crest-socket","body":"The αὐλός is the socket or tube that fixes the helmet crest. Homer locates the brain bursting out beside that piece of armor rather than leaving the wound vague."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγκέφαλος","lemma":"ἐγκέφαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέδραμεν","gloss":"brain"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐλὸν","lemma":"αὐλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"crest-socket"},{"surface":"ἀνέδραμεν","lemma":"ἀνατρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gushed"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὠτειλῆς","lemma":"ὠτειλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"wound"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b17-l298","source":"αἱματόεις· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη μένος, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρῶν","translation":"His strength was loosed there; from his hands he let","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱματόεις","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐγκέφαλος","gloss":"bloody"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύθη","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λύθη","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was loosed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of λύθη","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b17-l299","source":"Πατρόκλοιο πόδα μεγαλήτορος ἧκε χαμᾶζε","translation":"the foot of great-hearted Patroclus fall","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόδα","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"πόδα","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορος","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fall"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖσθαι","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b17-l300","source":"κεῖσθαι· ὃ δʼ ἄγχʼ αὐτοῖο πέσε πρηνὴς ἐπὶ νεκρῷ","translation":"to lie on the ground; and close beside him he fell face-down upon the corpse,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσθαι","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγχ","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖο","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄγχ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πέσε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"πρηνὴς","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"face-down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νεκρῷ","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"corpse"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b17-l301","source":"τῆλʼ ἀπὸ Λαρίσης ἐριβώλακος, οὐδὲ τοκεῦσι","translation":"far from rich-soiled Larisa; yet he did not repay his own parents","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆλ","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Λαρίσης","lemma":"Λάρισα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"Larisa"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλακος","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Λαρίσης","gloss":"rich-soiled"},{"surface":"τοκεῦσι","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπέδωκε","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b17-l302","source":"θρέπτρα φίλοις ἀπέδωκε, μινυνθάδιος δέ οἱ αἰὼν","translation":"the debt of his upbringing, for his life was brief,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θρέπτρα","lemma":"θρέπτρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπέδωκε","gloss":"debt of upbringing"},{"surface":"φίλοις","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοκεῦσι","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἀπέδωκε","lemma":"ἀποδίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"repaid"},{"surface":"μινυνθάδιος","lemma":"μινυνθάδιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brief"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλεθ̓","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"αἰὼν","lemma":"αἰών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπλεθ̓","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b17-l303","source":"ἔπλεθʼ ὑπʼ Αἴαντος μεγαθύμου δουρὶ δαμέντι.","translation":"cut short beneath the spear of great-hearted Ajax.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπλεθ","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"δαμέντι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"slain"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b17-l304","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ αὖτʼ Αἴαντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ·","translation":"Hector in turn cast his shining spear at Ajax;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"at Ajax"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b17-l305","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος","translation":"But he, seeing it before him, avoided the bronze spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠλεύατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠλεύατο","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ἠλεύατο","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"avoided"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠλεύατο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b17-l306","source":"τυτθόν· ὃ δὲ Σχεδίον μεγαθύμου Ἰφίτου υἱὸν","translation":"by a little; but it struck Schedius, son of great-hearted Iphitus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυτθόν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠλεύατο","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σχεδίον","lemma":"Σχεδίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Schedius"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰφίτου","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἰφίτου","lemma":"Ἴφιτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Iphitus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b17-l307","source":"Φωκήων ὄχʼ ἄριστον, ὃς ἐν κλειτῷ Πανοπῆϊ","translation":"far best of the Phocians, who in famous Panopeus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φωκήων","lemma":"Φωκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"of the Phocians"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄριστον","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Σχεδίον","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναιετάασκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλειτῷ","lemma":"κλειτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πανοπῆϊ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Πανοπῆϊ","lemma":"Πανοπεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"Panopeus"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b17-l308","source":"οἰκία ναιετάασκε πολέσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἀνάσσων,","translation":"dwelt in his home, ruling over many men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰκία","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναιετάασκε","gloss":"his house"},{"surface":"ναιετάασκε","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"dwelt"},{"surface":"πολέσσ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρεσσιν","gloss":"over many"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνάσσων","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσων","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ναιετάασκε","gloss":"ruling"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b17-l309","source":"τὸν βάλʼ ὑπὸ κληῗδα μέσην· διὰ δʼ ἀμπερὲς ἄκρη","translation":"He struck him beneath the middle collarbone; straight through him the point","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l309.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπὸ κληῗδα μέσην","title":"Beneath the collarbone","body":"The spear enters below the middle of Schedius's collarbone. The next line completes the path by locating where the bronze point emerges."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βάλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"κληῗδα","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"collarbone"},{"surface":"μέσην","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κληῗδα","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμπερὲς","lemma":"ἀμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέσχε","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"ἄκρη","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"tip"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b17-l310","source":"αἰχμὴ χαλκείη παρὰ νείατον ὦμον ἀνέσχε·","translation":"of bronze came out beside the lowest part of the shoulder.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέσχε","gloss":"spearpoint"},{"surface":"χαλκείη","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νείατον","lemma":"νέατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"lowest"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ἀνέσχε","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came out"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b17-l311","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.","translation":"He fell with a thud, and his armor clattered upon him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἀράβησε","lemma":"ἀραβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clattered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀράβησε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b17-l312","source":"Αἴας δʼ αὖ Φόρκυνα δαΐφρονα Φαίνοπος υἱὸν","translation":"Ajax in turn struck warlike Phorcys, son of Phaenops,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τύψε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Φόρκυνα","lemma":"Φόρκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Phorcys"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονα","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φόρκυνα","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"Φαίνοπος","lemma":"Φαῖνοψ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Phaenops"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b17-l313","source":"Ἱπποθόῳ περιβάντα μέσην κατὰ γαστέρα τύψε·","translation":"in the middle belly as he stood over Hippothous;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἱπποθόῳ","lemma":"Ἱππόθοος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιβάντα","gloss":"Hippothous"},{"surface":"περιβάντα","lemma":"περιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"stood over"},{"surface":"μέσην","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρα","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαστέρα","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"τύψε","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b17-l314","source":"ῥῆξε δὲ θώρηκος γύαλον, διὰ δʼ ἔντερα χαλκὸς","translation":"and shattered the plate of his corselet, and the bronze","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l314.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θώρηκος γύαλον","title":"The corselet plate","body":"The γύαλον is one curved plate or panel of the corselet. Ajax's spear breaks that armor before the bronze passes into Phorcys's entrails."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῆξε","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shattered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θώρηκος","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γύαλον","gloss":"of the corselet"},{"surface":"γύαλον","lemma":"γύαλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ῥῆξε","gloss":"plate"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔντερα","lemma":"ἔντερον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἤφυσ̓","gloss":"guts"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤφυσ̓","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b17-l315","source":"ἤφυσʼ· ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ.","translation":"gushed through his guts; and he fell in the dust and clutched the ground with his hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤφυσ","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gushed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"πεσὼν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clutched"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἀγοστῷ","lemma":"ἀγοστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"with his hand"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b17-l316","source":"χώρησαν δʼ ὑπό τε πρόμαχοι καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"The front fighters gave ground, and glorious Hector with them;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χώρησαν","lemma":"χωρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave ground"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπό","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόμαχοι","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"front fighters"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b17-l317","source":"Ἀργεῖοι δὲ μέγα ἴαχον, ἐρύσαντο δὲ νεκροὺς","translation":"the Argives shouted loud and dragged away the corpses","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἴαχον","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴαχον","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἴαχον","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged away"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεκροὺς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the dead"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b17-l318","source":"Φόρκυν θʼ Ἱππόθοόν τε, λύοντο δὲ τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων.","translation":"of Phorcys and Hippothous, and stripped the armor from their shoulders.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φόρκυν","lemma":"Φόρκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Phorcys"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἱππόθοόν","lemma":"Ἱππόθοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Hippothous"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λύοντο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λύοντο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b17-l319","source":"ἔνθά κεν αὖτε Τρῶες ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"Then the Trojans would again, beneath the Achaeans dear to Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσανέβησαν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσανέβησαν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρηϊφίλων","lemma":"ἀρηίφιλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"dear to Ares"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b17-l320","source":"Ἴλιον εἰσανέβησαν ἀναλκείῃσι δαμέντες,","translation":"have climbed back into Ilion, broken by their weakness,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσανέβησαν","gloss":"into Ilion"},{"surface":"εἰσανέβησαν","lemma":"εἰσαναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have climbed back"},{"surface":"ἀναλκείῃσι","lemma":"ἀνάλκεια","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δαμέντες","gloss":"by weakness"},{"surface":"δαμέντες","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰσανέβησαν","gloss":"broken"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b17-l321","source":"Ἀργεῖοι δέ κε κῦδος ἕλον καὶ ὑπὲρ Διὸς αἶσαν","translation":"while the Argives would have won glory even beyond the will of Zeus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕλον","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have won"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἶσαν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἶσαν","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"what is just"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b17-l322","source":"κάρτεϊ καὶ σθένεϊ σφετέρῳ· ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς Ἀπόλλων","translation":"by their own might and strength; but Apollo himself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάρτεϊ","lemma":"κάρτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένεϊ","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"σφετέρῳ","lemma":"σφέτερος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σθένεϊ","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b17-l323","source":"Αἰνείαν ὄτρυνε δέμας Περίφαντι ἐοικὼς","translation":"roused Aeneas, taking the form of Periphas,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐοικὼς","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"Περίφαντι","lemma":"Περίφας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Periphas"},{"surface":"ἐοικὼς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b17-l324","source":"κήρυκι Ἠπυτίδῃ, ὅς οἱ παρὰ πατρὶ γέροντι","translation":"the herald, son of Epytus, who beside Aeneas's aged father","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήρυκι","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"Ἠπυτίδῃ","lemma":"Ἠπυτίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Περίφαντι","gloss":"son of Epytus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γήρασκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"his father"},{"surface":"γέροντι","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"aged"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b17-l325","source":"κηρύσσων γήρασκε φίλα φρεσὶ μήδεα εἰδώς·","translation":"had grown old as herald, knowing counsels dear to his heart;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κηρύσσων","lemma":"κηρύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γήρασκε","gloss":"serving as herald"},{"surface":"γήρασκε","lemma":"γηράσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"had grown old"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μήδεα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰδώς","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μήδεα","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γήρασκε","gloss":"knowing"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b17-l326","source":"τῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσέφη Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"In his likeness Apollo, son of Zeus, addressed Aeneas:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐεισάμενος","gloss":"in his likeness"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐεισάμενος","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"taking his likeness"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b17-l327","source":"Αἰνεία πῶς ἂν καὶ ὑπὲρ θεὸν εἰρύσσαισθε","translation":"\"Aeneas, how could you save steep Ilion even against a god?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνεία","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰρύσσαισθε","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"εἰρύσσαισθε","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could save"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b17-l328","source":"Ἴλιον αἰπεινήν; ὡς δὴ ἴδον ἀνέρας ἄλλους","translation":"So I have seen other men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰρύσσαισθε","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"αἰπεινήν","lemma":"αἰπεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have seen"},{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρας","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b17-l329","source":"κάρτεΐ τε σθένεΐ τε πεποιθότας ἠνορέῃ τε","translation":"trusting in their might and strength and manhood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάρτεΐ","lemma":"κάρτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένεΐ","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"in might"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεποιθότας","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀνέρας","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"ἠνορέῃ","lemma":"ἠνορέη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"manhood"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b17-l330","source":"πλήθεΐ τε σφετέρῳ καὶ ὑπερδέα δῆμον ἔχοντας·","translation":"and in their own force, though the people they had were very few.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l330.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπερδέα δῆμον","title":"A very scanty people","body":"ὑπερδεής means very scanty or deficient in number. Apollo contrasts the small populations of other defenders with the strength and courage on which they relied."}],"words":[{"surface":"πλήθεΐ","lemma":"πλῆθος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφετέρῳ","lemma":"σφέτερος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πλήθεΐ","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὑπερδέα","lemma":"ὑπερδεής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"very few"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντας","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ἔχοντας","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀνέρας","gloss":"having"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b17-l331","source":"ἡμῖν δὲ Ζεὺς μὲν πολὺ βούλεται ἢ Δαναοῖσι","translation":"But Zeus wills victory far more for us than for the Danaans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of βούλεται","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βούλεται","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βούλεται","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"βούλεται","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the Danaans"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b17-l332","source":"νίκην· ἀλλʼ αὐτοὶ τρεῖτʼ ἄσπετον οὐδὲ μάχεσθε.","translation":"yet you yourselves flee endlessly and do not fight.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βούλεται","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourselves"},{"surface":"τρεῖτ","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"ἄσπετον","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τρεῖτ̓","gloss":"endlessly"},{"surface":"μάχεσθε","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b17-l333","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Αἰνείας δʼ ἑκατηβόλον Ἀπόλλωνα","translation":"So he spoke, and Aeneas knew far-shooting Apollo","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔγνω","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑκατηβόλον","lemma":"ἑκατηβόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνα","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνα","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔγνω","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b17-l334","source":"ἔγνω ἐς ἄντα ἰδών, μέγα δʼ Ἕκτορα εἶπε βοήσας·","translation":"when he looked straight at him, and he shouted loudly to Hector:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδών","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"ἰδών","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔγνω","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βοήσας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"βοήσας","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b17-l335","source":"Ἕκτόρ τʼ ἠδʼ ἄλλοι Τρώων ἀγοὶ ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων","translation":"\"Hector, and you other leaders of the Trojans and their allies,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτόρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγοὶ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγοὶ","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπικούρων","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b17-l336","source":"αἰδὼς μὲν νῦν ἥδε γʼ ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"shame upon us now if beneath the Achaeans dear to Ares","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l336.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰδὼς","title":"Shame as a summons","body":"αἰδώς can mean shame before others as well as reverence. Aeneas uses it as a goad: retreat would disgrace the Trojan and allied leaders before their own men."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδὼς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀρηϊφίλων","lemma":"ἀρηίφιλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b17-l337","source":"Ἴλιον εἰσαναβῆναι ἀναλκείῃσι δαμέντας.","translation":"we climb back into Ilion, beaten by our cowardice.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσαναβῆναι","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"εἰσαναβῆναι","lemma":"εἰσαναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"climb back"},{"surface":"ἀναλκείῃσι","lemma":"ἀνάλκεια","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δαμέντας","gloss":"by weakness"},{"surface":"δαμέντας","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰσαναβῆναι","gloss":"beaten"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b17-l338","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι γάρ τίς φησι θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγχι παραστὰς","translation":"For even now one of the gods, standing close beside me, says","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φησι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"φησι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"παραστὰς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φησι","gloss":"standing beside"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b17-l339","source":"Ζῆνʼ ὕπατον μήστωρα μάχης ἐπιτάρροθον εἶναι·","translation":"that Zeus, highest counselor, stands as our helper in battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l339.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ζῆνʼ ὕπατον μήστωρα","title":"Zeus, highest counselor","body":"ὕπατος marks Zeus as highest, while μήστωρ names him as a deviser or counselor. Aeneas reports Apollo's assurance; Zeus himself has not appeared beside him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζῆν","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὕπατον","lemma":"ὕπατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies μήστωρα","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"μήστωρα","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζῆν̓","gloss":"deviser"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπιτάρροθον","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐπιτάρροθον","lemma":"ἐπιτάρροθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"helper"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φησι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b17-l340","source":"τώ ῥʼ ἰθὺς Δαναῶν ἴομεν, μηδʼ οἵ γε ἕκηλοι","translation":"Therefore let us go straight at the Danaans, and may they not at ease","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight at"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἰθὺς","gloss":"at the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πελασαίατο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἕκηλοι","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b17-l341","source":"Πάτροκλον νηυσὶν πελασαίατο τεθνηῶτα.","translation":"bring dead Patroclus near the ships.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πελασαίατο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πελασαίατο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πελασαίατο","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might bring near"},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Πάτροκλον","gloss":"when dead"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b17-l342","source":"ὣς φάτο, καί ῥα πολὺ προμάχων ἐξάλμενος ἔστη·","translation":"So he spoke, and leaping far before the front fighters, he took his stand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐξάλμενος","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐξάλμενος","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"ἐξάλμενος","lemma":"ἐξάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"leaping out"},{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b17-l343","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐλελίχθησαν καὶ ἐναντίοι ἔσταν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"They wheeled about and stood facing the Achaeans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλελίχθησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλελίχθησαν","lemma":"ἐλελίζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wheeled about"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐναντίοι","lemma":"ἐναντίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"ἔσταν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐναντίοι","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b17-l344","source":"ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ Αἰνείας Λειώκριτον οὔτασε δουρὶ","translation":"Then Aeneas struck Leocritus with his spear,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Λειώκριτον","lemma":"Λειώκριτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Leocritus"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b17-l345","source":"υἱὸν Ἀρίσβαντος Λυκομήδεος ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον.","translation":"son of Arisbas, the loyal companion of Lycomedes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀρίσβαντος","lemma":"Ἀρίσβας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Arisbas"},{"surface":"Λυκομήδεος","lemma":"Λυκομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"Lycomedes"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b17-l346","source":"τὸν δὲ πεσόντʼ ἐλέησεν ἀρηΐφιλος Λυκομήδης,","translation":"Lycomedes, dear to Ares, pitied him as he fell,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλέησεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσόντ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἐλέησεν","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"ἀρηΐφιλος","lemma":"ἀρηίφιλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λυκομήδης","gloss":"dear to Ares"},{"surface":"Λυκομήδης","lemma":"Λυκομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλέησεν","gloss":"Lycomedes"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b17-l347","source":"στῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ἰών, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ,","translation":"he came and stood very near, then cast his shining spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰών","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"his spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b17-l348","source":"καὶ βάλεν Ἱππασίδην Ἀπισάονα ποιμένα λαῶν","translation":"and struck Apisaon, son of Hippasus, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Ἱππασίδην","lemma":"Ἱππασίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπισάονα","gloss":"son of Hippasus"},{"surface":"Ἀπισάονα","lemma":"Ἀπισάων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Apisaon"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b17-l349","source":"ἧπαρ ὑπὸ πραπίδων, εἶθαρ δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν,","translation":"in the liver below the midriff, and at once loosed his knees.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧπαρ","lemma":"ἧπαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"liver"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"πραπίδων","lemma":"πραπίδες","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"the midriff"},{"surface":"εἶθαρ","lemma":"εἶθαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλυσεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσεν","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔλυσεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b17-l350","source":"ὅς ῥʼ ἐκ Παιονίης ἐριβώλακος εἰληλούθει,","translation":"He had come from rich-soiled Paeonia,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Παιονίης","lemma":"Παίονες","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Paeonia"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλακος","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Παιονίης","gloss":"rich-soiled"},{"surface":"εἰληλούθει","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"had come"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b17-l351","source":"καὶ δὲ μετʼ Ἀστεροπαῖον ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι.","translation":"and after Asteropaeus he was foremost in battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἀστεροπαῖον","lemma":"Ἀστεροπαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"Asteropaeus"},{"surface":"ἀριστεύεσκε","lemma":"ἀριστεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"was ever foremost"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἀριστεύεσκε","gloss":"in battle"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b17-l352","source":"τὸν δὲ πεσόντʼ ἐλέησεν ἀρήϊος Ἀστεροπαῖος,","translation":"Warlike Asteropaeus pitied him as he fell,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλέησεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσόντ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἐλέησεν","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀστεροπαῖος","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"Ἀστεροπαῖος","lemma":"Ἀστεροπαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλέησεν","gloss":"Asteropaeus"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b17-l353","source":"ἴθυσεν δὲ καὶ ὃ πρόφρων Δαναοῖσι μάχεσθαι·","translation":"and he too charged eagerly forward to fight the Danaans;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴθυσεν","lemma":"ἰθύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴθυσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wholeheartedly"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἴθυσεν","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b17-l354","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ πως ἔτι εἶχε· σάκεσσι γὰρ ἔρχατο πάντῃ","translation":"but he could no longer do so, for they were fenced on every side with shields,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὔπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"οὔπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶχε","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶχε","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"εἶχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could do so"},{"surface":"σάκεσσι","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔρχατο","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔρχατο","lemma":"ἔργνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were fenced"},{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχατο","gloss":"everywhere"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b17-l355","source":"ἑσταότες περὶ Πατρόκλῳ, πρὸ δὲ δούρατʼ ἔχοντο.","translation":"standing around Patroclus, with their spears held out before them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότες","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχατο","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"forth"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δούρατ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντο","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἔχοντο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b17-l356","source":"Αἴας γὰρ μάλα πάντας ἐπῴχετο πολλὰ κελεύων·","translation":"For Ajax went among them all, laying many commands:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπῴχετο","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ranged"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κελεύων","gloss":"many commands"},{"surface":"κελεύων","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"urging"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b17-l357","source":"οὔτέ τινʼ ἐξοπίσω νεκροῦ χάζεσθαι ἀνώγει","translation":"he ordered no man to give ground behind the corpse","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἐξοπίσω","lemma":"ἐξοπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χάζεσθαι","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"νεκροῦ","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of χάζεσθαι","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"χάζεσθαι","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to give ground"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b17-l358","source":"οὔτέ τινα προμάχεσθαι Ἀχαιῶν ἔξοχον ἄλλων,","translation":"and no Achaean to fight out in front beyond the rest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"προμάχεσθαι","lemma":"προμάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to fight in front"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἔξοχον","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b17-l359","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ βεβάμεν, σχεδόθεν δὲ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"but to stand close around it and fight at close range.