{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":19,"id":"book-19","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Τ","translated":"Book 19 — The Renunciation of Wrath"},"section":"The Ransom of Hector","summary":"Achilles and Agamemnon make up. Briseis is returned. Achilles arms, and his horse Xanthus tells him he will die.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/19","lines":424},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/18","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/20","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b19-l1","source":"Ἠὼς μὲν κροκόπεπλος ἀπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων","translation":"Saffron-robed Dawn rose from the streams of Oceanus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἠὼς μὲν κροκόπεπλος","title":"Saffron-robed Dawn","body":"κροκόπεπλος joins κρόκος, the saffron crocus and its dye, to πέπλος, a robe. This is a distinct Dawn epithet from Homer's rosy-fingered and early-born formulas, so the English keeps its color and clothing image distinct."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυθ̓","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κροκόπεπλος","lemma":"κροκόπεπλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠὼς","gloss":"saffron-robed"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥοάων","gloss":"Oceanus"},{"surface":"ῥοάων","lemma":"ῥοή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b19-l2","source":"ὄρνυθʼ, ἵνʼ ἀθανάτοισι φόως φέροι ἠδὲ βροτοῖσιν·","translation":"to bring light to immortals and mortals alike;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνυθ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέροι","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"φέροι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν̓","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσιν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"mortals"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b19-l3","source":"ἣ δʼ ἐς νῆας ἵκανε θεοῦ πάρα δῶρα φέρουσα.","translation":"and she came to the ships bearing gifts from the god.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκανε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πάρα","gloss":"the god"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρουσα","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"φέρουσα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἵκανε","gloss":"bearing"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b19-l4","source":"εὗρε δὲ Πατρόκλῳ περικείμενον ὃν φίλον υἱὸν","translation":"She found her dear son clinging around Patroclus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρε","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περικείμενον","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"περικείμενον","lemma":"περίκειμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"clinging around"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b19-l5","source":"κλαίοντα λιγέως· πολέες δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι","translation":"weeping shrilly; and many comrades around him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαίοντα","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"λιγέως","lemma":"λιγέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαίοντα","gloss":"shrilly"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μύρονθ̓","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b19-l6","source":"μύρονθʼ· ἣ δʼ ἐν τοῖσι παρίστατο δῖα θεάων,","translation":"were mourning. She stood among them, the shining one among goddesses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μύρονθ","lemma":"μύρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were mourning"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"παρίστατο","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"goddesses"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b19-l7","source":"ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"she took his hand, and spoke to him, and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε","title":"The hand-taking formula","body":"This recurring line marks intimate direct address through three linked acts: taking the listener's hand, speaking, and calling him by name. Greek leaves the actors' gender to context; here Thetis is the female subject and Achilles the male recipient."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"thereupon"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φῦ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φῦ","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took hold"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φῦ","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b19-l8","source":"τέκνον ἐμὸν τοῦτον μὲν ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ","translation":"\"My child, though we grieve, we must let this man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of κεῖσθαι","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐάσομεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοί","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐάσομεν","gloss":"though grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b19-l9","source":"κεῖσθαι, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα θεῶν ἰότητι δαμάσθη·","translation":"lie, since first he was struck down by the will of the gods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσθαι","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δαμάσθη","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἰότητι","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἰότητι","lemma":"ἰότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δαμάσθη","gloss":"by the will"},{"surface":"δαμάσθη","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"was struck down"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b19-l10","source":"τύνη δʼ Ἡφαίστοιο πάρα κλυτὰ τεύχεα δέξο","translation":"But you, accept the famed armor from Hephaestus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύνη","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέξο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πάρα","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέξο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δέξο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"accept"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b19-l11","source":"καλὰ μάλʼ, οἷʼ οὔ πώ τις ἀνὴρ ὤμοισι φόρησεν.","translation":"very beautiful, such as no man has ever borne upon his shoulders.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φόρησεν","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to φόρησεν","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φόρησεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὤμοισι","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φόρησεν","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"φόρησεν","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"borne"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b19-l12","source":"ὡς ἄρα φωνήσασα θεὰ κατὰ τεύχεʼ ἔθηκε","translation":"So the goddess spoke, and set the armor down","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασα","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔθηκε","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b19-l13","source":"πρόσθεν Ἀχιλλῆος· τὰ δʼ ἀνέβραχε δαίδαλα πάντα.","translation":"before Achilles; and all its cunning work rang aloud.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαίδαλα","title":"Cunning workmanship","body":"δαίδαλα are things intricately and skillfully wrought, especially objects whose craftsmanship inspires wonder. The plural gathers the armor's many elaborate parts and designs into one ringing display of Hephaestus' art."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρόσθεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνέβραχε","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέβραχε","lemma":"ἀνέβραχε","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang aloud"},{"surface":"δαίδαλα","lemma":"δαίδαλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"cunning work"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b19-l14","source":"Μυρμιδόνας δʼ ἄρα πάντας ἕλε τρόμος, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη","translation":"Trembling seized all the Myrmidons, and no one dared","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνας","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρμιδόνας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"τρόμος","lemma":"τρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλη","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"ἔτλη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b19-l15","source":"ἄντην εἰσιδέειν, ἀλλʼ ἔτρεσαν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"look straight at it; they shrank in fear. But Achilles,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσιδέειν","gloss":"straight at"},{"surface":"εἰσιδέειν","lemma":"εἰσείδω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλη","gloss":"look straight at"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτρεσαν","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shrank in fear"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶδ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b19-l16","source":"ὡς εἶδʼ, ὥς μιν μᾶλλον ἔδυ χόλος, ἐν δέ οἱ ὄσσε","translation":"when he saw it, felt anger sink deeper into him, and his eyes","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εἶδ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδυ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδυ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδυ","gloss":"more deeply"},{"surface":"ἔδυ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδυ","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐξεφάανθεν","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b19-l17","source":"δεινὸν ὑπὸ βλεφάρων ὡς εἰ σέλας ἐξεφάανθεν·","translation":"blazed terribly beneath his lids, as though a flame shone out;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς εἰ σέλας ἐξεφάανθεν","title":"As though flame shone out","body":"ὡς εἰ introduces an explicit imagined comparison, not a literal fire in Achilles' eyes. The simile makes the divine armor intensify the wrath already visible in his face."}],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐξεφάανθεν","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"βλεφάρων","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"σέλας","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"ἐξεφάανθεν","lemma":"ἐκφαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blazed out"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b19-l18","source":"τέρπετο δʼ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔχων θεοῦ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα.","translation":"and he rejoiced to hold the god's glorious gifts in his hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέρπετο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσιν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρπετο","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"the god’s"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b19-l19","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσι τετάρπετο δαίδαλα λεύσσων","translation":"But when his heart had taken its delight in gazing on the cunning work,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τετάρπετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"τετάρπετο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had taken delight"},{"surface":"δαίδαλα","lemma":"δαίδαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λεύσσων","gloss":"cunning work"},{"surface":"λεύσσων","lemma":"λεύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τετάρπετο","gloss":"gazing on"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b19-l20","source":"αὐτίκα μητέρα ἣν ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"at once he addressed his mother with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητέρα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b19-l21","source":"μῆτερ ἐμὴ τὰ μὲν ὅπλα θεὸς πόρεν οἷʼ ἐπιεικὲς","translation":"\"My mother, the god has given armor such as it is fitting","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆτερ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐμὴ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆτερ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ὅπλα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅπλα","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πόρεν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πόρεν","gloss":"the god"},{"surface":"πόρεν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has given"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἔμεν","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικὲς","lemma":"ἐπιεικής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔμεν","gloss":"fitting"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b19-l22","source":"ἔργʼ ἔμεν ἀθανάτων, μὴ δὲ βροτὸν ἄνδρα τελέσσαι.","translation":"for immortals to make, not for any mortal man to accomplish.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ἔμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies δὲ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔργ̓","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βροτὸν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τελέσσαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"τελέσσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies δὲ","gloss":"accomplish"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b19-l23","source":"νῦν δʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ θωρήξομαι· ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰνῶς","translation":"Now I shall arm myself; but I fear terribly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θωρήξομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θωρήξομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"θωρήξομαι","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall arm myself"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδω","gloss":"terribly"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b19-l24","source":"δείδω μή μοι τόφρα Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν","translation":"that meanwhile, into the valiant son of Menoetius,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείδω","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγείνωνται","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγγείνωνται","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"Μενοιτίου","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καδδῦσαι","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b19-l25","source":"μυῖαι καδδῦσαι κατὰ χαλκοτύπους ὠτειλὰς","translation":"flies may crawl through the wounds struck by bronze,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l25.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χαλκοτύπους ὠτειλὰς","title":"Wounds struck by bronze","body":"χαλκοτύπους is a concrete compound: these wounds were 'bronze-struck,' made by bronze weapons. Homer keeps the material cause of battlefield injury visible even in Achilles' fear of what will happen to the corpse afterward."}],"words":[{"surface":"μυῖαι","lemma":"μυῖα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐγγείνωνται","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"καδδῦσαι","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐγγείνωνται","gloss":"crawling into"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"χαλκοτύπους","lemma":"χαλκότυπος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὠτειλὰς","gloss":"struck by bronze"},{"surface":"ὠτειλὰς","lemma":"ὠτειλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"wounds"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b19-l26","source":"εὐλὰς ἐγγείνωνται, ἀεικίσσωσι δὲ νεκρόν,","translation":"breed worms, and disfigure the corpse,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐλὰς","lemma":"εὐλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐγγείνωνται","gloss":"worms"},{"surface":"ἐγγείνωνται","lemma":"ἐγγείνωνται","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"breed"},{"surface":"ἀεικίσσωσι","lemma":"ἀεικίζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"disfigure"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεκρόν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀεικίσσωσι","gloss":"corpse"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b19-l27","source":"ἐκ δʼ αἰὼν πέφαται, κατὰ δὲ χρόα πάντα σαπήῃ.","translation":"now that life has been slain out of him, and all his flesh may rot.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰὼν","lemma":"αἰών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέφαται","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"πέφαται","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"has been slain"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σαπήῃ","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"σαπήῃ","lemma":"σήπω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"rot"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b19-l28","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα·","translation":"Then the goddess, silver-footed Thetis, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l28.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα","title":"Silver-footed Thetis","body":"ἀργυρόπεζα, 'silver-footed,' is Thetis' standing epithet, fitting a sea goddess whose feet flash through the water. The complete reply line recurs from Book 18 and keeps its accepted wording here."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζα","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"silver-footed"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b19-l29","source":"τέκνον μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων.","translation":"\"My child, do not let these things trouble your mind.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μελόντων","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μελόντων","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μελόντων","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trouble"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b19-l30","source":"τῷ μὲν ἐγὼ πειρήσω ἀλαλκεῖν ἄγρια φῦλα","translation":"I shall try to keep the savage swarms away from him—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀλαλκεῖν","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πειρήσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πειρήσω","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall try"},{"surface":"ἀλαλκεῖν","lemma":"ἄλαλκε","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of πειρήσω","gloss":"keep away"},{"surface":"ἄγρια","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φῦλα","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"φῦλα","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"swarms"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b19-l31","source":"μυίας, αἵ ῥά τε φῶτας ἀρηϊφάτους κατέδουσιν·","translation":"the flies that devour men slain in battle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l31.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φῶτας ἀρηϊφάτους","title":"Men slain by war","body":"ἀρηΐφατος literally means 'slain by Ares': the war god's name forms part of an adjective for those killed in battle. The word turns battlefield death into the direct work of war personified."}],"words":[{"surface":"μυίας","lemma":"μυῖα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέδουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φῶτας","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατέδουσιν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀρηϊφάτους","lemma":"ἀρείφατος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φῶτας","gloss":"slain in battle"},{"surface":"κατέδουσιν","lemma":"κατέδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μυίας","gloss":"devour"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b19-l32","source":"ἤν περ γὰρ κεῖταί γε τελεσφόρον εἰς ἐνιαυτόν,","translation":"Even if he lies here through a full year's course,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l32.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τελεσφόρον εἰς ἐνιαυτόν","title":"Through a full year's course","body":"τελεσφόρος describes the year as completing or bringing its course to fulfillment. Thetis' promise is deliberately extreme: even a whole completed year will not make Patroclus' flesh decay."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεῖταί","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤν","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τελεσφόρον","lemma":"τελεσφόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτόν","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτόν","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"year"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b19-l33","source":"αἰεὶ τῷ γʼ ἔσται χρὼς ἔμπεδος, ἢ καὶ ἀρείων.","translation":"his flesh will always remain firm, or grow better still.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσται","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will remain"},{"surface":"χρὼς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδος","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀρείων","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b19-l34","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσας ἥρωας Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"But call the Achaean heroes into assembly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"καλέσας","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσεο","gloss":"having called"},{"surface":"ἥρωας","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καλέσας","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b19-l35","source":"μῆνιν ἀποειπὼν Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν","translation":"renounce your wrath against Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l35.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῆνιν ἀποειπὼν","title":"Renouncing the wrath","body":"μῆνις is the exceptional wrath announced in the Iliad's first word. ἀποειπών means disavowing or formally renouncing it: Thetis urges a public end to the poem's central rupture, not a claim that its causes never mattered."}],"words":[{"surface":"μῆνιν","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποειπὼν","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"ἀποειπὼν","lemma":"ἀπεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσεο","gloss":"renounce"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποειπὼν","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b19-l36","source":"αἶψα μάλʼ ἐς πόλεμον θωρήσσεο, δύσεο δʼ ἀλκήν.","translation":"arm yourself swiftly for war, and clothe yourself in valor.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσεο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"θωρήσσεο","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arm yourself"},{"surface":"δύσεο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clothe yourself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλκήν","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δύσεο","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b19-l37","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα μένος πολυθαρσὲς ἐνῆκε,","translation":"So she spoke and breathed high courage into him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασα","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐνῆκε","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνῆκε","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"πολυθαρσὲς","lemma":"πολυθαρσής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ἐνῆκε","lemma":"ἐνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"breathed into"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b19-l38","source":"Πατρόκλῳ δʼ αὖτʼ ἀμβροσίην καὶ νέκταρ ἐρυθρὸν","translation":"then into Patroclus she poured ambrosia and red nectar,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of στάξε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίην","lemma":"ἀμβροσίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ambrosia"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέκταρ","lemma":"νέκταρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"nectar"},{"surface":"ἐρυθρὸν","lemma":"ἐρυθρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέκταρ","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b19-l39","source":"στάξε κατὰ ῥινῶν, ἵνα οἱ χρὼς ἔμπεδος εἴη.","translation":"dripping them through his nostrils, so that his flesh might remain firm.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στάξε","lemma":"στάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ῥινῶν","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"nostrils"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴη","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"χρὼς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδος","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might remain"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b19-l40","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ παρὰ θῖνα θαλάσσης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"Then godlike Achilles went along the shore of the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"θῖνα","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖνα","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b19-l41","source":"σμερδαλέα ἰάχων, ὦρσεν δʼ ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"shouting terribly, and roused the Achaean heroes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέα","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰάχων","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ἰάχων","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"ὦρσεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥρωας","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b19-l42","source":"καί ῥʼ οἵ περ τὸ πάρος γε νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι μένεσκον","translation":"Even those who before had always stayed at the ships' gathering—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μένεσκον","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένεσκον","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγῶνι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"μένεσκον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἳ","gloss":"stayed"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b19-l43","source":"οἵ τε κυβερνῆται καὶ ἔχον οἰήϊα νηῶν","translation":"the pilots and those who held the ships' steering oars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυβερνῆται","lemma":"κυβερνήτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pilots"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"οἰήϊα","lemma":"οἰήιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"steering oars"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies οἰήϊα","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b19-l44","source":"καὶ ταμίαι παρὰ νηυσὶν ἔσαν σίτοιο δοτῆρες,","translation":"and the stewards beside the ships, dispensers of provisions—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταμίαι","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stewards"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"σίτοιο","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δοτῆρες","gloss":"provisions"},{"surface":"δοτῆρες","lemma":"δοτήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ταμίαι","gloss":"dispensers"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b19-l45","source":"καὶ μὴν οἳ τότε γʼ εἰς ἀγορὴν ἴσαν, οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"even they now went to the assembly, because Achilles","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μὴν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴσαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξεφάνη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b19-l46","source":"ἐξεφάνη, δηρὸν δὲ μάχης ἐπέπαυτʼ ἀλεγεινῆς.","translation":"had appeared after holding back so long from grievous battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξεφάνη","lemma":"ἐκφαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπέπαυτ̓","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέπαυτ̓","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐπέπαυτ","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"had held back"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινῆς","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b19-l47","source":"τὼ δὲ δύω σκάζοντε βάτην Ἄρεος θεράποντε","translation":"The two came limping, both henchmen of Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l47.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ δὲ δύω σκάζοντε βάτην","title":"A pair marked in the dual","body":"τὼ, δύω, σκάζοντε, and βάτην all mark a pair; the participle and verb use Greek's dual number for exactly two. The grammar binds wounded Diomedes and Odysseus together as they limp into the assembly."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine article","role":"modifies θεράποντε","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies θεράποντε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"σκάζοντε","lemma":"σκάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βάτην","gloss":"limping"},{"surface":"βάτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Ἄρεος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντε","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"θεράποντε","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"henchmen"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b19-l48","source":"Τυδεΐδης τε μενεπτόλεμος καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"the steadfast-in-battle son of Tydeus and godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μενεπτόλεμος","lemma":"μενεπτόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδεΐδης","gloss":"steadfast in battle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b19-l49","source":"ἔγχει ἐρειδομένω· ἔτι γὰρ ἔχον ἕλκεα λυγρά·","translation":"leaning on their spears, for they still had grievous wounds;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχει","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρειδομένω","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἐρειδομένω","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βάτην","gloss":"leaning on"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ἕλκεα","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"λυγρά","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕλκεα","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b19-l50","source":"κὰδ δὲ μετὰ πρώτῃ ἀγορῇ ἵζοντο κιόντες.","translation":"and they came and sat down in the foremost place of assembly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρώτῃ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορῇ","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"ἵζοντο","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"κιόντες","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵζοντο","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b19-l51","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ δεύτατος ἦλθεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"Last came Agamemnon, lord of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δεύτατος","lemma":"δεύτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b19-l52","source":"ἕλκος ἔχων· καὶ γὰρ τὸν ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ","translation":"bearing his wound; for in the mighty combat","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οὖτα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερῇ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b19-l53","source":"οὖτα Κόων Ἀντηνορίδης χαλκήρεϊ δουρί.","translation":"Coon, son of Antenor, had stabbed him with a bronze-shod spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"Κόων","lemma":"Κόων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὖτα","gloss":"Coon"},{"surface":"Ἀντηνορίδης","lemma":"Ἀντηνορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Κόων","gloss":"son of Antenor"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεϊ","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρί","gloss":"bronze-shod"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὖτα","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b19-l54","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντες ἀολλίσθησαν Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"But when all the Achaeans had gathered together,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀολλίσθησαν","lemma":"ἀολλίζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"gathered together"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀολλίσθησαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b19-l55","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἀνιστάμενος μετέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"swift-footed Achilles rose among them and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνιστάμενος","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετέφη","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b19-l56","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη ἦ ἄρ τι τόδʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἄρειον","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, was this, then, better for us both,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"for us both"},{"surface":"ἄρειον","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b19-l57","source":"ἔπλετο σοὶ καὶ ἐμοί, ὅ τε νῶΐ περ ἀχνυμένω κῆρ","translation":"for you and me, when the two of us, grieving at heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῶΐ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μενεήναμεν","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἀχνυμένω","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to μενεήναμεν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀχνυμένω","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b19-l58","source":"θυμοβόρῳ ἔριδι μενεήναμεν εἵνεκα κούρης;","translation":"raged in heart-devouring strife for the sake of a girl?