{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":18,"id":"book-18","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Σ","translated":"Book 18 — The Shield of Achilles"},"section":"The Ransom of Hector","summary":"Achilles learns of Patroclus's death. His cry from the ditch turns the Trojans. Hephaestus makes him new armor, and a shield with the whole world on it.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/18","lines":617},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/17","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/19","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b18-l1","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο,","translation":"So they fought on, like the blaze of burning fire.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάρναντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάρναντο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were fighting"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies δέμας","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"αἰθομένοιο","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies πυρὸς","gloss":"burning"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b18-l2","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ πόδας ταχὺς ἄγγελος ἦλθε.","translation":"Swift-footed Antilochus came as a messenger to Achilles.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόδας ταχὺς","title":"Swift of foot","body":"πόδας ταχύς, literally swift in his feet, marks Antilochus as the runner chosen to carry the news. The phrase resembles Achilles' standing epithet but uses ταχύς rather than ὠκύς."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to Achilles"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταχὺς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχος","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b18-l3","source":"τὸν δʼ εὗρε προπάροιθε νεῶν ὀρθοκραιράων","translation":"He found him before the high-horned ships,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὗρε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὗρε","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ὀρθοκραιράων","lemma":"ὀρθόκραιρος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεῶν","gloss":"high-horned"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b18-l4","source":"τὰ φρονέοντʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἃ δὴ τετελεσμένα ἦεν·","translation":"thinking in his heart of what had now come to pass;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φρονέοντ̓","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φρονέοντ","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pondering"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τετελεσμένα","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένα","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"accomplished"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"auxiliary verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b18-l5","source":"ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·","translation":"then in anguish he spoke to his own great-hearted spirit:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὀχθήσας","title":"Aorist participle","body":"ὀχθήσας presents Achilles' anguish as the attendant state from which he speaks. The aorist participle gathers that inward recoil into a single action before εἶπε, he spoke."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"in anguish"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b18-l6","source":"ὤ μοι ἐγώ, τί τʼ ἄρʼ αὖτε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"\"Ah me, why once again are the long-haired Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κλονέονται","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέονται","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντες","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"wearing long hair"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κλονέονται","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b18-l7","source":"νηυσὶν ἔπι κλονέονται ἀτυζόμενοι πεδίοιο;","translation":"surging in panic over the plain toward the ships?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"κλονέονται","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are driven"},{"surface":"ἀτυζόμενοι","lemma":"ἀτύζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κλονέονται","gloss":"panic-stricken"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of κλονέονται","gloss":"plain"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b18-l8","source":"μὴ δή μοι τελέσωσι θεοὶ κακὰ κήδεα θυμῷ,","translation":"May the gods not bring bitter griefs to pass for my heart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μὴ δή μοι τελέσωσι","title":"Fear in the subjunctive","body":"μή with the aorist subjunctive τελέσωσι voices an alarm about what may now happen: may they not bring it to fulfillment for me. Achilles does not yet know the news, but the grammar makes his dread immediate."}],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τελέσωσι","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τελέσωσι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring to pass"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τελέσωσι","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"κήδεα","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τελέσωσι","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τελέσωσι","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b18-l9","source":"ὥς ποτέ μοι μήτηρ διεπέφραδε καί μοι ἔειπε","translation":"as once my mother plainly foretold and told me:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to διεπέφραδε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διεπέφραδε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of διεπέφραδε","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"διεπέφραδε","lemma":"διαφράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"foretell plainly"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"told"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b18-l10","source":"Μυρμιδόνων τὸν ἄριστον ἔτι ζώοντος ἐμεῖο","translation":"while I was still alive, the best of the Myrmidons","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνων","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"subject of λείψειν","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζώοντος","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ζώοντος","lemma":"ζῶ","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λείψειν","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ζώοντος","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b18-l11","source":"χερσὶν ὕπο Τρώων λείψειν φάος ἠελίοιο.","translation":"would leave the light of the sun beneath Trojan hands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λείψειν","title":"Future infinitive","body":"λείψειν is a future infinitive inside the report of what Thetis foretold. Its subject is the best of the Myrmidons, and the phrase means that he would leave the sunlight, a direct image of death."}],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"λείψειν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λείψειν","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"sun"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b18-l12","source":"ἦ μάλα δὴ τέθνηκε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱὸς","translation":"Surely the valiant son of Menoetius is dead,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τέθνηκε","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is dead"},{"surface":"Μενοιτίου","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέθνηκε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b18-l13","source":"σχέτλιος· ἦ τʼ ἐκέλευον ἀπωσάμενον δήϊον πῦρ","translation":"stubborn man. I told him, once he had driven off the hostile fire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιος","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"stubborn"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευον","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I urged"},{"surface":"ἀπωσάμενον","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴμεν","gloss":"having driven off"},{"surface":"δήϊον","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπωσάμενον","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b18-l14","source":"ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἴμεν, μηδʼ Ἕκτορι ἶφι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"to go back to the ships and not fight Hector in his strength.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴμεν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"with might"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b18-l15","source":"εἷος ὃ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,","translation":"While he pondered these things in mind and spirit,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὥρμαινε","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ταῦθ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ὥρμαινε","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόφρά","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b18-l16","source":"τόφρά οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθεν ἀγαυοῦ Νέστορος υἱὸς","translation":"the son of glorious Nestor came near him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρά","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγύθεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορος","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b18-l17","source":"δάκρυα θερμὰ χέων, φάτο δʼ ἀγγελίην ἀλεγεινήν·","translation":"shedding hot tears, and spoke the grievous message:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δάκρυα θερμὰ χέων","title":"Tears poured as an action","body":"χέων is a present participle, literally pouring, with θερμὰ δάκρυα as its object. Antilochus is already weeping continuously while he delivers the message."}],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χέων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"θερμὰ","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυα","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"χέων","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"shedding"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινήν","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγγελίην","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b18-l18","source":"ὤ μοι Πηλέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἦ μάλα λυγρῆς","translation":"\"Ah me, son of battle-wise Peleus, you will hear","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Πηλέος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλέος","gloss":"battle-wise"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"λυγρῆς","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγγελίης","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b18-l19","source":"πεύσεαι ἀγγελίης, ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι.","translation":"a bitter message, one that should never have come to pass.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεύσεαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will hear"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίης","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πεύσεαι","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὤφελλε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὤφελλε","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀγγελίης","gloss":"should have"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὤφελλε","gloss":"happened"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b18-l20","source":"κεῖται Πάτροκλος, νέκυος δὲ δὴ ἀμφιμάχονται","translation":"Patroclus lies dead, and now they fight around his corpse,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"νέκυος","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιμάχονται","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἀμφιμάχονται","lemma":"ἀμφιμάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fight around"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b18-l21","source":"γυμνοῦ· ἀτὰρ τά γε τεύχεʼ ἔχει κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"naked; but Hector of the flashing helm holds his armor.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l21.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ","title":"Hector of the flashing helm","body":"κορυθαίολος is Hector's standing helmet epithet. Here its martial brightness jars against the naked corpse because Hector now holds the armor stripped from Patroclus."}],"words":[{"surface":"γυμνοῦ","lemma":"γυμνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέκυος","gloss":"naked"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"flashing-helmed"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b18-l22","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἄχεος νεφέλη ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα·","translation":"So he spoke, and a black cloud of grief covered him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l22.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄχεος νεφέλη","title":"A cloud of grief","body":"ἄχεος νεφέλη makes grief a cloud that closes over Achilles. The image is physical and immediate: the news darkens his whole field of being before he moves or speaks."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχεος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies νεφέλη","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"νεφέλη","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"μέλαινα","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεφέλη","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b18-l23","source":"ἀμφοτέρῃσι δὲ χερσὶν ἑλὼν κόνιν αἰθαλόεσσαν","translation":"Taking soot-black dust in both his hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρῃσι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλὼν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χεύατο","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"κόνιν","lemma":"κόνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"αἰθαλόεσσαν","lemma":"αἰθαλόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόνιν","gloss":"soot-black"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b18-l24","source":"χεύατο κὰκ κεφαλῆς, χαρίεν δʼ ᾔσχυνε πρόσωπον·","translation":"he poured it down over his head and fouled his lovely face;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεύατο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"κὰκ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κὰκ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"χαρίεν","lemma":"χαρίεις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πρόσωπον","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾔσχυνε","lemma":"αἰσχύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defile"},{"surface":"πρόσωπον","lemma":"πρόσωπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ᾔσχυνε","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b18-l25","source":"νεκταρέῳ δὲ χιτῶνι μέλαινʼ ἀμφίζανε τέφρη.","translation":"black ash settled over his fragrant tunic.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l25.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νεκταρέῳ","title":"Nectar-like cloth","body":"νεκτάρεος derives from nectar and can suggest divine sweetness or fragrance. Applied to Achilles' tunic, it sharpens the contrast between the beautiful garment and the black ash settling over it."}],"words":[{"surface":"νεκταρέῳ","lemma":"νεκτάρεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνι","gloss":"fragrant"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνι","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφίζανε","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"μέλαιν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τέφρη","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἀμφίζανε","lemma":"ἀμφιζάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"settled around"},{"surface":"τέφρη","lemma":"τέφρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφίζανε","gloss":"ash"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b18-l26","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι μέγας μεγαλωστὶ τανυσθεὶς","translation":"He himself lay stretched full-length, huge, in the dust,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"μεγαλωστὶ","lemma":"μεγαλωστί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέγας","gloss":"full-length"},{"surface":"τανυσθεὶς","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"stretched"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b18-l27","source":"κεῖτο, φίλῃσι δὲ χερσὶ κόμην ᾔσχυνε δαΐζων.","translation":"and with his own hands he ravaged his hair, tearing it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"φίλῃσι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ᾔσχυνε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"κόμην","lemma":"κόμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ᾔσχυνε","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"ᾔσχυνε","lemma":"αἰσχύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ravaged"},{"surface":"δαΐζων","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾔσχυνε","gloss":"tearing"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b18-l28","source":"δμῳαὶ δʼ ἃς Ἀχιλεὺς ληΐσσατο Πάτροκλός τε","translation":"The captive women whom Achilles and Patroclus had taken as spoil,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμῳαὶ","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἴαχον","gloss":"captive woman"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ληΐσσατο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ληΐσσατο","lemma":"ληίζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δμῳαὶ","gloss":"take as spoil"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλός","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b18-l29","source":"θυμὸν ἀκηχέμεναι μεγάλʼ ἴαχον, ἐκ δὲ θύραζε","translation":"heart-stricken, cried aloud, and out through the doors","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκηχέμεναι","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀκηχέμεναι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἴαχον","gloss":"heart-stricken"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴαχον","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἴαχον","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔδραμον","gloss":"outdoors"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b18-l30","source":"ἔδραμον ἀμφʼ Ἀχιλῆα δαΐφρονα, χερσὶ δὲ πᾶσαι","translation":"they ran around battle-wise Achilles; with their hands they all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔδραμον","lemma":"τρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονα","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆα","gloss":"battle-wise"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πεπλήγοντο","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of πεπλήγοντο","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b18-l31","source":"στήθεα πεπλήγοντο, λύθεν δʼ ὑπὸ γυῖα ἑκάστης.","translation":"beat their breasts, and each woman's limbs gave way beneath her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήθεα","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πεπλήγοντο","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"πεπλήγοντο","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beat"},{"surface":"λύθεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave way"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λύθεν","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"ἑκάστης","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b18-l32","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ὀδύρετο δάκρυα λείβων","translation":"On the other side Antilochus mourned, shedding tears,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀδύρετο","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρετο","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ὀδύρετο","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λείβων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"λείβων","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρετο","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b18-l33","source":"χεῖρας ἔχων Ἀχιλῆος· ὃ δʼ ἔστενε κυδάλιμον κῆρ·","translation":"holding Achilles' hands, while Achilles groaned from his glorious heart;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρετο","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"Achilles'"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστενε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστενε","lemma":"στένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"κυδάλιμον","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔστενε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b18-l34","source":"δείδιε γὰρ μὴ λαιμὸν ἀπαμήσειε σιδήρῳ.","translation":"for he feared that Achilles might cut his throat with iron.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l34.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μὴ λαιμὸν ἀπαμήσειε","title":"Fear with the optative","body":"After the past-tense δείδιε, μή introduces what Antilochus feared and ἀπαμήσειε stands in the aorist optative. The line reports his fear of a possible act; it does not say that Achilles has already attempted it."}],"words":[{"surface":"δείδιε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he feared"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"λαιμὸν","lemma":"λαιμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπαμήσειε","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"ἀπαμήσειε","lemma":"ἀπαμάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"might cut"},{"surface":"σιδήρῳ","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπαμήσειε","gloss":"with iron"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b18-l35","source":"σμερδαλέον δʼ ᾤμωξεν· ἄκουσε δὲ πότνια μήτηρ","translation":"Achilles gave a terrible cry. His queenly mother heard him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ᾤμωξεν","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾤμωξεν","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"ἄκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄκουσε","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b18-l36","source":"ἡμένη ἐν βένθεσσιν ἁλὸς παρὰ πατρὶ γέροντι,","translation":"sitting in the depths of the sea beside her aged father;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμένη","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἄκουσε","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βένθεσσιν","lemma":"βένθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βένθεσσιν","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"γέροντι","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"aged"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b18-l37","source":"κώκυσέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα· θεαὶ δέ μιν ἀμφαγέροντο","translation":"and then she wailed; the goddesses gathered around her,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κώκυσέν","lemma":"κωκύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wailed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κώκυσέν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεαὶ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφαγέροντο","gloss":"goddesses"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφαγέροντο","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἀμφαγέροντο","lemma":"ἀμφαγείρομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered around"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b18-l38","source":"πᾶσαι ὅσαι κατὰ βένθος ἁλὸς Νηρηΐδες ἦσαν.","translation":"all the Nereids who dwelt in the depths of the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεαὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅσαι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Νηρηΐδες","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βένθος","lemma":"βένθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βένθος","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"Νηρηΐδες","lemma":"Νηρηίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"Nereids"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεαὶ","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b18-l39","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄρʼ ἔην Γλαύκη τε Θάλειά τε Κυμοδόκη τε","translation":"There were Glauce, Thalia, and Cymodoce,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"Γλαύκη","lemma":"Γλαύκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Glauce"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θάλειά","lemma":"Θάλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Thalia"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κυμοδόκη","lemma":"Κυμοδόκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Cymodoce"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b18-l40","source":"Νησαίη Σπειώ τε Θόη θʼ Ἁλίη τε βοῶπις","translation":"Nesaea, Speio, Thoe, and ox-eyed Halie,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l40.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἁλίη τε βοῶπις","title":"Ox-eyed Halie","body":"βοῶπις, ox-eyed, belongs specifically to Halie on this line. It is a formulaic beauty epithet also used of other women and goddesses, but it must not be transferred to a neighboring Nereid."}],"words":[{"surface":"Νησαίη","lemma":"Νησαίη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"nesaea"},{"surface":"Σπειώ","lemma":"Σπειώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"speio"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θόη","lemma":"Θόη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"thoe"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἁλίη","lemma":"Ἁλίη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Halie"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἁλίη","gloss":"ox-eyed"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b18-l41","source":"Κυμοθόη τε καὶ Ἀκταίη καὶ Λιμνώρεια","translation":"Cymothoe and Actaea and Limnorea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κυμοθόη","lemma":"κυμοθόη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Cymothoe"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀκταίη","lemma":"Ἀκταίη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Actaea"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λιμνώρεια","lemma":"Λιμνώρεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"limnorea"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b18-l42","source":"καὶ Μελίτη καὶ Ἴαιρα καὶ Ἀμφιθόη καὶ Ἀγαυὴ","translation":"and Melite and Iaera and Amphithoe and Agave,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μελίτη","lemma":"Μελίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Melite"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἴαιρα","lemma":"Ἴαιρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Iaera"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀμφιθόη","lemma":"Ἀμφιθόη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Amphithoe"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγαυὴ","lemma":"Ἀγαυή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Agave"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b18-l43","source":"Δωτώ τε Πρωτώ τε Φέρουσά τε Δυναμένη τε","translation":"Doto and Proto and Pherusa and Dynamene,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δωτώ","lemma":"Δωτώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Doto"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρωτώ","lemma":"Πρωτώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Proto"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φέρουσά","lemma":"Φέρουσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Pherusa"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δυναμένη","lemma":"Δυναμένη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"dynamene"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b18-l44","source":"Δεξαμένη τε καὶ Ἀμφινόμη καὶ Καλλιάνειρα","translation":"Dexamene and Amphinome and Callianeira,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δεξαμένη","lemma":"Δεξαμένη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Dexamene"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀμφινόμη","lemma":"Ἀμφινόμη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Amphinome"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Καλλιάνειρα","lemma":"Καλλιάνειρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"callianeira"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b18-l45","source":"Δωρὶς καὶ Πανόπη καὶ ἀγακλειτὴ Γαλάτεια","translation":"Doris and Panope and renowned Galatea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l45.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀγακλειτὴ Γαλάτεια","title":"Renowned Galatea","body":"ἀγακλειτή means greatly renowned or famed and modifies Galatea alone. Homer briefly sets her off from the surrounding names with an individual epithet."}],"words":[{"surface":"Δωρὶς","lemma":"Δωρίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Doris"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πανόπη","lemma":"Πανόπη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Panope"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγακλειτὴ","lemma":"ἀγακλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Γαλάτεια","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"Γαλάτεια","lemma":"Γαλάτεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Galatea"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b18-l46","source":"Νημερτής τε καὶ Ἀψευδὴς καὶ Καλλιάνασσα·","translation":"Nemertes and Apseudes and Callianassa;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νημερτής","lemma":"Νημερτής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Nemertes"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀψευδὴς","lemma":"Ἀψευδής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Apseudes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Καλλιάνασσα","lemma":"Καλλιάνασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"callianassa"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b18-l47","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἔην Κλυμένη Ἰάνειρά τε καὶ Ἰάνασσα","translation":"there were Clymene and Ianeira and Ianassa,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"Κλυμένη","lemma":"Κλυμένη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Clymene"},{"surface":"Ἰάνειρά","lemma":"Ἰάνειρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Ianeira"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰάνασσα","lemma":"Ἰάνασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Ianassa"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b18-l48","source":"Μαῖρα καὶ Ὠρείθυια ἐϋπλόκαμός τʼ Ἀμάθεια","translation":"Maera and Oreithyia and fair-haired Amatheia,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l48.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐϋπλόκαμός τʼ Ἀμάθεια","title":"Fair-haired Amatheia","body":"ἐϋπλόκαμος, literally well-tressed, modifies Amatheia alone. The epithet closes the named catalogue with a visual detail before the poem returns to the unnamed Nereids."}],"words":[{"surface":"Μαῖρα","lemma":"Μαῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Maera"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὠρείθυια","lemma":"Ὠρείθυια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Oreithyia"},{"surface":"ἐϋπλόκαμός","lemma":"εὐπλόκαμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀμάθεια","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀμάθεια","lemma":"Ἀμάθεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"amatheia"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b18-l49","source":"ἄλλαι θʼ αἳ κατὰ βένθος ἁλὸς Νηρηΐδες ἦσαν.","translation":"and other Nereids who dwelt in the depths of the sea.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλαι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Νηρηΐδες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βένθος","lemma":"βένθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βένθος","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"Νηρηΐδες","lemma":"Νηρηίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Nereids"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Νηρηΐδες","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b18-l50","source":"τῶν δὲ καὶ ἀργύφεον πλῆτο σπέος· αἳ δʼ ἅμα πᾶσαι","translation":"The silvery cave was filled with them; all together they","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of πλῆτο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀργύφεον","lemma":"ἀργύφεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέος","gloss":"silvery"},{"surface":"πλῆτο","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was filled"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πλῆτο","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πεπλήγοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπλήγοντο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἳ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b18-l51","source":"στήθεα πεπλήγοντο, Θέτις δʼ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο·","translation":"beat their breasts, and Thetis led the lament:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήθεα","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πεπλήγοντο","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"πεπλήγοντο","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beat"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξῆρχε","lemma":"ἐξάρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b18-l52","source":"κλῦτε κασίγνηται Νηρηΐδες, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ πᾶσαι","translation":"\"Listen, sister Nereids, so that all of you may fully","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l52.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κασίγνηται Νηρηΐδες","title":"Plural direct address","body":"κασίγνηται and Νηρηΐδες are plural vocatives: sisters, Nereids. Thetis addresses the assembled sea-goddesses directly before explaining the grief they have come to share."}],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"κασίγνηται","lemma":"κασιγνήτη","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies Νηρηΐδες","gloss":"sisters"},{"surface":"Νηρηΐδες","lemma":"Νηρηίς","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Nereids"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴδετ̓","gloss":"fully"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of εἴδετ̓","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b18-l53","source":"εἴδετʼ ἀκούουσαι ὅσʼ ἐμῷ ἔνι κήδεα θυμῷ.","translation":"know, as you hear, how many griefs are in my heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴδετ","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ἀκούουσαι","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to εἴδετ̓","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"ὅσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἔνειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴδετ̓","gloss":"are in"},{"surface":"κήδεα","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔνι","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνι","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b18-l54","source":"ὤ μοι ἐγὼ δειλή, ὤ μοι δυσαριστοτόκεια,","translation":"Ah, wretched me, ah, unhappy in bearing the best,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l54.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δυσαριστοτόκεια","title":"Unhappy mother of the best","body":"δυσαριστοτόκεια compresses Thetis' paradox into one compound: she is wretched in having borne the best. Achilles' excellence is inseparable from the grief his brief life brings her."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δειλή","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δυσαριστοτόκεια","lemma":"δυσαριστοτόκεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unhappy best-bearer"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b18-l55","source":"ἥ τʼ ἐπεὶ ἂρ τέκον υἱὸν ἀμύμονά τε κρατερόν τε","translation":"for when I bore a son, blameless and strong,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τέκον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τέκον","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"I bore"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέκον","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονά","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρατερόν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b18-l56","source":"ἔξοχον ἡρώων· ὃ δʼ ἀνέδραμεν ἔρνεϊ ἶσος·","translation":"foremost of heroes; and he shot up like a sapling.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l56.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔρνεϊ ἶσος","title":"Like a sapling","body":"ἔρνος is a young shoot or sapling. Thetis remembers Achilles as living growth, an image that makes the death already shadowing her lament feel like a life cut down too early."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔξοχον","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"ἡρώων","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχον","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέδραμεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέδραμεν","lemma":"ἀνατρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shot up"},{"surface":"ἔρνεϊ","lemma":"ἔρνος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἶσος","gloss":"sapling"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b18-l57","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ θρέψασα φυτὸν ὣς γουνῷ ἀλωῆς","translation":"I raised him like a tree on the slope of an orchard,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l57.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φυτὸν ὣς","title":"Epic comparison","body":"ὥς follows φυτον to mark a compact comparison, like a cultivated plant. The orchard slope continues the sapling image from the preceding line and presents Thetis as the one who carefully raised him."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιπροέηκα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιπροέηκα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"θρέψασα","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπιπροέηκα","gloss":"having raised"},{"surface":"φυτὸν","lemma":"φυτόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"γουνῷ","lemma":"γουνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"slope"},{"surface":"ἀλωῆς","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γουνῷ","gloss":"orchard"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b18-l58","source":"νηυσὶν ἐπιπροέηκα κορωνίσιν Ἴλιον εἴσω","translation":"and sent him in the beaked ships toward Ilium,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιπροέηκα","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπιπροέηκα","lemma":"ἐπιπροίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I sent forth"},{"surface":"κορωνίσιν","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"beaked"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b18-l59","source":"Τρωσὶ μαχησόμενον· τὸν δʼ οὐχ ὑποδέξομαι αὖτις","translation":"to fight the Trojans; but I shall never welcome him again","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαχησόμενον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μαχησόμενον","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑποδέξομαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὑποδέξομαι","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall welcome"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νοστήσαντα","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b18-l60","source":"οἴκαδε νοστήσαντα δόμον Πηλήϊον εἴσω.","translation":"home to the house of Peleus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"νοστήσαντα","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Πηλήϊον","lemma":"Πηλήιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"Peleus'"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b18-l61","source":"ὄφρα δέ μοι ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο","translation":"While he lives and sees the light of the sun,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ζώει","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ζώει","lemma":"ζῶ","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρᾷ","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρᾷ","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"sun"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b18-l62","source":"ἄχνυται, οὐδέ τί οἱ δύναμαι χραισμῆσαι ἰοῦσα.","translation":"he grieves, and I can bring him no help when I go.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄχνυται","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grieves"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δύναμαι","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χραισμῆσαι","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"χραισμῆσαι","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"ἰοῦσα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to δύναμαι","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b18-l63","source":"ἀλλʼ εἶμʼ, ὄφρα ἴδωμι φίλον τέκος, ἠδʼ ἐπακούσω","translation":"But I shall go, so I may see my dear child and hear","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἶμ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall go"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἴδωμι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"I may see"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἴδωμι","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπακούσω","lemma":"ἐπακούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"I may hear"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b18-l64","source":"ὅττί μιν ἵκετο πένθος ἀπὸ πτολέμοιο μένοντα.","translation":"what grief has reached him as he stays back from war.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἐπακούσω","gloss":"has reached"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκετο","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"μένοντα","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"staying"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b18-l65","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα λίπε σπέος· αἳ δὲ σὺν αὐτῇ","translation":"So she spoke and left the cave; they went with her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασα","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to λίπε","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λίπε","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b18-l66","source":"δακρυόεσσαι ἴσαν, περὶ δέ σφισι κῦμα θαλάσσης","translation":"weeping, and around them the wave of the sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δακρυόεσσαι","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ῥήγνυτο","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b18-l67","source":"ῥήγνυτο· ταὶ δʼ ὅτε δὴ Τροίην ἐρίβωλον ἵκοντο","translation":"broke apart. When they reached rich-soiled Troy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥήγνυτο","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke apart"},{"surface":"ταὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσανέβαινον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκοντο","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἐρίβωλον","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίην","gloss":"rich-soiled"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰσανέβαινον","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b18-l68","source":"ἀκτὴν εἰσανέβαινον ἐπισχερώ, ἔνθα θαμειαὶ","translation":"they climbed the shore in a line, where in close ranks","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκτὴν","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσανέβαινον","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"εἰσανέβαινον","lemma":"εἰσαναβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"climbed"},{"surface":"ἐπισχερώ","lemma":"ἐπισχερώ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσανέβαινον","gloss":"in a line"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴρυντο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"θαμειαὶ","lemma":"θαμέες","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"close-packed"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b18-l69","source":"Μυρμιδόνων εἴρυντο νέες ταχὺν ἀμφʼ Ἀχιλῆα.","translation":"the Myrmidons' ships were drawn up around swift Achilles.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνων","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"εἴρυντο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀκτὴν","gloss":"had been drawn up"},{"surface":"νέες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴρυντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ταχὺν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b18-l70","source":"τῷ δὲ βαρὺ στενάχοντι παρίστατο πότνια μήτηρ,","translation":"His queenly mother stood beside him as he groaned heavily,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρίστατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βαρὺ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντι","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"στενάχοντι","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies τῷ","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"παρίστατο","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood beside"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρίστατο","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b18-l71","source":"ὀξὺ δὲ κωκύσασα κάρη λάβε παιδὸς ἑοῖο,","translation":"and with a piercing wail she took her own son's head,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κωκύσασα","gloss":"piercingly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κωκύσασα","lemma":"κωκύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"wailing"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κάρη","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἑοῖο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"own"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b18-l72","source":"καί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and grieving, she addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l72.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, winged words, is a fixed speech formula. The image gives spoken words flight from speaker to hearer while the surrounding verbs carry Thetis' grief."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρομένη","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b18-l73","source":"τέκνον τί κλαίεις; τί δέ σε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος;","translation":"\"My child, why do you weep? What grief has come upon your heart?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κλαίεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"κλαίεις","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weep"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has reached"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκετο","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b18-l74","source":"ἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθε· τὰ μὲν δή τοι τετέλεσται","translation":"Speak out, do not hide it. Those things have now been fulfilled for you","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξαύδα","lemma":"ἐξαυδάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak out"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κεῦθε","lemma":"κεύθω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τετέλεσται","gloss":"those things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τετέλεσται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"τετέλεσται","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have been fulfilled"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b18-l75","source":"ἐκ Διός, ὡς ἄρα δὴ πρίν γʼ εὔχεο χεῖρας ἀνασχὼν","translation":"by Zeus, just as before you prayed with hands raised,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχεο","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὔχεο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"pray"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχὼν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνασχὼν","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχεο","gloss":"raised"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b18-l76","source":"πάντας ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσιν ἀλήμεναι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"that all the sons of the Achaeans be hemmed at their sterns,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"πρύμνῃσιν","lemma":"πρύμνα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"sterns"},{"surface":"ἀλήμεναι","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to be hemmed in"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλήμεναι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b18-l77","source":"σεῦ ἐπιδευομένους, παθέειν τʼ ἀεκήλια ἔργα.","translation":"lacking you, and suffer shameful deeds.