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"βεβάμεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"σχεδόθεν","lemma":"σχεδόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b17-l360","source":"ὣς Αἴας ἐπέτελλε πελώριος, αἵματι δὲ χθὼν","translation":"So huge Ajax commanded, and the earth","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλε","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave charge"},{"surface":"πελώριος","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δεύετο","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χθὼν","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δεύετο","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b17-l361","source":"δεύετο πορφυρέῳ, τοὶ δʼ ἀγχιστῖνοι ἔπιπτον","translation":"was drenched with dark-red blood; the dead fell thick together,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l361.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀγχιστῖνοι","title":"Falling thick together","body":"ἀγχιστῖνος describes bodies falling close upon one another. The word compresses the crowding of the corpse-fight into the very placement of its dead."}],"words":[{"surface":"δεύετο","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was drenched"},{"surface":"πορφυρέῳ","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἵματι","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies νεκροὶ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγχιστῖνοι","lemma":"ἀγχιστῖνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in heaps"},{"surface":"ἔπιπτον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b17-l362","source":"νεκροὶ ὁμοῦ Τρώων καὶ ὑπερμενέων ἐπικούρων","translation":"Trojans and their exceedingly mighty allies alike,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκροὶ","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπιπτον","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"ὁμοῦ","lemma":"ὁμοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπιπτον","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέων","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπικούρων","gloss":"exceedingly mighty"},{"surface":"ἐπικούρων","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b17-l363","source":"καὶ Δαναῶν· οὐδʼ οἳ γὰρ ἀναιμωτί γε μάχοντο,","translation":"and Danaans; for they too did not fight without blood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Danaans"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀναιμωτί","lemma":"ἀναιμωτί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"without bloodshed"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b17-l364","source":"παυρότεροι δὲ πολὺ φθίνυθον· μέμνηντο γὰρ αἰεὶ","translation":"but far fewer of them died, for they always remembered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παυρότεροι","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"subject of φθίνυθον","gloss":"fewer"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to παυρότεροι","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φθίνυθον","lemma":"φθινύθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were dying"},{"surface":"μέμνηντο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμνηντο","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b17-l365","source":"ἀλλήλοις ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἀλεξέμεναι φόνον αἰπύν.","translation":"to ward sheer death from one another through the throng.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλοις","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀλεξέμεναι","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀν̓","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἀλεξέμεναι","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μέμνηντο","gloss":"to ward"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλεξέμεναι","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"αἰπύν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φόνον","gloss":"sheer"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b17-l366","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο δέμας πυρός, οὐδέ κε φαίης","translation":"So they fought like fire itself; you would not have said","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάρναντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάρναντο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"πυρός","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies δέμας","gloss":"of fire"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φαίης","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b17-l367","source":"οὔτέ ποτʼ ἠέλιον σῶν ἔμμεναι οὔτε σελήνην·","translation":"that either sun or moon still remained unharmed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"σῶν","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φαίης","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"σελήνην","lemma":"σελήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"moon"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b17-l368","source":"ἠέρι γὰρ κατέχοντο μάχης ἐπί θʼ ὅσσον ἄριστοι","translation":"for mist held down all that part of the battle where the best","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέρι","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατέχοντο","gloss":"in mist"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατέχοντο","lemma":"κατέχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were shrouded"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὅσσον","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐπί","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπί","gloss":"all that part"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b17-l369","source":"ἕστασαν ἀμφὶ Μενοιτιάδῃ κατατεθνηῶτι.","translation":"stood around the dead son of Menoetius.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to κατέχοντο","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδῃ","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the son of Menoetius"},{"surface":"κατατεθνηῶτι","lemma":"καταθνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies Μενοιτιάδῃ","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b17-l370","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι Τρῶες καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"But the other Trojans and well-greaved Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b17-l371","source":"εὔκηλοι πολέμιζον ὑπʼ αἰθέρι, πέπτατο δʼ αὐγὴ","translation":"fought at ease under clear sky, and the sharp light","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔκηλοι","lemma":"εὔκηλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease"},{"surface":"πολέμιζον","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"αἰθέρι","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"the air"},{"surface":"πέπτατο","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐγὴ","lemma":"αὐγή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέπτατο","gloss":"gleam"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b17-l372","source":"ἠελίου ὀξεῖα, νέφος δʼ οὐ φαίνετο πάσης","translation":"of the sun spread out; no cloud showed over all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠελίου","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αὐγὴ","gloss":"of the sun"},{"surface":"ὀξεῖα","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αὐγὴ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φαίνετο","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b17-l373","source":"γαίης οὐδʼ ὀρέων· μεταπαυόμενοι δὲ μάχοντο","translation":"the earth or mountains. They fought with pauses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"μεταπαυόμενοι","lemma":"μεταπαύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"taking pauses"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b17-l374","source":"ἀλλήλων ἀλεείνοντες βέλεα στονόεντα","translation":"keeping clear of one another's grievous missiles","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βέλεα","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνοντες","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"avoiding"},{"surface":"βέλεα","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνοντες","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"στονόεντα","lemma":"στονόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλεα","gloss":"groan-bringing"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b17-l375","source":"πολλὸν ἀφεσταότες. τοὶ δʼ ἐν μέσῳ ἄλγεʼ ἔπασχον","translation":"and standing far apart. But those between them suffered pain","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀφεσταότες","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀφεσταότες","lemma":"ἀφίστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"standing apart"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπασχον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔπασχον","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ἔπασχον","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they endured"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b17-l376","source":"ἠέρι καὶ πολέμῳ, τείροντο δὲ νηλέϊ χαλκῷ","translation":"from mist and war, worn down by pitiless bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέρι","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in mist"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τείροντο","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were worn down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τείροντο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b17-l377","source":"ὅσσοι ἄριστοι ἔσαν· δύο δʼ οὔ πω φῶτε πεπύσθην","translation":"all who were best. Yet two renowned warriors had not learned the news,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of τείροντο","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies φῶτε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to πεπύσθην","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"φῶτε","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"πεπύσθην","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had learned"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b17-l378","source":"ἀνέρε κυδαλίμω Θρασυμήδης Ἀντίλοχός τε","translation":"Thrasymedes and Antilochus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρε","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κυδαλίμω","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρε","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Θρασυμήδης","lemma":"Θρασυμήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Thrasymedes"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχός","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b17-l379","source":"Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος ἀμύμονος, ἀλλʼ ἔτʼ ἔφαντο","translation":"that blameless Patroclus was dead; they still thought","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πεπύσθην","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fallen dead"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζωὸν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἔφαντο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"believed"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b17-l380","source":"ζωὸν ἐνὶ πρώτῳ ὁμάδῳ Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"he fought alive in the foremost Trojan tumult.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωὸν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πρώτῳ","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ὁμάδῳ","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ὁμάδῳ","lemma":"ὅμαδος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"mass"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔφαντο","gloss":"was fighting"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b17-l381","source":"τὼ δʼ ἐπιοσσομένω θάνατον καὶ φύζαν ἑταίρων","translation":"Watching for the death and rout of their comrades, the two","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμαρνάσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιοσσομένω","lemma":"ἐπιόσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμαρνάσθην","gloss":"watching for"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φύζαν","lemma":"φύζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"rout"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b17-l382","source":"νόσφιν ἐμαρνάσθην, ἐπεὶ ὣς ἐπετέλλετο Νέστωρ","translation":"fought apart, for so Nestor had commanded them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμαρνάσθην","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἐμαρνάσθην","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπετέλλετο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐπετέλλετο","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had commanded"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπετέλλετο","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b17-l383","source":"ὀτρύνων πόλεμον δὲ μελαινάων ἀπὸ νηῶν.","translation":"when he urged them into war from the black ships.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνων","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπετέλλετο","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνων","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μελαινάων","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b17-l384","source":"τοῖς δὲ πανημερίοις ἔριδος μέγα νεῖκος ὀρώρει","translation":"For them all day the great strife of harsh contention rose;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀρώρει","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πανημερίοις","lemma":"πανημέριος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all day long"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νεῖκος","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νεῖκος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b17-l385","source":"ἀργαλέης· καμάτῳ δὲ καὶ ἱδρῷ νωλεμὲς αἰεὶ","translation":"with toil and sweat, without cease,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργαλέης","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔριδος","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"καμάτῳ","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with weariness"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱδρῷ","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"νωλεμὲς","lemma":"νωλεμές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παλάσσετο","gloss":"without cease"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παλάσσετο","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b17-l386","source":"γούνατά τε κνῆμαί τε πόδες θʼ ὑπένερθεν ἑκάστου","translation":"the knees and shins and feet beneath each man,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γούνατά","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κνῆμαί","lemma":"κνήμη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"shins"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπένερθεν","lemma":"ὑπένερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies πόδες","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδες","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b17-l387","source":"χεῖρές τʼ ὀφθαλμοί τε παλάσσετο μαρναμένοιιν","translation":"and hands and eyes were fouled; fighting, the two sides","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρές","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοί","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παλάσσετο","lemma":"παλάσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were fouled"},{"surface":"μαρναμένοιιν","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to παλάσσετο","gloss":"fighting"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b17-l388","source":"ἀμφʼ ἀγαθὸν θεράποντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο.","translation":"surged around the good attendant of the swift-footed son of Aeacus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντα","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"θεράποντα","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ποδώκεος","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντα","gloss":"son of Aeacus"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b17-l389","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ ταύροιο βοὸς μεγάλοιο βοείην","translation":"As when a man gives the hide of a great bull","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δώῃ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δώῃ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ταύροιο","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βοὸς","gloss":"a bull"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βοείην","gloss":"ox"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"βοείην","lemma":"βοείη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"hide"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b17-l390","source":"λαοῖσιν δώῃ τανύειν μεθύουσαν ἀλοιφῇ·","translation":"to his men to stretch, soaked through with fat,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοῖσιν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"his men"},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"τανύειν","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"to stretch"},{"surface":"μεθύουσαν","lemma":"μεθύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies βοείην","gloss":"soaked"},{"surface":"ἀλοιφῇ","lemma":"ἀλοιφή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μεθύουσαν","gloss":"in fat"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b17-l391","source":"δεξάμενοι δʼ ἄρα τοί γε διαστάντες τανύουσι","translation":"and taking it, they stand apart and stretch it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξάμενοι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τανύουσι","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τανύουσι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"διαστάντες","lemma":"διίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τανύουσι","gloss":"standing apart"},{"surface":"τανύουσι","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"stretch"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b17-l392","source":"κυκλόσʼ, ἄφαρ δέ τε ἰκμὰς ἔβη, δύνει δέ τʼ ἀλοιφὴ","translation":"in a circle; at once its moisture goes and the fat sinks in","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κυκλόσ","lemma":"κυκλόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τανύουσι","gloss":"in a circle"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰκμὰς","lemma":"ἰκμάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"moisture"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"δύνει","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"sinks in"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλοιφὴ","lemma":"ἀλοιφή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δύνει","gloss":"fat"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b17-l393","source":"πολλῶν ἑλκόντων, τάνυται δέ τε πᾶσα διὰ πρό·","translation":"as many men pull, and the whole hide is stretched straight through —","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἑλκόντων","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἑλκόντων","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δύνει","gloss":"pulling"},{"surface":"τάνυται","lemma":"τάνυμαι","morphology":"present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"is stretched"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of τάνυται","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to τάνυται","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρό","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b17-l394","source":"ὣς οἵ γʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα νέκυν ὀλίγῃ ἐνὶ χώρῃ","translation":"so there, in a narrow space, both sides","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵλκεον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἵλκεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἵλκεον","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ὀλίγῃ","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χώρῃ","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χώρῃ","lemma":"χώρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"space"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b17-l395","source":"εἵλκεον ἀμφότεροι· μάλα δέ σφισιν ἔλπετο θυμὸς","translation":"dragged the corpse this way and that; their hearts strongly hoped,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλκεον","lemma":"ἑλκέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"ἀμφότεροι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἵ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλπετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b17-l396","source":"Τρωσὶν μὲν ἐρύειν προτὶ Ἴλιον, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοῖς","translation":"the Trojans to haul it toward Ilion, but the Achaeans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐρύειν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to drag"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b17-l397","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· περὶ δʼ αὐτοῦ μῶλος ὀρώρει","translation":"toward the hollow ships; around it rose a savage","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μῶλος","lemma":"μῶλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"struggle"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had arisen"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b17-l398","source":"ἄγριος· οὐδέ κʼ Ἄρης λαοσσόος οὐδέ κʼ Ἀθήνη","translation":"struggle. Neither Ares, rouser of hosts, nor Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγριος","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"λαοσσόος","lemma":"λαοσσόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"rouser of hosts"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀνόσαιτ̓","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b17-l399","source":"τόν γε ἰδοῦσʼ ὀνόσαιτʼ, οὐδʼ εἰ μάλα μιν χόλος ἵκοι·","translation":"would have scorned it at the sight, not even if wrath seized them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀνόσαιτ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἰδοῦσ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὀνόσαιτ̓","gloss":"having seen it"},{"surface":"ὀνόσαιτ","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would scorn"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκοι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκοι","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ἵκοι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"should seize"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b17-l400","source":"τοῖον Ζεὺς ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ ἀνδρῶν τε καὶ ἵππων","translation":"Such evil toil of men and horses Zeus stretched out","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of horses"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b17-l401","source":"ἤματι τῷ ἐτάνυσσε κακὸν πόνον· οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ τι","translation":"around Patroclus that day. And not yet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἐτάνυσσε","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνον","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ᾔδεε","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ᾔδεε","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b17-l402","source":"ᾔδεε Πάτροκλον τεθνηότα δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"did godlike Achilles know that Patroclus was dead,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾔδεε","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had known"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ᾔδεε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τεθνηότα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"was dead"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾔδεε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b17-l403","source":"πολλὸν γὰρ ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν μάρναντο θοάων","translation":"for they fought far from the swift ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"from the ships"},{"surface":"μάρναντο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"θοάων","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεῶν","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b17-l404","source":"τείχει ὕπο Τρώων· τό μιν οὔ ποτε ἔλπετο θυμῷ","translation":"beneath the Trojan wall. His heart never expected","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τείχει","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τείχει","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τεθνάμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"expected"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b17-l405","source":"τεθνάμεν, ἀλλὰ ζωὸν ἐνιχριμφθέντα πύλῃσιν","translation":"that Patroclus had died, but that he would come alive near the gates","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεθνάμεν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"to be dead"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ζωὸν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἐνιχριμφθέντα","lemma":"ἐγχρίμπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"having drawn near"},{"surface":"πύλῃσιν","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνιχριμφθέντα","gloss":"the gates"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b17-l406","source":"ἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τὸ ἔλπετο πάμπαν","translation":"and return again, since he had no sure hope","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀπονοστήσειν","lemma":"ἀπονοστέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"would return home"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b17-l407","source":"ἐκπέρσειν πτολίεθρον ἄνευ ἕθεν, οὐδὲ σὺν αὐτῷ·","translation":"that Patroclus would sack the citadel without him, or with him either;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκπέρσειν","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to sack"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσειν","gloss":"citadel"},{"surface":"ἄνευ","lemma":"ἄνευ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"ἕθεν","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄνευ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b17-l408","source":"πολλάκι γὰρ τό γε μητρὸς ἐπεύθετο νόσφιν ἀκούων,","translation":"for often, hearing alone, he had learned this from his mother,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλάκι","lemma":"πολλάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύθετο","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπεύθετο","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μητρὸς","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπεύθετο","gloss":"from his mother"},{"surface":"ἐπεύθετο","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had heard"},{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκούων","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἀκούων","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύθετο","gloss":"as he listened"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b17-l409","source":"ἥ οἱ ἀπαγγέλλεσκε Διὸς μεγάλοιο νόημα.","translation":"who would tell him the purpose of great Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπαγγέλλεσκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπαγγέλλεσκε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἀπαγγέλλεσκε","lemma":"ἀπαγγέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μητρὸς","gloss":"would tell"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόημα","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"νόημα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπαγγέλλεσκε","gloss":"design"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b17-l410","source":"δὴ τότε γʼ οὔ οἱ ἔειπε κακὸν τόσον ὅσσον ἐτύχθη","translation":"But this time his mother had not told him of an evil so great,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐτύχθη","gloss":"as great as"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόσον","gloss":"had befallen"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b17-l411","source":"μήτηρ, ὅττί ῥά οἱ πολὺ φίλτατος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος.","translation":"that the companion far dearest to him had perished.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φίλτατος","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φίλτατος","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φίλτατος","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ὤλεθ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅττί","gloss":"had perished"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤλεθ̓","gloss":"comrade"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b17-l412","source":"οἳ δʼ αἰεὶ περὶ νεκρὸν ἀκαχμένα δούρατʼ ἔχοντες","translation":"Still they pressed without cease around the corpse, holding pointed spears,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγχρίμπτοντο","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies περὶ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἀκαχμένα","lemma":"ἀκαχμένος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δούρατ̓","gloss":"sharpened"},{"surface":"δούρατ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b17-l413","source":"νωλεμὲς ἐγχρίμπτοντο καὶ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον·","translation":"and killed one another; and so one bronze-clad Achaean","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νωλεμὲς","lemma":"νωλεμές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγχρίμπτοντο","gloss":"without cease"},{"surface":"ἐγχρίμπτοντο","lemma":"ἐγχρίμπτω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed close"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐνάριζον","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἐνάριζον","lemma":"ἐναρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they kept killing"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b17-l414","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων·","translation":"would say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b17-l415","source":"ὦ φίλοι οὐ μὰν ἧμιν ἐϋκλεὲς ἀπονέεσθαι","translation":"\"Friends, it will bring us no glory to return","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἧμιν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"ἐϋκλεὲς","lemma":"εὐκλεής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἀπονέεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"return home"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b17-l416","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ γαῖα μέλαινα","translation":"to the hollow ships. Let the black earth here","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χάνοι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of χάνοι","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"μέλαινα","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b17-l417","source":"πᾶσι χάνοι· τό κεν ἧμιν ἄφαρ πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη","translation":"gape for us all; that would at once be far better","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to χάνοι","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"χάνοι","lemma":"χάσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might gape"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἧμιν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κέρδιον","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b17-l418","source":"εἰ τοῦτον Τρώεσσι μεθήσομεν ἱπποδάμοισιν","translation":"than if we yield this man to the horse-taming Trojans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of μεθήσομεν","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεθήσομεν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μεθήσομεν","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"we shall yield"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοισιν","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώεσσι","gloss":"horse-taming"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b17-l419","source":"ἄστυ πότι σφέτερον ἐρύσαι καὶ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι.","translation":"to drag toward their own city and carry off glory.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πότι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"πότι","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"σφέτερον","lemma":"σφέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to pull"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρέσθαι","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀρέσθαι","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"win"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b17-l420","source":"ὣς δέ τις αὖ Τρώων μεγαθύμων αὐδήσασκεν·","translation":"And so in turn one of the great-hearted Trojans would cry:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αὐδήσασκεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of αὐδήσασκεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμων","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"αὐδήσασκεν","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to cry"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b17-l421","source":"ὦ φίλοι, εἰ καὶ μοῖρα παρʼ ἀνέρι τῷδε δαμῆναι","translation":"\"Friends, though it is our fate to be slain beside this man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l421.