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l58.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θυμοβόρῳ ἔριδι","title":"Heart-devouring strife","body":"θυμοβόρος is literally 'heart-devouring' or 'spirit-eating.' Achilles gives the quarrel an appetite of its own: it consumes the inner life of both men while its outward cost falls on the army."}],"words":[{"surface":"θυμοβόρῳ","lemma":"θυμοβόρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔριδι","gloss":"heart-devouring"},{"surface":"ἔριδι","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μενεήναμεν","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"μενεήναμεν","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅ","gloss":"raged"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κούρης","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"girl"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b19-l59","source":"τὴν ὄφελʼ ἐν νήεσσι κατακτάμεν Ἄρτεμις ἰῷ","translation":"I wish Artemis had killed her beside the ships with an arrow","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κατακτάμεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ὄφελ","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κατακτάμεν","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελ̓","gloss":"had killed"},{"surface":"Ἄρτεμις","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὄφελ̓","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατακτάμεν","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b19-l60","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἐγὼν ἑλόμην Λυρνησσὸν ὀλέσσας·","translation":"on the day I took her after destroying Lyrnessus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατακτάμεν","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑλόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἑλόμην","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτ̓","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"Λυρνησσὸν","lemma":"Λυρνησσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσσας","gloss":"Lyrnessus"},{"surface":"ὀλέσσας","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑλόμην","gloss":"destroying"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b19-l61","source":"τώ κʼ οὐ τόσσοι Ἀχαιοὶ ὀδὰξ ἕλον ἄσπετον οὖδας","translation":"Then not so many Achaeans would have bitten the boundless earth","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l61.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀδὰξ ἕλον ἄσπετον οὖδας","title":"Biting the earth","body":"The dead 'take the earth in their teeth,' a stark Homeric image for falling face-down in death. English 'bitten the earth' keeps the body's contact with the ground rather than replacing it with an abstract statement that they died."}],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τόσσοι","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕλον","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"ὀδὰξ","lemma":"ὀδάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλον","gloss":"with teeth"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"ἄσπετον","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies οὖδας","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"οὖδας","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b19-l62","source":"δυσμενέων ὑπὸ χερσὶν ἐμεῦ ἀπομηνίσαντος.","translation":"beneath our enemies' hands while I held back in wrath.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δυσμενέων","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"enemies"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπομηνίσαντος","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀπομηνίσαντος","lemma":"ἀπομηνίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλον","gloss":"holding back in wrath"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b19-l63","source":"Ἕκτορι μὲν καὶ Τρωσὶ τὸ κέρδιον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"For Hector and the Trojans it was the better course; but the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies κέρδιον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μνήσεσθαι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b19-l64","source":"δηρὸν ἐμῆς καὶ σῆς ἔριδος μνήσεσθαι ὀΐω.","translation":"I think, will long remember the strife between you and me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μνήσεσθαι","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σῆς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσεσθαι","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"μνήσεσθαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b19-l65","source":"ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ","translation":"But let us leave those things accomplished, though we grieve,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of προτετύχθαι","gloss":"those things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προτετύχθαι","lemma":"προτεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"already accomplished"},{"surface":"ἐάσομεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us leave"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοί","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐάσομεν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b19-l66","source":"θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλον δαμάσαντες ἀνάγκῃ·","translation":"mastering the dear heart in our breasts by force.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δαμάσαντες","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δαμάσαντες","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐάσομεν","gloss":"mastering"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δαμάσαντες","gloss":"by force"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b19-l67","source":"νῦν δʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ παύω χόλον, οὐδέ τί με χρὴ","translation":"Now I put an end to my anger; I must not","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παύω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παύω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"παύω","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put an end"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύω","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μενεαινέμεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"must"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b19-l68","source":"ἀσκελέως αἰεὶ μενεαινέμεν· ἀλλʼ ἄγε θᾶσσον","translation":"rage without cease forever. Come, quickly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσκελέως","lemma":"ἀσκελής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενεαινέμεν","gloss":"without cease"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενεαινέμεν","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"μενεαινέμεν","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of χρὴ","gloss":"rage"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"θᾶσσον","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνον","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b19-l69","source":"ὄτρυνον πόλεμον δὲ κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"rouse the long-haired Achaeans to war,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄτρυνον","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνον","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντας","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"κομόωντας","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὄτρυνον","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b19-l70","source":"ὄφρʼ ἔτι καὶ Τρώων πειρήσομαι ἀντίον ἐλθὼν","translation":"so that I may yet go against the Trojans and test them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πειρήσομαι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"object of πειρήσομαι","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"πειρήσομαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐλθὼν","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πειρήσομαι","gloss":"having gone"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b19-l71","source":"αἴ κʼ ἐθέλωσʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἰαύειν· ἀλλά τινʼ οἴω","translation":"whether they still wish to sleep beside the ships. But I think one of them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐθέλωσ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἰαύειν","lemma":"ἰαύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλωσ̓","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάμψειν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"οἴω","lemma":"ὀίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b19-l72","source":"ἀσπασίως αὐτῶν γόνυ κάμψειν, ὅς κε φύγῃσι","translation":"will gladly bend his knee to rest, if he escapes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπασίως","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάμψειν","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"γόνυ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κάμψειν","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"κάμψειν","lemma":"κάμπτω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of οἴω","gloss":"bend"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φύγῃσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φύγῃσι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τιν̓","gloss":"escapes"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b19-l73","source":"δηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο ὑπʼ ἔγχεος ἡμετέροιο.","translation":"from destructive war beneath our spear.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηΐου","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"destructive"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροιο","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεος","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b19-l74","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἐχάρησαν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"So he spoke, and the well-greaved Achaeans rejoiced","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐχάρησαν","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐχάρησαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b19-l75","source":"μῆνιν ἀπειπόντος μεγαθύμου Πηλεΐωνος.","translation":"because the great-hearted son of Peleus had renounced his wrath.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆνιν","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπειπόντος","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"ἀπειπόντος","lemma":"ἀπεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχάρησαν","gloss":"having renounced"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνος","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπειπόντος","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b19-l76","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"Then among them spoke Agamemnon, lord of men:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπεν","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b19-l77","source":"αὐτόθεν ἐξ ἕδρης, οὐδʼ ἐν μέσσοισιν ἀναστάς·","translation":"from where he sat, without rising in their midst:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόθεν","lemma":"αὐτόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἕδρης","lemma":"ἕδρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσοισιν","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"their midst"},{"surface":"ἀναστάς","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"rising"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b19-l78","source":"ὦ φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος","translation":"\"Friends, hero Danaans, henchmen of Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l78.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεράποντες Ἄρηος","title":"Henchmen of Ares","body":"θεράποντες are attendants or close companions; joined to Ares, the phrase casts the assembled heroes as men in the war god's service. The whole line is a recurring address and returns in its accepted wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωες","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"ἥρωες","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἥρωες","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἥρωες","gloss":"henchmen"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b19-l79","source":"ἑσταότος μὲν καλὸν ἀκούειν, οὐδὲ ἔοικεν","translation":"it is right to listen when a man stands to speak, and it is not fitting","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of ἀκούειν","gloss":"when one stands"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἀκούειν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"ἔοικεν","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be fitting"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b19-l80","source":"ὑββάλλειν· χαλεπὸν γὰρ ἐπισταμένῳ περ ἐόντι.","translation":"to interrupt him; it is hard even for one who knows his craft.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l80.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑββάλλειν","title":"Breaking in on a speaker","body":"ὑββάλλειν means throwing words in underneath another speaker—interrupting or heckling him before he can finish. Agamemnon begins his defense by demanding the ordered hearing an assembly owes its speaker."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὑββάλλειν","lemma":"ὑποβάλλω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔοικεν","gloss":"interrupt"},{"surface":"χαλεπὸν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένῳ","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"one who knows"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐόντι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b19-l81","source":"ἀνδρῶν δʼ ἐν πολλῷ ὁμάδῳ πῶς κέν τις ἀκούσαι","translation":"In the great clamor of men, how could anyone hear","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὁμάδῳ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολλῷ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὁμάδῳ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὁμάδῳ","lemma":"ὅμαδος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"clamor"},{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀκούσαι","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b19-l82","source":"ἢ εἴποι; βλάβεται δὲ λιγύς περ ἐὼν ἀγορητής.","translation":"or speak? Even a clear-voiced orator is hindered.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"εἴποι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"βλάβεται","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is hindered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λιγύς","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορητής","gloss":"clear-toned"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βλάβεται","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἀγορητής","lemma":"ἀγορητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"orator"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b19-l83","source":"Πηλεΐδῃ μὲν ἐγὼν ἐνδείξομαι· αὐτὰρ οἱ ἄλλοι","translation":"I shall explain myself to the son of Peleus; but you others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδῃ","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνδείξομαι","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνδείξομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐνδείξομαι","lemma":"ἐνδείκνυμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"explain"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀργεῖοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργεῖοι","gloss":"the others"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b19-l84","source":"σύνθεσθʼ Ἀργεῖοι, μῦθόν τʼ εὖ γνῶτε ἕκαστος.","translation":"pay heed, Argives, and each understand my words well.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύνθεσθ","lemma":"συντίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pay heed"},{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of σύνθεσθ̓","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"μῦθόν","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γνῶτε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνῶτε","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"γνῶτε","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b19-l85","source":"πολλάκι δή μοι τοῦτον Ἀχαιοὶ μῦθον ἔειπον","translation":"Often the Achaeans have spoken this charge to me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλάκι","lemma":"πολλάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπον","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"this charge"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τέ","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπον","gloss":"charge"},{"surface":"ἔειπον","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have spoken"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b19-l86","source":"καί τέ με νεικείεσκον· ἐγὼ δʼ οὐκ αἴτιός εἰμι,","translation":"and reproached me; but I am not to blame.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεικείεσκον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"νεικείεσκον","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reproached"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"αἴτιός","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to blame"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b19-l87","source":"ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς καὶ Μοῖρα καὶ ἠεροφοῖτις Ἐρινύς,","translation":"It was Zeus and Fate and the Erinys who walks in darkness,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Fate"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠεροφοῖτις","lemma":"ἠεροφοῖτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐρινύς","gloss":"walking in darkness"},{"surface":"Ἐρινύς","lemma":"Ἐρινύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Erinys"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b19-l88","source":"οἵ τέ μοι εἰν ἀγορῇ φρεσὶν ἔμβαλον ἄγριον ἄτην,","translation":"who in assembly cast savage delusion into my mind","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l88.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄγριον ἄτην","title":"Savage delusion","body":"ἄτη is a ruinous blinding or delusion that drives someone into disastrous action; it can name both the condition and, as the speech soon does, a divine personification. 'Savage' preserves ἄγριον, Agamemnon's description of its violence within his mind."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμβαλον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔμβαλον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλον","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλον","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἄγριον","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄτην","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"ἄτην","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλον","gloss":"delusion"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b19-l89","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ Ἀχιλλῆος γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπηύρων.","translation":"on the day I myself took Achilles' prize from him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔμβαλον","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἤματι","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"Achilles’"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρων","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρων","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτ̓","gloss":"took"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b19-l90","source":"ἀλλὰ τί κεν ῥέξαιμι; θεὸς διὰ πάντα τελευτᾷ.","translation":"But what could I have done? A god brings all things to fulfillment.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξαιμι","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ῥέξαιμι","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could I do"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τελευτᾷ","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τελευτᾷ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τελευτᾷ","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fulfills"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b19-l91","source":"πρέσβα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἄτη, ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται,","translation":"Ate is the eldest daughter of Zeus, who blinds everyone,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρέσβα","lemma":"πρέσβα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"eldest"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἄτη","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ate"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀᾶται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀᾶται","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀᾶται","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἄτη","gloss":"blinds"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b19-l92","source":"οὐλομένη· τῇ μέν θʼ ἁπαλοὶ πόδες· οὐ γὰρ ἐπʼ οὔδει","translation":"accursed. Her feet are delicate; for she does not tread","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l92.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἁπαλοὶ πόδες","title":"Ate's delicate feet","body":"Ate's feet are 'delicate' because they never touch the hard ground. The image is not praise of beauty: it makes her unseen and evasive as she passes over human heads to trip them into error."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐλομένη","lemma":"οὐλόμενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄτη","gloss":"accursed"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies πόδες","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁπαλοὶ","lemma":"ἁπαλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"delicate"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"οὔδει","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b19-l93","source":"πίλναται, ἀλλʼ ἄρα ἥ γε κατʼ ἀνδρῶν κράατα βαίνει","translation":"upon the ground, but walks over the heads of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πίλναται","lemma":"πιλνάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"treads"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of βαίνει","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κράατα","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κράατα","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"βαίνει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"walks"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b19-l94","source":"βλάπτουσʼ ἀνθρώπους· κατὰ δʼ οὖν ἕτερόν γε πέδησε.","translation":"bringing them harm; and at one time or another she ensnares each one.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βλάπτουσ","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βαίνει","gloss":"harming"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βλάπτουσ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἕτερόν","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of πέδησε","gloss":"one or another"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πέδησε","lemma":"πεδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ensnares"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b19-l95","source":"καὶ γὰρ δή νύ ποτε Ζεὺς ἄσατο, τόν περ ἄριστον","translation":"For once, indeed, Zeus too was blinded, though they say he is greatest","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄσατο","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἄσατο","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄσατο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄσατο","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was blinded"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b19-l96","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ θεῶν φασʼ ἔμμεναι· ἀλλʼ ἄρα καὶ τὸν","translation":"of gods and men; yet even him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"φασ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζεὺς","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασ̓","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπάτησεν","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b19-l97","source":"Ἥρη θῆλυς ἐοῦσα δολοφροσύνῃς ἀπάτησεν,","translation":"Hera, though a woman, deceived through her cunning","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπάτησεν","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"θῆλυς","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπάτησεν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"δολοφροσύνῃς","lemma":"δολοφροσύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάτησεν","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"ἀπάτησεν","lemma":"ἀπατάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"deceived"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b19-l98","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἔμελλε βίην Ἡρακληείην","translation":"on the day when the mighty Heracles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάτησεν","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἔμελλε","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτ̓","gloss":"was destined"},{"surface":"βίην","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τέξεσθαι","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἡρακληείην","lemma":"Ἡράκλειος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίην","gloss":"Heracles"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b19-l99","source":"Ἀλκμήνη τέξεσθαι ἐϋστεφάνῳ ἐνὶ Θήβῃ.","translation":"was to be born of Alcmene in well-crowned Thebes.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l99.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐϋστεφάνῳ ἐνὶ Θήβῃ","title":"Well-crowned Thebes","body":"ἐϋστέφανος, 'well-crowned,' pictures the city's encircling walls like a crown. This is the Greek Thebes associated with Alcmene and Heracles, not the several Trojan-region towns named Thebe elsewhere in the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκμήνη","lemma":"Ἀλκμήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμελλε","gloss":"Alcmene"},{"surface":"τέξεσθαι","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλε","gloss":"to bear"},{"surface":"ἐϋστεφάνῳ","lemma":"εὐστέφανος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θήβῃ","gloss":"well-crowned"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Θήβῃ","lemma":"Θήβη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Thebes"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b19-l100","source":"ἤτοι ὅ γʼ εὐχόμενος μετέφη πάντεσσι θεοῖσι·","translation":"Then Zeus spoke boastfully among all the gods:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετέφη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετέφη","gloss":"boasting"},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b19-l101","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ πάντές τε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι,","translation":"\"Hear me, all you gods and all you goddesses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πάντές","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"πᾶσαί","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"vocative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θέαιναι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέαιναι","lemma":"θέαινα","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddesses"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b19-l102","source":"ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀνώγει.","translation":"that I may speak what the heart in my breast commands.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b19-l103","source":"σήμερον ἄνδρα φόως δὲ μογοστόκος Εἰλείθυια","translation":"Today Eileithyia, bringer of labor pains, shall bring a man into the light","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σήμερον","lemma":"σήμερον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκφανεῖ","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκφανεῖ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκφανεῖ","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μογοστόκος","lemma":"μογοστόκος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Εἰλείθυια","gloss":"bringer of labor pains"},{"surface":"Εἰλείθυια","lemma":"Εἰλείθυια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκφανεῖ","gloss":"Eileithyia"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b19-l104","source":"ἐκφανεῖ, ὃς πάντεσσι περικτιόνεσσιν ἀνάξει,","translation":"who shall rule over all those dwelling around him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκφανεῖ","lemma":"ἐκφαίνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall bring forth"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάξει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies περικτιόνεσσιν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"περικτιόνεσσιν","lemma":"περικτίονες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνάξει","gloss":"those dwelling around"},{"surface":"ἀνάξει","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄνδρα","gloss":"shall rule"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b19-l105","source":"τῶν ἀνδρῶν γενεῆς οἵ θʼ αἵματος ἐξ ἐμεῦ εἰσί.","translation":"of the race of men who spring from my blood.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γενεῆς","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"γενεῆς","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσί","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματος","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εἰσί","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἰσί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b19-l106","source":"τὸν δὲ δολοφρονέουσα προσηύδα πότνια Ἥρη·","translation":"Then queenly Hera, planning deception, addressed him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δολοφρονέουσα","lemma":"δολοφρονέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"planning deception"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b19-l107","source":"ψευστήσεις, οὐδʼ αὖτε τέλος μύθῳ ἐπιθήσεις.","translation":"\"You will prove false and never bring your word to fulfillment.