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιδευομένους","gloss":"of you"},{"surface":"ἐπιδευομένους","lemma":"ἐπιδεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλήμεναι","gloss":"lacking"},{"surface":"παθέειν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to suffer"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀεκήλια","lemma":"ἀεκήλιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of παθέειν","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b18-l78","source":"τὴν δὲ βαρὺ στενάχων προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Groaning heavily, swift-footed Achilles answered her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l78.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς","title":"Swift-footed Achilles","body":"πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς is Achilles' standing epithet, literally swift with respect to his feet. Its familiar formula remains in place even while he lies grieving and does not move."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βαρὺ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχων","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"στενάχων","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b18-l79","source":"μῆτερ ἐμή, τὰ μὲν ἄρ μοι Ὀλύμπιος ἐξετέλεσσεν·","translation":"\"My mother, the Olympian has fulfilled those things for me;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆτερ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐμή","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆτερ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐξετέλεσσεν","gloss":"those things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξετέλεσσεν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐξετέλεσσεν","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"ἐξετέλεσσεν","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fulfilled"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b18-l80","source":"ἀλλὰ τί μοι τῶν ἦδος ἐπεὶ φίλος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος","translation":"but what pleasure have I from them, since my dear companion died,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἦδος","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἦδος","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἦδος","lemma":"ἦδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ὤλεθ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b18-l81","source":"Πάτροκλος, τὸν ἐγὼ περὶ πάντων τῖον ἑταίρων","translation":"Patroclus, whom above all my comrades I honored,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τῖον","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τῖον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρων","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τῖον","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πάτροκλος","gloss":"I honored"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b18-l82","source":"ἶσον ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ; τὸν ἀπώλεσα, τεύχεα δʼ Ἕκτωρ","translation":"equal to my own head? I lost him; and Hector, after killing him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἶσον","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἐμῇ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλῇ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἶσον","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπώλεσα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀπώλεσα","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I lost"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέδυσε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b18-l83","source":"δῃώσας ἀπέδυσε πελώρια θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι","translation":"stripped away the mighty armor, a wonder to behold,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῃώσας","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέδυσε","gloss":"having slain"},{"surface":"ἀπέδυσε","lemma":"ἀποδύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped away"},{"surface":"πελώρια","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"θαῦμα","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"wonder"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"to behold"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b18-l84","source":"καλά· τὰ μὲν Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα","translation":"beautiful, splendid gifts the gods gave Peleus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Πηλῆϊ","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b18-l85","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτε σε βροτοῦ ἀνέρος ἔμβαλον εὐνῇ.","translation":"on the day they cast you into the bed of a mortal man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δόσαν","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμβαλον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμβαλον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"βροτοῦ","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέρος","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies εὐνῇ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλον","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῷ","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"εὐνῇ","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλον","gloss":"bed"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b18-l86","source":"αἴθʼ ὄφελες σὺ μὲν αὖθι μετʼ ἀθανάτῃς ἁλίῃσι","translation":"Would that you had stayed there among the immortal sea-goddesses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"ὄφελες","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you should have"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄφελες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναίειν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτῃς","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλίῃσι","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"ἁλίῃσι","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"sea-goddesses"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b18-l87","source":"ναίειν, Πηλεὺς δὲ θνητὴν ἀγαγέσθαι ἄκοιτιν.","translation":"and Peleus had taken a mortal wife.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναίειν","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελες","gloss":"to dwell"},{"surface":"Πηλεὺς","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θνητὴν","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκοιτιν","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀγαγέσθαι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγαγέσθαι","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b18-l88","source":"νῦν δʼ ἵνα καὶ σοὶ πένθος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μυρίον εἴη","translation":"But now there will be measureless grief in your heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"μυρίον","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"measureless"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b18-l89","source":"παιδὸς ἀποφθιμένοιο, τὸν οὐχ ὑποδέξεαι αὖτις","translation":"for your dead son, whom you will not welcome again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποφθιμένοιο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀποφθιμένοιο","lemma":"ἀποφθίνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑποδέξεαι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὑποδέξεαι","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing παιδὸς","gloss":"you will welcome"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νοστήσαντ̓","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b18-l90","source":"οἴκαδε νοστήσαντʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ θυμὸς ἄνωγε","translation":"returning home, since my own heart does not urge me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστήσαντ̓","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"νοστήσαντ","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄνωγε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἄνωγε","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"urges"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b18-l91","source":"ζώειν οὐδʼ ἄνδρεσσι μετέμμεναι, αἴ κε μὴ Ἕκτωρ","translation":"to live or remain among men unless Hector","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζώειν","lemma":"ζῶ","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετέμμεναι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"μετέμμεναι","lemma":"μέτειμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to remain among"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀλέσσῃ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b18-l92","source":"πρῶτος ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃ,","translation":"first, struck beneath my spear, loses his life","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τυπεὶς","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσσῃ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσσῃ","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ὀλέσσῃ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"loses"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b18-l93","source":"Πατρόκλοιο δʼ ἕλωρα Μενοιτιάδεω ἀποτίσῃ.","translation":"and pays the price for making Patroclus, son of Menoetius, his spoil.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕλωρα","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλωρα","lemma":"ἕλωρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποτίσῃ","gloss":"spoil"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδεω","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"son of Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἀποτίσῃ","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"pays the price"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b18-l94","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Θέτις κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα·","translation":"Then Thetis addressed him again, shedding tears:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down over"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέουσα","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέουσα","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b18-l95","source":"ὠκύμορος δή μοι τέκος ἔσσεαι, οἷʼ ἀγορεύεις·","translation":"\"My child, you will be short-lived, from what you say;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l95.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὠκύμορος","title":"Short-lived","body":"ὠκύμορος joins swift with fate or doom: one whose allotted life runs quickly to its end. Thetis uses the word as a precise statement of Achilles' condition, not as a vague fear."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκύμορος","lemma":"ὠκύμορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"short-lived"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεαι","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἔσσεαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will be"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"from what"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεαι","gloss":"you say"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b18-l96","source":"αὐτίκα γάρ τοι ἔπειτα μεθʼ Ἕκτορα πότμος ἑτοῖμος.","translation":"for straight after Hector your doom stands ready.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"immediately"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μεθ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"πότμος","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμος","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ready"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b18-l97","source":"τὴν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Greatly troubled, swift-footed Achilles answered her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀχθήσας","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b18-l98","source":"αὐτίκα τεθναίην, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἑταίρῳ","translation":"\"I would die at once, since I was not destined to defend my companion","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεθναίην","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"τεθναίην","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may I die"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I was destined"},{"surface":"ἑταίρῳ","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαμῦναι","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b18-l99","source":"κτεινομένῳ ἐπαμῦναι· ὃ μὲν μάλα τηλόθι πάτρης","translation":"as he was killed. Far from his homeland he died,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτεινομένῳ","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἑταίρῳ","gloss":"being killed"},{"surface":"ἐπαμῦναι","lemma":"ἐπαμύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφθιτ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"τηλόθι","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφθιτ̓","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τηλόθι","gloss":"homeland"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b18-l100","source":"ἔφθιτʼ, ἐμεῖο δὲ δῆσεν ἀρῆς ἀλκτῆρα γενέσθαι.","translation":"and had need of me to be a ward against ruin.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔφθιτ","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῆσεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῆσεν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"needed"},{"surface":"ἀρῆς","lemma":"ἀρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀλκτῆρα","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀλκτῆρα","lemma":"ἀλκτήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"defender"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δῆσεν","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b18-l101","source":"νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὐ νέομαί γε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,","translation":"Now since I shall not return to my dear native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νέομαί","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"shall return"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b18-l102","source":"οὐδέ τι Πατρόκλῳ γενόμην φάος οὐδʼ ἑτάροισι","translation":"nor was I a saving light to Patroclus or my other comrades,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδέ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to γενόμην","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"to Patroclus"},{"surface":"γενόμην","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"I was, I became"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a light","note":"Metaphorical 'light' = protector, one who brings safety in battle."},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"to my comrades"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b18-l103","source":"τοῖς ἄλλοις, οἳ δὴ πολέες δάμεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ,","translation":"so many of whom were broken by godlike Hector,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοις","gloss":"for the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοις","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δάμεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δάμεν","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑτάροισι","gloss":"were slain"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δάμεν","gloss":"by Hector"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b18-l104","source":"ἀλλʼ ἧμαι παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐτώσιον ἄχθος ἀρούρης,","translation":"but I sit beside the ships, a useless burden on the earth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἧμαι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"I sit"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐτώσιον","lemma":"ἐτώσιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχθος","gloss":"useless"},{"surface":"ἄχθος","lemma":"ἄχθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"burden"},{"surface":"ἀρούρης","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄχθος","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b18-l105","source":"τοῖος ἐὼν οἷος οὔ τις Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων","translation":"though in war I am such as no bronze-clad Achaean is;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧμαι","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b18-l106","source":"ἐν πολέμῳ· ἀγορῇ δέ τʼ ἀμείνονές εἰσι καὶ ἄλλοι.","translation":"yet in assembly there are others better than I.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰσι","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμείνονές","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἰσι","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b18-l107","source":"ὡς ἔρις ἔκ τε θεῶν ἔκ τʼ ἀνθρώπων ἀπόλοιτο","translation":"May strife vanish from among gods and men,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l107.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔρις","title":"Strife","body":"ἔρις is strife, the conflict that sets people against one another. Achilles names it separately from χόλος, anger, on the next line: the quarrel and the emotion feeding it are related but not identical."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόλοιτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"ἀπόλοιτο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may vanish"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b18-l108","source":"καὶ χόλος, ὅς τʼ ἐφέηκε πολύφρονά περ χαλεπῆναι,","translation":"and anger too, which drives even a thoughtful man to bitterness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφέηκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφέηκε","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"πολύφρονά","lemma":"πολύφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χαλεπῆναι","gloss":"thoughtful"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χαλεπῆναι","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐφέηκε","gloss":"to rage"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b18-l109","source":"ὅς τε πολὺ γλυκίων μέλιτος καταλειβομένοιο","translation":"which, far sweeter than honey dripping down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀέξεται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γλυκίων","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"γλυκίων","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"sweeter"},{"surface":"μέλιτος","lemma":"μέλι","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to γλυκίων","gloss":"honey"},{"surface":"καταλειβομένοιο","lemma":"καταλείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies μέλιτος","gloss":"dripping down"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b18-l110","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἐν στήθεσσιν ἀέξεται ἠΰτε καπνός·","translation":"swells in men's breasts like smoke;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"men's"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"ἀέξεται","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"swells"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"καπνός","lemma":"καπνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"smoke"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b18-l111","source":"ὡς ἐμὲ νῦν ἐχόλωσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων.","translation":"so Agamemnon, lord of men, enraged me now.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχόλωσεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐχόλωσεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχόλωσεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐχόλωσεν","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b18-l112","source":"ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ,","translation":"But let us leave those things accomplished, though we grieve,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προτετύχθαι","lemma":"προτεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"already accomplished"},{"surface":"ἐάσομεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us leave"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοί","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐάσομεν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b18-l113","source":"θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλον δαμάσαντες ἀνάγκῃ·","translation":"mastering the dear heart in our breasts by force.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δαμάσαντες","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δαμάσαντες","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐάσομεν","gloss":"mastering"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δαμάσαντες","gloss":"by necessity"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b18-l114","source":"νῦν δʼ εἶμʼ ὄφρα φίλης κεφαλῆς ὀλετῆρα κιχείω","translation":"Now I shall go, to find the killer of that dear head,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶμ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall go"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"φίλης","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὀλετῆρα","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ὀλετῆρα","lemma":"ὀλετήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"killer"},{"surface":"κιχείω","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may find"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b18-l115","source":"Ἕκτορα· κῆρα δʼ ἐγὼ τότε δέξομαι ὁππότε κεν δὴ","translation":"Hector; then I shall accept my fate whenever","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δέξομαι","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέξομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέξομαι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δέξομαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall accept"},{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλῃ","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b18-l116","source":"Ζεὺς ἐθέλῃ τελέσαι ἠδʼ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι.","translation":"Zeus and the other immortal gods choose to bring it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τότε","gloss":"chooses"},{"surface":"τελέσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃ","gloss":"to bring about"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b18-l117","source":"οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ βίη Ἡρακλῆος φύγε κῆρα,","translation":"Not even the might of Heracles escaped fate,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φύγε","gloss":"might, strength","note":"βίη + genitive name is a Homeric periphrasis: 'the might of Heracles' = Heracles himself."},{"surface":"Ἡρακλῆος","lemma":"Ἡρακλέης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"of Heracles"},{"surface":"φύγε","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φύγε","gloss":"fate, doom"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b18-l118","source":"ὅς περ φίλτατος ἔσκε Διὶ Κρονίωνι ἄνακτι·","translation":"though he was dearest to lord Zeus, son of Cronos;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φίλτατος","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἡρακλῆος","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b18-l119","source":"ἀλλά ἑ μοῖρα δάμασσε καὶ ἀργαλέος χόλος Ἥρης.","translation":"but destiny and Hera's grievous anger mastered him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δάμασσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"δάμασσε","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mastered"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέος","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλος","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"Ἥρης","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χόλος","gloss":"Hera's"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b18-l120","source":"ὣς καὶ ἐγών, εἰ δή μοι ὁμοίη μοῖρα τέτυκται,","translation":"So too shall I, if a like destiny is made for me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κείσομ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγών","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κείσομ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τέτυκται","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ὁμοίη","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρα","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέτυκται","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is made"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b18-l121","source":"κείσομʼ ἐπεί κε θάνω· νῦν δὲ κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἀροίμην,","translation":"lie when I am dead; but now may I win noble glory,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείσομ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall lie"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"θάνω","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"I die"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀροίμην","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀροίμην","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἀροίμην","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may I win"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b18-l122","source":"καί τινα Τρωϊάδων καὶ Δαρδανίδων βαθυκόλπων","translation":"and make some deep-bosomed Trojan and Dardanian woman,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφείην","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"Τρωϊάδων","lemma":"Τρῳάς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Trojan women"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίδων","lemma":"Δαρδανίς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Dardanian women"},{"surface":"βαθυκόλπων","lemma":"βαθύκολπος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Δαρδανίδων","gloss":"deep-bosomed"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b18-l123","source":"ἀμφοτέρῃσιν χερσὶ παρειάων ἁπαλάων","translation":"wiping tears from her tender cheeks with both hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρῃσιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὀμορξαμένην","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"παρειάων","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὀμορξαμένην","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"ἁπαλάων","lemma":"ἁπαλός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies παρειάων","gloss":"tender"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b18-l124","source":"δάκρυʼ ὀμορξαμένην ἁδινὸν στοναχῆσαι ἐφείην,","translation":"groan without ceasing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὀμορξαμένην","gloss":"tear"},{"surface":"ὀμορξαμένην","lemma":"ὀμόργνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to στοναχῆσαι","gloss":"wiping away"},{"surface":"ἁδινὸν","lemma":"ἁδινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στοναχῆσαι","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"στοναχῆσαι","lemma":"στοναχέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐφείην","gloss":"to groan"},{"surface":"ἐφείην","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I may cause"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b18-l125","source":"γνοῖεν δʼ ὡς δὴ δηρὸν ἐγὼ πολέμοιο πέπαυμαι·","translation":"and let them know how long I have kept back from war.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνοῖεν","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may know"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πέπαυμαι","gloss":"how long"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέπαυμαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέπαυμαι","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"πέπαυμαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"have kept back"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b18-l126","source":"μὴ δέ μʼ ἔρυκε μάχης φιλέουσά περ· οὐδέ με πείσεις.","translation":"Do not restrain me from battle though you love me; you will not persuade me.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔρυκε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔρυκε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"restrain"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρυκε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"φιλέουσά","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔρυκε","gloss":"loving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πείσεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πείσεις","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will persuade"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b18-l127","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα·","translation":"Then the goddess, silver-footed Thetis, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l127.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα","title":"Silver-footed Thetis","body":"ἀργυρόπεζα, silver-footed, is Thetis' standing epithet. Its brightness belongs to the sea-goddess even in grief and remains distinct from the mortal scene around Achilles."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζα","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"silver-footed"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b18-l128","source":"ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε τέκνον ἐτήτυμον οὐ κακόν ἐστι","translation":"\"Yes indeed, my child, what you say is truly no evil,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναὶ","lemma":"ναί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐτήτυμον","lemma":"ἐτήτυμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b18-l129","source":"τειρομένοις ἑτάροισιν ἀμυνέμεν αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.","translation":"to ward cruel destruction from your hard-pressed companions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τειρομένοις","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"hard-pressed"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμυνέμεν","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμυνέμεν","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b18-l130","source":"ἀλλά τοι ἔντεα καλὰ μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ἔχονται","translation":"But your beautiful armor is held among the Trojans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔχονται","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχονται","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἔχονται","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is held"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b18-l131","source":"χάλκεα μαρμαίροντα· τὰ μὲν κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"bronze and flashing; Hector of the flashing helm","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεα","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"μαρμαίροντα","lemma":"μαρμαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀγάλλεται","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"flash-helmed"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγάλλεται","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b18-l132","source":"αὐτὸς ἔχων ὤμοισιν ἀγάλλεται· οὐδέ ἕ φημι","translation":"wears it on his shoulders and glories in it. Yet I say he","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγάλλεται","gloss":"wearing"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχων","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"ἀγάλλεται","lemma":"ἀγάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"glories"},{"surface":"ἕ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπαγλαϊεῖσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b18-l133","source":"δηρὸν ἐπαγλαϊεῖσθαι, ἐπεὶ φόνος ἐγγύθεν αὐτῷ.","translation":"will not glory long, for death is near him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπαγλαϊεῖσθαι","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἐπαγλαϊεῖσθαι","lemma":"ἐπαγλαίζω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"will glory"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"φόνος","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐγγύθεν","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b18-l134","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν μή πω καταδύσεο μῶλον Ἄρηος","translation":"But do not yet enter the battle of Ares","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καταδύσεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to καταδύσεο","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"καταδύσεο","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"μῶλον","lemma":"μῶλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταδύσεο","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῶλον","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b18-l135","source":"πρίν γʼ ἐμὲ δεῦρʼ ἐλθοῦσαν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδηαι·","translation":"until you see me return here with your own eyes;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδηαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθοῦσαν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐλθοῦσαν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ἴδηαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"you see"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b18-l136","source":"ἠῶθεν γὰρ νεῦμαι ἅμʼ ἠελίῳ ἀνιόντι","translation":"for at dawn I shall come with the rising sun,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἠῶθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεῦμαι","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νεῦμαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall return"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἠελίῳ","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"ἀνιόντι","lemma":"ἄνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἠελίῳ","gloss":"rising"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b18-l137","source":"τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρʼ Ἡφαίστοιο ἄνακτος.","translation":"bringing beautiful armor from lord Hephaestus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρουσα","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"φέρουσα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to νεῦμαι","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἡφαίστοιο","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b18-l138","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πάλιν τράπεθʼ υἷος ἑοῖο,","translation":"So speaking, she turned back from her son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασα","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τράπεθ̓","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τράπεθ̓","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"τράπεθ","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πάλιν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἑοῖο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷος","gloss":"her own"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b18-l139","source":"καὶ στρεφθεῖσʼ ἁλίῃσι κασιγνήτῃσι μετηύδα·","translation":"and turning to her sea-born sisters, she addressed them:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στρεφθεῖσ","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"turning"},{"surface":"ἁλίῃσι","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κασιγνήτῃσι","gloss":"sea-born"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτῃσι","lemma":"κασιγνήτη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"sisters"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b18-l140","source":"ὑμεῖς μὲν νῦν δῦτε θαλάσσης εὐρέα κόλπον","translation":"\"You now sink into the broad fold of the sea","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δῦτε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῦτε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δῦτε","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sink"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κόλπον","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"εὐρέα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κόλπον","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"κόλπον","lemma":"κόλπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῦτε","gloss":"fold"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b18-l141","source":"ὀψόμεναί τε γέρονθʼ ἅλιον καὶ δώματα πατρός,","translation":"to see the old man of the sea and our father's halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀψόμεναί","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to δῦτε","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέρονθ","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέρονθ̓","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"πατρός","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"father's"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b18-l142","source":"καί οἱ πάντʼ ἀγορεύσατʼ· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον","translation":"and tell him all. I go to high Olympus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύσατ̓","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύσατ̓","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύσατ","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b18-l143","source":"εἶμι παρʼ Ἥφαιστον κλυτοτέχνην, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν","translation":"to Hephaestus, the famed craftsman, in hope he may be willing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I go"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστον","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"κλυτοτέχνην","lemma":"κλυτοτέχνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστον","gloss":"famed craftsman"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"may be willing"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b18-l144","source":"υἱεῖ ἐμῷ δόμεναι κλυτὰ τεύχεα παμφανόωντα.","translation":"to give my son renowned armor, all-gleaming.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱεῖ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱεῖ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"παμφανόωντα","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"all-gleaming"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b18-l145","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἳ δʼ ὑπὸ κῦμα θαλάσσης αὐτίκʼ ἔδυσαν·","translation":"So she spoke, and they at once sank beneath the wave of the sea;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔδυσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδυσαν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔδυσαν","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sank"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b18-l146","source":"ἣ δʼ αὖτʼ Οὔλυμπον δὲ θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα","translation":"but the goddess, silver-footed Thetis, went toward Olympus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤϊεν","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζα","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"silver-footed"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b18-l147","source":"ἤϊεν ὄφρα φίλῳ παιδὶ κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἐνείκαι.","translation":"to bring renowned armor to her dear child.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνείκαι","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνείκαι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐνείκαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"to bring"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b18-l148","source":"τὴν μὲν ἄρʼ Οὔλυμπον δὲ πόδες φέρον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Her feet bore her toward Olympus; meanwhile the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἵκοντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b18-l149","source":"θεσπεσίῳ ἀλαλητῷ ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο","translation":"fled beneath the wondrous battle-cry of man-slaying Hector","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεσπεσίῳ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλαλητῷ","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"ἀλαλητῷ","lemma":"ἀλαλητός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φεύγοντες","gloss":"battle-cry"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑφ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνοιο","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"man-slaying"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b18-l150","source":"φεύγοντες νῆάς τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκοντο.","translation":"and reached the ships and the Hellespont.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγοντες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"νῆάς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑλλήσποντον","lemma":"Ἑλλήσποντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hellespont"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b18-l151","source":"οὐδέ κε Πάτροκλόν περ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Nor would the well-greaved Achaeans have drawn even Patroclus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλόν","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐρύσαντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b18-l152","source":"ἐκ βελέων ἐρύσαντο νέκυν θεράποντʼ Ἀχιλῆος·","translation":"the corpse of Achilles' attendant, out from under the missiles;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"βελέων","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"θεράποντ","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντ̓","gloss":"Achilles'"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b18-l153","source":"αὖτις γὰρ δὴ τόν γε κίχον λαός τε καὶ ἵπποι","translation":"for once again the host and horses overtook him,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίχον","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κίχον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κίχον","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"overtook"},{"surface":"λαός","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"army"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b18-l154","source":"Ἕκτωρ τε Πριάμοιο πάϊς φλογὶ εἴκελος ἀλκήν.","translation":"and Hector, Priam's son, whose strength was like a flame.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"φλογὶ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴκελος","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"εἴκελος","lemma":"εἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἀλκήν","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἴκελος","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b18-l155","source":"τρὶς μέν μιν μετόπισθε ποδῶν λάβε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"Three times glorious Hector seized him from behind by the feet,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l155.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τρὶς μέν","title":"Three times: the first stroke","body":"The first τρίς opens a balanced three-times pattern, answered by another τρίς at line 157. Homer uses the repeated count to make Hector's attempt and the Ajaxes' resistance feel ritualized and relentless."}],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μετόπισθε","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"from behind"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάβε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b18-l156","source":"ἑλκέμεναι μεμαώς, μέγα δὲ Τρώεσσιν ὁμόκλα·","translation":"eager to drag him away, and shouted loudly to the Trojans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑλκέμεναι","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαώς","gloss":"to drag"},{"surface":"μεμαώς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὁμόκλα","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμόκλα","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὁμόκλα","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b18-l157","source":"τρὶς δὲ δύʼ Αἴαντες θοῦριν ἐπιειμένοι ἀλκὴν","translation":"three times the two Ajaxes, clothed in furious valor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l157.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δύʼ Αἴαντες","title":"The two Ajaxes","body":"δύʼ is the shortened form of δύο, “two,” and the paired action identifies Ajax, son of Telamon, and Ajax, son of Oileus, acting together. Here Αἴαντες is plural; Homer uses the distinct dual form Αἴαντε at line 163."}],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπεστυφέλιξαν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Αἴαντες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Αἴαντες","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπεστυφέλιξαν","gloss":"Ajaxes"},{"surface":"θοῦριν","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκὴν","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἐπιειμένοι","lemma":"ἐπιέννυμι","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεστυφέλιξαν","gloss":"clothed in"},{"surface":"ἀλκὴν","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιειμένοι","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b18-l158","source":"νεκροῦ ἀπεστυφέλιξαν· ὃ δʼ ἔμπεδον ἀλκὶ πεποιθὼς","translation":"beat him back from the corpse. Yet, steadfast and trusting in his strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκροῦ","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπεστυφέλιξαν","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἀπεστυφέλιξαν","lemma":"ἀποστυφελίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beat back"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπαΐξασκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πεποιθὼς","gloss":"steadfastly"},{"surface":"ἀλκὶ","lemma":"ἀλκί","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πεποιθὼς","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"πεποιθὼς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπαΐξασκε","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b18-l159","source":"ἄλλοτʼ ἐπαΐξασκε κατὰ μόθον, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε","translation":"now he would charge into the combat, and now again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτ","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπαΐξασκε","gloss":"at one time"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξασκε","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would charge"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μόθον","lemma":"μόθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"combat"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στάσκε","gloss":"at another"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b18-l160","source":"στάσκε μέγα ἰάχων· ὀπίσω δʼ οὐ χάζετο πάμπαν.","translation":"stand shouting loudly; but he never gave ground at all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στάσκε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰάχων","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἰάχων","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στάσκε","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"ὀπίσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χάζετο","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"χάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave ground"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χάζετο","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b18-l161","source":"ὡς δʼ ἀπὸ σώματος οὔ τι λέοντʼ αἴθωνα δύνανται","translation":"As shepherds of the fields cannot drive a tawny lion","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύνανται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"σώματος","lemma":"σῶμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"carcass"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δύνανται","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"λέοντ","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δίεσθαι","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"αἴθωνα","lemma":"αἴθων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέοντ̓","gloss":"tawny"},{"surface":"δύνανται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"are able"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b18-l162","source":"ποιμένες ἄγραυλοι μέγα πεινάοντα δίεσθαι,","translation":"in its great hunger away from a carcass,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποιμένες","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δύνανται","gloss":"shepherds"},{"surface":"ἄγραυλοι","lemma":"ἄγραυλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποιμένες","gloss":"of the fields"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πεινάοντα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πεινάοντα","lemma":"πεινάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies λέοντ̓","gloss":"greatly hungry"},{"surface":"δίεσθαι","lemma":"δίω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δύνανται","gloss":"to drive away"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b18-l163","source":"ὥς ῥα τὸν οὐκ ἐδύναντο δύω Αἴαντε κορυστὰ","translation":"so the two helmeted Ajaxes could not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδύναντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐδύναντο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were able"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Αἴαντε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδύναντο","gloss":"Ajaxes"},{"surface":"κορυστὰ","lemma":"κορυστής","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴαντε","gloss":"helmeted"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b18-l164","source":"Ἕκτορα Πριαμίδην ἀπὸ νεκροῦ δειδίξασθαι.","translation":"frighten Hector, son of Priam, away from the corpse.