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰ καὶ μοῖρα","title":"Even if fate requires it","body":"εἰ καί introduces a concession: even if it is fated that all of them die beside the corpse. The Trojan speaker does not predict victory; he demands that no one withdraw despite the cost."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἀνέρι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"τῷδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνέρι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δαμῆναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to be slain"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b17-l422","source":"πάντας ὁμῶς, μή πώ τις ἐρωείτω πολέμοιο.","translation":"all alike, let no man yet draw back from war.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δαμῆναι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαμῆναι","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"let not"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐρωείτω","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρωείτω","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐρωείτω","lemma":"ἐρωέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"draw back"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρωείτω","gloss":"from war"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b17-l423","source":"ὣς ἄρα τις εἴπεσκε, μένος δʼ ὄρσασκεν ἑκάστου.","translation":"So one would speak, and rouse the strength of every man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκε","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄρσασκεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρσασκεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would rouse"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"each man's"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b17-l424","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο, σιδήρειος δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς","translation":"So they fought, and the iron din","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάρναντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάρναντο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"σιδήρειος","lemma":"σιδήρεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρυμαγδὸς","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδὸς","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἷκε","gloss":"din"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b17-l425","source":"χάλκεον οὐρανὸν ἷκε διʼ αἰθέρος ἀτρυγέτοιο·","translation":"rose through the barren air to the bronze heaven.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἷκε","gloss":"to the sky"},{"surface":"ἷκε","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went up"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"αἰθέρος","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δἰ","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"ἀτρυγέτοιο","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰθέρος","gloss":"barren"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b17-l426","source":"ἵπποι δʼ Αἰακίδαο μάχης ἀπάνευθεν ἐόντες","translation":"But the horses of the son of Aeacus, apart from the battle,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κλαῖον","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"of Aeacus's son"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθεν","gloss":"from battle"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθεν","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κλαῖον","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b17-l427","source":"κλαῖον, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα πυθέσθην ἡνιόχοιο","translation":"wept from the moment they learned that their charioteer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖον","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were weeping"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to πυθέσθην","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πυθέσθην","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they two learned"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχοιο","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πεσόντος","gloss":"charioteer"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b17-l428","source":"ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο.","translation":"had fallen in the dust beneath man-slaying Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"πεσόντος","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of πυθέσθην","gloss":"had fallen"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑφ̓","gloss":"by Hector"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνοιο","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"man-slaying"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b17-l429","source":"ἦ μὰν Αὐτομέδων Διώρεος ἄλκιμος υἱὸς","translation":"Indeed Automedon, the valiant son of Diores,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"Διώρεος","lemma":"Διώρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Diores"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b17-l430","source":"πολλὰ μὲν ἂρ μάστιγι θοῇ ἐπεμαίετο θείνων,","translation":"often lunged at them, striking with the swift whip,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμαίετο","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάστιγι","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμαίετο","gloss":"with a whip"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάστιγι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπεμαίετο","lemma":"ἐπιμαίομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lunged at them"},{"surface":"θείνων","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμαίετο","gloss":"striking"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b17-l431","source":"πολλὰ δὲ μειλιχίοισι προσηύδα, πολλὰ δʼ ἀρειῇ·","translation":"often addressed them with coaxing words and often with threats;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μειλιχίοισι","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"with coaxing words"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"many times"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρειῇ","lemma":"ἀρειά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with threats"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b17-l432","source":"τὼ δʼ οὔτʼ ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἐπὶ πλατὺν Ἑλλήσποντον","translation":"but the two would neither go back to the ships on the broad Hellespont","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l432.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ δʼ οὔτʼ","title":"The two horses","body":"The dual pronoun τώ marks exactly two horses. They are Xanthus and Balius, the surviving immortal pair, not a three-horse team including the dead Pedasus."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠθελέτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πλατὺν","lemma":"πλατύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλλήσποντον","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"Ἑλλήσποντον","lemma":"Ἑλλήσποντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Hellespont"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b17-l433","source":"ἠθελέτην ἰέναι οὔτʼ ἐς πόλεμον μετʼ Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"nor go into war among the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠθελέτην","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were willing"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b17-l434","source":"ἀλλʼ ὥς τε στήλη μένει ἔμπεδον, ἥ τʼ ἐπὶ τύμβῳ","translation":"but as a grave-marker stands fixed upon the mound","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένει","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήλη","lemma":"στήλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μένει","gloss":"marker"},{"surface":"μένει","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μένει","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑστήκῃ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"τύμβῳ","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"mound"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b17-l435","source":"ἀνέρος ἑστήκῃ τεθνηότος ἠὲ γυναικός,","translation":"of a dead man or woman,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἑστήκῃ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing στήλη","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"τεθνηότος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνέρος","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"γυναικός","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"a woman"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b17-l436","source":"ὣς μένον ἀσφαλέως περικαλλέα δίφρον ἔχοντες","translation":"so they stood immovable, holding the beautiful chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l436.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὣς μένον ἀσφαλέως","title":"Still as a grave-marker","body":"The horses' stillness continues the comparison to a stone marker fixed over a grave in the preceding lines. The image turns their refusal to move into an act of mourning before their tears are described."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἀσφαλέως","lemma":"ἀσφαλής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"immovably"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρον","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b17-l437","source":"οὔδει ἐνισκίμψαντε καρήατα· δάκρυα δέ σφι","translation":"their heads bowed to the ground; from their eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔδει","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνισκίμψαντε","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἐνισκίμψαντε","lemma":"ἐνσκίμπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"having bowed"},{"surface":"καρήατα","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνισκίμψαντε","gloss":"their heads"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ῥέε","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ῥέε","gloss":"their"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b17-l438","source":"θερμὰ κατὰ βλεφάρων χαμάδις ῥέε μυρομένοισιν","translation":"hot tears ran down to earth as they mourned","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θερμὰ","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυα","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"βλεφάρων","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"their eyelids"},{"surface":"χαμάδις","lemma":"χαμάδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ῥέε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"ῥέε","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"μυρομένοισιν","lemma":"μύρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b17-l439","source":"ἡνιόχοιο πόθῳ· θαλερὴ δʼ ἐμιαίνετο χαίτη","translation":"in longing for their charioteer; their thick manes were fouled,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡνιόχοιο","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόθῳ","gloss":"their charioteer"},{"surface":"πόθῳ","lemma":"πόθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μυρομένοισιν","gloss":"in longing"},{"surface":"θαλερὴ","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χαίτη","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμιαίνετο","lemma":"μιαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stained"},{"surface":"χαίτη","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐμιαίνετο","gloss":"mane"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b17-l440","source":"ζεύγλης ἐξεριποῦσα παρὰ ζυγὸν ἀμφοτέρωθεν.","translation":"streaming from the yoke-pad beside the yoke on either side.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζεύγλης","lemma":"ζεύγλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξεριποῦσα","gloss":"from the yoke-pad"},{"surface":"ἐξεριποῦσα","lemma":"ἐξερείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐμιαίνετο","gloss":"streaming down"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξεριποῦσα","gloss":"on either side"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b17-l441","source":"μυρομένω δʼ ἄρα τώ γε ἰδὼν ἐλέησε Κρονίων,","translation":"The son of Cronos saw the two mourning and pitied them;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρομένω","lemma":"μύρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"modifies τώ","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλέησε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλέησε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἐλέησε","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλέησε","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b17-l442","source":"κινήσας δὲ κάρη προτὶ ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν·","translation":"he shook his head and spoke to his own heart:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κινήσας","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μυθήσατο","gloss":"having shaken"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κινήσας","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μυθήσατο","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b17-l443","source":"ἆ δειλώ, τί σφῶϊ δόμεν Πηλῆϊ ἄνακτι","translation":"\"Poor creatures, why did we give you to lord Peleus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"δειλώ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"vocative dual masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"poor creatures"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δόμεν","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"σφῶϊ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόμεν","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"δόμεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did we give"},{"surface":"Πηλῆϊ","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόμεν","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλῆϊ","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b17-l444","source":"θνητῷ, ὑμεῖς δʼ ἐστὸν ἀγήρω τʼ ἀθανάτω τε;","translation":"a mortal, while you are ageless and immortal?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l444.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀγήρω τʼ ἀθανάτω τε","title":"Ageless and immortal","body":"Both adjectives are dual and apply to the two horses: they neither age nor die. Zeus contrasts their divine nature with Peleus's mortality and the pain they now share with mortals."}],"words":[{"surface":"θνητῷ","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλῆϊ","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὸν","gloss":"you yourselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐστὸν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἀγήρω","lemma":"ἀγήραος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ageless"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτω","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b17-l445","source":"ἦ ἵνα δυστήνοισι μετʼ ἀνδράσιν ἄλγεʼ ἔχητον;","translation":"Was it so that among wretched men you too should have grief?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"was it"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"δυστήνοισι","lemma":"δύστηνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσιν","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχητον","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ἔχητον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might have"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b17-l446","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τί πού ἐστιν ὀϊζυρώτερον ἀνδρὸς","translation":"For surely there is nothing more miserable than man","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ὀϊζυρώτερον","lemma":"ὀιζυρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more miserable"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὀϊζυρώτερον","gloss":"than man"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b17-l447","source":"πάντων, ὅσσά τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει τε καὶ ἕρπει.","translation":"among all things that breathe and crawl upon the earth.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τί","gloss":"of all things"},{"surface":"ὅσσά","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πνείει","lemma":"πνέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"breathes"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕρπει","lemma":"ἕρπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"crawls"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b17-l448","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐ μὰν ὑμῖν γε καὶ ἅρμασι δαιδαλέοισιν","translation":"But Hector, son of Priam, shall never ride","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"by you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρμασι","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"δαιδαλέοισιν","lemma":"δαιδάλεος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμασι","gloss":"richly wrought"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b17-l449","source":"Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης ἐποχήσεται· οὐ γὰρ ἐάσω.","translation":"upon you and your cunningly wrought chariot; I will not allow it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐποχήσεται","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"ἐποχήσεται","lemma":"ἐποχέομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall mount"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐάσω","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"allow"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b17-l450","source":"ἦ οὐχ ἅλις ὡς καὶ τεύχεʼ ἔχει καὶ ἐπεύχεται αὔτως;","translation":"Is it not enough that he holds the armor and boasts in vain?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"is it"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεύχεται","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"boasts"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύχεται","gloss":"in vain"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b17-l451","source":"σφῶϊν δʼ ἐν γούνεσσι βαλῶ μένος ἠδʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ,","translation":"I shall put strength into the knees and hearts of you two,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to βαλῶ","gloss":"for you two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γούνεσσι","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"βαλῶ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall put"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βαλῶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b17-l452","source":"ὄφρα καὶ Αὐτομέδοντα σαώσετον ἐκ πολέμοιο","translation":"so that you may bring Automedon safely out of battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδοντα","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σαώσετον","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"σαώσετον","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may save"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b17-l453","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· ἔτι γάρ σφισι κῦδος ὀρέξω","translation":"to the hollow ships. For still I shall grant the Trojans glory","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρέξω","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφισι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀρέξω","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀρέξω","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀρέξω","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall grant"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b17-l454","source":"κτείνειν, εἰς ὅ κε νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀφίκωνται","translation":"to kill until they reach the well-benched ships","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτείνειν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀρέξω","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκωνται","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμους","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"ἀφίκωνται","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"they reach"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b17-l455","source":"δύῃ τʼ ἠέλιος καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἱερὸν ἔλθῃ·","translation":"and the sun goes down and sacred darkness comes on.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύῃ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"goes down"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύῃ","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"κνέφας","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃ","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κνέφας","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"comes on"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b17-l456","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἵπποισιν ἐνέπνευσεν μένος ἠΰ.","translation":"So speaking, he breathed good strength into the horses.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνέπνευσεν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἵπποισιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνέπνευσεν","gloss":"into the horses"},{"surface":"ἐνέπνευσεν","lemma":"ἐμπνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"breathed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνέπνευσεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἠΰ","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b17-l457","source":"τὼ δʼ ἀπὸ χαιτάων κονίην οὖδας δὲ βαλόντε","translation":"The two shook the dust from their manes to the ground","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χαιτάων","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"their manes"},{"surface":"κονίην","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βαλόντε","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"οὖδας","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βαλόντε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βαλόντε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"having shaken"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b17-l458","source":"ῥίμφα φέρον θοὸν ἅρμα μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"and swiftly bore the racing chariot among Trojans and Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"θοὸν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἅρμα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b17-l459","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Αὐτομέδων μάχετʼ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑταίρου","translation":"Upon it Automedon fought, though grieving for his companion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μάχετ̓","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon it"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μάχετ̓","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"μάχετ","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενός","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχετ̓","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀχνύμενός","gloss":"his companion"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b17-l460","source":"ἵπποις ἀΐσσων ὥς τʼ αἰγυπιὸς μετὰ χῆνας·","translation":"darting with his horses like a vulture among geese;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l460.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὥς τʼ αἰγυπιὸς μετὰ χῆνας","title":"A vulture among geese","body":"Automedon drives in and out of the Trojan mass as a vulture darts among geese. The comparison describes his movement and pursuit, not a successful kill."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποις","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀΐσσων","gloss":"with his horses"},{"surface":"ἀΐσσων","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχετ̓","gloss":"rushing"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"αἰγυπιὸς","lemma":"αἰγυπιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"vulture"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"χῆνας","lemma":"χήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"geese"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b17-l461","source":"ῥέα μὲν γὰρ φεύγεσκεν ὑπʼ ἐκ Τρώων ὀρυμαγδοῦ,","translation":"for easily he would flee out from under the Trojan din,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥέα","lemma":"ῥέα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φεύγεσκεν","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φεύγεσκεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would flee"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from under"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out from"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀρυμαγδοῦ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδοῦ","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"battle-din"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b17-l462","source":"ῥεῖα δʼ ἐπαΐξασκε πολὺν καθʼ ὅμιλον ὀπάζων.","translation":"and easily charge back through the great throng in pursuit.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπαΐξασκε","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξασκε","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would charge"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καθ̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ὀπάζων","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπαΐξασκε","gloss":"pursuing"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b17-l463","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐχ ᾕρει φῶτας ὅτε σεύαιτο διώκειν·","translation":"But he killed no men when he rushed to chase them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ᾕρει","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"φῶτας","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ᾕρει","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σεύαιτο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σεύαιτο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ᾕρει","gloss":"would rush"},{"surface":"διώκειν","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of σεύαιτο","gloss":"to pursue"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b17-l464","source":"οὐ γάρ πως ἦν οἶον ἐόνθʼ ἱερῷ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ","translation":"for there was no way, alone in the sacred chariot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὔπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"οὔπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was possible"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐόνθ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἱερῷ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρῳ","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δίφρῳ","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b17-l465","source":"ἔγχει ἐφορμᾶσθαι καὶ ἐπίσχειν ὠκέας ἵππους.","translation":"both to press with the spear and hold the swift horses in check.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχει","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφορμᾶσθαι","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"ἐφορμᾶσθαι","lemma":"ἐφορμάω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to attack"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίσχειν","lemma":"ἐπίσχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to hold in check"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπίσχειν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b17-l466","source":"ὀψὲ δὲ δή μιν ἑταῖρος ἀνὴρ ἴδεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","translation":"At last a companion saw him with his own eyes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀψὲ","lemma":"ὀψέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"comrade"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"with his eyes"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b17-l467","source":"Ἀλκιμέδων υἱὸς Λαέρκεος Αἱμονίδαο·","translation":"Alcimedon, son of Laerces, son of Haemon;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκιμέδων","lemma":"Ἀλκιμέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Alcimedon"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Λαέρκεος","lemma":"Λαέρκης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Laerces"},{"surface":"Αἱμονίδαο","lemma":"Αἱμονίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαέρκεος","gloss":"son of Haemon"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b17-l468","source":"στῆ δʼ ὄπιθεν δίφροιο καὶ Αὐτομέδοντα προσηύδα·","translation":"he stood behind the chariot and addressed Automedon:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"δίφροιο","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄπιθεν","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδοντα","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b17-l469","source":"Αὐτόμεδον, τίς τοί νυ θεῶν νηκερδέα βουλὴν","translation":"\"Automedon, which of the gods has put a profitless plan","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αὐτόμεδον","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"νηκερδέα","lemma":"νηκερδής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλὴν","gloss":"profitless"},{"surface":"βουλὴν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b17-l470","source":"ἐν στήθεσσιν ἔθηκε, καὶ ἐξέλετο φρένας ἐσθλάς;","translation":"in your breast and taken away your good sense?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"your breast"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξέλετο","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took away"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξέλετο","gloss":"good sense"},{"surface":"ἐσθλάς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b17-l471","source":"οἷον πρὸς Τρῶας μάχεαι πρώτῳ ἐν ὁμίλῳ","translation":"See how you fight the Trojans in the foremost throng,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μάχεαι","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μάχεαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you fight"},{"surface":"πρώτῳ","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ὁμίλῳ","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὁμίλῳ","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"throng"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b17-l472","source":"μοῦνος· ἀτάρ τοι ἑταῖρος ἀπέκτατο, τεύχεα δʼ Ἕκτωρ","translation":"alone. Your companion has been killed, while Hector","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῦνος","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἀτάρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀπέκτατο","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέκτατο","gloss":"comrade"},{"surface":"ἀπέκτατο","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was killed"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγάλλεται","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b17-l473","source":"αὐτὸς ἔχων ὤμοισιν ἀγάλλεται Αἰακίδαο.","translation":"himself exults with the armor of the son of Aeacus upon his shoulders.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγάλλεται","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχων","gloss":"on his shoulders"},{"surface":"ἀγάλλεται","lemma":"ἀγάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"exults"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"of Aeacus's son"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b17-l474","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Αὐτομέδων προσέφη Διώρεος υἱός·","translation":"Then Automedon, son of Diores, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Διώρεος","lemma":"Διώρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"Diores"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b17-l475","source":"Ἀλκίμεδον τίς γάρ τοι Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλος ὁμοῖος","translation":"\"Alcimedon, what other Achaean is your equal","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκίμεδον","lemma":"Ἀλκιμέδων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Alcimedon"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖος","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b17-l476","source":"ἵππων ἀθανάτων ἐχέμεν δμῆσίν τε μένος τε,","translation":"in holding the immortal horses and mastering their strength,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l476.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἵππων ἀθανάτων","title":"Immortal horses","body":"The adjective directly identifies the horses Alcimedon will control as immortal. In this scene the surviving team is Xanthus and Balius; Pedasus was mortal and is already dead."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δμῆσίν","gloss":"of horses"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"ἐχέμεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὁμοῖος","gloss":"to hold"},{"surface":"δμῆσίν","lemma":"δμῆσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"control"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b17-l477","source":"εἰ μὴ Πάτροκλος θεόφιν μήστωρ ἀτάλαντος","translation":"except Patroclus, a counselor equal to the gods,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"θεόφιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"μήστωρ","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μήστωρ","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b17-l478","source":"ζωὸς ἐών; νῦν αὖ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κιχάνει.","translation":"while he lived? Now death and fate have overtaken him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωὸς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιχάνει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"κιχάνει","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has overtaken"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b17-l479","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα","translation":"But take the whip and the shining reins,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέξαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάστιγα","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the reins"},{"surface":"σιγαλόεντα","lemma":"σιγαλόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἡνία","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b17-l480","source":"δέξαι, ἐγὼ δʼ ἵππων ἀποβήσομαι, ὄφρα μάχωμαι.","translation":"and I shall dismount from the horses so that I may fight.