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψευστήσεις","lemma":"ψευστέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prove false"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιθήσεις","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιθήσεις","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιθήσεις","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"ἐπιθήσεις","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring to fulfillment"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b19-l108","source":"εἰ δʼ ἄγε νῦν μοι ὄμοσσον Ὀλύμπιε καρτερὸν ὅρκον,","translation":"Come now, Olympian, swear me a mighty oath:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄμοσσον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὄμοσσον","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ὄμοσσον","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swear"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιε","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"καρτερὸν","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"oath"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b19-l109","source":"ἦ μὲν τὸν πάντεσσι περικτιόνεσσιν ἀνάξειν","translation":"that the man who on this very day","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάξειν","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies περικτιόνεσσιν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"περικτιόνεσσιν","lemma":"περικτίονες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνάξειν","gloss":"those dwelling around"},{"surface":"ἀνάξειν","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"rule"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b19-l110","source":"ὅς κεν ἐπʼ ἤματι τῷδε πέσῃ μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικὸς","translation":"falls between a woman's feet shall rule over all those dwelling around him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l110.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πέσῃ μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικὸς","title":"Falling between a woman's feet","body":"The phrase is a physical periphrasis for birth: the child 'falls' or comes forth between the mother's feet. Hera repeats Zeus' promise while quietly making the day's timing, rather than the identity of the expected child, control the oath."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέσῃ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"πέσῃ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"falls"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"γυναικὸς","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"a woman"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b19-l111","source":"τῶν ἀνδρῶν οἳ σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης.","translation":"of the men who belong to the blood of your lineage.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τὸν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σῆς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γενέθλης","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αἵματός","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"belong"},{"surface":"γενέθλης","lemma":"γενέθλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies αἵματός","gloss":"lineage"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b19-l112","source":"ὣς ἔφατο· Ζεὺς δʼ οὔ τι δολοφροσύνην ἐνόησεν,","translation":"So she spoke. Zeus did not perceive her cunning,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησεν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"δολοφροσύνην","lemma":"δολοφροσύνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perceived"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b19-l113","source":"ἀλλʼ ὄμοσεν μέγαν ὅρκον, ἔπειτα δὲ πολλὸν ἀάσθη.","translation":"but swore the mighty oath, and afterward was blinded greatly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὄμοσεν","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swore"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄμοσεν","gloss":"oath"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀάσθη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀάσθη","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἀάσθη","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was blinded"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b19-l114","source":"Ἥρη δʼ ἀΐξασα λίπεν ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο,","translation":"while Hera darted away and left the ridge of Olympus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λίπεν","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀΐξασα","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to λίπεν","gloss":"darting away"},{"surface":"λίπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ῥίον","lemma":"ῥίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λίπεν","gloss":"ridge"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥίον","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b19-l115","source":"καρπαλίμως δʼ ἵκετʼ Ἄργος Ἀχαιικόν, ἔνθʼ ἄρα ᾔδη","translation":"Swiftly she reached Achaean Argos, where she knew","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκετ̓","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"Ἄργος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετ̓","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιικόν","lemma":"Ἀχαιικός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργος","gloss":"Achaean"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾔδη","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἄργος","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b19-l116","source":"ἰφθίμην ἄλοχον Σθενέλου Περσηϊάδαο.","translation":"the strong wife of Sthenelus, son of Perseus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰφθίμην","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἄλοχον","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ᾔδη","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"Σθενέλου","lemma":"Σθένελος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"Sthenelus"},{"surface":"Περσηϊάδαο","lemma":"Περσηιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σθενέλου","gloss":"son of Perseus"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b19-l117","source":"ἣ δʼ ἐκύει φίλον υἱόν, ὃ δʼ ἕβδομος ἑστήκει μείς·","translation":"She was pregnant with a dear son, and the seventh month had come;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l117.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἕβδομος ἑστήκει μείς","title":"The seventh month had come","body":"Homer says that the seventh month 'stood' or had arrived. The phrase establishes the pregnancy's stage before Hera forces the premature birth."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκύει","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκύει","lemma":"κυέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was pregnant"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκύει","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μείς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕβδομος","lemma":"ἕβδομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μείς","gloss":"seventh"},{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"μείς","lemma":"μείς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑστήκει","gloss":"month"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b19-l118","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἄγαγε πρὸ φόως δὲ καὶ ἠλιτόμηνον ἐόντα,","translation":"Hera brought him out into the light though he was born before his term,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l118.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠλιτόμηνον","title":"Born before the due month","body":"ἠλιτόμηνος describes a child who has missed the proper month—premature. Hera accelerates Eurystheus' birth so that he, not Heracles, satisfies Zeus' oath first."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγαγε","gloss":"forth"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγαγε","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἠλιτόμηνον","lemma":"ἠλιτόμηνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"premature"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b19-l119","source":"Ἀλκμήνης δʼ ἀπέπαυσε τόκον, σχέθε δʼ Εἰλειθυίας.","translation":"but stopped Alcmene's labor and held back the Eileithyiae.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκμήνης","lemma":"Ἀλκμήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τόκον","gloss":"Alcmene"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπέπαυσε","lemma":"ἀποπαύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"τόκον","lemma":"τόκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπέπαυσε","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"σχέθε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εἰλειθυίας","lemma":"Εἰλείθυια","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of σχέθε","gloss":"Eileithyiae"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b19-l120","source":"αὐτὴ δʼ ἀγγελέουσα Δία Κρονίωνα προσηύδα·","translation":"Then she herself brought the news and addressed Zeus, son of Cronos:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγγελέουσα","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"bringing news"},{"surface":"Δία","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνα","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δία","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b19-l121","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ ἀργικέραυνε ἔπος τί τοι ἐν φρεσὶ θήσω·","translation":"\"Father Zeus of the bright lightning, I shall set a word in your mind:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l121.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀργικέραυνε","title":"Zeus of the bright lightning","body":"ἀργικέραυνος combines the brightness or whiteness of lightning with Zeus' thunderbolt. Hera invokes his sky power at the moment she announces that his own oath has trapped him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀργικέραυνε","lemma":"ἀργικέραυνος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"of bright lightning"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θήσω","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"θήσω","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b19-l122","source":"ἤδη ἀνὴρ γέγονʼ ἐσθλὸς ὃς Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάξει","translation":"already a noble man has been born who shall rule the Argives—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γέγον̓","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"γέγον","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been born"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάξει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνάξει","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"ἀνάξει","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"shall rule"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b19-l123","source":"Εὐρυσθεὺς Σθενέλοιο πάϊς Περσηϊάδαο","translation":"Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus, son of Perseus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρυσθεὺς","lemma":"Εὐρυσθεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurystheus"},{"surface":"Σθενέλοιο","lemma":"Σθένελος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Sthenelus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρυσθεὺς","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Περσηϊάδαο","lemma":"Περσηιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σθενέλοιο","gloss":"son of Perseus"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b19-l124","source":"σὸν γένος· οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀνασσέμεν Ἀργείοισιν.","translation":"your own lineage. It is not unfit for him to rule the Argives.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γένος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies Εὐρυσθεὺς","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἀεικὲς","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unfit"},{"surface":"ἀνασσέμεν","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"rule"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνασσέμεν","gloss":"Argives"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b19-l125","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἄχος ὀξὺ κατὰ φρένα τύψε βαθεῖαν·","translation":"So she spoke, and sharp grief struck him deep in the heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τύψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τύψε","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"τύψε","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"βαθεῖαν","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένα","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b19-l126","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ εἷλʼ Ἄτην κεφαλῆς λιπαροπλοκάμοιο","translation":"At once he seized Ate by her glossy-haired head,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l126.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κεφαλῆς λιπαροπλοκάμοιο","title":"Ate's glossy hair","body":"λιπαροπλόκαμος means 'with glossy or lustrous locks.' Zeus grips the personified power of delusion by that hair before hurling her from heaven, turning an abstraction into a violently handled divine body."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἷλ̓","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἷλ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"Ἄτην","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἷλ̓","gloss":"Ate"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἷλ̓","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"λιπαροπλοκάμοιο","lemma":"λιπαροπλόκαμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"glossy-haired"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b19-l127","source":"χωόμενος φρεσὶν ᾗσι, καὶ ὤμοσε καρτερὸν ὅρκον","translation":"angry in his heart, and swore a mighty oath","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷλ̓","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to χωόμενος","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμοσε","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swore"},{"surface":"καρτερὸν","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὤμοσε","gloss":"oath"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b19-l128","source":"μή ποτʼ ἐς Οὔλυμπόν τε καὶ οὐρανὸν ἀστερόεντα","translation":"that never again to Olympus and starry heaven","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπόν","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἀστερόεντα","lemma":"ἀστερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"starry"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b19-l129","source":"αὖτις ἐλεύσεσθαι Ἄτην, ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται.","translation":"would Ate return, she who blinds everyone.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὤμοσε","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"Ἄτην","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"Ate"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀᾶται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀᾶται","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀᾶται","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἄτην","gloss":"blinds"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b19-l130","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἔρριψεν ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος","translation":"So he spoke and hurled her from starry heaven,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρριψεν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἔρριψεν","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὐρανοῦ","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἀστερόεντος","lemma":"ἀστερόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανοῦ","gloss":"starry"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b19-l131","source":"χειρὶ περιστρέψας· τάχα δʼ ἵκετο ἔργʼ ἀνθρώπων.","translation":"whirling her in his hand; and swiftly she reached the works of men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περιστρέψας","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"περιστρέψας","lemma":"περιστρέφω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρριψεν","gloss":"whirling"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἔργ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔργ̓","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b19-l132","source":"τὴν αἰεὶ στενάχεσχʼ ὅθʼ ἑὸν φίλον υἱὸν ὁρῷτο","translation":"He would always groan over her whenever he saw his dear son","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of στενάχεσχ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στενάχεσχ̓","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"στενάχεσχ","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would groan"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρῷτο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὁρῷτο","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅθ̓","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b19-l133","source":"ἔργον ἀεικὲς ἔχοντα ὑπʼ Εὐρυσθῆος ἀέθλων.","translation":"bearing the shameful burden of the labors imposed by Eurystheus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"burden"},{"surface":"ἀεικὲς","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"Εὐρυσθῆος","lemma":"Εὐρυσθεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀέθλων","gloss":"Eurystheus"},{"surface":"ἀέθλων","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"labors"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b19-l134","source":"ὣς καὶ ἐγών, ὅτε δʼ αὖτε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"So too with me: whenever great Hector of the flashing helm","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δυνάμην","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἐγών","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δυνάμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέκεσκεν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀλέκεσκεν","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b19-l135","source":"Ἀργείους ὀλέκεσκεν ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσιν,","translation":"kept killing Argives beside the ships' sterns,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀλέκεσκεν","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"ὀλέκεσκεν","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"kept killing"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πρυμνῇσι","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέεσσιν","gloss":"sterns"},{"surface":"νέεσσιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b19-l136","source":"οὐ δυνάμην λελαθέσθʼ Ἄτης ᾗ πρῶτον ἀάσθην.","translation":"I could not forget Ate, by whom I was first blinded.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δυνάμην","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"λελαθέσθ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δυνάμην","gloss":"forget"},{"surface":"Ἄτης","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λελαθέσθ̓","gloss":"Ate"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀάσθην","gloss":"by whom"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀάσθην","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀάσθην","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἄτης","gloss":"was blinded"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b19-l137","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ ἀασάμην καί μευ φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς,","translation":"But since I was blinded and Zeus took away my wits,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἀασάμην","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"was blinded"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξέλετο","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξέλετο","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐξέλετο","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"took away"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέλετο","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b19-l138","source":"ἂψ ἐθέλω ἀρέσαι, δόμεναί τʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα·","translation":"I wish to make amends again and give boundless ransom.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀρέσαι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"ἀρέσαι","lemma":"ἀρέσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"make 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of παρασχέμεν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"παρασχέμεν","lemma":"παρέχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shall provide"},{"surface":"ὅσσά","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὑπέσχετο","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine 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clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπέσχετο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b19-l142","source":"εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις, ἐπίμεινον ἐπειγόμενός περ Ἄρηος,","translation":"If you wish, wait, though eager for battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"ἐπίμεινον","lemma":"ἐπιμένω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενός","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπίμεινον","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπειγόμενός","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b19-l143","source":"δῶρα δέ τοι θεράποντες ἐμῆς παρὰ νηὸς ἑλόντες","translation":"and my attendants shall take the gifts from beside my ship","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἴσουσ̓","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οἴσουσ̓","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of οἴσουσ̓","gloss":"attendants"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴσουσ̓","gloss":"taking"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b19-l144","source":"οἴσουσʼ, ὄφρα ἴδηαι ὅ τοι μενοεικέα δώσω.","translation":"and bring them, so you may see that what I give will please you.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴσουσ","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall bring"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἴδηαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"you may see"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"μενοεικέα","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"I give"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b19-l145","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed Achilles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main 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particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"παρασχέμεν","lemma":"παρέχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἤ","gloss":"provide"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικές","lemma":"ἐπιεικής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fitting"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b19-l148","source":"ἤ τʼ ἐχέμεν παρὰ σοί· νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα χάρμης","translation":"or keep them with you. But now let us remember battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐχέμεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἤ","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μνησώμεθα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μνησώμεθα","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main 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verb","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"κλοτοπεύειν","lemma":"κλοτοπεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"deal in evasions"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντας","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κλοτοπεύειν","gloss":"standing"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b19-l150","source":"οὐδὲ διατρίβειν· ἔτι γὰρ μέγα ἔργον ἄρεκτον·","translation":"or waste time, for a great work remains unfinished:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διατρίβειν","lemma":"διατρίβω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"waste time"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ἄρεκτον","lemma":"ἄρεκτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unfinished"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b19-l151","source":"ὥς κέ τις αὖτʼ Ἀχιλῆα μετὰ πρώτοισιν ἴδηται","translation":"that someone may once more see Achilles among the foremost,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδηται","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδηται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδηται","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδηται","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρώτοισιν","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"ἴδηται","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may see"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b19-l152","source":"ἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ Τρώων ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας.","translation":"destroying the Trojan ranks with his bronze spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὀλέκοντα","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χαλκείῳ","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies φάλαγγας","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ὀλέκοντα","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"destroying"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὀλέκοντα","gloss":"ranks"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b19-l153","source":"ὧδέ τις ὑμείων μεμνημένος ἀνδρὶ μαχέσθω.","translation":"With this in mind, let each of you fight his man.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδέ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμνημένος","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχέσθω","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ὑμείων","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of you"},{"surface":"μεμνημένος","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μαχέσθω","gloss":"keeping in mind"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μαχέσθω","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"μαχέσθω","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him fight"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b19-l154","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b19-l155","source":"μὴ δʼ οὕτως, ἀγαθός περ ἐών, θεοείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ","translation":"\"Not so, brave though you are, godlike Achilles—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l155.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεοείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ","title":"Godlike Achilles","body":"θεοείκελος means 'like a god' in appearance or stature and is here a vocative direct address. Odysseus honors Achilles' heroic standing even as he firmly rejects Achilles' plan."}],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀγαθός","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"θεοείκελ","lemma":"θεοείκελος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεῦ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b19-l156","source":"νήστιας ὄτρυνε προτὶ Ἴλιον υἷας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"do not rouse the sons of the Achaeans fasting toward Ilion","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήστιας","lemma":"νῆστις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fasting"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b19-l157","source":"Τρωσὶ μαχησομένους, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ὀλίγον χρόνον ἔσται","translation":"to fight the Trojans, since the time will not be short","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαχησομένους","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μαχησομένους","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"short"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b19-l158","source":"φύλοπις, εὖτʼ ἂν πρῶτον ὁμιλήσωσι φάλαγγες","translation":"for the battle-din once the ranks of men first meet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l158.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φύλοπις","title":"Battle-din","body":"φύλοπις names battle through its collective noise and tumult, not simply through the act of fighting. The fixed 'battle-din' keeps that audible force in the line."}],"words":[{"surface":"φύλοπις","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"battle-din"},{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὁμιλήσωσι","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ὁμιλήσωσι","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"meet"},{"surface":"φάλαγγες","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ὁμιλήσωσι","gloss":"ranks"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b19-l159","source":"ἀνδρῶν, ἐν δὲ θεὸς πνεύσῃ μένος ἀμφοτέροισιν.","translation":"and a god breathes fury into both sides.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φάλαγγες","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πνεύσῃ","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"πνεύσῃ","lemma":"πνέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"breathes"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πνεύσῃ","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πνεύσῃ","gloss":"both sides"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b19-l160","source":"ἀλλὰ πάσασθαι ἄνωχθι θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"Instead, command the Achaeans beside the swift ships to fortify themselves","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πάσασθαι","lemma":"πατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"take food"},{"surface":"ἄνωχθι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"θοῇς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πάσασθαι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b19-l161","source":"σίτου καὶ οἴνοιο· τὸ γὰρ μένος ἐστὶ καὶ ἀλκή.","translation":"with food and wine, for therein lie strength and valor.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴνοιο","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"therein"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλκή","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b19-l162","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἀνὴρ πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα","translation":"For no man through the whole day until the sun goes down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δυνήσεται","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"πρόπαν","lemma":"πρόπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντα","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἠέλιον","gloss":"goes down"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b19-l163","source":"ἄκμηνος σίτοιο δυνήσεται ἄντα μάχεσθαι·","translation":"fasting for want of food, can fight face to face.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l163.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄκμηνος σίτοιο","title":"Fasting for food","body":"ἄκμηνος means without food or fasting, and the genitive σίτοιο specifies what is lacking. Odysseus grounds his strategy in the body's physical limits rather than in any lack of courage."