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδην","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"νεκροῦ","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"δειδίξασθαι","lemma":"δειδίσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐδύναντο","gloss":"to frighten"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b18-l165","source":"καί νύ κεν εἴρυσσέν τε καὶ ἄσπετον ἤρατο κῦδος,","translation":"And now he would have dragged him off and won unspeakable glory,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l165.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καί νύ κεν","title":"The deed that almost happened","body":"καί νύ κεν begins Homer's recurring contrary-to-fact turn: Hector would have won the body, had not the intervention in the next lines stopped him. The construction holds the unreal outcome in view before εἰ μή overturns it."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴρυσσέν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"εἴρυσσέν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have dragged"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄσπετον","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"ἤρατο","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"won"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤρατο","gloss":"glory"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b18-l166","source":"εἰ μὴ Πηλεΐωνι ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις","translation":"had not wind-footed swift Iris come to the son of Peleus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l166.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις","title":"Wind-footed swift Iris","body":"Iris bears her fuller speed epithet as she races from Olympus. It remains distinct from πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις, “swift-footed Iris,” which closes her mission at line 202."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνι","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"ποδήνεμος","lemma":"ποδήνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"wind-footed"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b18-l167","source":"ἄγγελος ἦλθε θέουσʼ ἀπʼ Ὀλύμπου θωρήσσεσθαι","translation":"a messenger speeding from Olympus, bidding him arm,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"θέουσ","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"speeding"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπου","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"θωρήσσεσθαι","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"to arm"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b18-l168","source":"κρύβδα Διὸς ἄλλων τε θεῶν· πρὸ γὰρ ἧκέ μιν Ἥρη.","translation":"in secret from Zeus and the other gods, for Hera had sent her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρύβδα","lemma":"κρύβδα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"secretly"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"without knowledge of"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἧκέ","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἧκέ","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἧκέ","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b18-l169","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"Standing close beside him, she addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l169.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"This fixed speech formula imagines words taking flight from speaker to hearer. The complete Greek line repeats an accepted formula and therefore keeps its established English wording here."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱσταμένη","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱσταμένη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b18-l170","source":"ὄρσεο Πηλεΐδη, πάντων ἐκπαγλότατʼ ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"\"Rise, son of Peleus, most terrible of all men!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρσεο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδη","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐκπαγλότατ","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐδη","gloss":"most terrible"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐκπαγλότατ̓","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b18-l171","source":"Πατρόκλῳ ἐπάμυνον, οὗ εἵνεκα φύλοπις αἰνὴ","translation":"Defend Patroclus, for whose sake the grim battle-din","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπάμυνον","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἐπάμυνον","lemma":"ἐπαμύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φύλοπις","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕστηκε","gloss":"forwhose"},{"surface":"αἰνὴ","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φύλοπις","gloss":"dreadful"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b18-l172","source":"ἕστηκε πρὸ νεῶν· οἳ δʼ ἀλλήλους ὀλέκουσιν","translation":"stands before the ships; they are killing one another,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστηκε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πατρόκλῳ","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀλέκουσιν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀλέκουσιν","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"ὀλέκουσιν","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroy"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b18-l173","source":"οἳ μὲν ἀμυνόμενοι νέκυος πέρι τεθνηῶτος,","translation":"the one side defending the body of the dead man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀμυνόμενοι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"νέκυος","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέρι","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies νέκυος","gloss":"theone"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b18-l174","source":"οἳ δὲ ἐρύσσασθαι ποτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν","translation":"the other, the Trojans, surging forward to drag it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"subject","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσασθαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐπιθύουσι","gloss":"drag"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"theother"},{"surface":"ἠνεμόεσσαν","lemma":"ἠνεμόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"windy"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b18-l175","source":"Τρῶες ἐπιθύουσι· μάλιστα δὲ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"toward windy Ilion. Glorious Hector above all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ἐπιθύουσι","lemma":"ἐπιθύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"surge forward"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμονεν","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μέμονεν","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b18-l176","source":"ἑλκέμεναι μέμονεν· κεφαλὴν δέ ἑ θυμὸς ἄνωγε","translation":"is set on dragging him away; his heart urges him to cut off","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑλκέμεναι","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μέμονεν","gloss":"isset"},{"surface":"μέμονεν","lemma":"μέμονα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"himaway"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πῆξαι","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄνωγε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἄνωγε","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urgeshim"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b18-l177","source":"πῆξαι ἀνὰ σκολόπεσσι ταμόνθʼ ἁπαλῆς ἀπὸ δειρῆς.","translation":"the head from the tender neck and fix it upon the stakes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῆξαι","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"thehead"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"σκολόπεσσι","lemma":"σκόλοψ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"fromthe"},{"surface":"ταμόνθ","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πῆξαι","gloss":"having cut"},{"surface":"ἁπαλῆς","lemma":"ἁπαλός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δειρῆς","gloss":"andfix"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"δειρῆς","lemma":"δειρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"itupon"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b18-l178","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄνα μηδʼ ἔτι κεῖσο· σέβας δέ σε θυμὸν ἱκέσθω","translation":"But rise; lie here no longer. Let dread enter your heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄνα","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"adverb","role":"main verb","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖσο","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"κεῖσο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"σέβας","lemma":"σέβας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκέσθω","gloss":"butrise"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκέσθω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθω","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθω","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"letdread"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b18-l179","source":"Πάτροκλον Τρῳῇσι κυσὶν μέλπηθρα γενέσθαι·","translation":"that Patroclus should become a plaything for the dogs of Troy;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l179.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέλπηθρα","title":"A plaything for dogs","body":"μέλπηθρα makes the threatened abuse more pointed than simple feeding: Patroclus' corpse would become sport for Trojan dogs. The same Greek line belongs to a cross-book repeated formula and keeps that degrading image intact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γενέσθαι","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"Τρῳῇσι","lemma":"Τρωιός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυσὶν","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"κυσὶν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γενέσθαι","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"μέλπηθρα","lemma":"μέλπηθρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"forthe"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies σέβας","gloss":"come to pass"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b18-l180","source":"σοὶ λώβη, αἴ κέν τι νέκυς ᾐσχυμμένος ἔλθῃ.","translation":"shame will be yours if the corpse comes back at all dishonored.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"λώβη","lemma":"λώβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"shamewill"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ᾐσχυμμένος","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"νέκυς","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ᾐσχυμμένος","lemma":"αἰσχύνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθῃ","gloss":"defile"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"come"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b18-l181","source":"τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed godlike Achilles answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l181.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς","title":"Swift-footed godlike Achilles","body":"The paired epithets praise Achilles' speed and heroic splendor even while he lacks armor. Their fixed wording distinguishes this fuller formula from the simpler “swift-footed Achilles.”"}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"thenswift"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b18-l182","source":"Ἶρι θεὰ τίς γάρ σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκε;","translation":"\"Goddess Iris, which of the gods sent you as messenger to me?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἶρι","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἧκε","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἄγγελον","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sentyou"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b18-l183","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις·","translation":"Then wind-footed swift Iris addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thenwind"},{"surface":"ποδήνεμος","lemma":"ποδήνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"wind-footed"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"himin"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b18-l184","source":"Ἥρη με προέηκε Διὸς κυδρὴ παράκοιτις·","translation":"\"Hera sent me, the glorious wife of Zeus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"herasent"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προέηκε","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"προέηκε","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παράκοιτις","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"κυδρὴ","lemma":"κυδρός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παράκοιτις","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"παράκοιτις","lemma":"παράκοιτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wifeof"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b18-l185","source":"οὐδʼ οἶδε Κρονίδης ὑψίζυγος οὐδέ τις ἄλλος","translation":"the son of Cronos, throned on high, does not know, nor does any other","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶδε","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows","note":"Perfect form with present force: 'knows' — the normal sense of οἶδα."},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οἶδε","gloss":"son of Cronos","note":"Patronymic epithet for Zeus: 'son of Cronos.'"},{"surface":"ὑψίζυγος","lemma":"ὑψίζυγος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίδης","gloss":"throned on high"},{"surface":"οὐδέ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b18-l186","source":"ἀθανάτων, οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἀγάννιφον ἀμφινέμονται.","translation":"immortal who dwells about snow-covered Olympus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφινέμονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφινέμονται","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἀγάννιφον","lemma":"ἀγάννιφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"snow-covered"},{"surface":"ἀμφινέμονται","lemma":"ἀμφινέμομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀθανάτων","gloss":"dwell around"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b18-l187","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed Achilles answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"thenswift"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b18-l188","source":"πῶς τὰρ ἴω μετὰ μῶλον; ἔχουσι δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐκεῖνοι·","translation":"\"How can I go into the battle? Those men hold my armor;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴω","gloss":"howcan"},{"surface":"τὰρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"intothe"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"μῶλον","lemma":"μῶλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"thosemen"},{"surface":"ἔχουσι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐκεῖνοι","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔχουσι","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b18-l189","source":"μήτηρ δʼ οὔ με φίλη πρίν γʼ εἴα θωρήσσεσθαι","translation":"and my dear mother did not permit me to arm","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴα","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσεσθαι","gloss":"andmy"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἴα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"θωρήσσεσθαι","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of εἴα","gloss":"permitme"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b18-l190","source":"πρίν γʼ αὐτὴν ἐλθοῦσαν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδωμαι·","translation":"until I see her herself return before my eyes;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἴδωμαι","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐλθοῦσαν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"ἴδωμαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"untili"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b18-l191","source":"στεῦτο γὰρ Ἡφαίστοιο πάρʼ οἰσέμεν ἔντεα καλά.","translation":"for she promised to bring fine armor from Hephaestus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στεῦτο","lemma":"στεῦμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forshe"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πάῤ","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"πάρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"οἰσέμεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of στεῦτο","gloss":"bear"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἰσέμεν","gloss":"bringfine"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"beautiful"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b18-l192","source":"ἄλλου δʼ οὔ τευ οἶδα τεῦ ἂν κλυτὰ τεύχεα δύω,","translation":"I know of no other man's glorious armor that I could put on,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλου","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τευ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οἶδα","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"iknow"},{"surface":"τεῦ","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δύω","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τευ","gloss":"sglorious"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b18-l193","source":"εἰ μὴ Αἴαντός γε σάκος Τελαμωνιάδαο.","translation":"except the shield of Ajax, son of Telamon.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Αἴαντός","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"exceptthe"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"Τελαμωνιάδαο","lemma":"Τελαμωνιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴαντός","gloss":"ajax"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b18-l194","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ γʼ ἔλπομʼ ἐνὶ πρώτοισιν ὁμιλεῖ","translation":"But I expect that he himself is among the foremost fighters,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔλπομ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔλπομ","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"buti"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πρώτοισιν","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"hehimself"},{"surface":"ὁμιλεῖ","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fights among"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b18-l195","source":"ἔγχεϊ δηϊόων περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος.","translation":"laying enemies low with his spear around dead Patroclus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δηϊόων","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"δηϊόων","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁμιλεῖ","gloss":"lowwith"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b18-l196","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις·","translation":"Then wind-footed swift Iris addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thenwind"},{"surface":"ποδήνεμος","lemma":"ποδήνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"wind-footed"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"himin"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b18-l197","source":"εὖ νυ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν ὅ τοι κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἔχονται·","translation":"\"We too know well that your glorious armor is held from you;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδμεν","gloss":"wetoo"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδμεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδμεν","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we know"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔχονται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχονται","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔχονται","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b18-l198","source":"ἀλλʼ αὔτως ἐπὶ τάφρον ἰὼν Τρώεσσι φάνηθι,","translation":"but go just as you are to the trench and show yourself to the Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάνηθι","gloss":"butgo"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ditch"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάνηθι","gloss":"trenchand"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φάνηθι","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"φάνηθι","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"show"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b18-l199","source":"αἴ κέ σʼ ὑποδείσαντες ἀπόσχωνται πολέμοιο","translation":"so that they may fear you and draw back from battle,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑποδείσαντες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὑποδείσαντες","lemma":"ὑποδείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"sothat"},{"surface":"ἀπόσχωνται","lemma":"ἀπέχω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"anddraw"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b18-l200","source":"Τρῶες, ἀναπνεύσωσι δʼ ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"and the warlike sons of the Achaeans may breathe again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ἀναπνεύσωσι","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"andthe"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊοι","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀναπνεύσωσι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b18-l201","source":"τειρόμενοι· ὀλίγη δέ τʼ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο.","translation":"in their exhaustion; brief indeed is any breathing-space in war.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l201.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο","title":"A breath within battle","body":"ἀνάπνευσις is literally a breathing again, hence a brief respite. Iris promises no victory here, only the small pause that exhausted fighters can gain when the Trojans recoil."}],"words":[{"surface":"τειρόμενοι","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"object of ἀναπνεύσωσι","gloss":"intheir"},{"surface":"ὀλίγη","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάπνευσις","lemma":"ἀνάπνευσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"isany"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνάπνευσις","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b18-l202","source":"ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις,","translation":"So speaking, swift-footed Iris departed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκέα","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b18-l203","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς ὦρτο Διῒ φίλος· ἀμφὶ δʼ Ἀθήνη","translation":"and Achilles, dear to Zeus, rose. Around him Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φίλος","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βάλ̓","gloss":"rose"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b18-l204","source":"ὤμοις ἰφθίμοισι βάλʼ αἰγίδα θυσσανόεσσαν,","translation":"cast the tasseled aegis over his mighty shoulders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμοις","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βάλ̓","gloss":"castthe"},{"surface":"ἰφθίμοισι","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὤμοις","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"βάλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"αἰγίδα","lemma":"αἰγίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλ̓","gloss":"overhis"},{"surface":"θυσσανόεσσαν","lemma":"θυσανόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"tasseled"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b18-l205","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κεφαλῇ νέφος ἔστεφε δῖα θεάων","translation":"and around his head the divine goddess wreathed a golden","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔστεφε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔστεφε","gloss":"andaround"},{"surface":"ἔστεφε","lemma":"στέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hishead"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἔστεφε","gloss":"thedivine"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"goddess"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b18-l206","source":"χρύσεον, ἐκ δʼ αὐτοῦ δαῖε φλόγα παμφανόωσαν.","translation":"cloud, and from it kindled an all-shining flame.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσεον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δαῖε","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"φλόγα","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δαῖε","gloss":"andfrom"},{"surface":"παμφανόωσαν","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies φλόγα","gloss":"anall"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b18-l207","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε καπνὸς ἰὼν ἐξ ἄστεος αἰθέρʼ ἵκηται","translation":"As when smoke rises from a city and reaches the upper air,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l207.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε","title":"An extended simile opens","body":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε marks the beginning of a full epic comparison. The island city, its defenders, and the answering hope of aid unfold through line 213 before line 214 returns to the radiance above Achilles."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκηται","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"καπνὸς","lemma":"καπνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"aswhen"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκηται","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἄστεος","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"αἰθέρ","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"cityand"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b18-l208","source":"τηλόθεν ἐκ νήσου, τὴν δήϊοι ἀμφιμάχωνται,","translation":"far away on an island that enemies are fighting around,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκηται","gloss":"faroff"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νήσου","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"froman"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφιμάχωνται","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δήϊοι","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀμφιμάχωνται","gloss":"enemies"},{"surface":"ἀμφιμάχωνται","lemma":"ἀμφιμάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νήσου","gloss":"fight around"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b18-l209","source":"οἵ τε πανημέριοι στυγερῷ κρίνονται Ἄρηϊ","translation":"and all day long the people are tested by hateful Ares","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κρίνονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πανημέριοι","lemma":"πανημέριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"andall"},{"surface":"στυγερῷ","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"thepeople"},{"surface":"κρίνονται","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δήϊοι","gloss":"judge"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κρίνονται","gloss":"byhateful"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b18-l210","source":"ἄστεος ἐκ σφετέρου· ἅμα δʼ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι","translation":"as they fight from their own city; but as the sun goes down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστεος","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"σφετέρου","lemma":"σφέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστεος","gloss":"asthey"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠελίῳ","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντι","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἠελίῳ","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b18-l211","source":"πυρσοί τε φλεγέθουσιν ἐπήτριμοι, ὑψόσε δʼ αὐγὴ","translation":"beacon-fires blaze thickly, and their glare leaps upward","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυρσοί","lemma":"πυρσός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φλεγέθουσιν","gloss":"beacon-fires"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φλεγέθουσιν","lemma":"φλεγέθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"blaze"},{"surface":"ἐπήτριμοι","lemma":"ἐπήτριμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"andtheir"},{"surface":"ὑψόσε","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γίγνεται","gloss":"upward"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐγὴ","lemma":"αὐγή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνεται","gloss":"radiance"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b18-l212","source":"γίγνεται ἀΐσσουσα περικτιόνεσσιν ἰδέσθαι,","translation":"for neighboring peoples to see,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"come to pass"},{"surface":"ἀΐσσουσα","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to γίγνεται","gloss":"leaping"},{"surface":"περικτιόνεσσιν","lemma":"περικτίονες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γίγνεται","gloss":"peoplesto"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of γίγνεται","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b18-l213","source":"αἴ κέν πως σὺν νηυσὶν ἄρεω ἀλκτῆρες ἵκωνται·","translation":"in hope that defenders may somehow come in ships—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἄρεω","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλκτῆρες","gloss":"inhope"},{"surface":"ἀλκτῆρες","lemma":"ἀλκτήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"defenders"},{"surface":"ἵκωνται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"comein"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b18-l214","source":"ὣς ἀπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος κεφαλῆς σέλας αἰθέρʼ ἵκανε·","translation":"so the radiance from Achilles' head reached the upper air.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"σέλας","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκανε","gloss":"sothe"},{"surface":"αἰθέρ","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανε","gloss":"achilles"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"theupper"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b18-l215","source":"στῆ δʼ ἐπὶ τάφρον ἰὼν ἀπὸ τείχεος, οὐδʼ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"He went to the trench and stood apart from the wall, but did not join","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ditch"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"hewent"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"τείχεος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b18-l216","source":"μίσγετο· μητρὸς γὰρ πυκινὴν ὠπίζετʼ ἐφετμήν.","translation":"the Achaeans, for he honored his mother's careful command.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίσγετο","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"joined"},{"surface":"μητρὸς","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐφετμήν","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πυκινὴν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐφετμήν","gloss":"forhe"},{"surface":"ὠπίζετ","lemma":"ὀπίζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"ἐφετμήν","lemma":"ἐφετμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὠπίζετ̓","gloss":"mothers"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b18-l217","source":"ἔνθα στὰς ἤϋσʼ, ἀπάτερθε δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη","translation":"Standing there he shouted, while from afar Pallas Athena","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στὰς","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσ̓","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἤϋσ","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"ἀπάτερθε","lemma":"ἀπάτερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φθέγξατ̓","gloss":"heshouted"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"whilefrom"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φθέγξατ̓","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b18-l218","source":"φθέγξατʼ· ἀτὰρ Τρώεσσιν ἐν ἄσπετον ὦρσε κυδοιμόν.","translation":"gave voice and stirred unspeakable turmoil among the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθέγξατ","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gavevoice"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἄσπετον","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κυδοιμόν","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"κυδοιμόν","lemma":"κυδοιμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"amongthe"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b18-l219","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀριζήλη φωνή, ὅτε τʼ ἴαχε σάλπιγξ","translation":"As clear as the voice when a trumpet cries out","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀριζήλη","lemma":"ἀρίζηλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"asclear"},{"surface":"φωνή","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴαχε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴαχε","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cry aloud"},{"surface":"σάλπιγξ","lemma":"σάλπιγξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἴαχε","gloss":"voicewhen"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b18-l220","source":"ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕπο θυμοραϊστέων,","translation":"beneath spirit-breaking enemies who besiege a city,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of περιπλομένων","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"περιπλομένων","lemma":"περιπέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies δηΐων","gloss":"besieging"},{"surface":"δηΐων","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"enemies"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"θυμοραϊστέων","lemma":"θυμοραιστής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δηΐων","gloss":"spirit-breaking"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b18-l221","source":"ὣς τότʼ ἀριζήλη φωνὴ γένετʼ Αἰακίδαο.","translation":"so clear then became the voice of Aeacus' son.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀριζήλη","lemma":"ἀρίζηλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"soclear"},{"surface":"φωνὴ","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come to pass"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φωνὴ","gloss":"thevoice"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b18-l222","source":"οἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν ἄϊον ὄπα χάλκεον Αἰακίδαο,","translation":"When they heard the bronze voice of Aeacus' son,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄϊον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄϊον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄϊον","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὀρίνθη","gloss":"whenthey"},{"surface":"ὄπα","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄϊον","gloss":"heardthe"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὄπα","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄπα","gloss":"ofaeacus"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b18-l223","source":"πᾶσιν ὀρίνθη θυμός· ἀτὰρ καλλίτριχες ἵπποι","translation":"every heart was shaken; the fair-maned horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀρίνθη","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὀρίνθη","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was shaken"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρίνθη","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχες","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"thefair"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τρόπεον","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b18-l224","source":"ἂψ ὄχεα τρόπεον· ὄσσοντο γὰρ ἄλγεα θυμῷ.","translation":"turned the chariots back, for their hearts foresaw anguish.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρόπεον","gloss":"turnedthe"},{"surface":"ὄχεα","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τρόπεον","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"τρόπεον","lemma":"τροπέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fortheir"},{"surface":"ὄσσοντο","lemma":"ὄσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"foresaw"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὄσσοντο","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄσσοντο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b18-l225","source":"ἡνίοχοι δʼ ἔκπληγεν, ἐπεὶ ἴδον ἀκάματον πῦρ","translation":"The charioteers were struck with terror when they saw the tireless fire","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡνίοχοι","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκπληγεν","gloss":"charioteers"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκπληγεν","lemma":"ἐκπλήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were terrified"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"whenthey"},{"surface":"ἀκάματον","lemma":"ἀκάματος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"sawthe"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b18-l226","source":"δεινὸν ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς μεγαθύμου Πηλεΐωνος","translation":"blazing dreadfully above the head of the great-hearted son of Peleus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"Peleus"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b18-l227","source":"δαιόμενον· τὸ δὲ δαῖε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.","translation":"bright-eyed Athena was the goddess who kindled it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιόμενον","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δαῖε","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαῖε","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"athenawas"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b18-l228","source":"τρὶς μὲν ὑπὲρ τάφρου μεγάλʼ ἴαχε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"Three times across the trench godlike Achilles shouted loudly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l228.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τρὶς μὲν","title":"Achilles' three cries","body":"The first τρίς is answered immediately by a second at line 229: three cries, three waves of confusion. The repeated formula attributes the cries to Achilles himself, while Athena supplies the divine terror around them."}],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴαχε","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"τάφρου","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"the trench"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴαχε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἴαχε","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴαχε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b18-l229","source":"τρὶς δὲ κυκήθησαν Τρῶες κλειτοί τʼ ἐπίκουροι.","translation":"and three times the Trojans and their famed allies were thrown into turmoil.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κυκήθησαν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυκήθησαν","lemma":"κυκάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were thrown into turmoil"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"κλειτοί","lemma":"κλειτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπίκουροι","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουροι","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b18-l230","source":"ἔνθα δὲ καὶ τότʼ ὄλοντο δυώδεκα φῶτες ἄριστοι","translation":"Then and there twelve of their best men perished","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὄλοντο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"δυώδεκα","lemma":"δυώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies φῶτες","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"φῶτες","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄλοντο","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies φῶτες","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b18-l231","source":"ἀμφὶ σφοῖς ὀχέεσσι καὶ ἔγχεσιν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"amid their own chariots and spears. But the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"σφοῖς","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀχέεσσι","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"ὀχέεσσι","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσιν","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κάτθεσαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b18-l232","source":"ἀσπασίως Πάτροκλον ὑπʼ ἐκ βελέων ἐρύσαντες","translation":"gladly drew Patroclus out from under the missiles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπασίως","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάτθεσαν","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσαντες","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"βελέων","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντες","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κάτθεσαν","gloss":"drew"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b18-l233","source":"κάτθεσαν ἐν λεχέεσσι· φίλοι δʼ ἀμφέσταν ἑταῖροι","translation":"and laid him on a bier; his dear companions stood around him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάτθεσαν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λεχέεσσι","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"bier"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφέσταν","lemma":"ἀμφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they stood around"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφέσταν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b18-l234","source":"μυρόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφι ποδώκης εἵπετʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"in mourning, and swift-footed Achilles followed among them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρόμενοι","lemma":"μύρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφέσταν","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ποδώκης","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"εἵπετ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἵπετ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b18-l235","source":"δάκρυα θερμὰ χέων, ἐπεὶ εἴσιδε πιστὸν ἑταῖρον","translation":"shedding hot tears when he saw his faithful companion","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χέων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"θερμὰ","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυα","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"χέων","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἵπετ̓","gloss":"shedding"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"εἴσιδε","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"πιστὸν","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσιδε","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b18-l236","source":"κείμενον ἐν φέρτρῳ δεδαϊγμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"lying on the bier, mangled by sharp bronze—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φέρτρῳ","lemma":"φέρετρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"bier"},{"surface":"δεδαϊγμένον","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mangled"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεδαϊγμένον","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b18-l237","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἔπεμπε σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν","translation":"the man he had sent with horses and chariot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπεμπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπεμπε","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"he sent"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἵπποισιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφιν","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"chariots"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b18-l238","source":"ἐς πόλεμον, οὐδʼ αὖτις ἐδέξατο νοστήσαντα.","translation":"into battle, but did not welcome home again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδέξατο","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐδέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"welcomed"},{"surface":"νοστήσαντα","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b18-l239","source":"Ἠέλιον δʼ ἀκάμαντα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη","translation":"But as for untiring Helios, ox-eyed queenly Hera","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμψεν","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀκάμαντα","lemma":"ἀκάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠέλιον","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέμψεν","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b18-l240","source":"πέμψεν ἐπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοὰς ἀέκοντα νέεσθαι·","translation":"sent unwilling toward the streams of Oceanus to return;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψεν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥοὰς","gloss":"Ocean"},{"surface":"ῥοὰς","lemma":"ῥοή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντα","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of πέμψεν","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b18-l241","source":"ἠέλιος μὲν ἔδυ, παύσαντο δὲ δῖοι Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Helios went down, and the godlike Achaeans ceased","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδυ","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔδυ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"παύσαντο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖοι","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of παύσαντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b18-l242","source":"φυλόπιδος κρατερῆς καὶ ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο.","translation":"from the fierce battle-din and the level war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φυλόπιδος","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"battle-cry"},{"surface":"κρατερῆς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φυλόπιδος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμοιΐου","lemma":"ὁμοίιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"level"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b18-l243","source":"Τρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης","translation":"The Trojans, on the other side, withdrew from the fierce fighting","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλυσαν","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"κρατερῆς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνης","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b18-l244","source":"χωρήσαντες ἔλυσαν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους,","translation":"and loosed their swift horses beneath the chariots;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωρήσαντες","lemma":"χωρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλυσαν","gloss":"gave ground"},{"surface":"ἔλυσαν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"unyoked"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἅρμασιν","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑφ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b18-l245","source":"ἐς δʼ ἀγορὴν ἀγέροντο πάρος δόρποιο μέδεσθαι.","translation":"then gathered in assembly before they thought of supper.