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δέξαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποβήσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποβήσομαι","gloss":"from the horses"},{"surface":"ἀποβήσομαι","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall dismount"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μάχωμαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may fight"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b17-l481","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀλκιμέδων δὲ βοηθόον ἅρμʼ ἐπορούσας","translation":"So he spoke, and Alcimedon sprang upon the war-helping chariot","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀλκιμέδων","lemma":"Ἀλκιμέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάζετο","gloss":"Alcimedon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοηθόον","lemma":"βοηθόος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμ̓","gloss":"war-helping"},{"surface":"ἅρμ","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπορούσας","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἐπορούσας","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάζετο","gloss":"having sprung upon"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b17-l482","source":"καρπαλίμως μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία λάζετο χερσίν,","translation":"and swiftly took whip and reins in his hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάζετο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"μάστιγα","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the reins"},{"surface":"λάζετο","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λάζετο","gloss":"with his hands"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b17-l483","source":"Αὐτομέδων δʼ ἀπόρουσε· νόησε δὲ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ,","translation":"while Automedon leapt down. Glorious Hector saw it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόρουσε","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπόρουσε","lemma":"ἀπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang down"},{"surface":"νόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νόησε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b17-l484","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ Αἰνείαν προσεφώνεεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα·","translation":"and at once called to Aeneas, who stood near:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called to"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Αἰνείαν","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b17-l485","source":"Αἰνεία Τρώων βουληφόρε χαλκοχιτώνων","translation":"\"Aeneas, counselor of the bronze-clad Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνεία","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βουληφόρε","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"βουληφόρε","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰνεία","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b17-l486","source":"ἵππω τώδʼ ἐνόησα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο","translation":"I see here the two horses of the swift-footed son of Aeacus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππω","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνόησα","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τώδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵππω","gloss":"these two"},{"surface":"ἐνόησα","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have seen"},{"surface":"ποδώκεος","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππω","gloss":"son of Aeacus"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b17-l487","source":"ἐς πόλεμον προφανέντε σὺν ἡνιόχοισι κακοῖσι·","translation":"come forth into battle with worthless charioteers.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"προφανέντε","lemma":"προφαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"come forth"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχοισι","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"charioteers"},{"surface":"κακοῖσι","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡνιόχοισι","gloss":"worthless"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b17-l488","source":"τώ κεν ἐελποίμην αἱρησέμεν, εἰ σύ γε θυμῷ","translation":"I would hope that we might take them, if your own heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἱρησέμεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐελποίμην","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would hope"},{"surface":"αἱρησέμεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐελποίμην","gloss":"to capture"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλεις","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b17-l489","source":"σῷ ἐθέλεις, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐφορμηθέντε γε νῶϊ","translation":"is willing, since if we charge together, the two of them would not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐφορμηθέντε","lemma":"ἐφορμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"once we attack"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of τλαῖεν","gloss":"we two"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b17-l490","source":"τλαῖεν ἐναντίβιον στάντες μαχέσασθαι Ἄρηϊ.","translation":"dare stand against us and fight face to face in war.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τλαῖεν","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"would dare"},{"surface":"ἐναντίβιον","lemma":"ἐναντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στάντες","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"στάντες","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τλαῖεν","gloss":"having stood"},{"surface":"μαχέσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to στάντες","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μαχέσασθαι","gloss":"in battle"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b17-l491","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησεν ἐῢς πάϊς Ἀγχίσαο.","translation":"So he spoke, and the noble son of Anchises did not disobey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησεν","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"disobeyed"},{"surface":"ἐῢς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησεν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀγχίσαο","lemma":"Ἀγχίσης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Anchises"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b17-l492","source":"τὼ δʼ ἰθὺς βήτην βοέῃς εἰλυμένω ὤμους","translation":"The two went straight forward, their shoulders wrapped in oxhides","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βήτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βήτην","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"βήτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"βοέῃς","lemma":"βοείη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰλυμένω","gloss":"oxhides"},{"surface":"εἰλυμένω","lemma":"εἰλύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βήτην","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"ὤμους","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰλυμένω","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b17-l493","source":"αὔῃσι στερεῇσι· πολὺς δʼ ἐπελήλατο χαλκός.","translation":"dry and tough, with much bronze hammered over them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l493.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αὔῃσι στερεῇσι","title":"Tough oxhide shields","body":"Hector and Aeneas advance with their shoulders covered by the dry, rigid oxhides named across the line break, overlaid here with bronze. The dual forms in the preceding line keep both men as the shield-bearing subjects."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὔῃσι","lemma":"αὖος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοέῃς","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"στερεῇσι","lemma":"στερεός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοέῃς","gloss":"tough"},{"surface":"πολὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκός","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπελήλατο","lemma":"ἐπελαύνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been driven"},{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπελήλατο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b17-l494","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἅμα Χρομίος τε καὶ Ἄρητος θεοειδὴς","translation":"With them went Chromius and godlike Aretus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Χρομίος","lemma":"Χρομίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Chromius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄρητος","lemma":"Ἄρητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Aretus"},{"surface":"θεοειδὴς","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρητος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b17-l495","source":"ἤϊσαν ἀμφότεροι· μάλα δέ σφισιν ἔλπετο θυμὸς","translation":"both together; and their hearts strongly hoped","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἀμφότεροι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλπετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b17-l496","source":"αὐτώ τε κτενέειν ἐλάαν τʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους","translation":"to kill the two men and drive off the high-necked horses —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτώ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of κτενέειν","gloss":"the two men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτενέειν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"ἐλάαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐριαύχενας","lemma":"ἐριαύχην","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"high-necked"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλάαν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b17-l497","source":"νήπιοι, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἀναιμωτί γε νέεσθαι","translation":"fools, for they were not fated to return without blood","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιοι","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fools"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were destined"},{"surface":"ἀναιμωτί","lemma":"ἀναιμωτί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νέεσθαι","gloss":"without bloodshed"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b17-l498","source":"αὖτις ἀπʼ Αὐτομέδοντος. ὃ δʼ εὐξάμενος Διὶ πατρὶ","translation":"from Automedon. He prayed to father Zeus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νέεσθαι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδοντος","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πλῆτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐξάμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πλῆτο","gloss":"having prayed"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὐξάμενος","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b17-l499","source":"ἀλκῆς καὶ σθένεος πλῆτο φρένας ἀμφὶ μελαίνας·","translation":"and filled the dark heart within him with valor and strength.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένεος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"πλῆτο","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"μελαίνας","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b17-l500","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ Ἀλκιμέδοντα προσηύδα πιστὸν ἑταῖρον·","translation":"At once he addressed Alcimedon, his trusted companion:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλκιμέδοντα","lemma":"Ἀλκιμέδων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Alcimedon"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πιστὸν","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b17-l501","source":"Ἀλκίμεδον μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους,","translation":"\"Alcimedon, do not hold the horses far from me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκίμεδον","lemma":"Ἀλκιμέδων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Alcimedon"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἰσχέμεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἀπόπροθεν","lemma":"ἀπόπροθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰσχέμεν","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἰσχέμεν","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἰσχέμεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b17-l502","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐμπνείοντε μεταφρένῳ· οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγε","translation":"but keep them breathing hard upon my back. For I do not think","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"ἐμπνείοντε","lemma":"ἐμπνέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"breathing"},{"surface":"μεταφρένῳ","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμπνείοντε","gloss":"on my back"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀΐω","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b17-l503","source":"Ἕκτορα Πριαμίδην μένεος σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω,","translation":"Hector, son of Priam, will hold back from his fury","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l503.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ἕκτορα Πριαμίδην μένεος σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω","title":"I do not think Hector will stop","body":"With the negation carried from the preceding line, ὀΐω governs Hector as the accusative subject of the future infinitive σχήσεσθαι. Automedon predicts Hector's continued attack; he does not say that Hector has already seized the team."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σχήσεσθαι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδην","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"μένεος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of σχήσεσθαι","gloss":"from his fury"},{"surface":"σχήσεσθαι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will restrain himself"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b17-l504","source":"πρίν γʼ ἐπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος καλλίτριχε βήμεναι ἵππω","translation":"until he mounts Achilles' lovely-maned horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππω","gloss":"of Achilles"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχε","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππω","gloss":"lovely-maned"},{"surface":"βήμεναι","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"to mount"},{"surface":"ἵππω","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b17-l505","source":"νῶϊ κατακτείναντα, φοβῆσαί τε στίχας ἀνδρῶν","translation":"after killing us two, and routs the ranks","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l505.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νῶϊ κατακτείναντα","title":"Killing the two of us","body":"νῶϊ is the first-person dual pronoun: us two. Automedon means himself and Alcimedon, whose new division of driver and fighter now makes them a paired chariot team."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατακτείναντα","gloss":"us two"},{"surface":"κατακτείναντα","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βήμεναι","gloss":"after killing"},{"surface":"φοβῆσαί","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"to rout"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of φοβῆσαί","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b17-l506","source":"Ἀργείων, ἤ κʼ αὐτὸς ἐνὶ πρώτοισιν ἁλοίη.","translation":"of the Argives — or he himself is taken among the foremost.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πρώτοισιν","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the front ranks"},{"surface":"ἁλοίη","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤ","gloss":"might be taken"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b17-l507","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν Αἴαντε καλέσσατο καὶ Μενέλαον·","translation":"So he spoke, and called to the two Ajaxes and Menelaus:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l507.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Αἴαντε","title":"The two Ajaxes","body":"Αἴαντε is dual: Automedon calls both Ajax, son of Telamon, and Ajax, son of Oileus. The form itself marks the pair."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καλέσσατο","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ajaxes"},{"surface":"καλέσσατο","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b17-l508","source":"Αἴαντʼ Ἀργείων ἡγήτορε καὶ Μενέλαε","translation":"\"You two Ajaxes, leaders of the Argives, and Menelaus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντ","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative dual masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"two Ajaxes"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡγήτορε","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορε","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative dual masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"two leaders"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b17-l509","source":"ἤτοι μὲν τὸν νεκρὸν ἐπιτράπεθʼ οἵ περ ἄριστοι","translation":"leave the corpse to those who are best","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies νεκρὸν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιτράπεθ̓","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἐπιτράπεθ","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entrust"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b17-l510","source":"ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ βεβάμεν καὶ ἀμύνεσθαι στίχας ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"at standing around it and beating back the ranks of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"βεβάμεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύνεσθαι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to beat back"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνεσθαι","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b17-l511","source":"νῶϊν δὲ ζωοῖσιν ἀμύνετε νηλεὲς ἦμαρ·","translation":"and from the two of us, still alive, ward off the pitiless day.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l511.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νῶϊν","title":"Of us two","body":"νῶϊν is the first-person dual pronoun, referring exactly to Automedon and Alcimedon. English must spell out the pair as \"the two of us.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμύνετε","gloss":"from us two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζωοῖσιν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῶϊν","gloss":"while alive"},{"surface":"ἀμύνετε","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ward off"},{"surface":"νηλεὲς","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμύνετε","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b17-l512","source":"τῇδε γὰρ ἔβρισαν πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα","translation":"For this way, through tearful war, they have borne down hard,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇδε","lemma":"τῇδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβρισαν","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔβρισαν","lemma":"βρίθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have pressed hard"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δακρυόεντα","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"tearful"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b17-l513","source":"Ἕκτωρ Αἰνείας θʼ, οἳ Τρώων εἰσὶν ἄριστοι.","translation":"Hector and Aeneas, who are the best of the Trojans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσὶν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"εἰσὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θ̓","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b17-l514","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται·","translation":"Yet these things lie upon the knees of the gods.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γούνασι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γούνασι","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b17-l515","source":"ἥσω γὰρ καὶ ἐγώ, τὰ δέ κεν Διὶ πάντα μελήσει.","translation":"I too will cast, and Zeus shall care for all the rest.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥσω","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall cast"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἥσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of μελήσει","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μελήσει","gloss":"for Zeus"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μελήσει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will concern"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b17-l516","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,","translation":"So he spoke, and poising it, hurled his long-shadowed spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"so he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so, indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμπεπαλὼν","lemma":"ἀναπάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"having poised it"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b17-l517","source":"καὶ βάλεν Ἀρήτοιο κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην·","translation":"and struck the shield of Aretus, round on every side;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Ἀρήτοιο","lemma":"Ἄρητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"of Aretus"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐΐσην","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"round"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b17-l518","source":"ἣ δʼ οὐκ ἔγχος ἔρυτο, διὰ πρὸ δὲ εἴσατο χαλκός,","translation":"the shield did not hold the spear, but the bronze passed clean through","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρυτο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔρυτο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔρυτο","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσατο","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσατο","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴσατο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b17-l519","source":"νειαίρῃ δʼ ἐν γαστρὶ διὰ ζωστῆρος ἔλασσεν.","translation":"and drove through the belt into the bottom of his belly.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l519.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νειαίρῃ δʼ ἐν γαστρὶ","title":"Low in the belly","body":"νειαίρῃ marks the lowest part of the belly. Homer fixes Automedon's killing stroke precisely below the belt."}],"words":[{"surface":"νειαίρῃ","lemma":"νείαιρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστρὶ","gloss":"lower"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"γαστρὶ","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ζωστῆρος","lemma":"ζωστήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"ἔλασσεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b17-l520","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ὀξὺν ἔχων πέλεκυν αἰζήϊος ἀνὴρ","translation":"As when a vigorous man with a sharp axe","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέλεκυν","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τάμῃ","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"πέλεκυν","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"axe"},{"surface":"αἰζήϊος","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"vigorous"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τάμῃ","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b17-l521","source":"κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο","translation":"strikes behind the horns of a field-ranging ox","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κόψας","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τάμῃ","gloss":"having struck"},{"surface":"ἐξόπιθεν","lemma":"ἐξόπιθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"κεράων","lemma":"κέρας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξόπιθεν","gloss":"the horns"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεράων","gloss":"of an ox"},{"surface":"ἀγραύλοιο","lemma":"ἄγραυλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοὸς","gloss":"field-dwelling"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b17-l522","source":"ἶνα τάμῃ διὰ πᾶσαν, ὃ δὲ προθορὼν ἐρίπῃσιν,","translation":"and cuts the sinew through, and the ox leaps forward and falls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἶνα","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"sinew"},{"surface":"τάμῃ","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"cuts"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἶνα","gloss":"entire"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρίπῃσιν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προθορὼν","lemma":"προθρώσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρίπῃσιν","gloss":"springing forward"},{"surface":"ἐρίπῃσιν","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"falls"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b17-l523","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ὅ γε προθορὼν πέσεν ὕπτιος· ἐν δέ οἱ ἔγχος","translation":"so he leapt forward and fell on his back; within him the spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέσεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προθορὼν","lemma":"προθρώσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσεν","gloss":"springing forward"},{"surface":"πέσεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ὕπτιος","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on his back"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to λύε","gloss":"within him"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of λύε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b17-l524","source":"νηδυίοισι μάλʼ ὀξὺ κραδαινόμενον λύε γυῖα.","translation":"keenly quivering among his bowels, unstrung his limbs.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηδυίοισι","lemma":"νήδυια","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the bowels"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"keenly"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"keen"},{"surface":"κραδαινόμενον","lemma":"κραδαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to λύε","gloss":"quivering"},{"surface":"λύε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"unstrung"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λύε","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b17-l525","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ Αὐτομέδοντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ·","translation":"Then Hector cast his shining spear at Automedon;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδοντος","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"at Automedon"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast at"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b17-l526","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος·","translation":"But he, seeing it before him, avoided the bronze spear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠλεύατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠλεύατο","gloss":"having seen"},{"surface":"ἠλεύατο","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"avoided"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠλεύατο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b17-l527","source":"πρόσσω γὰρ κατέκυψε, τὸ δʼ ἐξόπιθεν δόρυ μακρὸν","translation":"by stooping forward; behind him the long spear","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέκυψε","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατέκυψε","lemma":"κατακύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stooped forward"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξόπιθεν","lemma":"ἐξόπιθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνισκίμφθη","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐνισκίμφθη","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b17-l528","source":"οὔδει ἐνισκίμφθη, ἐπὶ δʼ οὐρίαχος πελεμίχθη","translation":"planted itself in the ground, and the butt of the spear quivered;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔδει","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνισκίμφθη","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἐνισκίμφθη","lemma":"ἐνσκίμπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"planted itself"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρίαχος","lemma":"οὐρίαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πελεμίχθη","gloss":"the butt-end"},{"surface":"πελεμίχθη","lemma":"πελεμίζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"quivered"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b17-l529","source":"ἔγχεος· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης.","translation":"and there at last mighty Ares loosed its force.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l529.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης","title":"Ares leaves the spear","body":"The spear's spent violence is personified as mighty Ares releasing his force. Hector's cast has missed Automedon before the Ajaxes arrive."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies οὐρίαχος","gloss":"of the spear"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφίει","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"ἀφίει","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"released"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφίει","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ὄβριμος","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφίει","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b17-l530","source":"καί νύ κε δὴ ξιφέεσσʼ αὐτοσχεδὸν ὁρμηθήτην","translation":"And now the two would have rushed together with swords at close quarters,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ξιφέεσσ","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὁρμηθήτην","gloss":"with swords"},{"surface":"αὐτοσχεδὸν","lemma":"αὐτοσχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμηθήτην","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθήτην","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have charged"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b17-l531","source":"εἰ μή σφωʼ Αἴαντε διέκριναν μεμαῶτε,","translation":"had not the two Ajaxes, eager for battle, parted them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l531.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σφωʼ Αἴαντε","title":"Two pairs","body":"σφω refers to Hector and Automedon as a pair, while Αἴαντε names the two Ajaxes who separate them. Homer packs two distinct dual groups into one line."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σφω","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of διέκριναν","gloss":"them two"},{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of διέκριναν","gloss":"the two Ajaxes"},{"surface":"διέκριναν","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had separated"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτε","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to διέκριναν","gloss":"eager for battle"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b17-l532","source":"οἵ ῥʼ ἦλθον καθʼ ὅμιλον ἑταίρου κικλήσκοντος·","translation":"coming through the press at their comrade's call.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σφὠ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καθ̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κικλήσκοντος","gloss":"their comrade"},{"surface":"κικλήσκοντος","lemma":"κικλήσκω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"calling"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b17-l533","source":"τοὺς ὑποταρβήσαντες ἐχώρησαν πάλιν αὖτις","translation":"In fear of them, they gave ground again,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑποταρβήσαντες","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὑποταρβήσαντες","lemma":"ὑποταρβέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχώρησαν","gloss":"taking fright"},{"surface":"ἐχώρησαν","lemma":"χωρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"withdrew"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχώρησαν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχώρησαν","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b17-l534","source":"Ἕκτωρ Αἰνείας τʼ ἠδὲ Χρομίος θεοειδής,","translation":"Hector and Aeneas and godlike Chromius,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Χρομίος","lemma":"Χρομίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Chromius"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Χρομίος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b17-l535","source":"Ἄρητον δὲ κατʼ αὖθι λίπον δεδαϊγμένον ἦτορ","translation":"and left Aretus lying where he was, his heart torn open.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄρητον","lemma":"Ἄρητος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λίπον","gloss":"Aretus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"there on the ground"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λίπον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"δεδαϊγμένον","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"with heart torn"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δεδαϊγμένον","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b17-l536","source":"κείμενον· Αὐτομέδων δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ","translation":"But Automedon, the equal of swift Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θοῷ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αὐτομέδων","gloss":"the equal"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b17-l537","source":"τεύχεά τʼ ἐξενάριξε καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·","translation":"stripped off his armor and spoke a word of triumph:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεά","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped off"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"boasting"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b17-l538","source":"ἦ δὴ μὰν ὀλίγον γε Μενοιτιάδαο θανόντος","translation":"\"Now at last I have eased my heart a little of its grief","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μεθέηκα","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδαο","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θανόντος","gloss":"Menoetius's son"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μεθέηκα","gloss":"having died"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b17-l539","source":"κῆρ ἄχεος μεθέηκα χερείονά περ καταπέφνων.","translation":"for the death of Menoetius' son, though I killed a lesser man.