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκμηνος","lemma":"ἄκμηνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"without food"},{"surface":"σίτοιο","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκμηνος","gloss":"provisions"},{"surface":"δυνήσεται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσεται","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b19-l164","source":"εἴ περ γὰρ θυμῷ γε μενοινάᾳ πολεμίζειν,","translation":"Even if his heart desires to wage war,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μενοινάᾳ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μενοινάᾳ","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"desires"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μενοινάᾳ","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b19-l165","source":"ἀλλά τε λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται, ἠδὲ κιχάνει","translation":"his limbs secretly grow heavy, and there overtake him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λάθρῃ","lemma":"λάθρῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βαρύνεται","gloss":"secretly"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of βαρύνεται","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"βαρύνεται","lemma":"βαρύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grow heavy"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κιχάνει","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"overtake"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b19-l166","source":"δίψά τε καὶ λιμός, βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατʼ ἰόντι.","translation":"thirst and hunger, and his knees fail as he goes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίψά","lemma":"δίψα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"thirst"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λιμός","lemma":"λιμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"hunger"},{"surface":"βλάβεται","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fail"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of βλάβεται","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἰόντι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βλάβεται","gloss":"as he goes"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b19-l167","source":"ὃς δέ κʼ ἀνὴρ οἴνοιο κορεσσάμενος καὶ ἐδωδῆς","translation":"But the man who has taken his fill of wine and food","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πολεμίζῃ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"οἴνοιο","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"κορεσσάμενος","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πολεμίζῃ","gloss":"taken his fill"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδωδῆς","lemma":"ἐδωδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b19-l168","source":"ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι πανημέριος πολεμίζῃ,","translation":"can fight hostile men all day long;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πολεμίζῃ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δυσμενέεσσι","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"πανημέριος","lemma":"πανημέριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all day long"},{"surface":"πολεμίζῃ","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἱ","gloss":"can fight"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b19-l169","source":"θαρσαλέον νύ οἱ ἦτορ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, οὐδέ τι γυῖα","translation":"the heart in his breast is bold, and his limbs","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαρσαλέον","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσίν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κάμνει","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κάμνει","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b19-l170","source":"πρὶν κάμνει πρὶν πάντας ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο.","translation":"do not tire before he has driven every enemy from battle.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάμνει","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"κάμνει","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tire"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐρωῆσαι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐρωῆσαι","lemma":"ἐρωέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"drive away"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρωῆσαι","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b19-l171","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε λαὸν μὲν σκέδασον καὶ δεῖπνον ἄνωχθι","translation":"Come then, disperse the army and command them to make","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σκέδασον","gloss":"army"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σκέδασον","lemma":"σκεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"disperse"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὅπλεσθαι","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"ἄνωχθι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b19-l172","source":"ὅπλεσθαι· τὰ δὲ δῶρα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"their meal ready. And let Agamemnon, lord of men, carry the gifts","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅπλεσθαι","lemma":"ὅπλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"to make ready"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἰσέτω","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οἰσέτω","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b19-l173","source":"οἰσέτω ἐς μέσσην ἀγορήν, ἵνα πάντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"into the middle of the assembly, so that all the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰσέτω","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him carry"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσσην","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορήν","gloss":"midst"},{"surface":"ἀγορήν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἴδωσι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b19-l174","source":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδωσι, σὺ δὲ φρεσὶ σῇσιν ἰανθῇς.","translation":"may see them with their eyes, and your heart may be warmed.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴδωσι","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ἴδωσι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"may see"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰανθῇς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰανθῇς","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"σῇσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἰανθῇς","lemma":"ἰαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"be warmed"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b19-l175","source":"ὀμνυέτω δέ τοι ὅρκον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἀναστὰς","translation":"Let him stand among the Argives and swear you an oath","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀμνυέτω","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him swear"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀμνυέτω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀμνυέτω","gloss":"oath"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"ἀναστὰς","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀμνυέτω","gloss":"having stood"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b19-l176","source":"μή ποτε τῆς εὐνῆς ἐπιβήμεναι ἠδὲ μιγῆναι·","translation":"that he never entered her bed nor coupled with her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l176.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τῆς εὐνῆς ἐπιβήμεναι ἠδὲ μιγῆναι","title":"The oath concerning Briseis","body":"The two infinitives are explicit: entering her bed and having sexual intercourse with her. Odysseus specifies what Agamemnon must deny under oath; the line neither erases Briseis' captivity nor recasts it as consent."}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine article","role":"modifies εὐνῆς","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"εὐνῆς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβήμεναι","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"ἐπιβήμεναι","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to enter"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιγῆναι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to couple"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b19-l177","source":"ἣ θέμις ἐστὶν ἄναξ ἤ τʼ ἀνδρῶν ἤ τε γυναικῶν·","translation":"as is the custom, lord, between men and women.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"custom"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἤ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἤ","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b19-l178","source":"καὶ δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ θυμὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἵλαος ἔστω.","translation":"And let the heart in your own breast be gracious.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἵλαος","lemma":"ἴλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gracious"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let be"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b19-l179","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτά σε δαιτὶ ἐνὶ κλισίῃς ἀρεσάσθω","translation":"Then let him make amends to you with a feast in his huts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτά","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀρεσάσθω","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀρεσάσθω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δαιτὶ","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀρεσάσθω","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃς","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"ἀρεσάσθω","lemma":"ἀρέσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make amends"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b19-l180","source":"πιείρῃ, ἵνα μή τι δίκης ἐπιδευὲς ἔχῃσθα.","translation":"a rich one, so that you lack nothing of your due.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l180.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δίκης ἐπιδευὲς","title":"Nothing lacking of one's due","body":"δίκη here is the right or due measure in a settlement, while ἐπιδευής means lacking or deficient. The feast is meant to complete the public gifts and oath so Achilles is not left short of the honor owed him."}],"words":[{"surface":"πιείρῃ","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὶ","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔχῃσθα","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"δίκης","lemma":"δίκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιδευὲς","gloss":"your due"},{"surface":"ἐπιδευὲς","lemma":"ἐπιδευής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"lacking"},{"surface":"ἔχῃσθα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"you have"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b19-l181","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη σὺ δʼ ἔπειτα δικαιότερος καὶ ἐπʼ ἄλλῳ","translation":"And you, son of Atreus, will afterward be more just toward another","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσσεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεαι","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"δικαιότερος","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more just"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b19-l182","source":"ἔσσεαι. οὐ μὲν γάρ τι νεμεσσητὸν βασιλῆα","translation":"as well. There is no cause for blame when a king","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will be"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"νεμεσσητὸν","lemma":"νεμεσητός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"blameworthy"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδῤ","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b19-l183","source":"ἄνδρʼ ἀπαρέσσασθαι ὅτε τις πρότερος χαλεπήνῃ.","translation":"makes amends to a man when he was the first to grow angry.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπαρέσσασθαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀπαρέσσασθαι","lemma":"ἀπαρέσκω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"make amends"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χαλεπήνῃ","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"χαλεπήνῃ","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"grew angry"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b19-l184","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then Agamemnon, lord of men, addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b19-l185","source":"χαίρω σεῦ Λαερτιάδη τὸν μῦθον ἀκούσας·","translation":"\"I rejoice to hear your words, son of Laertes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαίρω","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I rejoice"},{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκούσας","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδη","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσας","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"ἀκούσας","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαίρω","gloss":"hearing"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b19-l186","source":"ἐν μοίρῃ γὰρ πάντα διίκεο καὶ κατέλεξας.","translation":"for you have gone through and set out everything in due measure.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l186.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐν μοίρῃ","title":"In due measure","body":"ἐν μοίρῃ literally means 'within one's portion' and idiomatically praises speech as fitting, orderly, or properly measured. Agamemnon approves not merely Odysseus' conclusion but the measured way he has laid out every step."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μοίρῃ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"due measure"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"διίκεο","lemma":"διικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gone through"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατέλεξας","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set out"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b19-l187","source":"ταῦτα δʼ ἐγὼν ἐθέλω ὀμόσαι, κέλεται δέ με θυμός,","translation":"These things I am willing to swear; my heart commands it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὀμόσαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"ὀμόσαι","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλω","gloss":"to swear"},{"surface":"κέλεται","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commands"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέλεται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέλεται","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b19-l188","source":"οὐδʼ ἐπιορκήσω πρὸς δαίμονος. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"and I shall not swear falsely before a god. But Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐπιορκήσω","lemma":"ἐπιορκέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swear falsely"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δαίμονος","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸς","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μιμνέτω","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b19-l189","source":"μιμνέτω αὐτόθι τεῖος ἐπειγόμενός περ Ἄρηος·","translation":"must wait here meanwhile, though eager for battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μιμνέτω","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him wait"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μιμνέτω","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"τεῖος","lemma":"τέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μιμνέτω","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενός","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μιμνέτω","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπειγόμενός","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b19-l190","source":"μίμνετε δʼ ἄλλοι πάντες ἀολλέες, ὄφρά κε δῶρα","translation":"and all you others wait together, until the gifts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίμνετε","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μίμνετε","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃσι","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b19-l191","source":"ἐκ κλισίης ἔλθῃσι καὶ ὅρκια πιστὰ τάμωμεν.","translation":"come from my hut and we cut the faithful oath-sacrifices.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κλισίης","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃσι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅρκια","lemma":"ὅρκιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τάμωμεν","gloss":"oath-sacrifices"},{"surface":"πιστὰ","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκια","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"τάμωμεν","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"we cut"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b19-l192","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ τόδʼ ἐγὼν ἐπιτέλλομαι ἠδὲ κελεύω·","translation":"To you yourself I lay this charge and give this command:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέλλομαι","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I charge"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κελεύω","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b19-l193","source":"κρινάμενος κούρητας ἀριστῆας Παναχαιῶν","translation":"choose young men, the best of all the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρινάμενος","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνεικέμεν","gloss":"having chosen"},{"surface":"κούρητας","lemma":"κούρητες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κρινάμενος","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆας","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρητας","gloss":"best warriors"},{"surface":"Παναχαιῶν","lemma":"Παναχαιοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστῆας","gloss":"all Achaeans"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b19-l194","source":"δῶρα ἐμῆς παρὰ νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν, ὅσσʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ","translation":"to bring from beside my ship the gifts that yesterday","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνεικέμεν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἐνεικέμεν","lemma":"ἐνίημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δώσειν","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δώσειν","gloss":"to Achilles"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b19-l195","source":"χθιζὸν ὑπέστημεν δώσειν, ἀγέμεν τε γυναῖκας.","translation":"we promised to give Achilles, and to bring the women too.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χθιζὸν","lemma":"χθιζός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπέστημεν","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"ὑπέστημεν","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"δώσειν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὑπέστημεν","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"ἀγέμεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to bring"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγέμεν","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b19-l196","source":"Ταλθύβιος δέ μοι ὦκα κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"And let Talthybius quickly range through the Achaeans' broad host","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ταλθύβιος","lemma":"Ταλθύβιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑτοιμασάτω","gloss":"Talthybius"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἑτοιμασάτω","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑτοιμασάτω","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"army"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b19-l197","source":"κάπρον ἑτοιμασάτω ταμέειν Διί τʼ Ἠελίῳ τε.","translation":"and make ready a boar to cut in sacrifice to Zeus and Helios.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάπρον","lemma":"κάπρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑτοιμασάτω","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"ἑτοιμασάτω","lemma":"ἑτοιμάζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make ready"},{"surface":"ταμέειν","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἑτοιμασάτω","gloss":"to cut"},{"surface":"Διί","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἠελίῳ","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Helios"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b19-l198","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed Achilles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b19-l199","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, most glorious, Agamemnon, lord of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγάμεμνον","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"κύδιστε","lemma":"κύδιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδη","gloss":"most glorious"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγάμεμνον","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀγάμεμνον","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b19-l200","source":"ἄλλοτέ περ καὶ μᾶλλον ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι,","translation":"at another time you two should attend to these things more fittingly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτέ","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀφέλλετε","gloss":"at another time"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀφέλλετε","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ὀφέλλετε","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you should"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πένεσθαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"πένεσθαι","lemma":"πένομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὀφέλλετε","gloss":"attend to"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b19-l201","source":"ὁππότε τις μεταπαυσωλὴ πολέμοιο γένηται","translation":"whenever there comes some breathing-space from war","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μεταπαυσωλὴ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μεταπαυσωλὴ","lemma":"μεταπαυσωλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"breathing-space"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεταπαυσωλὴ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b19-l202","source":"καὶ μένος οὐ τόσον ᾖσιν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐμοῖσι.","translation":"and the fury within my breast is not so great.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ᾖσιν","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"ᾖσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖσι","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b19-l203","source":"νῦν δʼ οἳ μὲν κέαται δεδαϊγμένοι, οὓς ἐδάμασσεν","translation":"But now those men lie hacked apart, all slain by","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέαται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέαται","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κέαται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"δεδαϊγμένοι","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κέαται","gloss":"mangled"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἐδάμασσεν","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἳ","gloss":"slew"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b19-l204","source":"Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης, ὅτε οἱ Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκεν,","translation":"Hector, son of Priam, when Zeus granted him glory;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"granted"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b19-l205","source":"ὑμεῖς δʼ ἐς βρωτὺν ὀτρύνετον· ἦ τʼ ἂν ἔγωγε","translation":"and you two urge the men to eat. No—my command","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀτρύνετον","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"βρωτὺν","lemma":"βρῶσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνετον","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνώγοιμι","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b19-l206","source":"νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"would now be for the sons of the Achaeans to fight,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνώγοιμι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνώγοιμι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would command"},{"surface":"πτολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πτολεμίζειν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b19-l207","source":"νήστιας ἀκμήνους, ἅμα δʼ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι","translation":"fasting and without food, and then, when the sun goes down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήστιας","lemma":"νῆστις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fasting"},{"surface":"ἀκμήνους","lemma":"ἄκμηνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"without food"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠελίῳ","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντι","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἠελίῳ","gloss":"setting"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b19-l208","source":"τεύξεσθαι μέγα δόρπον, ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην.","translation":"to prepare a great supper, once we have avenged the outrage.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l208.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην","title":"Once we have taken vengeance","body":"ἐπήν introduces a future temporal condition, while τεισαίμεθα is an aorist middle optative: the meal is to come only after the Achaeans have exacted vengeance for the outrage. Achilles makes revenge, not mere sunset, the true condition for eating."}],"words":[{"surface":"τεύξεσθαι","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"prepare"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρπον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τεύξεσθαι","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"τεισαίμεθα","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"we have avenged"},{"surface":"λώβην","lemma":"λώβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τεισαίμεθα","gloss":"outrage"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b19-l209","source":"πρὶν δʼ οὔ πως ἂν ἔμοιγε φίλον κατὰ λαιμὸν ἰείη","translation":"Before then, nothing could pass down my throat—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰείη","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἰείη","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔμοιγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἰείη","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαιμὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"λαιμὸν","lemma":"λαιμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"ἰείη","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pass"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b19-l210","source":"οὐ πόσις οὐδὲ βρῶσις ἑταίρου τεθνηῶτος","translation":"neither drink nor food—while my comrade lies dead,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"βρῶσις","lemma":"βρῶσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τεθνηῶτος","gloss":"comrade"},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰείη","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b19-l211","source":"ὅς μοι ἐνὶ κλισίῃ δεδαϊγμένος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ","translation":"hacked apart by sharp bronze inside my hut,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κλισίῃ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"δεδαϊγμένος","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"mangled"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεδαϊγμένος","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b19-l212","source":"κεῖται ἀνὰ πρόθυρον τετραμμένος, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι","translation":"lying turned toward the doorway, while around him his comrades","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"πρόθυρον","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"doorway"},{"surface":"τετραμμένος","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μύρονται","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μύρονται","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b19-l213","source":"μύρονται· τό μοι οὔ τι μετὰ φρεσὶ ταῦτα μέμηλεν,","translation":"mourn. So none of these matters has any place in my mind,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μύρονται","lemma":"μύρω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"mourn"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μέμηλεν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μέμηλεν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μέμηλεν","gloss":"these matters"},{"surface":"μέμηλεν","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"matters"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b19-l214","source":"ἀλλὰ φόνος τε καὶ αἷμα καὶ ἀργαλέος στόνος ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"but only slaughter and blood and the grievous groan of men.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φόνος","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέος","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στόνος","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"στόνος","lemma":"στόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στόνος","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b19-l215","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b19-l216","source":"ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Πηλῆος υἱὲ μέγα φέρτατʼ Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"\"Achilles, son of Peleus, far greatest of the Achaeans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"Πηλῆος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλεῦ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φέρτατ̓","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φέρτατ","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλεῦ","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φέρτατ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b19-l217","source":"κρείσσων εἰς ἐμέθεν καὶ φέρτερος οὐκ ὀλίγον περ","translation":"you are stronger than I and better by no small measure","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρείσσων","lemma":"κρείσσων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κρείσσων","gloss":"than me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρτερος","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φέρτερος","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b19-l218","source":"ἔγχει, ἐγὼ δέ κε σεῖο νοήματί γε προβαλοίμην","translation":"with the spear; but in counsel I would surpass you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχει","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to φέρτερος","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προβαλοίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προβαλοίμην","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νοήματί","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προβαλοίμην","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προβαλοίμην","lemma":"προβάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surpass"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b19-l219","source":"πολλόν, ἐπεὶ πρότερος γενόμην καὶ πλείονα οἶδα.","translation":"by far, since I was born before you and know more.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλόν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προβαλοίμην","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"before you"},{"surface":"γενόμην","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I was born"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλείονα","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter comparative adjective","role":"object of οἶδα","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I know"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b19-l220","source":"τώ τοι ἐπιτλήτω κραδίη μύθοισιν ἐμοῖσιν.","translation":"So let your heart endure my words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κραδίη","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐπιτλήτω","lemma":"ἐπιτλῆναι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιτλήτω","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μύθοισιν","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιτλήτω","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖσιν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθοισιν","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b19-l221","source":"αἶψά τε φυλόπιδος πέλεται κόρος ἀνθρώποισιν,","translation":"Men quickly take their fill of the battle-din,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l221.