{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":2,"id":"book-02","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Β","translated":"Book 2 — The Dream, the Testing of the Army, and the Catalogue of Ships"},"section":"The Wrath","summary":"Zeus sends Agamemnon a false dream. He tests the army and it runs for the ships, and Odysseus turns it back. Then the catalogue of ships.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/2","lines":877},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/1","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/3","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b2-l1","source":"ἄλλοι μέν ῥα θεοί τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἱπποκορυσταὶ","translation":"Now all the other gods, and the warriors who fight from chariots,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἱπποκορυσταί","title":"Chariot-fighters","body":"ἱπποκορυσταί joins ἵππος \"horse\" with a root meaning \"to arm, to helm\"; it names men who go to war mounted on chariots, one of Homer's many concrete, gear-naming epithets for fighting men rather than a vague honorific."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...καί here pairs θεοί and ἀνέρες, \"gods\" and \"men,\" into a single joined subject."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἱπποκορυσταὶ","lemma":"ἱπποκορυστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"chariot-fighters","note":"ἱπποκορυστής, literally \"horse-armed,\" names warriors by their gear rather than their branch of service."}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b2-l2","source":"εὗδον παννύχιοι, Δία δʼ οὐκ ἔχε νήδυμος ὕπνος,","translation":"slept the whole night through; but sweet sleep did not hold Zeus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗδον","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"παννύχιοι","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the whole night"},{"surface":"Δία","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"νήδυμος","lemma":"νήδυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"sleep","note":"νήδυμος ὕπνος, \"sweet sleep,\" is a standing Homeric formula for restful sleep — its denial to Zeus alone marks how unusual this troubled night is."}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b2-l3","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε μερμήριζε κατὰ φρένα ὡς Ἀχιλῆα","translation":"but he pondered in his heart how he might","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μερμήριζε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μερμήριζε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τιμήσῃ","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b2-l4","source":"τιμήσῃ, ὀλέσῃ δὲ πολέας ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"honor Achilles, and destroy many Achaeans beside their ships.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τιμήσῃ, ὀλέσῃ","title":"Purpose subjunctive","body":"τιμήσῃ and ὀλέσῃ are aorist subjunctives governed by ὡς, \"how he might honor... and destroy...\": Zeus is not stating a fact but weighing a plan, the grammar of deliberation rather than of accomplished action."}],"words":[{"surface":"τιμήσῃ","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"ὀλέσῃ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"destroy"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀλέσῃ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"of the Achaeans","note":"Ἀχαιῶν here is a possessive genitive on \"ships,\" not a second object of \"destroy\" — the many dead are simply men, understood from πολέας."}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b2-l5","source":"ἥδε δέ οἱ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή,","translation":"And this plan seemed to his heart the best,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies βουλή","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φαίνετο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"βουλή","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"plan","note":"Zeus's βουλή, \"plan,\" here is the deceptive Dream itself — a bitter echo of the \"will of Zeus\" (Διὸς βουλή) named in the poem's opening lines."}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b2-l6","source":"πέμψαι ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι οὖλον ὄνειρον·","translation":"to send a baneful Dream to Agamemnon, son of Atreus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψαι","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"to send"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"οὖλον","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄνειρον","gloss":"baneful"},{"surface":"ὄνειρον","lemma":"ὄνειρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμψαι","gloss":"Dream","note":"Personified as a messenger-being sent by Zeus, capitalized throughout this episode per the poem's convention for the Dream and, later, Rumor."}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b2-l7","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to it, he addressed it with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, literally \"feathered words,\" is one of Homer's most frequent speech-introduction formulas, picturing words as swift things that fly from speaker to hearer. It recurs constantly through the poem and is held to this fixed rendering wherever it appears."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, \"winged words,\" is Homer's standing speech-formula, held to this exact wording wherever it recurs."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b2-l8","source":"βάσκʼ ἴθι οὖλε ὄνειρε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"Go now, baneful Dream, to the swift ships of the Achaeans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάσκ","lemma":"βάσκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"βάσκ' ἴθι doubles two imperatives of motion (\"up, go!\") into one urgent command; the translation renders the pair as a single \"Go now.\""},{"surface":"οὖλε","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄνειρε","gloss":"baneful"},{"surface":"ὄνειρε","lemma":"ὄνειρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Dream"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b2-l9","source":"ἐλθὼν ἐς κλισίην Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο","translation":"go to the hut of Agamemnon, son of Atreus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγορευέμεν","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"son of Atreus"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b2-l10","source":"πάντα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορευέμεν ὡς ἐπιτέλλω·","translation":"and tell him plainly everything, exactly as I charge you:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορευέμεν","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορευέμεν","gloss":"plainly"},{"surface":"ἀγορευέμεν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιτέλλω","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέλλω","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορευέμεν","gloss":"I charge"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b2-l11","source":"θωρῆξαί ἑ κέλευε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"bid him arm the long-haired Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς","title":"Long-haired Achaeans","body":"κάρη κομόωντας, \"wearing their hair long on the head,\" is a standing epithet for the Achaeans distinct from ἐϋκνήμιδες \"well-greaved\" and χαλκοχιτώνων \"bronze-clad\" — Homer keeps several genuine gear- and body-naming epithets for the same people, each held to its own wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"θωρῆξαί","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κέλευε","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θωρῆξαί","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bid"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντας","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"κάρη κομόωντας, literally \"long-haired as to the head,\" is the locked standing epithet \"long-haired Achaeans\"; κάρη itself contributes no separate word to the English."},{"surface":"κομόωντας","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὺς","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of θωρῆξαί","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b2-l12","source":"πανσυδίῃ· νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοι πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν","translation":"with all speed; for now he might take the wide-wayed city","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρυάγυιαν","title":"Wide-wayed city","body":"εὐρυάγυιαν, \"having wide streets,\" is a standing epithet for a great city, applied here to Troy; it recurs whenever Homer names the city as a prize or a goal."}],"words":[{"surface":"πανσυδίῃ","lemma":"πανσυδίῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θωρῆξαί","gloss":"with all speed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἕλοι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might take"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλοι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"εὐρυάγυιαν","lemma":"εὐρυάγυια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"wide-wayed","note":"εὐρυάγυιαν, \"wide-wayed,\" is the locked standing epithet for Troy, distinct from the ordinary word for \"city\" it modifies."}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b2-l13","source":"Τρώων· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες","translation":"of the Trojans, for the immortals who hold the halls of Olympus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράζονται","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράζονται","gloss":"apart","note":"ἀμφὶς φράζονται, \"take counsel apart,\" spans this line and the next — the gods have stopped disagreeing among themselves about the war."},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"of Olympus"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀθάνατοι","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b2-l14","source":"ἀθάνατοι φράζονται· ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας","translation":"no longer take counsel apart; for Hera has bent them all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φράζονται","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"φράζονται","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take counsel"},{"surface":"ἐπέγναμψεν","lemma":"ἐπιγνάμπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has bent"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἅπαντας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπέγναμψεν","gloss":"them all"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b2-l15","source":"Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται.","translation":"by her entreaty, and troubles hang over the Trojans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέγναμψεν","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"λισσομένη","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέγναμψεν","gloss":"entreating"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφῆπται","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐφῆπται","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"ἐφῆπται","lemma":"ἐφάπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hang over"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b2-l16","source":"ὣς φάτο, βῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὄνειρος ἐπεὶ τὸν μῦθον ἄκουσε·","translation":"So he spoke, and the Dream went its way when it had heard the word;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὄνειρος","lemma":"ὄνειρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"Dream","note":"ὄνειρος recurs bare here without the οὖλος \"baneful\" epithet attached in lines 6 and 8, but still refers to the same personified Dream."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἄκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had heard"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b2-l17","source":"καρπαλίμως δʼ ἵκανε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"and swiftly came to the swift ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b2-l18","source":"βῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα· τὸν δὲ κίχανεν","translation":"and went to Agamemnon, son of Atreus; and it found him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κίχανεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κίχανεν","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b2-l19","source":"εὕδοντʼ ἐν κλισίῃ, περὶ δʼ ἀμβρόσιος κέχυθʼ ὕπνος.","translation":"sleeping in his hut, with immortal sleep poured about him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμβρόσιος","title":"Immortal sleep","body":"ἀμβρόσιος, \"immortal, ambrosial,\" is the same root that names the gods' own food; applied to sleep it marks a slumber deep and unbroken enough to belong properly to the gods, which is why the Dream can approach Agamemnon unnoticed."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδοντ","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sleeping"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"his hut"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around","note":"Tmesis: περὶ here is the separated preverb of περιχέω, \"pour around,\" completed by κέχυθ' at the end of the line."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμβρόσιος","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"κέχυθ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"Completes the compound verb περιχέω begun by the preverb περὶ earlier in the line (tmesis)."},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέχυθ̓","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b2-l20","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς Νηληΐῳ υἷι ἐοικώς","translation":"It stood above his head, in the likeness of Neleus' son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"Νηληΐῳ","lemma":"Νηλήιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷι","gloss":"of Neleus"},{"surface":"υἷι","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορι","gloss":"son","note":"\"Neleus' son\" identifies Nestor by patronymic before naming him outright in the next line — the disguise the Dream wears to gain Agamemnon's trust."},{"surface":"ἐοικώς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"in the likeness"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b2-l21","source":"Νέστορι, τόν ῥα μάλιστα γερόντων τῖʼ Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Nestor, whom Agamemnon honored above all the elders;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορι","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικώς","gloss":"Nestor","note":"The Dream has taken Nestor's exact form (see line 20) precisely because Nestor is the elder Agamemnon trusts and honors most — a detail that makes the deception land."},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τῖ̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τῖ̓","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"γερόντων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μάλιστα","gloss":"the elders"},{"surface":"τῖ","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Νέστορι","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τῖ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b2-l22","source":"τῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσεφώνεε θεῖος ὄνειρος·","translation":"in his likeness the divine Dream spoke to him and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐεισάμενος","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐεισάμενος","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεε","gloss":"having likened himself"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"θεῖος","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄνειρος","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ὄνειρος","lemma":"ὄνειρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"Dream"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b2-l23","source":"εὕδεις Ἀτρέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο·","translation":"You sleep, son of wise Atreus, tamer of horses.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδεις","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you sleep"},{"surface":"Ἀτρέος","lemma":"Ἀτρεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"Atreus"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρέος","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρέος","gloss":"tamer of horses","note":"ἱππόδαμος, \"tamer of horses,\" is a standing heroic epithet applied to Atreus here, distinct from its later use for other charioteer-kings."}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b2-l24","source":"οὐ χρὴ παννύχιον εὕδειν βουληφόρον ἄνδρα","translation":"It is not fitting for a counsel-bearing man to sleep all night,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fitting"},{"surface":"παννύχιον","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"εὕδειν","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of χρὴ","gloss":"to sleep"},{"surface":"βουληφόρον","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"counsel-bearing"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὕδειν","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b2-l25","source":"ᾧ λαοί τʼ ἐπιτετράφαται καὶ τόσσα μέμηλε·","translation":"to whom the people are entrusted, and so many cares belong;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"λαοί","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιτετράφαται","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...καὶ here pairs two things entrusted to the king: the people themselves and the many cares that come with ruling them."},{"surface":"ἐπιτετράφαται","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"are entrusted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόσσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μέμηλε","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"μέμηλε","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"cares belong"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b2-l26","source":"νῦν δʼ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα· Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι,","translation":"now hear me quickly, for I am a messenger of Zeus to you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξύνες","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ξύνες","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ξύνες","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξύνες","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄγγελός","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰμι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἄγγελός","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"messenger","note":"ἄγγελος, \"messenger,\" is the Dream's own claim to authority — it speaks as if sent directly by Zeus, which the poem has just confirmed is true."},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b2-l27","source":"ὃς σεῦ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδʼ ἐλεαίρει.","translation":"who, though far off, cares greatly for you and pities you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of κήδεται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἄνευθεν","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐὼν","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"κήδεται","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίρει","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"pities"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b2-l28","source":"θωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"He bids you arm the long-haired Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θωρῆξαί","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κέλευσε","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of θωρῆξαί","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bids"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντας","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Part of the same locked epithet \"long-haired Achaeans\" as line 11; κάρη again contributes no separate English word."},{"surface":"κομόωντας","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὺς","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of θωρῆξαί","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b2-l29","source":"πανσυδίῃ· νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν","translation":"with all speed; for now you might take the wide-wayed city","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πανσυδίῃ","lemma":"πανσυδίῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θωρῆξαί","gloss":"with all speed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοις","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἕλοις","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you might take"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλοις","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"εὐρυάγυιαν","lemma":"εὐρυάγυια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"wide-wayed"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b2-l30","source":"Τρώων· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες","translation":"of the Trojans, for the immortals who hold the halls of Olympus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράζονται","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράζονται","gloss":"apart","note":"ἀμφὶς φράζονται, \"take counsel apart,\" spans this line and the next, repeating the Dream's own words to Agamemnon verbatim from lines 13-14."},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"of Olympus"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀθάνατοι","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b2-l31","source":"ἀθάνατοι φράζονται· ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας","translation":"no longer take counsel apart; for Hera has bent them all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φράζονται","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"φράζονται","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take counsel"},{"surface":"ἐπέγναμψεν","lemma":"ἐπιγνάμπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has bent"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἅπαντας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπέγναμψεν","gloss":"them all"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b2-l32","source":"Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται","translation":"by her entreaty, and troubles hang over the Trojans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέγναμψεν","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"λισσομένη","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέγναμψεν","gloss":"entreating"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφῆπται","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐφῆπται","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"ἐφῆπται","lemma":"ἐφάπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hang over"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b2-l33","source":"ἐκ Διός· ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν ἔχε φρεσί, μηδέ σε λήθη","translation":"from Zeus. But keep this in your mind, and let forgetfulness not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"σῇσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσί","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep","note":"ἔχε φρεσί, \"keep in mind,\" pairs with the next line's warning against forgetfulness (μηδέ σε λήθη αἱρείτω) — the Dream is urging Agamemnon to remember its message exactly, not casting doubt on it."},{"surface":"φρεσί","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of αἱρείτω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"λήθη","lemma":"λήθη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of αἱρείτω","gloss":"forgetfulness"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b2-l34","source":"αἱρείτω εὖτʼ ἄν σε μελίφρων ὕπνος ἀνήῃ.","translation":"seize you, once honey-sweet sleep releases you.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l34.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μηδέ ... αἱρείτω","title":"Third-person prohibitive imperative","body":"αἱρείτω is a present imperative, third person singular, not a subjunctive: the Dream frames \"let forgetfulness not seize you\" as a standing command laid on forgetfulness itself, a Homeric alternative to the more familiar μή + subjunctive prohibition."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἱρείτω","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seize"},{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀνήῃ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μελίφρων","lemma":"μελίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνήῃ","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἀνήῃ","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτ̓","gloss":"releases"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b2-l35","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπεβήσετο, τὸν δὲ λίπʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"So speaking, it departed, and left him there","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεβήσετο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἀπεβήσετο","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed","note":"ἀπεβήσετο, \"departed,\" marks the Dream's exit from the scene; it does not reappear after delivering its message, unlike other divine visitors who linger to watch events unfold."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίπ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίπ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπ̓","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b2-l36","source":"τὰ φρονέοντʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἅ ῥʼ οὐ τελέεσθαι ἔμελλον·","translation":"pondering in his heart things that were not to be fulfilled;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φρονέοντ̓","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"φρονέοντ","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pondering"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμελλον","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τελέεσθαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"to be fulfilled","note":"Dramatic irony: the poem tells us directly that Agamemnon's plan, built on the Dream's lie, is doomed before he even acts on it."},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὰ","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b2-l37","source":"φῆ γὰρ ὅ γʼ αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν ἤματι κείνῳ","translation":"for he thought that he would take Priam's city that very day,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φῆ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αἱρήσειν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φῆ","gloss":"would take"},{"surface":"Πριάμου","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of αἱρήσειν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to αἱρήσειν","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"κείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that very"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b2-l38","source":"νήπιος, οὐδὲ τὰ ᾔδη ἅ ῥα Ζεὺς μήδετο ἔργα·","translation":"fool, and did not know what deeds Zeus was devising;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fool","note":"νήπιος, \"fool,\" is the narrator's own blunt judgment on Agamemnon, breaking in to comment on the character's misplaced confidence."},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μήδετο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"μήδετο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔργα","gloss":"was devising"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ᾔδη","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b2-l39","source":"θήσειν γὰρ ἔτʼ ἔμελλεν ἐπʼ ἄλγεά τε στοναχάς τε","translation":"for Zeus meant still to lay pains and groans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θήσειν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"to lay","note":"Tmesis: ἐπ(ί) earlier in the line is the separated preverb of ἐπιτίθημι, \"lay upon,\" completed by θήσειν."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἄλγεά","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε here pairs ἄλγεα and στοναχάς, \"pains\" and \"groans,\" into a single doubled object."},{"surface":"στοναχάς","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"groans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b2-l40","source":"Τρωσί τε καὶ Δαναοῖσι διὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας.","translation":"upon Trojans and Danaans alike, through mighty battles.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσί","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"upon Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...καί pairs Τρωσί and Δαναοῖσι, \"Trojans\" and \"Danaans,\" as the two peoples equally destined for suffering."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"κρατερὰς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνας","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνας","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"battles"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b2-l41","source":"ἔγρετο δʼ ἐξ ὕπνου, θείη δέ μιν ἀμφέχυτʼ ὀμφή·","translation":"He awoke from sleep, and the divine voice was poured about him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγρετο","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"awoke"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὕπνου","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"θείη","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀμφή","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφέχυτ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀμφέχυτ","lemma":"ἀμφιχέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was poured about"},{"surface":"ὀμφή","lemma":"ὀμφή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφέχυτ̓","gloss":"voice","note":"θείη ὀμφή, \"the divine voice,\" is the poem's own confirmation that the Dream truly spoke with Zeus's authority, not merely Agamemnon's imagining."}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b2-l42","source":"ἕζετο δʼ ὀρθωθείς, μαλακὸν δʼ ἔνδυνε χιτῶνα","translation":"he sat up, and put on his soft tunic,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρθωθείς","lemma":"ὀρθόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"μαλακὸν","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνα","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνδυνε","lemma":"ἐνδύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on","note":"The arming-and-dressing sequence (tunic, cloak, sandals, sword, scepter) is a type-scene Homer reuses for heroes preparing to face the day, here applied to a king readying himself for council rather than battle."},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνδυνε","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b2-l43","source":"καλὸν νηγάτεον, περὶ δὲ μέγα βάλλετο φᾶρος·","translation":"fair and newly made, and cast about him his great cloak;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"νηγάτεον","lemma":"νηγάτεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνα","gloss":"newly made"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"about","note":"Tmesis: περὶ here is the separated preverb of περιβάλλω, \"cast around,\" completed by βάλλετο later in the line."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"βάλλετο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast","note":"Completes the compound verb περιβάλλω begun by the preverb περὶ earlier in the line (tmesis)."},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλλετο","gloss":"cloak"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b2-l44","source":"ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,","translation":"beneath his glistening feet he bound fair sandals,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"his feet"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"λιπαροῖσιν","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"glistening"},{"surface":"ἐδήσατο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδήσατο","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b2-l45","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον·","translation":"and about his shoulders he slung his silver-studded sword;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"his shoulders"},{"surface":"βάλετο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slung"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλετο","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόηλον","lemma":"ἀργυρόηλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"silver-studded"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b2-l46","source":"εἵλετο δὲ σκῆπτρον πατρώϊον ἄφθιτον αἰεὶ","translation":"and he took up the ancestral scepter, imperishable forever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"scepter","note":"This is the same scepter whose genealogy — Hephaestus to Zeus to Pelops to Atreus to Agamemnon — the poem traces at length later in Book 2."