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μεθέηκα","gloss":"my heart"},{"surface":"ἄχεος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of μεθέηκα","gloss":"of grief"},{"surface":"μεθέηκα","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have relieved"},{"surface":"χερείονά","lemma":"χερείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταπέφνων","gloss":"a lesser man"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"καταπέφνων","lemma":"κατέπεφνον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μεθέηκα","gloss":"having killed"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b17-l540","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἐς δίφρον ἑλὼν ἔναρα βροτόεντα","translation":"So he spoke, took up the bloodied spoils, and set them","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκ̓","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκ̓","gloss":"having seized"},{"surface":"ἔναρα","lemma":"ἔναρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"the spoils"},{"surface":"βροτόεντα","lemma":"βροτόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔναρα","gloss":"bloodstained"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b17-l541","source":"θῆκʼ, ἂν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔβαινε πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν","translation":"in the chariot; then he mounted, his feet and hands above","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἔβαινε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕπερθεν","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b17-l542","source":"αἱματόεις ὥς τίς τε λέων κατὰ ταῦρον ἐδηδώς.","translation":"all bloody, like a lion that has devoured a bull.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l542.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἱματόεις","title":"Blood all over","body":"αἱματόεις is singular and describes Automedon himself as blood-covered. His bloodied hands and feet complete the lion simile without changing the killer's agency."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἱματόεις","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bloody"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies λέων","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"ταῦρον","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐδηδώς","gloss":"a bull"},{"surface":"ἐδηδώς","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"having devoured"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b17-l543","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ τέτατο κρατερὴ ὑσμίνη","translation":"Again over Patroclus the grim battle was stretched tight,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέτατο","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τέτατο","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been stretched"},{"surface":"κρατερὴ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνη","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνη","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέτατο","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b17-l544","source":"ἀργαλέη πολύδακρυς, ἔγειρε δὲ νεῖκος Ἀθήνη","translation":"hard and full of tears; and Athena roused the strife,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργαλέη","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνη","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"πολύδακρυς","lemma":"πολύδακρυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνη","gloss":"tearful"},{"surface":"ἔγειρε","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔγειρε","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔγειρε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b17-l545","source":"οὐρανόθεν καταβᾶσα· προῆκε γὰρ εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","translation":"coming down from heaven, for wide-thundering Zeus had sent her","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l545.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","title":"Wide-thundering Zeus","body":"εὐρύοπα describes Zeus's far-carrying voice or thunder, not far-seeing eyes. Here Zeus himself sends Athena to stir the Danaans."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of καταβᾶσα","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"καταβᾶσα","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔγειρε","gloss":"having descended"},{"surface":"προῆκε","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had sent"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προῆκε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b17-l546","source":"ὀρνύμεναι Δαναούς· δὴ γὰρ νόος ἐτράπετʼ αὐτοῦ.","translation":"to spur the Danaans on, since now his purpose had turned.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀρνύμεναι","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to προῆκε","gloss":"to rouse"},{"surface":"Δαναούς","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρνύμεναι","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτράπετ̓","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"ἐτράπετ","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had turned"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b17-l547","source":"ἠΰτε πορφυρέην ἶριν θνητοῖσι τανύσσῃ","translation":"As when Zeus stretches a purple rainbow for mortals","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to τανύσσῃ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"πορφυρέην","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἶριν","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"ἶριν","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τανύσσῃ","gloss":"rainbow"},{"surface":"θνητοῖσι","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to τανύσσῃ","gloss":"for mortals"},{"surface":"τανύσσῃ","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"stretches"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b17-l548","source":"Ζεὺς ἐξ οὐρανόθεν τέρας ἔμμεναι ἢ πολέμοιο","translation":"from heaven, a sign of war","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τανύσσῃ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"τέρας","lemma":"τέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as a sign"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of τανύσσῃ","gloss":"to serve"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"of war"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b17-l549","source":"ἢ καὶ χειμῶνος δυσθαλπέος, ὅς ῥά τε ἔργων","translation":"or of a bitter, chilling storm, which brings men","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"χειμῶνος","lemma":"χειμών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"winter storm"},{"surface":"δυσθαλπέος","lemma":"δυσθαλπής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χειμῶνος","gloss":"bitterly cold"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέπαυσεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"typically"},{"surface":"ἔργων","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέπαυσεν","gloss":"from work"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b17-l550","source":"ἀνθρώπους ἀνέπαυσεν ἐπὶ χθονί, μῆλα δὲ κήδει,","translation":"to rest from their work upon the earth and afflicts the flocks,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνέπαυσεν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀνέπαυσεν","lemma":"ἀναπαύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"stops"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χθονί","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"on earth"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κήδει","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδει","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"afflicts"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b17-l551","source":"ὣς ἣ πορφυρέῃ νεφέλῃ πυκάσασα ἓ αὐτὴν","translation":"so she wrapped herself in a purple cloud","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύσετ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δύσετ̓","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"πορφυρέῃ","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεφέλῃ","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"νεφέλῃ","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πυκάσασα","gloss":"in a cloud"},{"surface":"πυκάσασα","lemma":"πυκάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to δύσετ̓","gloss":"having wrapped"},{"surface":"ἓ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πυκάσασα","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"herself"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b17-l552","source":"δύσετʼ Ἀχαιῶν ἔθνος, ἔγειρε δὲ φῶτα ἕκαστον.","translation":"and entered the Achaean host, rousing man after man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσετ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δύσετ̓","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἔγειρε","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was rousing"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φῶτα","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔγειρε","gloss":"each man"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φῶτα","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b17-l553","source":"πρῶτον δʼ Ἀτρέος υἱὸν ἐποτρύνουσα προσηύδα","translation":"First she addressed the mighty son of Atreus, urging on","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρέος","lemma":"Ἀτρεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Atreus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνουσα","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"urges"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b17-l554","source":"ἴφθιμον Μενέλαον· ὃ γάρ ῥά οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦεν·","translation":"Menelaus, for he was standing near her,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴφθιμον","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαον","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγύθεν","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b17-l555","source":"εἰσαμένη Φοίνικι δέμας καὶ ἀτειρέα φωνήν·","translation":"in the likeness of Phoenix, in body and tireless voice:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσαμένη","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"likening herself"},{"surface":"Φοίνικι","lemma":"Φοῖνιξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσαμένη","gloss":"Phoenix"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτειρέα","lemma":"ἀτειρής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φωνήν","gloss":"untiring"},{"surface":"φωνήν","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b17-l556","source":"σοὶ μὲν δὴ Μενέλαε κατηφείη καὶ ὄνειδος","translation":"\"Menelaus, shame and disgrace will fall on you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"κατηφείη","lemma":"κατήφεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄνειδος","lemma":"ὄνειδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"reproach"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b17-l557","source":"ἔσσεται εἴ κʼ Ἀχιλῆος ἀγαυοῦ πιστὸν ἑταῖρον","translation":"if swift dogs beneath Troy's wall drag off","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"of Achilles"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"πιστὸν","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλκήσουσιν","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b17-l558","source":"τείχει ὕπο Τρώων ταχέες κύνες ἑλκήσουσιν.","translation":"the trusted companion of glorious Achilles.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τείχει","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τείχει","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ταχέες","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑλκήσουσιν","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἑλκήσουσιν","lemma":"ἑλκέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"they may drag"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b17-l559","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔχεο κρατερῶς, ὄτρυνε δὲ λαὸν ἅπαντα.","translation":"But hold fast with all your strength, and urge the whole host.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔχεο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold fast"},{"surface":"κρατερῶς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεο","gloss":"with all your strength"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge on"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"whole"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b17-l560","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος·","translation":"Then Menelaus, good at the war-cry, answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b17-l561","source":"Φοῖνιξ ἄττα γεραιὲ παλαιγενές, εἰ γὰρ Ἀθήνη","translation":"\"Father Phoenix, ancient elder, if only Athena","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l561.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄττα","title":"Father Phoenix","body":"ἄττα is an affectionate and respectful address to an older man, not a claim that Phoenix is Menelaus's father. Menelaus believes he is speaking to the old tutor."}],"words":[{"surface":"Φοῖνιξ","lemma":"φοῖνιξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Phoenix"},{"surface":"ἄττα","lemma":"ἄττα","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φοῖνιξ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"γεραιὲ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φοῖνιξ","gloss":"elder"},{"surface":"παλαιγενές","lemma":"παλαιγενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γεραιὲ","gloss":"aged"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δοίη","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b17-l562","source":"δοίη κάρτος ἐμοί, βελέων δʼ ἀπερύκοι ἐρωήν·","translation":"would give me strength and hold back the rush of missiles.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δοίη","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would give"},{"surface":"κάρτος","lemma":"κάρτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"βελέων","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐρωήν","gloss":"of missiles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπερύκοι","lemma":"ἀπερύκω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might ward off"},{"surface":"ἐρωήν","lemma":"ἐρωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπερύκοι","gloss":"onrush"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b17-l563","source":"τώ κεν ἔγωγʼ ἐθέλοιμι παρεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν","translation":"Then I would gladly stand beside Patroclus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔγωγ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλοιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοιμι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would wish"},{"surface":"παρεστάμεναι","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to stand beside"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύνειν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to defend"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b17-l564","source":"Πατρόκλῳ· μάλα γάρ με θανὼν ἐσεμάσσατο θυμόν.","translation":"and defend him, for his death has struck deep into my heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"beside Patroclus"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐσεμάσσατο","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"θανὼν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐσεμάσσατο","gloss":"by dying"},{"surface":"ἐσεμάσσατο","lemma":"εἰσμαίομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck deep"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐσεμάσσατο","gloss":"my heart"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b17-l565","source":"ἀλλʼ Ἕκτωρ πυρὸς αἰνὸν ἔχει μένος, οὐδʼ ἀπολήγει","translation":"But Hector has the dread fury of fire and never ceases","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of fire"},{"surface":"αἰνὸν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"ἀπολήγει","lemma":"ἀπολήγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceases"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b17-l566","source":"χαλκῷ δηϊόων· τῷ γὰρ Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀπάζει.","translation":"laying waste with bronze, for Zeus grants him glory.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δηϊόων","gloss":"with bronze"},{"surface":"δηϊόων","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of ἀπολήγει","gloss":"laying waste"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀπάζει","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀπάζει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀπάζει","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀπάζει","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grants"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b17-l567","source":"ὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δὲ θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,","translation":"So he spoke, and the goddess bright-eyed Athena rejoiced,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l567.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","title":"Bright-eyed Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη is Athena's fixed standing epithet, here kept as \"bright-eyed Athena.\" The goddess rejoices because Menelaus prayed to her first among all gods."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"γήθησεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b17-l568","source":"ὅττί ῥά οἱ πάμπρωτα θεῶν ἠρήσατο πάντων.","translation":"because he had prayed to her first of all the gods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠρήσατο","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"πάμπρωτα","lemma":"πάμπρωτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠρήσατο","gloss":"before all others"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πάμπρωτα","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἠρήσατο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅττί","gloss":"had prayed"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b17-l569","source":"ἐν δὲ βίην ὤμοισι καὶ ἐν γούνεσσιν ἔθηκε,","translation":"She put strength into his shoulders and knees,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίην","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ὤμοισι","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his shoulders"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γούνεσσιν","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b17-l570","source":"καί οἱ μυίης θάρσος ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐνῆκεν,","translation":"and set in his breast the daring of a fly,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐνῆκεν","gloss":"in him"},{"surface":"μυίης","lemma":"μυῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θάρσος","gloss":"of a fly"},{"surface":"θάρσος","lemma":"θάρσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνῆκεν","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"his breast"},{"surface":"ἐνῆκεν","lemma":"ἐνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b17-l571","source":"ἥ τε καὶ ἐργομένη μάλα περ χροὸς ἀνδρομέοιο","translation":"which, though driven again and again from a man's skin,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰσχανάᾳ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐργομένη","lemma":"ἔργνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἰσχανάᾳ","gloss":"being driven away"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"repeatedly"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐργομένη","gloss":"from skin"},{"surface":"ἀνδρομέοιο","lemma":"ἀνδρόμεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χροὸς","gloss":"human"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b17-l572","source":"ἰσχανάᾳ δακέειν, λαρόν τέ οἱ αἷμʼ ἀνθρώπου·","translation":"still hungers to bite, for human blood tastes sweet to it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l572.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λαρόν","title":"Blood tastes sweet","body":"λαρός means pleasant or sweet to the taste. The stubborn blood-seeking fly supplies Athena's unnerving image for Menelaus's courage."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἰσχανάᾳ","lemma":"ἰσχανάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τέ","gloss":"yearns"},{"surface":"δακέειν","lemma":"δάκνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἰσχανάᾳ","gloss":"to bite"},{"surface":"λαρόν","lemma":"λαρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"αἷμ","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπου","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἷμ̓","gloss":"human"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b17-l573","source":"τοίου μιν θάρσευς πλῆσε φρένας ἀμφὶ μελαίνας,","translation":"With such daring she filled the dark heart within him.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοίου","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies θάρσευς","gloss":"with such"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πλῆσε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"θάρσευς","lemma":"θάρσος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πλῆσε","gloss":"daring"},{"surface":"πλῆσε","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"μελαίνας","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b17-l574","source":"βῆ δʼ ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ.","translation":"He strode over Patroclus and cast his shining spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b17-l575","source":"ἔσκε δʼ ἐνὶ Τρώεσσι Ποδῆς υἱὸς Ἠετίωνος","translation":"Among the Trojans was Podes, son of Eetion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"Ποδῆς","lemma":"Ποδῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Podes"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἠετίωνος","lemma":"Ἠετίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Eetion"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b17-l576","source":"ἀφνειός τʼ ἀγαθός τε· μάλιστα δέ μιν τίεν Ἕκτωρ","translation":"a rich and worthy man; above all his people Hector honored him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφνειός","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγαθός","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial to τίεν","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τίεν","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τίεν","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b17-l577","source":"δήμου, ἐπεί οἱ ἑταῖρος ἔην φίλος εἰλαπιναστής·","translation":"for he was his dear companion at the feast.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήμου","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μάλιστα","gloss":"of the people"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"comrade"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies εἰλαπιναστής","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"εἰλαπιναστής","lemma":"εἰλαπιναστής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"feast-companion"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b17-l578","source":"τόν ῥα κατὰ ζωστῆρα βάλε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος","translation":"Golden-haired Menelaus struck him through the belt","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ζωστῆρα","lemma":"ζωστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b17-l579","source":"ἀΐξαντα φόβον δέ, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε·","translation":"as he darted into flight, and drove the bronze clean through.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀΐξαντα","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τόν","gloss":"as he darted"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀΐξαντα","gloss":"into flight"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλασσε","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"right through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλασσε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔλασσε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b17-l580","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ἀτὰρ Ἀτρεΐδης Μενέλαος","translation":"He crashed down as he fell; then Menelaus, son of Atreus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρυσεν","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b17-l581","source":"νεκρὸν ὑπʼ ἐκ Τρώων ἔρυσεν μετὰ ἔθνος ἑταίρων.","translation":"dragged the corpse from under the Trojans into the host of his comrades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσεν","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from under"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out from"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἔρυσεν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew out"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"his comrades"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b17-l582","source":"Ἕκτορα δʼ ἐγγύθεν ἱστάμενος ὄτρυνεν Ἀπόλλων","translation":"Then Apollo stood close beside Hector and urged him on,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστάμενος","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"ἱστάμενος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνεν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was urging"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b17-l583","source":"Φαίνοπι Ἀσιάδῃ ἐναλίγκιος, ὅς οἱ ἁπάντων","translation":"in the likeness of Phaenops, son of Asius, who of all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φαίνοπι","lemma":"Φαῖνοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐναλίγκιος","gloss":"Phaenops"},{"surface":"Ἀσιάδῃ","lemma":"Ἀσιάδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φαίνοπι","gloss":"son of Asius"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιος","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσκεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσκεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξείνων","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b17-l584","source":"ξείνων φίλτατος ἔσκεν Ἀβυδόθι οἰκία ναίων·","translation":"his guest-friends was dearest, dwelling in his home at Abydos.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξείνων","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλτατος","gloss":"guest-friends"},{"surface":"φίλτατος","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἔσκεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Φαίνοπι","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Ἀβυδόθι","lemma":"Ἀβυδόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναίων","gloss":"at Abydos"},{"surface":"οἰκία","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναίων","gloss":"his home"},{"surface":"ναίων","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b17-l585","source":"τῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσέφη ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"Taking his shape, Apollo the far-worker said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐεισάμενος","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐεισάμενος","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"having likened himself"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργος","lemma":"Ἑκάεργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"far-worker"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b17-l586","source":"Ἕκτορ τίς κέ σʼ ἔτʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν ταρβήσειεν;","translation":"\"Hector, what other Achaean will ever fear you now?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ταρβήσειεν","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ταρβήσειεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ταρβήσειεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ταρβήσειεν","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fear"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b17-l587","source":"οἷον δὴ Μενέλαον ὑπέτρεσας, ὃς τὸ πάρος γε","translation":"See how you shrank from Menelaus, who before this","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπέτρεσας","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέτρεσας","gloss":"from Menelaus"},{"surface":"ὑπέτρεσας","lemma":"ὑποτρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shrank"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b17-l588","source":"μαλθακὸς αἰχμητής· νῦν δʼ οἴχεται οἶος ἀείρας","translation":"was a feeble spearman; now he has gone alone, carrying","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαλθακὸς","lemma":"μαλθακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰχμητής","gloss":"feeble"},{"surface":"αἰχμητής","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"spearman"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἴχεται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴχεται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has gone"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴχεται","gloss":"having lifted"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b17-l589","source":"νεκρὸν ὑπʼ ἐκ Τρώων, σὸν δʼ ἔκτανε πιστὸν ἑταῖρον","translation":"a corpse from under the Trojans, and has killed your trusted comrade,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀείρας","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from under"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out from"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκτανε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"πιστὸν","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b17-l590","source":"ἐσθλὸν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι Ποδῆν υἱὸν Ἠετίωνος.","translation":"Podes, Eetion's son, a brave man among the front fighters.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ποδῆν","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προμάχοισι","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"champions"},{"surface":"Ποδῆν","lemma":"Ποδῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Podes"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἠετίωνος","lemma":"Ἠετίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Eetion"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b17-l591","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἄχεος νεφέλη ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα,","translation":"So he spoke, and a black cloud of grief covered him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l591.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄχεος νεφέλη ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα","title":"A black cloud of grief","body":"Grief closes over Hector like a black cloud after Apollo tells him of Podes' death. The same whole line will return over Achilles in Book 18."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχεος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies νεφέλη","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"νεφέλη","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"μέλαινα","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεφέλη","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b17-l592","source":"βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ.","translation":"And he strode out through the front ranks, helmed in gleaming bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"κεκορυθμένος","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"helmed"},{"surface":"αἴθοπι","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκορυθμένος","gloss":"in bronze"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b17-l593","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἄρα Κρονίδης ἕλετʼ αἰγίδα θυσσανόεσσαν","translation":"Then the son of Cronos took up the tasselled aegis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλετ̓","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἕλετ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"αἰγίδα","lemma":"αἰγίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλετ̓","gloss":"aegis"},{"surface":"θυσσανόεσσαν","lemma":"θυσανόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"tasseled"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b17-l594","source":"μαρμαρέην, Ἴδην δὲ κατὰ νεφέεσσι κάλυψεν,","translation":"flashing bright, and covered Ida in clouds;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαρμαρέην","lemma":"μαρμάρεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"Ἴδην","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"νεφέεσσι","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"with clouds"},{"surface":"κάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b17-l595","source":"ἀστράψας δὲ μάλα μεγάλʼ ἔκτυπε, τὴν δὲ τίναξε,","translation":"he blazed with lightning, thundered with a mighty crash, and shook it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀστράψας","lemma":"ἀστράπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκτυπε","gloss":"having flashed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔκτυπε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἔκτυπε","lemma":"κτυπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thundered"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τίναξε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τίναξε","lemma":"τινάσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b17-l596","source":"νίκην δὲ Τρώεσσι δίδου, ἐφόβησε δʼ Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"giving victory to the Trojans and routing the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was giving"},{"surface":"ἐφόβησε","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"routed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφόβησε","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b17-l597","source":"πρῶτος Πηνέλεως Βοιώτιος ἦρχε φόβοιο.","translation":"Peneleos the Boeotian was first to lead the rout.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Πηνέλεως","lemma":"Πηνέλεως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Peneleos"},{"surface":"Βοιώτιος","lemma":"Βοιώτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνέλεως","gloss":"the Boeotian"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"φόβοιο","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of rout"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b17-l598","source":"βλῆτο γὰρ ὦμον δουρὶ πρόσω τετραμμένος αἰεὶ","translation":"For as he kept facing forward, a spear struck the very edge","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βλῆτο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was struck"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βλῆτο","gloss":"in the shoulder"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βλῆτο","gloss":"by a spear"},{"surface":"πρόσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of τετραμμένος","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"τετραμμένος","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βλῆτο","gloss":"while turned"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετραμμένος","gloss":"continually"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b17-l599","source":"ἄκρον ἐπιλίγδην· γράψεν δέ οἱ ὀστέον ἄχρις","translation":"of his shoulder with a glancing blow; to the bone","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l599.