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φυλόπιδος πέλεται κόρος","title":"Surfeit of battle","body":"κόρος is satiety—the point at which one has had enough—and it governs the genitive φυλόπιδος, 'of battle-din.' Odysseus answers heroic eagerness with the grim fact that sustained killing produces exhaustion and revulsion."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλεται","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φυλόπιδος","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κόρος","gloss":"battle-din"},{"surface":"πέλεται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"κόρος","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέλεται","gloss":"fullness"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέλεται","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b19-l222","source":"ἧς τε πλείστην μὲν καλάμην χθονὶ χαλκὸς ἔχευεν,","translation":"where bronze has strewn the greatest quantity of stalks upon the ground,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l222.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"καλάμην χθονὶ χαλκὸς ἔχευεν","title":"War as harvest","body":"Odysseus imagines bronze weapons as the reaping instrument and fallen bodies as cut stalks poured over the earth. The harvest metaphor measures battle by the mass of its dead, not by martial glory."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλείστην","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καλάμην","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καλάμην","lemma":"καλάμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχευεν","gloss":"stalks"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχευεν","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχευεν","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔχευεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"has strewn"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b19-l223","source":"ἄμητος δʼ ὀλίγιστος, ἐπὴν κλίνῃσι τάλαντα","translation":"but the harvest is smallest, when Zeus tilts the scales","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμητος","lemma":"ἄμητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"harvest"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὀλίγιστος","lemma":"ὀλίγιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"smallest"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κλίνῃσι","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"tilts"},{"surface":"τάλαντα","lemma":"τάλαντον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κλίνῃσι","gloss":"scales"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b19-l224","source":"Ζεύς, ὅς τʼ ἀνθρώπων ταμίης πολέμοιο τέτυκται.","translation":"Zeus, who is made the steward of war for men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κλίνῃσι","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τέτυκται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ταμίης","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ταμίης","lemma":"τάμιας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"steward"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ταμίης","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζεύς","gloss":"is made"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b19-l225","source":"γαστέρι δʼ οὔ πως ἔστι νέκυν πενθῆσαι Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"The Achaeans cannot mourn a corpse with the belly;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l225.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γαστέρι δʼ οὔ πως ἔστι νέκυν πενθῆσαι","title":"No mourning with the belly","body":"Odysseus' deliberately blunt paradox separates grief from starvation: the belly cannot perform mourning for the dead. His point is not that the dead deserve no grief, but that living soldiers must eat if they are to bury the fallen and continue fighting."}],"words":[{"surface":"γαστέρι","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πενθῆσαι","gloss":"with the belly","note":"The dative is instrumental: mourning cannot be sustained “with the belly,” meaning while fasting."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is possible"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πενθῆσαι","gloss":"a corpse"},{"surface":"πενθῆσαι","lemma":"πενθέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"to mourn"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πενθῆσαι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b19-l226","source":"λίην γὰρ πολλοὶ καὶ ἐπήτριμοι ἤματα πάντα","translation":"for all through the days too many men fall thick and fast—","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπήτριμοι","lemma":"ἐπήτριμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thick together"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πίπτουσιν","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b19-l227","source":"πίπτουσιν· πότε κέν τις ἀναπνεύσειε πόνοιο;","translation":"when could anyone draw breath from the toil?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πίπτουσιν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"πότε","lemma":"πότε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀναπνεύσειε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀναπνεύσειε","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀναπνεύσειε","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"draw breath"},{"surface":"πόνοιο","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀναπνεύσειε","gloss":"from the toil"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b19-l228","source":"ἀλλὰ χρὴ τὸν μὲν καταθάπτειν ὅς κε θάνῃσι","translation":"No, we must bury whoever dies,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καταθάπτειν","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καταθάπτειν","lemma":"καταθάπτω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of χρὴ","gloss":"to bury"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θάνῃσι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"θάνῃσι","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"dies"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b19-l229","source":"νηλέα θυμὸν ἔχοντας ἐπʼ ἤματι δακρύσαντας·","translation":"holding a pitiless heart after mourning him for one day;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηλέα","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντας","gloss":"a heart"},{"surface":"ἔχοντας","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καταθάπτειν","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"δακρύσαντας","lemma":"δακρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καταθάπτειν","gloss":"having mourned"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b19-l230","source":"ὅσσοι δʼ ἂν πολέμοιο περὶ στυγεροῖο λίπωνται","translation":"but all of us who are left alive from hateful war","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of λίπωνται","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λίπωνται","gloss":"from war"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"remaining from"},{"surface":"στυγεροῖο","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"λίπωνται","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of μεμνῆσθαι","gloss":"are left"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b19-l231","source":"μεμνῆσθαι πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον","translation":"must remember drink and food, so that with still greater force","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεμνῆσθαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχώμεθα","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b19-l232","source":"ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι μαχώμεθα νωλεμὲς αἰεὶ","translation":"we may fight hostile men without ceasing, ever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαχώμεθα","gloss":"against men"},{"surface":"δυσμενέεσσι","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"μαχώμεθα","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"we may fight"},{"surface":"νωλεμὲς","lemma":"νωλεμές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχώμεθα","gloss":"ceaselessly"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχώμεθα","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b19-l233","source":"ἑσσάμενοι χροῒ χαλκὸν ἀτειρέα. μηδέ τις ἄλλην","translation":"clothing our bodies in unyielding bronze. Let no one","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσσάμενοι","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μαχώμεθα","gloss":"having clothed"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑσσάμενοι","gloss":"our bodies"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑσσάμενοι","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἀτειρέα","lemma":"ἀτειρής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκὸν","gloss":"unyielding"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰσχαναάσθω","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἄλλην","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀτρυντὺν","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b19-l234","source":"λαῶν ὀτρυντὺν ποτιδέγμενος ἰσχαναάσθω·","translation":"hold back awaiting another summons of the army;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"army"},{"surface":"ὀτρυντὺν","lemma":"ὀτρυντύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποτιδέγμενος","gloss":"summons"},{"surface":"ποτιδέγμενος","lemma":"προσδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰσχαναάσθω","gloss":"awaiting"},{"surface":"ἰσχαναάσθω","lemma":"ἰσχανάω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hang back"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b19-l235","source":"ἥδε γὰρ ὀτρυντὺς κακὸν ἔσσεται ὅς κε λίπηται","translation":"for this summons will bring evil to whoever is left behind","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὀτρυντὺς","lemma":"ὀτρυντύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"summons"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λίπηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"λίπηται","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"is left"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b19-l236","source":"νηυσὶν ἐπʼ Ἀργείων· ἀλλʼ ἀθρόοι ὁρμηθέντες","translation":"at the Argive ships; but gathered together, rushing forward, we","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all together"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθέντες","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"rushing forward"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b19-l237","source":"Τρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα.","translation":"are rousing sharp Ares against the horse-taming Trojans.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφ̓","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοισιν","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρωσὶν","gloss":"horse-taming"},{"surface":"ἐγείρομεν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we rouse"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b19-l238","source":"ἦ, καὶ Νέστορος υἷας ὀπάσσατο κυδαλίμοιο","translation":"So he spoke, and chose the sons of glorious Nestor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"Nestor’s"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ὀπάσσατο","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"chose"},{"surface":"κυδαλίμοιο","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορος","gloss":"glorious"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b19-l239","source":"Φυλεΐδην τε Μέγητα Θόαντά τε Μηριόνην τε","translation":"Meges, son of Phyleus, Thoas, and Meriones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φυλεΐδην","lemma":"Φυλείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μέγητα","gloss":"son of Phyleus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέγητα","lemma":"Μέγης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Meges"},{"surface":"Θόαντά","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Thoas"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μηριόνην","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b19-l240","source":"καὶ Κρειοντιάδην Λυκομήδεα καὶ Μελάνιππον·","translation":"Lycomedes, son of Creon, and Melanippus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κρειοντιάδην","lemma":"Κρειοντιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λυκομήδεα","gloss":"son of Creon"},{"surface":"Λυκομήδεα","lemma":"Λυκομήδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Lycomedes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μελάνιππον","lemma":"Μελάνιππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Melanippus"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b19-l241","source":"βὰν δʼ ἴμεν ἐς κλισίην Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο.","translation":"and they set out for the shelter of Agamemnon, son of Atreus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βὰν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βὰν","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"Agamemnon’s"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"son of Atreus"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b19-l242","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἔπειθʼ ἅμα μῦθος ἔην, τετέλεστο δὲ ἔργον·","translation":"At once the word was spoken and the deed accomplished:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l242.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἅμα μῦθος ἔην, τετέλεστο δὲ ἔργον","title":"Word and deed together","body":"The compact pairing says that speech and fulfillment coincided: the promised restitution is carried out as soon as it is ordered. The pluperfect τετέλεστο, the past-time counterpart of the perfect, presents the deed as already brought to completion."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"τετέλεστο","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been accomplished","note":"The pluperfect marks the deed as already completed as soon as the order was spoken."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τετέλεστο","gloss":"deed"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b19-l243","source":"ἑπτὰ μὲν ἐκ κλισίης τρίποδας φέρον, οὕς οἱ ὑπέστη,","translation":"from the shelter they carried seven tripods, which he had promised him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑπτὰ","lemma":"ἑπτά","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τρίποδας","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κλισίης","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"τρίποδας","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"tripods"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they carried"},{"surface":"οὕς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέστη","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέστη","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ὑπέστη","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τρίποδας","gloss":"had promised"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b19-l244","source":"αἴθωνας δὲ λέβητας ἐείκοσι, δώδεκα δʼ ἵππους·","translation":"twenty gleaming cauldrons, and twelve horses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθωνας","lemma":"αἴθων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέβητας","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέβητας","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"cauldrons"},{"surface":"ἐείκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies λέβητας","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b19-l245","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἄγον αἶψα γυναῖκας ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυίας","translation":"and quickly led out seven women skilled in blameless handiwork,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they led"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγον","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδυίας","gloss":"handiwork"},{"surface":"ἰδυίας","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies γυναῖκας","gloss":"skilled in"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b19-l246","source":"ἕπτʼ, ἀτὰρ ὀγδοάτην Βρισηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον.","translation":"and as the eighth, fair-cheeked Briseis.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕπτ","lemma":"ἑπτά","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies γυναῖκας","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὀγδοάτην","lemma":"ὀγδόατος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eighth"},{"surface":"Βρισηΐδα","lemma":"Βρισηίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"Briseis"},{"surface":"καλλιπάρῃον","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Βρισηΐδα","gloss":"fair-cheeked"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b19-l247","source":"χρυσοῦ δὲ στήσας Ὀδυσεὺς δέκα πάντα τάλαντα","translation":"Odysseus weighed out all ten talents of gold","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσοῦ","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήσας","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχ̓","gloss":"having weighed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τάλαντα","lemma":"τάλαντον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of στήσας","gloss":"talents"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b19-l248","source":"ἦρχʼ, ἅμα δʼ ἄλλοι δῶρα φέρον κούρητες Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"and led the way, while other young Achaeans carried the gifts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρητες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"κούρητες","lemma":"κούρητες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"young warriors"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρητες","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b19-l249","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν μέσσῃ ἀγορῇ θέσαν, ἂν δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"They set them down in the midst of the assembly, and Agamemnon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσῃ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορῇ","gloss":"middle of"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they placed"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up","note":"This preverb belongs with the next line’s verb: Agamemnon “rose up,” a case of tmesis."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵστατο","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b19-l250","source":"ἵστατο· Ταλθύβιος δὲ θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος αὐδὴν","translation":"rose; and Talthybius, whose voice was like a god's,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l250.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος αὐδὴν","title":"A voice like a god's","body":"The likeness is carefully limited by the accusative αὐδήν: Talthybius resembles a god in voice, not in his whole person. That distinction gives the herald's public words and ritual role unusual authority."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἵστατο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"Ταλθύβιος","lemma":"Ταλθύβιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρίστατο","gloss":"Talthybius"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῷ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐναλίγκιος","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιος","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ταλθύβιος","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"αὐδὴν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐναλίγκιος","gloss":"in voice"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b19-l251","source":"κάπρον ἔχων ἐν χερσὶ παρίστατο ποιμένι λαῶν.","translation":"stood beside the shepherd of the people, holding a boar in his hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάπρον","lemma":"κάπρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"a boar"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρίστατο","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"παρίστατο","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood beside"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρίστατο","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b19-l252","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος χείρεσσι μάχαιραν,","translation":"And the son of Atreus, drawing with his hands the knife","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὔχετο","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρυσσάμενος","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"χείρεσσι","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρυσσάμενος","gloss":"with his hands"},{"surface":"μάχαιραν","lemma":"μάχαιρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρυσσάμενος","gloss":"knife"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b19-l253","source":"ἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰὲν ἄωρτο,","translation":"that always hung beside the great sheath of his sword,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄωρτο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ξίφεος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ξίφεος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κουλεὸν","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κουλεὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κουλεὸν","lemma":"κολεόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"sheath"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄωρτο","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἄωρτο","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μάχαιραν","gloss":"hung"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b19-l254","source":"κάπρου ἀπὸ τρίχας ἀρξάμενος Διὶ χεῖρας ἀνασχὼν","translation":"first cut hairs from the boar, then raised his hands to Zeus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάπρου","lemma":"κάπρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τρίχας","gloss":"the boar"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τρίχας","lemma":"θρίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀρξάμενος","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"ἀρξάμενος","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"beginning with"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔχετο","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχὼν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνασχὼν","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"raising"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b19-l255","source":"εὔχετο· τοὶ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπʼ αὐτόφιν εἵατο σιγῇ","translation":"and prayed; and all the Argives sat there in silence,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχετο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀργεῖοι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργεῖοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"αὐτόφιν","lemma":"αὐτόφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"on the spot"},{"surface":"εἵατο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"σιγῇ","lemma":"σιγή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵατο","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b19-l256","source":"Ἀργεῖοι κατὰ μοῖραν ἀκούοντες βασιλῆος.","translation":"in due order, listening to their king.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἵατο","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"proper order"},{"surface":"ἀκούοντες","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἵατο","gloss":"listening"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούοντες","gloss":"their king"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b19-l257","source":"εὐξάμενος δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν·","translation":"He prayed, looked up into the broad sky, and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐξάμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπεν","gloss":"having prayed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπεν","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"εὐρύν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b19-l258","source":"ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος","translation":"\"Now let Zeus be witness first, highest and best of the gods,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l258.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἴστω","title":"Third-person imperative","body":"ἴστω is a third-person imperative: literally, \"let him know.\" In an oath, that command makes Zeus a witness who knows whether the speaker's claim is true."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἴστω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be witness","note":"The imperative of “know” serves as a formal call to witness in the oath."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴστω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴστω","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"ὕπατος","lemma":"ὕπατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b19-l259","source":"Γῆ τε καὶ Ἠέλιος καὶ Ἐρινύες, αἵ θʼ ὑπὸ γαῖαν","translation":"and Earth and Sun and the Erinyes, who beneath the earth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Γῆ","lemma":"γῆ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Earth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Sun"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐρινύες","lemma":"Ἐρινύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Erinyes"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τίνυνται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b19-l260","source":"ἀνθρώπους τίνυνται, ὅτις κʼ ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ,","translation":"punish any mortal who swears a false oath:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τίνυνται","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"τίνυνται","lemma":"τίνυμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἐρινύες","gloss":"punish"},{"surface":"ὅτις","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀμόσσῃ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἐπίορκον","lemma":"ἐπίορκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ὀμόσσῃ","gloss":"falsely sworn"},{"surface":"ὀμόσσῃ","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"swears"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b19-l261","source":"μὴ μὲν ἐγὼ κούρῃ Βρισηΐδι χεῖρʼ ἐπένεικα,","translation":"never did I lay a hand upon the girl Briseis,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπένεικα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Βρισηΐδι","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"Βρισηΐδι","lemma":"Βρισηίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπένεικα","gloss":"Briseis"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπένεικα","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἐπένεικα","lemma":"ἐπιφέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"laid upon"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b19-l262","source":"οὔτʼ εὐνῆς πρόφασιν κεχρημένος οὔτέ τευ ἄλλου.","translation":"neither seeking occasion for her bed nor for anything else,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l262.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὔτʼ εὐνῆς","title":"Neither ... nor","body":"The paired negatives οὔτε ... οὔτε delimit Agamemnon's claim: he says he touched Briseis neither for sex nor for any other purpose. The oath concerns his own conduct while she was held in his shelter; it does not recast her captivity as consent."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὐνῆς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πρόφασιν","gloss":"her bed"},{"surface":"πρόφασιν","lemma":"πρόφασις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κεχρημένος","gloss":"occasion"},{"surface":"κεχρημένος","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτέ","gloss":"seeking"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies οὔτέ","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"ἄλλου","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τευ","gloss":"else"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b19-l263","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔμενʼ ἀπροτίμαστος ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἐμῇσιν.","translation":"but she remained untouched within my shelters.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l263.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀπροτίμαστος","title":"Untouched","body":"ἀπροτίμαστος is a rare Homeric word meaning \"untouched\" or \"unharmed.\" Here it is part of Agamemnon's sworn assertion about Briseis, not an independent statement about the justice of her captivity."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"ἀπροτίμαστος","lemma":"ἀπροτίμαστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"untouched","note":"The word means not approached or touched, defining the precise claim made in Agamemnon’s oath."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσιν","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"shelters"},{"surface":"ἐμῇσιν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κλισίῃσιν","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b19-l264","source":"εἰ δέ τι τῶνδʼ ἐπίορκον ἐμοὶ θεοὶ ἄλγεα δοῖεν","translation":"If any of this is falsely sworn, may the gods give me pains,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"τῶνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἐπίορκον","lemma":"ἐπίορκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"falsely sworn"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοῖεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δοῖεν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δοῖεν","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"δοῖεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may give"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b19-l265","source":"πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσα διδοῦσιν ὅτίς σφʼ ἀλίτηται ὀμόσσας.","translation":"many indeed—all they give a man who sins against them by his oath.