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"ἀγέροντο","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δόρποιο","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of μέδεσθαι","gloss":"suppers"},{"surface":"μέδεσθαι","lemma":"μέδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πάρος","gloss":"to consider"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b18-l246","source":"ὀρθῶν δʼ ἑσταότων ἀγορὴ γένετʼ, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη","translation":"The assembly formed with all men standing; no one dared","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀρθῶν","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑσταότων","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"formed"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλη","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἔτλη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b18-l247","source":"ἕζεσθαι· πάντας γὰρ ἔχε τρόμος, οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"to sit, for trembling held them all, because Achilles","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζεσθαι","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλη","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"τρόμος","lemma":"τρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξεφάνη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b18-l248","source":"ἐξεφάνη, δηρὸν δὲ μάχης ἐπέπαυτʼ ἀλεγεινῆς.","translation":"had appeared after holding back so long from grievous battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξεφάνη","lemma":"ἐκφαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπέπαυτ̓","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέπαυτ̓","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐπέπαυτ","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"had held back"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινῆς","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b18-l249","source":"τοῖσι δὲ Πουλυδάμας πεπνυμένος ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν","translation":"Then wise Polydamas began to speak among them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l249.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Πουλυδάμας πεπνυμένος","title":"Wise Polydamas","body":"πεπνυμένος is a traditional epithet for a man of sound understanding. Here it prepares for the contrast between Polydamas's foresight and Hector's strength with the spear."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύειν","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πουλυδάμας","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμας","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύειν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"to speak"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b18-l250","source":"Πανθοΐδης· ὃ γὰρ οἶος ὅρα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω·","translation":"the son of Panthous; he alone saw both ahead and behind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l250.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω","title":"Ahead and behind","body":"The paired adverbs describe judgment that looks forward to consequences and backward to precedent. οἶος, “alone,” singles Polydamas out from the whole council."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πανθοΐδης","lemma":"Πανθοίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμας","gloss":"son of Panthous"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὅρα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ὅρα","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b18-l251","source":"Ἕκτορι δʼ ἦεν ἑταῖρος, ἰῇ δʼ ἐν νυκτὶ γένοντο,","translation":"He was Hector's companion, and they were born in the same night,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"comrade"},{"surface":"ἰῇ","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νυκτὶ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were born"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b18-l252","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἂρ μύθοισιν, ὃ δʼ ἔγχεϊ πολλὸν ἐνίκα·","translation":"but one excelled greatly in counsel, the other with the spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l252.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὃ μὲν ἂρ μύθοισιν, ὃ δʼ ἔγχεϊ","title":"One in counsel, one with the spear","body":"The μέν...δέ balance sets the companions' different strengths against each other. The repeated ὃ marks Polydamas first and Hector second."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μύθοισιν","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in speech"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνίκα","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνίκα","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνίκα","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἐνίκα","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he won"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b18-l253","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"With good will toward them, he addressed them and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορήσατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορήσατο","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἐϋφρονέων","lemma":"εὐφρονέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b18-l254","source":"ἀμφὶ μάλα φράζεσθε φίλοι· κέλομαι γὰρ ἔγωγε","translation":"\"Think this through on every side, my friends. I urge you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"φράζεσθε","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"think through"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"κέλομαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλομαι","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b18-l255","source":"ἄστυδε νῦν ἰέναι, μὴ μίμνειν ἠῶ δῖαν","translation":"to go now to the city, not to wait for shining Dawn","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστυδε","lemma":"ἄστυδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰέναι","gloss":"to the city"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μίμνειν","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to wait"},{"surface":"ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μίμνειν","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠῶ","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b18-l256","source":"ἐν πεδίῳ παρὰ νηυσίν· ἑκὰς δʼ ἀπὸ τείχεός εἰμεν.","translation":"on the plain beside the ships; we are far from the wall.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσίν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰμεν","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"τείχεός","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"εἰμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b18-l257","source":"ὄφρα μὲν οὗτος ἀνὴρ Ἀγαμέμνονι μήνιε δίῳ","translation":"As long as this man raged against godlike Agamemnon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l257.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μήνιε","title":"Achilles' wrath","body":"μήνιε is the imperfect of μηνίω, the verb related to μῆνις, the wrath announced in the poem's first line. Polydamas treats that wrath against Agamemnon as the condition that had made the Achaeans easier to fight."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μήνιε","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μήνιε","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μήνιε","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"μήνιε","lemma":"μηνίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόφρα","gloss":"nursed his wrath"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b18-l258","source":"τόφρα δὲ ῥηΐτεροι πολεμίζειν ἦσαν Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"so long were the Achaeans easier to fight.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥηΐτεροι","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"easier"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ῥηΐτεροι","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b18-l259","source":"χαίρεσκον γὰρ ἔγωγε θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἰαύων","translation":"I was glad to spend the night beside their swift ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαίρεσκον","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was glad"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χαίρεσκον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"θοῇς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἰαύων","lemma":"ἰαύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαίρεσκον","gloss":"spending the night"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b18-l260","source":"ἐλπόμενος νῆας αἱρησέμεν ἀμφιελίσσας.","translation":"hoping to capture the ships that curve at both ends.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλπόμενος","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαίρεσκον","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of αἱρησέμεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"αἱρησέμεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐλπόμενος","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"ἀμφιελίσσας","lemma":"ἀμφιέλισσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"curved on both sides"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b18-l261","source":"νῦν δʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα·","translation":"But now I dread the swift-footed son of Peleus terribly.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδοικα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδοικα","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δείδοικα","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"ποδώκεα","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δείδοικα","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b18-l262","source":"οἷος κείνου θυμὸς ὑπέρβιος, οὐκ ἐθελήσει","translation":"So overbearing is his spirit, he will not consent","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὑπέρβιος","lemma":"ὑπέρβιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθελήσει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be willing"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b18-l263","source":"μίμνειν ἐν πεδίῳ, ὅθι περ Τρῶες καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"to remain upon the plain, where Trojans and Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίμνειν","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθελήσει","gloss":"remain"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δατέονται","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b18-l264","source":"ἐν μέσῳ ἀμφότεροι μένος Ἄρηος δατέονται,","translation":"in the midst divide between them the fury of Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l264.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μένος Ἄρηος δατέονται","title":"Sharing Ares' fury","body":"The middle verb δατέονται pictures both armies taking shares in the battle-force of Ares. Polydamas says that Achilles will carry the fighting beyond this customary ground."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"ἀμφότεροι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δατέονται","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Ares"},{"surface":"δατέονται","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πεδίῳ","gloss":"divide"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b18-l265","source":"ἀλλὰ περὶ πτόλιός τε μαχήσεται ἠδὲ γυναικῶν.","translation":"but he will fight around our city and our women.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πτόλιός","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαχήσεται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he will fight"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"among women"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b18-l266","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴομεν προτὶ ἄστυ, πίθεσθέ μοι· ὧδε γὰρ ἔσται·","translation":"Come, let us go toward the city; heed me, for this will happen:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"πίθεσθέ","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πίθεσθέ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will turn out"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b18-l267","source":"νῦν μὲν νὺξ ἀπέπαυσε ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα","translation":"for now immortal night has checked the swift-footed son of Peleus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέπαυσε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέπαυσε","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἀπέπαυσε","lemma":"ἀποπαύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cease"},{"surface":"ποδώκεα","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπέπαυσε","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b18-l268","source":"ἀμβροσίη· εἰ δʼ ἄμμε κιχήσεται ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντας","translation":"but if he finds us still here,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβροσίη","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμμε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κιχήσεται","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"κιχήσεται","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντας","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἄμμε","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b18-l269","source":"αὔριον ὁρμηθεὶς σὺν τεύχεσιν, εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν","translation":"setting out tomorrow in armor, then someone will know him well indeed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l269.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αὔριον ὁρμηθεὶς σὺν τεύχεσιν","title":"Setting out tomorrow","body":"The aorist participle ὁρμηθείς gives the action that precedes the main prediction: Achilles will set out in armor, and then the Trojans will know him. αὔριον fixes that sortie on the next day."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὔριον","lemma":"αὔριον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιχήσεται","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθεὶς","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κιχήσεται","gloss":"setting out"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνώσεται","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γνώσεται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of γνώσεται","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b18-l270","source":"γνώσεται· ἀσπασίως γὰρ ἀφίξεται Ἴλιον ἱρὴν","translation":"Gladly will he reach sacred Ilion who escapes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνώσεται","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he shall know"},{"surface":"ἀσπασίως","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφίξεται","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀφίξεται","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they came"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφίξεται","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρὴν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b18-l271","source":"ὅς κε φύγῃ, πολλοὺς δὲ κύνες καὶ γῦπες ἔδονται","translation":"but dogs and vultures will devour many Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φύγῃ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φύγῃ","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ἀφίξεται","gloss":"escapes"},{"surface":"πολλοὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔδονται","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γῦπες","lemma":"γύψ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"vultures"},{"surface":"ἔδονται","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will devour"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b18-l272","source":"Τρώων· αἲ γὰρ δή μοι ἀπʼ οὔατος ὧδε γένοιτο.","translation":"May such a thing never come within my hearing.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πολλοὺς","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to γένοιτο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὔατος","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοιτο","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might turn out"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b18-l273","source":"εἰ δʼ ἂν ἐμοῖς ἐπέεσσι πιθώμεθα κηδόμενοί περ,","translation":"But if we obey my words, though troubled as we are,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l273.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πιθώμεθα","title":"A condition in the subjunctive","body":"πιθώμεθα is an aorist middle subjunctive in the condition introduced by εἰ δʼ ἄν: “if we obey.” The middle form takes the dative ἐμοῖς ἐπέεσσι, “obey my words.”"}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πιθώμεθα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πιθώμεθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"we obey"},{"surface":"κηδόμενοί","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πιθώμεθα","gloss":"though troubled"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b18-l274","source":"νύκτα μὲν εἰν ἀγορῇ σθένος ἕξομεν, ἄστυ δὲ πύργοι","translation":"through the night we shall keep our strength in council, while towers","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕξομεν","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰν","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕξομεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἕξομεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰρύσσονται","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πύργοι","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"towers"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b18-l275","source":"ὑψηλαί τε πύλαι σανίδες τʼ ἐπὶ τῇς ἀραρυῖαι","translation":"and high gates, with doors fitted upon them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψηλαί","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πύλαι","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πύλαι","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"σανίδες","lemma":"σανίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"door-planks"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"τῇς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"ἀραρυῖαι","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifies σανίδες","gloss":"firmly bound"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b18-l276","source":"μακραὶ ἐΰξεστοι ἐζευγμέναι εἰρύσσονται·","translation":"tall, well-planed, and bolted fast, will guard the city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μακραὶ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σανίδες","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"ἐΰξεστοι","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σανίδες","gloss":"well-planed"},{"surface":"ἐζευγμέναι","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifies σανίδες","gloss":"bolted fast"},{"surface":"εἰρύσσονται","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will guard"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b18-l277","source":"πρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες","translation":"And early at dawn, arrayed in our armor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l277.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὑπηοῖοι","title":"At the first hint of dawn","body":"The plural adjective ὑπηοῖοι is used predicatively of the speakers: they will arm at early dawn, before full daylight. This entire Greek line returns at line 303, where Hector turns the same dawn preparation toward the opposite plan."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶϊ","lemma":"πρωί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στησόμεθ̓","gloss":"early"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπηοῖοι","lemma":"ὑπηοῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"before dawn"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"θωρηχθέντες","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to στησόμεθ̓","gloss":"armed"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b18-l278","source":"στησόμεθʼ ἂμ πύργους· τῷ δʼ ἄλγιον, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν","translation":"we shall take our stand upon the towers. So much the worse for him, if he chooses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στησόμεθ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"πύργους","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἂμ","gloss":"towers"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλγιον","lemma":"ἀλγίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"he wishes"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b18-l279","source":"ἐλθὼν ἐκ νηῶν περὶ τείχεος ἄμμι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"to come from the ships and fight us around the wall.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τείχεος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἄμμι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b18-l280","source":"ἂψ πάλιν εἶσʼ ἐπὶ νῆας, ἐπεί κʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους","translation":"Back again he will go to the ships, once he has glutted his high-necked horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶσ̓","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶσ̓","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"εἶσ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐριαύχενας","lemma":"ἐριαύχην","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"high-necked"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄσῃ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b18-l281","source":"παντοίου δρόμου ἄσῃ ὑπὸ πτόλιν ἠλασκάζων·","translation":"with every kind of running as he wheels beneath the city.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίου","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δρόμου","gloss":"all kinds of"},{"surface":"δρόμου","lemma":"δρόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄσῃ","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"ἄσῃ","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"he has glutted"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ἠλασκάζων","lemma":"ἠλασκάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄσῃ","gloss":"wheeling"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b18-l282","source":"εἴσω δʼ οὔ μιν θυμὸς ἐφορμηθῆναι ἐάσει,","translation":"His spirit will not let him charge within,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφορμηθῆναι","gloss":"inward"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐάσει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐάσει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐφορμηθῆναι","lemma":"ἐφορμάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσει","gloss":"roused against"},{"surface":"ἐάσει","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b18-l283","source":"οὐδέ ποτʼ ἐκπέρσει· πρίν μιν κύνες ἀργοὶ ἔδονται.","translation":"nor will he ever sack it; before that, swift dogs will devour him.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐκπέρσει","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐκπέρσει","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you should sack"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδονται","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδονται","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδονται","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἀργοὶ","lemma":"ἀργός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἔδονται","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will devour"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b18-l284","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"Then, glaring at him from under his brows, Hector of the flashing helm spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l284.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν","title":"The angry-retort formula","body":"The fixed phrase describes a glare cast from beneath the brows and regularly marks an angry reply. Its established English wording is preserved here as part of the complete repeated line."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"from under his brows"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b18-l285","source":"Πουλυδάμα σὺ μὲν οὐκέτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"\"Polydamas, these words you speak no longer please me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πουλυδάμα","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φίλα","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φίλα","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you speak"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b18-l286","source":"ὃς κέλεαι κατὰ ἄστυ ἀλήμεναι αὖτις ἰόντας.","translation":"when you urge us to turn back and be penned within the city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλεαι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέλεαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σὺ","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἀλήμεναι","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of κέλεαι","gloss":"to be penned"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντας","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἰόντας","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλήμεναι","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b18-l287","source":"ἦ οὔ πω κεκόρησθε ἐελμένοι ἔνδοθι πύργων;","translation":"Have you not yet had your fill of being shut inside the towers?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to κεκόρησθε","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"κεκόρησθε","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have had your fill"},{"surface":"ἐελμένοι","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"object of κεκόρησθε","gloss":"penned in"},{"surface":"ἔνδοθι","lemma":"ἔνδοθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"πύργων","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνδοθι","gloss":"the towers"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b18-l288","source":"πρὶν μὲν γὰρ Πριάμοιο πόλιν μέροπες ἄνθρωποι","translation":"Before now, all mortal men used to call Priam's city","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μυθέσκοντο","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μυθέσκοντο","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"μέροπες","lemma":"μέροψ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνθρωποι","gloss":"of mortal-speaking"},{"surface":"ἄνθρωποι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μυθέσκοντο","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b18-l289","source":"πάντες μυθέσκοντο πολύχρυσον πολύχαλκον·","translation":"rich in gold and rich in bronze;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l289.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύχρυσον πολύχαλκον","title":"Rich in gold and bronze","body":"The matched compounds πολύχρυσον and πολύχαλκον sum up Troy's former wealth in precious metal and bronze. Their repeated πολύ- gives Hector's recollection a formal, emphatic balance."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνθρωποι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μυθέσκοντο","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to call"},{"surface":"πολύχρυσον","lemma":"πολύχρυσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"rich in gold"},{"surface":"πολύχαλκον","lemma":"πολύχαλκος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"rich in bronze"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b18-l290","source":"νῦν δὲ δὴ ἐξαπόλωλε δόμων κειμήλια καλά,","translation":"but now the fine treasures have vanished from our houses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξαπόλωλε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐξαπόλωλε","lemma":"ἐξαπόλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may they perish"},{"surface":"δόμων","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξαπόλωλε","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"κειμήλια","lemma":"κειμήλιον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐξαπόλωλε","gloss":"treasures"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κειμήλια","gloss":"fair"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b18-l291","source":"πολλὰ δὲ δὴ Φρυγίην καὶ Μῃονίην ἐρατεινὴν","translation":"and many possessions have gone, sold into Phrygia and lovely Maeonia,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτήματα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Φρυγίην","lemma":"Φρύγιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of Phrygia"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μῃονίην","lemma":"Μῃονίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of Maeonia"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινὴν","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μῃονίην","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b18-l292","source":"κτήματα περνάμενʼ ἵκει, ἐπεὶ μέγας ὠδύσατο Ζεύς.","translation":"since mighty Zeus became angry with us.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκει","gloss":"treasures"},{"surface":"περνάμεν","lemma":"πέρνημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to ἵκει","gloss":"being sold"},{"surface":"ἵκει","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have gone"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὠδύσατο","lemma":"ὀδύσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"became angry"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὠδύσατο","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b18-l293","source":"νῦν δʼ ὅτε πέρ μοι ἔδωκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω","translation":"But now, when the son of crooked-counseling Cronos has granted me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l293.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω","title":"The son of crooked-counseling Cronos","body":"The patronymic phrase names Zeus through Cronos, whose epithet ἀγκυλομήτης suggests counsel that bends or twists. Hector treats Zeus's present grant of glory as grounds for rejecting prudent advice."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαῖν̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to φαῖν̓","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"Κρόνου","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Cronos"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀγκυλομήτεω","lemma":"ἀγκυλομήτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρόνου","gloss":"crooked-counseling"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b18-l294","source":"κῦδος ἀρέσθʼ ἐπὶ νηυσί, θαλάσσῃ τʼ ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"to win glory at the ships and hem the Achaeans against the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρέσθ̓","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀρέσθ","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"win"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νηυσί","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θαλάσσῃ","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλσαι","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλσαι","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"penned in"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔλσαι","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b18-l295","source":"νήπιε μηκέτι ταῦτα νοήματα φαῖνʼ ἐνὶ δήμῳ·","translation":"fool, show these thoughts no more among the people.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιε","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"μηκέτι","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαῖν̓","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νοήματα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"νοήματα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φαῖν̓","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"φαῖν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"show"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b18-l296","source":"οὐ γάρ τις Τρώων ἐπιπείσεται· οὐ γὰρ ἐάσω.","translation":"No Trojan will obey you; I will not allow it.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιπείσεται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπιπείσεται","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will obey"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐάσω","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"allow"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b18-l297","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω, πειθώμεθα πάντες.","translation":"Come, then, let all of us obey as I shall say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγεθ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπω","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to πειθώμεθα","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"πειθώμεθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us obey"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πειθώμεθα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b18-l298","source":"νῦν μὲν δόρπον ἕλεσθε κατὰ στρατὸν ἐν τελέεσσι,","translation":"Now take your supper by companies throughout the host,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλεσθε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλεσθε","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"ἕλεσθε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"army"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τελέεσσι","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"companies"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b18-l299","source":"καὶ φυλακῆς μνήσασθε, καὶ ἐγρήγορθε ἕκαστος·","translation":"remember the watch, and let each man stay awake.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φυλακῆς","lemma":"φυλακή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσασθε","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"μνήσασθε","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγρήγορθε","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"perfect passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stay awake"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b18-l300","source":"Τρώων δʼ ὃς κτεάτεσσιν ὑπερφιάλως ἀνιάζει,","translation":"As for any Trojan who frets excessively over his possessions,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὃς","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνιάζει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κτεάτεσσιν","lemma":"κτέαρ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνιάζει","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλως","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνιάζει","gloss":"harshly"},{"surface":"ἀνιάζει","lemma":"ἀνιάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of δότω","gloss":"frets"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b18-l301","source":"συλλέξας λαοῖσι δότω καταδημοβορῆσαι·","translation":"let him gather them and give them to the people for common use.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l301.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"καταδημοβορῆσαι","title":"For the people to consume","body":"The compressed verb combines δῆμος, “the people,” with the idea of consuming or using up. Hector urges private stores to be distributed among the Trojans rather than captured by the Achaeans."}],"words":[{"surface":"συλλέξας","lemma":"συλλέγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δότω","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"λαοῖσι","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δότω","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"δότω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him give it"},{"surface":"καταδημοβορῆσαι","lemma":"καταδημοβορέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δότω","gloss":"for common use"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b18-l302","source":"τῶν τινὰ βέλτερόν ἐστιν ἐπαυρέμεν ἤ περ Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"It is better that one of them enjoy the goods than the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τινὰ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"τινὰ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπαυρέμεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"βέλτερόν","lemma":"βέλτερος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐπαυρέμεν","lemma":"ἐπαυρέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"to enjoy"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b18-l303","source":"πρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες","translation":"And early at dawn, arrayed in our armor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶϊ","lemma":"πρωί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"early"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπηοῖοι","lemma":"ὑπηοῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"before dawn"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"θωρηχθέντες","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"armed"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b18-l304","source":"νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα.","translation":"let us rouse sharp battle beside the hollow ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσιν","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐγείρομεν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us wake"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b18-l305","source":"εἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν παρὰ ναῦφιν ἀνέστη δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"If godlike Achilles has truly risen again beside the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτεὸν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ναῦφιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"for the ships"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέστη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b18-l306","source":"ἄλγιον αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι τῷ ἔσσεται· οὔ μιν ἔγωγε","translation":"so much the worse for him, if he chooses. I will not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλγιον","lemma":"ἀλγίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φεύξομαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φεύξομαι","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b18-l307","source":"φεύξομαι ἐκ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἄντην","translation":"flee him out of harsh-sounding war, but face to face","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύξομαι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δυσηχέος","lemma":"δυσηχής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"dread-echoing"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στήσομαι","gloss":"face to face"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b18-l308","source":"στήσομαι, ἤ κε φέρῃσι μέγα κράτος, ἦ κε φεροίμην.","translation":"I will stand, and either he will carry off great victory, or I shall be carried off.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήσομαι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φέρῃσι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦ","gloss":"bear"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρῃσι","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φεροίμην","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦ","gloss":"I would"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b18-l309","source":"ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος, καί τε κτανέοντα κατέκτα.","translation":"Enyalius is shared by all, and he too kills the slayer.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξυνὸς","lemma":"ξυνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"shared by all"},{"surface":"Ἐνυάλιος","lemma":"Ἐνυάλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Enyalius"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτανέοντα","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"future active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of κατέκτα","gloss":"the slayer"},{"surface":"κατέκτα","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kills"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b18-l310","source":"ὣς Ἕκτωρ ἀγόρευʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ Τρῶες κελάδησαν","translation":"So Hector spoke, and the Trojans shouted aloud.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρεὐ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγόρεὐ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευ","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κελάδησαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"κελάδησαν","lemma":"κελαδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b18-l311","source":"νήπιοι· ἐκ γάρ σφεων φρένας εἵλετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.","translation":"Fools: Pallas Athena had taken away their wits.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νήπιοι","title":"The narrator's judgment","body":"νήπιοι is the narrator's blunt verdict, “fools,” not a description spoken by either counselor. Athena's action in the rest of the line explains why the Trojans acclaim the worse plan."}],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιοι","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fools"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφεων","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἵλετο","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b18-l312","source":"Ἕκτορι μὲν γὰρ ἐπῄνησαν κακὰ μητιόωντι,","translation":"They praised Hector as he devised their ruin,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπῄνησαν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπῄνησαν","lemma":"ἐπαινέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"praised"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μητιόωντι","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"μητιόωντι","lemma":"μητιάω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"are planning"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b18-l313","source":"Πουλυδάμαντι δʼ ἄρʼ οὔ τις ὃς ἐσθλὴν φράζετο βουλήν.","translation":"but no one praised Polydamas, who had framed sound counsel.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πουλυδάμαντι","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φράζετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὴν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλήν","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"φράζετο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πουλυδάμαντι","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"βουλήν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φράζετο","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b18-l314","source":"δόρπον ἔπειθʼ εἵλοντο κατὰ στρατόν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Then they took supper throughout the host; meanwhile the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλοντο","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵλοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἵλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στρατόν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀνεστενάχοντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b18-l315","source":"παννύχιοι Πάτροκλον ἀνεστενάχοντο γοῶντες.","translation":"all night mourned Patroclus with groans and lamentation.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παννύχιοι","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνεστενάχοντο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἀνεστενάχοντο","lemma":"ἀναστενάχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mourned"},{"surface":"γοῶντες","lemma":"γοάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεστενάχοντο","gloss":"wailing"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b18-l316","source":"τοῖσι δὲ Πηλεΐδης ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο","translation":"The son of Peleus led them in the piercing dirge,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"ἁδινοῦ","lemma":"ἁδινός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόοιο","gloss":"piercing"},{"surface":"ἐξῆρχε","lemma":"ἐξάρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"dirge"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b18-l317","source":"χεῖρας ἐπʼ ἀνδροφόνους θέμενος στήθεσσιν ἑταίρου","translation":"laying his man-slaying hands upon his companion's chest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l317.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χεῖρας ἐπʼ ἀνδροφόνους","title":"Man-slaying hands","body":"The epithet ἀνδροφόνους belongs to Achilles' hands even as they rest on Patroclus' breast in grief. Homer keeps the mourner's lethal identity present within the lament."}],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of θέμενος","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνους","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"man-slaying"},{"surface":"θέμενος","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θέμενος","gloss":"his breast"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b18-l318","source":"πυκνὰ μάλα στενάχων ὥς τε λὶς ἠϋγένειος,","translation":"and groaning thick and fast, like a well-maned lion","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυκνὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχων","gloss":"thick brush"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"στενάχων","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λὶς","lemma":"λίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"ἠϋγένειος","lemma":"εὐγένειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λὶς","gloss":"well-maned"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b18-l319","source":"ᾧ ῥά θʼ ὑπὸ σκύμνους ἐλαφηβόλος ἁρπάσῃ ἀνὴρ","translation":"whose cubs a deer-hunting man has snatched away","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l319.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ᾧ ῥά θʼ ὑπὸ σκύμνους","title":"The lion's stolen cubs","body":"The dative relative pronoun ᾧ refers to the lion, while σκύμνους is the plural object taken from him. Achilles is the bereaved lion in the comparison, not the hunter."