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄκρον ἐπιλίγδην","title":"A glancing wound","body":"ἐπιλίγδην marks a grazing, sideways stroke, while ἄκρον limits it to the shoulder's edge. The point scrapes to bone but does not run Peneleos through."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκρον","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"the edge"},{"surface":"ἐπιλίγδην","lemma":"ἐπιλίγδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βλῆτο","gloss":"glancing"},{"surface":"γράψεν","lemma":"γράφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scraped"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to γράψεν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὀστέον","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of γράψεν","gloss":"bone"},{"surface":"ἄχρις","lemma":"ἄχρι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γράψεν","gloss":"as far as"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b17-l600","source":"αἰχμὴ Πουλυδάμαντος· ὃ γάρ ῥʼ ἔβαλε σχεδὸν ἐλθών.","translation":"the point of Polydamas scraped him, for he had come close and cast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γράψεν","gloss":"spearpoint"},{"surface":"Πουλυδάμαντος","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"of Polydamas"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔβαλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθών","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλε","gloss":"having come"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b17-l601","source":"Λήϊτον αὖθʼ Ἕκτωρ σχεδὸν οὔτασε χεῖρʼ ἐπὶ καρπῷ","translation":"Then Hector wounded Leitus at close quarters, in the arm at the wrist,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λήϊτον","lemma":"Λήιτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Leitus"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"at close range"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"καρπῷ","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"wrist"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b17-l602","source":"υἱὸν Ἀλεκτρυόνος μεγαθύμου, παῦσε δὲ χάρμης·","translation":"the son of great-hearted Alectryon, and stopped him from battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀλεκτρυόνος","lemma":"Ἀλεκτρυών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Alectryon"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλεκτρυόνος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"παῦσε","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάρμης","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of παῦσε","gloss":"from battle"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b17-l603","source":"τρέσσε δὲ παπτήνας, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι ἔλπετο θυμῷ","translation":"He shrank back, glancing about, since in his heart he no longer hoped","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρέσσε","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παπτήνας","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τρέσσε","gloss":"glancing about"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b17-l604","source":"ἔγχος ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ μαχήσεσθαι Τρώεσσιν.","translation":"to hold a spear in his hand and fight the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"a spear"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"μαχήσεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπετο","gloss":"would fight"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαχήσεσθαι","gloss":"the Trojans"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b17-l605","source":"Ἕκτορα δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς μετὰ Λήϊτον ὁρμηθέντα","translation":"But as Hector rushed after Leitus, Idomeneus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βεβλήκει","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βεβλήκει","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Λήϊτον","lemma":"Λήιτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"Leitus"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθέντα","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"having rushed"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b17-l606","source":"βεβλήκει θώρηκα κατὰ στῆθος παρὰ μαζόν·","translation":"struck his corselet on the chest beside the nipple;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βεβλήκει","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had struck"},{"surface":"θώρηκα","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"μαζόν","lemma":"μαστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"nipple"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b17-l607","source":"ἐν καυλῷ δʼ ἐάγη δολιχὸν δόρυ, τοὶ δὲ βόησαν","translation":"the long spear broke at the socket, and the Trojans shouted.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l607.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐν καυλῷ δʼ ἐάγη","title":"The shaft breaks","body":"The spear breaks at καυλός, the socket or lower shaft near the head. Idomeneus strikes Hector's armor, but the broken weapon does not kill or wound him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"καυλῷ","lemma":"καυλός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"socket"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐάγη","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"snapped"},{"surface":"δολιχὸν","lemma":"δολιχός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐάγη","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βόησαν","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b17-l608","source":"Τρῶες· ὃ δʼ Ἰδομενῆος ἀκόντισε Δευκαλίδαο","translation":"Then Hector cast at Idomeneus, son of Deucalion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of βόησαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"at Idomeneus"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast at"},{"surface":"Δευκαλίδαο","lemma":"Δευκαλίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰδομενῆος","gloss":"Deucalion's son"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b17-l609","source":"δίφρῳ ἐφεσταότος· τοῦ μέν ῥʼ ἀπὸ τυτθὸν ἅμαρτεν·","translation":"standing upon his chariot, and missed him by only a little;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l609.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τοῦ μέν ῥʼ ἀπὸ τυτθὸν ἅμαρτεν","title":"Hector narrowly misses","body":"τοῦ refers to Idomeneus, Hector's intended target. The spear misses him by a little before striking Koiranus; it does not wound Idomeneus."}],"words":[{"surface":"δίφρῳ","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφεσταότος","gloss":"on his chariot"},{"surface":"ἐφεσταότος","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἰδομενῆος","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμαρτεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἅμαρτεν","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"ἅμαρτεν","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b17-l610","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ Μηριόναο ὀπάονά θʼ ἡνίοχόν τε","translation":"but he struck Meriones' companion and charioteer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Μηριόναο","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀπάονά","gloss":"of Meriones"},{"surface":"ὀπάονά","lemma":"ὀπάων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχόν","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"charioteer"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b17-l611","source":"Κοίρανον, ὅς ῥʼ ἐκ Λύκτου ἐϋκτιμένης ἕπετʼ αὐτῷ·","translation":"Koiranus, who had followed him from well-built Lyctus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κοίρανον","lemma":"Κοίρανος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Koiranus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕπετ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Λύκτου","lemma":"Λύκτος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Lyctus"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτιμένης","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λύκτου","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"ἕπετ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Κοίρανον","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἕπετ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b17-l612","source":"πεζὸς γὰρ τὰ πρῶτα λιπὼν νέας ἀμφιελίσσας","translation":"For Idomeneus had first come on foot, leaving the curved ships,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεζὸς","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies πρῶτα","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"λιπὼν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθε","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"νέας","lemma":"νέα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of λιπὼν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀμφιελίσσας","lemma":"ἀμφιέλισσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέας","gloss":"curved"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b17-l613","source":"ἤλυθε, καί κε Τρωσὶ μέγα κράτος ἐγγυάλιξεν,","translation":"and would have handed great power to the Trojans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγγυάλιξεν","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐγγυάλιξεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐγγυάλιξεν","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have delivered"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b17-l614","source":"εἰ μὴ Κοίρανος ὦκα ποδώκεας ἤλασεν ἵππους·","translation":"had not Koiranus swiftly driven up the fleet-footed horses.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l614.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰ μὴ Κοίρανος","title":"A prevented outcome","body":"The past contrary-to-fact condition runs from ἐγγυάλιξεν into εἰ μή: Idomeneus would have given the Trojans a great advantage had Koiranus not brought the horses. Koiranus's action saves him."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Κοίρανος","lemma":"Κοίρανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλασεν","gloss":"Koiranus"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλασεν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ποδώκεας","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"ἤλασεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had driven up"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b17-l615","source":"καὶ τῷ μὲν φάος ἦλθεν, ἄμυνε δὲ νηλεὲς ἦμαρ,","translation":"To him he brought the light and warded off the pitiless day,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἄμυνε","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warded off"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νηλεὲς","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄμυνε","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b17-l616","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ὤλεσε θυμὸν ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο·","translation":"but lost his own life beneath man-slaying Hector.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l616.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὤλεσε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὤλεσε","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at the hands of"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑφ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνοιο","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"man-slaying"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b17-l617","source":"τὸν βάλʼ ὑπὸ γναθμοῖο καὶ οὔατος, ἐκ δʼ ἄρʼ ὀδόντας","translation":"Hector struck him below the jaw and ear; the spear's butt","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l617.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπὸ γναθμοῖο καὶ οὔατος","title":"Below jaw and ear","body":"The spear enters beneath Koiranus's jaw and ear. Homer's anatomy fixes both Hector's victim and the angle of the killing thrust."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βάλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"γναθμοῖο","lemma":"γναθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the jaw"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔατος","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀδόντας","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"teeth"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b17-l618","source":"ὦσε δόρυ πρυμνόν, διὰ δὲ γλῶσσαν τάμε μέσσην.","translation":"drove out his teeth and cut his tongue through the middle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l618.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὦσε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"πρυμνόν","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"butt-end"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλῶσσαν","lemma":"γλῶσσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τάμε","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"τάμε","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"μέσσην","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γλῶσσαν","gloss":"through the middle"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b17-l619","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, κατὰ δʼ ἡνία χεῦεν ἔραζε.","translation":"He fell from the chariot and spilled the reins upon the ground.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l619.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χεῦεν","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"χεῦεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spilled"},{"surface":"ἔραζε","lemma":"ἔραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of χεῦεν","gloss":"to earth"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b17-l620","source":"καὶ τά γε Μηριόνης ἔλαβεν χείρεσσι φίλῃσι","translation":"Meriones bent down from the chariot and caught them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l620.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"χείρεσσι φίλῃσι","title":"His own hands","body":"φίλῃσι with a body part works possessively: Meriones catches the fallen reins in his own hands. He retrieves them after Koiranus falls."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔλαβεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαβεν","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"ἔλαβεν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"χείρεσσι","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλαβεν","gloss":"with his hands"},{"surface":"φίλῃσι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χείρεσσι","gloss":"own"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b17-l621","source":"κύψας ἐκ πεδίοιο, καὶ Ἰδομενῆα προσηύδα·","translation":"from the plain in his own hands, and called to Idomeneus:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύψας","lemma":"κύπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλαβεν","gloss":"as he stooped"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b17-l622","source":"μάστιε νῦν εἷός κε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἵκηαι·","translation":"\"Use the whip now, until you reach the swift ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάστιε","lemma":"μαστίω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"use the whip"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάστιε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"εἷός","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἵκηαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἷός","gloss":"you reach"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b17-l623","source":"γιγνώσκεις δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ τʼ οὐκέτι κάρτος Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"You yourself know the Achaeans have no strength left.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκεις","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"κάρτος","lemma":"κάρτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b17-l624","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ ἵμασεν καλλίτριχας ἵππους","translation":"So he spoke, and Idomeneus lashed the lovely-maned horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵμασεν","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵμασεν","lemma":"ἱμάσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lashed"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχας","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"fair-maned"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵμασεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b17-l625","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· δὴ γὰρ δέος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ.","translation":"toward the hollow ships, for fear had fallen on his heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l625.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ἔμπεσε","lemma":"ἐμπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell upon"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"his heart"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b17-l626","source":"οὐδʼ ἔλαθʼ Αἴαντα μεγαλήτορα καὶ Μενέλαον","translation":"Nor did great-hearted Ajax and Menelaus fail to see","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλαθ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice of"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντα","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b17-l627","source":"Ζεύς, ὅτε δὴ Τρώεσσι δίδου ἑτεραλκέα νίκην.","translation":"that Zeus was giving the Trojans victory that changed the fight.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l627.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑτεραλκέα νίκην","title":"Victory changes sides","body":"ἑτεραλκής describes victory swinging the strength of battle to the other side. Zeus, not Hector or Apollo here, is the direct giver of that reversal."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαθ̓","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δίδου","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔλαθ̓","gloss":"was giving"},{"surface":"ἑτεραλκέα","lemma":"ἑτεραλκής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νίκην","gloss":"battle-turning"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b17-l628","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·","translation":"Great Telamonian Ajax began speaking among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l628.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b17-l629","source":"ὢ πόποι ἤδη μέν κε καὶ ὃς μάλα νήπιός ἐστι","translation":"\"Shame! By now even a man who is an utter fool","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l629.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνοίη","gloss":"by now"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"a man who"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"νήπιός","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a fool"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of γνοίη","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b17-l630","source":"γνοίη ὅτι Τρώεσσι πατὴρ Ζεὺς αὐτὸς ἀρήγει.","translation":"can see that father Zeus himself is helping the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l630.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνοίη","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would know"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρήγει","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀρήγει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀρήγει","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"is helping"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b17-l631","source":"τῶν μὲν γὰρ πάντων βέλεʼ ἅπτεται ὅς τις ἀφήῃ","translation":"Every missile of theirs finds its mark, whoever casts it,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βέλἐ","gloss":"theirs"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τῶν","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"βέλε","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἅπτεται","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"ἅπτεται","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hits"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀφήῃ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀφήῃ","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"casts"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b17-l632","source":"ἢ κακὸς ἢ ἀγαθός· Ζεὺς δʼ ἔμπης πάντʼ ἰθύνει·","translation":"coward or brave; Zeus guides them all alike,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀγαθός","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰθύνει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰθύνει","gloss":"all the same"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἰθύνει","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἰθύνει","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guides"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b17-l633","source":"ἡμῖν δʼ αὔτως πᾶσιν ἐτώσια πίπτει ἔραζε.","translation":"while all of ours fall useless to the ground.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πίπτει","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πίπτει","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμῖν","gloss":"all alike"},{"surface":"ἐτώσια","lemma":"ἐτώσιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"πίπτει","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"falls"},{"surface":"ἔραζε","lemma":"ἔραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πίπτει","gloss":"to earth"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b17-l634","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ αὐτοί περ φραζώμεθα μῆτιν ἀρίστην,","translation":"Come, let us ourselves devise the best plan,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l634.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγετ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"we ourselves"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"φραζώμεθα","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us consider"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φραζώμεθα","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"ἀρίστην","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies μῆτιν","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b17-l635","source":"ἠμὲν ὅπως τὸν νεκρὸν ἐρύσσομεν, ἠδὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ","translation":"both how we may drag away the corpse and how we ourselves","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l635.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἠμὲν ὅπως τὸν νεκρὸν ἐρύσσομεν, ἠδὲ καὶ","title":"Two aims in one plan","body":"The paired ἠμέν ... ἠδέ construction joins Ajax's two aims: recover Patroclus and bring the living defenders home. The sentence continues into the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies νεκρὸν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσσομεν","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσομεν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"we may drag"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"we ourselves"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b17-l636","source":"χάρμα φίλοις ἑτάροισι γενώμεθα νοστήσαντες,","translation":"may return and become a joy to our dear comrades,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάρμα","lemma":"χάρμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a delight"},{"surface":"φίλοις","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"our dear"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γενώμεθα","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"γενώμεθα","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"may become"},{"surface":"νοστήσαντες","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to γενώμεθα","gloss":"having returned"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b17-l637","source":"οἵ που δεῦρʼ ὁρόωντες ἀκηχέδατʼ, οὐδʼ ἔτι φασὶν","translation":"who must be looking this way in anguish and no longer think they can make","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὁρόωντες","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"ὁρόωντες","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀκηχέδατ̓","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἀκηχέδατ","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"perfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"are grieving"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχήσεσθ̓","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"φασὶν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"think"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b17-l638","source":"Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο μένος καὶ χεῖρας ἀάπτους","translation":"the fury and irresistible hands of man-slaying Hector","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l638.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χεῖρας ἀάπτους","title":"Irresistible hands","body":"ἄαπτος means not to be grasped or withstood. \"Irresistible hands\" is the poem's fixed rendering for the formula of overwhelming force."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Hector"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνοιο","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"man-slaying"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀάπτους","lemma":"ἄαπτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"irresistible"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b17-l639","source":"σχήσεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἐν νηυσὶ μελαίνῃσιν πεσέεσθαι.","translation":"hold back, but will fall upon the black ships.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχήσεσθ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"to hold back"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃσιν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"πεσέεσθαι","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"to fall"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b17-l640","source":"εἴη δʼ ὅς τις ἑταῖρος ἀπαγγείλειε τάχιστα","translation":"If only some comrade could carry word with all speed","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may there be"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπαγγείλειε","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"comrade"},{"surface":"ἀπαγγείλειε","lemma":"ἀπαγγέλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑταῖρος","gloss":"could report"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπαγγείλειε","gloss":"at once"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b17-l641","source":"Πηλεΐδῃ, ἐπεὶ οὔ μιν ὀΐομαι οὐδὲ πεπύσθαι","translation":"to Peleus' son, for I do not think he has even heard","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδῃ","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπαγγείλειε","gloss":"to Peleus's son"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πεπύσθαι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"πεπύσθαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐομαι","gloss":"has heard"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b17-l642","source":"λυγρῆς ἀγγελίης, ὅτι οἱ φίλος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος.","translation":"the bitter news that his dear companion has died.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λυγρῆς","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγγελίης","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίης","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"news"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φίλος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ὤλεθ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"has perished"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤλεθ̓","gloss":"comrade"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b17-l643","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ πῃ δύναμαι ἰδέειν τοιοῦτον Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"But nowhere can I see any such Achaean,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἰδέειν","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am able"},{"surface":"ἰδέειν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"τοιοῦτον","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἰδέειν","gloss":"such a man"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοιοῦτον","gloss":"among Achaeans"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b17-l644","source":"ἠέρι γὰρ κατέχονται ὁμῶς αὐτοί τε καὶ ἵπποι.","translation":"for men and horses alike are held in fog.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέρι","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατέχονται","gloss":"in mist"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατέχονται","lemma":"κατέχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are held"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέχονται","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b17-l645","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ ἀλλὰ σὺ ῥῦσαι ὑπʼ ἠέρος υἷας Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"Father Zeus, rescue the sons of the Achaeans from the murk,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l645.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπʼ ἠέρος","title":"Under the murk","body":"ἀήρ here is the thick lower air, a battle-fog that blocks sight, not the clear upper sky. Ajax asks first for vision, not victory."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥῦσαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ῥῦσαι","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rescue"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beneath"},{"surface":"ἠέρος","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"the murk"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ῥῦσαι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b17-l646","source":"ποίησον δʼ αἴθρην, δὸς δʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι·","translation":"make the sky clear, and grant our eyes to see;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l646.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποίησον","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴθρην","lemma":"αἴθρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποίησον","gloss":"the sky"},{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"our eyes"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"to behold"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b17-l647","source":"ἐν δὲ φάει καὶ ὄλεσσον, ἐπεί νύ τοι εὔαδεν οὕτως.","translation":"and in the light destroy us, since this is your pleasure.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l647.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὄλεσσον","title":"Destroy us in daylight","body":"ὄλεσσον is an aorist imperative: Ajax accepts destruction if Zeus wills it, but asks that it come openly in the light. The prayer's force lies in that stark concession."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φάει","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὄλεσσον","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroy us"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔαδεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὔαδεν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"εὔαδεν","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"it pleases"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔαδεν","gloss":"thus"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b17-l648","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὸν δὲ πατὴρ ὀλοφύρατο δάκρυ χέοντα·","translation":"So he spoke; the father pitied him as he wept,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀλοφύρατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀλοφύρατο","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ὀλοφύρατο","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέοντα","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέοντα","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τὸν","gloss":"weeping"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b17-l649","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἠέρα μὲν σκέδασεν καὶ ἀπῶσεν ὀμίχλην,","translation":"and at once scattered the murk and drove away the mist.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l649.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σκέδασεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέρα","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σκέδασεν","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σκέδασεν","lemma":"σκεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπῶσεν","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove away"},{"surface":"ὀμίχλην","lemma":"ὁμίχλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπῶσεν","gloss":"mist"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b17-l650","source":"ἠέλιος δʼ ἐπέλαμψε, μάχη δʼ ἐπὶ πᾶσα φαάνθη·","translation":"The sun shone out, and all the battle came to light.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l650.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέλαμψε","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέλαμψε","lemma":"ἐπιλάμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shone out"},{"surface":"μάχη","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φαάνθη","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχη","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"φαάνθη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b17-l651","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ Αἴας εἶπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον·","translation":"Then Ajax spoke to Menelaus, loud in the war-cry:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶπε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸν","gloss":"in battle-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαον","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b17-l652","source":"σκέπτεο νῦν Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς αἴ κεν ἴδηαι","translation":"\"Look now, Zeus-nurtured Menelaus, and see if you can find","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκέπτεο","lemma":"σκέπτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σκέπτεο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἴδηαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of αἴ","gloss":"you can see"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b17-l653","source":"ζωὸν ἔτʼ Ἀντίλοχον μεγαθύμου Νέστορος υἱόν,","translation":"Antilochus still alive, the son of great-hearted Nestor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωὸν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζωὸν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχον","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b17-l654","source":"ὄτρυνον δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ δαΐφρονι θᾶσσον ἰόντα","translation":"and urge him to go quickly to warlike Achilles","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l654.