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of διδοῦσιν","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"διδοῦσιν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλγεα","gloss":"they give"},{"surface":"ὅτίς","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλίτηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀλίτηται","gloss":"against them"},{"surface":"ἀλίτηται","lemma":"ἀλιταίνω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive 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τάμε","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"κάπρου","lemma":"κάπρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στόμαχον","gloss":"of the boar"},{"surface":"τάμε","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τάμε","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b19-l267","source":"τὸν μὲν Ταλθύβιος πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἐς μέγα λαῖτμα","translation":"Talthybius whirled it and cast it into the great gulf","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ῥῖψ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ταλθύβιος","lemma":"Ταλθύβιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ῥῖψ̓","gloss":"Talthybius"},{"surface":"πολιῆς","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies λαῖτμα","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λαῖτμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"λαῖτμα","lemma":"λαῖτμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"gulf"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b19-l268","source":"ῥῖψʼ ἐπιδινήσας βόσιν ἰχθύσιν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"of the gray sea as food for fish; but Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῖψ","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἐπιδινήσας","lemma":"ἐπιδινέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥῖψ̓","gloss":"whirling"},{"surface":"βόσιν","lemma":"βόσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as food"},{"surface":"ἰχθύσιν","lemma":"ἰχθύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βόσιν","gloss":"for fish"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετηύδα","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b19-l269","source":"ἀνστὰς Ἀργείοισι φιλοπτολέμοισι μετηύδα·","translation":"rose and addressed the war-loving Argives:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνστὰς","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"having risen"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"φιλοπτολέμοισι","lemma":"φιλοπόλεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργείοισι","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b19-l270","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ ἦ μεγάλας ἄτας ἄνδρεσσι διδοῖσθα·","translation":"\"Father Zeus, great are the delusions you give to men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μεγάλας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄτας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἄτας","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of διδοῖσθα","gloss":"delusions"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of διδοῖσθα","gloss":"to men"},{"surface":"διδοῖσθα","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you give"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b19-l271","source":"οὐκ ἂν δή ποτε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐμοῖσιν","translation":"Otherwise the son of Atreus could never have roused the spirit","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ὤρινε","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὤρινε","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖσιν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b19-l272","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης ὤρινε διαμπερές, οὐδέ κε κούρην","translation":"within my breast so utterly, nor could he have taken the girl","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤρινε","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ὤρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"διαμπερές","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤρινε","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἦγεν","gloss":"the girl"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b19-l273","source":"ἦγεν ἐμεῦ ἀέκοντος ἀμήχανος· ἀλλά ποθι Ζεὺς","translation":"from me against my will, beyond all resistance; but somewhere Zeus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led away"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"from me"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντος","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"ἀμήχανος","lemma":"ἀμήχανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"irresistibly"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤθελ̓","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b19-l274","source":"ἤθελʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν θάνατον πολέεσσι γενέσθαι.","translation":"must have wished death to come upon many Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤθελ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖσιν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to γενέσθαι","gloss":"for Achaeans"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γενέσθαι","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"πολέεσσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοῖσιν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελ̓","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b19-l275","source":"νῦν δʼ ἔρχεσθʼ ἐπὶ δεῖπνον, ἵνα ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα.","translation":"Now go to your meal, so that we may join battle.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεσθ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔρχεσθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ξυνάγωμεν","lemma":"συνάγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"we may join"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ξυνάγωμεν","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b19-l276","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν, λῦσεν δʼ ἀγορὴν αἰψηρήν.","translation":"So he spoke, and quickly dissolved the assembly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσκίδναντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐσκίδναντο","lemma":"σκίδνημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"ἑὴν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b19-l278","source":"δῶρα δὲ Μυρμιδόνες μεγαλήτορες ἀμφεπένοντο,","translation":"while the great-hearted Myrmidons took charge of the gifts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφεπένοντο","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνες","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφεπένοντο","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορες","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρμιδόνες","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἀμφεπένοντο","lemma":"ἀμφιπένομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took charge"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b19-l279","source":"βὰν δʼ ἐπὶ νῆα φέροντες Ἀχιλλῆος θείοιο.","translation":"and carried them to the ship of godlike Achilles.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βὰν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βὰν","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"Achilles’"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b19-l280","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν κλισίῃσι θέσαν, κάθισαν δὲ γυναῖκας,","translation":"They set the gifts in the shelters and seated the women,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσι","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"shelters"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"κάθισαν","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κάθισαν","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b19-l281","source":"ἵππους δʼ εἰς ἀγέλην ἔλασαν θεράποντες ἀγαυοί.","translation":"and noble attendants drove the horses into the herd.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλασαν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἀγέλην","lemma":"ἀγέλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"herd"},{"surface":"ἔλασαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλασαν","gloss":"attendants"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοί","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b19-l282","source":"Βρισηῒς δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτʼ ἰκέλη χρυσέῃ Ἀφροδίτῃ","translation":"Then Briseis, like golden Aphrodite,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l282.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἰκέλη χρυσέῃ Ἀφροδίτῃ","title":"Like golden Aphrodite","body":"Briseis is compared to Aphrodite in beauty, but the simile does not soften her circumstances: it introduces her return to the mutilated body of the one man in Achilles' camp who had comforted her."}],"words":[{"surface":"Βρισηῒς","lemma":"Βρισηίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Briseis"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"ἰκέλη","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Βρισηῒς","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"χρυσέῃ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτῃ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτῃ","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰκέλη","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b19-l283","source":"ὡς ἴδε Πάτροκλον δεδαϊγμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"when she saw Patroclus torn by the sharp bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"she saw"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δεδαϊγμένον","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mangled"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεδαϊγμένον","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b19-l284","source":"ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ χυμένη λίγʼ ἐκώκυε, χερσὶ δʼ ἄμυσσε","translation":"flung herself upon him and wailed shrilly, and with her hands tore","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"χυμένη","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐκώκυε","gloss":"flinging herself","note":"The participle literally pictures Briseis pouring herself around the body: she flings herself upon Patroclus."},{"surface":"λίγ","lemma":"λίγα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκώκυε","gloss":"shrilly"},{"surface":"ἐκώκυε","lemma":"κωκύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wailed"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄμυσσε","gloss":"with her hands"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμυσσε","lemma":"ἀμύσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b19-l285","source":"στήθεά τʼ ἠδʼ ἁπαλὴν δειρὴν ἰδὲ καλὰ πρόσωπα.","translation":"her breast, her tender neck, and her lovely face.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήθεά","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁπαλὴν","lemma":"ἁπαλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δειρὴν","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"δειρὴν","lemma":"δειρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πρόσωπα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"πρόσωπα","lemma":"πρόσωπον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b19-l286","source":"εἶπε δʼ ἄρα κλαίουσα γυνὴ ἐϊκυῖα θεῇσι·","translation":"Weeping, the woman like the goddesses said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κλαίουσα","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἶπε","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"ἐϊκυῖα","lemma":"εἰκός","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies γυνὴ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"θεῇσι","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐϊκυῖα","gloss":"goddesses"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b19-l287","source":"Πάτροκλέ μοι δειλῇ πλεῖστον κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ","translation":"\"Patroclus, dearest by far to my wretched heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλέ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κεχαρισμένε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δειλῇ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοι","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"πλεῖστον","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κεχαρισμένε","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"κεχαρισμένε","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifies Πάτροκλέ","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχαρισμένε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b19-l288","source":"ζωὸν μέν σε ἔλειπον ἐγὼ κλισίηθεν ἰοῦσα,","translation":"I left you alive when I went from this shelter,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωὸν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλειπον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔλειπον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I left"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλειπον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κλισίηθεν","lemma":"κλισίηθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰοῦσα","gloss":"from the shelter"},{"surface":"ἰοῦσα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔλειπον","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b19-l289","source":"νῦν δέ σε τεθνηῶτα κιχάνομαι ὄρχαμε λαῶν","translation":"but now on my return I find you dead, marshal of the people.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιχάνομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κιχάνομαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"κιχάνομαι","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I find"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμε","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"marshal"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμε","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b19-l290","source":"ἂψ ἀνιοῦσʼ· ὥς μοι δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ αἰεί.","translation":"So evil after evil comes to meet me always.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l290.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ","title":"Evil after evil","body":"The repeated κακόν makes Briseis' losses feel cumulative rather than isolated. Her lament places Patroclus' death in the chain of violence that began with the destruction of her own household."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνιοῦσ̓","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀνιοῦσ","lemma":"ἄνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κιχάνομαι","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέχεται","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δέχεται","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δέχεται","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of δέχεται","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κακοῦ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέχεται","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b19-l291","source":"ἄνδρα μὲν ᾧ ἔδοσάν με πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ","translation":"The man to whom my father and queenly mother gave me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδοσάν","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"ἔδοσάν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄνδρα","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδοσάν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b19-l292","source":"εἶδον πρὸ πτόλιος δεδαϊγμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"I saw before our city, torn by the sharp bronze,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πτόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"our city"},{"surface":"δεδαϊγμένον","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mangled"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεδαϊγμένον","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b19-l293","source":"τρεῖς τε κασιγνήτους, τούς μοι μία γείνατο μήτηρ,","translation":"and my three brothers, whom one mother bore with me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κασιγνήτους","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτους","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"τούς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of γείνατο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"μία","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"γείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κασιγνήτους","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γείνατο","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b19-l294","source":"κηδείους, οἳ πάντες ὀλέθριον ἦμαρ ἐπέσπον.","translation":"my own kin, all met their day of doom.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κηδείους","lemma":"κήδειος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κασιγνήτους","gloss":"my own kin","note":"The adjective denotes close family or kin; here it refers to Briseis’s three brothers."},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέσπον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὀλέθριον","lemma":"ὀλέθριος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"fatal"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέσπον","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἐπέσπον","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κασιγνήτους","gloss":"met"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b19-l295","source":"οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδέ μʼ ἔασκες, ὅτʼ ἄνδρʼ ἐμὸν ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"Yet you would not let me weep when swift Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κλαίειν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔασκες","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would let"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἄνδρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκτεινεν","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδῤ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκτεινεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b19-l296","source":"ἔκτεινεν, πέρσεν δὲ πόλιν θείοιο Μύνητος,","translation":"killed my husband and sacked the city of godlike Mynes;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκτεινεν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"πέρσεν","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"sacked"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέρσεν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μύνητος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Μύνητος","lemma":"Μύνης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"Mynes"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b19-l297","source":"κλαίειν, ἀλλά μʼ ἔφασκες Ἀχιλλῆος θείοιο","translation":"instead you said that you would make me","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαίειν","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔασκες","gloss":"to weep"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of θήσειν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔφασκες","lemma":"φάσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"Achilles’"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b19-l298","source":"κουριδίην ἄλοχον θήσειν, ἄξειν τʼ ἐνὶ νηυσὶν","translation":"the wedded wife of godlike Achilles and take me in the ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κουριδίην","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"ἄλοχον","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"complement of θήσειν","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"θήσειν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"would make"},{"surface":"ἄξειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"would take"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b19-l299","source":"ἐς Φθίην, δαίσειν δὲ γάμον μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσι.","translation":"to Phthia, and hold a wedding feast among the Myrmidons.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Φθίην","lemma":"Φθία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Phthia"},{"surface":"δαίσειν","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"would hold feast"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γάμον","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δαίσειν","gloss":"wedding feast"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσι","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"Myrmidons"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b19-l300","source":"τώ σʼ ἄμοτον κλαίω τεθνηότα μείλιχον αἰεί.","translation":"Therefore I mourn you without ceasing, dead and always gentle.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλαίω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἄμοτον","lemma":"ἄμοτον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαίω","gloss":"unceasingly"},{"surface":"κλαίω","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I mourn"},{"surface":"τεθνηότα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"μείλιχον","lemma":"μείλιχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σ̓","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μείλιχον","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b19-l301","source":"ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γυναῖκες","translation":"So she spoke, weeping, and the women groaned around her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔφατο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she said"},{"surface":"κλαίουσ","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στενάχοντο","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of στενάχοντο","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b19-l302","source":"Πάτροκλον πρόφασιν, σφῶν δʼ αὐτῶν κήδεʼ ἑκάστη.","translation":"using Patroclus as their pretext, but each for her own griefs.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l302.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Πάτροκλον πρόφασιν","title":"Patroclus as the occasion","body":"πρόφασιν means that Patroclus supplies the outward occasion for the shared lament. Each captive woman grieves her own losses through the public mourning for him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of στενάχοντο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"πρόφασιν","lemma":"πρόφασις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντο","gloss":"as pretext","note":"Patroclus is the stated occasion for the communal lament, while each captive woman mourns her own losses."},{"surface":"σφῶν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies κήδἐ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"ἑκάστη","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b19-l303","source":"αὐτὸν δʼ ἀμφὶ γέροντες Ἀχαιῶν ἠγερέθοντο","translation":"Around Achilles the elders of the Achaeans gathered,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"γέροντες","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠγερέθοντο","gloss":"elders"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέροντες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἠγερέθοντο","lemma":"ἠγερέθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b19-l304","source":"λισσόμενοι δειπνῆσαι· ὃ δʼ ἠρνεῖτο στεναχίζων·","translation":"begging him to dine, but groaning, he refused:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λισσόμενοι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠγερέθοντο","gloss":"begging"},{"surface":"δειπνῆσαι","lemma":"δειπνέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of λισσόμενοι","gloss":"to dine"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠρνεῖτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἠρνεῖτο","lemma":"ἀρνέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"στεναχίζων","lemma":"στεναχίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠρνεῖτο","gloss":"groaning"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b19-l305","source":"λίσσομαι, εἴ τις ἔμοιγε φίλων ἐπιπείθεθʼ ἑταίρων,","translation":"\"I beg you, if any of my dear companions will heed me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίσσομαι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I beg"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιπείθεθ̓","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἔμοιγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιπείθεθ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρων","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐπιπείθεθ","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"will heed"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b19-l306","source":"μή με πρὶν σίτοιο κελεύετε μηδὲ ποτῆτος","translation":"do not urge me before then to satisfy my heart","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄσασθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄσασθαι","gloss":"before then"},{"surface":"σίτοιο","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"with food"},{"surface":"κελεύετε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"ποτῆτος","lemma":"ποτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"with drink"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b19-l307","source":"ἄσασθαι φίλον ἦτορ, ἐπεί μʼ ἄχος αἰνὸν ἱκάνει·","translation":"with food or drink, since terrible grief has come upon me.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄσασθαι","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of κελεύετε","gloss":"to satisfy"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄσασθαι","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"αἰνὸν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"has reached"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b19-l308","source":"δύντα δʼ ἐς ἠέλιον μενέω καὶ τλήσομαι ἔμπης.","translation":"Until the sun goes down I will wait and endure.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l308.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μενέω καὶ τλήσομαι","title":"Two futures of resolve","body":"Both verbs are future: Achilles declares that he will remain and will endure. His fasting is deliberate persistence in grief, not a failure to obtain food."}],"words":[{"surface":"δύντα","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἠέλιον","gloss":"having set"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"μενέω","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will wait"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τλήσομαι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τλήσομαι","gloss":"nevertheless"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b19-l309","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἄλλους μὲν ἀπεσκέδασεν βασιλῆας,","translation":"So speaking, he sent the other kings away,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεσκέδασεν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆας","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπεσκέδασεν","lemma":"ἀποσκεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent away"},{"surface":"βασιλῆας","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπεσκέδασεν","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b19-l310","source":"δοιὼ δʼ Ἀτρεΐδα μενέτην καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"but the two sons of Atreus remained, and godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δοιὼ","lemma":"δοιώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδα","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδα","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"μενέτην","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b19-l311","source":"Νέστωρ Ἰδομενεύς τε γέρων θʼ ἱππηλάτα Φοῖνιξ","translation":"Nestor and Idomeneus and Phoenix, the old horseman,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεύς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φοῖνιξ","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱππηλάτα","lemma":"ἱππηλάτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φοῖνιξ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Φοῖνιξ","lemma":"Φοῖνιξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Phoenix"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b19-l312","source":"τέρποντες πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενον· οὐδέ τι θυμῷ","translation":"seeking earnestly to comfort the deeply grieving man; but in his heart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέρποντες","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μενέτην","gloss":"trying to comfort"},{"surface":"πυκινῶς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχήμενον","gloss":"earnestly"},{"surface":"ἀκαχήμενον","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of τέρποντες","gloss":"grief-stricken"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τέρπετο","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τέρπετο","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b19-l313","source":"τέρπετο, πρὶν πολέμου στόμα δύμεναι αἱματόεντος.","translation":"he found no comfort—not until he should enter the mouth of bloodstained war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l313.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολέμου στόμα","title":"The mouth of war","body":"Homer makes battle a devouring mouth into which Achilles means to enter. The image turns his return to combat into an approach toward something that consumes men."}],"words":[{"surface":"τέρπετο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was comforted"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στόμα","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δύμεναι","gloss":"mouth","note":"The “mouth of war” pictures battle as a devouring opening into which Achilles longs to enter."},{"surface":"δύμεναι","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"to enter"},{"surface":"αἱματόεντος","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμου","gloss":"bloodstained"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b19-l314","source":"μνησάμενος δʼ ἁδινῶς ἀνενείκατο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"Remembering, he heaved a deep sigh and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνησάμενος","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁδινῶς","lemma":"ἀδινός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνενείκατο","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"ἀνενείκατο","lemma":"ἀναφέρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaved a sigh"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b19-l315","source":"ἦ ῥά νύ μοί ποτε καὶ σὺ δυσάμμορε φίλταθʼ ἑταίρων","translation":"\"Ah, once you too, ill-fated one, dearest of my companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκας","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκας","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθηκας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δυσάμμορε","lemma":"δυσάμμορος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"ill-fated"},{"surface":"φίλταθ","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δυσάμμορε","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλταθ̓","gloss":"of my companions"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b19-l316","source":"αὐτὸς ἐνὶ κλισίῃ λαρὸν παρὰ δεῖπνον ἔθηκας","translation":"would set a savory dinner ready for me yourself in the shelter,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"λαρὸν","lemma":"λαρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δεῖπνον","gloss":"savory"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside me"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκας","gloss":"dinner"},{"surface":"ἔθηκας","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prepared"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b19-l317","source":"αἶψα καὶ ὀτραλέως, ὁπότε σπερχοίατʼ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"swiftly and eagerly, whenever the Achaeans hastened","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτραλέως","lemma":"ὀτραλέος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"ὁπότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σπερχοίατ̓","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"σπερχοίατ","lemma":"σπέρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκας","gloss":"hastened"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of σπερχοίατ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b19-l318","source":"Τρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισι φέρειν πολύδακρυν Ἄρηα.","translation":"to bring war of many tears upon the horse-taming Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοισι","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρωσὶν","gloss":"horse-taming"},{"surface":"φέρειν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of σπερχοίατ̓","gloss":"to bring"},{"surface":"πολύδακρυν","lemma":"πολύδακρυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"tear-filled"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρειν","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b19-l319","source":"νῦν δὲ σὺ μὲν κεῖσαι δεδαϊγμένος, αὐτὰρ ἐμὸν κῆρ","translation":"But now you lie mangled, while my heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖσαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖσαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεῖσαι","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"δεδαϊγμένος","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mangled"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b19-l320","source":"ἄκμηνον πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος, ἔνδον ἐόντων,","translation":"fasts from drink and food, though both are here within,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκμηνον","lemma":"ἄκμηνος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fasting","note":"The adjective means fasting or unfed; Achilles transfers that bodily state to his grieving heart."