},{"surface":"πατρώϊον","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σκῆπτρον","gloss":"ancestral"},{"surface":"ἄφθιτον","lemma":"ἄφθιτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σκῆπτρον","gloss":"imperishable"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄφθιτον","gloss":"forever"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b2-l47","source":"σὺν τῷ ἔβη κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων·","translation":"and with it went down among the ships of the bronze-clad Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σκῆπτρον","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down among"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad","note":"χαλκοχίτων, \"bronze-clad,\" is a separate standing epithet for the Achaeans from κάρη κομόωντας \"long-haired,\" each held to its own wording per line."}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b2-l48","source":"ἠὼς μέν ῥα θεὰ προσεβήσετο μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον","translation":"Now the goddess Dawn went up to tall Olympus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν has no close correlate particle following in the immediate lines; it marks a scene-transition (\"now\") rather than setting up a direct contrast."},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσεβήσετο","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"προσεβήσετο","lemma":"προσβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went up"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεβήσετο","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b2-l49","source":"Ζηνὶ φόως ἐρέουσα καὶ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισιν·","translation":"to tell Zeus of the light, and the other immortals;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζηνὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρέουσα","gloss":"the light"},{"surface":"ἐρέουσα","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσεβήσετο","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοις","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀθανάτοισιν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"immortals"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b2-l50","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ κηρύκεσσι λιγυφθόγγοισι κέλευσε","translation":"and he bade the clear-voiced heralds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλευσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"κηρύκεσσι","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κηρύσσειν","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"λιγυφθόγγοισι","lemma":"λιγύφθογγος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κηρύκεσσι","gloss":"clear-voiced"},{"surface":"κέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b2-l51","source":"κηρύσσειν ἀγορὴν δὲ κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"summon to assembly the long-haired Achaeans;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κηρύσσειν","lemma":"κηρύσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλευσε","gloss":"summon"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κηρύσσειν","gloss":"to assembly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντας","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Part of the locked epithet \"long-haired Achaeans\" (κάρη κομόωντας); κάρη itself contributes no separate English word."},{"surface":"κομόωντας","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κηρύσσειν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b2-l52","source":"οἳ μὲν ἐκήρυσσον, τοὶ δʼ ἠγείροντο μάλʼ ὦκα·","translation":"these made proclamation, and the others gathered very quickly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκήρυσσον","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐκήρυσσον","lemma":"κηρύσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made proclamation"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠγείροντο","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠγείροντο","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠγείροντο","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b2-l53","source":"βουλὴν δὲ πρῶτον μεγαθύμων ἷζε γερόντων","translation":"But first he sat the council of great-hearted elders","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλὴν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἷζε","gloss":"council"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἷζε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμων","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies γερόντων","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἷζε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat","note":"ἷζε, \"sat [in council],\" begins the Achaean assembly proper — the council of elders convened before the wider army is roused, a deliberate order of operations."},{"surface":"γερόντων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βουλὴν","gloss":"elders"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b2-l54","source":"Νεστορέῃ παρὰ νηῒ Πυλοιγενέος βασιλῆος·","translation":"beside the ship of Nestor, the Pylos-born king;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νεστορέῃ","lemma":"Νεστόρεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"Nestor's"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"Πυλοιγενέος","lemma":"Πυλοιγενής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆος","gloss":"Pylos-born"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b2-l55","source":"τοὺς ὅ γε συγκαλέσας πυκινὴν ἀρτύνετο βουλήν·","translation":"calling them together, he devised his close-woven counsel:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of συγκαλέσας","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀρτύνετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"συγκαλέσας","lemma":"συγκαλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀρτύνετο","gloss":"calling together"},{"surface":"πυκινὴν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλήν","gloss":"close-woven"},{"surface":"ἀρτύνετο","lemma":"ἀρτύνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"βουλήν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀρτύνετο","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b2-l56","source":"κλῦτε φίλοι· θεῖός μοι ἐνύπνιον ἦλθεν ὄνειρος","translation":"Hear me, friends. A divine Dream came to me in sleep","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"θεῖός","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄνειρος","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐνύπνιον","lemma":"ἐνύπνιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"in sleep"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ὄνειρος","lemma":"ὄνειρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Dream","note":"Agamemnon reports the Dream to his council using the same bare word ὄνειρος the narrator used earlier, but omits that its message was false — dramatic irony the audience already knows and the elders do not."}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b2-l57","source":"ἀμβροσίην διὰ νύκτα· μάλιστα δὲ Νέστορι δίῳ","translation":"through the immortal night; and most of all to godlike Nestor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβροσίην","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νέστορι","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐῴκει","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορι","gloss":"godlike","note":"δῖος, \"godlike,\" is Nestor's own standing epithet, distinct from the martial epithets used for younger warriors — Nestor's honor is one of wisdom and age."}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b2-l58","source":"εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε φυήν τʼ ἄγχιστα ἐῴκει·","translation":"in form and stature and build it was most nearly like;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l58.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐῴκει","title":"Pluperfect with imperfect sense","body":"ἐῴκει is technically a pluperfect of ἔοικα, but functions as a simple past tense, \"it resembled\" — ἔοικα belongs to a small class of Greek perfects whose pluperfect forms carry ordinary past-tense meaning rather than \"had resembled.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"εἶδός","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε...τε here strings together three separate points of resemblance — form, stature, build — into one triple-paired list."},{"surface":"μέγεθός","lemma":"μέγεθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"stature"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φυήν","lemma":"φυή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"build"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγχιστα","lemma":"ἄγχιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐῴκει","gloss":"most nearly"},{"surface":"ἐῴκει","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was like"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b2-l59","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς καί με πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"it stood above my head, and spoke this word to me:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"my head"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν, literally \"spoke toward a word,\" is a fixed idiom for addressing someone; πρὸς adds no separate word beyond \"spoke...to me.\""},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b2-l60","source":"εὕδεις Ἀτρέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο·","translation":"You sleep, son of wise Atreus, tamer of horses.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδεις","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you sleep","note":"Nestor's disguised form (see line 57) repeats the Dream's opening words to Agamemnon almost verbatim from line 23 — Agamemnon is now recounting the deception word for word to the real Nestor."},{"surface":"Ἀτρέος","lemma":"Ἀτρεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"Atreus"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρέος","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρέος","gloss":"tamer of horses"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b2-l61","source":"οὐ χρὴ παννύχιον εὕδειν βουληφόρον ἄνδρα,","translation":"It is not fitting for a counsel-bearing man to sleep all night,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fitting"},{"surface":"παννύχιον","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"εὕδειν","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of χρὴ","gloss":"to sleep"},{"surface":"βουληφόρον","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"counsel-bearing"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὕδειν","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b2-l62","source":"ᾧ λαοί τʼ ἐπιτετράφαται καὶ τόσσα μέμηλε·","translation":"to whom the people are entrusted, and so many cares belong;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"λαοί","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιτετράφαται","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...καὶ pairs two things entrusted to the king: the people themselves and the many cares that come with ruling them."},{"surface":"ἐπιτετράφαται","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"are entrusted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόσσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μέμηλε","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"μέμηλε","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"cares belong"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b2-l63","source":"νῦν δʼ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα· Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι,","translation":"now hear me quickly, for I am a messenger of Zeus to you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξύνες","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ξύνες","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ξύνες","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξύνες","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄγγελός","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰμι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἄγγελός","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b2-l64","source":"ὃς σεῦ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδʼ ἐλεαίρει·","translation":"who, though far off, cares greatly for you and pities you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of κήδεται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἄνευθεν","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐὼν","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"κήδεται","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίρει","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"pities"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b2-l65","source":"θωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"He bids you arm the long-haired Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θωρῆξαί","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κέλευσε","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of θωρῆξαί","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bids"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντας","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Part of the locked epithet \"long-haired Achaeans\" (κάρη κομόωντας); κάρη itself contributes no separate English word."},{"surface":"κομόωντας","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὺς","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of θωρῆξαί","gloss":"Achaeans","note":"This is the third time within the episode that the Dream's exact command to \"arm the long-haired Achaeans\" has been repeated verbatim — first spoken by Zeus, then by the Dream to Agamemnon, now by Agamemnon reporting it to the council."}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b2-l66","source":"πανσυδίῃ· νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν","translation":"with all speed; for now you might take the wide-wayed city","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πανσυδίῃ","lemma":"πανσυδίῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θωρῆξαί","gloss":"with all speed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοις","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἕλοις","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you might take"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλοις","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"εὐρυάγυιαν","lemma":"εὐρυάγυια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"wide-wayed"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b2-l67","source":"Τρώων· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες","translation":"of the Trojans, for the immortals who hold the halls of Olympus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράζονται","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράζονται","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"of Olympus"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀθάνατοι","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b2-l68","source":"ἀθάνατοι φράζονται· ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας","translation":"no longer take counsel apart; for Hera has bent them all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φράζονται","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"φράζονται","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take counsel"},{"surface":"ἐπέγναμψεν","lemma":"ἐπιγνάμπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has bent"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἅπαντας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπέγναμψεν","gloss":"them all"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b2-l69","source":"Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται","translation":"by her entreaty, and troubles hang over the Trojans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέγναμψεν","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"λισσομένη","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέγναμψεν","gloss":"entreating"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφῆπται","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐφῆπται","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"ἐφῆπται","lemma":"ἐφάπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hang over"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b2-l70","source":"ἐκ Διός· ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν ἔχε φρεσίν· ὣς ὃ μὲν εἰπὼν","translation":"from Zeus. But keep this in your mind. So speaking,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"σῇσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσίν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b2-l71","source":"ᾤχετʼ ἀποπτάμενος, ἐμὲ δὲ γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἀνῆκεν.","translation":"it went, flying away, and sweet sleep released me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχετ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἀποπτάμενος","lemma":"ἀποπέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"flying away"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλυκὺς","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκεν","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"released"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b2-l72","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ αἴ κέν πως θωρήξομεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"But come, let us see if we can arm the sons of the Achaeans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγετ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"θωρήξομεν","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θωρήξομεν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b2-l73","source":"πρῶτα δʼ ἐγὼν ἔπεσιν πειρήσομαι, ἣ θέμις ἐστί,","translation":"first I myself will test them with words, as is right,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πειρήσομαι","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πειρήσομαι","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"ἔπεσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πειρήσομαι","gloss":"with words","note":"ἔπεσιν, \"with words,\" signals that Agamemnon's coming test of the army (the false order to flee) is a speech-act, not a real command — the danger is that the men may take it literally, which is exactly what happens."},{"surface":"πειρήσομαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will test","note":"Agamemnon's plan to \"test\" the army by ordering a false retreat is his own idea, layered on top of the Dream's separate command to attack — the scheme that goes wrong later in Book 2."},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πειρήσομαι","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b2-l74","source":"καὶ φεύγειν σὺν νηυσὶ πολυκλήϊσι κελεύσω·","translation":"and I will bid them flee with their many-benched ships;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φεύγειν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κελεύσω","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πολυκλήϊσι","lemma":"πολυκλήις","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"many-benched"},{"surface":"κελεύσω","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will bid"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b2-l75","source":"ὑμεῖς δʼ ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος ἐρητύειν ἐπέεσσιν.","translation":"but do you, from this side and that, hold them back with words.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρητύειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρητύειν","gloss":"from this side and that"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄλλοθεν","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος, literally \"from another place, another [man],\" is a distributive idiom collapsed into the single English phrase \"from this side and that.\""},{"surface":"ἐρητύειν","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρητύειν","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b2-l76","source":"ἤτοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο, τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη","translation":"So he spoke, and sat down; and among them rose up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"Tmesis: κατ(ά) here is the separated preverb of καθέζομαι, \"sit down,\" completed by ἕζετο later in the line."},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat","note":"Completes the compound verb καθέζομαι begun by the preverb κατά earlier in the line (tmesis)."},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέστη","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b2-l77","source":"Νέστωρ, ὅς ῥα Πύλοιο ἄναξ ἦν ἠμαθόεντος,","translation":"Nestor, who was lord of sandy Pylos,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέστη","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Πύλοιο","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lord","note":"ἄναξ, \"lord,\" is Nestor's title as ruler of Pylos in his own right, distinct from Agamemnon's overall command of the expedition."},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Νέστωρ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἠμαθόεντος","lemma":"ἠμαθόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλοιο","gloss":"sandy"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b2-l78","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"he, with good will toward them, addressed them and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"toward them"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"meaning"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b2-l79","source":"ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες","translation":"Friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ὦ is the plain vocative interjection introducing a direct address, with no separate word of its own in the English \"Friends...\""},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"rulers"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b2-l80","source":"εἰ μέν τις τὸν ὄνειρον Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλος ἔνισπε","translation":"if some other of the Achaeans had told us this dream,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν sets up the contrary-to-fact contrast completed by νῦν δ' in line 82: if anyone else had reported this dream they'd distrust it, but now [it was Agamemnon himself who saw it]."},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔνισπε","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ὄνειρον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ὄνειρον","lemma":"ὄνειρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνισπε","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἔνισπε","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had told"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b2-l81","source":"ψεῦδός κεν φαῖμεν καὶ νοσφιζοίμεθα μᾶλλον·","translation":"we would call it a lie, and turn away from it the more;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l81.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φαῖμεν κεν ... νοσφιζοίμεθα","title":"Potential optative","body":"φαῖμεν and νοσφιζοίμεθα are optatives with κεν, the regular Greek construction for a potential or hypothetical claim, \"we would say... we would turn away...\" — Nestor is weighing what the elders would think under a different circumstance, not stating what they now do."}],"words":[{"surface":"ψεῦδός","lemma":"ψεῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a lie"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"φαῖμεν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we would call","note":"φαῖμεν, \"we would call [it],\" is a contrary-to-fact optative — Nestor imagines a hypothetical reaction to make the actual situation (Agamemnon himself saw the dream) carry more weight."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νοσφιζοίμεθα","lemma":"νοσφίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn away"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νοσφιζοίμεθα","gloss":"the more"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b2-l82","source":"νῦν δʼ ἴδεν ὃς μέγʼ ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν εὔχεται εἶναι·","translation":"but now he saw it who claims to be far the best of the Achaeans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχεται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄριστος","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best","note":"Nestor calls Agamemnon \"far the best of the Achaeans\" as ruling king, a claim of primacy the poem's whole plot complicates — the actual best fighter, Achilles, is the one currently refusing to fight."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ἴδεν","gloss":"claims"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b2-l83","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ αἴ κέν πως θωρήξομεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"But come, let us see if we can arm the sons of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγετ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"θωρήξομεν","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θωρήξομεν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b2-l84","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας βουλῆς ἐξῆρχε νέεσθαι,","translation":"So speaking, he led the way in rising from the council,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"βουλῆς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"from the council"},{"surface":"ἐξῆρχε","lemma":"ἐξάρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way","note":"ἐξῆρχε, \"led the way,\" marks Nestor as the senior elder whose motion to rise the others follow — the same authority the poem noted Agamemnon grants him above all other elders."},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"in rising"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b2-l85","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐπανέστησαν πείθοντό τε ποιμένι λαῶν","translation":"and they rose up and obeyed the shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπανέστησαν","lemma":"ἐπανίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"πείθοντό","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πείθοντό","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b2-l86","source":"σκηπτοῦχοι βασιλῆες· ἐπεσσεύοντο δὲ λαοί.","translation":"the scepter-bearing kings; and the people hastened after.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκηπτοῦχοι","lemma":"σκηπτοῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"scepter-bearing","note":"σκηπτοῦχοι βασιλῆες, \"scepter-bearing kings,\" names the assembled leaders by their badge of office — the same scepter whose full history Agamemnon traces a few lines later."},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσεύοντο","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hastened after"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαοί","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεσσεύοντο","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b2-l87","source":"ἠΰτε ἔθνεα εἶσι μελισσάων ἁδινάων","translation":"As swarms of thronging bees go forth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"as","note":"Opens Book 2's first extended epic simile: the army streaming to assembly compared to swarms of bees, a comparison drawn from the ordinary rural world rather than from war."},{"surface":"ἔθνεα","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of εἶσι","gloss":"swarms"},{"surface":"εἶσι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go forth"},{"surface":"μελισσάων","lemma":"μέλισσα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνεα","gloss":"of bees"},{"surface":"ἁδινάων","lemma":"ἁδινός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies μελισσάων","gloss":"thronging"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b2-l88","source":"πέτρης ἐκ γλαφυρῆς αἰεὶ νέον ἐρχομενάων,","translation":"from a hollow rock, ever coming forth anew,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῆς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρης","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρχομενάων","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐρχομενάων","gloss":"anew"},{"surface":"ἐρχομενάων","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming forth"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b2-l89","source":"βοτρυδὸν δὲ πέτονται ἐπʼ ἄνθεσιν εἰαρινοῖσιν·","translation":"and fly in clusters over the flowers of spring,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοτρυδὸν","lemma":"βοτρυδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέτονται","gloss":"in clusters"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέτονται","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἄνθεσιν","lemma":"ἄνθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"εἰαρινοῖσιν","lemma":"ἐαρινός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄνθεσιν","gloss":"of spring"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b2-l90","source":"αἳ μέν τʼ ἔνθα ἅλις πεποτήαται, αἳ δέ τε ἔνθα·","translation":"some flying thick this way, and others that way;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πεποτήαται","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This epic τε, paired with a second τε later in the line, is generalizing color typical of the \"some...others\" (αἳ μέν...αἳ δέ) formula, not a coordinating word of its own."},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεποτήαται","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεποτήαται","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"πεποτήαται","lemma":"ποτάομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"that way"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b2-l91","source":"ὣς τῶν ἔθνεα πολλὰ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων","translation":"so the many tribes of them, from the ships and the huts,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔθνεα","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"ἔθνεα","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"tribes"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔθνεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισιάων","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"huts"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b2-l92","source":"ἠϊόνος προπάροιθε βαθείης ἐστιχόωντο","translation":"marched forth before the deep shore","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠϊόνος","lemma":"ἠιών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠϊόνος","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἐστιχόωντο","lemma":"στιχάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marched forth"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b2-l93","source":"ἰλαδὸν εἰς ἀγορήν· μετὰ δέ σφισιν ὄσσα δεδήει","translation":"in companies to the assembly; and among them Rumor blazed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰλαδὸν","lemma":"ἰλαδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"in companies"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγορήν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὄσσα","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δεδήει","gloss":"Rumor","note":"Personified as a messenger-being distinct from the Dream earlier in this book, capitalized per the poem's convention for such figures; ὄσσα is a common noun (\"rumor, report\"), not a proper name."},{"surface":"δεδήει","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blazed"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b2-l94","source":"ὀτρύνουσʼ ἰέναι Διὸς ἄγγελος· οἳ δʼ ἀγέροντο.","translation":"urging them to go, the messenger of Zeus; and they gathered.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνουσ","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to δεδήει","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνουσ̓","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄγγελος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὄσσα","gloss":"messenger","note":"ἄγγελος, \"messenger,\" identifies Rumor by the same word used for the Dream earlier — both are Zeus's agents for stirring the army into motion, though Rumor here works through the ranks rather than a single sleeper."