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄτρυνον","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge on"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰπεῖν","gloss":"to Achilles"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"battle-wise"},{"surface":"θᾶσσον","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰόντα","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἰόντα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰπεῖν","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b17-l655","source":"εἰπεῖν ὅττι ῥά οἱ πολὺ φίλτατος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος.","translation":"and tell him that his far dearest companion has died.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l655.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὄτρυνον","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φίλτατος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φίλτατος","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φίλτατος","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ὤλεθ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅττι","gloss":"has perished"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤλεθ̓","gloss":"comrade"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b17-l656","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος,","translation":"So he spoke, and Menelaus, loud in the war-cry, did not disobey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l656.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b17-l657","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι ὥς τίς τε λέων ἀπὸ μεσσαύλοιο,","translation":"He set out like a lion leaving a cattle-yard,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l657.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies λέων","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μεσσαύλοιο","lemma":"μέσαυλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"farmyard"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b17-l658","source":"ὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ ἄρ κε κάμῃσι κύνας τʼ ἄνδρας τʼ ἐρεθίζων,","translation":"who, when he has worn himself out provoking dogs and men who confront him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"κάμῃσι","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"wears himself out"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρεθίζων","lemma":"ἐρεθίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of κάμῃσι","gloss":"provoking"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b17-l659","source":"οἵ τέ μιν οὐκ εἰῶσι βοῶν ἐκ πῖαρ ἑλέσθαι","translation":"and will not let him seize the cattle's fat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l659.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰῶσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰῶσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εἰῶσι","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄνδρας","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πῖαρ","gloss":"of cattle"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πῖαρ","lemma":"πῖαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of εἰῶσι","gloss":"to seize"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b17-l660","source":"πάννυχοι ἐγρήσσοντες· ὃ δὲ κρειῶν ἐρατίζων","translation":"keeping watch all night; and craving flesh,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l660.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάννυχοι","lemma":"πάννυχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"ἐγρήσσοντες","lemma":"ἐγρήσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰῶσι","gloss":"keeping watch"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰθύει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρειῶν","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρατίζων","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"ἐρατίζων","lemma":"ἐρατίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰθύει","gloss":"craving"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b17-l661","source":"ἰθύει, ἀλλʼ οὔ τι πρήσσει· θαμέες γὰρ ἄκοντες","translation":"he charges straight on, but gains nothing, for spears in a mass","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰθύει","lemma":"ἰθύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"charges"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"οὔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρήσσει","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"πρήσσει","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gains"},{"surface":"θαμέες","lemma":"θαμέες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thickly clustered"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄκοντες","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b17-l662","source":"ἀντίον ἀΐσσουσι θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν,","translation":"fly against him from bold hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l662.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΐσσουσι","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"ἀΐσσουσι","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"θρασειάων","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b17-l663","source":"καιόμεναί τε δεταί, τάς τε τρεῖ ἐσσύμενός περ·","translation":"and burning brands, which he fears, eager though he is;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καιόμεναί","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifies δεταί","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεταί","lemma":"δετή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"brands"},{"surface":"τάς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of τρεῖ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τρεῖ","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δεταί","gloss":"fears"},{"surface":"ἐσσύμενός","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τρεῖ","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b17-l664","source":"ἠῶθεν δʼ ἀπονόσφιν ἔβη τετιηότι θυμῷ·","translation":"at dawn he goes far away, his heart in pain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἠῶθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπονόσφιν","lemma":"ἀπονόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔβη","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"τετιηότι","lemma":"τετίημαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"with grieving"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b17-l665","source":"ὣς ἀπὸ Πατρόκλοιο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος","translation":"So from Patroclus Menelaus, good at the war-cry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤϊε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b17-l666","source":"ἤϊε πόλλʼ ἀέκων· περὶ γὰρ δίε μή μιν Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"went away, much against his will; for he greatly feared the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l666.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀέκων","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἀέκων","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against his will"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δίε","lemma":"δίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feared"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίποιεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of λίποιεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b17-l667","source":"ἀργαλέου πρὸ φόβοιο ἕλωρ δηΐοισι λίποιεν.","translation":"might leave him as spoil for the enemy in their harsh rout.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l667.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργαλέου","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φόβοιο","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in the face of"},{"surface":"φόβοιο","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"of rout"},{"surface":"ἕλωρ","lemma":"ἕλωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"spoil"},{"surface":"δηΐοισι","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to λίποιεν","gloss":"to their enemies"},{"surface":"λίποιεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"might leave"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b17-l668","source":"πολλὰ δὲ Μηριόνῃ τε καὶ Αἰάντεσσʼ ἐπέτελλεν·","translation":"He laid many commands on Meriones and the two Ajaxes:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l668.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μηριόνῃ","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to Meriones"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰάντεσσ","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to the Ajaxes"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλεν","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid commands"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b17-l669","source":"Αἴαντʼ Ἀργείων ἡγήτορε Μηριόνη τε","translation":"\"You two Ajaxes, leaders of the Argives, and Meriones,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντ","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative dual masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"two Ajaxes"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡγήτορε","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορε","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative dual masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"two leaders"},{"surface":"Μηριόνη","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b17-l670","source":"νῦν τις ἐνηείης Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο","translation":"now let each man remember the kindness of poor Patroclus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l670.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐνηείης","title":"Patroclus' kindness","body":"ἐνηείη is gentleness or kindly feeling toward others. Menelaus asks the defenders to remember Patroclus' character while they guard his body."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μνησάσθω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μνησάσθω","gloss":"each man"},{"surface":"ἐνηείης","lemma":"ἐνηείη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνησάσθω","gloss":"of the kindness"},{"surface":"Πατροκλῆος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνηείης","gloss":"of Patroclus"},{"surface":"δειλοῖο","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατροκλῆος","gloss":"poor"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b17-l671","source":"μνησάσθω· πᾶσιν γὰρ ἐπίστατο μείλιχος εἶναι","translation":"for while he lived he knew how to be gentle to all.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l671.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνησάσθω","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him remember"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπίστατο","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"μείλιχος","lemma":"μείλιχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπίστατο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b17-l672","source":"ζωὸς ἐών· νῦν αὖ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κιχάνει.","translation":"Now death and fate have overtaken him.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l672.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα","title":"Death and fate","body":"θάνατος and μοῖρα arrive together as paired powers: death itself and the allotted fate that brings it. Menelaus closes without softening Patroclus' finality."}],"words":[{"surface":"ζωὸς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπίστατο","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιχάνει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιχάνει","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"κιχάνει","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has overtaken"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b17-l673","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη ξανθὸς Μενέλαος,","translation":"So speaking, golden-haired Menelaus went away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l673.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέβη","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b17-l674","source":"πάντοσε παπταίνων ὥς τʼ αἰετός, ὅν ῥά τέ φασιν","translation":"looking everywhere, like an eagle, which they say","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοσε","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παπταίνων","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"παπταίνων","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"searching"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"αἰετός","lemma":"ἀετός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"an eagle"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέρκεσθαι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"usually"},{"surface":"φασιν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"they say"}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b17-l675","source":"ὀξύτατον δέρκεσθαι ὑπουρανίων πετεηνῶν,","translation":"has the keenest sight of all the birds beneath the sky;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξύτατον","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to δέρκεσθαι","gloss":"most keenly"},{"surface":"δέρκεσθαι","lemma":"δέρκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φασιν","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"ὑπουρανίων","lemma":"ὑπουράνιος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πετεηνῶν","gloss":"beneath the sky"},{"surface":"πετεηνῶν","lemma":"πετεινός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"of birds"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b17-l676","source":"ὅν τε καὶ ὑψόθʼ ἐόντα πόδας ταχὺς οὐκ ἔλαθε πτὼξ","translation":"though it is high aloft, the swift-footed hare does not escape it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l676.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλαθε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὑψόθ","lemma":"ὑψόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"on high"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"though being"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταχὺς","gloss":"of foot"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτὼξ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔλαθε","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"escapes notice of"},{"surface":"πτὼξ","lemma":"πτώξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαθε","gloss":"hare"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b17-l677","source":"θάμνῳ ὑπʼ ἀμφικόμῳ κατακείμενος, ἀλλά τʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ","translation":"lying beneath a thick-leaved bush, but down upon it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάμνῳ","lemma":"θάμνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"a bush"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἀμφικόμῳ","lemma":"ἀμφίκομος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάμνῳ","gloss":"thick-leaved"},{"surface":"κατακείμενος","lemma":"κατακείω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλαθε","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b17-l678","source":"ἔσσυτο, καί τέ μιν ὦκα λαβὼν ἐξείλετο θυμόν.","translation":"the eagle swoops, quickly seizes it, and takes away its life.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσυτο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"swoops"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξείλετο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξείλετο","gloss":"having seized"},{"surface":"ἐξείλετο","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"takes away"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξείλετο","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b17-l679","source":"ὣς τότε σοὶ Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς ὄσσε φαεινὼ","translation":"So then, Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus, your two bright eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l679.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σοὶ Μενέλαε","title":"The poet addresses Menelaus","body":"The narrator turns directly to Menelaus in the vocative, briefly addressing the hero inside the battle narrative."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δινείσθην","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δινείσθην","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δινείσθην","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of δινείσθην","gloss":"two eyes"},{"surface":"φαεινὼ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"nominative dual neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b17-l680","source":"πάντοσε δινείσθην πολέων κατὰ ἔθνος ἑταίρων,","translation":"ranged everywhere through the throng of your many companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l680.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοσε","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δινείσθην","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"δινείσθην","lemma":"δινεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were ranging"},{"surface":"πολέων","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρων","gloss":"of many"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"your comrades"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b17-l681","source":"εἴ που Νέστορος υἱὸν ἔτι ζώοντα ἴδοιτο.","translation":"in hope of seeing Nestor's son still alive.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l681.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Nestor's"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδοιτο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζώοντα","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ζώοντα","lemma":"ζῶ","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἴδοιτο","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"he might see"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b17-l682","source":"τὸν δὲ μάλʼ αἶψʼ ἐνόησε μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ πάσης","translation":"He quickly noticed him on the left of the whole battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστερὰ","gloss":"of the battle"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὰ","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"left flank"},{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"of the whole"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b17-l683","source":"θαρσύνονθʼ ἑτάρους καὶ ἐποτρύνοντα μάχεσθαι,","translation":"heartening his companions and urging them to fight,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαρσύνονθ","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"heartening"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θαρσύνονθ̓","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνοντα","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐποτρύνοντα","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b17-l684","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος προσέφη ξανθὸς Μενέλαος·","translation":"and golden-haired Menelaus stood close beside him and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστάμενος","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστάμενος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b17-l685","source":"Ἀντίλοχʼ εἰ δʼ ἄγε δεῦρο διοτρεφὲς ὄφρα πύθηαι","translation":"\"Antilochus, come here, nurtured of Zeus, and learn","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l685.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχ̓","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πύθηαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"learn"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b17-l686","source":"λυγρῆς ἀγγελίης, ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι.","translation":"grievous news, which ought never to have happened.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l686.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι","title":"A wish against what happened","body":"The imperfect ὤφελλε with the infinitive expresses an unfulfilled wish: Menelaus wishes the event had never taken place, though it has."}],"words":[{"surface":"λυγρῆς","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγγελίης","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίης","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πύθηαι","gloss":"news"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὤφελλε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ὤφελλε","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀγγελίης","gloss":"ought to have"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὤφελλε","gloss":"to have happened"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b17-l687","source":"ἤδη μὲν σὲ καὶ αὐτὸν ὀΐομαι εἰσορόωντα","translation":"I think that you yourself, looking on,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γιγνώσκειν","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γιγνώσκειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντα","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γιγνώσκειν","gloss":"watching"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b17-l688","source":"γιγνώσκειν ὅτι πῆμα θεὸς Δαναοῖσι κυλίνδει,","translation":"already know that a god is rolling disaster upon the Danaans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκειν","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐομαι","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κυλίνδει","gloss":"bane"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κυλίνδει","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κυλίνδει","gloss":"upon the Danaans"},{"surface":"κυλίνδει","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"is rolling"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b17-l689","source":"νίκη δὲ Τρώων· πέφαται δʼ ὤριστος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"and victory belongs to the Trojans; the best of the Achaeans has been slain,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίκη","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"belongs to Trojans"},{"surface":"πέφαται","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been killed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Πάτροκλος","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὤριστος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b17-l690","source":"Πάτροκλος, μεγάλη δὲ ποθὴ Δαναοῖσι τέτυκται.","translation":"Patroclus, and a great loss has come upon the Danaans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l690.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέφαται","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"μεγάλη","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ποθὴ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποθὴ","lemma":"ποθή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέτυκται","gloss":"loss"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τέτυκται","gloss":"upon the Danaans"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has arisen"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b17-l691","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ αἶψʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ θέων ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"But run quickly to Achilles beside the ships of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰπεῖν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέων","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰπεῖν","gloss":"to Achilles"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰπεῖν","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b17-l692","source":"εἰπεῖν, αἴ κε τάχιστα νέκυν ἐπὶ νῆα σαώσῃ","translation":"and tell him, in hope that he may quickly bring the corpse safe to his ship,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in hope that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to σαώσῃ","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σαώσῃ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"his ship"},{"surface":"σαώσῃ","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"may bring safely"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b17-l693","source":"γυμνόν· ἀτὰρ τά γε τεύχεʼ ἔχει κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"naked; but Hector of the flashing helm holds his armor.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l693.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γυμνόν","title":"The corpse and the armor","body":"Patroclus' corpse is naked because Hector has stripped it. Hector holds the armor here, but Achilles remains its owner."}],"words":[{"surface":"γυμνόν","lemma":"γυμνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέκυν","gloss":"naked"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"flashing-helmed"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b17-l694","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀντίλοχος δὲ κατέστυγε μῦθον ἀκούσας·","translation":"So he spoke, and Antilochus shuddered at hearing his words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέστυγε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατέστυγε","lemma":"καταστυγέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shuddered"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσας","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἀκούσας","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέστυγε","gloss":"having heard"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b17-l695","source":"δὴν δέ μιν ἀμφασίη ἐπέων λάβε, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε","translation":"For a long while speechlessness held him; his two eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l695.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμφασίη ἐπέων","title":"Speechlessness","body":"Antilochus is literally held by a lack of words. The phrase makes his first response to the news stunned silence rather than speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"a long while"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀμφασίη","lemma":"ἀμφασίη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λάβε","gloss":"speechlessness"},{"surface":"ἐπέων","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀμφασίη","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter article","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"his two"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πλῆσθεν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of πλῆσθεν","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b17-l696","source":"δακρυόφι πλῆσθεν, θαλερὴ δέ οἱ ἔσχετο φωνή.","translation":"filled with tears, and his strong voice was checked.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δακρυόφι","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of πλῆσθεν","gloss":"with tears"},{"surface":"πλῆσθεν","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were filled"},{"surface":"θαλερὴ","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φωνή","gloss":"vigorous"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσχετο","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔσχετο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was checked"},{"surface":"φωνή","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσχετο","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b17-l697","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς Μενελάου ἐφημοσύνης ἀμέλησε,","translation":"Yet even so he did not neglect Menelaus' command.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμέλησε","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"Μενελάου","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐφημοσύνης","gloss":"of Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἐφημοσύνης","lemma":"ἐφημοσύνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμέλησε","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"ἀμέλησε","lemma":"ἀμελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"neglect"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b17-l698","source":"βῆ δὲ θέειν, τὰ δὲ τεύχεʼ ἀμύμονι δῶκεν ἑταίρῳ","translation":"He set out running, and gave his armor to his blameless companion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"set out running"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονι","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρῳ","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἑταίρῳ","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b17-l699","source":"Λαοδόκῳ, ὅς οἱ σχεδὸν ἔστρεφε μώνυχας ἵππους.","translation":"Laodocus, who close beside him wheeled the single-hooved horses.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l699.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Λαοδόκῳ","title":"Laodocus","body":"Laodocus is Antilochus' nearby companion and takes his armor while tending the horses. He is not the messenger sent to Achilles."}],"words":[{"surface":"Λαοδόκῳ","lemma":"Λαόδοκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Laodocus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστρεφε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σχεδὸν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστρεφε","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"ἔστρεφε","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Λαοδόκῳ","gloss":"was wheeling"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔστρεφε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b17-l700","source":"τὸν μὲν δάκρυ χέοντα πόδες φέρον ἐκ πολέμοιο","translation":"His feet bore him weeping out of the fighting","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέοντα","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέοντα","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b17-l701","source":"Πηλεΐδῃ Ἀχιλῆϊ κακὸν ἔπος ἀγγελέοντα.","translation":"to carry the evil news to Achilles, son of Peleus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l701.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδῃ","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"to Peleus's son"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγγελέοντα","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγγελέοντα","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀγγελέοντα","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"future active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going to report"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b17-l702","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρα σοὶ Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς ἤθελε θυμὸς","translation":"Nor, Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus, did your heart desire","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"desired"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤθελε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b17-l703","source":"τειρομένοις ἑτάροισιν ἀμυνέμεν, ἔνθεν ἀπῆλθεν","translation":"to defend the hard-pressed companions from whom Antilochus had gone,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τειρομένοις","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"hard-pressed"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμυνέμεν","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελε","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπῆλθεν","gloss":"from whom"},{"surface":"ἀπῆλθεν","lemma":"ἀπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"had departed"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b17-l704","source":"Ἀντίλοχος, μεγάλη δὲ ποθὴ Πυλίοισιν ἐτύχθη·","translation":"and a great loss had come upon the Pylians;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l704.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μεγάλη δὲ ποθὴ Πυλίοισιν","title":"The Pylians miss Antilochus","body":"Antilochus' departure leaves his own Pylian contingent with a serious battlefield loss. The line does not mean that the Pylians have lost him to death."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπῆλθεν","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"μεγάλη","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ποθὴ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποθὴ","lemma":"ποθή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐτύχθη","gloss":"loss"},{"surface":"Πυλίοισιν","lemma":"Πύλιος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχθη","gloss":"upon the Pylians"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had arisen"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b17-l705","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε τοῖσιν μὲν Θρασυμήδεα δῖον ἀνῆκεν,","translation":"but he sent godlike Thrasymedes among them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Θρασυμήδεα","lemma":"Θρασυμήδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"Thrasymedes"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θρασυμήδεα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκεν","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b17-l706","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ ἥρωϊ βεβήκει,","translation":"while he himself went back to the hero Patroclus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἥρωϊ","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλῳ","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b17-l707","source":"στῆ δὲ παρʼ Αἰάντεσσι θέων, εἶθαρ δὲ προσηύδα·","translation":"He ran and stood beside the two Ajaxes, and at once addressed them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l707.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Αἰάντεσσι","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"the Ajaxes"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"εἶθαρ","lemma":"εἶθαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b17-l708","source":"κεῖνον μὲν δὴ νηυσὶν ἐπιπροέηκα θοῇσιν","translation":"\"I have sent that man forward to the swift ships","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l708.