},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"from drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντων","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐόντων","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"though present"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b19-l321","source":"σῇ ποθῇ· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακώτερον ἄλλο πάθοιμι,","translation":"in longing for you. Nothing worse than this could befall me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῇ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ποθῇ","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ποθῇ","lemma":"ποθή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθοιμι","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"κακώτερον","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πάθοιμι","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could suffer"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b19-l322","source":"οὐδʼ εἴ κεν τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποφθιμένοιο πυθοίμην,","translation":"not even if I learned that my father had died,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"of my"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πυθοίμην","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀποφθιμένοιο","lemma":"ἀποφθίνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having died"},{"surface":"πυθοίμην","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"I learned"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b19-l323","source":"ὅς που νῦν Φθίηφι τέρεν κατὰ δάκρυον εἴβει","translation":"who now in Phthia surely sheds tender tears","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴβει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴβει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Φθίηφι","lemma":"Φθία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἴβει","gloss":"in Phthia"},{"surface":"τέρεν","lemma":"τέρην","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυον","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δάκρυον","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἴβει","gloss":"tear"},{"surface":"εἴβει","lemma":"εἴβω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πατρὸς","gloss":"sheds"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b19-l324","source":"χήτεϊ τοιοῦδʼ υἷος· ὃ δʼ ἀλλοδαπῷ ἐνὶ δήμῳ","translation":"for want of such a son, while I in a foreign land","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χήτεϊ","lemma":"χῆτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εἴβει","gloss":"for want"},{"surface":"τοιοῦδ","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies υἷος","gloss":"of such"},{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χήτεϊ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀλλοδαπῷ","lemma":"ἀλλοδαπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b19-l325","source":"εἵνεκα ῥιγεδανῆς Ἑλένης Τρωσὶν πολεμίζω·","translation":"fight the Trojans for the sake of hateful Helen;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"ῥιγεδανῆς","lemma":"ῥιγεδανός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλένης","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"Ἑλένης","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"Helen"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πολεμίζω","gloss":"against Trojans"},{"surface":"πολεμίζω","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὃ","gloss":"I fight"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b19-l326","source":"ἠὲ τὸν ὃς Σκύρῳ μοι ἔνι τρέφεται φίλος υἱός,","translation":"or of my dear son, who is being reared for me on Scyros,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Σκύρῳ","lemma":"Σκῦρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"Scyros"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τρέφεται","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"τρέφεται","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"is raised"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b19-l327","source":"εἴ που ἔτι ζώει γε Νεοπτόλεμος θεοειδής.","translation":"if godlike Neoptolemus is still alive.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζώει","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ζώει","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Νεοπτόλεμος","lemma":"Νεοπτόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ζώει","gloss":"Neoptolemus"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νεοπτόλεμος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b19-l328","source":"πρὶν μὲν γάρ μοι θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐώλπει","translation":"Before now the heart within my breast had hoped","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐώλπει","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐώλπει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἐώλπει","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had hoped"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b19-l329","source":"οἶον ἐμὲ φθίσεσθαι ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο","translation":"that I alone would perish far from horse-pasturing Argos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φθίσεσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φθίσεσθαι","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"to perish"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"Ἄργεος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"ἱπποβότοιο","lemma":"ἱππόβοτος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργεος","gloss":"horse-pasturing"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b19-l330","source":"αὐτοῦ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ, σὲ δέ τε Φθίην δὲ νέεσθαι,","translation":"here in Troy, but that you would return to Phthia,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φθίσεσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νέεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Φθίην","lemma":"Φθία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of νέεσθαι","gloss":"Phthia"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b19-l331","source":"ὡς ἄν μοι τὸν παῖδα θοῇ ἐνὶ νηῒ μελαίνῃ","translation":"so that in a swift black ship you might bring my boy","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξαγάγοις","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b19-l332","source":"Σκυρόθεν ἐξαγάγοις καί οἱ δείξειας ἕκαστα","translation":"from Scyros and show him everything:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σκυρόθεν","lemma":"Σκῦρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξαγάγοις","gloss":"from Scyros"},{"surface":"ἐξαγάγοις","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"you might bring"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δείξειας","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δείξειας","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"might show"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b19-l333","source":"κτῆσιν ἐμὴν δμῶάς τε καὶ ὑψερεφὲς μέγα δῶμα.","translation":"my possessions, my servants, and my great high-roofed house.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτῆσιν","lemma":"κτῆσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ἐμὴν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κτῆσιν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δμῶάς","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"servants"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὑψερεφὲς","lemma":"ὑψερεφής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"high-roofed"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b19-l334","source":"ἤδη γὰρ Πηλῆά γʼ ὀΐομαι ἢ κατὰ πάμπαν","translation":"For by now I suppose that Peleus has either wholly","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεθνάμεν","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Πηλῆά","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤ","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I suppose"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεθνάμεν","gloss":"altogether"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b19-l335","source":"τεθνάμεν, ἤ που τυτθὸν ἔτι ζώοντʼ ἀκάχησθαι","translation":"died, or still lives a little while, weighed down","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεθνάμεν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of ἤ","gloss":"to have died"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ζώοντ̓","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζώοντ̓","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ζώοντ","lemma":"ζάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀκάχησθαι","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"ἀκάχησθαι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive infinitive","role":"object of ἤ","gloss":"weighed down"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b19-l336","source":"γήραΐ τε στυγερῷ καὶ ἐμὴν ποτιδέγμενον αἰεὶ","translation":"by hateful age and forever awaiting from me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γήραΐ","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"by old 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λυγρὴν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγγελίην","gloss":"woeful"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποτιδέγμενον","gloss":"news"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀποφθιμένοιο","lemma":"ἀποφθίνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of πύθηται","gloss":"that I have died"},{"surface":"πύθηται","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"he learns"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b19-l338","source":"ὣς ἔφατο κλαίων, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γέροντες,","translation":"So he spoke, weeping, and the elders groaned around him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔφατο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said"},{"surface":"κλαίων","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στενάχοντο","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"γέροντες","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of στενάχοντο","gloss":"elders"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b19-l339","source":"μνησάμενοι τὰ ἕκαστος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔλειπον·","translation":"each remembering what he had left behind in his halls.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνησάμενοι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντο","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔλειπον","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔλειπον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of μνησάμενοι","gloss":"had left"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b19-l340","source":"μυρομένους δʼ ἄρα τούς γε ἰδὼν ἐλέησε Κρονίων,","translation":"The son of Cronos saw them mourning and pitied them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρομένους","lemma":"μύρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mourning"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τούς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλέησε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἐλέησε","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλέησε","gloss":"son of Cronos","note":"This patronymic names Zeus as the son of Cronos."}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b19-l341","source":"αἶψα δʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and at once addressed Athena with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b19-l342","source":"τέκνον ἐμόν, δὴ πάμπαν ἀποίχεαι ἀνδρὸς ἑῆος.","translation":"\"My child, you have utterly abandoned your own man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐμόν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποίχεαι","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"ἀποίχεαι","lemma":"ἀποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have abandoned"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποίχεαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἑῆος","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"your own"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b19-l343","source":"ἦ νύ τοι οὐκέτι πάγχυ μετὰ φρεσὶ μέμβλετʼ Ἀχιλλεύς;","translation":"Does Achilles no longer concern your heart at all?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμβλετ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of μέμβλετ̓","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμβλετ̓","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμβλετ̓","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural 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particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ὀρθοκραιράων","lemma":"ὀρθόκραιρος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεῶν","gloss":"high-horned"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b19-l345","source":"ἧσται ὀδυρόμενος ἕταρον φίλον· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι","translation":"mourning his dear companion; the others now","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσται","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sits"},{"surface":"ὀδυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχονται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have gone"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄκμηνος","lemma":"ἄκμηνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fasting"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄπαστος","lemma":"ἄπαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"without food"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b19-l347","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴθι οἱ νέκτάρ τε καὶ ἀμβροσίην ἐρατεινὴν","translation":"Go, then, and drip nectar and lovely ambrosia","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies στήθεσσ̓","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"νέκτάρ","lemma":"νέκταρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"nectar"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίην","lemma":"ἀμβροσίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ambrosia"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινὴν","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμβροσίην","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b19-l348","source":"στάξον ἐνὶ στήθεσσʼ, ἵνα μή μιν λιμὸς ἵκηται.","translation":"into his breast, so that hunger may not come upon him.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στάξον","lemma":"στάζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drip"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσ","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"λιμὸς","lemma":"λιμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"hunger"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may reach"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b19-l349","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε πάρος μεμαυῖαν Ἀθήνην·","translation":"So speaking, he spurred on Athena, who was eager already,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαυῖαν","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖαν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies Ἀθήνην","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b19-l350","source":"ἣ δʼ ἅρπῃ ἐϊκυῖα τανυπτέρυγι λιγυφώνῳ","translation":"and like a falcon, long-winged and clear-voiced,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l350.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἅρπῃ ἐϊκυῖα τανυπτέρυγι λιγυφώνῳ","title":"Athena as a falcon","body":"Athena's descent is compressed into a bird simile: she is like a falcon in its long wings and piercing voice. The comparison conveys the speed and predatory force of her movement from heaven."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκκατεπᾶλτο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρπῃ","lemma":"ἅρπη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐϊκυῖα","gloss":"falcon"},{"surface":"ἐϊκυῖα","lemma":"εἰκός","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐκκατεπᾶλτο","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τανυπτέρυγι","lemma":"τανυπτέρυξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅρπῃ","gloss":"long-winged"},{"surface":"λιγυφώνῳ","lemma":"λιγύφωνος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅρπῃ","gloss":"clear-voiced"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b19-l351","source":"οὐρανοῦ ἐκκατεπᾶλτο διʼ αἰθέρος. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"she darted down from heaven through the upper air. Meanwhile the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανοῦ","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκκατεπᾶλτο","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"ἐκκατεπᾶλτο","lemma":"ἐκκαταπάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"darted down"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"αἰθέρος","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δἰ","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of θωρήσσοντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b19-l352","source":"αὐτίκα θωρήσσοντο κατὰ στρατόν· ἣ δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ","translation":"at once armed throughout the camp; and she, for Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσοντο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"θωρήσσοντο","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed themselves"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"στρατόν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of στάξ̓","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to στάξ̓","gloss":"for Achilles"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b19-l353","source":"νέκταρ ἐνὶ στήθεσσι καὶ ἀμβροσίην ἐρατεινὴν","translation":"dripped nectar and lovely ambrosia within his breast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νέκταρ","lemma":"νέκταρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"nectar"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίην","lemma":"ἀμβροσίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ambrosia"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινὴν","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμβροσίην","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b19-l354","source":"στάξʼ, ἵνα μή μιν λιμὸς ἀτερπὴς γούναθʼ ἵκοιτο·","translation":"so that joyless hunger might not reach his knees;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στάξ","lemma":"στάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dripped"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκοιτο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"λιμὸς","lemma":"λιμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκοιτο","gloss":"hunger"},{"surface":"ἀτερπὴς","lemma":"ἀτερπής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λιμὸς","gloss":"joyless"},{"surface":"γούναθ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκοιτο","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἵκοιτο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might reach"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b19-l355","source":"αὐτὴ δὲ πρὸς πατρὸς ἐρισθενέος πυκινὸν δῶ","translation":"then she went to the close-built house of her mighty father,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ᾤχετο","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"father’s"},{"surface":"ἐρισθενέος","lemma":"ἐρισθενής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"πυκινὸν","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"close-built"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b19-l356","source":"ᾤχετο, τοὶ δʼ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν ἐχέοντο θοάων.","translation":"while the men poured out away from the swift ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐχέοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐχέοντο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured out"},{"surface":"θοάων","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεῶν","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b19-l357","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε ταρφειαὶ νιφάδες Διὸς ἐκποτέονται","translation":"As when thick snowflakes fly from Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l357.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ταρφειαὶ νιφάδες","title":"An army like thick snow","body":"The repeated adjective ταρφειαί, \"thick\" or \"close-packed,\" links the snowflakes to the massed pieces of armor in the lines that follow. The simile makes the army's deployment feel at once innumerable and driven by divine weather."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκποτέονται","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ταρφειαὶ","lemma":"ταρφειός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thick-falling","note":"The adjective emphasizes dense, frequent flakes, matching the mass of armor streaming from the ships."},{"surface":"νιφάδες","lemma":"νιφάς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκποτέονται","gloss":"snowflakes"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκποτέονται","gloss":"from Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐκποτέονται","lemma":"ἐκποτάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐκφορέοντο","gloss":"fly out"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b19-l358","source":"ψυχραὶ ὑπὸ ῥιπῆς αἰθρηγενέος Βορέαο,","translation":"cold beneath the blast of clear-sky-born Boreas,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψυχραὶ","lemma":"ψυχρός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νιφάδες","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ῥιπῆς","lemma":"ῥιπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"blast"},{"surface":"αἰθρηγενέος","lemma":"αἰθρηγενής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Βορέαο","gloss":"clear-sky-born"},{"surface":"Βορέαο","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥιπῆς","gloss":"Boreas"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b19-l359","source":"ὣς τότε ταρφειαὶ κόρυθες λαμπρὸν γανόωσαι","translation":"so then thick and brightly gleaming helmets","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκφορέοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκφορέοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ταρφειαὶ","lemma":"ταρφειός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thickly"},{"surface":"κόρυθες","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"helmets"},{"surface":"λαμπρὸν","lemma":"λαμπρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γανόωσαι","gloss":"brightly"},{"surface":"γανόωσαι","lemma":"γανάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifies κόρυθες","gloss":"gleaming"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b19-l360","source":"νηῶν ἐκφορέοντο καὶ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι","translation":"streamed from the ships, and bossed shields,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκφορέοντο","gloss":"from ships"},{"surface":"ἐκφορέοντο","lemma":"ἐκφορέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"streamed out"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδες","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλόεσσαι","lemma":"ὀμφαλόεις","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδες","gloss":"bossed"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b19-l361","source":"θώρηκές τε κραταιγύαλοι καὶ μείλινα δοῦρα.","translation":"strong-plated corselets, and ash-wood spears.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l361.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κραταιγύαλοι","title":"Strong-plated corselets","body":"κραταιγύαλος describes corselets reinforced with strong curved plates. Homer builds the mustering army from named pieces of equipment rather than reducing the sight to a general glitter."}],"words":[{"surface":"θώρηκές","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"corselets"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κραταιγύαλοι","lemma":"κραταιγύαλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θώρηκές","gloss":"strong-plated"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μείλινα","lemma":"μέλινος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"ash-wood"},{"surface":"δοῦρα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b19-l362","source":"αἴγλη δʼ οὐρανὸν ἷκε, γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα περὶ χθὼν","translation":"The gleam reached heaven, and all the earth around laughed","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l362.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γέλασσε","title":"The earth laughed","body":"γέλασσε literally says that the earth \"laughed\" beneath the bronze flash. The vivid personification turns reflected light into a sudden brightness across the whole landscape."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴγλη","lemma":"αἴγλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἷκε","gloss":"gleam"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἷκε","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἷκε","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"γέλασσε","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθὼν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies χθὼν","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χθὼν","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γέλασσε","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b19-l363","source":"χαλκοῦ ὑπὸ στεροπῆς· ὑπὸ δὲ κτύπος ὄρνυτο ποσσὶν","translation":"under the bronze's flash; beneath the men's feet a clamor rose,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκοῦ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στεροπῆς","gloss":"of bronze"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"στεροπῆς","lemma":"στεροπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"flash"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτύπος","lemma":"κτύπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυτο","gloss":"clamor"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"feet"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b19-l364","source":"ἀνδρῶν· ἐν δὲ μέσοισι κορύσσετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"and in their midst godlike Achilles armed himself.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποσσὶν","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέσοισι","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"their midst"},{"surface":"κορύσσετο","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed himself"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κορύσσετο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b19-l365","source":"τοῦ καὶ ὀδόντων μὲν καναχὴ πέλε, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε","translation":"His teeth gnashed, and his two eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀδόντων","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀδόντων","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καναχὴ","gloss":"of teeth"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καναχὴ","lemma":"καναχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέλε","gloss":"gnashing"},{"surface":"πέλε","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter article","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of λαμπέσθην","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b19-l366","source":"λαμπέσθην ὡς εἴ τε πυρὸς σέλας, ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ","translation":"blazed like a flare of fire, while into his heart","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαμπέσθην","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blazed"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"typically"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies σέλας","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"σέλας","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"flare"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b19-l367","source":"δῦνʼ ἄχος ἄτλητον· ὃ δʼ ἄρα Τρωσὶν μενεαίνων","translation":"entered unbearable grief; raging against the Trojans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l367.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄχος ἄτλητον","title":"Unbearable grief","body":"The force driving Achilles into armor is ἄχος, grief, intensified as \"unbearable.\" His martial fury grows out of mourning for Patroclus rather than replacing it."}],"words":[{"surface":"δῦν","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δῦν̓","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἄτλητον","lemma":"ἄτλητος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"unbearable"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύσετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μενεαίνων","gloss":"against Trojans"},{"surface":"μενεαίνων","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δύσετο","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b19-l368","source":"δύσετο δῶρα θεοῦ, τά οἱ Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων.","translation":"he put on the god's gifts, which Hephaestus had labored to make.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσετο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δύσετο","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"of the god"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of κάμε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάμε","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"κάμε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"labored","note":"The verb conveys the labor Hephaestus spent on forging the armor, not merely fatigue."},{"surface":"τεύχων","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"making"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b19-l369","source":"κνημῖδας μὲν πρῶτα περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε","translation":"First he set greaves about his shins,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνημῖδας","lemma":"κνημίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"greaves"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"κνήμῃσιν","lemma":"κνήμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"shins"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b19-l370","source":"καλὰς ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας·","translation":"fine ones, fitted with silver ankle-pieces;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l370.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπισφυρίοις","title":"Ankle-pieces","body":"The ἐπισφύρια are fastenings or guards fitted at the ankle. The detail begins an exact arming sequence that proceeds upward and outward from greaves to corselet, sword, shield, and helmet."}],"words":[{"surface":"καλὰς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κνημῖδας","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέοισιν","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπισφυρίοις","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"ἐπισφυρίοις","lemma":"ἐπισφύρια","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀραρυίας","gloss":"ankle-pieces"},{"surface":"ἀραρυίας","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies κνημῖδας","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b19-l371","source":"δεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνεν.","translation":"and next he put on about his chest the corselet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερον","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔδυνεν","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδυνεν","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"θώρηκα","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδυνεν","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ἔδυνεν","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b19-l372","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον","translation":"and about his shoulders he slung his silver-studded sword;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"βάλετο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slung"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλετο","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόηλον","lemma":"ἀργυρόηλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"silver-studded"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b19-l373","source":"χάλκεον· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε","translation":"of bronze; then he took up the great and sturdy shield,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵλετο","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στιβαρόν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b19-l374","source":"εἵλετο, τοῦ δʼ ἀπάνευθε σέλας γένετʼ ἠΰτε μήνης.","translation":"and from it a gleam shone far off, like the moon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l374.