}],"words":[{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἁρπάσῃ","gloss":"for whom"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"σκύμνους","lemma":"σκύμνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἁρπάσῃ","gloss":"cubs"},{"surface":"ἐλαφηβόλος","lemma":"ἐλαφηβόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"deer-hunting"},{"surface":"ἁρπάσῃ","lemma":"ἁρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λὶς","gloss":"seize"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἁρπάσῃ","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b18-l320","source":"ὕλης ἐκ πυκινῆς· ὃ δέ τʼ ἄχνυται ὕστερος ἐλθών,","translation":"from a dense wood; coming later, the lion grieves,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕλης","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πυκινῆς","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλης","gloss":"dense"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄχνυται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχνυται","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"grieves"},{"surface":"ὕστερος","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄχνυται","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b18-l321","source":"πολλὰ δέ τʼ ἄγκεʼ ἐπῆλθε μετʼ ἀνέρος ἴχνιʼ ἐρευνῶν","translation":"and ranges through many glens, searching for the man's tracks","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄγκἐ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγκε","lemma":"ἄγκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπῆλθε","gloss":"glens"},{"surface":"ἐπῆλθε","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ranged through"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἴχνἰ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἴχνι","lemma":"ἴχνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"tracks"},{"surface":"ἐρευνῶν","lemma":"ἐρευνάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπῆλθε","gloss":"searching"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b18-l322","source":"εἴ ποθεν ἐξεύροι· μάλα γὰρ δριμὺς χόλος αἱρεῖ·","translation":"in hope of finding him, for bitter anger grips him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποθεν","lemma":"ποθεν","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐξεύροι","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἐξεύροι","lemma":"ἐξευρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"he might find"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δριμὺς","lemma":"δριμύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλος","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of αἱρεῖ","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"αἱρεῖ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γὰρ","gloss":"seizes"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b18-l323","source":"ὣς ὃ βαρὺ στενάχων μετεφώνεε Μυρμιδόνεσσιν·","translation":"So Achilles, groaning heavily, spoke among the Myrmidons:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στενάχων","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετεφώνεε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"βαρὺ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχων","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"στενάχων","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετεφώνεε","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"μετεφώνεε","lemma":"μεταφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσιν","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετεφώνεε","gloss":"Myrmidons"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b18-l324","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ ῥʼ ἅλιον ἔπος ἔκβαλον ἤματι κείνῳ","translation":"\"Ah me, the word I let fall that day was empty,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκβαλον","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔκβαλον","lemma":"ἐκβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled out"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔκβαλον","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"κείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that very"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b18-l325","source":"θαρσύνων ἥρωα Μενοίτιον ἐν μεγάροισι·","translation":"when I sought to reassure the hero Menoetius in his halls.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαρσύνων","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκβαλον","gloss":"kept encouraging"},{"surface":"ἥρωα","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενοίτιον","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Μενοίτιον","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θαρσύνων","gloss":"Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b18-l326","source":"φῆν δέ οἱ εἰς Ὀπόεντα περικλυτὸν υἱὸν ἀπάξειν","translation":"I said I would bring his glorious son back to Opus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάξειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Ὀπόεντα","lemma":"Ὀπόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Opus"},{"surface":"περικλυτὸν","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπάξειν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀπάξειν","lemma":"ἀπάγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φῆν","gloss":"carried back"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b18-l327","source":"Ἴλιον ἐκπέρσαντα, λαχόντα τε ληΐδος αἶσαν.","translation":"after he had sacked Ilion and received his share of spoil.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσαντα","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἐκπέρσαντα","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"having sacked"},{"surface":"λαχόντα","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ληΐδος","lemma":"ληίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies αἶσαν","gloss":"the spoil"},{"surface":"αἶσαν","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λαχόντα","gloss":"what is just"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b18-l328","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐ Ζεὺς ἄνδρεσσι νοήματα πάντα τελευτᾷ·","translation":"But Zeus does not fulfill all men's designs.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τελευτᾷ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τελευτᾷ","gloss":"to men"},{"surface":"νοήματα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τελευτᾷ","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νοήματα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τελευτᾷ","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come to pass"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b18-l329","source":"ἄμφω γὰρ πέπρωται ὁμοίην γαῖαν ἐρεῦσαι","translation":"For both of us are fated to redden the same earth","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l329.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄμφω γὰρ πέπρωται","title":"One fate for both","body":"ἄμφω is the dual “both,” joining Achilles and Patroclus. πέπρωται is a perfect form expressing an allotted fate that already stands fixed."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of πέπρωται","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πέπρωται","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is fated"},{"surface":"ὁμοίην","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρεῦσαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἐρεῦσαι","lemma":"ἐρεύθω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of πέπρωται","gloss":"to redden"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b18-l330","source":"αὐτοῦ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ νοστήσαντα","translation":"here in Troy, since I will never return home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρεῦσαι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέξεται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"νοστήσαντα","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b18-l331","source":"δέξεται ἐν μεγάροισι γέρων ἱππηλάτα Πηλεὺς","translation":"nor will old Peleus the horseman receive me in his halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δέξεται","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεὺς","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἱππηλάτα","lemma":"ἱππηλάτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεὺς","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Πηλεὺς","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δέξεται","gloss":"Peleus"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b18-l332","source":"οὐδὲ Θέτις μήτηρ, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ γαῖα καθέξει.","translation":"nor will my mother Thetis; here the earth will hold me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθέξει","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καθέξει","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"καθέξει","lemma":"κατέχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"will hold back"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b18-l333","source":"νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν Πάτροκλε σεῦ ὕστερος εἶμʼ ὑπὸ γαῖαν,","translation":"But now, Patroclus, since I shall go beneath the earth after you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτεριῶ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλε","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὕστερος","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὕστερος","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"εἶμ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I am going"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b18-l334","source":"οὔ σε πρὶν κτεριῶ πρίν γʼ Ἕκτορος ἐνθάδʼ ἐνεῖκαι","translation":"I will not bury you before I bring here Hector's","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτεριῶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτεριῶ","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"κτεριῶ","lemma":"κτερίζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will bury"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐνεῖκαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐνεῖκαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"bear"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b18-l335","source":"τεύχεα καὶ κεφαλὴν μεγαθύμου σοῖο φονῆος·","translation":"armor and the head of your great-hearted killer.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"σοῖο","lemma":"σός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φονῆος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"φονῆος","lemma":"φονεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"from the killer"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b18-l336","source":"δώδεκα δὲ προπάροιθε πυρῆς ἀποδειροτομήσω","translation":"Before your pyre I shall cut the throats of twelve glorious Trojan youths,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l336.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀποδειροτομήσω","title":"A brutal funeral vow","body":"The future verb means to cut through the neck or throat. Achilles vows a prospective killing before Patroclus' pyre; the youths are not killed in this scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πυρῆς","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"of the pyre"},{"surface":"ἀποδειροτομήσω","lemma":"ἀποδειροτομέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall cut throats"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b18-l337","source":"Τρώων ἀγλαὰ τέκνα σέθεν κταμένοιο χολωθείς.","translation":"in wrath at your death.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποδειροτομήσω","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χολωθείς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κταμένοιο","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies σέθεν","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"χολωθείς","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποδειροτομήσω","gloss":"enraged"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b18-l338","source":"τόφρα δέ μοι παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσι κείσεαι αὔτως,","translation":"Until then you shall lie as you are beside the curved ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κείσεαι","gloss":"until then"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κείσεαι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κορωνίσι","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"κείσεαι","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κείσεαι","gloss":"just so"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b18-l339","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ σὲ Τρῳαὶ καὶ Δαρδανίδες βαθύκολποι","translation":"and deep-bosomed Trojan and Dardanian women around you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Τρῳαὶ","lemma":"Τρωιός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojan women"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίδες","lemma":"Δαρδανίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Dardanian women"},{"surface":"βαθύκολποι","lemma":"βαθύκολπος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Δαρδανίδες","gloss":"deep-bosomed"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b18-l340","source":"κλαύσονται νύκτάς τε καὶ ἤματα δάκρυ χέουσαι,","translation":"will weep through nights and days, shedding tears,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαύσονται","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"νύκτάς","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέουσαι","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέουσαι","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to κλαύσονται","gloss":"poured"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b18-l341","source":"τὰς αὐτοὶ καμόμεσθα βίηφί τε δουρί τε μακρῷ","translation":"women we ourselves won by toil, through force and the long spear","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of καμόμεσθα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"καμόμεσθα","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"we won by toil"},{"surface":"βίηφί","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μακρῷ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρί","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b18-l342","source":"πιείρας πέρθοντε πόλεις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων.","translation":"when we sacked the rich cities of mortal men.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πιείρας","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεις","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"πέρθοντε","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to καμόμεσθα","gloss":"sacking"},{"surface":"πόλεις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πέρθοντε","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"μερόπων","lemma":"μέροψ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of mortal-speaking"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλεις","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b18-l343","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"So godlike Achilles spoke and ordered his companions","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b18-l344","source":"ἀμφὶ πυρὶ στῆσαι τρίποδα μέγαν, ὄφρα τάχιστα","translation":"to set a great tripod over the fire, so that with all speed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of στῆσαι","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"στῆσαι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"to set"},{"surface":"τρίποδα","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of στῆσαι","gloss":"tripod"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to λούσειαν","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b18-l345","source":"Πάτροκλον λούσειαν ἄπο βρότον αἱματόεντα.","translation":"they might wash the blood-clotted gore from Patroclus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l345.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βρότον αἱματόεντα","title":"Blood-clotted gore","body":"Here βρότος, distinguished by its accent and context, means gore rather than βροτός, “mortal.” The inherited phrase names the blood caked upon Patroclus' body before burial preparation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λούσειαν","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"λούσειαν","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"having bathed"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"βρότον","lemma":"βρότος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λούσειαν","gloss":"gore"},{"surface":"αἱματόεντα","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βρότον","gloss":"bloody"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b18-l346","source":"οἳ δὲ λοετροχόον τρίποδʼ ἵστασαν ἐν πυρὶ κηλέῳ,","translation":"They set the bathing tripod in the blazing fire,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵστασαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λοετροχόον","lemma":"λουτροχόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδ̓","gloss":"bathing"},{"surface":"τρίποδ","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵστασαν","gloss":"tripod"},{"surface":"ἵστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had planted"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"κηλέῳ","lemma":"κήλεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὶ","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b18-l347","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄρʼ ὕδωρ ἔχεαν, ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα δαῖον ἑλόντες.","translation":"poured water into it, and kindled wood beneath.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχεαν","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ἔχεαν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξύλα","lemma":"ξύλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δαῖον","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"δαῖον","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δαῖον","gloss":"having taken"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b18-l348","source":"γάστρην μὲν τρίποδος πῦρ ἄμφεπε, θέρμετο δʼ ὕδωρ·","translation":"The fire enfolded the tripod's belly, and the water grew hot.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γάστρην","lemma":"γάστρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄμφεπε","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τρίποδος","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γάστρην","gloss":"a tripod"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἄμφεπε","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἄμφεπε","lemma":"ἀμφιέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"engulfed"},{"surface":"θέρμετο","lemma":"θέρμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew hot"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of θέρμετο","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b18-l349","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ ζέσσεν ὕδωρ ἐνὶ ἤνοπι χαλκῷ,","translation":"When the water boiled in the gleaming bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ζέσσεν","lemma":"ζέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"boiled"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ζέσσεν","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἤνοπι","lemma":"ἦνοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b18-l350","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ λοῦσάν τε καὶ ἤλειψαν λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ,","translation":"then they washed him and richly anointed him with oil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"λοῦσάν","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"having bathed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤλειψαν","lemma":"ἀλείφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"anointed herself"},{"surface":"λίπ","lemma":"λίπα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλειψαν","gloss":"richly"},{"surface":"ἐλαίῳ","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤλειψαν","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b18-l351","source":"ἐν δʼ ὠτειλὰς πλῆσαν ἀλείφατος ἐννεώροιο·","translation":"and filled his wounds with ointment nine years old.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠτειλὰς","lemma":"ὠτειλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πλῆσαν","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"πλῆσαν","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"ἀλείφατος","lemma":"ἄλειφαρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πλῆσαν","gloss":"ointment"},{"surface":"ἐννεώροιο","lemma":"ἐννέωρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀλείφατος","gloss":"nine years old"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b18-l352","source":"ἐν λεχέεσσι δὲ θέντες ἑανῷ λιτὶ κάλυψαν","translation":"They laid him on a bed and covered him with soft linen","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λεχέεσσι","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέντες","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κάλυψαν","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἑανῷ","lemma":"ἑανός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λιτὶ","gloss":"in mantle"},{"surface":"λιτὶ","lemma":"λίς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάλυψαν","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"κάλυψαν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cover"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b18-l353","source":"ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, καθύπερθε δὲ φάρεϊ λευκῷ.","translation":"from head to foot, and over it spread a white mantle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"καθύπερθε","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φάρεϊ","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"λευκῷ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρεϊ","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b18-l354","source":"παννύχιοι μὲν ἔπειτα πόδας ταχὺν ἀμφʼ Ἀχιλῆα","translation":"Then all night around swift-footed Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παννύχιοι","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνεστενάχοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταχὺν","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ταχὺν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b18-l355","source":"Μυρμιδόνες Πάτροκλον ἀνεστενάχοντο γοῶντες·","translation":"the Myrmidons mourned Patroclus with groans and lamentation.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνες","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνεστενάχοντο","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνεστενάχοντο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἀνεστενάχοντο","lemma":"ἀναστενάχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mourned"},{"surface":"γοῶντες","lemma":"γοάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεστενάχοντο","gloss":"wailing"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b18-l356","source":"Ζεὺς δʼ Ἥρην προσέειπε κασιγνήτην ἄλοχόν τε·","translation":"Then Zeus addressed Hera, his sister and his wife:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἥρην","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτην","lemma":"κασιγνήτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"ἄλοχόν","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b18-l357","source":"ἔπρηξας καὶ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη","translation":"\"You have had your way now, ox-eyed queenly Hera,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l357.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη","title":"Ox-eyed queenly Hera","body":"The standing epithet joins βοῶπις, “ox-eyed,” with πότνια, “queenly” or “mistress.” Zeus names Hera directly as the agent who has brought Achilles back into action."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπρηξας","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have accomplished"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπρηξας","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b18-l358","source":"ἀνστήσασʼ Ἀχιλῆα πόδας ταχύν· ἦ ῥά νυ σεῖο","translation":"rousing swift-footed Achilles. Surely the long-haired Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνστήσασ","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔπρηξας","gloss":"rousing"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνστήσασ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταχύν","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ταχύν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b18-l359","source":"ἐξ αὐτῆς ἐγένοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"were sprung from you yourself.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντες","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b18-l360","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη·","translation":"Then ox-eyed queenly Hera answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b18-l361","source":"αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Most dread son of Cronos, what a word you have spoken!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰνότατε","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίδη","gloss":"most dread"},{"surface":"Κρονίδη","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ποῖον","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b18-l362","source":"καὶ μὲν δή πού τις μέλλει βροτὸς ἀνδρὶ τελέσσαι,","translation":"Even a mortal man will surely accomplish something for another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βροτὸς","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"μέλλει","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it must be"},{"surface":"βροτὸς","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μέλλει","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τελέσσαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"τελέσσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μέλλει","gloss":"to accomplish"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b18-l363","source":"ὅς περ θνητός τʼ ἐστὶ καὶ οὐ τόσα μήδεα οἶδε·","translation":"though he is mortal and knows far fewer counsels than we.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θνητός","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τόσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μήδεα","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"μήδεα","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἶδε","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"οἶδε","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b18-l364","source":"πῶς δὴ ἔγωγʼ, ἥ φημι θεάων ἔμμεν ἀρίστη,","translation":"How then should I, who claim to be foremost of goddesses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄφελον","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔγωγ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄφελον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of φημι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔγωγ̓","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀρίστη","gloss":"of the goddesses"},{"surface":"ἔμμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b18-l365","source":"ἀμφότερον γενεῇ τε καὶ οὕνεκα σὴ παράκοιτις","translation":"honored both by my birth and because I am called","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφότερον","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"γενεῇ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"by birth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"σὴ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παράκοιτις","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"παράκοιτις","lemma":"παράκοιτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b18-l366","source":"κέκλημαι, σὺ δὲ πᾶσι μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀνάσσεις,","translation":"your wife, and you rule over all the immortals,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλημαι","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"I am called"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάσσεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀθανάτοισιν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσεις","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"rule over"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b18-l367","source":"οὐκ ὄφελον Τρώεσσι κοτεσσαμένη κακὰ ῥάψαι;","translation":"not have contrived harm for the Trojans, when I was angry with them?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὄφελον","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I should have"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κοτεσσαμένη","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"κοτεσσαμένη","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὄφελον","gloss":"being angry"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥάψαι","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"ῥάψαι","lemma":"ῥάπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελον","gloss":"to contrive"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b18-l368","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον·","translation":"So they spoke such words to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were speaking"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b18-l369","source":"Ἡφαίστου δʼ ἵκανε δόμον Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα","translation":"Then silver-footed Thetis came to the house of Hephaestus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἡφαίστου","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"of Hephaestus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανε","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκανε","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζα","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"silver-footed"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b18-l370","source":"ἄφθιτον ἀστερόεντα μεταπρεπέʼ ἀθανάτοισι","translation":"imperishable, starry, preeminent among the immortals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l370.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄφθιτον","title":"Imperishable","body":"ἄφθιτος means unfailing or imperishable. The god's bronze house does not decay as mortal dwellings do."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄφθιτον","lemma":"ἄφθιτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"imperishable"},{"surface":"ἀστερόεντα","lemma":"ἀστερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"starry"},{"surface":"μεταπρεπέ","lemma":"μεταπρεπής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"preeminent"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μεταπρεπέ̓","gloss":"immortal"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b18-l371","source":"χάλκεον, ὅν ῥʼ αὐτὸς ποιήσατο κυλλοποδίων.","translation":"made of bronze, which the god of crooked feet had built himself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ποιήσατο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ποιήσατο","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δόμον","gloss":"had made"},{"surface":"κυλλοποδίων","lemma":"Κυλλοποδίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ποιήσατο","gloss":"Crook-foot"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b18-l372","source":"τὸν δʼ εὗρʼ ἱδρώοντα ἑλισσόμενον περὶ φύσας","translation":"She found him sweating, moving busily about his bellows,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὗῤ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὗρ","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she found"},{"surface":"ἱδρώοντα","lemma":"ἱδρόω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sweating"},{"surface":"ἑλισσόμενον","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wheeling"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"φύσας","lemma":"φῦσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"bellows"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b18-l373","source":"σπεύδοντα· τρίποδας γὰρ ἐείκοσι πάντας ἔτευχεν","translation":"hurrying; for he was fashioning twenty tripods in all","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπεύδοντα","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"τρίποδας","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτευχεν","gloss":"tripods"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐείκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τρίποδας","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔτευχεν","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b18-l374","source":"ἑστάμεναι περὶ τοῖχον ἐϋσταθέος μεγάροιο,","translation":"to stand around the wall of his well-built hall.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστάμεναι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτευχεν","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τοῖχον","lemma":"τοῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἐϋσταθέος","lemma":"εὐσταθής","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μεγάροιο","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τοῖχον","gloss":"hall"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b18-l375","source":"χρύσεα δέ σφʼ ὑπὸ κύκλα ἑκάστῳ πυθμένι θῆκεν,","translation":"He had set golden wheels beneath the base of each,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσεα","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύκλα","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to θῆκεν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"κύκλα","lemma":"κύκλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"wheels"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πυθμένι","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"πυθμένι","lemma":"πυθμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"bases"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b18-l376","source":"ὄφρά οἱ αὐτόματοι θεῖον δυσαίατʼ ἀγῶνα","translation":"so that, self-moving, they might enter the gods' assembly for him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l376.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αὐτόματοι","title":"Moving of themselves","body":"αὐτόματοι describes the tripods as moving of themselves. Their golden wheels carry them to the divine assembly and back without anyone drawing them."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"αὐτόματοι","lemma":"αὐτόματος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"of themselves"},{"surface":"θεῖον","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγῶνα","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"δυσαίατ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνα","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δυσαίατ̓","gloss":"gathering"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b18-l377","source":"ἠδʼ αὖτις πρὸς δῶμα νεοίατο θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι.","translation":"and return again to his house, a wonder to behold.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεοίατο","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"νεοίατο","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"θαῦμα","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a wonder"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"to behold"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b18-l378","source":"οἳ δʼ ἤτοι τόσσον μὲν ἔχον τέλος, οὔατα δʼ οὔ πω","translation":"They were finished to that point, but their ornate ears","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l378.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὔατα","title":"The tripods' ears","body":"οὔατα literally means ears, but here names projecting handles or attachments on the tripods. These decorative fittings are the only parts not yet fixed in place."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"οὔατα","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of προσέκειτο","gloss":"handles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to προσέκειτο","gloss":"yet"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b18-l379","source":"δαιδάλεα προσέκειτο· τά ῥʼ ἤρτυε, κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς.","translation":"were not yet fastened; he was fitting them and hammering the rivets.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιδάλεα","lemma":"δαιδάλεος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies οὔατα","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"προσέκειτο","lemma":"πρόσκειμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were attached"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἤρτυε","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤρτυε","lemma":"ἀρτύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was fitting"},{"surface":"κόπτε","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεσμούς","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κόπτε","gloss":"his tether"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b18-l380","source":"ὄφρʼ ὅ γε ταῦτʼ ἐπονεῖτο ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι,","translation":"While he labored at these with knowing skill,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπονεῖτο","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπονεῖτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπονεῖτο","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἐπονεῖτο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόφρά","gloss":"labored"},{"surface":"ἰδυίῃσι","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative plural feminine","role":"modifies πραπίδεσσι","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"πραπίδεσσι","lemma":"πραπίδες","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπονεῖτο","gloss":"beneath midriff"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b18-l381","source":"τόφρά οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα.","translation":"the goddess silver-footed Thetis drew near him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρά","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγύθεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζα","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"silver-footed"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b18-l382","source":"τὴν δὲ ἴδε προμολοῦσα Χάρις λιπαροκρήδεμνος","translation":"Charis of the shining veil came forward and saw her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"προμολοῦσα","lemma":"προβλώσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"coming forward"},{"surface":"Χάρις","lemma":"Χάρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἴδε","gloss":"of the Graces"},{"surface":"λιπαροκρήδεμνος","lemma":"λιπαροκρήδεμνος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Χάρις","gloss":"shining-veiled"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b18-l383","source":"καλή, τὴν ὤπυιε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις·","translation":"the beautiful wife of the renowned god, lame in both legs.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l383.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις","title":"Hephaestus' standing epithet","body":"περικλυτός praises Hephaestus as renowned, while ἀμφιγυήεις traditionally marks his lameness in both legs. The paired epithet joins his fame as a craftsman to the bodily difference the scene repeatedly makes visible."}],"words":[{"surface":"καλή","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Χάρις","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὤπυιε","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὤπυιε","lemma":"ὀπυίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Χάρις","gloss":"had married"},{"surface":"περικλυτὸς","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιγυήεις","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγυήεις","lemma":"ἀμφιγύεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὤπυιε","gloss":"lame in both legs"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b18-l384","source":"ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"She took her hand, and spoke to her, and called her by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φῦ","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"φῦ","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasped"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b18-l385","source":"τίπτε Θέτι τανύπεπλε ἱκάνεις ἡμέτερον δῶ","translation":"\"Why, long-robed Thetis, have you come to our house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l385.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Θέτι τανύπεπλε","title":"Thetis in direct address","body":"Θέτι and τανύπεπλε are vocative forms: Charis addresses Thetis directly as long-robed. The same two-line welcome returns when Hephaestus greets her."}],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"Θέτι","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"τανύπεπλε","lemma":"τανύπεπλος","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτι","gloss":"long-robed"},{"surface":"ἱκάνεις","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you come"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκάνεις","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b18-l386","source":"αἰδοίη τε φίλη τε; πάρος γε μὲν οὔ τι θαμίζεις.","translation":"honored and dear? You have not often come before.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"respected"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θαμίζεις","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to θαμίζεις","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θαμίζεις","lemma":"θαμίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you visit"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b18-l387","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕπεο προτέρω, ἵνα τοι πὰρ ξείνια θείω.","translation":"But come farther in, so I may set guest-fare before you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕπεο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἕπεο","gloss":"further forward"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of θείω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ξείνια","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of θείω","gloss":"guest-fare"},{"surface":"θείω","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b18-l388","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πρόσω ἄγε δῖα θεάων.","translation":"So speaking, the shining one among goddesses led her forward.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασα","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἄγε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"πρόσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἄγε","gloss":"radiant"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of the goddesses"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b18-l389","source":"τὴν μὲν ἔπειτα καθεῖσεν ἐπὶ θρόνου ἀργυροήλου","translation":"Then she seated her on a silver-studded throne,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of καθεῖσεν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθεῖσεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καθεῖσεν","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"θρόνου","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"ἀργυροήλου","lemma":"ἀργυρόηλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνου","gloss":"silver-studded"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b18-l390","source":"καλοῦ δαιδαλέου· ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυς ποσὶν ἦεν·","translation":"beautiful and cunningly wrought, with a footstool beneath her feet.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλοῦ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνου","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"δαιδαλέου","lemma":"δαιδάλεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνου","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρῆνυς","lemma":"θρῆνυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"footstool"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦεν","gloss":"his feet"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b18-l391","source":"κέκλετο δʼ Ἥφαιστον κλυτοτέχνην εἶπέ τε μῦθον·","translation":"She called to Hephaestus, the famed craftsman, and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστον","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κέκλετο","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"κλυτοτέχνην","lemma":"κλυτοτέχνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστον","gloss":"famed craftsman"},{"surface":"εἶπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπέ","gloss":"speech"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b18-l392","source":"Ἥφαιστε πρόμολʼ ὧδε· Θέτις νύ τι σεῖο χατίζει.","translation":"\"Hephaestus, come here; Thetis has some need of you.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστε","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"πρόμολ","lemma":"προβλώσκω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come here"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πρόμολ̓","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of χατίζει","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χατίζει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χατίζει","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χατίζει","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"χατίζει","lemma":"χατίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has need"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b18-l393","source":"τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις·","translation":"Then the renowned god, lame in both legs, answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"περικλυτὸς","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιγυήεις","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγυήεις","lemma":"ἀμφιγύεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"lame in both legs"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b18-l394","source":"ἦ ῥά νύ μοι δεινή τε καὶ αἰδοίη θεὸς ἔνδον,","translation":"\"Now truly a dread and honored goddess is within,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δεινή","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"respected"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b18-l395","source":"ἥ μʼ ἐσάωσʼ ὅτε μʼ ἄλγος ἀφίκετο τῆλε πεσόντα","translation":"she who saved me when pain came upon me after I fell far away","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσάωσ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐσάωσ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐσάωσ","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεὸς","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφίκετο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφίκετο","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἄλγος","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀφίκετο","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἀφίκετο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐσάωσ̓","gloss":"came upon me"},{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεσόντα","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"πεσόντα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fallen"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b18-l396","source":"μητρὸς ἐμῆς ἰότητι κυνώπιδος, ἥ μʼ ἐθέλησε","translation":"through the will of my dog-faced mother, who wished","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μητρὸς","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἰότητι","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἰότητι","lemma":"ἰότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πεσόντα","gloss":"by will"},{"surface":"κυνώπιδος","lemma":"κυνώπης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μητρὸς","gloss":"dog-faced"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλησε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κρύψαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐθέλησε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μητρὸς","gloss":"wish"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b18-l397","source":"κρύψαι χωλὸν ἐόντα· τότʼ ἂν πάθον ἄλγεα θυμῷ,","translation":"to hide me because I was lame. Then I would have suffered anguish","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρύψαι","lemma":"κρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλησε","gloss":"hid"},{"surface":"χωλὸν","lemma":"χωλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lame"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάθον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πάθον","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I suffered"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάθον","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πάθον","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b18-l398","source":"εἰ μή μʼ Εὐρυνόμη τε Θέτις θʼ ὑπεδέξατο κόλπῳ","translation":"if Eurynome and Thetis had not received me in their laps—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπεδέξατο","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Εὐρυνόμη","lemma":"Εὐρυνόμη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurynome"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπεδέξατο","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"received him"},{"surface":"κόλπῳ","lemma":"κόλπος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπεδέξατο","gloss":"in their laps"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b18-l399","source":"Εὐρυνόμη θυγάτηρ ἀψορρόου Ὠκεανοῖο.","translation":"Eurynome, daughter of backward-flowing Oceanus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l399.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀψορρόου Ὠκεανοῖο","title":"Backward-flowing Oceanus","body":"ἀψόρροος describes Oceanus as flowing back upon himself. Homer imagines the world-encircling river as a current that completes its circuit."}],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρυνόμη","lemma":"Εὐρυνόμη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurynome"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"ἀψορρόου","lemma":"ἀψόρροος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὠκεανοῖο","gloss":"backward-flowing"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"Ocean"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b18-l400","source":"τῇσι παρʼ εἰνάετες χάλκευον δαίδαλα πολλά,","translation":"Beside them for nine years I forged many cunning works,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l400.