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπιπροέηκα","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιπροέηκα","gloss":"to the ships"},{"surface":"ἐπιπροέηκα","lemma":"ἐπιπροίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have sent"},{"surface":"θοῇσιν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b17-l709","source":"ἐλθεῖν εἰς Ἀχιλῆα πόδας ταχύν· οὐδέ μιν οἴω","translation":"to go to swift-footed Achilles; but I do not think he will","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l709.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπιπροέηκα","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταχύν","gloss":"of foot"},{"surface":"ταχύν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰέναι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"οἴω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b17-l710","source":"νῦν ἰέναι μάλα περ κεχολωμένον Ἕκτορι δίῳ·","translation":"come now, however angry he may be with godlike Hector,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of οἴω","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κεχολωμένον","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"though angered"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχολωμένον","gloss":"with Hector"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b17-l711","source":"οὐ γάρ πως ἂν γυμνὸς ἐὼν Τρώεσσι μάχοιτο.","translation":"for he could not fight the Trojans while naked.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l711.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γυμνὸς ἐὼν","title":"Achilles without armor","body":"Here naked means unarmored: Achilles cannot enter battle because Hector holds the armor he lent to Patroclus. Menelaus does not claim that Achilles is literally unclothed."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὔπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"οὔπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"γυμνὸς","lemma":"γυμνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unarmed"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχοιτο","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχοιτο","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μάχοιτο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fight"}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b17-l712","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ αὐτοί περ φραζώμεθα μῆτιν ἀρίστην,","translation":"But let us ourselves devise the best plan,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l712.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φραζώμεθα","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"we ourselves"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"φραζώμεθα","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us consider"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φραζώμεθα","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"ἀρίστην","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies μῆτιν","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b17-l713","source":"ἠμὲν ὅπως τὸν νεκρὸν ἐρύσσομεν, ἠδὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ","translation":"both how we may drag away the corpse and how we ourselves","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l713.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies νεκρὸν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσσομεν","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσομεν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"we may drag"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"we ourselves"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b17-l714","source":"Τρώων ἐξ ἐνοπῆς θάνατον καὶ κῆρα φύγωμεν.","translation":"may escape death and fate from the Trojans' battle-cry.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l714.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνοπῆς","gloss":"from the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ἐνοπῆς","lemma":"ἐνοπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θάνατον","gloss":"battle-din"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"φύγωμεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"may escape"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b17-l715","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·","translation":"Then great Telamonian Ajax answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l715.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b17-l716","source":"πάντα κατʼ αἶσαν ἔειπες ἀγακλεὲς ὦ Μενέλαε·","translation":"\"All that you have said is right, glorious Menelaus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l716.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"αἶσαν","lemma":"Αἶσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have spoken"},{"surface":"ἀγακλεὲς","lemma":"ἀγακλεής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b17-l717","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν καὶ Μηριόνης ὑποδύντε μάλʼ ὦκα","translation":"But you and Meriones stoop down very quickly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l717.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"ὑποδύντε","lemma":"ὑποδύομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρετ̓","gloss":"having stooped beneath"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποδύντε","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b17-l718","source":"νεκρὸν ἀείραντες φέρετʼ ἐκ πόνου· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθε","translation":"lift the corpse, and bear it from the toil; behind you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l718.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑποδύντε","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἀείραντες","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρετ̓","gloss":"having lifted"},{"surface":"φέρετ","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πόνου","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the struggle"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχησόμεθα","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b17-l719","source":"νῶϊ μαχησόμεθα Τρωσίν τε καὶ Ἕκτορι δίῳ","translation":"we two will fight the Trojans and godlike Hector,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχησόμεθα","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"μαχησόμεθα","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fight"},{"surface":"Τρωσίν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b17-l720","source":"ἶσον θυμὸν ἔχοντες ὁμώνυμοι, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ","translation":"equal in spirit and bearing the same name, we who before now","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l720.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἶσον","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μαχησόμεθα","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"ὁμώνυμοι","lemma":"ὁμώνυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῶϊ","gloss":"sharing one name"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μίμνομεν","gloss":"we who"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μίμνομεν","gloss":"former times"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":721,"label":"721","id":"b17-l721","source":"μίμνομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα παρʼ ἀλλήλοισι μένοντες.","translation":"have stood side by side and endured sharp Ares.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l721.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίμνομεν","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νῶϊ","gloss":"stand firm"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μίμνομεν","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"μένοντες","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μίμνομεν","gloss":"holding ground"}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b17-l722","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα νεκρὸν ἀπὸ χθονὸς ἀγκάζοντο","translation":"So he spoke; the two took the corpse in their arms from the ground","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l722.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγκάζοντο","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγκάζοντο","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χθονὸς","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἀγκάζοντο","lemma":"ἀγκάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were lifting in arms"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b17-l723","source":"ὕψι μάλα μεγάλως· ἐπὶ δʼ ἴαχε λαὸς ὄπισθε","translation":"and raised it very high with a mighty effort; behind them the Trojan","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l723.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕψι","lemma":"ὕψι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγκάζοντο","gloss":"aloft"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μεγάλως","lemma":"μεγάλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγκάζοντο","gloss":"with mighty effort"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴαχε","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"λαὸς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴαχε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies λαὸς","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b17-l724","source":"Τρωϊκός, ὡς εἴδοντο νέκυν αἴροντας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"host cried out when they saw the Achaeans lifting the corpse.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l724.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωϊκός","lemma":"Τρωικός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸς","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εἴδοντο","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"they saw"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of αἴροντας","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"αἴροντας","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lifting"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of εἴδοντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":725,"label":"725","id":"b17-l725","source":"ἴθυσαν δὲ κύνεσσιν ἐοικότες, οἵ τʼ ἐπὶ κάπρῳ","translation":"They charged straight on like dogs that rush upon a wounded boar","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l725.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴθυσαν","lemma":"ἰθύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed on"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνεσσιν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴθυσαν","gloss":"resembling"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀΐξωσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κάπρῳ","lemma":"κάπρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"a boar"}]},{"number":726,"label":"726","id":"b17-l726","source":"βλημένῳ ἀΐξωσι πρὸ κούρων θηρητήρων·","translation":"before a band of young huntsmen.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l726.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βλημένῳ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies κάπρῳ","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ἀΐξωσι","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κύνεσσιν","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"κούρων","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"θηρητήρων","lemma":"θηρατήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρων","gloss":"hunters"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b17-l727","source":"ἕως μὲν γάρ τε θέουσι διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες,","translation":"For as long as they run, eager to tear him apart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l727.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕως","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέουσι","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"θέουσι","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they run"},{"surface":"διαρραῖσαι","lemma":"διαρραίω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαῶτες","gloss":"to tear apart"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτες","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θέουσι","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":728,"label":"728","id":"b17-l728","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐν τοῖσιν ἑλίξεται ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς,","translation":"but when he wheels among them, trusting in his strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l728.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑλίξεται","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"ἑλίξεται","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχώρησαν","gloss":"wheels"},{"surface":"ἀλκὶ","lemma":"ἀλκί","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πεποιθώς","gloss":"in his strength"},{"surface":"πεποιθώς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑλίξεται","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b17-l729","source":"ἄψ τʼ ἀνεχώρησαν διά τʼ ἔτρεσαν ἄλλυδις ἄλλος.","translation":"they draw back again and scatter in fear, each a different way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l729.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχώρησαν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνεχώρησαν","lemma":"ἀναχωρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"διά","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in all directions"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτρεσαν","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered in fear"},{"surface":"ἄλλυδις","lemma":"ἄλλυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in different directions"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b17-l730","source":"ὣς Τρῶες εἷος μὲν ὁμιλαδὸν αἰὲν ἕποντο","translation":"So the Trojans, as long as they followed always in a mass,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὁμιλαδὸν","lemma":"ὁμιλαδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"in a mass"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"continually"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":731,"label":"731","id":"b17-l731","source":"νύσσοντες ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισιν·","translation":"stabbing with swords and double-pointed spears","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l731.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισιν","title":"Double-pointed spears","body":"The adjective describes spears fitted with a point at each end, not blades sharpened along two edges."}],"words":[{"surface":"νύσσοντες","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"thrusting"},{"surface":"ξίφεσίν","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with swords"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσιν","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with spears"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγύοισιν","lemma":"ἀμφίγυος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεσιν","gloss":"double-pointed"}]},{"number":732,"label":"732","id":"b17-l732","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ Αἴαντε μεταστρεφθέντε κατʼ αὐτοὺς","translation":"but when the two Ajaxes turned about against them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l732.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σταίησαν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of σταίησαν","gloss":"the two Ajaxes"},{"surface":"μεταστρεφθέντε","lemma":"μεταστρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to σταίησαν","gloss":"having turned around"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b17-l733","source":"σταίησαν, τῶν δὲ τράπετο χρώς, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη","translation":"and stood fast, their skin changed color, and no one dared","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l733.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σταίησαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τράπετο","gloss":"stood fast"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χρώς","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τράπετο","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"changed"},{"surface":"χρώς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τράπετο","gloss":"skin color"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλη","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἔτλη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b17-l734","source":"πρόσσω ἀΐξας περὶ νεκροῦ δηριάασθαι.","translation":"spring forward and struggle for the corpse.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l734.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀΐξας","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"ἀΐξας","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔτλη","gloss":"having darted"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νεκροῦ","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"δηριάασθαι","lemma":"δηριάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλη","gloss":"to struggle"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b17-l735","source":"ὣς οἵ γʼ ἐμμεμαῶτε νέκυν φέρον ἐκ πολέμοιο","translation":"So the two, straining hard, bore the corpse from the fighting","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l735.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμμεμαῶτε","lemma":"ἐμμεμαώς","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"straining hard"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were carrying"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b17-l736","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· ἐπὶ δὲ πτόλεμος τέτατό σφιν","translation":"toward the hollow ships; and war was stretched tight around them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτόλεμος","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέτατό","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τέτατό","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been stretched"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέτατό","gloss":"around them"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b17-l737","source":"ἄγριος ἠΰτε πῦρ, τό τʼ ἐπεσσύμενον πόλιν ἀνδρῶν","translation":"savage as fire that, rushing upon a city of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l737.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγριος","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτόλεμος","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of φλεγέθει","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσύμενον","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to φλεγέθει","gloss":"having rushed"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπεσσύμενον","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b17-l738","source":"ὄρμενον ἐξαίφνης φλεγέθει, μινύθουσι δὲ οἶκοι","translation":"suddenly flares up; houses waste away","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l738.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρμενον","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to φλεγέθει","gloss":"having arisen"},{"surface":"ἐξαίφνης","lemma":"ἐξαίφνης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρμενον","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"φλεγέθει","lemma":"φλεγέθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"flares up"},{"surface":"μινύθουσι","lemma":"μινύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"waste away"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶκοι","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μινύθουσι","gloss":"houses"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b17-l739","source":"ἐν σέλαϊ μεγάλῳ· τὸ δʼ ἐπιβρέμει ἲς ἀνέμοιο.","translation":"in the great blaze, while the force of the wind roars over it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σέλαϊ","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"blaze"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σέλαϊ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιβρέμει","gloss":"over it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιβρέμει","lemma":"ἐπιβρέμω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roars over it"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιβρέμει","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"of wind"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b17-l740","source":"ὣς μὲν τοῖς ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν αἰχμητάων","translation":"So the ceaseless clamor of horses and spearmen","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l740.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπήϊεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπήϊεν","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"αἰχμητάων","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"spearmen"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b17-l741","source":"ἀζηχὴς ὀρυμαγδὸς ἐπήϊεν ἐρχομένοισιν·","translation":"came upon them as they went.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l741.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀζηχὴς","lemma":"ἀζηχής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρυμαγδὸς","gloss":"unceasing"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδὸς","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπήϊεν","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ἐπήϊεν","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came upon"},{"surface":"ἐρχομένοισιν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies τοῖς","gloss":"as they went"}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b17-l742","source":"οἳ δʼ ὥς θʼ ἡμίονοι κρατερὸν μένος ἀμφιβαλόντες","translation":"And as mules, clothing themselves in mighty strength,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλκωσ̓","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἡμίονοι","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλκωσ̓","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"κρατερὸν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφιβαλόντες","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἀμφιβαλόντες","lemma":"ἀμφιβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκωσ̓","gloss":"clothed in"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b17-l743","source":"ἕλκωσʼ ἐξ ὄρεος κατὰ παιπαλόεσσαν ἀταρπὸν","translation":"drag down from a mountain along a rugged track","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκωσ","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"drag"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὄρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"παιπαλόεσσαν","lemma":"παιπαλόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀταρπὸν","gloss":"rugged"},{"surface":"ἀταρπὸν","lemma":"ἀτραπός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"track"}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b17-l744","source":"ἢ δοκὸν ἠὲ δόρυ μέγα νήϊον· ἐν δέ τε θυμὸς","translation":"a beam or a great piece of timber for a ship, and their hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l744.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δοκὸν","lemma":"δοκός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"beam"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"timber"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"νήϊον","lemma":"νήιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"for a ship"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τείρεθ̓","gloss":"hearts"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b17-l745","source":"τείρεθʼ ὁμοῦ καμάτῳ τε καὶ ἱδρῷ σπευδόντεσσιν·","translation":"are worn together by toil and sweat as they hurry on,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l745.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τείρεθ","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"is worn down"},{"surface":"ὁμοῦ","lemma":"ὁμοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τείρεθ̓","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"καμάτῳ","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"by toil"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱδρῷ","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"σπευδόντεσσιν","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τείρεθ̓","gloss":"as they hurry"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b17-l746","source":"ὣς οἵ γʼ ἐμμεμαῶτε νέκυν φέρον. αὐτὰρ ὄπισθεν","translation":"so the two, straining hard, bore the corpse. Behind them","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l746.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμμεμαῶτε","lemma":"ἐμμεμαώς","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"straining hard"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὄπισθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰσχανέτην","gloss":"behind them"}]},{"number":747,"label":"747","id":"b17-l747","source":"Αἴαντʼ ἰσχανέτην, ὥς τε πρὼν ἰσχάνει ὕδωρ","translation":"the two Ajaxes held the enemy back, as a wooded ridge,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l747.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντ","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰσχανέτην","gloss":"the two Ajaxes"},{"surface":"ἰσχανέτην","lemma":"ἰσχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were holding back"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰσχάνει","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"πρὼν","lemma":"πρών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰσχάνει","gloss":"a ridge"},{"surface":"ἰσχάνει","lemma":"ἰσχάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἰσχανέτην","gloss":"holds back"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἰσχάνει","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":748,"label":"748","id":"b17-l748","source":"ὑλήεις πεδίοιο διαπρύσιον τετυχηκώς,","translation":"stretching unbroken across a plain, holds back water,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l748.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑλήεις","lemma":"ὑλήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πρὼν","gloss":"wooded"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of the plain"},{"surface":"διαπρύσιον","lemma":"διαπρύσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"preposition","gloss":"unbroken across"},{"surface":"τετυχηκώς","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰσχάνει","gloss":"formed"}]},{"number":749,"label":"749","id":"b17-l749","source":"ὅς τε καὶ ἰφθίμων ποταμῶν ἀλεγεινὰ ῥέεθρα","translation":"and checks the grievous streams even of mighty rivers,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l749.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσχει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἰφθίμων","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμῶν","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ποταμῶν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"of rivers"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινὰ","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἴσχει","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":750,"label":"750","id":"b17-l750","source":"ἴσχει, ἄφαρ δέ τε πᾶσι ῥόον πεδίον δὲ τίθησι","translation":"turning the course of them all at once toward the plain;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l750.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσχει","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"checks"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίθησι","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to τίθησι","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίθησι","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τίθησι","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"τίθησι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"turns"}]},{"number":751,"label":"751","id":"b17-l751","source":"πλάζων· οὐδέ τί μιν σθένεϊ ῥηγνῦσι ῥέοντες·","translation":"nor do the flowing rivers break it with their strength.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l751.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλάζων","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίθησι","gloss":"turning aside"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ῥηγνῦσι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ῥηγνῦσι","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"σθένεϊ","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ῥηγνῦσι","gloss":"with strength"},{"surface":"ῥηγνῦσι","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"break"},{"surface":"ῥέοντες","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥηγνῦσι","gloss":"flowing"}]},{"number":752,"label":"752","id":"b17-l752","source":"ὣς αἰεὶ Αἴαντε μάχην ἀνέεργον ὀπίσσω","translation":"So the two Ajaxes always held back the Trojan battle behind them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l752.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέεργον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέεργον","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέεργον","gloss":"the two Ajaxes"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέεργον","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἀνέεργον","lemma":"ἀνείργω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέεργον","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":753,"label":"753","id":"b17-l753","source":"Τρώων· οἳ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο, δύω δʼ ἐν τοῖσι μάλιστα","translation":"Yet they followed close, and foremost among them were two,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l753.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μάχην","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"above all"}]},{"number":754,"label":"754","id":"b17-l754","source":"Αἰνείας τʼ Ἀγχισιάδης καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"Aeneas, son of Anchises, and glorious Hector.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l754.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγχισιάδης","lemma":"Ἀγχισιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἰνείας","gloss":"son of Anchises"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":755,"label":"755","id":"b17-l755","source":"τῶν δʼ ὥς τε ψαρῶν νέφος ἔρχεται ἠὲ κολοιῶν","translation":"As a cloud of starlings or jackdaws comes on","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l755.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ψαρῶν","lemma":"ψάρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"starlings"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔρχεται","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἔρχεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"comes on"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κολοιῶν","lemma":"κολοιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"jackdaws"}]},{"number":756,"label":"756","id":"b17-l756","source":"οὖλον κεκλήγοντες, ὅτε προΐδωσιν ἰόντα","translation":"shrieking ruinously when they see a hawk coming,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l756.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὖλον","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κεκλήγοντες","gloss":"ruinously"},{"surface":"κεκλήγοντες","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεται","gloss":"shrieking"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προΐδωσιν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"προΐδωσιν","lemma":"προεῖδον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεται","gloss":"see approaching"},{"surface":"ἰόντα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":757,"label":"757","id":"b17-l757","source":"κίρκον, ὅ τε σμικρῇσι φόνον φέρει ὀρνίθεσσιν,","translation":"which brings death to small birds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l757.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κίρκον","lemma":"κίρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προΐδωσιν","gloss":"hawk"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"σμικρῇσι","lemma":"μικρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρνίθεσσιν","gloss":"to small"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"φέρει","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κίρκον","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"ὀρνίθεσσιν","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"birds"}]},{"number":758,"label":"758","id":"b17-l758","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ὑπʼ Αἰνείᾳ τε καὶ Ἕκτορι κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"so before Aeneas and Hector the young Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l758.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴσαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Αἰνείᾳ","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":759,"label":"759","id":"b17-l759","source":"οὖλον κεκλήγοντες ἴσαν, λήθοντο δὲ χάρμης.","translation":"went on with ruinous cries and forgot the joy of battle.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l759.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λήθοντο δὲ χάρμης","title":"Forgetting battle-joy","body":"The phrase marks the Achaeans' rout: under pressure from Aeneas and Hector, they lose the fierce eagerness for combat that had sustained them."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὖλον","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κεκλήγοντες","gloss":"ruinously"},{"surface":"κεκλήγοντες","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴσαν","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"λήθοντο","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάρμης","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λήθοντο","gloss":"of battle"}]},{"number":760,"label":"760","id":"b17-l760","source":"πολλὰ δὲ τεύχεα καλὰ πέσον περί τʼ ἀμφί τε τάφρον","translation":"Much fine armor fell around and about the trench","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l760.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πέσον","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"πέσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"περί","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφί","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφί","gloss":"trench"}]},{"number":761,"label":"761","id":"b17-l761","source":"φευγόντων Δαναῶν· πολέμου δʼ οὐ γίγνετʼ ἐρωή.","translation":"as the Danaans fled, and there was no pause in the fighting.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b17-l761.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φευγόντων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσον","gloss":"as they fled"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φευγόντων","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐρωή","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γίγνετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was there"},{"surface":"ἐρωή","lemma":"ἐρωή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνετ̓","gloss":"pause"}]}]}