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠΰτε μήνης","title":"Like the moon","body":"The new shield's first comparison is to the distant light of the moon. The following simile expands that far-seen gleam into a fire glimpsed by sailors at sea."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"from it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"σέλας","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"gleam"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"μήνης","lemma":"μήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"moon"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b19-l375","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἐκ πόντοιο σέλας ναύτῃσι φανήῃ","translation":"As when from the sea a light appears to sailors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πόντοιο","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"σέλας","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φανήῃ","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ναύτῃσι","lemma":"ναύτης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φανήῃ","gloss":"to sailors"},{"surface":"φανήῃ","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"appears"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b19-l376","source":"καιομένοιο πυρός, τό τε καίεται ὑψόθʼ ὄρεσφι","translation":"from a burning fire that blazes high in the mountains","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καιομένοιο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies πυρός","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"πυρός","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies σέλας","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of καίεται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"typically"},{"surface":"καίεται","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"burns"},{"surface":"ὑψόθ","lemma":"ὑψόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καίεται","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ὄρεσφι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καίεται","gloss":"in mountains"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b19-l377","source":"σταθμῷ ἐν οἰοπόλῳ· τοὺς δʼ οὐκ ἐθέλοντας ἄελλαι","translation":"at a lonely steading, while storms carry them against their will","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σταθμῷ","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"steading"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἰοπόλῳ","lemma":"οἰοπόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σταθμῷ","gloss":"lonely"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρουσιν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντας","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"ἄελλαι","lemma":"ἄελλα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of φέρουσιν","gloss":"storms"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b19-l378","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα φίλων ἀπάνευθε φέρουσιν·","translation":"over the fish-filled sea, far from their friends;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἰχθυόεντα","lemma":"ἰχθυόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"fish-filled"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"φέρουσιν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b19-l379","source":"ὣς ἀπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος σάκεος σέλας αἰθέρʼ ἵκανε","translation":"so the gleam from Achilles' shield reached the upper air,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σάκεος","gloss":"Achilles’"},{"surface":"σάκεος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"σέλας","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκανε","gloss":"gleam"},{"surface":"αἰθέρ","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανε","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b19-l380","source":"καλοῦ δαιδαλέου· περὶ δὲ τρυφάλειαν ἀείρας","translation":"the lovely, cunning work; and lifting the helmet","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλοῦ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκεος","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"δαιδαλέου","lemma":"δαιδάλεος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκεος","gloss":"cunning-worked"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρυφάλειαν","lemma":"τρυφάλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέτο","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θέτο","gloss":"lifting"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b19-l381","source":"κρατὶ θέτο βριαρήν· ἣ δʼ ἀστὴρ ὣς ἀπέλαμπεν","translation":"he set the massive thing upon his head; it shone like a star,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρατὶ","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέτο","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"θέτο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"βριαρήν","lemma":"βριαρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρυφάλειαν","gloss":"massive"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies τρυφάλεια","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀστὴρ","lemma":"ἀστήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"star"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἀπέλαμπεν","lemma":"ἀπολάμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shone out"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b19-l382","source":"ἵππουρις τρυφάλεια, περισσείοντο δʼ ἔθειραι","translation":"the horsehair-plumed helmet, and around it streamed the hairs","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππουρις","lemma":"ἵππουρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρυφάλεια","gloss":"horsehair-plumed"},{"surface":"τρυφάλεια","lemma":"τρυφάλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέλαμπεν","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"περισσείοντο","lemma":"περισείομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"streamed around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθειραι","lemma":"ἔθειρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of περισσείοντο","gloss":"hairs"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b19-l383","source":"χρύσεαι, ἃς Ἥφαιστος ἵει λόφον ἀμφὶ θαμειάς.","translation":"of gold that Hephaestus had set thick about the crest.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l383.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χρύσεαι","title":"Golden crest-hairs","body":"The adjective χρύσεαι completes ἔθειραι, \"long hairs,\" from the preceding line: they are golden strands set around the helmet's crest by Hephaestus. They stream and shimmer around the horsehair plume as Achilles moves."}],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσεαι","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔθειραι","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἵει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵει","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"ἵει","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔθειραι","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"λόφον","lemma":"λόφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"crest"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"θαμειάς","lemma":"θαμέες","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thickly"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b19-l384","source":"πειρήθη δʼ ἕο αὐτοῦ ἐν ἔντεσι δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"Then godlike Achilles tried himself in his armor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πειρήθη","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tested"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕο","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πειρήθη","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἔντεσι","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πειρήθη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b19-l385","source":"εἰ οἷ ἐφαρμόσσειε καὶ ἐντρέχοι ἀγλαὰ γυῖα·","translation":"to see whether it fitted him and his glorious limbs moved freely;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφαρμόσσειε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἐφαρμόσσειε","lemma":"ἐφαρμόζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"fitted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐντρέχοι","lemma":"ἐντρέχω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"moved freely"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐντρέχοι","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b19-l386","source":"τῷ δʼ εὖτε πτερὰ γίγνετʼ, ἄειρε δὲ ποιμένα λαῶν.","translation":"the armor became like wings for him and lifted the shepherd of the people.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to γίγνετ̓","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖτε","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"πτερὰ","lemma":"πτερόν","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wings","note":"The armor feels like wings: its perfect fit makes Achilles seem buoyant rather than burdened."},{"surface":"γίγνετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"ἄειρε","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄειρε","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b19-l387","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἄρα σύριγγος πατρώϊον ἐσπάσατʼ ἔγχος","translation":"Then from its rack he drew his father's spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σύριγγος","lemma":"σῦριγξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"rack","note":"Here the word denotes the rack or case from which Achilles draws his father’s spear."},{"surface":"πατρώϊον","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"his father’s"},{"surface":"ἐσπάσατ","lemma":"σπάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐσπάσατ̓","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b19-l388","source":"βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν· τὸ μὲν οὐ δύνατʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"heavy, great, and stout; no other Achaean could","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βριθὺ","lemma":"βριθύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"στιβαρόν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάλλειν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύνατ","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was able"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of δύνατ̓","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b19-l389","source":"πάλλειν, ἀλλά μιν οἶος ἐπίστατο πῆλαι Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"brandish it, but Achilles alone knew how to wield","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάλλειν","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δύνατ̓","gloss":"to brandish"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πῆλαι","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐπίστατο","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew how"},{"surface":"πῆλαι","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπίστατο","gloss":"to wield"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπίστατο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b19-l390","source":"Πηλιάδα μελίην, τὴν πατρὶ φίλῳ πόρε Χείρων","translation":"the Pelian ash spear that Chiron gave his dear father","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλιάδα","lemma":"Πηλιάς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μελίην","gloss":"Pelian","note":"“Pelian” identifies the spear by Mount Pelion, where Chiron cut and gave it to Peleus."},{"surface":"μελίην","lemma":"μελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"ash spear"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μελίην","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Χείρων","lemma":"Χείρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πόρε","gloss":"Chiron"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b19-l391","source":"Πηλίου ἐκ κορυφῆς φόνον ἔμμεναι ἡρώεσσιν·","translation":"from Pelion's summit, to be death for heroes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλίου","lemma":"Πήλιον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κορυφῆς","gloss":"Pelion's"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κορυφῆς","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"summit"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πόρε","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἡρώεσσιν","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"for heroes"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b19-l392","source":"ἵππους δʼ Αὐτομέδων τε καὶ Ἄλκιμος ἀμφιέποντες","translation":"Automedon and Alcimus tended the horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ζεύγνυον","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Ἄλκιμος","lemma":"Ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Alcimus"},{"surface":"ἀμφιέποντες","lemma":"ἀμφιέπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ζεύγνυον","gloss":"tending"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b19-l393","source":"ζεύγνυον· ἀμφὶ δὲ καλὰ λέπαδνʼ ἕσαν, ἐν δὲ χαλινοὺς","translation":"and yoked them; they put the fine neck-straps about them, set the bits","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζεύγνυον","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yoked"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕσαν","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λέπαδν̓","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"λέπαδν","lemma":"λέπαδνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσαν","gloss":"neck-straps"},{"surface":"ἕσαν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλινοὺς","lemma":"χαλινός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλον","gloss":"bits"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b19-l394","source":"γαμφηλῇς ἔβαλον, κατὰ δʼ ἡνία τεῖναν ὀπίσσω","translation":"between their jaws, and drew the reins backward","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαμφηλῇς","lemma":"γαμφηλαί","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλον","gloss":"jaws"},{"surface":"ἔβαλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τεῖναν","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"τεῖναν","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew taut"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεῖναν","gloss":"backward"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b19-l395","source":"κολλητὸν ποτὶ δίφρον. ὃ δὲ μάστιγα φαεινὴν","translation":"toward the well-jointed chariot. Then the shining whip,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κολλητὸν","lemma":"κολλητός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρον","gloss":"well-jointed"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Αὐτομέδων","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάστιγα","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λαβὼν","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"φαεινὴν","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάστιγα","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b19-l396","source":"χειρὶ λαβὼν ἀραρυῖαν ἐφʼ ἵπποιιν ἀνόρουσεν","translation":"well made, he took in hand and sprang up behind the horses—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"in hand"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνόρουσεν","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ἀραρυῖαν","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies μάστιγα","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἵπποιιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσεν","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b19-l397","source":"Αὐτομέδων· ὄπιθεν δὲ κορυσσάμενος βῆ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"Automedon; behind him mounted Achilles, armed for war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l397.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Αὐτομέδων","title":"The driver's name delayed","body":"The name Αὐτομέδων comes after the verb ἀνόρουσεν across the line break, revealing that he is the one who springs onto the chariot with the whip. Achilles mounts behind him; Automedon remains the driver."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνόρουσεν","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κορυσσάμενος","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"having armed"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b19-l398","source":"τεύχεσι παμφαίνων ὥς τʼ ἠλέκτωρ Ὑπερίων,","translation":"his armor flashing like Hyperion the Sun,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παμφαίνων","gloss":"in armor"},{"surface":"παμφαίνων","lemma":"παμφαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"flashing all over"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"typically"},{"surface":"ἠλέκτωρ","lemma":"ἠλέκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὑπερίων","gloss":"shining sun"},{"surface":"Ὑπερίων","lemma":"Ὑπερίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hyperion"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b19-l399","source":"σμερδαλέον δʼ ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο πατρὸς ἑοῖο·","translation":"and terribly he called to his father's horses:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποισιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"to the horses"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποισιν","gloss":"father’s"},{"surface":"ἑοῖο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b19-l400","source":"Ξάνθέ τε καὶ Βαλίε τηλεκλυτὰ τέκνα Ποδάργης","translation":"\"Xanthus and Balius, far-famed children of Podarge,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ξάνθέ","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Βαλίε","lemma":"Βαλίος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Balius"},{"surface":"τηλεκλυτὰ","lemma":"τηλεκλυτός","morphology":"vocative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"Ποδάργης","lemma":"Ποδάργη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"of Podarge"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b19-l401","source":"ἄλλως δὴ φράζεσθε σαωσέμεν ἡνιοχῆα","translation":"take better thought this time to save your driver","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράζεσθε","gloss":"better this time","note":"Literally “otherwise”; after Patroclus’s loss it means “differently this time,” hence better care."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φράζεσθε","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take thought"},{"surface":"σαωσέμεν","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φράζεσθε","gloss":"to save"},{"surface":"ἡνιοχῆα","lemma":"ἡνιοχεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σαωσέμεν","gloss":"driver"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b19-l402","source":"ἂψ Δαναῶν ἐς ὅμιλον ἐπεί χʼ ἕωμεν πολέμοιο,","translation":"and bring him back to the Danaan throng when we have our fill of battle;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σαωσέμεν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἕωμεν","lemma":"ἕωμεν","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"we have our fill"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕωμεν","gloss":"of battle"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b19-l403","source":"μηδʼ ὡς Πάτροκλον λίπετʼ αὐτόθι τεθνηῶτα.","translation":"do not leave him there dead, as you left Patroclus.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"λίπετ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you left"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπετ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b19-l404","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὸ ζυγόφι προσέφη πόδας αἰόλος ἵππος","translation":"Then from beneath the yoke the swift-footed horse answered him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ζυγόφι","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"the yoke"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to αἰόλος","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"αἰόλος","lemma":"αἰόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ξάνθος","gloss":"quick-darting","note":"The adjective suggests quick, darting movement and combines with “feet” to characterize Xanthus’s speed."},{"surface":"ἵππος","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ξάνθος","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b19-l405","source":"Ξάνθος, ἄφαρ δʼ ἤμυσε καρήατι· πᾶσα δὲ χαίτη","translation":"Xanthus; at once he bowed his head, and all his mane","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ξάνθος","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤμυσε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤμυσε","lemma":"ἠμύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bowed"},{"surface":"καρήατι","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤμυσε","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χαίτη","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαίτη","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκανεν","gloss":"mane"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b19-l406","source":"ζεύγλης ἐξεριποῦσα παρὰ ζυγὸν οὖδας ἵκανεν·","translation":"streamed from the yoke-strap beside the yoke and reached the ground.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζεύγλης","lemma":"ζεύγλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξεριποῦσα","gloss":"from the yoke-strap"},{"surface":"ἐξεριποῦσα","lemma":"ἐξερείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἵκανεν","gloss":"streaming down"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"οὖδας","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκανεν","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἵκανεν","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b19-l407","source":"αὐδήεντα δʼ ἔθηκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη·","translation":"The white-armed goddess Hera gave him speech:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐδήεντα","lemma":"αὐδήεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of ἔθηκε","gloss":"able to speak","note":"Hera makes Xanthus voice-bearing—that is, capable of human speech."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔθηκε","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b19-l408","source":"καὶ λίην σʼ ἔτι νῦν γε σαώσομεν ὄβριμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ·","translation":"\"Yes, mighty Achilles, we will still save you now,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σαώσομεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σαώσομεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σαώσομεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σαώσομεν","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we will save"},{"surface":"ὄβριμ","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεῦ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b19-l409","source":"ἀλλά τοι ἐγγύθεν ἦμαρ ὀλέθριον· οὐδέ τοι ἡμεῖς","translation":"but your day of doom is near; and we are not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγύθεν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ὀλέθριον","lemma":"ὀλέθριος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"fatal"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"be assured"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b19-l410","source":"αἴτιοι, ἀλλὰ θεός τε μέγας καὶ Μοῖρα κραταιή.","translation":"to blame, but a great god and mighty Fate.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴτιοι","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"responsible"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Fate"},{"surface":"κραταιή","lemma":"κραταιός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μοῖρα","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b19-l411","source":"οὐδὲ γὰρ ἡμετέρῃ βραδυτῆτί τε νωχελίῃ τε","translation":"Nor was it through our slowness or our slackness","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρῃ","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"βραδυτῆτί","lemma":"βραδυτής","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"slowness"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"νωχελίῃ","lemma":"νωχελία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"slackness"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b19-l412","source":"Τρῶες ἀπʼ ὤμοιιν Πατρόκλου τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο·","translation":"that the Trojans stripped the armor from Patroclus' shoulders;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλοντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμοιιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλου","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὤμοιιν","gloss":"of Patroclus"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b19-l413","source":"ἀλλὰ θεῶν ὤριστος, ὃν ἠΰκομος τέκε Λητώ,","translation":"but the best of the gods, whom lovely-haired Leto bore,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὤριστος","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"ὤριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἠΰκομος","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λητώ","gloss":"lovely-haired"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὤριστος","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Λητώ","lemma":"Λητώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"Leto"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b19-l414","source":"ἔκτανʼ ἐνὶ προμάχοισι καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ἔδωκε.","translation":"killed him among the front ranks and gave Hector glory.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκταν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"προμάχοισι","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"front fighters"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to Hector"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b19-l415","source":"νῶϊ δὲ καί κεν ἅμα πνοιῇ Ζεφύροιο θέοιμεν,","translation":"We two could run abreast with the breath of Zephyrus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θέοιμεν","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"πνοιῇ","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"Ζεφύροιο","lemma":"Ζέφυρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πνοιῇ","gloss":"of Zephyrus"},{"surface":"θέοιμεν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might run"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b19-l416","source":"ἥν περ ἐλαφροτάτην φάσʼ ἔμμεναι· ἀλλὰ σοὶ αὐτῷ","translation":"which they say is the swiftest; but for you yourself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐλαφροτάτην","lemma":"ἐλαφρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swiftest"},{"surface":"φάσ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πνοιῇ","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φάσ̓","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b19-l417","source":"μόρσιμόν ἐστι θεῷ τε καὶ ἀνέρι ἶφι δαμῆναι.","translation":"you are fated to be brought down by force, by a god and a man.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l417.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θεῷ τε καὶ ἀνέρι","title":"By a god and a man","body":"The two datives express the agents of the passive infinitive δαμῆναι: Achilles is fated to be overcome by both a god and a man. The prophecy distributes agency across divine and mortal power without yet naming either killer."}],"words":[{"surface":"μόρσιμόν","lemma":"μόρσιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fated"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θεῷ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"by a god"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀνέρι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"by a man"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαμῆναι","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"δαμῆναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"to be slain","note":"The passive infinitive states the prophecy: Achilles is fated to be overcome through both divine and human force."}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b19-l418","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντος Ἐρινύες ἔσχεθον αὐδήν.","translation":"As he spoke, the Erinyes stopped his voice.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσαντος","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσαντος","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσχεθον","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"Ἐρινύες","lemma":"Ἐρινύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσχεθον","gloss":"Erinyes"},{"surface":"ἔσχεθον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"plural","role":"main verb","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔσχεθον","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b19-l419","source":"τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Greatly troubled, swift-footed Achilles answered him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀχθήσας","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b19-l420","source":"Ξάνθε τί μοι θάνατον μαντεύεαι; οὐδέ τί σε χρή.","translation":"\"Xanthus, why prophesy my death? You have no need.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ξάνθε","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μαντεύεαι","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θάνατον","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μαντεύεαι","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"μαντεύεαι","lemma":"μαντεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you prophesy"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χρή","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρή","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"need"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b19-l421","source":"εὖ νυ τὸ οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ μοι μόρος ἐνθάδʼ ὀλέσθαι","translation":"I know well myself that it is my fate to perish here,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μόρος","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"μόρος","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ὀλέσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to perish"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b19-l422","source":"νόσφι φίλου πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔμπης","translation":"far from my dear father and mother; but even so","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"φίλου","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητέρος","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nevertheless"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b19-l423","source":"οὐ λήξω πρὶν Τρῶας ἅδην ἐλάσαι πολέμοιο.","translation":"I will not cease until I have driven the Trojans to their fill of war.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"λήξω","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will cease"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλάσαι","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἅδην","lemma":"ἅδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλάσαι","gloss":"to their fill"},{"surface":"ἐλάσαι","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἅδην","gloss":"of war"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b19-l424","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐν πρώτοις ἰάχων ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους.","translation":"He spoke, and shouting among the front ranks drove the single-hoofed horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b19-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρώτοις","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"ἰάχων","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed","note":"“Single-hoofed” distinguishes horses’ solid hooves from the cloven hooves of other livestock."},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"horses"}]}]}