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εἰνάετες","title":"For nine years","body":"εἰνάετες is an adverbial epic form meaning for nine years. The long hidden apprenticeship explains both Hephaestus' debt to the goddesses and the abundance of his craft."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"beside them"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"εἰνάετες","lemma":"εἰναετής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to χάλκευον","gloss":"for nine years"},{"surface":"χάλκευον","lemma":"χαλκεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I forged"},{"surface":"δαίδαλα","lemma":"δαίδαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"cunning works"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δαίδαλα","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b18-l401","source":"πόρπας τε γναμπτάς θʼ ἕλικας κάλυκάς τε καὶ ὅρμους","translation":"brooches, twisted spirals, cups, and necklaces,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l401.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόρπας τε γναμπτάς θʼ ἕλικας κάλυκάς τε καὶ ὅρμους","title":"A jeweler's catalogue","body":"The line lists four kinds of fine metalwork: brooches, coiled ornaments, cup-shaped pieces, and necklaces. Hephaestus practiced intricate decorative craft as well as the large-scale smithwork for which he is famous."}],"words":[{"surface":"πόρπας","lemma":"πόρπη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"brooches"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γναμπτάς","lemma":"γναμπτός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἕλικας","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλικας","lemma":"ἕλιξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirals"},{"surface":"κάλυκάς","lemma":"κάλυξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cups"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅρμους","lemma":"ὅρμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"necklaces"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b18-l402","source":"ἐν σπῆϊ γλαφυρῷ· περὶ δὲ ῥόος Ὠκεανοῖο","translation":"inside the hollow cave; all around, the stream of Oceanus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπῆϊ","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῷ","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπῆϊ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥόος","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ῥέεν","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥόος","gloss":"Ocean"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b18-l403","source":"ἀφρῷ μορμύρων ῥέεν ἄσπετος· οὐδέ τις ἄλλος","translation":"ran with immeasurable roar and foam. No one else","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφρῷ","lemma":"ἀφρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μορμύρων","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"μορμύρων","lemma":"μορμύρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥέεν","gloss":"roaring"},{"surface":"ῥέεν","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flowed"},{"surface":"ἄσπετος","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ῥόος","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔδεεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b18-l404","source":"ᾔδεεν οὔτε θεῶν οὔτε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων,","translation":"knew of it, neither any god nor any mortal man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾔδεεν","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew","note":"Epic pluperfect of εἴδω/οἶδα with imperfect force: 'knew.'"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"θνητῶν","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b18-l405","source":"ἀλλὰ Θέτις τε καὶ Εὐρυνόμη ἴσαν, αἵ μʼ ἐσάωσαν.","translation":"but Thetis and Eurynome knew, for they had saved me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐρυνόμη","lemma":"Εὐρυνόμη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Eurynome"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσάωσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐσάωσαν","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐσάωσαν","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"save"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b18-l406","source":"ἣ νῦν ἡμέτερον δόμον ἵκει· τώ με μάλα χρεὼ","translation":"Now she has come to our house, and therefore I am deeply bound","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκει","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκει","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἵκει","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τίνειν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"χρεὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"need"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b18-l407","source":"πάντα Θέτι καλλιπλοκάμῳ ζῳάγρια τίνειν.","translation":"to repay fair-haired Thetis the full price of my life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ζῳάγρια","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Θέτι","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τίνειν","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"καλλιπλοκάμῳ","lemma":"καλλιπλόκαμος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτι","gloss":"fair-tressed"},{"surface":"ζῳάγρια","lemma":"ζωάγρια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τίνειν","gloss":"life-price"},{"surface":"τίνειν","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies χρεὼ","gloss":"to pay"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b18-l408","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν οἱ παράθες ξεινήϊα καλά,","translation":"But now set good guest-fare before her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of παράθες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παράθες","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of παράθες","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"παράθες","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set before"},{"surface":"ξεινήϊα","lemma":"ξεινήιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of παράθες","gloss":"guest-gifts"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξεινήϊα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b18-l409","source":"ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼ φύσας ἀποθείομαι ὅπλά τε πάντα.","translation":"while I put away the bellows and all my tools.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἀποθείομαι","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποθείομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"φύσας","lemma":"φῦσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"bellows"},{"surface":"ἀποθείομαι","lemma":"ἀποτίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to παράθες","gloss":"to lay down"},{"surface":"ὅπλά","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅπλά","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b18-l410","source":"ἦ, καὶ ἀπʼ ἀκμοθέτοιο πέλωρ αἴητον ἀνέστη","translation":"He spoke, and the huge, panting god rose from the anvil-block,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l410.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πέλωρ αἴητον","title":"A panting giant","body":"πέλωρ presents Hephaestus as a huge, wondrous being, while αἴητον catches his heavy breath after labor at the forge. The description makes his bodily effort as vivid as his divine power."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀκμοθέτοιο","lemma":"ἀκμόθετον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"anvil-block"},{"surface":"πέλωρ","lemma":"πέλωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"monstrous god"},{"surface":"αἴητον","lemma":"αἴητος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέλωρ","gloss":"panting"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b18-l411","source":"χωλεύων· ὑπὸ δὲ κνῆμαι ῥώοντο ἀραιαί.","translation":"limping, while his thin legs moved swiftly beneath him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωλεύων","lemma":"χωλεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"limping"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥώοντο","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κνῆμαι","lemma":"κνήμη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ῥώοντο","gloss":"shins"},{"surface":"ῥώοντο","lemma":"ῥώομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed forward"},{"surface":"ἀραιαί","lemma":"ἀραιός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κνῆμαι","gloss":"thin"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b18-l412","source":"φύσας μέν ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε τίθει πυρός, ὅπλά τε πάντα","translation":"He set the bellows away from the fire and gathered every tool","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φύσας","lemma":"φῦσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"bellows"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"πυρός","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"of fire"},{"surface":"ὅπλά","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of συλλέξατο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅπλά","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b18-l413","source":"λάρνακʼ ἐς ἀργυρέην συλλέξατο, τοῖς ἐπονεῖτο·","translation":"with which he worked into a silver chest.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάρνακ","lemma":"λάρναξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέην","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λάρνακ̓","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"συλλέξατο","lemma":"συλλέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he gathered"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπονεῖτο","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἐπονεῖτο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅπλά","gloss":"labored"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b18-l414","source":"σπόγγῳ δʼ ἀμφὶ πρόσωπα καὶ ἄμφω χεῖρʼ ἀπομόργνυ","translation":"With a sponge he wiped all around his face and both hands,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπόγγῳ","lemma":"σπόγγος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπομόργνυ","gloss":"with a sponge"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπομόργνυ","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πρόσωπα","lemma":"πρόσωπον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖῤ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"ἀπομόργνυ","lemma":"ἀπομόργνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he wiped away"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b18-l415","source":"αὐχένα τε στιβαρὸν καὶ στήθεα λαχνήεντα,","translation":"his sturdy neck, and his shaggy chest.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the neck"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στιβαρὸν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αὐχένα","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήθεα","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"λαχνήεντα","lemma":"λαχνήεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies στήθεα","gloss":"shaggy"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b18-l416","source":"δῦ δὲ χιτῶνʼ, ἕλε δὲ σκῆπτρον παχύ, βῆ δὲ θύραζε","translation":"He put on a tunic, took up a thick staff, and went to the door,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῦ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶν","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῦ","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"παχύ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σκῆπτρον","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"out"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b18-l417","source":"χωλεύων· ὑπὸ δʼ ἀμφίπολοι ῥώοντο ἄνακτι","translation":"limping; beneath their lord, attendants moved swiftly to support him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωλεύων","lemma":"χωλεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"limping"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφίπολοι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of ῥώοντο","gloss":"attendants"},{"surface":"ῥώοντο","lemma":"ῥώομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed forward"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b18-l418","source":"χρύσειαι ζωῇσι νεήνισιν εἰοικυῖαι.","translation":"golden, yet like living young women.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσειαι","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφίπολοι","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ζωῇσι","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεήνισιν","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"νεήνισιν","lemma":"νεᾶνις","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰοικυῖαι","gloss":"young women"},{"surface":"εἰοικυῖαι","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifies ἀμφίπολοι","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b18-l419","source":"τῇς ἐν μὲν νόος ἐστὶ μετὰ φρεσίν, ἐν δὲ καὶ αὐδὴ","translation":"Within their breasts are understanding and a voice,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐστὶ","gloss":"in them"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐδὴ","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b18-l420","source":"καὶ σθένος, ἀθανάτων δὲ θεῶν ἄπο ἔργα ἴσασιν.","translation":"and strength, and from the immortal gods they know their crafts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄπο","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἴσασιν","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ἴσασιν","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they know"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b18-l421","source":"αἳ μὲν ὕπαιθα ἄνακτος ἐποίπνυον· αὐτὰρ ὃ ἔρρων","translation":"They hurried beneath their lord; but he moved laboriously","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐποίπνυον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὕπαιθα","lemma":"ὕπαιθα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beneath"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπαιθα","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἐποίπνυον","lemma":"ποιπνύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ranging swiftly"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἷζε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἔρρων","lemma":"ἔρρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷζε","gloss":"when departing"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b18-l422","source":"πλησίον, ἔνθα Θέτις περ, ἐπὶ θρόνου ἷζε φαεινοῦ,","translation":"near Thetis and sat down on a shining throne beside her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλησίον","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔρρων","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"θρόνου","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"ἷζε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"φαεινοῦ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνου","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b18-l423","source":"ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"He took her hand, and spoke to her, and called her by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φῦ","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"φῦ","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasped"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b18-l424","source":"τίπτε Θέτι τανύπεπλε ἱκάνεις ἡμέτερον δῶ","translation":"\"Why, long-robed Thetis, have you come to our house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"Θέτι","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"τανύπεπλε","lemma":"τανύπεπλος","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτι","gloss":"long-robed"},{"surface":"ἱκάνεις","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you come"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκάνεις","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b18-l425","source":"αἰδοίη τε φίλη τε; πάρος γε μὲν οὔ τι θαμίζεις.","translation":"honored and dear? You have not often come before.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θαμίζεις","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to θαμίζεις","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θαμίζεις","lemma":"θαμίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"visit often"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b18-l426","source":"αὔδα ὅ τι φρονέεις· τελέσαι δέ με θυμὸς ἄνωγεν,","translation":"Say what you have in mind; my heart urges me to fulfill it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of φρονέεις","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"φρονέεις","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of αὔδα","gloss":"ponder"},{"surface":"τελέσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"bring to pass"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἄνωγεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urges"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b18-l427","source":"εἰ δύναμαι τελέσαι γε καὶ εἰ τετελεσμένον ἐστίν.","translation":"if I can fulfill it, and if it can be done.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"τελέσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"bring to pass"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"accomplished"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b18-l428","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Θέτις κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα·","translation":"Then Thetis, shedding tears, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέουσα","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέουσα","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b18-l429","source":"Ἥφαιστʼ, ἦ ἄρα δή τις, ὅσαι θεαί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ,","translation":"\"Hephaestus, is there any goddess among all who dwell on Olympus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l429.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἦ ἄρα δή τις","title":"A question expecting no rival","body":"The interrogative τις asks whether there is any goddess who has suffered as Thetis has. The question is rhetorical: its following comparison presents her grief as unequalled."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστ","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέσχετο","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ὅσαι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεαί","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"θεαί","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσ̓","gloss":"goddesses"},{"surface":"εἰσ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τις","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπῳ","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b18-l430","source":"τοσσάδʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀνέσχετο κήδεα λυγρὰ","translation":"who has endured in her own heart so many bitter cares","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοσσάδ","lemma":"τοσόσδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"ἀνέσχετο","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endured"},{"surface":"κήδεα","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέσχετο","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"λυγρὰ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b18-l431","source":"ὅσσʼ ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκεν;","translation":"as Zeus, son of Cronos, has given me out of them all?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγἐ","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πασέων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τοσσάδ̓","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b18-l432","source":"ἐκ μέν μʼ ἀλλάων ἁλιάων ἀνδρὶ δάμασσεν","translation":"Me alone among all the sea-goddesses he subdued to a man,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δάμασσεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀλλάων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλιάων","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἁλιάων","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"sea-goddesses"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"δάμασσεν","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"subdued"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b18-l433","source":"Αἰακίδῃ Πηλῆϊ, καὶ ἔτλην ἀνέρος εὐνὴν","translation":"Peleus, son of Aeacus, and I endured a mortal's bed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰακίδῃ","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλῆϊ","gloss":"son of Aeacus"},{"surface":"Πηλῆϊ","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτλην","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endured"},{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies εὐνὴν","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"εὐνὴν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔτλην","gloss":"bed"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b18-l434","source":"πολλὰ μάλʼ οὐκ ἐθέλουσα. ὃ μὲν δὴ γήραϊ λυγρῷ","translation":"much against my will. He now, worn down by bitter age,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔτλην","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γήραϊ","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρημένος","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"λυγρῷ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γήραϊ","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b18-l435","source":"κεῖται ἐνὶ μεγάροις ἀρημένος, ἄλλα δέ μοι νῦν·","translation":"lies helpless in his halls. But other griefs are mine now:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἀρημένος","lemma":"ἀράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"afflicted"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b18-l436","source":"υἱὸν ἐπεί μοι δῶκε γενέσθαί τε τραφέμεν τε","translation":"for after Zeus gave me a son to bear and rear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"γενέσθαί","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to be born"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τραφέμεν","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"rear"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b18-l437","source":"ἔξοχον ἡρώων· ὃ δʼ ἀνέδραμεν ἔρνεϊ ἶσος·","translation":"foremost of heroes; and he shot up like a sapling.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔξοχον","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"ἡρώων","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχον","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέδραμεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέδραμεν","lemma":"ἀνατρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"ἔρνεϊ","lemma":"ἔρνος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἶσος","gloss":"sapling"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b18-l438","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ θρέψασα φυτὸν ὣς γουνῷ ἀλωῆς","translation":"I raised him like a tree on the slope of an orchard,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιπροέηκα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιπροέηκα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"θρέψασα","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπιπροέηκα","gloss":"having raised"},{"surface":"φυτὸν","lemma":"φυτόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"plant"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"γουνῷ","lemma":"γουνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"slope"},{"surface":"ἀλωῆς","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γουνῷ","gloss":"orchard"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b18-l439","source":"νηυσὶν ἐπιπροέηκα κορωνίσιν Ἴλιον εἴσω","translation":"and sent him in the beaked ships toward Ilium,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιπροέηκα","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπιπροέηκα","lemma":"ἐπιπροίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent forth"},{"surface":"κορωνίσιν","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"beaked"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b18-l440","source":"Τρωσὶ μαχησόμενον· τὸν δʼ οὐχ ὑποδέξομαι αὖτις","translation":"to fight the Trojans; but I shall never welcome him again","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαχησόμενον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μαχησόμενον","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑποδέξομαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὑποδέξομαι","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will welcome"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποδέξομαι","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b18-l441","source":"οἴκαδε νοστήσαντα δόμον Πηλήϊον εἴσω.","translation":"home to the house of Peleus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"νοστήσαντα","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Πηλήϊον","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"Peleian"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b18-l442","source":"ὄφρα δέ μοι ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο","translation":"While he lives and sees the light of the sun,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ζώει","lemma":"ζῶ","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρᾷ","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρᾷ","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"sun"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b18-l443","source":"ἄχνυται, οὐδέ τί οἱ δύναμαι χραισμῆσαι ἰοῦσα.","translation":"he grieves, and I can bring him no help when I go.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄχνυται","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grieves"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δύναμαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χραισμῆσαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"χραισμῆσαι","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"bring help"},{"surface":"ἰοῦσα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to δύναμαι","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b18-l444","source":"κούρην ἣν ἄρα οἱ γέρας ἔξελον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"The girl whom the sons of the Achaeans chose out as his prize,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλετο","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔξελον","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔξελον","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"ἔξελον","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κούρην","gloss":"chose out"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔξελον","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b18-l445","source":"τὴν ἂψ ἐκ χειρῶν ἕλετο κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων.","translation":"the lord Agamemnon took away from his hands,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies κούρην","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἕλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλετο","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b18-l446","source":"ἤτοι ὃ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"and grieving for her, he wasted his heart; meanwhile the Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφθιεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀχέων","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"ἀχέων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφθιεν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔφθιεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔφθιεν","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wasted"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐείλεον","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b18-l447","source":"Τρῶες ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσιν ἐείλεον, οὐδὲ θύραζε","translation":"hemmed the Achaeans in at the ships' sterns and would not let them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐείλεον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πρύμνῃσιν","lemma":"πρύμνα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"sterns"},{"surface":"ἐείλεον","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hemmed in"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐξιέναι","gloss":"outside"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b18-l448","source":"εἴων ἐξιέναι· τὸν δὲ λίσσοντο γέροντες","translation":"come out; and the elders of the Argives entreated him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴων","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were allowing"},{"surface":"ἐξιέναι","lemma":"ἔξειμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴων","gloss":"to go out"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίσσοντο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίσσοντο","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entreated"},{"surface":"γέροντες","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of λίσσοντο","gloss":"elders"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b18-l449","source":"Ἀργείων, καὶ πολλὰ περικλυτὰ δῶρʼ ὀνόμαζον.","translation":"and named many splendid gifts.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέροντες","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶῤ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"περικλυτὰ","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶῤ","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρ","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὀνόμαζον","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζον","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b18-l450","source":"ἔνθʼ αὐτὸς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἠναίνετο λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι,","translation":"Then he himself refused to ward off their ruin,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠναίνετο","lemma":"ἀναίνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμῦναι","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀμῦναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠναίνετο","gloss":"to ward off"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b18-l451","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ Πάτροκλον περὶ μὲν τὰ ἃ τεύχεα ἕσσε,","translation":"but clothed Patroclus all around in his own armor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l451.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὰ ἃ τεύχεα","title":"His own armor","body":"The possessive phrase τὰ ἃ τεύχεα marks the armor as Achilles' own. Achilles equips Patroclus with it; Patroclus does not arm himself independently in Thetis' compressed account."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕσσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕσσε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἃ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσσε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἕσσε","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clothed"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b18-l452","source":"πέμπε δέ μιν πόλεμον δέ, πολὺν δʼ ἅμα λαὸν ὄπασσε.","translation":"sent him to war, and sent many troops with him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμπε","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμπε","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄπασσε","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄπασσε","gloss":"army"},{"surface":"ὄπασσε","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent along"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b18-l453","source":"πᾶν δʼ ἦμαρ μάρναντο περὶ Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσι·","translation":"All day they fought around the Scaean gates,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"μάρναντο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Σκαιῇσι","lemma":"Σκαιαί","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies πύλῃσι","gloss":"Scaean"},{"surface":"πύλῃσι","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"gates"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b18-l454","source":"καί νύ κεν αὐτῆμαρ πόλιν ἔπραθον, εἰ μὴ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"and they would have sacked the city that same day, had not Apollo,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l454.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καί νύ κεν αὐτῆμαρ πόλιν ἔπραθον, εἰ μὴ","title":"A past condition contrary to fact","body":"κεν with the aorist ἔπραθον gives the unreal result, they would have sacked, while εἰ μή introduces what prevented it: Apollo's intervention. The form marks the city's fall that day as a possibility that did not occur."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὐτῆμαρ","lemma":"αὐτῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπραθον","gloss":"that same day"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπραθον","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἔπραθον","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have sacked"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκταν̓","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b18-l455","source":"πολλὰ κακὰ ῥέξαντα Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν","translation":"after the valiant son of Menoetius had done great harm,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέξαντα","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"ῥέξαντα","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"having done"},{"surface":"Μενοιτίου","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκταν̓","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b18-l456","source":"ἔκτανʼ ἐνὶ προμάχοισι καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ἔδωκε.","translation":"killed him among the front ranks and gave Hector glory.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκταν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προμάχοισι","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b18-l457","source":"τοὔνεκα νῦν τὰ σὰ γούναθʼ ἱκάνομαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα","translation":"Therefore I now come as a suppliant to your knees, in hope you may be willing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκα","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνομαι","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies γούναθ̓","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σὰ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γούναθ̓","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"γούναθ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκάνομαι","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἱκάνομαι","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I come"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you may be willing"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b18-l458","source":"υἱεῖ ἐμῷ ὠκυμόρῳ δόμεν ἀσπίδα καὶ τρυφάλειαν","translation":"to give my swift-doomed son a shield and a helmet,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l458.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὠκυμόρῳ","title":"Swift-doomed","body":"ὠκύμορος joins swift with fate or death: Achilles is destined to die soon. The armor can restore him to battle, but it cannot lengthen his life."}],"words":[{"surface":"υἱεῖ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόμεν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱεῖ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὠκυμόρῳ","lemma":"ὠκύμορος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱεῖ","gloss":"swift-doomed"},{"surface":"δόμεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσθα","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρυφάλειαν","lemma":"τρυφάλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"helmet"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b18-l459","source":"καὶ καλὰς κνημῖδας ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας","translation":"fine greaves fitted with ankle-pieces,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλὰς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κνημῖδας","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"κνημῖδας","lemma":"κνημίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"greaves"},{"surface":"ἐπισφυρίοις","lemma":"ἐπισφύρια","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀραρυίας","gloss":"ankle-pieces"},{"surface":"ἀραρυίας","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies κνημῖδας","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b18-l460","source":"καὶ θώρηχʼ· ὃ γὰρ ἦν οἱ ἀπώλεσε πιστὸς ἑταῖρος","translation":"and a corselet; for his faithful companion lost the armor he had","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θώρηχ","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"breastplate"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀπώλεσε","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἀπώλεσε","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"πιστὸς","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπώλεσε","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b18-l461","source":"Τρωσὶ δαμείς· ὃ δὲ κεῖται ἐπὶ χθονὶ θυμὸν ἀχεύων.","translation":"when the Trojans struck him down; my son lies on the earth, grieving at heart.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δαμείς","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δαμείς","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπώλεσε","gloss":"slain"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀχεύων","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀχεύων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"grieving"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b18-l462","source":"τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις·","translation":"Then the renowned god, lame in both legs, answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"περικλυτὸς","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιγυήεις","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγυήεις","lemma":"ἀμφιγύεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"lame in both legs"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b18-l463","source":"θάρσει· μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων.","translation":"\"Take heart; do not let these things trouble your mind.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσει","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heart"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of μελόντων","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μελόντων","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μελόντων","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trouble"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b18-l464","source":"αἲ γάρ μιν θανάτοιο δυσηχέος ὧδε δυναίμην","translation":"If only I could hide him far from harsh-sounding death","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l464.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἲ γάρ μιν θανάτοιο δυσηχέος ὧδε δυναίμην","title":"An impossible wish","body":"αἲ γάρ introduces Hephaestus' wish, and the optative δυναίμην expresses what he longs to be able to do. His craft can make armor, but it cannot conceal Achilles from death."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποκρύψαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of νόσφιν","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"δυσηχέος","lemma":"δυσηχής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτοιο","gloss":"harsh-sounding"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δυναίμην","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δυναίμην","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I could"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b18-l465","source":"νόσφιν ἀποκρύψαι, ὅτε μιν μόρος αἰνὸς ἱκάνοι,","translation":"when dread fate comes upon him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἀποκρύψαι","lemma":"ἀποκρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δυναίμην","gloss":"to hide"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνοι","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνοι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μόρος","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνοι","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"αἰνὸς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μόρος","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"ἱκάνοι","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀποκρύψαι","gloss":"should come"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b18-l466","source":"ὥς οἱ τεύχεα καλὰ παρέσσεται, οἷά τις αὖτε","translation":"as surely as fine armor shall be his, such that many a man","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέσσεται","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρέσσεται","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of παρέσσεται","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"παρέσσεται","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall be at hand"},{"surface":"οἷά","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of θαυμάσσεται","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θαυμάσσεται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θαυμάσσεται","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b18-l467","source":"ἀνθρώπων πολέων θαυμάσσεται, ὅς κεν ἴδηται.","translation":"will marvel at it, whoever looks upon it.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"πολέων","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"θαυμάσσεται","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τεύχεα","gloss":"will marvel"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἴδηται","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τις","gloss":"sees"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b18-l468","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν τὴν μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ, βῆ δʼ ἐπὶ φύσας·","translation":"So speaking, he left her there and went to the bellows.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λίπεν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of λίπεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λίπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"φύσας","lemma":"φῦσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"bellows"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b18-l469","source":"τὰς δʼ ἐς πῦρ ἔτρεψε κέλευσέ τε ἐργάζεσθαι.","translation":"He turned them toward the fire and commanded them to work.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτρεψε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἔτρεψε","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"κέλευσέ","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commanded"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐργάζεσθαι","lemma":"ἐργάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κέλευσέ","gloss":"to work"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b18-l470","source":"φῦσαι δʼ ἐν χοάνοισιν ἐείκοσι πᾶσαι ἐφύσων","translation":"All twenty bellows blew into the crucibles,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῦσαι","lemma":"φῦσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐφύσων","gloss":"bellows"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χοάνοισιν","lemma":"χόανος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"crucibles"},{"surface":"ἐείκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies φῦσαι","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φῦσαι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐφύσων","lemma":"φυσάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were blowing"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b18-l471","source":"παντοίην εὔπρηστον ἀϋτμὴν ἐξανιεῖσαι,","translation":"sending out blasts of every kind, ready to kindle the fire,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίην","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀϋτμὴν","gloss":"every kind"},{"surface":"εὔπρηστον","lemma":"εὔπρηστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀϋτμὴν","gloss":"ready to kindle"},{"surface":"ἀϋτμὴν","lemma":"ἀυτμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξανιεῖσαι","gloss":"blast"},{"surface":"ἐξανιεῖσαι","lemma":"ἐξανίημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐφύσων","gloss":"sending out"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b18-l472","source":"ἄλλοτε μὲν σπεύδοντι παρέμμεναι, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε,","translation":"at one time to help him as he hurried, and at another otherwise,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέμμεναι","gloss":"at another time"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σπεύδοντι","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"object of παρέμμεναι","gloss":"hurrying"},{"surface":"παρέμμεναι","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"to be at hand"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at another time"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b18-l473","source":"ὅππως Ἥφαιστός τʼ ἐθέλοι καὶ ἔργον ἄνοιτο.","translation":"as Hephaestus might wish and as the work required.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l473.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅππως Ἥφαιστός τʼ ἐθέλοι","title":"According to the smith's will","body":"ὅππως introduces the manner in which the bellows vary their breath, and the optative ἐθέλοι makes their action responsive to whatever Hephaestus might wish. The craftsman remains the controlling agent."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστός","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐθέλοι","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἄνοιτο","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ἄνοιτο","lemma":"ἄνω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"might require"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b18-l474","source":"χαλκὸν δʼ ἐν πυρὶ βάλλεν ἀτειρέα κασσίτερόν τε","translation":"He cast unyielding bronze into the fire, and tin,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"βάλλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἀτειρέα","lemma":"ἀτειρής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκὸν","gloss":"unyielding"},{"surface":"κασσίτερόν","lemma":"κασσίτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"tin"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b18-l475","source":"καὶ χρυσὸν τιμῆντα καὶ ἄργυρον· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"precious gold, and silver. Then","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τιμῆντα","lemma":"τιμήεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρυσὸν","gloss":"precious"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄργυρον","lemma":"ἄργυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θῆκεν","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b18-l476","source":"θῆκεν ἐν ἀκμοθέτῳ μέγαν ἄκμονα, γέντο δὲ χειρὶ","translation":"he set a great anvil on its block, and grasped in one hand","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀκμοθέτῳ","lemma":"ἀκμόθετον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"anvil block"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκμονα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἄκμονα","lemma":"ἄκμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"anvil"},{"surface":"γέντο","lemma":"γέντο","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grasped"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to γέντο","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b18-l477","source":"ῥαιστῆρα κρατερήν, ἑτέρηφι δὲ γέντο πυράγρην.","translation":"the mighty hammer, while in the other he grasped the tongs.