},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγέροντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγέροντο","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b2-l95","source":"τετρήχει δʼ ἀγορή, ὑπὸ δὲ στεναχίζετο γαῖα","translation":"The assembly-ground was in turmoil, and the earth groaned beneath them","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τετρήχει","lemma":"ταράσσω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was in turmoil"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγορή","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τετρήχει","gloss":"assembly-ground"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στεναχίζετο","lemma":"στεναχίζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of στεναχίζετο","gloss":"the earth"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b2-l96","source":"λαῶν ἱζόντων, ὅμαδος δʼ ἦν· ἐννέα δέ σφεας","translation":"as the people took their seats, and there was uproar; and nine","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱζόντων","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ἱζόντων","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζετο","gloss":"took their seats"},{"surface":"ὅμαδος","lemma":"ὅμαδος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"uproar"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κήρυκες","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρήτυον","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b2-l97","source":"κήρυκες βοόωντες ἐρήτυον, εἴ ποτʼ ἀϋτῆς","translation":"heralds, shouting, tried to restrain them, if perhaps from their clamor","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρήτυον","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"βοόωντες","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρήτυον","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"ἐρήτυον","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tried to restrain"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἀϋτῆς","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of σχοίατ̓","gloss":"clamor"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b2-l98","source":"σχοίατʼ, ἀκούσειαν δὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων.","translation":"they would cease, and listen to the Zeus-nurtured kings.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l98.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διοτρεφέων","title":"Zeus-nurtured kings","body":"διοτρεφής, \"fostered by Zeus,\" is a standing epithet for kings and chieftains, framing royal authority as a gift and responsibility Zeus himself has given; it recurs throughout the poem wherever Homer names the leaders as a class."}],"words":[{"surface":"σχοίατ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"they would cease"},{"surface":"ἀκούσειαν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέων","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλήων","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"βασιλήων","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσειαν","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b2-l99","source":"σπουδῇ δʼ ἕζετο λαός, ἐρήτυθεν δὲ καθʼ ἕδρας","translation":"With effort the people sat down, and were restrained in their seats,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπουδῇ","lemma":"σπουδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"with effort"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down","note":"The people's difficulty settling down (\"with effort... were restrained\") shows an army already keyed up before Agamemnon has said a word — the crowd's mood the heralds are fighting."},{"surface":"λαός","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ἐρήτυθεν","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were restrained"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἕδρας","lemma":"ἕδρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καθ̓","gloss":"seats"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b2-l100","source":"παυσάμενοι κλαγγῆς· ἀνὰ δὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"having ceased their clamor; and up rose the lord Agamemnon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παυσάμενοι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρήτυθεν","gloss":"having ceased"},{"surface":"κλαγγῆς","lemma":"κλαγγή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of παυσάμενοι","gloss":"clamor"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"Agamemnon","note":"κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων, \"the lord Agamemnon,\" is his standing title throughout the poem, distinct from patronymic forms like \"son of Atreus.\""}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b2-l101","source":"ἔστη σκῆπτρον ἔχων τὸ μὲν Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων.","translation":"and stood, holding the scepter that Hephaestus toiled to fashion.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of κάμε","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν opens the scepter's genealogy: Hephaestus made it, then it passed Zeus–Hermes–Pelops–Atreus–Thyestes–Agamemnon, each stage marked by μέν/αὐτὰρ across the following lines rather than a single close correlate."},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάμε","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"κάμε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σκῆπτρον","gloss":"toiled"},{"surface":"τεύχων","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"to fashion"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b2-l102","source":"Ἥφαιστος μὲν δῶκε Διὶ Κρονίωνι ἄνακτι,","translation":"Hephaestus gave it to Zeus, son of Cronos, the lord,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"the lord"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b2-l103","source":"αὐτὰρ ἄρα Ζεὺς δῶκε διακτόρῳ ἀργεϊφόντῃ·","translation":"and Zeus in turn gave it to the guide, the slayer of Argus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l103.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διακτόρῳ ἀργεϊφόντῃ","title":"Hermes, unnamed","body":"Hermes is not named here at all — he is identified only by two standing epithets, \"the guide\" and \"the slayer of Argus\" (from the myth of his killing the hundred-eyed watchman Argus). Homer's audience would have supplied the name instantly from the epithets alone."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave","note":"The genealogy's repeated δῶκε, \"gave,\" (Hephaestus to Zeus, Zeus to Hermes, and so on) turns the scepter's descent into a formulaic chain, each transfer marked by the same verb."},{"surface":"διακτόρῳ","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντῃ","gloss":"the guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντῃ","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"the slayer of Argus","note":"Ἀργειφόντης, \"slayer of Argus,\" is Hermes' standing epithet, referring to his killing of the hundred-eyed watchman Argus in an earlier myth."}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b2-l104","source":"Ἑρμείας δὲ ἄναξ δῶκεν Πέλοπι πληξίππῳ,","translation":"and lord Hermes gave it to Pelops, driver of horses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑρμείας","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Πέλοπι","lemma":"Πέλοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"Pelops","note":"Pelops, the mythical Lydian/Phrygian prince whose ivory shoulder and chariot race for Hippodameia begin the house of Atreus's long curse — the scepter genealogy roots Agamemnon's authority in this line."},{"surface":"πληξίππῳ","lemma":"πλήξιππος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πέλοπι","gloss":"driver of horses"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b2-l105","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ αὖτε Πέλοψ δῶκʼ Ἀτρέϊ ποιμένι λαῶν,","translation":"and Pelops in turn gave it to Atreus, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Πέλοψ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῶκ̓","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Πέλοψ","lemma":"Πέλοψ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκ̓","gloss":"Pelops"},{"surface":"δῶκ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Ἀτρέϊ","lemma":"Ἀτρεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκ̓","gloss":"Atreus"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀτρέϊ","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b2-l106","source":"Ἀτρεὺς δὲ θνῄσκων ἔλιπεν πολύαρνι Θυέστῃ,","translation":"and Atreus, dying, left it to Thyestes, rich in flocks,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεὺς","lemma":"Ἀτρεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλιπεν","gloss":"Atreus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θνῄσκων","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλιπεν","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"ἔλιπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"πολύαρνι","lemma":"πολύαρνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θυέστῃ","gloss":"rich in flocks"},{"surface":"Θυέστῃ","lemma":"Θυέστης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλιπεν","gloss":"Thyestes","note":"Thyestes, Atreus's brother — their mutual rivalry, including Atreus's infamous revenge-feast, is the darkest chapter of the house's curse, left unstated here as the poem moves briskly through the genealogy."}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b2-l107","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ αὖτε Θυέστʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι λεῖπε φορῆναι,","translation":"and Thyestes in turn left it to Agamemnon to carry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Θυέστ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λεῖπε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Θυέστ","lemma":"Θυέστης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λεῖπε","gloss":"Thyestes"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖπε","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"λεῖπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"φορῆναι","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to λεῖπε","gloss":"to carry"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b2-l108","source":"πολλῇσιν νήσοισι καὶ Ἄργεϊ παντὶ ἀνάσσειν.","translation":"that he might rule over many islands and all of Argos.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλῇσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήσοισι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"νήσοισι","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"islands"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄργεϊ","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"παντὶ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργεϊ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσειν","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to λεῖπε","gloss":"might rule","note":"ἀνάσσειν, \"might rule,\" completes the purpose clause begun by λεῖπε in the previous line — Thyestes left Agamemnon not just the scepter but the rule over many islands and all of Argos that comes with it."}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b2-l109","source":"τῷ ὅ γʼ ἐρεισάμενος ἔπεʼ Ἀργείοισι μετηύδα·","translation":"Leaning on it, he spoke words to the Argives:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐρεισάμενος","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετηύδα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐρεισάμενος","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"ἔπε","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"to the Argives"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b2-l110","source":"ὦ φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος","translation":"\"Friends, hero Danaans, henchmen of Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωες","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"ἥρωες","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἥρωες","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἥρωες","gloss":"henchmen","note":"θεράποντες Ἄρηος, \"henchmen of Ares,\" is a martial honorific for the army as a body, distinct from any individual hero's epithets."},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b2-l111","source":"Ζεύς με μέγα Κρονίδης ἄτῃ ἐνέδησε βαρείῃ,","translation":"Zeus, son of Cronos, has bound me fast in heavy ruin —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l111.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄτῃ","title":"ate: ruinous blindness","body":"ἄτη names a god-sent delusion or blindness that leads a man to ruin, distinct from ordinary bad luck — Agamemnon is claiming Zeus himself clouded his judgment. The same word governs the great confession Agamemnon makes later in the poem over his quarrel with Achilles."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνέδησε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνέδησε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνέδησε","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἄτῃ","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνέδησε","gloss":"ruin","note":"ἄτη, \"ruin\" or \"blind folly sent by a god,\" is the same concept that will later be blamed for Agamemnon's quarrel with Achilles in Book 19 — a recurring Homeric idea that catastrophic error comes from divine entanglement, not simple human fault."},{"surface":"ἐνέδησε","lemma":"ἐνδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has bound"},{"surface":"βαρείῃ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄτῃ","gloss":"heavy"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b2-l112","source":"σχέτλιος, ὃς πρὶν μέν μοι ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσεν","translation":"cruel god, who before promised me and bowed his head in assent","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιος","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν sets up a contrast that continues past this batch's scope: Zeus's earlier promise (πρὶν μέν) versus his present refusal, expected to be completed by a δέ/ἀλλά shortly after."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέσχετο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὑπέσχετο","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"promised","note":"ὑπέσχετο, \"promised,\" refers to Zeus's earlier assurance that Troy would fall — the broken (or merely delayed) promise Agamemnon is bitterly complaining about as this speech continues."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατένευσεν","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"bowed his head in assent"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b2-l113","source":"Ἴλιον ἐκπέρσαντʼ εὐτείχεον ἀπονέεσθαι,","translation":"that I should sack well-walled Ilion and return home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσαντ̓","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἐκπέρσαντ","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπονέεσθαι","gloss":"sacking","note":"The aorist participle ἐκπέρσαντ᾽ marks anterior action: \"having sacked... [then] return home,\" the sack coming before the homecoming."},{"surface":"εὐτείχεον","lemma":"εὐτείχεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"well-walled"},{"surface":"ἀπονέεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"return home"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b2-l114","source":"νῦν δὲ κακὴν ἀπάτην βουλεύσατο, καί με κελεύει","translation":"but now he has devised a cruel deceit, and bids me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βουλεύσατο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κακὴν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀπάτην","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"ἀπάτην","lemma":"ἀπάτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βουλεύσατο","gloss":"deceit"},{"surface":"βουλεύσατο","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bids"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b2-l115","source":"δυσκλέα Ἄργος ἱκέσθαι, ἐπεὶ πολὺν ὤλεσα λαόν.","translation":"go back to Argos in dishonor, since I have lost so many men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δυσκλέα","lemma":"δυσκλεής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in dishonor"},{"surface":"Ἄργος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of κελεύει","gloss":"go back"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαόν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ὤλεσα","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"have lost"},{"surface":"λαόν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὤλεσα","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b2-l116","source":"οὕτω που Διὶ μέλλει ὑπερμενέϊ φίλον εἶναι,","translation":"So, it seems, it must be dear to Zeus, exceeding in might,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέλλει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"it seems"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"μέλλει","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"must be"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέϊ","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"exceeding in might","note":"ὑπερμενέϊ modifies Zeus directly here, distinct from the fixed formula \"the exceedingly mighty son of Cronos\" (Κρονίωνα) locked elsewhere in Book 2 — same root adjective, different phrase."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μέλλει","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b2-l117","source":"ὃς δὴ πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα","translation":"who has already thrown down the crowning heights of many cities","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"πολλάων","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πολίων","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"πολίων","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies κάρηνα","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"κατέλυσε","lemma":"καταλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"thrown down"},{"surface":"κάρηνα","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"crowning heights","note":"κάρηνα literally \"heads\"; here the topmost battlements/citadels of captured cities, not literal human heads."}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b2-l118","source":"ἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ λύσει· τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον.","translation":"and will yet throw down more; for his power is greatest of all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύσει","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"λύσει","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"will throw down"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μέγιστον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b2-l119","source":"αἰσχρὸν γὰρ τόδε γʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι","translation":"For this is a shameful thing, for men yet to come to hear of,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰσχρὸν","lemma":"αἰσχρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐσσομένοισι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle participle, dative plural masculine","role":"subject of πυθέσθαι","gloss":"men yet to come"},{"surface":"πυθέσθαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to αἰσχρὸν","gloss":"to hear of"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b2-l120","source":"μὰψ οὕτω τοιόνδε τοσόνδε τε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"that so great and so goodly a host of Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὰψ","lemma":"μάψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"vainly","note":"μὰψ οὕτω together render the single English phrase \"in vain\"; the second word (οὕτω) is left untranslated to avoid double-counting."},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τοιόνδε","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"so goodly"},{"surface":"τοσόνδε","lemma":"τοσόσδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"τε here just links the two demonstrative adjectives τοιόνδε and τοσόνδε modifying the same noun, not a wider correlate pair."},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b2-l121","source":"ἄπρηκτον πόλεμον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι","translation":"should wage war to no purpose and fight in vain","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄπρηκτον","lemma":"ἄπρακτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"to no purpose"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πολεμίζειν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"wage"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b2-l122","source":"ἀνδράσι παυροτέροισι, τέλος δʼ οὔ πώ τι πέφανται·","translation":"against fewer men, with no end yet in sight.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"παυροτέροισι","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"fewer"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πέφανται","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to πέφανται","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πέφανται","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πέφανται","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"in sight","note":"πέφανται is a perfect passive, \"has been made to appear\": no end has yet shown itself, not merely that none is currently visible."}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b2-l123","source":"εἴ περ γάρ κʼ ἐθέλοιμεν Ἀχαιοί τε Τρῶές τε","translation":"For if we were willing, both Achaeans and Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοιμεν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"were willing"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε pairs Ἀχαιοί and Τρῶες, \"both Achaeans and Trojans.\""},{"surface":"Τρῶές","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b2-l124","source":"ὅρκια πιστὰ ταμόντες ἀριθμηθήμεναι ἄμφω,","translation":"to cut faithful oaths, and both sides be numbered,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅρκια","lemma":"ὅρκιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ταμόντες","gloss":"oaths"},{"surface":"πιστὰ","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκια","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"ταμόντες","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλοιμεν","gloss":"cut","note":"\"To cut oaths\" (ὅρκια τέμνειν) is the standard Homeric idiom for swearing a binding oath, from the ritual cutting of sacrificial victims."},{"surface":"ἀριθμηθήμεναι","lemma":"ἀριθμέω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"be numbered"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀριθμηθήμεναι","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b2-l125","source":"Τρῶας μὲν λέξασθαι ἐφέστιοι ὅσσοι ἔασιν,","translation":"the Trojans counted, all who dwell within the city,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λέξασθαι","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"λέξασθαι","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"counted"},{"surface":"ἐφέστιοι","lemma":"ἐφέστιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dwelling at home"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρῶας","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b2-l126","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐς δεκάδας διακοσμηθεῖμεν Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"and we Achaeans arrayed ourselves in groups of ten,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διακοσμηθεῖμεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δεκάδας","lemma":"δεκάς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"groups of ten"},{"surface":"διακοσμηθεῖμεν","lemma":"διακοσμέω","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"arrayed ourselves"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμεῖς","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b2-l127","source":"Τρώων δʼ ἄνδρα ἕκαστοι ἑλοίμεθα οἰνοχοεύειν,","translation":"and each group of us took a man of Troy to pour our wine,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"of Troy"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλοίμεθα","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἕκαστοι","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἑλοίμεθα","gloss":"each group of us"},{"surface":"ἑλοίμεθα","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"οἰνοχοεύειν","lemma":"οἰνοχοεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἑλοίμεθα","gloss":"to pour our wine"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b2-l128","source":"πολλαί κεν δεκάδες δευοίατο οἰνοχόοιο.","translation":"many of our tens would lack a wine-pourer.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλαί","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δεκάδες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δεκάδες","lemma":"δεκάς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δευοίατο","gloss":"tens"},{"surface":"δευοίατο","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would lack"},{"surface":"οἰνοχόοιο","lemma":"οἰνοχόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δευοίατο","gloss":"a wine-pourer"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b2-l129","source":"τόσσον ἐγώ φημι πλέας ἔμμεναι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"By so much, I say, do the sons of the Achaeans outnumber","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"by so much"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φημι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"πλέας","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more","note":"πλέας ἔμμεναι, literally \"to be more [numerous],\" is the comparative construction behind the English verb \"outnumber.\""},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b2-l130","source":"Τρώων, οἳ ναίουσι κατὰ πτόλιν· ἀλλʼ ἐπίκουροι","translation":"the Trojans who dwell within the city; but allies","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"adverbial to πλέας","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναίουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ναίουσι","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρώων","gloss":"dwell"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουροι","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b2-l131","source":"πολλέων ἐκ πολίων ἐγχέσπαλοι ἄνδρες ἔασιν,","translation":"from many cities, spearmen, are there too,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλέων","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πολίων","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολίων","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"ἐγχέσπαλοι","lemma":"ἐγχέσπαλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"spearmen","note":"ἐγχέσπαλοι, \"spear-brandishing,\" a martial epithet distinct from any of the standing Trojan/Achaean epithets already locked."},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are there"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b2-l132","source":"οἵ με μέγα πλάζουσι καὶ οὐκ εἰῶσʼ ἐθέλοντα","translation":"who drive me far off course, and do not allow me, for all my will,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πλάζουσι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πλάζουσι","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"πλάζουσι","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"drive off course"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εἰῶσ","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"allow"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"for all my will"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b2-l133","source":"Ἰλίου ἐκπέρσαι εὖ ναιόμενον πτολίεθρον.","translation":"to sack the well-peopled citadel of Ilion.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"of Ilion"},{"surface":"ἐκπέρσαι","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of εἰῶσ̓","gloss":"to sack"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιόμενον","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιόμενον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"peopled"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσαι","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b2-l134","source":"ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασι Διὸς μεγάλου ἐνιαυτοί,","translation":"Now nine years of great Zeus have already gone by,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτοί","gloss":"nine","note":"The nine years of siege mark the poem’s temporal setting; the tenth year, in which the Iliad takes place, is about to begin."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"βεβάασι","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have gone by"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτοί","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"μεγάλου","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτοί","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of βεβάασι","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b2-l135","source":"καὶ δὴ δοῦρα σέσηπε νεῶν καὶ σπάρτα λέλυνται·","translation":"and the timbers of our ships have rotted, and the ropes are frayed apart;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δοῦρα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of σέσηπε","gloss":"timbers"},{"surface":"σέσηπε","lemma":"σήπω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have rotted"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"of our ships"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπάρτα","lemma":"σπάρτον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λέλυνται","gloss":"ropes"},{"surface":"λέλυνται","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are frayed apart"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b2-l136","source":"αἳ δέ που ἡμέτεραί τʼ ἄλοχοι καὶ νήπια τέκνα","translation":"and somewhere our wives and our infant children","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies ἄλοχοι","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"ἡμέτεραί","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχοι","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...καὶ pairs ἄλοχοι and τέκνα, \"wives and children.\""},{"surface":"ἄλοχοι","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήπια","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"infant"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b2-l137","source":"εἵατʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροις ποτιδέγμεναι· ἄμμι δὲ ἔργον","translation":"sit in our halls, waiting; but for us the work","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵατ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ποτιδέγμεναι","lemma":"προσδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to εἵατ̓","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"ἄμμι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"work"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b2-l138","source":"αὔτως ἀκράαντον οὗ εἵνεκα δεῦρʼ ἱκόμεσθα.","translation":"for which we came here remains just as unfinished.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"ἀκράαντον","lemma":"ἀκράαντος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unfinished","note":"The \"work\" (ἔργον) is the sack of Troy itself — the army’s original purpose, still unaccomplished after nine years."},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκόμεσθα","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκόμεσθα","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔργον","gloss":"we came"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b2-l139","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες·","translation":"Come, then, let all of us obey as I shall say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἀλλ' ἄγε is a fixed exhortative idiom, \"come now/then\" — glossed as a unit on ἄγεθ' below; here ἀλλά functions as an intensifier rather than the adversative \"but.\""},{"surface":"ἄγεθ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"shall say"},{"surface":"πειθώμεθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πειθώμεθα","gloss":"all of us"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b2-l140","source":"φεύγωμεν σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν·","translation":"let us flee with our ships to our own dear native land;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγωμεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us flee","note":"Hortatory subjunctive: Agamemnon frames the retreat as a collective decision, not a command."},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"our ships"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b2-l141","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔτι Τροίην αἱρήσομεν εὐρυάγυιαν.","translation":"for we shall never now take wide-wayed Troy.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἱρήσομεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of αἱρήσομεν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"αἱρήσομεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"εὐρυάγυιαν","lemma":"εὐρυάγυια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίην","gloss":"wide-wayed"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b2-l142","source":"ὣς φάτο, τοῖσι δὲ θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὄρινε","translation":"So he spoke, and stirred the heart in the breasts of all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὄρινε","gloss":"their","note":"τοῖσι is a dative of reference (\"the heart in the breasts of them\"), not a separate possessive word in the Greek."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"ὄρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b2-l143","source":"πᾶσι μετὰ πληθὺν ὅσοι οὐ βουλῆς ἐπάκουσαν·","translation":"the throng who had not heard the counsel.