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥαιστῆρα","lemma":"ῥαιστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γέντο","gloss":"hammer"},{"surface":"κρατερήν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ῥαιστῆρα","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἑτέρηφι","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to γέντο","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέντο","lemma":"γέντο","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grasped"},{"surface":"πυράγρην","lemma":"πυράγρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γέντο","gloss":"tongs"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b18-l478","source":"ποίει δὲ πρώτιστα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε","translation":"First of all he made a shield, great and strong,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποίει","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was making"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρώτιστα","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ποίει","gloss":"first of all"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποίει","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στιβαρόν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b18-l479","source":"πάντοσε δαιδάλλων, περὶ δʼ ἄντυγα βάλλε φαεινὴν","translation":"adorning it richly all over; around it he cast a bright rim,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l479.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πάντοσε δαιδάλλων","title":"The maker at work","body":"The participle δαιδάλλων presents Hephaestus ornamenting the shield in every direction. Its root suggests intricate, skillful workmanship rather than decoration added by some separate hand."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοσε","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαιδάλλων","gloss":"all over"},{"surface":"δαιδάλλων","lemma":"δαιδάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ποίει","gloss":"adorning"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄντυγα","lemma":"ἄντυξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλλε","gloss":"rim"},{"surface":"βάλλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"φαεινὴν","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄντυγα","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b18-l480","source":"τρίπλακα μαρμαρέην, ἐκ δʼ ἀργύρεον τελαμῶνα.","translation":"threefold and flashing, and from it hung a silver baldric.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρίπλακα","lemma":"τρίπλαξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄντυγα","gloss":"threefold"},{"surface":"μαρμαρέην","lemma":"μαρμάρεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄντυγα","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργύρεον","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τελαμῶνα","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"τελαμῶνα","lemma":"τελαμών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"baldric"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b18-l481","source":"πέντε δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτοῦ ἔσαν σάκεος πτύχες· αὐτὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ","translation":"Five folds made up the shield itself; and upon it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l481.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πέντε δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτοῦ ἔσαν σάκεος πτύχες","title":"Five folds, not three","body":"πτύχες are the shield's five folds or layers. They are distinct from the threefold outer rim described in the preceding two lines."}],"words":[{"surface":"πέντε","lemma":"πέντε","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies πτύχες","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"σάκεος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies πτύχες","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"πτύχες","lemma":"πτύξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"folds"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b18-l482","source":"ποίει δαίδαλα πολλὰ ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσιν.","translation":"he made many designs with the wisdom of his mind.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l482.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσιν","title":"Craft guided by knowledge","body":"The dative phrase gives the means by which Hephaestus works: with knowing intelligence. The plural πραπίδεσσιν is an old poetic word for the inward faculties or mind."}],"words":[{"surface":"ποίει","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"δαίδαλα","lemma":"δαίδαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ποίει","gloss":"designs"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δαίδαλα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἰδυίῃσι","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative plural feminine","role":"modifies πραπίδεσσιν","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"πραπίδεσσιν","lemma":"πραπίδες","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ποίει","gloss":"mind"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b18-l483","source":"ἐν μὲν γαῖαν ἔτευξʼ, ἐν δʼ οὐρανόν, ἐν δὲ θάλασσαν,","translation":"On it he fashioned earth, and sky, and sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτευξ̓","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔτευξ̓","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἔτευξ","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fashioned"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανόν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάλασσαν","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b18-l484","source":"ἠέλιόν τʼ ἀκάμαντα σελήνην τε πλήθουσαν,","translation":"the tireless sun and the full moon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l484.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σελήνην τε πλήθουσαν","title":"The full moon","body":"πλήθουσαν pictures the moon at fullness, filled with light. The cosmos begins with the great lights after earth, sky, and sea."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέλιόν","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκάμαντα","lemma":"ἀκάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠέλιόν","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"σελήνην","lemma":"σελήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλήθουσαν","lemma":"πλήθω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies σελήνην","gloss":"full"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b18-l485","source":"ἐν δὲ τὰ τείρεα πάντα, τά τʼ οὐρανὸς ἐστεφάνωται,","translation":"and all the constellations that crown the sky,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies τείρεα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τείρεα","lemma":"τεῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"constellations"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τείρεα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐστεφάνωται","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸς","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστεφάνωται","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἐστεφάνωται","lemma":"στεφανόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τείρεα","gloss":"is crowned"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b18-l486","source":"Πληϊάδας θʼ Ὑάδας τε τό τε σθένος Ὠρίωνος","translation":"the Pleiades and Hyades and the might of Orion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πληϊάδας","lemma":"Πλειάδες","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"Pleiades"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὑάδας","lemma":"Ὑάδες","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"Hyades"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"Ὠρίωνος","lemma":"Ὠρίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"of Orion"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b18-l487","source":"Ἄρκτόν θʼ, ἣν καὶ Ἄμαξαν ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσιν,","translation":"and the Bear, which men also call by name the Wain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄρκτόν","lemma":"ἄρκτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"Bear"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of καλέουσιν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄμαξαν","lemma":"ἄμαξα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καλέουσιν","gloss":"Wain"},{"surface":"ἐπίκλησιν","lemma":"ἐπίκλησις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καλέουσιν","gloss":"by name"},{"surface":"καλέουσιν","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"they call"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b18-l488","source":"ἥ τʼ αὐτοῦ στρέφεται καί τʼ Ὠρίωνα δοκεύει,","translation":"which turns there in place and keeps watch on Orion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of στρέφεται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στρέφεται","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"στρέφεται","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὠρίωνα","lemma":"Ὠρίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δοκεύει","gloss":"Orion"},{"surface":"δοκεύει","lemma":"δοκεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"watches"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b18-l489","source":"οἴη δʼ ἄμμορός ἐστι λοετρῶν Ὠκεανοῖο.","translation":"and alone has no share in the baths of Oceanus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμμορός","lemma":"ἄμμορος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"without share"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"λοετρῶν","lemma":"λουτρόν","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄμμορός","gloss":"baths"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies λοετρῶν","gloss":"Ocean"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b18-l490","source":"ἐν δὲ δύω ποίησε πόλεις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων","translation":"On it he made two cities of mortal men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποίησε","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies πόλεις","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ποίησε","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"πόλεις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ποίησε","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"μερόπων","lemma":"μέροψ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλεις","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b18-l491","source":"καλάς. ἐν τῇ μέν ῥα γάμοι τʼ ἔσαν εἰλαπίναι τε,","translation":"both beautiful. In one were weddings and wedding feasts,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλάς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεις","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γάμοι","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"weddings"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"εἰλαπίναι","lemma":"εἰλαπίνη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"feasts"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b18-l492","source":"νύμφας δʼ ἐκ θαλάμων δαΐδων ὕπο λαμπομενάων","translation":"and from their chambers, beneath the light of blazing torches, brides","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύμφας","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠγίνεον","gloss":"brides"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θαλάμων","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chambers"},{"surface":"δαΐδων","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"λαμπομενάων","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural feminine","role":"modifies δαΐδων","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b18-l493","source":"ἠγίνεον ἀνὰ ἄστυ, πολὺς δʼ ὑμέναιος ὀρώρει·","translation":"were led through the city, and loud the wedding song arose.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠγίνεον","lemma":"ἀγινέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leading"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"πολὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑμέναιος","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑμέναιος","lemma":"ὑμέναιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"wedding song"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had arisen"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b18-l494","source":"κοῦροι δʼ ὀρχηστῆρες ἐδίνεον, ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν","translation":"Young men danced and whirled, and among them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδίνεον","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρχηστῆρες","lemma":"ὀρχηστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"dancers"},{"surface":"ἐδίνεον","lemma":"δινεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were whirling"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b18-l495","source":"αὐλοὶ φόρμιγγές τε βοὴν ἔχον· αἳ δὲ γυναῖκες","translation":"pipes and lyres rang out; and the women,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐλοὶ","lemma":"αὐλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"pipes"},{"surface":"φόρμιγγές","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"lyres"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies γυναῖκες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of θαύμαζον","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b18-l496","source":"ἱστάμεναι θαύμαζον ἐπὶ προθύροισιν ἑκάστη.","translation":"each standing at her doorway, watched in wonder.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστάμεναι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to θαύμαζον","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"θαύμαζον","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"watched in wonder"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"προθύροισιν","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"doorways"},{"surface":"ἑκάστη","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b18-l497","source":"λαοὶ δʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ ἔσαν ἀθρόοι· ἔνθα δὲ νεῖκος","translation":"The people were gathered in assembly, for there a quarrel","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἀθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"assembled"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὠρώρει","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὠρώρει","gloss":"quarrel"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b18-l498","source":"ὠρώρει, δύο δʼ ἄνδρες ἐνείκεον εἵνεκα ποινῆς","translation":"had arisen, and two men disputed over compensation","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had arisen"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνείκεον","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐνείκεον","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were disputing"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ποινῆς","lemma":"ποινή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"compensation"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b18-l499","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἀποφθιμένου· ὃ μὲν εὔχετο πάντʼ ἀποδοῦναι","translation":"for a man who had been killed. One claimed before the people that he had paid all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l499.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εὔχετο πάντʼ ἀποδοῦναι","title":"A disputed claim","body":"The first man publicly claims that he has paid everything. The infinitive states the content of his claim, but the narrator does not certify that the payment was actually made."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποινῆς","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀποφθιμένου","lemma":"ἀποφθίνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχετο","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὔχετο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"claimed"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀποδοῦναι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀποδοῦναι","lemma":"ἀποδίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχετο","gloss":"to pay back"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b18-l500","source":"δήμῳ πιφαύσκων, ὃ δʼ ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι·","translation":"while the other denied that he had received anything.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πιφαύσκων","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"πιφαύσκων","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"declaring"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀναίνετο","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναίνετο","lemma":"ἀναίνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"denied"},{"surface":"μηδὲν","lemma":"μηδείς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀναίνετο","gloss":"to receive"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b18-l501","source":"ἄμφω δʼ ἱέσθην ἐπὶ ἴστορι πεῖραρ ἑλέσθαι.","translation":"Both were eager to reach a settlement before an arbiter.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l501.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπὶ ἴστορι πεῖραρ ἑλέσθαι","title":"A decision before an arbiter","body":"The compact legal phrase is difficult: ἴστωρ is the deciding authority or arbiter, and πεῖραρ is literally a boundary or end. The line says both men seek a settlement without specifying a modern court procedure."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἱέσθην","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱέσθην","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were eager"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἴστορι","lemma":"ἵστωρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"arbiter"},{"surface":"πεῖραρ","lemma":"πεῖραρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"settlement"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἱέσθην","gloss":"to obtain"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b18-l502","source":"λαοὶ δʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἐπήπυον ἀμφὶς ἀρωγοί·","translation":"The people shouted for both sides, each group supporting its own.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπήπυον","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπήπυον","gloss":"both sides"},{"surface":"ἐπήπυον","lemma":"ἐπηπύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were shouting"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀρωγοί","gloss":"separately"},{"surface":"ἀρωγοί","lemma":"ἀρωγός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"supporters"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b18-l503","source":"κήρυκες δʼ ἄρα λαὸν ἐρήτυον· οἳ δὲ γέροντες","translation":"Heralds held the people back, while the elders","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρήτυον","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρήτυον","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ἐρήτυον","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies γέροντες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντες","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἵατ̓","gloss":"elders"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b18-l504","source":"εἵατʼ ἐπὶ ξεστοῖσι λίθοις ἱερῷ ἐνὶ κύκλῳ,","translation":"sat on polished stones within the sacred circle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵατ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ξεστοῖσι","lemma":"ξεστός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίθοις","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"λίθοις","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"ἱερῷ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύκλῳ","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κύκλῳ","lemma":"κύκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"circle"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b18-l505","source":"σκῆπτρα δὲ κηρύκων ἐν χέρσʼ ἔχον ἠεροφώνων·","translation":"holding in their hands the staves of the loud-voiced heralds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκῆπτρα","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"staves"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κηρύκων","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies σκῆπτρα","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χέρσ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"ἠεροφώνων","lemma":"ἠερόφωνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κηρύκων","gloss":"loudvoiced"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b18-l506","source":"τοῖσιν ἔπειτʼ ἤϊσσον, ἀμοιβηδὶς δὲ δίκαζον.","translation":"With these they sprang up and gave judgment one after another.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἤϊσσον","gloss":"with these"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤϊσσον","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"ἀμοιβηδὶς","lemma":"ἀμοιβηδίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δίκαζον","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δίκαζον","lemma":"δικάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave judgment"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b18-l507","source":"κεῖτο δʼ ἄρʼ ἐν μέσσοισι δύω χρυσοῖο τάλαντα,","translation":"Two talents of gold lay in their midst,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσοισι","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"midst"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"χρυσοῖο","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τάλαντα","lemma":"τάλαντον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"talents"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b18-l508","source":"τῷ δόμεν ὃς μετὰ τοῖσι δίκην ἰθύντατα εἴποι.","translation":"to be given to whichever among them spoke the straightest judgment.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόμεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δόμεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴποι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δίκην","lemma":"δίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴποι","gloss":"judgment"},{"surface":"ἰθύντατα","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴποι","gloss":"straightest"},{"surface":"εἴποι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῷ","gloss":"might speak"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b18-l509","source":"τὴν δʼ ἑτέρην πόλιν ἀμφὶ δύω στρατοὶ ἥατο λαῶν","translation":"Around the other city two armies of men were encamped,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine article","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρην","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies στρατοὶ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"στρατοὶ","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἥατο","gloss":"armies"},{"surface":"ἥατο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were encamped"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στρατοὶ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b18-l510","source":"τεύχεσι λαμπόμενοι· δίχα δέ σφισιν ἥνδανε βουλή,","translation":"their armor flashing; and their counsel divided them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to λαμπόμενοι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"λαμπόμενοι","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥατο","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"δίχα","lemma":"δίχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥνδανε","gloss":"in two"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἥνδανε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἥνδανε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"βουλή","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b18-l511","source":"ἠὲ διαπραθέειν ἢ ἄνδιχα πάντα δάσασθαι","translation":"whether to sack it utterly or divide in halves all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l511.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἠὲ διαπραθέειν ἢ ἄνδιχα πάντα δάσασθαι","title":"Two plans for the city","body":"The paired ἠέ...ἤ presents two alternatives: destroy the city completely or divide all its goods in two. The infinitives depend on the divided counsel of the besieging armies."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"διαπραθέειν","lemma":"διαπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"to sack utterly"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἄνδιχα","lemma":"ἄνδιχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δάσασθαι","gloss":"in halves"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δάσασθαι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δάσασθαι","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"to divide"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b18-l512","source":"κτῆσιν ὅσην πτολίεθρον ἐπήρατον ἐντὸς ἔεργεν·","translation":"the wealth the lovely citadel enclosed within.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτῆσιν","lemma":"κτῆσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔεργεν","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"ὅσην","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κτῆσιν","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔεργεν","gloss":"citadel"},{"surface":"ἐπήρατον","lemma":"ἐπήρατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ἐντὸς","lemma":"ἐντός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔεργεν","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἔεργεν","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πάντα","gloss":"enclosed"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b18-l513","source":"οἳ δʼ οὔ πω πείθοντο, λόχῳ δʼ ὑπεθωρήσσοντο.","translation":"But the citizens would not yet yield; they armed in secret for an ambush.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l513.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λόχῳ δʼ ὑπεθωρήσσοντο","title":"Arming for ambush","body":"The compound verb pictures the citizens putting armor on in preparation for a λόχος, an ambush. Their refusal leads not to a set battle at the wall but to a concealed sortie."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πείθοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to πείθοντο","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"πείθοντο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were yielding"},{"surface":"λόχῳ","lemma":"λόχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπεθωρήσσοντο","gloss":"ambush"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπεθωρήσσοντο","lemma":"ὑποθωρήσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed secretly"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b18-l514","source":"τεῖχος μέν ῥʼ ἄλοχοί τε φίλαι καὶ νήπια τέκνα","translation":"Their dear wives and helpless children guarded the wall,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ῥύατ̓","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλοχοί","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλαι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχοί","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήπια","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"helpless"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b18-l515","source":"ῥύατʼ ἐφεσταότες, μετὰ δʼ ἀνέρες οὓς ἔχε γῆρας·","translation":"standing upon it, and with them were the men whom age held back.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥύατ","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guarded"},{"surface":"ἐφεσταότες","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥύατ̓","gloss":"standing upon"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνέρες","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"γῆρας","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"age"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b18-l516","source":"οἳ δʼ ἴσαν· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφιν Ἄρης καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη","translation":"The others went out; Ares and Pallas Athena led them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l516.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφιν Ἄρης καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη","title":"The gods lead the sortie","body":"The singular verb ἦρχε introduces the paired divine leaders Ares and Athena. The mortal defenders go out under their command within the scene Hephaestus has fashioned."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b18-l517","source":"ἄμφω χρυσείω, χρύσεια δὲ εἵματα ἕσθην,","translation":"both made of gold, and golden were the clothes they wore,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"χρυσείω","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"χρύσεια","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσθην","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"ἕσθην","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they wore"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b18-l518","source":"καλὼ καὶ μεγάλω σὺν τεύχεσιν, ὥς τε θεώ περ","translation":"beautiful and tall in armor, as gods indeed are,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὼ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλω","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεώ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b18-l519","source":"ἀμφὶς ἀριζήλω· λαοὶ δʼ ὑπολίζονες ἦσαν.","translation":"both conspicuous, while the people were smaller.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l519.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λαοὶ δʼ ὑπολίζονες ἦσαν","title":"Gods larger than mortals","body":"ὑπολίζονες marks the human figures as somewhat smaller. Their reduced scale makes the two golden gods visibly distinct within the crafted battle scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀριζήλω","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἀριζήλω","lemma":"ἀρίζηλος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεώ","gloss":"conspicuous"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπολίζονες","lemma":"ὑπολίζων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"smaller"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b18-l520","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκανον ὅθι σφίσιν εἶκε λοχῆσαι","translation":"When they reached the place that seemed fit for their ambush,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκανον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵκανον","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵζοντ̓","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λοχῆσαι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"σφίσιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἶκε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"εἶκε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἵκανον","gloss":"seemed fit"},{"surface":"λοχῆσαι","lemma":"λοχάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of εἶκε","gloss":"to lie in ambush"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b18-l521","source":"ἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι τʼ ἀρδμὸς ἔην πάντεσσι βοτοῖσιν,","translation":"beside the river, where all the livestock came to drink,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρδμὸς","lemma":"ἀρδμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"watering place"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ποταμῷ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βοτοῖσιν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"βοτοῖσιν","lemma":"βοτόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"livestock"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b18-l522","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄρα τοί γʼ ἵζοντʼ εἰλυμένοι αἴθοπι χαλκῷ.","translation":"there they sat, wrapped in gleaming bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵζοντ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵζοντ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἵζοντ","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"εἰλυμένοι","lemma":"εἰλύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵζοντ̓","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"αἴθοπι","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰλυμένοι","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b18-l523","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπάνευθε δύω σκοποὶ εἵατο λαῶν","translation":"Then two scouts from the force sat apart from them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵατο","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies σκοποὶ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"σκοποὶ","lemma":"σκοπός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἵατο","gloss":"scouts"},{"surface":"εἵατο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"force"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b18-l524","source":"δέγμενοι ὁππότε μῆλα ἰδοίατο καὶ ἕλικας βοῦς.","translation":"waiting until they should see sheep and curving-horned cattle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δέγμενοι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἵατο","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδοίατο","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"ἰδοίατο","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δέγμενοι","gloss":"they should see"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλικας","lemma":"ἕλιξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"shambling"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b18-l525","source":"οἳ δὲ τάχα προγένοντο, δύω δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο νομῆες","translation":"Soon the herds came on, and two herdsmen followed with them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προγένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προγένοντο","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"προγένοντο","lemma":"προγίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came forward"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νομῆες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"νομῆες","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"herdsmen"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b18-l526","source":"τερπόμενοι σύριγξι· δόλον δʼ οὔ τι προνόησαν.","translation":"delighting in their pipes, with no thought of the trap.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τερπόμενοι","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"delighting"},{"surface":"σύριγξι","lemma":"σῦριγξ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τερπόμενοι","gloss":"pipes"},{"surface":"δόλον","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προνόησαν","gloss":"trap"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to προνόησαν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"προνόησαν","lemma":"προνοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"foresaw"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b18-l527","source":"οἳ μὲν τὰ προϊδόντες ἐπέδραμον, ὦκα δʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"The ambushers saw them and rushed upon them, then swiftly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέδραμον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of προϊδόντες","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"προϊδόντες","lemma":"προεῖδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέδραμον","gloss":"having seen beforehand"},{"surface":"ἐπέδραμον","lemma":"ἐπιτρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed upon"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμνοντ̓","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμνοντ̓","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b18-l528","source":"τάμνοντʼ ἀμφὶ βοῶν ἀγέλας καὶ πώεα καλὰ","translation":"cut off the herds of cattle and the fine flocks","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάμνοντ","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were cutting off"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγέλας","gloss":"ox"},{"surface":"ἀγέλας","lemma":"ἀγέλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"herds"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πώεα","lemma":"πῶυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πώεα","gloss":"beautiful"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b18-l529","source":"ἀργεννέων οἰῶν, κτεῖνον δʼ ἐπὶ μηλοβοτῆρας.","translation":"of white sheep, and killed the men who tended them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργεννέων","lemma":"ἀργεννός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies οἰῶν","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"οἰῶν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies πώεα","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"κτεῖνον","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were killing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"μηλοβοτῆρας","lemma":"μηλοβοτήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κτεῖνον","gloss":"shepherds"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b18-l530","source":"οἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐπύθοντο πολὺν κέλαδον παρὰ βουσὶν","translation":"When the besiegers heard the great din among the cattle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετεκίαθον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπύθοντο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπύθοντο","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μετεκίαθον","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κέλαδον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κέλαδον","lemma":"κέλαδος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπύθοντο","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"βουσὶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b18-l531","source":"εἰράων προπάροιθε καθήμενοι, αὐτίκʼ ἐφʼ ἵππων","translation":"sitting before their assembly, at once upon their horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰράων","lemma":"εἴρη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"καθήμενοι","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπύθοντο","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάντες","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of βάντες","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b18-l532","source":"βάντες ἀερσιπόδων μετεκίαθον, αἶψα δʼ ἵκοντο.","translation":"they mounted and pursued on high-stepping steeds, and soon arrived.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάντες","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μετεκίαθον","gloss":"having mounted"},{"surface":"ἀερσιπόδων","lemma":"ἀερσίπους","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"high-stepping"},{"surface":"μετεκίαθον","lemma":"μετακιάθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pursued"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arrived"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b18-l533","source":"στησάμενοι δʼ ἐμάχοντο μάχην ποταμοῖο παρʼ ὄχθας,","translation":"They halted and fought beside the riverbanks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στησάμενοι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"having halted"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were fighting"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄχθας","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ὄχθας","lemma":"ὄχθη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"banks"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b18-l534","source":"βάλλον δʼ ἀλλήλους χαλκήρεσιν ἐγχείῃσιν.","translation":"and cast at one another with bronze-shod spears.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάλλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of βάλλον","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεσιν","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐγχείῃσιν","gloss":"bronze-shod"},{"surface":"ἐγχείῃσιν","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλλον","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b18-l535","source":"ἐν δʼ Ἔρις ἐν δὲ Κυδοιμὸς ὁμίλεον, ἐν δʼ ὀλοὴ Κήρ,","translation":"Among them Strife and Battle-Din moved, and destructive Fate,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμίλεον","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κυδοιμὸς","lemma":"κυδοιμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁμίλεον","gloss":"Battle-Din"},{"surface":"ὁμίλεον","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"moved among"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλοὴ","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κήρ","gloss":"destructive"},{"surface":"Κήρ","lemma":"Κήρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Fate"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b18-l536","source":"ἄλλον ζωὸν ἔχουσα νεούτατον, ἄλλον ἄουτον,","translation":"holding one man newly wounded but alive, another unwounded,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l536.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄλλον ζωὸν ἔχουσα νεούτατον, ἄλλον ἄουτον","title":"Three different victims","body":"The repeated ἄλλον distinguishes Fate's first two victims: one is alive and freshly wounded, the other is unwounded. The third, named in the next line, is already dead."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ζωὸν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἔχουσα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"νεούτατον","lemma":"νεούτατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"newly wounded"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἄουτον","lemma":"ἄουτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"unwounded"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b18-l537","source":"ἄλλον τεθνηῶτα κατὰ μόθον ἕλκε ποδοῖιν·","translation":"and another dead, whom she dragged by the feet through the melee.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἕλκε","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μόθον","lemma":"μόθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"melee"},{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"ποδοῖιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλκε","gloss":"feet"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b18-l538","source":"εἷμα δʼ ἔχʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι δαφοινεὸν αἵματι φωτῶν.","translation":"The robe about her shoulders was red with the blood of men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷμα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχ̓","gloss":"robe"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὤμοισι","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"δαφοινεὸν","lemma":"δαφοινεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἷμα","gloss":"blood-red"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δαφοινεὸν","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"φωτῶν","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies αἵματι","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b18-l539","source":"ὡμίλευν δʼ ὥς τε ζωοὶ βροτοὶ ἠδʼ ἐμάχοντο,","translation":"They mingled and fought like living mortals,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡμίλευν","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were mingling"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζωοὶ","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτοὶ","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"βροτοὶ","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were fighting"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b18-l540","source":"νεκρούς τʼ ἀλλήλων ἔρυον κατατεθνηῶτας.","translation":"and dragged away one another's fallen dead.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκρούς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρυον","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νεκρούς","gloss":"one another's"},{"surface":"ἔρυον","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were dragging"},{"surface":"κατατεθνηῶτας","lemma":"καταθνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies νεκρούς","gloss":"fallen dead"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b18-l541","source":"ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει νειὸν μαλακὴν πίειραν ἄρουραν","translation":"On it he set a soft fallow, rich soil,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτίθει","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"νειὸν","lemma":"νειός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"fallow field"},{"surface":"μαλακὴν","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νειὸν","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"πίειραν","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουραν","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"ἄρουραν","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"soil"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b18-l542","source":"εὐρεῖαν τρίπολον· πολλοὶ δʼ ἀροτῆρες ἐν αὐτῇ","translation":"broad and thrice ploughed; and many ploughmen within it","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐρεῖαν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουραν","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"τρίπολον","lemma":"τρίπολος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουραν","gloss":"thrice-ploughed"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀροτῆρες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀροτῆρες","lemma":"ἀροτήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλάστρεον","gloss":"ploughmen"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b18-l543","source":"ζεύγεα δινεύοντες ἐλάστρεον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα.","translation":"drove their teams around, back and forth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζεύγεα","lemma":"ζεῦγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δινεύοντες","gloss":"teams"},{"surface":"δινεύοντες","lemma":"δινεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλάστρεον","gloss":"wheeling around"},{"surface":"ἐλάστρεον","lemma":"ἐλαστρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were driving"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b18-l544","source":"οἳ δʼ ὁπότε στρέψαντες ἱκοίατο τέλσον ἀρούρης,","translation":"Whenever they turned and reached the field's end,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκοίατο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁπότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκοίατο","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"στρέψαντες","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκοίατο","gloss":"having turned"},{"surface":"ἱκοίατο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δόσκεν","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"τέλσον","lemma":"τέλσον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκοίατο","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"ἀρούρης","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τέλσον","gloss":"field"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b18-l545","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἐν χερσὶ δέπας μελιηδέος οἴνου","translation":"then into their hands a cup of honey-sweet wine","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσκεν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δόσκεν","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"μελιηδέος","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνου","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"οἴνου","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b18-l546","source":"δόσκεν ἀνὴρ ἐπιών· τοὶ δὲ στρέψασκον ἀνʼ ὄγμους,","translation":"an approaching man would give; then they would turn again along the furrows,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δόσκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would give"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσκεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐπιών","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δόσκεν","gloss":"approaching"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of στρέψασκον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στρέψασκον","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wouldturn"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"ὄγμους","lemma":"ὄγμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀν̓","gloss":"furrows"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b18-l547","source":"ἱέμενοι νειοῖο βαθείης τέλσον ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"eager to reach once more the deep fallow's end.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱέμενοι","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to στρέψασκον","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"νειοῖο","lemma":"νειός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τέλσον","gloss":"fallow field"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νειοῖο","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"τέλσον","lemma":"τέλσον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἱέμενοι","gloss":"to reach"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b18-l548","source":"ἣ δὲ μελαίνετʼ ὄπισθεν, ἀρηρομένῃ δὲ ἐῴκει,","translation":"Behind them it grew black and looked as though it had been ploughed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l548.