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πα~ς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πληθὺν","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μετὰ","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπάκουσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"βουλῆς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπάκουσαν","gloss":"the counsel"},{"surface":"ἐπάκουσαν","lemma":"ἐπακούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῖσι","gloss":"had heard"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b2-l144","source":"κινήθη δʼ ἀγορὴ φὴ κύματα μακρὰ θαλάσσης","translation":"The assembly stirred, like the long waves of the sea","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l144.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κύματα μακρὰ θαλάσσης","title":"A double simile","body":"Homer stacks two similes back to back for the panicked rush: first the assembly's stir compared to sea-swell driven by wind (lines 144–146), then the rush itself compared to wind bending a field of grain (lines 147–148) — a favored Homeric device, matching motion to motion across two registers of the same image, water and wheat."}],"words":[{"surface":"κινήθη","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κινήθη","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"φὴ","lemma":"φή","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like","note":"φή (= ἠΰτε/ὡς) is a rare comparative particle introducing the wave-simile that runs through this line and the next two."},{"surface":"κύματα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b2-l145","source":"πόντου Ἰκαρίοιο, τὰ μέν τʼ Εὖρός τε Νότος τε","translation":"off the Icarian deep, which the East Wind and the South Wind","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόντου","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θαλάσσης","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίοιο","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντου","gloss":"Icarian"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ὤροῤ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Εὖρός","lemma":"Εὖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the East Wind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε pairs Εὖρος and Νότος, \"the East Wind and the South Wind.\""},{"surface":"Νότος","lemma":"Νότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the South Wind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b2-l146","source":"ὤρορʼ ἐπαΐξας πατρὸς Διὸς ἐκ νεφελάων.","translation":"rouse up, rushing down from the clouds of father Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤρορ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κύματα","gloss":"rouse up"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξας","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤροῤ","gloss":"rushing down"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νεφελάων","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νεφελάων","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the clouds"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b2-l147","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε κινήσῃ Ζέφυρος βαθὺ λήϊον ἐλθὼν","translation":"Or as when the West Wind comes and stirs a deep field of grain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"or as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κινήσῃ","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"stirs"},{"surface":"Ζέφυρος","lemma":"Ζέφυρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κινήσῃ","gloss":"the West Wind"},{"surface":"βαθὺ","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λήϊον","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"λήϊον","lemma":"λήιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κινήσῃ","gloss":"field of grain"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κινήσῃ","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b2-l148","source":"λάβρος ἐπαιγίζων, ἐπί τʼ ἠμύει ἀσταχύεσσιν,","translation":"blowing furious, and the standing ears bow down beneath it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάβρος","lemma":"λάβρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἐπαιγίζων","lemma":"ἐπαιγίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κινήσῃ","gloss":"blowing"},{"surface":"ἐπί","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath it"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμύει","lemma":"ἠμύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"bow down"},{"surface":"ἀσταχύεσσιν","lemma":"ἄσταχυς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠμύει","gloss":"the standing ears"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b2-l149","source":"ὣς τῶν πᾶσʼ ἀγορὴ κινήθη· τοὶ δʼ ἀλαλητῷ","translation":"so was all their assembly stirred; and they, with a shout,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κινήθη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀγορὴ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"πᾶσ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορὴ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κινήθη","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"κινήθη","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stirred"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσεύοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλαλητῷ","lemma":"ἀλαλητός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐσσεύοντο","gloss":"with a shout"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b2-l150","source":"νῆας ἔπʼ ἐσσεύοντο, ποδῶν δʼ ὑπένερθε κονίη","translation":"rushed toward the ships, and beneath their feet the dust","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπ̓","gloss":"the ships","note":"νῆας ἔπ᾽ ... ἐσσεύοντο is tmesis: the preverb ἐπί (\"toward\") is split from its compound verb ἐπισεύω, \"rush toward.\""},{"surface":"ἔπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἐσσεύοντο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπένερθε","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπένερθε","lemma":"ὑπένερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"κονίη","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵστατ̓","gloss":"dust"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b2-l151","source":"ἵστατʼ ἀειρομένη· τοὶ δʼ ἀλλήλοισι κέλευον","translation":"rose up in a cloud; and they called out to one another","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵστατ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"ἀειρομένη","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἵστατ̓","gloss":"in a cloud","note":"ἀειρομένη, \"being raised,\" is the participle behind the English image of dust rising \"in a cloud.\""},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"κέλευον","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called out"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b2-l152","source":"ἅπτεσθαι νηῶν ἠδʼ ἑλκέμεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν,","translation":"to lay hold of the ships and drag them down into the bright sea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅπτεσθαι","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"to lay hold of"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἅπτεσθαι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑλκέμεν","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"drag"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b2-l153","source":"οὐρούς τʼ ἐξεκάθαιρον· ἀϋτὴ δʼ οὐρανὸν ἷκεν","translation":"and cleared out the launching-channels; and their cry reached heaven,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρούς","lemma":"οὐρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξεκάθαιρον","gloss":"the launching-channels","note":"οὐροί are the cleared grooves or skids down which beached ships are hauled into the water."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξεκάθαιρον","lemma":"ἐκκαθαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cleared out"},{"surface":"ἀϋτὴ","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἷκεν","gloss":"their cry"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἷκεν","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἷκεν","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b2-l154","source":"οἴκαδε ἱεμένων· ὑπὸ δʼ ᾕρεον ἕρματα νηῶν.","translation":"as they longed for home; and they tore away the props beneath the ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱεμένων","gloss":"for home"},{"surface":"ἱεμένων","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀϋτὴ","gloss":"longed"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away","note":"ὑπὸ ... ᾕρεον is tmesis: the preverb ὑπό (\"out from under\") is split from its compound verb ὑφαιρέω, \"tear away from beneath.\""},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾕρεον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore"},{"surface":"ἕρματα","lemma":"ἕρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ᾕρεον","gloss":"props"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἕρματα","gloss":"beneath the ships"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b2-l155","source":"ἔνθά κεν Ἀργείοισιν ὑπέρμορα νόστος ἐτύχθη","translation":"Then the Argives would have won a homecoming beyond fate's decree,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l155.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπέρμορα","title":"\"Beyond what is fated\"","body":"ὑπέρμορα, \"beyond μόρος (fate/portion),\" marks this near-departure as a violation of the poem's larger design — Troy is fated to fall, so a rout home now would break the plan Zeus set in motion in Book 1. Only divine intervention keeps events on their appointed course."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχθη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐτύχθη","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ὑπέρμορα","lemma":"ὑπέρμορον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχθη","gloss":"beyond fate's decree","note":"ὑπέρμορα flags that this early retreat would have violated destiny — the poem cannot let Troy fall yet, so a god must intervene."},{"surface":"νόστος","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτύχθη","gloss":"a homecoming"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have won"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b2-l156","source":"εἰ μὴ Ἀθηναίην Ἥρη πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"had not Hera spoken a word to Athena:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"had","note":"εἰ μή, \"if not,\" introduces the counterfactual: without Hera’s intervention the fleeing army really would have sailed home."},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"spoken"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b2-l157","source":"ὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος Ἀτρυτώνη,","translation":"\"Ah, shame, child of Zeus who bears the aegis, unwearied one,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l157.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀτρυτώνη","title":"\"Unwearied one\"","body":"Ἀτρυτώνη, \"the untiring/unwearied,\" is a standing byname of Athena, distinct from bright-eyed γλαυκῶπις — a second fixed epithet for the same goddess, each held to its own wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies Ἀτρυτώνη","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"Ἀτρυτώνη","lemma":"Ἀτρυτώνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"unwearied one","note":"Ἀτρυτώνη, \"the unwearied,\" is a standing cult-title for Athena, used here as a vocative address."}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b2-l158","source":"οὕτω δὴ οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν","translation":"shall the Argives truly flee home this way, to their own dear native land,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φεύξονται","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φεύξονται","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"οἶκον δέ here is the fossilized directional suffix -δε (οἶκόνδε, \"homeward\"), not the coordinating particle δέ."},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b2-l159","source":"Ἀργεῖοι φεύξονται ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης,","translation":"over the broad back of the sea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φεύξονται","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"φεύξονται","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"εὐρέα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b2-l160","source":"κὰδ δέ κεν εὐχωλὴν Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ λίποιεν","translation":"and leave to Priam and the Trojans a boast to glory in —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"behind","note":"κὰδ ... λίποιεν is tmesis: the preverb κατά is split from its compound verb καταλείπω, \"leave behind.\""},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"εὐχωλὴν","lemma":"εὐχωλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a boast"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to Priam"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"λίποιεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b2-l161","source":"Ἀργείην Ἑλένην, ἧς εἵνεκα πολλοὶ Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"Argive Helen, for whose sake so many Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείην","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλένην","gloss":"Argive"},{"surface":"Ἑλένην","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Helen","note":"This whole passage (lines 160–162, \"Argive Helen, for whose sake...\") is repeated verbatim at lines 176–178 when Athena relays Hera’s words to Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"sake"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀπόλοντο","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολλοὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b2-l162","source":"ἐν Τροίῃ ἀπόλοντο φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης·","translation":"have perished at Troy, far from their own dear fatherland?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἀπόλοντο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἑλένην","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"φίλης","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"father-"},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b2-l163","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων·","translation":"But go now among the host of the bronze-clad Achaeans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴθι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b2-l164","source":"σοῖς ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσιν ἐρήτυε φῶτα ἕκαστον,","translation":"with your gentle words restrain every man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοῖς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἀγανοῖς","lemma":"ἀγανός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρήτυε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἐρήτυε","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"restrain"},{"surface":"φῶτα","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρήτυε","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φῶτα","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b2-l165","source":"μηδὲ ἔα νῆας ἅλα δʼ ἑλκέμεν ἀμφιελίσσας.","translation":"and do not let them drag their curved ships down into the sea.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do not let"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλκέμεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλκέμεν","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἅλα δέ here is the fossilized directional suffix -δε (ἅλαδε, \"seaward\"), not the coordinating particle δέ."},{"surface":"ἑλκέμεν","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"drag"},{"surface":"ἀμφιελίσσας","lemma":"ἀμφιέλισσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"curved"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b2-l166","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,","translation":"So she spoke, and the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, did not disobey,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b2-l167","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀΐξασα·","translation":"but went darting down from the peaks of Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καρήνων","gloss":"of Olympus","note":"Athena’s descent from Olympus’s peaks to the ships marks the god’s-eye scale-shift back down to the human army."},{"surface":"καρήνων","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"peaks"},{"surface":"ἀΐξασα","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"darting"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b2-l168","source":"καρπαλίμως δʼ ἵκανε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"and swiftly came to the swift ships of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b2-l169","source":"εὗρεν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον","translation":"There she found Odysseus, equal to Zeus in counsel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l169.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον","title":"\"Equal to Zeus in counsel\"","body":"This is a distinct standing formula from πολύμητις \"of many wiles\" — it measures Odysseus's cunning directly against the king of the gods rather than describing his character in itself, the highest compliment Homer pays a mortal mind."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρεν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντον","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀτάλαντον","gloss":"in counsel"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντον","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"equal","note":"Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντος, \"the equal of Zeus in counsel,\" is Odysseus's standing epithet, reused verbatim from its first appearance at c06 line 636."}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b2-l170","source":"ἑσταότʼ· οὐδʼ ὅ γε νηὸς ἐϋσσέλμοιο μελαίνης","translation":"standing still; he had not so much as laid a hand","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing still"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἅπτετ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἅπτετ̓","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμοιο","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"μελαίνης","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b2-l171","source":"ἅπτετʼ, ἐπεί μιν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἵκανεν·","translation":"on his black well-benched ship, for grief had come upon his heart and spirit.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅπτετ","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid a hand"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκανεν","gloss":"him","note":"μιν is the object of ἵκανεν; κραδίην and θυμὸν that follow are accusatives of respect, giving the idiomatic English \"grief had come upon him, in heart and spirit\" (rendered \"his heart and spirit\")."},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκανεν","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἵκανεν","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"had come upon"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b2-l172","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Standing close beside him, bright-eyed Athena spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱσταμένη","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἱσταμένη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b2-l173","source":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ,","translation":"\"Odysseus, son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, of many devices,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l173.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολυμήχανʼ","title":"\"Of many devices\" vs. \"of many wiles\"","body":"πολυμήχανος, \"resourceful in devices/contrivances,\" is a different Greek root from πολύμητις \"of many wiles\" (Book 1), though both are standing epithets for Odysseus's cleverness — we hold each to its own English wording rather than collapsing them into one."}],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"sprung from Zeus","note":"διογενής, \"Zeus-born/sprung,\" is a generic honorific for great heroes, not a literal genealogical claim for Odysseus."},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδη","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"πολυμήχαν","lemma":"πολυμήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"of many devices"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b2-l174","source":"οὕτω δὴ οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν","translation":"shall you all truly flee home this way, to your own dear native land,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φεύξεσθ̓","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φεύξεσθ̓","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"οἶκον δέ here is the fossilized directional suffix -δε (οἶκόνδε, \"homeward\"), not the coordinating particle δέ; same construction as line 158."},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b2-l175","source":"φεύξεσθʼ ἐν νήεσσι πολυκλήϊσι πεσόντες,","translation":"falling upon your many-benched ships,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύξεσθ","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πολυκλήϊσι","lemma":"πολυκλήις","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήεσσι","gloss":"many-benched"},{"surface":"πεσόντες","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φεύξεσθ̓","gloss":"falling"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b2-l176","source":"κὰδ δέ κεν εὐχωλὴν Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ λίποιτε","translation":"and leave to Priam and the Trojans a boast to glory in —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"behind","note":"κὰδ ... λίποιτε is tmesis: the preverb κατά is split from its compound verb καταλείπω, \"leave behind.\""},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"εὐχωλὴν","lemma":"εὐχωλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a boast"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to Priam"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"λίποιτε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b2-l177","source":"Ἀργείην Ἑλένην, ἧς εἵνεκα πολλοὶ Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"Argive Helen, for whose sake so many Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείην","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλένην","gloss":"Argive"},{"surface":"Ἑλένην","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Helen"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"sake"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀπόλοντο","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολλοὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b2-l178","source":"ἐν Τροίῃ ἀπόλοντο φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης;","translation":"have perished at Troy, far from their own dear fatherland?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἀπόλοντο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἑλένην","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"φίλης","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b2-l179","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν, μηδʼ ἔτʼ ἐρώει,","translation":"But go now among the host of the Achaeans, hold back no longer;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴθι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρώει","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"ἐρώει","lemma":"ἐρωέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b2-l180","source":"σοῖς δʼ ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσιν ἐρήτυε φῶτα ἕκαστον,","translation":"with your gentle words restrain every man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοῖς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀγανοῖς","lemma":"ἀγανός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρήτυε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἐρήτυε","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"restrain"},{"surface":"φῶτα","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρήτυε","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φῶτα","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b2-l181","source":"μηδὲ ἔα νῆας ἅλα δʼ ἑλκέμεν ἀμφιελίσσας.","translation":"and do not let them drag their curved ships down into the sea.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλκέμεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλκέμεν","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἅλα δέ here is the fossilized directional suffix -δε (ἅλαδε, \"seaward\"), not the coordinating particle δέ; same construction as line 165."},{"surface":"ἑλκέμεν","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"drag"},{"surface":"ἀμφιελίσσας","lemma":"ἀμφιέλισσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"curved"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b2-l182","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε θεᾶς ὄπα φωνησάσης,","translation":"So she spoke, and he understood the voice of the goddess speaking,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ξυνέηκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξυνέηκε","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"understood","note":"ξυνέηκε, \"perceived/comprehended,\" marks Odysseus recognizing the voice as a god’s despite Athena’s having spoken unseen."},{"surface":"θεᾶς","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὄπα","gloss":"of the goddess"},{"surface":"ὄπα","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ξυνέηκε","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"φωνησάσης","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b2-l183","source":"βῆ δὲ θέειν, ἀπὸ δὲ χλαῖναν βάλε· τὴν δὲ κόμισσε","translation":"and set off running, and threw off his cloak; and it was taken up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set off"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off","note":"ἀπὸ ... βάλε is tmesis: the preverb ἀπό is split from its compound verb ἀποβάλλω, \"throw off.\""},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κόμισσε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κόμισσε","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b2-l184","source":"κῆρυξ Εὐρυβάτης Ἰθακήσιος ὅς οἱ ὀπήδει·","translation":"by the herald Eurybates of Ithaca, who attended him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρυβάτης","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"Εὐρυβάτης","lemma":"Εὐρυβάτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κόμισσε","gloss":"Eurybates","note":"Εὐρυβάτης Ἰθακήσιος, \"Eurybates of Ithaca\" — Odysseus's own herald, distinct from Talthybius who serves Agamemnon."},{"surface":"Ἰθακήσιος","lemma":"Ἰθακήσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐρυβάτης","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀπήδει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀπήδει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὀπήδει","lemma":"ὀπαδέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Εὐρυβάτης","gloss":"attended"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b2-l185","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ Ἀτρεΐδεω Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀντίος ἐλθὼν","translation":"And he himself, going to meet Agamemnon, son of Atreus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδεω","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντίος","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δέξατό","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b2-l186","source":"δέξατό οἱ σκῆπτρον πατρώϊον ἄφθιτον αἰεί·","translation":"took from him the ancestral scepter, imperishable forever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l186.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄφθιτον αἰεί","title":"\"Imperishable forever\"","body":"ἄφθιτος, \"undecaying,\" is a word Homer usually reserves for the gods' own possessions and glory — applying it to this scepter, forged by Hephaestus and passed down the royal line, folds the object into the same order of permanence as divine things."}],"words":[{"surface":"δέξατό","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δέξατό","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δέξατό","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"πατρώϊον","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σκῆπτρον","gloss":"ancestral","note":"The scepter, imperishable and passed down through generations, is the physical emblem of royal authority Odysseus now wields to marshal the army."},{"surface":"ἄφθιτον","lemma":"ἄφθιτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σκῆπτρον","gloss":"imperishable"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄφθιτον","gloss":"forever"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b2-l187","source":"σὺν τῷ ἔβη κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων.","translation":"and with it went down among the ships of the bronze-clad Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down among"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad","note":"χαλκοχιτώνων, the standing epithet for the Achaeans already locked in Book 1, reused here."}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b2-l188","source":"ὅν τινα μὲν βασιλῆα καὶ ἔξοχον ἄνδρα κιχείη","translation":"Whatever king or man of note he came upon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"whatever","note":"ὅν ... μέν here correlates with ὃν δ᾽ αὖ at line 198, ten lines later: kings and men of note (here) versus common men (there), the two groups Odysseus addresses differently."},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔξοχον","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"of note"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κιχείη","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"he came upon"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b2-l189","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσιν ἐρητύσασκε παραστάς·","translation":"standing beside him, he would restrain with gentle words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l189.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐρητύσασκε","title":"Iterative aorist in -σκε","body":"The suffix -σκε on an aorist or imperfect stem marks habitual, repeated action — \"he would restrain [each one in turn],\" not a single act. The same form recurs at lines 199 (ἐλάσασκεν, ὁμοκλήσασκε), marking Odysseus's whole progress through the army as a repeated routine, man after man."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρητύσασκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀγανοῖς","lemma":"ἀγανός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρητύσασκε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἐρητύσασκε","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would restrain"},{"surface":"παραστάς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρητύσασκε","gloss":"standing beside"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b2-l190","source":"δαιμόνιʼ οὔ σε ἔοικε κακὸν ὣς δειδίσσεσθαι,","translation":"\"Good sir, it is not fitting for you to be frightened, as though you were a coward;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιμόνι","lemma":"δαιμόνιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"good sir","note":"δαιμόνιε is a flexible address, ranging from gentle (here, to a king) to sharply reproachful (line 200, to a commoner) — same word, different register by context."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δειδίσσεσθαι","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fitting"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coward"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δειδίσσεσθαι","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"δειδίσσεσθαι","lemma":"δειδίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἔοικε","gloss":"to be frightened"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b2-l191","source":"ἀλλʼ αὐτός τε κάθησο καὶ ἄλλους ἵδρυε λαούς·","translation":"but sit down yourself, and make the rest of the people sit,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κάθησο","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαούς","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"ἵδρυε","lemma":"ἱδρύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make sit"},{"surface":"λαούς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵδρυε","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b2-l192","source":"οὐ γάρ πω σάφα οἶσθʼ οἷος νόος Ἀτρεΐωνος·","translation":"for you do not yet clearly know the mind of the son of Atreus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to οἶσθ̓","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶσθ̓","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"οἶσθ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"what","note":"οἷος here introduces an indirect question, \"what sort [of mind] the son of Atreus has,\" not a relative clause."},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐωνος","lemma":"Ἀτρείων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"of the son of Atreus"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b2-l193","source":"νῦν μὲν πειρᾶται, τάχα δʼ ἴψεται υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"now he tests us, but soon he will bear hard upon the sons of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πειρᾶται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πειρᾶται","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he tests us"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴψεται","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴψεται","lemma":"ἴπτομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bear hard upon","note":"ἴψεται is a rare, harsh verb (\"will do violence to/oppress\"), signaling that Agamemnon’s current leniency is only a test."},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἴψεται","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b2-l194","source":"ἐν βουλῇ δʼ οὐ πάντες ἀκούσαμεν οἷον ἔειπε.","translation":"Not all of us heard what he said in council.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βουλῇ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"council"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀκούσαμεν","gloss":"all of us"},{"surface":"ἀκούσαμεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀκούσαμεν","gloss":"he said"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b2-l195","source":"μή τι χολωσάμενος ῥέξῃ κακὸν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"Let him not, in his anger, do harm to the sons of the Achaeans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"let him not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ῥέξῃ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"χολωσάμενος","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥέξῃ","gloss":"in his anger"},{"surface":"ῥέξῃ","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ῥέξῃ","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b2-l196","source":"θυμὸς δὲ μέγας ἐστὶ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων,","translation":"great is the spirit of Zeus-nurtured kings,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέων","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured","note":"διοτρεφέων βασιλήων, \"Zeus-nurtured kings,\" is the standing epithet for royal authority as a gift of Zeus, locked earlier in Book 2."},{"surface":"βασιλήων","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b2-l197","source":"τιμὴ δʼ ἐκ Διός ἐστι, φιλεῖ δέ ἑ μητίετα Ζεύς.","translation":"and their honor is from Zeus, and Zeus the counselor loves them.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τιμὴ","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"φιλεῖ","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loves"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φιλεῖ","gloss":"him","note":"ἑ is the generic singular ('him'), referring to any one king; the translation pluralizes to 'them' to match the collective διοτρεφέων βασιλήων of the previous line."},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"the counselor"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φιλεῖ","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b2-l198","source":"ὃν δʼ αὖ δήμου τʼ ἄνδρα ἴδοι βοόωντά τʼ ἐφεύροι,","translation":"But whatever man of the people he saw, and found shouting,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"whatever","note":"ὃν δ᾽ αὖ correlates back to ὅν τινα μέν at line 188: kings/men of note there, common men here — the same passage's two-part treatment."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δήμου","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"of the people"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδοι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἴδοι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"βοόωντά","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφεύροι","lemma":"ἐφευρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"found"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b2-l199","source":"τὸν σκήπτρῳ ἐλάσασκεν ὁμοκλήσασκέ τε μύθῳ·","translation":"him he would strike with the scepter, and rebuke with words:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σκήπτρῳ","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐλάσασκεν","gloss":"with the scepter"},{"surface":"ἐλάσασκεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would strike"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλήσασκέ","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would rebuke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμοκλήσασκέ","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b2-l200","source":"δαιμόνιʼ ἀτρέμας ἧσο καὶ ἄλλων μῦθον ἄκουε,","translation":"\"Sit still, good sir, and listen to the words of others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιμόνι","lemma":"δαιμόνιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"good sir"},{"surface":"ἀτρέμας","lemma":"ἀτρέμας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧσο","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἧσο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"of others"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἄκουε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listen to"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b2-l201","source":"οἳ σέο φέρτεροί εἰσι, σὺ δʼ ἀπτόλεμος καὶ ἄναλκις","translation":"who are better men than you; you are unwarlike and without strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to φέρτεροί","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"φέρτεροί","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better men","note":"φέρτεροι, comparative of ἀγαθός, frames the rebuke in strict rank terms: the commoner is simply inferior to \"others,\" i.e. the nobles."},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλων","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀπτόλεμος","lemma":"ἀπόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unwarlike"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄναλκις","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"without strength"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b2-l202","source":"οὔτέ ποτʼ ἐν πολέμῳ ἐναρίθμιος οὔτʼ ἐνὶ βουλῇ·","translation":"counted for nothing either in war or in counsel.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐναρίθμιος","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ἐναρίθμιος","lemma":"ἐναρίθμιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"counted for nothing"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"or in"},{"surface":"βουλῇ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b2-l203","source":"οὐ μέν πως πάντες βασιλεύσομεν ἐνθάδʼ Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"We Achaeans cannot all be kings here;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"cannot"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to βασιλεύσομεν","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"βασιλεύσομεν","lemma":"βασιλεύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be kings"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βασιλεύσομεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of βασιλεύσομεν","gloss":"we Achaeans"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b2-l204","source":"οὐκ ἀγαθὸν πολυκοιρανίη· εἷς κοίρανος ἔστω,","translation":"the rule of many is not a good thing; let there be one ruler,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"πολυκοιρανίη","lemma":"πολυκοιρανία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the rule of many","note":"οὐκ ἀγαθὸν πολυκοιρανίη, \"the rule of many is not a good thing,\" is one of the poem’s most quoted political maxims, used here to justify single command under Agamemnon."},{"surface":"εἷς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοίρανος","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"κοίρανος","lemma":"κοίρανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"ruler"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let there be"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b2-l205","source":"εἷς βασιλεύς, ᾧ δῶκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω","translation":"one king, to whom the son of crooked-scheming Cronos has given","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l205.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀγκυλομήτεω","title":"\"Crooked-scheming\" Cronos","body":"ἀγκυλομήτης, \"of crooked/twisting counsel,\" is Cronos's standing epithet, recalling the myth of his own scheming overthrow of his father Uranus — even in a line about the divine grant of kingship, the epithet carries a memory of treachery in the family."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἷς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλεύς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"βασιλεύς","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"has given"},{"surface":"Κρόνου","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Cronos"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀγκυλομήτεω","lemma":"ἀγκυλομήτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρόνου","gloss":"crooked-scheming","note":"ἀγκυλομήτης, \"of crooked/curved counsel,\" is Cronos’s standing epithet, recalling his own scheming overthrow of Uranus."}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b2-l206","source":"σκῆπτρόν τʼ ἠδὲ θέμιστας, ἵνά σφισι βουλεύῃσι.","translation":"the scepter and the ordinances, that he may take counsel for them.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκῆπτρόν","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the scepter"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τ(ε)...ἠδὲ pairs σκῆπτρον and θέμιστας, \"the scepter and the ordinances.\""},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέμιστας","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the ordinances"},{"surface":"ἵνά","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"σφισι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of βουλεύῃσι","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"βουλεύῃσι","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνά","gloss":"take counsel"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b2-l207","source":"ὣς ὅ γε κοιρανέων δίεπε στρατόν· οἳ δʼ ἀγορὴν δὲ","translation":"So, ruling, he ranged the army; and they, back to the assembly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιρανέων","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δίεπε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κοιρανέων","lemma":"κοιρανέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δίεπε","gloss":"ruling"},{"surface":"δίεπε","lemma":"διέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ranged"},{"surface":"στρατόν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δίεπε","gloss":"the army"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπεσσεύοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπεσσεύοντο","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἀγορὴν δέ here is the fossilized directional suffix -δε (ἀγορήνδε, \"to the assembly\"), not the coordinating particle δέ — matching the οἶκόνδε/ἅλαδε pattern seen earlier in this book."}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b2-l208","source":"αὖτις ἐπεσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων","translation":"rushed once more, away from the ships and huts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεσσεύοντο","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσεύοντο","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισιάων","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"huts"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b2-l209","source":"ἠχῇ, ὡς ὅτε κῦμα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης","translation":"with a roar, as when a wave of the loud-roaring sea","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l209.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης","title":"The sea's own name for its noise","body":"πολύφλοισβος, \"much-roaring/loud-dashing,\" is a fixed sea-epithet built from onomatopoeia; the closing simile answers the wave-simile that opened the rout (line 144), framing the whole panic-and-recall sequence between two images of the same sea."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠχῇ","lemma":"ἠχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπεσσεύοντο","gloss":"with a roar"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of βρέμεται","gloss":"a wave"},{"surface":"πολυφλοίσβοιο","lemma":"πολύφλοισβος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάσσης","gloss":"loud-roaring","note":"πολυφλοίσβοιο is the standard Homeric epithet for the sea’s din, reused in the simile describing the army’s renewed roar."},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b2-l210","source":"αἰγιαλῷ μεγάλῳ βρέμεται, σμαραγεῖ δέ τε πόντος.","translation":"thunders on the great beach, and the deep sea crashes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰγιαλῷ","lemma":"αἰγιαλός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βρέμεται","gloss":"beach"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγιαλῷ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"βρέμεται","lemma":"βρέμω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"thunders"},{"surface":"σμαραγεῖ","lemma":"σμαραγέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"crashes"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πόντος","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σμαραγεῖ","gloss":"the deep sea"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b2-l211","source":"ἄλλοι μέν ῥʼ ἕζοντο, ἐρήτυθεν δὲ καθʼ ἕδρας·","translation":"Now the rest sat down, and were held back, each in his seat;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζοντο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐρήτυθεν","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were held back"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἕδρας","lemma":"ἕδρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καθ̓","gloss":"seat"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b2-l212","source":"Θερσίτης δʼ ἔτι μοῦνος ἀμετροεπὴς ἐκολῴα,","translation":"but Thersites alone kept railing on, still unmeasured in speech,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l212.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ᾔδη","title":"Pluperfect functioning as past","body":"ᾔδη is technically the pluperfect of οἶδα, \"to know,\" but like ἐῴκει (already noted in Book 2, chunk 0) it carries plain past-tense force, \"he knew\" — another member of the small class of Greek perfect-system verbs whose pluperfect reads as a simple past."}],"words":[{"surface":"Θερσίτης","lemma":"Θερσίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκολῴα","gloss":"Thersites","note":"First appearance of Thersites, the one common soldier given a full speech in the poem."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκολῴα","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μοῦνος","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἀμετροεπὴς","lemma":"ἀμετροεπής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θερσίτης","gloss":"unmeasured in speech"},{"surface":"ἐκολῴα","lemma":"κολῳάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept railing on"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b2-l213","source":"ὃς ἔπεα φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἄκοσμά τε πολλά τε ᾔδη","translation":"who knew in his heart many disorderly words,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔδη","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ᾔδη","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἄκοσμά","lemma":"ἄκοσμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"disorderly"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε pairs ἄκοσμα and πολλά, \"many and disorderly.\""},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Θερσίτης","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b2-l214","source":"μάψ, ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον, ἐριζέμεναι βασιλεῦσιν,","translation":"spoken rashly, and out of due order, to wrangle with kings —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάψ","lemma":"μάψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀτὰρ","gloss":"rashly"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"due"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"ἐριζέμεναι","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ᾔδη","gloss":"to wrangle"},{"surface":"βασιλεῦσιν","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐριζέμεναι","gloss":"with kings"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b2-l215","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ τι οἱ εἴσαιτο γελοίϊον Ἀργείοισιν","translation":"whatever might seem to him a thing to laugh at among the Argives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of εἴσαιτο","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴσαιτο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"εἴσαιτο","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"might seem"},{"surface":"γελοίϊον","lemma":"γέλοιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a thing to laugh at"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"among the Argives"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b2-l216","source":"ἔμμεναι· αἴσχιστος δὲ ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθε·","translation":"that he would say; and he was the ugliest man who had come to Ilion:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴσαιτο","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"αἴσχιστος","lemma":"αἰσχρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the ugliest","note":"αἴσχιστος ... ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθε is the recurring half-line formula \"[superlative] man who had come to Ilion,\" paired later with Nireus, \"the most beautiful man who had come to Ilion\" (line 673)."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to","note":"ὑπὸ + accusative here means motion 'up to/under the walls of' Ilion, not a filler particle."},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had come"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b2-l217","source":"φολκὸς ἔην, χωλὸς δʼ ἕτερον πόδα· τὼ δέ οἱ ὤμω","translation":"He was bow-legged, and lame in one foot; and his shoulders","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φολκὸς","lemma":"φολκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bow-legged","note":"The catalogue of Thersites’ deformities (bow-legged, lame, hunched, pointed head) is deliberately unflattering — the poem marks him as physically as well as socially outside the heroic norm."},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"χωλὸς","lemma":"χωλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lame"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕτερον","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδα","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"πόδα","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χωλὸς","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine article","role":"modifies ὤμω","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὤμω","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὤμω","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b2-l218","source":"κυρτὼ ἐπὶ στῆθος συνοχωκότε· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε","translation":"were hunched, curving in together over his chest; and above,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κυρτὼ","lemma":"κυρτός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hunched"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"συνοχωκότε","lemma":"συνόχωκα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"curving in together"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b2-l219","source":"φοξὸς ἔην κεφαλήν, ψεδνὴ δʼ ἐπενήνοθε λάχνη.","translation":"his head ran up to a point, and thin stubble grew upon it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φοξὸς","lemma":"φοξός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ran up to a point","note":"φοξός, \"peaked/conical,\" is a rare word describing a misshapen skull, part of Thersites’ grotesque physical portrait."},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to φοξὸς","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"ψεδνὴ","lemma":"ψεδνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λάχνη","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπενήνοθε","lemma":"ἐπενήνοθε","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew upon it"},{"surface":"λάχνη","lemma":"λάχνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπενήνοθε","gloss":"stubble"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b2-l220","source":"ἔχθιστος δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ μάλιστʼ ἦν ἠδʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ·","translation":"He was hated most of all by Achilles and by Odysseus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔχθιστος","lemma":"ἔχθιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hated most"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"Achilles","note":"This is Thersites' only appearance in the Iliad; his hostility to Achilles and Odysseus echoes later epic tradition (e.g. mocking Achilles over Penthesilea in the Aethiopis), not an earlier scene in this poem."},{"surface":"μάλιστ","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b2-l221","source":"τὼ γὰρ νεικείεσκε· τότʼ αὖτʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι δίῳ","translation":"for those two he was ever wont to revile; but now, at godlike Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεικείεσκε","gloss":"those two"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νεικείεσκε","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he was ever wont to revile"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λέγ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λέγ̓","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λέγ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b2-l222","source":"ὀξέα κεκλήγων λέγʼ ὀνείδεα· τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"shrieking shrilly, he hurled reproaches; and at him the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξέα","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀνείδεα","gloss":"shrilly"},{"surface":"κεκλήγων","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λέγ̓","gloss":"shrieking"},{"surface":"λέγ","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"ὀνείδεα","lemma":"ὄνειδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λέγ̓","gloss":"reproaches"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κοτέοντο","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b2-l223","source":"ἐκπάγλως κοτέοντο νεμέσσηθέν τʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ.","translation":"were violently angered, and indignant at heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκπάγλως","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοτέοντο","gloss":"violently"},{"surface":"κοτέοντο","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were angered"},{"surface":"νεμέσσηθέν","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were indignant"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b2-l224","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ μακρὰ βοῶν Ἀγαμέμνονα νείκεε μύθῳ·","translation":"But he, bawling loudly, reviled Agamemnon with these words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νείκεε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βοῶν","gloss":"loudly","note":"μακρὰ βοῶν, \"bawling at length/loudly,\" echoes the earlier ὀξέα κεκλήγων (\"shrieking shrilly\") at line 222 — Thersites’ volume is repeatedly emphasized."},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νείκεε","gloss":"bawling"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νείκεε","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"νείκεε","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reviled"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to νείκεε","gloss":"with these words"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b2-l225","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη τέο δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπιμέμφεαι ἠδὲ χατίζεις;","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, what do you complain of now, and what do you lack?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"τέο","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐπιμέμφεαι","lemma":"ἐπιμέμφομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"complain of"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χατίζεις","lemma":"χατίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lack"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b2-l226","source":"πλεῖαί τοι χαλκοῦ κλισίαι, πολλαὶ δὲ γυναῖκες","translation":"Your huts are full of bronze, and many women","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλεῖαί","lemma":"πλέως","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies κλισίαι","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"χαλκοῦ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πλεῖαί","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"κλισίαι","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"huts","note":"κλισίαι are the makeshift shelters of the beached camp, not permanent houses — part of the poem's picture of an army still living in the field after nine years."},{"surface":"πολλαὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναῖκες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶν","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b2-l227","source":"εἰσὶν ἐνὶ κλισίῃς ἐξαίρετοι, ἅς τοι Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"are in your huts, choice ones, whom we Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃς","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"ἐξαίρετοι","lemma":"ἐξαιρετός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναῖκες","gloss":"choice"},{"surface":"ἅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of δίδομεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δίδομεν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δίδομεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b2-l228","source":"πρωτίστῳ δίδομεν εὖτʼ ἂν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν.","translation":"give to you first of all, whenever we take a city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρωτίστῳ","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first of all"},{"surface":"δίδομεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γυναῖκες","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλωμεν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἕλωμεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτ̓","gloss":"take"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b2-l229","source":"ἦ ἔτι καὶ χρυσοῦ ἐπιδεύεαι, ὅν κέ τις οἴσει","translation":"Or is it still gold you want, that some man of the horse-taming Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιδεύεαι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"χρυσοῦ","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιδεύεαι","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"ἐπιδεύεαι","lemma":"ἐπιδέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οἴσει","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἴσει","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"οἴσει","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χρυσοῦ","gloss":"will bring"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b2-l230","source":"Τρώων ἱπποδάμων ἐξ Ἰλίου υἷος ἄποινα,","translation":"will bring you out of Ilion, as ransom for his son,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμων","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"horse-taming","note":"ἱππόδαμοι, \"horse-taming,\" is a standing Trojan epithet — praise for their skill with horses, given even in a Greek speaker's mouth."},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b2-l231","source":"ὅν κεν ἐγὼ δήσας ἀγάγω ἢ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"whom I, having bound him, might lead away, or some other Achaean,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγάγω","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δήσας","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγάγω","gloss":"having bound"},{"surface":"ἀγάγω","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing υἷος","gloss":"might lead away"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"some other"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b2-l232","source":"ἠὲ γυναῖκα νέην, ἵνα μίσγεαι ἐν φιλότητι,","translation":"or a young woman, to lie with in love,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"γυναῖκα","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"νέην","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναῖκα","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μίσγεαι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"lie with"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b2-l233","source":"ἥν τʼ αὐτὸς ἀπονόσφι κατίσχεαι; οὐ μὲν ἔοικεν","translation":"and keep apart for yourself alone? It is not fitting","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κατίσχεαι","gloss":"whom","note":"ἥν picks up γυναῖκα νέην from the previous line, continuing Thersites' catalog of things Agamemnon might still want (echoing the relative ὅν used earlier at lines 229 and 231)."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἀπονόσφι","lemma":"ἀπονόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατίσχεαι","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"κατίσχεαι","lemma":"κατίσχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γυναῖκα","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔοικεν","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fitting","note":"ἔοικεν, \"it is fitting/seemly,\" is a moral judgment word — Thersites frames Agamemnon's abuse of the army as literally improper, not just unwise."}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b2-l234","source":"ἀρχὸν ἐόντα κακῶν ἐπιβασκέμεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"for one who is our leader to lead the sons of the Achaeans into evils.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχὸν","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"leader","note":"ἀρχός, \"leader,\" is the same root Thersites will use for the danger of a bad ἀρχός (\"one who is our leader\") — his complaint is structural, about command itself, not just Agamemnon's character."},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"κακῶν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπιβασκέμεν","gloss":"into evils"},{"surface":"ἐπιβασκέμεν","lemma":"ἐπιβάσκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔοικεν","gloss":"to lead"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβασκέμεν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b2-l235","source":"ὦ πέπονες κάκʼ ἐλέγχεʼ Ἀχαιΐδες οὐκέτʼ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"You weaklings, base disgraces, Achaean women, no longer Achaean men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πέπονες","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"weaklings"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"vocative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐλέγχἐ","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"ἐλέγχε","lemma":"ἔλεγχος","morphology":"vocative plural neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"disgraces"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιΐδες","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achaean women"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achaean men"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b2-l236","source":"οἴκαδέ περ σὺν νηυσὶ νεώμεθα, τόνδε δʼ ἐῶμεν","translation":"let us sail for home with our ships, and leave this man here","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδέ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νεώμεθα","gloss":"for home"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"νεώμεθα","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us sail","note":"νεώμεθα is a hortatory subjunctive, \"let us,\" — Thersites proposes mass desertion as if it were a real option, not just a complaint."},{"surface":"τόνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐῶμεν","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐῶμεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b2-l237","source":"αὐτοῦ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ γέρα πεσσέμεν, ὄφρα ἴδηται","translation":"in Troy to digest his prizes, that he may see","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐῶμεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"γέρα","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πεσσέμεν","gloss":"prizes"},{"surface":"πεσσέμεν","lemma":"πέσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐῶμεν","gloss":"to digest"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἴδηται","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may see"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b2-l238","source":"ἤ ῥά τί οἱ χἠμεῖς προσαμύνομεν ἦε καὶ οὐκί·","translation":"whether we too are of some help to him, or not —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to προσαμύνομεν","gloss":"of some"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσαμύνομεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"χἠμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσαμύνομεν","gloss":"we too","note":"χἠμεῖς is crasis of καὶ ἡμεῖς, \"and we/we too.