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀρηρομένῃ δὲ ἐῴκει","title":"It looked ploughed","body":"The participle with ἐῴκει describes resemblance: the golden field looked as though it had been ploughed. The workmanship creates the illusion of dark turned soil without changing the material from gold."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μελαίνετ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μελαίνετ","lemma":"μελαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew black"},{"surface":"ὄπισθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μελαίνετ̓","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ἀρηρομένῃ","lemma":"ἀρόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, dative singular feminine","role":"object of ἐῴκει","gloss":"having been ploughed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐῴκει","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"looked like"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b18-l549","source":"χρυσείη περ ἐοῦσα· τὸ δὴ περὶ θαῦμα τέτυκτο.","translation":"though it was gold; this was a marvel of the craft.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσείη","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐῴκει","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τέτυκτο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέτυκτο","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"θαῦμα","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"marvel"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been wrought"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b18-l550","source":"ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει τέμενος βασιλήϊον· ἔνθα δʼ ἔριθοι","translation":"On it he set a royal harvest field, where laborers","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l550.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τέμενος βασιλήϊον","title":"The king's allotted field","body":"τέμενος is land set apart as an honored allotment, here belonging to a king. The scene distinguishes the silent king from the heralds who prepare the meal farther away."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτίθει","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"τέμενος","lemma":"τέμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐτίθει","gloss":"harvest field"},{"surface":"βασιλήϊον","lemma":"βασίλειος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέμενος","gloss":"royal"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤμων","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔριθοι","lemma":"ἔριθος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤμων","gloss":"laborers"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b18-l551","source":"ἤμων ὀξείας δρεπάνας ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες.","translation":"were reaping, sharp sickles in their hands.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤμων","lemma":"ἀμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were reaping"},{"surface":"ὀξείας","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δρεπάνας","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δρεπάνας","lemma":"δρεπάνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"sickles"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤμων","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b18-l552","source":"δράγματα δʼ ἄλλα μετʼ ὄγμον ἐπήτριμα πῖπτον ἔραζε,","translation":"Some handfuls fell thick upon the ground along the swath,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δράγματα","lemma":"δράγμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πῖπτον","gloss":"handfuls"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δράγματα","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"ὄγμον","lemma":"ὄγμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"swath"},{"surface":"ἐπήτριμα","lemma":"ἐπήτριμος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thickly"},{"surface":"πῖπτον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were falling"},{"surface":"ἔραζε","lemma":"ἔραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πῖπτον","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b18-l553","source":"ἄλλα δʼ ἀμαλλοδετῆρες ἐν ἐλλεδανοῖσι δέοντο.","translation":"while binders tied others with bands of straw.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δέοντο","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμαλλοδετῆρες","lemma":"ἀμαλλοδετήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δέοντο","gloss":"sheaf-binders"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἐλλεδανοῖσι","lemma":"ἐλλεδανός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"bands"},{"surface":"δέοντο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were tying"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b18-l554","source":"τρεῖς δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμαλλοδετῆρες ἐφέστασαν· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθε","translation":"Three binders stood over the work; behind them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἀμαλλοδετῆρες","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμαλλοδετῆρες","lemma":"ἀμαλλοδετήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφέστασαν","gloss":"sheaf-binders"},{"surface":"ἐφέστασαν","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood over"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δραγμεύοντες","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b18-l555","source":"παῖδες δραγμεύοντες ἐν ἀγκαλίδεσσι φέροντες","translation":"boys gathered the cut grain and carried it in armfuls,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πάρεχον","gloss":"boys"},{"surface":"δραγμεύοντες","lemma":"δραγμεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πάρεχον","gloss":"gathering handfuls"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγκαλίδεσσι","lemma":"ἀγκάλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"armfuls"},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πάρεχον","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b18-l556","source":"ἀσπερχὲς πάρεχον· βασιλεὺς δʼ ἐν τοῖσι σιωπῇ","translation":"bringing it on without pause. Among them the king in silence","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπερχὲς","lemma":"ἀσπερχές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάρεχον","gloss":"unceasingly"},{"surface":"πάρεχον","lemma":"παρέχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were bringing"},{"surface":"βασιλεὺς","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑστήκει","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b18-l557","source":"σκῆπτρον ἔχων ἑστήκει ἐπʼ ὄγμου γηθόσυνος κῆρ.","translation":"stood upon the swath with scepter in hand, glad at heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὄγμου","lemma":"ὄγμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"swath"},{"surface":"γηθόσυνος","lemma":"γηθόσυνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλεὺς","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to γηθόσυνος","gloss":"at heart"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b18-l558","source":"κήρυκες δʼ ἀπάνευθεν ὑπὸ δρυῒ δαῖτα πένοντο,","translation":"Apart from them, beneath an oak, heralds prepared a feast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πένοντο","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθεν","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πένοντο","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δρυῒ","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"oak"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πένοντο","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"πένοντο","lemma":"πένομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were preparing"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b18-l559","source":"βοῦν δʼ ἱερεύσαντες μέγαν ἄμφεπον· αἳ δὲ γυναῖκες","translation":"and having sacrificed a great ox, they tended it; while the women","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱερεύσαντες","gloss":"ox"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱερεύσαντες","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄμφεπον","gloss":"having sacrificed"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἄμφεπον","lemma":"ἀμφιέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were tending"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies γυναῖκες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of πάλυνον","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b18-l560","source":"δεῖπνον ἐρίθοισιν λεύκʼ ἄλφιτα πολλὰ πάλυνον.","translation":"scattered abundant white barley meal for the workers' dinner.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dinner"},{"surface":"ἐρίθοισιν","lemma":"ἔριθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δεῖπνον","gloss":"laborers"},{"surface":"λεύκ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλφιτα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ἄλφιτα","lemma":"ἄλφιτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάλυνον","gloss":"barley meal"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλφιτα","gloss":"abundant"},{"surface":"πάλυνον","lemma":"παλύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were scattering"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b18-l561","source":"ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει σταφυλῇσι μέγα βρίθουσαν ἀλωὴν","translation":"On it he set a vineyard heavily laden with grapes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτίθει","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"σταφυλῇσι","lemma":"σταφυλή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of βρίθουσαν","gloss":"grapes"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βρίθουσαν","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"βρίθουσαν","lemma":"βρίθω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies ἀλωὴν","gloss":"laden"},{"surface":"ἀλωὴν","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτίθει","gloss":"vineyard"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b18-l562","source":"καλὴν χρυσείην· μέλανες δʼ ἀνὰ βότρυες ἦσαν,","translation":"beautiful and golden, though black were the clusters upon it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλωὴν","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"χρυσείην","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλωὴν","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"μέλανες","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βότρυες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"βότρυες","lemma":"βότρυς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"clusters"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b18-l563","source":"ἑστήκει δὲ κάμαξι διαμπερὲς ἀργυρέῃσιν.","translation":"and it stood throughout on stakes of silver.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάμαξι","lemma":"κάμαξ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"stakes"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέῃσιν","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κάμαξι","gloss":"silver"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b18-l564","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ κυανέην κάπετον, περὶ δʼ ἕρκος ἔλασσε","translation":"Around it he drove a dark-blue ditch and a fence","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυανέην","lemma":"κυάνεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κάπετον","gloss":"dark-blue"},{"surface":"κάπετον","lemma":"κάπετος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"ditch"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλασσε","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕρκος","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλασσε","gloss":"fence"},{"surface":"ἔλασσε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b18-l565","source":"κασσιτέρου· μία δʼ οἴη ἀταρπιτὸς ἦεν ἐπʼ αὐτήν,","translation":"of tin; a single path alone led to it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κασσιτέρου","lemma":"κασσίτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"tin"},{"surface":"μία","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀταρπιτὸς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀταρπιτὸς","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἀταρπιτὸς","lemma":"ἀτραπός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"αὐτήν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b18-l566","source":"τῇ νίσοντο φορῆες ὅτε τρυγόῳεν ἀλωήν.","translation":"and along it the bearers went whenever they gathered the vintage.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to νίσοντο","gloss":"along it"},{"surface":"νίσοντο","lemma":"νίσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀταρπιτὸς","gloss":"were going"},{"surface":"φορῆες","lemma":"φορεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of νίσοντο","gloss":"bearers"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρυγόῳεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τρυγόῳεν","lemma":"τρυγάω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to νίσοντο","gloss":"gather grapes"},{"surface":"ἀλωήν","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τρυγόῳεν","gloss":"vineyard"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b18-l567","source":"παρθενικαὶ δὲ καὶ ἠΐθεοι ἀταλὰ φρονέοντες","translation":"Maidens and young men, with tender thoughts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παρθενικαὶ","lemma":"παρθενική","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"maidens"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠΐθεοι","lemma":"ἠίθεος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"ἀταλὰ","lemma":"ἀταλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέοντες","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"φρονέοντες","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"thinking"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b18-l568","source":"πλεκτοῖς ἐν ταλάροισι φέρον μελιηδέα καρπόν.","translation":"carried the honey-sweet fruit in woven baskets.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλεκτοῖς","lemma":"πλεκτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ταλάροισι","gloss":"woven"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ταλάροισι","lemma":"τάλαρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"baskets"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were carrying"},{"surface":"μελιηδέα","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καρπόν","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"καρπόν","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"fruit"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b18-l569","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ ἐν μέσσοισι πάϊς φόρμιγγι λιγείῃ","translation":"In their midst a boy with a clear-toned lyre","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσοισι","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοῖσιν","gloss":"midst"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κιθάριζε","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"φόρμιγγι","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κιθάριζε","gloss":"lyre"},{"surface":"λιγείῃ","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φόρμιγγι","gloss":"clear-toned"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b18-l570","source":"ἱμερόεν κιθάριζε, λίνον δʼ ὑπὸ καλὸν ἄειδε","translation":"played sweetly and sang the lovely Linus song","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱμερόεν","lemma":"ἱμερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κιθάριζε","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"κιθάριζε","lemma":"κιθαρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was playing"},{"surface":"λίνον","lemma":"Λίνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄειδε","gloss":"Linus song"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to accompaniment"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄειδε","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ἄειδε","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was singing"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b18-l571","source":"λεπταλέῃ φωνῇ· τοὶ δὲ ῥήσσοντες ἁμαρτῇ","translation":"in a delicate voice; and together they stamped the ground","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεπταλέῃ","lemma":"λεπταλέος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φωνῇ","gloss":"delicate"},{"surface":"φωνῇ","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄειδε","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥήσσοντες","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"stamping"},{"surface":"ἁμαρτῇ","lemma":"ἁμαρτῆ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥήσσοντες","gloss":"together"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b18-l572","source":"μολπῇ τʼ ἰυγμῷ τε ποσὶ σκαίροντες ἕποντο.","translation":"and followed with song and cries, their feet leaping.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μολπῇ","lemma":"μολπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"song"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰυγμῷ","lemma":"ἰυγμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"cries"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σκαίροντες","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"σκαίροντες","lemma":"σκαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"leaping"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were following"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b18-l573","source":"ἐν δʼ ἀγέλην ποίησε βοῶν ὀρθοκραιράων·","translation":"On it he made a herd of straight-horned cattle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποίησε","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγέλην","lemma":"ἀγέλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποίησε","gloss":"herd"},{"surface":"ποίησε","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγέλην","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"ὀρθοκραιράων","lemma":"ὀρθόκραιρος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοῶν","gloss":"straight-horned"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b18-l574","source":"αἳ δὲ βόες χρυσοῖο τετεύχατο κασσιτέρου τε,","translation":"The cattle had been fashioned of gold and tin,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies βόες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βόες","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τετεύχατο","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"χρυσοῖο","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τετεύχατο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been fashioned"},{"surface":"κασσιτέρου","lemma":"κασσίτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tin"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b18-l575","source":"μυκηθμῷ δʼ ἀπὸ κόπρου ἐπεσσεύοντο νομὸν δὲ","translation":"and lowing they rushed from the farmyard toward the pasture,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυκηθμῷ","lemma":"μυκηθμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπεσσεύοντο","gloss":"lowing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"κόπρου","lemma":"κόπρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"farmyard"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσεύοντο","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were rushing"},{"surface":"νομὸν","lemma":"νομός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεσσεύοντο","gloss":"pasture"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b18-l576","source":"πὰρ ποταμὸν κελάδοντα, παρὰ ῥοδανὸν δονακῆα.","translation":"beside a murmuring river and the rustling reed bed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ποταμὸν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"κελάδοντα","lemma":"κελάδω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ποταμὸν","gloss":"murmuring"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ῥοδανὸν","lemma":"ῥοδανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δονακῆα","gloss":"rustling"},{"surface":"δονακῆα","lemma":"δονακεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"reed bed"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b18-l577","source":"χρύσειοι δὲ νομῆες ἅμʼ ἐστιχόωντο βόεσσι","translation":"Four golden herdsmen walked in line beside the cattle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσειοι","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νομῆες","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νομῆες","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"herdsmen"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἐστιχόωντο","lemma":"στιχάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were walking in line"},{"surface":"βόεσσι","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b18-l578","source":"τέσσαρες, ἐννέα δέ σφι κύνες πόδας ἀργοὶ ἕποντο.","translation":"and nine swift-footed dogs followed them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέσσαρες","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νομῆες","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕποντο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀργοὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἀργοὶ","lemma":"ἀργός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b18-l579","source":"σμερδαλέω δὲ λέοντε δύʼ ἐν πρώτῃσι βόεσσι","translation":"But two dreadful lions among the foremost cattle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέω","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέοντε","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"λέοντε","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχέτην","gloss":"lions"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies λέοντε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πρώτῃσι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies βόεσσι","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"βόεσσι","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b18-l580","source":"ταῦρον ἐρύγμηλον ἐχέτην· ὃ δὲ μακρὰ μεμυκὼς","translation":"held a bellowing bull; with long lowing he","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦρον","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐχέτην","gloss":"bull"},{"surface":"ἐρύγμηλον","lemma":"ἐρύγμηλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ταῦρον","gloss":"bellowing"},{"surface":"ἐχέτην","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλκετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μεμυκὼς","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"μεμυκὼς","lemma":"μυκάομαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκετο","gloss":"lowing"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b18-l581","source":"ἕλκετο· τὸν δὲ κύνες μετεκίαθον ἠδʼ αἰζηοί.","translation":"was dragged away, while dogs and young men followed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκετο","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was dragged"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετεκίαθον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"μετεκίαθον","lemma":"μετακιάθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were following"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰζηοί","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b18-l582","source":"τὼ μὲν ἀναρρήξαντε βοὸς μεγάλοιο βοείην","translation":"The lions tore open the great bull's hide","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λαφύσσετον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀναρρήξαντε","lemma":"ἀναρρήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to λαφύσσετον","gloss":"having torn open"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βοείην","gloss":"bull"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"βοείην","lemma":"βοείη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀναρρήξαντε","gloss":"hide"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b18-l583","source":"ἔγκατα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα λαφύσσετον· οἳ δὲ νομῆες","translation":"and gulped the entrails and black blood; but the herdsmen","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγκατα","lemma":"ἔγκατα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"entrails"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"λαφύσσετον","lemma":"λαφύσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were gulping"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies νομῆες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νομῆες","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνδίεσαν","gloss":"herdsmen"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b18-l584","source":"αὔτως ἐνδίεσαν ταχέας κύνας ὀτρύνοντες.","translation":"in vain kept setting the swift dogs on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνδίεσαν","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"ἐνδίεσαν","lemma":"ἐνδίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were chasing"},{"surface":"ταχέας","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνοντες","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνοντες","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνδίεσαν","gloss":"urging"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b18-l585","source":"οἳ δʼ ἤτοι δακέειν μὲν ἀπετρωπῶντο λεόντων,","translation":"The dogs shrank from biting the lions,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l585.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δακέειν μὲν ἀπετρωπῶντο λεόντων","title":"The dogs refuse the lions","body":"The dogs turn away from the infinitive δακέειν, “to bite,” with λεόντων as the object in the genitive. The μέν prepares the contrast: they bark nearby, but they do not close their teeth on the lions."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπετρωπῶντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δακέειν","lemma":"δάκνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἀπετρωπῶντο","gloss":"to bite"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπετρωπῶντο","lemma":"ἀποτρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were shrinking back"},{"surface":"λεόντων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπετρωπῶντο","gloss":"lions"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b18-l586","source":"ἱστάμενοι δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ὑλάκτεον ἔκ τʼ ἀλέοντο.","translation":"but standing very near they barked and kept clear.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστάμενοι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑλάκτεον","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστάμενοι","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ὑλάκτεον","lemma":"ὑλακτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were barking"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλέοντο","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept clear"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b18-l587","source":"ἐν δὲ νομὸν ποίησε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις","translation":"Then the renowned god, lame in both legs, made a pasture","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποίησε","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νομὸν","lemma":"νομός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"pasture"},{"surface":"ποίησε","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"περικλυτὸς","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιγυήεις","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγυήεις","lemma":"ἀμφιγύεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ποίησε","gloss":"lame in both legs"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b18-l588","source":"ἐν καλῇ βήσσῃ μέγαν οἰῶν ἀργεννάων,","translation":"in a beautiful valley, a great pasture of white sheep,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"καλῇ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βήσσῃ","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"βήσσῃ","lemma":"βῆσσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νομὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"οἰῶν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νομὸν","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"ἀργεννάων","lemma":"ἀργεννός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies οἰῶν","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b18-l589","source":"σταθμούς τε κλισίας τε κατηρεφέας ἰδὲ σηκούς.","translation":"with pens and roofed huts and sheepfolds.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σταθμούς","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"pens"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατηρεφέας","lemma":"κατηρεφής","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κλισίας","gloss":"roofed"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σηκούς","lemma":"σηκός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"sheepfolds"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b18-l590","source":"ἐν δὲ χορὸν ποίκιλλε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις,","translation":"Then the renowned god, lame in both legs, adorned a dancing floor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l590.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις","title":"Hephaestus, lame in both legs","body":"The locked epithet names Hephaestus as the renowned god lame in both legs. Repeating it here keeps the divine maker visible as he passes from pasture to dance."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποίκιλλε","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χορὸν","lemma":"χορός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποίκιλλε","gloss":"dancing floor"},{"surface":"ποίκιλλε","lemma":"ποικίλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"adorned"},{"surface":"περικλυτὸς","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιγυήεις","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγυήεις","lemma":"ἀμφιγύεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ποίκιλλε","gloss":"lame in both legs"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b18-l591","source":"τῷ ἴκελον οἷόν ποτʼ ἐνὶ Κνωσῷ εὐρείῃ","translation":"like the one that once in broad Knossos","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴκελον","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"ἴκελον","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χορὸν","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"οἷόν","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἤσκησεν","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἤσκησεν","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Κνωσῷ","lemma":"Κνωσός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Knossos"},{"surface":"εὐρείῃ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κνωσῷ","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b18-l592","source":"Δαίδαλος ἤσκησεν καλλιπλοκάμῳ Ἀριάδνῃ.","translation":"Daedalus fashioned for lovely-haired Ariadne.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δαίδαλος","lemma":"Δαίδαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤσκησεν","gloss":"Daedalus"},{"surface":"ἤσκησεν","lemma":"ἀσκέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῷ","gloss":"fashioned"},{"surface":"καλλιπλοκάμῳ","lemma":"καλλιπλόκαμος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀριάδνῃ","gloss":"lovely-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀριάδνῃ","lemma":"Ἀριάδνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤσκησεν","gloss":"Ariadne"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b18-l593","source":"ἔνθα μὲν ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι ἀλφεσίβοιαι","translation":"There young men and maidens worth many cattle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρχεῦντ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἠΐθεοι","lemma":"ἠίθεος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρθένοι","lemma":"παρθένος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"maidens"},{"surface":"ἀλφεσίβοιαι","lemma":"ἀλφεσίβοιος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies παρθένοι","gloss":"worth many cattle"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b18-l594","source":"ὀρχεῦντʼ ἀλλήλων ἐπὶ καρπῷ χεῖρας ἔχοντες.","translation":"danced, holding one another by the wrists.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀρχεῦντ","lemma":"ὀρχέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were dancing"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καρπῷ","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"καρπῷ","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"wrists"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀρχεῦντ̓","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b18-l595","source":"τῶν δʼ αἳ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἳ δὲ χιτῶνας","translation":"The maidens wore fine linen robes, and the young men tunics","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αἳ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λεπτὰς","lemma":"λεπτός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀθόνας","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ὀθόνας","lemma":"ὀθόνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"linen robes"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἵατ̓","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνας","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἵατ̓","gloss":"tunics"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b18-l596","source":"εἵατʼ ἐϋννήτους, ἦκα στίλβοντας ἐλαίῳ·","translation":"well woven, gleaming softly with oil.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵατ","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were wearing"},{"surface":"ἐϋννήτους","lemma":"ἐύννητος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνας","gloss":"well-woven"},{"surface":"ἦκα","lemma":"ἦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στίλβοντας","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"στίλβοντας","lemma":"στίλβω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies χιτῶνας","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"ἐλαίῳ","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of στίλβοντας","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b18-l597","source":"καί ῥʼ αἳ μὲν καλὰς στεφάνας ἔχον, οἳ δὲ μαχαίρας","translation":"The maidens wore lovely garlands, and the young men carried daggers","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καλὰς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies στεφάνας","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"στεφάνας","lemma":"στεφάνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"garlands"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαχαίρας","lemma":"μάχαιρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἶχον","gloss":"daggers"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b18-l598","source":"εἶχον χρυσείας ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων.","translation":"of gold hanging from silver baldrics.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"χρυσείας","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies μαχαίρας","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέων","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τελαμώνων","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"τελαμώνων","lemma":"τελαμών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"baldrics"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b18-l599","source":"οἳ δʼ ὁτὲ μὲν θρέξασκον ἐπισταμένοισι πόδεσσι","translation":"At times they ran in circles on skillful feet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θρέξασκον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁτὲ","lemma":"ὁτέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θρέξασκον","gloss":"at times"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θρέξασκον","lemma":"τρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would run"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένοισι","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies πόδεσσι","gloss":"skillful"},{"surface":"πόδεσσι","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θρέξασκον","gloss":"feet"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b18-l600","source":"ῥεῖα μάλʼ, ὡς ὅτε τις τροχὸν ἄρμενον ἐν παλάμῃσιν","translation":"lightly, as when a potter, seated, takes a fitted wheel in his hands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θρέξασκον","gloss":"lightly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πειρήσεται","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κεραμεὺς","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"τροχὸν","lemma":"τροχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πειρήσεται","gloss":"wheel"},{"surface":"ἄρμενον","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τροχὸν","gloss":"fitted"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσιν","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b18-l601","source":"ἑζόμενος κεραμεὺς πειρήσεται, αἴ κε θέῃσιν·","translation":"and tests it to see whether it will run;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑζόμενος","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πειρήσεται","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"κεραμεὺς","lemma":"κεραμεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πειρήσεται","gloss":"potter"},{"surface":"πειρήσεται","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θρέξασκον","gloss":"will test"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"θέῃσιν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of αἴ","gloss":"it may run"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b18-l602","source":"ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖ θρέξασκον ἐπὶ στίχας ἀλλήλοισι.","translation":"at other times they ran in rows toward one another.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θρέξασκον","gloss":"at another time"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"θρέξασκον","lemma":"τρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would run"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"rows"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of θρέξασκον","gloss":"each other"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b18-l603","source":"πολλὸς δʼ ἱμερόεντα χορὸν περιίσταθʼ ὅμιλος","translation":"A great crowd stood around the lovely dance,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμιλος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱμερόεντα","lemma":"ἱμερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χορὸν","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"χορὸν","lemma":"χορός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιίσταθ̓","gloss":"dance"},{"surface":"περιίσταθ","lemma":"περιίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood around"},{"surface":"ὅμιλος","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of περιίσταθ̓","gloss":"crowd"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b18-l604","source":"τερπόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφιν ἐμέλπετο θεῖος ἀοιδὸς","translation":"taking delight; among them a divine bard sang","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τερπόμενοι","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to περιίσταθ̓","gloss":"taking delight"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b18-l605","source":"φορμίζων· δοιὼ δὲ κυβιστητῆρε κατʼ αὐτοὺς","translation":"and played his lyre, while two tumblers among them","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l605.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δοιὼ δὲ κυβιστητῆρε","title":"Two tumblers","body":"The dual forms δοιώ and κυβιστητῆρε specify exactly two tumblers. They are distinct from the single bard named in the preceding line."}],"words":[{"surface":"δοιὼ","lemma":"δοιώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies κυβιστητῆρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυβιστητῆρε","lemma":"κυβιστητήρ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδίνευον","gloss":"tumblers"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b18-l606","source":"μολπῆς ἐξάρχοντες ἐδίνευον κατὰ μέσσους.","translation":"led the dance and whirled through the middle.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μολπῆς","lemma":"μολπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξάρχοντες","gloss":"dance"},{"surface":"ἐξάρχοντες","lemma":"ἐξάρχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδίνευον","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ἐδίνευον","lemma":"δινεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were whirling"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μέσσους","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"middle"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b18-l607","source":"ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει ποταμοῖο μέγα σθένος Ὠκεανοῖο","translation":"On it he set the great strength of the river Oceanus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l607.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτίθει","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐτίθει","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Ocean"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b18-l608","source":"ἄντυγα πὰρ πυμάτην σάκεος πύκα ποιητοῖο.","translation":"along the outermost rim of the close-wrought shield.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l608.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄντυγα πὰρ πυμάτην","title":"Ocean at the outer rim","body":"The superlative πυμάτην places Oceanus beside the shield's outermost rim. The cosmic river encloses every scene Hephaestus has made within it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντυγα","lemma":"ἄντυξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"rim"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πυμάτην","lemma":"πύματος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἄντυγα","gloss":"outermost"},{"surface":"σάκεος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἄντυγα","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"πύκα","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιητοῖο","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"ποιητοῖο","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκεος","gloss":"wrought"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b18-l609","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τεῦξε σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε,","translation":"But when he had made the shield, great and strong,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τεῦξε","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had made"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τεῦξε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στιβαρόν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b18-l610","source":"τεῦξʼ ἄρα οἱ θώρηκα φαεινότερον πυρὸς αὐγῆς,","translation":"he made for him a corselet brighter than the blaze of fire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεῦξ","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τεῦξ̓","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"θώρηκα","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τεῦξ̓","gloss":"breastplate"},{"surface":"φαεινότερον","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies θώρηκα","gloss":"brighter"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies αὐγῆς","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"αὐγῆς","lemma":"αὐγή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to φαεινότερον","gloss":"radiance"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b18-l611","source":"τεῦξε δέ οἱ κόρυθα βριαρὴν κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖαν","translation":"and made for him a heavy helmet fitted to his temples,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεῦξε","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τεῦξε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"κόρυθα","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τεῦξε","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"βριαρὴν","lemma":"βριαρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθα","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"κροτάφοις","lemma":"κρόταφος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀραρυῖαν","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"ἀραρυῖαν","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies κόρυθα","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b18-l612","source":"καλὴν δαιδαλέην, ἐπὶ δὲ χρύσεον λόφον ἧκε,","translation":"beautiful and richly wrought, and set a golden crest upon it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθα","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"δαιδαλέην","lemma":"δαιδάλεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθα","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρύσεον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λόφον","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"λόφον","lemma":"λόφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"crest"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b18-l613","source":"τεῦξε δέ οἱ κνημῖδας ἑανοῦ κασσιτέροιο.","translation":"and made for him greaves of pliant tin.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεῦξε","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τεῦξε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"κνημῖδας","lemma":"κνημίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τεῦξε","gloss":"greaves"},{"surface":"ἑανοῦ","lemma":"ἑανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κασσιτέροιο","gloss":"pliant"},{"surface":"κασσιτέροιο","lemma":"κασσίτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κνημῖδας","gloss":"tin"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b18-l614","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάνθʼ ὅπλα κάμε κλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις,","translation":"But when the famed god, lame in both legs, had labored over all the armor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πάνθ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅπλα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅπλα","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κάμε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"κάμε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had labored over"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιγυήεις","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγυήεις","lemma":"ἀμφιγύεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of κάμε","gloss":"lame in both legs"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b18-l615","source":"μητρὸς Ἀχιλλῆος θῆκε προπάροιθεν ἀείρας.","translation":"he lifted it and set it before Achilles' mother.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μητρὸς","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of προπάροιθεν","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μητρὸς","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"προπάροιθεν","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"having lifted"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b18-l616","source":"ἣ δʼ ἴρηξ ὣς ἆλτο κατʼ Οὐλύμπου νιφόεντος","translation":"Then she leapt like a hawk down from snowy Olympus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l616.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἆλτο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴρηξ","lemma":"ἱέραξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hawk"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμπου","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"νιφόεντος","lemma":"νιφόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Οὐλύμπου","gloss":"snowy"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b18-l617","source":"τεύχεα μαρμαίροντα παρʼ Ἡφαίστοιο φέρουσα.","translation":"bearing the flashing armor away from Hephaestus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b18-l617.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρουσα","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"μαρμαίροντα","lemma":"μαρμαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"φέρουσα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἆλτο","gloss":"bearing"}]}]}