\""},{"surface":"προσαμύνομεν","lemma":"προσαμύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἦε","gloss":"are of help"},{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οὐκί","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b2-l239","source":"ὃς καὶ νῦν Ἀχιλῆα ἕο μέγʼ ἀμείνονα φῶτα","translation":"he who, even now, against Achilles — a man far better than himself —","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠτίμησεν","gloss":"he who"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠτίμησεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἕο","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνονα","gloss":"than himself"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνονα","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀμείνονα","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies φῶτα","gloss":"better","note":"ἀμείνων, comparative \"better,\" sets up the poem's real grievance underneath Thersites' outburst: Achilles, demonstrably the better man, is the one who was wronged."},{"surface":"φῶτα","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b2-l240","source":"ἠτίμησεν· ἑλὼν γὰρ ἔχει γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπούρας.","translation":"has dishonored him; for he has seized his prize and keeps it, having taken it for himself.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠτίμησεν","lemma":"ἀτιμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has dishonored"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"having seized"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀπούρας","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"having taken"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b2-l241","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ οὐκ Ἀχιλῆϊ χόλος φρεσίν, ἀλλὰ μεθήμων·","translation":"But there is no anger at all in Achilles' heart; he is slack;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φρεσίν","gloss":"Achilles'"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"heart","note":"φρήν/φρένες names the seat of thought and feeling together in Homeric psychology — not purely emotional like the English \"heart.\""},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μεθήμων","lemma":"μεθήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"slack"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b2-l242","source":"ἦ γὰρ ἂν Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν ὕστατα λωβήσαιο·","translation":"Otherwise, son of Atreus, this would be the last outrage you commit.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"otherwise","note":"ἦ γὰρ ἄν is a fixed contrary-to-fact idiom (\"surely...would\"); the sense is carried in English by \"Otherwise,\" with γὰρ and ἂν untranslated separately."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λωβήσαιο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὕστατα","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to λωβήσαιο","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"λωβήσαιο","lemma":"λωβάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"outrage"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b2-l243","source":"ὣς φάτο νεικείων Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν,","translation":"So he spoke, reviling Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"νεικείων","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"reviling"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νεικείων","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b2-l244","source":"Θερσίτης· τῷ δʼ ὦκα παρίστατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"Thersites; and swiftly godlike Odysseus came up beside him,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Θερσίτης","lemma":"Θερσίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φάτο","gloss":"Thersites","note":"Θερσίτης here is not a new introduction — it completes the sentence begun in line 243, naming the subject of φάτο. He was first introduced at line 212."},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρίστατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρίστατο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"παρίστατο","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came up beside"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρίστατο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b2-l245","source":"καί μιν ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ·","translation":"and glaring at him from under his brows, rebuked him with harsh words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l245.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν","title":"A variant of the hupodra formula","body":"This is the same ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν, \"glaring from under his brows,\" that marks the poem's fixed formula for an angry retort (locked in Book 1 as \"Then, glaring at him from under his brows, [name] spoke\"), but here paired with a different verb, ἠνίπαπε, \"rebuked\" rather than \"spoke\" — the glare-formula is held to its core wording even where the surrounding verb changes."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"from under his brows"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"glaring","note":"ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν is the locked formula \"glaring at him from under his brows,\" held to this wording even though the verb that follows (ἠνίπαπε, \"rebuked\") differs from the usual προσέφη, \"spoke.\""},{"surface":"χαλεπῷ","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθῳ","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἠνίπαπε","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b2-l246","source":"Θερσῖτʼ ἀκριτόμυθε, λιγύς περ ἐὼν ἀγορητής,","translation":"\"Thersites, reckless babbler, clear-voiced speaker though you are,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Θερσῖτ","lemma":"Θερσίτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Thersites"},{"surface":"ἀκριτόμυθε","lemma":"ἀκριτόμυθος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θερσῖτ̓","gloss":"reckless babbler","note":"ἀκριτόμυθος, \"of unmeasured/undecided speech,\" is a compound insult — the opposite of the disciplined public speech expected of kings, which is exactly what Odysseus goes on to accuse Thersites of lacking."},{"surface":"λιγύς","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορητής","gloss":"clear-voiced"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἀγορητής","lemma":"ἀγορητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"speaker"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b2-l247","source":"ἴσχεο, μηδʼ ἔθελʼ οἶος ἐριζέμεναι βασιλεῦσιν·","translation":"hold your peace, and do not wish, alone, to wrangle with kings;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσχεο","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold your peace"},{"surface":"ἔθελ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐριζέμεναι","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελ̓","gloss":"to wrangle"},{"surface":"βασιλεῦσιν","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐριζέμεναι","gloss":"with kings"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b2-l248","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ σέο φημὶ χερειότερον βροτὸν ἄλλον","translation":"for I say there is no baser mortal than you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φημὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to χερειότερον","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"φημὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"χερειότερον","lemma":"χερειότερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"baser","note":"χερειότερος is itself a comparative built on χερείων, already a comparative of κακός — a doubled comparative form that intensifies the insult."},{"surface":"βροτὸν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτὸν","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b2-l249","source":"ἔμμεναι, ὅσσοι ἅμʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃς ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθον.","translation":"among all who came beneath Ilion with the sons of Atreus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φημὶ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃς","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"the sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βροτὸν","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b2-l250","source":"τὼ οὐκ ἂν βασιλῆας ἀνὰ στόμʼ ἔχων ἀγορεύοις,","translation":"So you should not have kings on your lips as you speak,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"βασιλῆας","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"στόμ","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"lips","note":"στόμα literally means \"mouth\"; ἀνὰ στόμα ἔχειν, \"to have on one's mouth,\" is an idiom for talking about something constantly."},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύοις","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύοις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b2-l251","source":"καί σφιν ὀνείδεά τε προφέροις, νόστόν τε φυλάσσοις.","translation":"casting reproaches at them, and keeping watch for our homecoming.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of προφέροις","gloss":"at them"},{"surface":"ὀνείδεά","lemma":"ὄνειδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προφέροις","gloss":"reproaches"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε pairs προφέροις (\"casting reproaches\") with φυλάσσοις (\"keeping watch\"); English renders the pairing with a single \"and.\""},{"surface":"προφέροις","lemma":"προφέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"casting"},{"surface":"νόστόν","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φυλάσσοις","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"φυλάσσοις","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeping watch"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b2-l252","source":"οὐδέ τί πω σάφα ἴδμεν ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα,","translation":"We do not yet clearly know how these things will turn out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἴδμεν","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἴδμεν","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδμεν","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅπως","gloss":"will turn out"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b2-l253","source":"ἢ εὖ ἦε κακῶς νοστήσομεν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"whether we sons of the Achaeans shall return well or ill.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦε","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦε","gloss":"ill"},{"surface":"νοστήσομεν","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"shall return"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of νοστήσομεν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b2-l254","source":"τὼ νῦν Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν","translation":"Yet now, against Atreus' son Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧσαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀνειδίζων","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b2-l255","source":"ἧσαι ὀνειδίζων, ὅτι οἱ μάλα πολλὰ διδοῦσιν","translation":"you sit reviling him, because the hero Danaans give him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσαι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you sit","note":"ἧσαι, from ἧμαι \"to sit,\" is a vivid, static present — Odysseus casts Thersites' railing as passive sulking, not honest action."},{"surface":"ὀνειδίζων","lemma":"ὀνειδίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧσαι","gloss":"reviling"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διδοῦσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of διδοῦσιν","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"διδοῦσιν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"give"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b2-l256","source":"ἥρωες Δαναοί· σὺ δὲ κερτομέων ἀγορεύεις.","translation":"so very much; but you speak only to mock.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρωες","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διδοῦσιν","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Δαναοί","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἥρωες","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κερτομέων","lemma":"κερτομέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"mocking"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b2-l257","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·","translation":"But I will tell you plainly, and this shall indeed be fulfilled:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"plainly","note":"The ἐκ- prefix intensifies ἐρέω, \"speak out fully/plainly,\" rather than functioning as the bare preposition \"out of.\""},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fulfilled"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall be"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b2-l258","source":"εἴ κʼ ἔτι σʼ ἀφραίνοντα κιχήσομαι ὥς νύ περ ὧδε,","translation":"if I find you playing the fool again, as you do now,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιχήσομαι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κιχήσομαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀφραίνοντα","lemma":"ἀφραίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"playing the fool"},{"surface":"κιχήσομαι","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"(untranslated)"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b2-l259","source":"μηκέτʼ ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ κάρη ὤμοισιν ἐπείη,","translation":"then let the head of Odysseus no longer sit upon his shoulders,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l259.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μηκέτʼ ... ἐπείη ... εἴην","title":"Optative in a self-curse","body":"ἐπείη and εἴην are optatives of wish, \"let it no longer be... let me no longer be called\" — Odysseus stakes his own head and his own fatherhood of Telemachus on the threat that follows, a Homeric self-curse construction rather than a plain future statement."}],"words":[{"surface":"μηκέτ","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπείη","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπείη","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπείη","gloss":"head","note":"κάρη ... ἐπείη, \"may his head no longer sit on his shoulders,\" is a vivid Homeric way of threatening death by decapitation."},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπείη","gloss":"upon his shoulders"},{"surface":"ἐπείη","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b2-l260","source":"μηδʼ ἔτι Τηλεμάχοιο πατὴρ κεκλημένος εἴην,","translation":"nor let me still be called the father of Telemachus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴην","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"of Telemachus"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"κεκλημένος","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"called","note":"κεκλημένος is a perfect participle, \"having been called\" — Odysseus threatens to strip away a permanent, settled identity (fatherhood), not just a passing title."},{"surface":"εἴην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let me be"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b2-l261","source":"εἰ μὴ ἐγώ σε λαβὼν ἀπὸ μὲν φίλα εἵματα δύσω,","translation":"if I do not take you and strip from you your own garments,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of λαβὼν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δύσω","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"δύσω","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"strip","note":"ἀπὸ...δύσω is tmesis: the preverb ἀπό is split from the compound verb ἀποδύω, \"to strip off.\""}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b2-l262","source":"χλαῖνάν τʼ ἠδὲ χιτῶνα, τά τʼ αἰδῶ ἀμφικαλύπτει,","translation":"your cloak and your tunic, which cover your nakedness,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...ἠδὲ pairs χλαῖνάν (\"cloak\") with χιτῶνα (\"tunic\") as a single \"and.\""},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφικαλύπτει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αἰδῶ","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύπτει","gloss":"nakedness"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύπτει","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"cover"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b2-l263","source":"αὐτὸν δὲ κλαίοντα θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἀφήσω","translation":"and send you weeping to the swift ships,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλαίοντα","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀφήσω","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"send"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b2-l264","source":"πεπλήγων ἀγορῆθεν ἀεικέσσι πληγῇσιν.","translation":"beating you from the assembly with shameful blows.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεπλήγων","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀφήσω","gloss":"beating"},{"surface":"ἀγορῆθεν","lemma":"ἀγορῆθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπλήγων","gloss":"from the assembly"},{"surface":"ἀεικέσσι","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πληγῇσιν","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"πληγῇσιν","lemma":"πληγή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πεπλήγων","gloss":"blows"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b2-l265","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, σκήπτρῳ δὲ μετάφρενον ἠδὲ καὶ ὤμω","translation":"So he spoke, and with the scepter struck his back and shoulders;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"σκήπτρῳ","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πλῆξεν","gloss":"with the scepter"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετάφρενον","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὤμω","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b2-l266","source":"πλῆξεν· ὃ δʼ ἰδνώθη, θαλερὸν δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε δάκρυ·","translation":"he doubled over, and a swelling tear fell from him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλῆξεν","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰδνώθη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδνώθη","lemma":"ἰδνόομαι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"doubled over"},{"surface":"θαλερὸν","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυ","gloss":"swelling"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"ἔκπεσε","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"tear","note":"δάκρυ, grammatically singular, is used idiomatically for \"tears\" collectively, as often in Homer."}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b2-l267","source":"σμῶδιξ δʼ αἱματόεσσα μεταφρένου ἐξυπανέστη","translation":"and a bloody welt rose up on his back","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμῶδιξ","lemma":"σμῶδιξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξυπανέστη","gloss":"welt","note":"σμῶδιξ, \"welt,\" is a rare, physically exact word — the poem does not soften Thersites' beating into vague suffering."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἱματόεσσα","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σμῶδιξ","gloss":"bloody"},{"surface":"μεταφρένου","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξυπανέστη","gloss":"on his back"},{"surface":"ἐξυπανέστη","lemma":"ἐξυπανίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b2-l268","source":"σκήπτρου ὕπο χρυσέου· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο τάρβησέν τε,","translation":"beneath the golden scepter; and he sat down, and was afraid,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκήπτρου","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χρυσέου","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σκήπτρου","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"τάρβησέν","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was afraid"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b2-l269","source":"ἀλγήσας δʼ ἀχρεῖον ἰδὼν ἀπομόρξατο δάκρυ.","translation":"and in pain, looking about helplessly, wiped away his tears.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλγήσας","lemma":"ἀλγέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπομόρξατο","gloss":"in pain"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀχρεῖον","lemma":"ἀχρεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"helplessly","note":"ἀχρεῖον, an adverbial accusative, describes Thersites' blank, humiliated stare after the beating."},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπομόρξατο","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἀπομόρξατο","lemma":"ἀπομόργνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wiped away"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπομόρξατο","gloss":"tears"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b2-l270","source":"οἳ δὲ καὶ ἀχνύμενοί περ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἡδὺ γέλασσαν·","translation":"But the rest, grieved though they were, laughed sweetly over him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γέλασσαν","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοί","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to γέλασσαν","gloss":"grieved","note":"ἀχνύμενοί περ, \"grieved though they were,\" notes that the men laugh even though they themselves are suffering — a telling detail of a war-weary army's mood."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γέλασσαν","gloss":"sweetly"},{"surface":"γέλασσαν","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b2-l271","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν ἐς πλησίον ἄλλον·","translation":"and thus one would say, looking at his neighbor:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πλησίον","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"neighbor"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πλησίον","gloss":"(untranslated)"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b2-l272","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ δὴ μυρίʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἐσθλὰ ἔοργε","translation":"\"Ah, truly Odysseus has done countless good things,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"πόποι is a stock exclamation of surprise, paired here with ὢ for emphasis; English \"Ah\" absorbs both."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μυρί","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐσθλὰ","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔοργε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὰ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔοργε","gloss":"good things"},{"surface":"ἔοργε","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has done"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b2-l273","source":"βουλάς τʼ ἐξάρχων ἀγαθὰς πόλεμόν τε κορύσσων·","translation":"leading good counsels and marshaling war;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλάς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξάρχων","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε pairs ἐξάρχων (\"leading\") with κορύσσων (\"marshaling\") as a single \"and.\""},{"surface":"ἐξάρχων","lemma":"ἐξάρχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὰς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλάς","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"πόλεμόν","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κορύσσων","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κορύσσων","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"marshaling"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b2-l274","source":"νῦν δὲ τόδε μέγʼ ἄριστον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔρεξεν,","translation":"but now he has done this, the greatest deed among the Argives,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρεξεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔρεξεν","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἔρεξεν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has done"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b2-l275","source":"ὃς τὸν λωβητῆρα ἐπεσβόλον ἔσχʼ ἀγοράων.","translation":"in stopping this abusive reviler from our assemblies.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσχ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies λωβητῆρα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"λωβητῆρα","lemma":"λωβητήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔσχ̓","gloss":"reviler","note":"λωβητήρ shares a root with λωβάομαι, \"outrage,\" the very word Odysseus used of Agamemnon's own conduct at line 242 — the crowd turns the same charge back on Thersites."},{"surface":"ἐπεσβόλον","lemma":"ἐπεσβόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λωβητῆρα","gloss":"abusive"},{"surface":"ἔσχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"ἀγοράων","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔσχ̓","gloss":"from our assemblies"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b2-l276","source":"οὔ θήν μιν πάλιν αὖτις ἀνήσει θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ","translation":"Surely his proud spirit will not urge him again","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"θήν","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνήσει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνήσει","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνήσει","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀνήσει","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will urge"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνήσει","gloss":"spirit","note":"θυμός, the seat of impulse and courage in Homeric psychology, is distinct from φρήν, the seat of thought (cf. line 241)."},{"surface":"ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b2-l277","source":"νεικείειν βασιλῆας ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσιν.","translation":"to revile kings with words of reproach.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεικείειν","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἀνήσει","gloss":"to revile"},{"surface":"βασιλῆας","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of νεικείειν","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"ὀνειδείοις","lemma":"ὀνείδειος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"of reproach"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νεικείειν","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b2-l278","source":"ὣς φάσαν ἣ πληθύς· ἀνὰ δʼ ὃ πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"So said the throng; and up rose Odysseus, sacker of cities,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l278.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεὺς","title":"\"Sacker of cities\"","body":"πτολίπορθος, \"city-sacking,\" is a new standing epithet for Odysseus in this poem (Achilles also carries it elsewhere) — a martial byname distinct from the counsel-praising epithets \"of many wiles\" and \"of many devices\" already established for him; locked here for consistent use later in the Iliad."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάσαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάσαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies πληθύς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πληθύς","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάσαν","gloss":"throng","note":"πληθύς, \"the mass/throng,\" is a rare word for the common soldiers as a body — one of the few moments in the poem where the ordinary army's collective reaction is registered directly."},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πτολίπορθος","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"sacker of cities","note":"πτολίπορθος, \"sacker of cities,\" is a martial byname for Odysseus, distinct from his counsel-praising epithets \"of many wiles\" and \"of many devices.\""},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b2-l279","source":"ἔστη σκῆπτρον ἔχων· παρὰ δὲ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","translation":"and stood, holding the scepter; and beside him bright-eyed Athena,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood","note":"ἀνὰ...ἔστη (previous line) is tmesis: the preverb ἀνά is split from the compound verb ἀνίστημι, \"to stand up,\" rather than the bare aorist of ἵστημι."},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνώγει","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b2-l280","source":"εἰδομένη κήρυκι σιωπᾶν λαὸν ἀνώγει,","translation":"in the likeness of a herald, bade the people be silent,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰδομένη","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in the likeness","note":"Athena disguised as a herald is the poem's divine-disguise motif — a god takes a mortal shape to be heard and obeyed without revealing herself directly to the army."},{"surface":"κήρυκι","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδομένη","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"σιωπᾶν","lemma":"σιωπάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"be silent"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σιωπᾶν","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b2-l281","source":"ὡς ἅμα θʼ οἳ πρῶτοί τε καὶ ὕστατοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"so that at once both the foremost and the last of the sons of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πρῶτοί","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both","note":"τε...καὶ here pairs πρῶτοί (\"foremost\") with ὕστατοι (\"last\") as \"both...and.\""},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕστατοι","lemma":"ὕστατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b2-l282","source":"μῦθον ἀκούσειαν καὶ ἐπιφρασσαίατο βουλήν·","translation":"might hear his speech, and take note of his counsel.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l282.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀκούσειαν καὶ ἐπιφρασσαίατο","title":"Optative purpose clause","body":"ἀκούσειαν and ἐπιφρασσαίατο are optatives following ὡς in a purpose clause after a past-tense main verb (\"bade\") — Greek regularly shifts a purpose clause's mood from subjunctive to optative in this kind of secondary sequence; compare the subjunctive purpose clause δαῶμεν at line 299, where the main verb is instead an imperative in present time."}],"words":[{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσειαν","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"ἀκούσειαν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"might hear"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιφρασσαίατο","lemma":"ἐπιφράζω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"take note"},{"surface":"βουλήν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιφρασσαίατο","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b2-l283","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"He, with good will toward them, addressed them and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"toward them"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"disposed","note":"ἐὺ φρονέων, literally \"thinking well,\" is a stock Homeric idiom for \"well-disposed, favorably minded\" — rendered as \"with good will.\""},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b2-l284","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν δή σε ἄναξ ἐθέλουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, now indeed the Achaeans wish, O king, to make you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλουσιν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of θέμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"O king"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐθέλουσιν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b2-l285","source":"πᾶσιν ἐλέγχιστον θέμεναι μερόπεσσι βροτοῖσιν,","translation":"the most despised among all mortal men who speak,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτοῖσιν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐλέγχιστον","lemma":"ἐλεγχής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of θέμεναι","gloss":"most despised","note":"ἐλέγχιστον is a superlative of the same root as ἔλεγχε' used against Thersites at line 235 — Odysseus warns Agamemnon he risks becoming exactly what he mocked."},{"surface":"θέμεναι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλουσιν","gloss":"to make"},{"surface":"μερόπεσσι","lemma":"μέροψ","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτοῖσιν","gloss":"who speak"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσιν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐλέγχιστον","gloss":"mortal men"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b2-l286","source":"οὐδέ τοι ἐκτελέουσιν ὑπόσχεσιν ἥν περ ὑπέσταν","translation":"and they will not fulfill for you the promise which they made","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐκτελέουσιν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἐκτελέουσιν","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fulfill"},{"surface":"ὑπόσχεσιν","lemma":"ὑπόσχεσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκτελέουσιν","gloss":"promise","note":"The broken-promise theme drives Nestor's coming speech: the assurance given at Aulis (the omen recounted below) is the standard against which the war's ninth year is measured."},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὑπέσταν","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὑπόσχεσιν","gloss":"made"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b2-l287","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ἔτι στείχοντες ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο","translation":"when they set out, still on their way here from horse-pasturing Argos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of στείχοντες","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στείχοντες","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"στείχοντες","lemma":"στείχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπέσταν","gloss":"on their way"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἄργεος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"ἱπποβότοιο","lemma":"ἱππόβοτος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργεος","gloss":"horse-pasturing"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b2-l288","source":"Ἴλιον ἐκπέρσαντʼ εὐτείχεον ἀπονέεσθαι.","translation":"that once they had sacked well-walled Ilion, they would return home.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσαντ̓","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἐκπέρσαντ","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having sacked"},{"surface":"εὐτείχεον","lemma":"εὐτείχεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"well-walled","note":"εὐτείχεος, \"well-walled,\" is a standing epithet for Ilion's fortifications, distinct from \"wide-wayed\" (πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν), used for the city as inhabited space."},{"surface":"ἀπονέεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"would return home"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b2-l289","source":"ὥς τε γὰρ ἢ παῖδες νεαροὶ χῆραί τε γυναῖκες","translation":"For like young children, or widowed women,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"νεαροὶ","lemma":"νεαρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"χῆραί","lemma":"χήρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναῖκες","gloss":"widowed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b2-l290","source":"ἀλλήλοισιν ὀδύρονται οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι.","translation":"they wail to one another to go home.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀδύρονται","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"ὀδύρονται","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wail"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νέεσθαι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρονται","gloss":"to go"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b2-l291","source":"ἦ μὴν καὶ πόνος ἐστὶν ἀνιηθέντα νέεσθαι·","translation":"And truly it is hardship, to be worn out and go home;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l291.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόνος","title":"ponos: toil","body":"πόνος, \"toil, hardship, labor,\" is one of Homer's recurring value-terms for the grinding cost of war, set here directly against the longing for homecoming — the same word runs through the poem wherever endurance under suffering is being weighed against its price."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly","note":"ἦ μήν is a fixed idiom, \"surely/truly\"; the sense is carried by \"truly\" on ἦ, with μήν left untranslated."},{"surface":"μὴν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πόνος","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"hardship"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀνιηθέντα","lemma":"ἀνιάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶν","gloss":"go home"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b2-l292","source":"καὶ γάρ τίς θʼ ἕνα μῆνα μένων ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο","translation":"for even a man who stays but a single month away from his wife","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀσχαλάᾳ","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῆνα","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"μῆνα","lemma":"μείς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μένων","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"μένων","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀσχαλάᾳ","gloss":"stays"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχοιο","gloss":"his","note":"ἑός/ἥ is the reflexive possessive, \"his own,\" marking the wife as specifically his own, not merely a 3rd-person possessive."},{"surface":"ἀλόχοιο","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b2-l293","source":"ἀσχαλάᾳ σὺν νηῒ πολυζύγῳ, ὅν περ ἄελλαι","translation":"chafes, aboard his many-benched ship, when the storm-winds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσχαλάᾳ","lemma":"ἀσχαλάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"chafes"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"aboard"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"πολυζύγῳ","lemma":"πολύζυγος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"many-benched"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰλέωσιν","gloss":"him","note":"ὅν refers back to the man of the previous line; its verb, εἰλέωσιν \"pen him in,\" follows in the next line."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄελλαι","lemma":"ἄελλα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"storm-winds"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b2-l294","source":"χειμέριαι εἰλέωσιν ὀρινομένη τε θάλασσα·","translation":"pen him in, and the sea is stirred to trouble;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειμέριαι","lemma":"χειμέριος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄελλαι","gloss":"wintry"},{"surface":"εἰλέωσιν","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τίς","gloss":"pen him in"},{"surface":"ὀρινομένη","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies θάλασσα","gloss":"is stirred to trouble"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάλασσα","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b2-l295","source":"ἡμῖν δʼ εἴνατός ἐστι περιτροπέων ἐνιαυτὸς","translation":"but for us this is now the ninth revolving year","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴνατός","lemma":"εἴνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτὸς","gloss":"ninth"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"περιτροπέων","lemma":"περιτροπέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"revolving"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτὸς","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"year","note":"Marks this as the ninth year of the siege — the timespan central to the whole poem's setting, and about to be justified by the Aulis omen Odysseus recounts next."}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b2-l296","source":"ἐνθάδε μιμνόντεσσι· τὼ οὐ νεμεσίζομʼ Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"that we have remained here; so I do not blame the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μιμνόντεσσι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"μιμνόντεσσι","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"have remained"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νεμεσίζομ","lemma":"νεμεσίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blame","note":"νεμεσίζομαι is built on νέμεσις, righteous indignation/blame — a key Homeric concept for socially appropriate anger, here explicitly withheld from the war-weary Achaeans."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀσχαλάαν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b2-l297","source":"ἀσχαλάαν παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔμπης","translation":"for chafing beside the curved ships; yet still, all the same,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσχαλάαν","lemma":"ἀσχαλάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of νεμεσίζομ̓","gloss":"chafing"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κορωνίσιν","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still, all the same"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b2-l298","source":"αἰσχρόν τοι δηρόν τε μένειν κενεόν τε νέεσθαι.","translation":"it is shameful to stay so long, and to go home empty-handed.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰσχρόν","lemma":"αἰσχρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"shameful","note":"αἰσχρόν, \"shameful,\" frames prolonged, fruitless waiting as a matter of honor, not merely hardship."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δηρόν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μένειν","gloss":"so long"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε pairs μένειν (\"to stay\") with νέεσθαι (\"to go home\") as a single \"and.\""},{"surface":"μένειν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"to stay"},{"surface":"κενεόν","lemma":"κενός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to νέεσθαι","gloss":"empty-handed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"to go home"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b2-l299","source":"τλῆτε φίλοι, καὶ μείνατʼ ἐπὶ χρόνον ὄφρα δαῶμεν","translation":"Endure it, friends, and stay a while longer, that we may learn","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l299.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὄφρα δαῶμεν","title":"Subjunctive purpose clause","body":"δαῶμεν is an aorist subjunctive in a purpose clause following an imperative in present time (\"stay... that we may learn\") — the regular primary-sequence mood, held here against the optative purpose clause ἀκούσειαν at line 282, which follows a past-tense main verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"τλῆτε","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μείνατ","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"a while longer"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δαῶμεν","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may learn"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b2-l300","source":"ἢ ἐτεὸν Κάλχας μαντεύεται ἦε καὶ οὐκί.","translation":"whether Calchas prophesies truly, or not.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἐτεὸν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of μαντεύεται","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"Κάλχας","lemma":"Κάλχας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μαντεύεται","gloss":"Calchas","note":"Calchas is the seer whose interpretation of the sign at Aulis (recounted below, lines 308ff.) authorized the war's nine-year timeline in the first place."},{"surface":"μαντεύεται","lemma":"μαντεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦε","gloss":"prophesies"},{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οὐκί","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b2-l301","source":"εὖ γὰρ δὴ τόδε ἴδμεν ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἐστὲ δὲ πάντες","translation":"For this we know well in our hearts, and you are all","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδμεν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἴδμεν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"our hearts"},{"surface":"ἐστὲ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐστὲ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b2-l302","source":"μάρτυροι, οὓς μὴ κῆρες ἔβαν θανάτοιο φέρουσαι·","translation":"witnesses, all whom the fates of death have not carried off:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάρτυροι","lemma":"μάρτυρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"witnesses"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρουσαι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κῆρες","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"fates","note":"κῆρες, personified death-spirits, are distinct from the abstract θάνατος, \"death,\" named right after in the same line."},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πάντες","gloss":"have carried off"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆρες","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"φέρουσαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b2-l303","source":"χθιζά τε καὶ πρωΐζʼ ὅτʼ ἐς Αὐλίδα νῆες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"yesterday, or the day before, when the ships of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χθιζά","lemma":"χθιζός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or","note":"τε...καὶ pairs χθιζά (\"yesterday\") with πρωΐζ' (\"the day before\") as a single \"or.\""},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πρωΐζ","lemma":"πρωιζός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the day before"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Αὐλίδα","lemma":"Αὐλίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"Aulis","note":"Aulis: the Boeotian mustering-harbor where the Achaean fleet gathered before sailing for Troy."},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠγερέθοντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b2-l304","source":"ἠγερέθοντο κακὰ Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ φέρουσαι,","translation":"gathered at Aulis, bringing evils to Priam and the Trojans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠγερέθοντο","lemma":"ἠγερέθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φέρουσαι","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"φέρουσαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἠγερέθοντο","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b2-l305","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ ἀμφὶ περὶ κρήνην ἱεροὺς κατὰ βωμοὺς","translation":"we, around a spring, at the sacred altars,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕρδομεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"κρήνην","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"a spring"},{"surface":"ἱεροὺς","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βωμοὺς","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"βωμοὺς","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"altars"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b2-l306","source":"ἕρδομεν ἀθανάτοισι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας","translation":"were offering to the immortals full hecatombs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕρδομεν","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"were offering"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἕρδομεν","gloss":"to the immortals"},{"surface":"τεληέσσας","lemma":"τελήεις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβας","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβας","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἕρδομεν","gloss":"hecatombs","note":"A \"hecatomb\" is literally a sacrifice of a hundred oxen (ἑκατόν, \"hundred\"), though the word came to mean any large formal sacrifice."}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b2-l307","source":"καλῇ ὑπὸ πλατανίστῳ ὅθεν ῥέεν ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ·","translation":"beneath a fair plane-tree, from which flowed bright water;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλῇ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πλατανίστῳ","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"πλατανίστῳ","lemma":"πλατάνιστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"plane-tree"},{"surface":"ὅθεν","lemma":"ὅθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέεν","gloss":"from which"},{"surface":"ῥέεν","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πλατανίστῳ","gloss":"flowed"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ῥέεν","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b2-l308","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐφάνη μέγα σῆμα· δράκων ἐπὶ νῶτα δαφοινὸς","translation":"and there a great sign appeared: a serpent, blood-red on its back,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάνη","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐφάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐφάνη","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"δράκων","lemma":"δράκων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρουσεν","gloss":"serpent","note":"This omen-serpent scene (lines 308–332) is the flashback Odysseus uses to justify staying at Troy nine more years — the story continues into the next batch."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"its back"},{"surface":"δαφοινὸς","lemma":"δαφοινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δράκων","gloss":"blood-red"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b2-l309","source":"σμερδαλέος, τόν ῥʼ αὐτὸς Ὀλύμπιος ἧκε φόως δέ,","translation":"a terror, which the Olympian himself had sent up into the light,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέος","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δράκων","gloss":"a terror"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἧκε","gloss":"the Olympian","note":"\"The Olympian\" functions here as an epithet-as-name for Zeus, without needing his personal name spelled out."},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δράκων","gloss":"had sent"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"into the light"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This δέ is not the coordinating particle but the fossilized directional suffix -δε attached to φόως (\"to/into the light\"); its sense is already carried by φόως."}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b2-l310","source":"βωμοῦ ὑπαΐξας πρός ῥα πλατάνιστον ὄρουσεν.","translation":"darted out from beneath the altar and rushed to the plane-tree.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βωμοῦ","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπαΐξας","gloss":"altar"},{"surface":"ὑπαΐξας","lemma":"ὑπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄρουσεν","gloss":"darted out from beneath"},{"surface":"πρός","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πλατάνιστον","lemma":"πλατάνιστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρός","gloss":"plane-tree"},{"surface":"ὄρουσεν","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b2-l311","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἔσαν στρουθοῖο νεοσσοί, νήπια τέκνα,","translation":"There were the nestlings of a sparrow, tender young,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"στρουθοῖο","lemma":"στρουθός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νεοσσοί","gloss":"of a sparrow"},{"surface":"νεοσσοί","lemma":"νεοσσός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"nestlings"},{"surface":"νήπια","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"young"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b2-l312","source":"ὄζῳ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτῳ πετάλοις ὑποπεπτηῶτες","translation":"crouched beneath the leaves, on the topmost branch,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄζῳ","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"branch"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀκροτάτῳ","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ὄζῳ","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"πετάλοις","lemma":"πέταλον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑποπεπτηῶτες","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"ὑποπεπτηῶτες","lemma":"ὑποπίπτω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"crouched beneath"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b2-l313","source":"ὀκτώ, ἀτὰρ μήτηρ ἐνάτη ἦν ἣ τέκε τέκνα·","translation":"eight of them, and the mother that bore them made a ninth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀκτώ","lemma":"ὀκτώ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"eight"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐνάτη","lemma":"ἔνατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a ninth","note":"The omen's eight nestlings plus the mother make nine — Calchas will read this as an allegory for nine years of war, with a tenth for victory (line 329)."},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was","note":"ἦν (from εἰμί, \"to be\") literally means \"was\" — \"was a ninth\" is rendered idiomatically in English as \"made a ninth.\""},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μήτηρ","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b2-l314","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ γε τοὺς ἐλεεινὰ κατήσθιε τετριγῶτας·","translation":"There the serpent devoured them, piteously cheeping;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατήσθιε","gloss":"the serpent"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατήσθιε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐλεεινὰ","lemma":"ἐλεεινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τετριγῶτας","gloss":"piteously"},{"surface":"κατήσθιε","lemma":"κατεσθίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devoured","note":"κατήσθιε is imperfect tense, \"kept devouring\" — picturing the serpent eating the nestlings one by one rather than all at once."},{"surface":"τετριγῶτας","lemma":"τρίζω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"cheeping"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b2-l315","source":"μήτηρ δʼ ἀμφεποτᾶτο ὀδυρομένη φίλα τέκνα·","translation":"and the mother fluttered about, mourning her dear children;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφεποτᾶτο","gloss":"the mother"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφεποτᾶτο","lemma":"ἀμφιποτάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fluttered about"},{"surface":"ὀδυρομένη","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφεποτᾶτο","gloss":"mourning"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὀδυρομένη","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b2-l316","source":"τὴν δʼ ἐλελιξάμενος πτέρυγος λάβεν ἀμφιαχυῖαν.","translation":"but coiling round, he seized her by the wing, as she screamed about him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of λάβεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐλελιξάμενος","lemma":"ἐλελίζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάβεν","gloss":"coiling round","note":"ἐλελιξάμενος gives a vivid physical detail of the snake's motion, seizing the mother bird as she circles and screams around it."},{"surface":"πτέρυγος","lemma":"πτέρυξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λάβεν","gloss":"by the wing"},{"surface":"λάβεν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"ἀμφιαχυῖαν","lemma":"ἀμφιάχω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"screaming about him"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b2-l317","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ τέκνα φάγε στρουθοῖο καὶ αὐτήν,","translation":"But when he had devoured the sparrow's children, and her too,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"κατά...φάγε is tmesis: the preverb κατά belongs with φάγε to form the compound sense \"devour,\" καταφαγεῖν."},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"φάγε","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had devoured"},{"surface":"στρουθοῖο","lemma":"στρουθός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"sparrow's"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτήν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"her too"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b2-l318","source":"τὸν μὲν ἀρίζηλον θῆκεν θεὸς ὅς περ ἔφηνε·","translation":"the god who had shown him made him a thing to marvel at:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀρίζηλον","lemma":"ἀρίζηλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of θῆκεν","gloss":"a thing to marvel at","note":"ἀρίζηλος combines the intensifying prefix ἀρι- with δῆλος, \"very visible/clear\" — being turned to stone made the omen permanently displayed rather than concealed."},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκεν","gloss":"the god"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφηνε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔφηνε","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεὸς","gloss":"had shown"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b2-l319","source":"λᾶαν γάρ μιν ἔθηκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω·","translation":"for the son of crooked-scheming Cronos turned him to stone;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λᾶαν","lemma":"λᾶας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of ἔθηκε","gloss":"to stone"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"Κρόνου","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"Cronos"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθηκε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀγκυλομήτεω","lemma":"ἀγκυλομήτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρόνου","gloss":"crooked-scheming","note":"ἀγκυλομήτης, \"crooked-scheming,\" is a standing epithet for Cronos, recalling his own deceptions against his father Uranus and later his son Zeus."}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b2-l320","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ ἑσταότες θαυμάζομεν οἷον ἐτύχθη.","translation":"and we stood there marveling at what had come to pass.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θαυμάζομεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑσταότες","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θαυμάζομεν","gloss":"stood there"},{"surface":"θαυμάζομεν","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveling","note":"First-person plural: the soldiers themselves, including Odysseus, witnessed the omen firsthand at Aulis — this is eyewitness testimony, not hearsay."},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐτύχθη","gloss":"at what"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of θαυμάζομεν","gloss":"had come to pass"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b2-l321","source":"ὡς οὖν δεινὰ πέλωρα θεῶν εἰσῆλθʼ ἑκατόμβας,","translation":"So then, when this terrible portent of the gods had come upon our hecatombs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσῆλθ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δεινὰ","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέλωρα","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"πέλωρα","lemma":"πέλωρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of εἰσῆλθ̓","gloss":"portent"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβας","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"εἰσῆλθ","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"had come upon"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβας","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσῆλθ̓","gloss":"our hecatombs"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b2-l322","source":"Κάλχας δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτα θεοπροπέων ἀγόρευε·","translation":"Calchas at once spoke out, prophesying, and said:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l322.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεοπροπέων","title":"\"Declaring the god's word\"","body":"θεοπροπέων, \"prophesying, declaring divine oracles,\" is a distinct word from the standing epithet μάντις, \"seer\" — it names the act of interpretation itself rather than describing the seer's standing, and marks the moment Calchas moves from witness to authoritative interpreter of what has just happened."}],"words":[{"surface":"Κάλχας","lemma":"Κάλχας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"Calchas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θεοπροπέων","lemma":"θεοπροπέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"prophesying"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke out"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b2-l323","source":"τίπτʼ ἄνεῳ ἐγένεσθε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί;","translation":"'Why have you fallen silent, long-haired Achaeans?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτ","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐγένεσθε","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἄνεῳ","lemma":"ἄνεω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγένεσθε","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"ἐγένεσθε","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have fallen"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντες","gloss":"long-","note":"κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί is the locked standing epithet \"long-haired Achaeans,\" split here across κάρη and κομόωντες."},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, vocative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b2-l324","source":"ἡμῖν μὲν τόδʼ ἔφηνε τέρας μέγα μητίετα Ζεὺς","translation":"This great portent Zeus the counselor has shown to us,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔφηνε","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τέρας","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔφηνε","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has shown"},{"surface":"τέρας","lemma":"τέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφηνε","gloss":"portent"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέρας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"the counselor","note":"μητίετα, \"the counselor,\" is a standing epithet for Zeus emphasizing his role as source of the plan — recalling the Διὸς βουλή, \"the will of Zeus,\" named at the very start of the poem (Book 1)."},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφηνε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b2-l325","source":"ὄψιμον ὀψιτέλεστον, ὅου κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται.","translation":"late, and late to be fulfilled, but its fame shall never perish.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l325.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται","title":"kleos: fame that will never die","body":"κλέος, \"fame, glory,\" is the Iliad's other great governing term alongside μῆνις, \"wrath\" — the immortality a mortal act or event can win through being sung about. Calchas promises the omen itself undying κλέος, the same currency the poem's heroes fight and die to earn."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψιμον","lemma":"ὄψιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέρας","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"ὀψιτέλεστον","lemma":"ὀψιτέλεστος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέρας","gloss":"late to be fulfilled"},{"surface":"ὅου","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀλεῖται","gloss":"fame","note":"κλέος, \"fame/glory,\" specifically names the kind of renown that lives on in poetic memory — its κλέος is the very story Calchas is now retelling, and Homer is singing."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ὀλεῖται","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ὀλεῖται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τέρας","gloss":"shall perish"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b2-l326","source":"ὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκνα φάγε στρουθοῖο καὶ αὐτὴν","translation":"As this serpent devoured the sparrow's children, and her too,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀτὰρ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of φάγε","gloss":"this serpent"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Second occurrence of the κατά...φάγε tmesis (compound καταφαγεῖν, \"devour\"), matching line 317."},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"φάγε","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀτὰρ","gloss":"devoured"},{"surface":"στρουθοῖο","lemma":"στρουθός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"sparrow's"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"her too"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b2-l327","source":"ὀκτώ, ἀτὰρ μήτηρ ἐνάτη ἦν ἣ τέκε τέκνα,","translation":"eight of them, and the mother that bore them made a ninth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀκτώ","lemma":"ὀκτώ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"eight"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐνάτη","lemma":"ἔνατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a ninth"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀτὰρ","gloss":"was","note":"ἦν (from εἰμί, \"to be\") literally means \"was\" — \"was a ninth\" is rendered idiomatically in English as \"made a ninth,\" matching line 313."},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μήτηρ","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b2-l328","source":"ὣς ἡμεῖς τοσσαῦτʼ ἔτεα πτολεμίξομεν αὖθι,","translation":"so shall we war here for just as many years,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πτολεμίξομεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πτολεμίξομεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"τοσσαῦτ","lemma":"τοσοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔτεα","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"ἔτεα","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πτολεμίξομεν","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"πτολεμίξομεν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall war"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πτολεμίξομεν","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b2-l329","source":"τῷ δεκάτῳ δὲ πόλιν αἱρήσομεν εὐρυάγυιαν.","translation":"and in the tenth we shall take the wide-wayed city.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies δεκάτῳ","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"δεκάτῳ","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to αἱρήσομεν","gloss":"tenth"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of αἱρήσομεν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"αἱρήσομεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall take"},{"surface":"εὐρυάγυιαν","lemma":"εὐρυάγυια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"wide-wayed","note":"εὐρυάγυιαν, \"wide-wayed,\" is the locked standing epithet for a great city, here applied to Troy."}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b2-l330","source":"κεῖνος τὼς ἀγόρευε· τὰ δὴ νῦν πάντα τελεῖται.","translation":"So he spoke; and now all this is being fulfilled.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τὼς","lemma":"τώς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies πάντα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελεῖται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of τελεῖται","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τελεῖται","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is being fulfilled","note":"τελεῖται, present passive, stresses that the prophecy is being fulfilled right now, in year ten of the war — the same root τελ- used of Zeus's plan being \"fulfilled\" (τετελεσμένον) in Odysseus's threat at line 257."}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b2-l331","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μίμνετε πάντες ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"But come, remain, all you well-greaved Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μίμνετε","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remain"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b2-l332","source":"αὐτοῦ εἰς ὅ κεν ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἕλωμεν.","translation":"here, until we take Priam's great city.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l332.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰς ὅ κεν ... ἕλωμεν","title":"Indefinite temporal clause with the subjunctive","body":"εἰς ὅ κεν with the aorist subjunctive ἕλωμεν, \"until we take,\" is the regular Greek construction for an anticipated but not yet realized future event — Odysseus's closing command is grammatically open-ended, waiting on an outcome rather than naming a fixed date."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μίμνετε","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἕλωμεν","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλωμεν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"ἕλωμεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"we take"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b2-l333","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργεῖοι δὲ μέγʼ ἴαχον, ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες","translation":"So he spoke, and the Argives shouted greatly, and around them the ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἴαχον","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴαχον","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἴαχον","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κονάβησαν","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κονάβησαν","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b2-l334","source":"σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"rang terribly at the roar of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κονάβησαν","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"κονάβησαν","lemma":"κοναβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"ἀϋσάντων","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at the roar"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b2-l335","source":"μῦθον ἐπαινήσαντες Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο·","translation":"praising the words of godlike Odysseus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαινήσαντες","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἐπαινήσαντες","lemma":"ἐπαινέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴαχον","gloss":"praising"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b2-l336","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then among them spoke also Nestor, the Gerenian horseman:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l336.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ","title":"Nestor, the Gerenian horseman","body":"Γερήνιος ties Nestor to Gerenia, a place in his own kingdom of Pylos, while ἱππότα, \"horseman, charioteer,\" honors him as a driver of horses — a standing epithet-and-name unit distinct from any other title Homer gives him, held to this exact wording wherever it recurs."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"Gerenian","note":"Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ, \"Nestor, the Gerenian horseman,\" is a new locked standing epithet-and-name unit for Nestor, held to this exact wording wherever it recurs."},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b2-l337","source":"ὦ πόποι ἦ δὴ παισὶν ἐοικότες ἀγοράασθε","translation":"\"Ah, shame — truly you hold assembly like children,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Bare ἦ functioning as a sentence-emphasizing particle rather than part of a fixed idiom (contrast ἦ μάν at l370)."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"παισὶν","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγοράασθε","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἀγοράασθε","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold assembly"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b2-l338","source":"νηπιάχοις οἷς οὔ τι μέλει πολεμήϊα ἔργα.","translation":"like infants, to whom the works of war are of no concern at all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηπιάχοις","lemma":"νηπίαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παισὶν","gloss":"infants"},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μέλει","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μέλει","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μέλει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing παισὶν","gloss":"concern"},{"surface":"πολεμήϊα","lemma":"πολεμήιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of μέλει","gloss":"works"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b2-l339","source":"πῇ δὴ συνθεσίαι τε καὶ ὅρκια βήσεται ἥμιν;","translation":"Where, then, will our covenants and our oaths come to?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of βήσεται","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"συνθεσίαι","lemma":"συνθεσία","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"covenants"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"Coordinating τε...καί pair joining συνθεσίαι and ὅρκια, \"covenants and oaths.\""},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅρκια","lemma":"ὅρκιον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"oaths"},{"surface":"βήσεται","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come to","note":"βήσεται (\"will step/go\") used metaphorically of an abstract outcome — \"where will our oaths end up\" — the same verb elsewhere describes literal walking."},{"surface":"ἥμιν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to βήσεται","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b2-l340","source":"ἐν πυρὶ δὴ βουλαί τε γενοίατο μήδεά τʼ ἀνδρῶν","translation":"Into the fire, then, let our counsels go, and the plans of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l340.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γενοίατο","title":"Optative of bitter wish","body":"γενοίατο is an aorist optative, the mood Greek uses for a wish rather than a statement of fact: Nestor is not reporting that the army's counsels and oaths have burned, he is voicing an angry, ironic wish that they might as well, given how the assembly has behaved."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βουλαί","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"Coordinating τε...τε pair joining βουλαί and μήδεα ἀνδρῶν."},{"surface":"γενοίατο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let ... go"},{"surface":"μήδεά","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μήδεά","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b2-l341","source":"σπονδαί τʼ ἄκρητοι καὶ δεξιαί, ᾗς ἐπέπιθμεν·","translation":"and the unmixed libations, and the right hands we trusted in;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπονδαί","lemma":"σπονδή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"libations"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄκρητοι","lemma":"ἄκρατος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σπονδαί","gloss":"unmixed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεξιαί","lemma":"δεξιά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"right hands"},{"surface":"ᾗς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέπιθμεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐπέπιθμεν","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δεξιαί","gloss":"we trusted"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b2-l342","source":"αὔτως γὰρ ἐπέεσσʼ ἐριδαίνομεν, οὐδέ τι μῆχος","translation":"for in vain do we wrangle with words, and no device","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐριδαίνομεν","gloss":"in vain","note":"αὔτως, \"just so, to no purpose,\" frames the whole line as futile talk before μῆχος (\"device\") names the missing remedy."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσ","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐριδαίνομεν","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"ἐριδαίνομεν","lemma":"ἐριδαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wrangle"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies μῆχος","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"μῆχος","lemma":"μῆχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εὑρέμεναι","gloss":"device"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b2-l343","source":"εὑρέμεναι δυνάμεσθα, πολὺν χρόνον ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντες.","translation":"can we find, though we have been here so long a time.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὑρέμεναι","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δυνάμεσθα","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"δυνάμεσθα","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"can we"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐόντες","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντες","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δυνάμεσθα","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b2-l344","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη σὺ δʼ ἔθʼ ὡς πρὶν ἔχων ἀστεμφέα βουλὴν","translation":"Son of Atreus, do you, as before, holding fast your unshaken purpose,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄρχεὐ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔθ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχων","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄρχεὐ","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἀστεμφέα","lemma":"ἀστεμφής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλὴν","gloss":"unshaken"},{"surface":"βουλὴν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"purpose"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b2-l345","source":"ἄρχευʼ Ἀργείοισι κατὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας,","translation":"still lead the Argives amid the mighty battles,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρχευ","lemma":"ἀρχεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lead"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἄρχεὐ","gloss":"the Argives","note":"Ἀργεῖοι here is simply a synonym for the Achaean host, not a reference to the city of Argos specifically."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"κρατερὰς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνας","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνας","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"battles"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b2-l346","source":"τούσδε δʼ ἔα φθινύθειν ἕνα καὶ δύο, τοί κεν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"and let these men waste away, one or two, who among the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τούσδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"φθινύθειν","lemma":"φθινύθω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"waste away"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βουλεύωσ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to νόσφιν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b2-l347","source":"νόσφιν βουλεύωσʼ· ἄνυσις δʼ οὐκ ἔσσεται αὐτῶν·","translation":"take counsel apart; no accomplishment will come of it —","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"βουλεύωσ","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τούσδε","gloss":"take counsel"},{"surface":"ἄνυσις","lemma":"ἄνυσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"accomplishment"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄνυσις","gloss":"of them"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b2-l348","source":"πρὶν Ἄργος δʼ ἰέναι πρὶν καὶ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"before they go back to Argos, before they even learn","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Ἄργος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἰέναι","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὑπόσχεσις","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b2-l349","source":"γνώμεναι εἴ τε ψεῦδος ὑπόσχεσις εἴ τε καὶ οὐκί.","translation":"whether the promise of Zeus who bears the aegis is a lie or not.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνώμεναι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"learn"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Part of the correlative εἴ τε ... εἴ τε καί construction, \"whether... or,\" rather than the ordinary coordinating τε."},{"surface":"ψεῦδος","lemma":"ψεῦδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"ὑπόσχεσις","lemma":"ὑπόσχεσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"promise"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οὐκί","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b2-l350","source":"φημὶ γὰρ οὖν κατανεῦσαι ὑπερμενέα Κρονίωνα","translation":"For I say the exceedingly mighty son of Cronos gave his nod of assent","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l350.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπερμενέα Κρονίωνα","title":"The \"exceedingly mighty\" son of Cronos","body":"ὑπερμενής, \"exceeding in might,\" is an intensified compound Homer reaches for at moments when Zeus's power is invoked as a guarantee — here backing up the omen's authority. Held to this same wording where the phrase recurs later in the chunk."}],"words":[{"surface":"φημὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κατανεῦσαι","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of φημὶ","gloss":"gave his nod of assent"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέα","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνα","gloss":"exceedingly mighty"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνα","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατανεῦσαι","gloss":"son of Cronos"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b2-l351","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτε νηυσὶν ἐν ὠκυπόροισιν ἔβαινον","translation":"on the day when the Argives went aboard their swift-faring ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατανεῦσαι","gloss":"on the day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαινον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"aboard"},{"surface":"ὠκυπόροισιν","lemma":"ὠκύπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"swift-faring"},{"surface":"ἔβαινον","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῷ","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b2-l352","source":"Ἀργεῖοι Τρώεσσι φόνον καὶ κῆρα φέροντες","translation":"bringing death and doom upon the Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔβαινον","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"upon the Trojans"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαινον","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b2-l353","source":"ἀστράπτων ἐπιδέξιʼ ἐναίσιμα σήματα φαίνων.","translation":"flashing his lightning on the right, showing forth signs of good omen.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀστράπτων","lemma":"ἀστράπτω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατανεῦσαι","gloss":"flashing his lightning"},{"surface":"ἐπιδέξι","lemma":"ἐπιδέξιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀστράπτων","gloss":"on the right"},{"surface":"ἐναίσιμα","lemma":"ἐναίσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies σήματα","gloss":"of good omen"},{"surface":"σήματα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φαίνων","gloss":"signs"},{"surface":"φαίνων","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατανεῦσαι","gloss":"showing forth"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b2-l354","source":"τὼ μή τις πρὶν ἐπειγέσθω οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι","translation":"So let no man hasten to make his way home","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπειγέσθω","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νέεσθαι","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This πρίν looks forward to the πρίν clause of l355 (\"before he has lain...\"); the postponement is voiced there, not glossed twice."},{"surface":"ἐπειγέσθω","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hasten"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νέεσθαι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"The -δε here is the fossilized directional suffix on οἶκον (οἶκόνδε, \"homeward\"), not the coordinating particle δέ; its sense is already carried by \"home\" above."},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐπειγέσθω","gloss":"make his way"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b2-l355","source":"πρίν τινα πὰρ Τρώων ἀλόχῳ κατακοιμηθῆναι,","translation":"before he has lain beside the wife of some Trojan,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατακοιμηθῆναι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλόχῳ","gloss":"of some Trojan"},{"surface":"ἀλόχῳ","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"κατακοιμηθῆναι","lemma":"κατακοιμάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"has lain"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b2-l356","source":"τίσασθαι δʼ Ἑλένης ὁρμήματά τε στοναχάς τε.","translation":"and paid the price for Helen's strivings and her groans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l356.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἑλένης ὁρμήματά τε στοναχάς τε","title":"Whose strivings, whose groans?","body":"The genitive Ἑλένης governs both nouns, but Greek leaves open whether these are Helen's own restless flight and her own laments, or the Achaeans' toil and grief suffered on her account — a genuine ambiguity Homer does not resolve, kept open here rather than silently decided."}],"words":[{"surface":"τίσασθαι","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"paid the price"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑλένης","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τίσασθαι","gloss":"Helen's"},{"surface":"ὁρμήματά","lemma":"ὅρμημα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"strivings"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"Coordinating τε...τε pair joining ὁρμήματα and στοναχάς."},{"surface":"στοναχάς","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"groans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b2-l357","source":"εἰ δέ τις ἐκπάγλως ἐθέλει οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι","translation":"But if any man is desperately eager to return home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλει","gloss":"any man"},{"surface":"ἐκπάγλως","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλει","gloss":"desperately"},{"surface":"ἐθέλει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is eager"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νέεσθαι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Fossilized directional -δε on οἶκον (οἶκόνδε), not the coordinating particle δέ; see l354."},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλει","gloss":"return"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b2-l358","source":"ἁπτέσθω ἧς νηὸς ἐϋσσέλμοιο μελαίνης,","translation":"let him lay hold of his own well-benched black ship,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁπτέσθω","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him lay hold"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἁπτέσθω","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμοιο","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"μελαίνης","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"black","note":"μελαίνης echoes the standing \"black ships\" epithet from the Catalogue, though here unaccompanied by the fixed ship-count formula."}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b2-l359","source":"ὄφρα πρόσθʼ ἄλλων θάνατον καὶ πότμον ἐπίσπῃ.","translation":"so that before the others he may meet death and his fate.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to πρόσθ̓","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his fate"},{"surface":"ἐπίσπῃ","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"he may meet"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b2-l360","source":"ἀλλὰ ἄναξ αὐτός τʼ εὖ μήδεο πείθεό τʼ ἄλλῳ·","translation":"But, my king, take good counsel yourself, and hear another's also;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"my king"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"Coordinating τε...τε pair joining the two imperatives μήδεο and πείθεό, \"take counsel...and heed.\""},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μήδεο","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"μήδεο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take counsel"},{"surface":"πείθεό","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of πείθεό","gloss":"another's"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b2-l361","source":"οὔ τοι ἀπόβλητον ἔπος ἔσσεται ὅττί κεν εἴπω·","translation":"the word I am about to speak will not be one to cast aside:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀπόβλητον","lemma":"ἀπόβλητος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to cast aside","note":"ἀπόβλητον, literally \"throw-away-able,\" is Nestor’s way of insisting his coming advice carries real weight."},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔπος","gloss":"I speak"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b2-l362","source":"κρῖνʼ ἄνδρας κατὰ φῦλα κατὰ φρήτρας Ἀγάμεμνον,","translation":"marshal your men by tribes, by clans, Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρῖν","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marshal"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κρῖν̓","gloss":"your men"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"φῦλα","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"tribes","note":"φῦλα and φρήτρας name the tribal and clan units the army will be sorted into for battle — an organizing scheme Nestor proposes here for the first time in the poem."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"φρήτρας","lemma":"φράτρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"clans"},{"surface":"Ἀγάμεμνον","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b2-l363","source":"ὡς φρήτρη φρήτρηφιν ἀρήγῃ, φῦλα δὲ φύλοις.","translation":"so that clan may bring aid to clan, and tribe to tribe.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"φρήτρη","lemma":"φράτρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀρήγῃ","gloss":"clan"},{"surface":"φρήτρηφιν","lemma":"φράτρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀρήγῃ","gloss":"to clan"},{"surface":"ἀρήγῃ","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"may bring aid"},{"surface":"φῦλα","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"tribe"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φύλοις","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"to tribe"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b2-l364","source":"εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἕρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"If you do this, and the Achaeans obey you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕρξῃς","gloss":"this","note":"ὣς ἕρξῃς, \"if you act thus,\" refers back to the whole preceding plan of marshaling by tribe and clan."},{"surface":"ἕρξῃς","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"you do"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πείθωνται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πείθωνται","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πείθωνται","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b2-l365","source":"γνώσῃ ἔπειθʼ ὅς θʼ ἡγεμόνων κακὸς ὅς τέ νυ λαῶν","translation":"then you will know which of the leaders is a coward, and which of the people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνώσῃ","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will know"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνώσῃ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Generalizing epic τε on the relative pronoun ὅς, not a coordinating \"and\"; the explicit \"and\" of the translation is carried by ἠδ' in l366."},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνων","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"of the leaders"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a coward"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Generalizing epic τε, matching w4 above."},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b2-l366","source":"ἠδʼ ὅς κʼ ἐσθλὸς ἔῃσι· κατὰ σφέας γὰρ μαχέονται.","translation":"and which is brave; for they will fight each among his own kind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔῃσι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"ἔῃσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"σφέας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his own kind"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μαχέονται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fight"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b2-l367","source":"γνώσεαι δʼ εἰ καὶ θεσπεσίῃ πόλιν οὐκ ἀλαπάξεις,","translation":"And you will know too whether it is by the will of heaven that you fail to sack the city,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνώσεαι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will know"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίῃ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦ","gloss":"by the will of heaven"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλαπάξεις","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλαπάξεις","lemma":"ἀλαπάζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of εἰ","gloss":"sack"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b2-l368","source":"ἦ ἀνδρῶν κακότητι καὶ ἀφραδίῃ πολέμοιο.","translation":"or through the cowardice of your men and their lack of skill in war.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κακότητι","gloss":"of your men"},{"surface":"κακότητι","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"cowardice"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφραδίῃ","lemma":"ἀφραδία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"lack of skill"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀφραδίῃ","gloss":"in war"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b2-l369","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then the lord Agamemnon answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b2-l370","source":"ἦ μὰν αὖτʼ ἀγορῇ νικᾷς γέρον υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"\"Truly again, old man, you surpass the sons of the Achaeans in the assembly.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly","note":"Head word of the fixed idiom ἦ μάν (a variant of ἦ μέν), \"surely, truly.\""},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Second element of the fixed idiom ἦ μάν; see w1."},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νικᾷς","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νικᾷς","gloss":"in the assembly"},{"surface":"νικᾷς","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you surpass"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man","note":"γέρον, as in Book 1, is Agamemnon’s brusque address to an elder — here laced with sarcasm rather than open contempt."},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of νικᾷς","gloss":"the sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b2-l371","source":"αἲ γὰρ Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον","translation":"Would that, father Zeus, and Athena, and Apollo,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"Coordinating τε...καί...καί listing Zeus, Athena, and Apollo together."},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄπολλον","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b2-l372","source":"τοιοῦτοι δέκα μοι συμφράδμονες εἶεν Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"ten such counselors of the Achaeans were mine —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l372.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἶεν","title":"Optative of wish: \"ten like Nestor\"","body":"εἶεν is the present optative of εἰμί, \"were they mine,\" the standard mood for an unrealizable wish. The line became famous in its own right: Agamemnon names ten counselors like Nestor as the measure of what would guarantee Troy's fall, the poem's own tribute to Nestor's stature among the Achaeans."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοιοῦτοι","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies συμφράδμονες","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies συμφράδμονες","gloss":"ten","note":"A round, formulaic number — Agamemnon does not mean literally ten, but \"a small circle of men like you.\""},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἶεν","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"συμφράδμονες","lemma":"συμφράδμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶεν","gloss":"counselors"},{"surface":"εἶεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies συμφράδμονες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b2-l373","source":"τώ κε τάχʼ ἠμύσειε πόλις Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος","translation":"then the city of lord Priam would soon bow down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμύσειε","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ἠμύσειε","lemma":"ἠμύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would bow down"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠμύσειε","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"lord","note":"ἄνακτος modifying Πριάμοιο echoes the same title (ἄναξ) used of Agamemnon himself, framing the two kings as equals in rank if not in fortune."}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b2-l374","source":"χερσὶν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσιν ἁλοῦσά τε περθομένη τε.","translation":"taken and sacked beneath our hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑφ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρῃσιν","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἁλοῦσά","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"Coordinating τε...τε pair joining ἁλοῦσα and περθομένη, \"taken and sacked.\""},{"surface":"περθομένη","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"sacked"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b2-l375","source":"ἀλλά μοι αἰγίοχος Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκεν,","translation":"But Zeus, son of Cronos, who bears the aegis, has given me pains,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αἰγίοχος","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has given"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b2-l376","source":"ὅς με μετʼ ἀπρήκτους ἔριδας καὶ νείκεα βάλλει.","translation":"who casts me into fruitless quarrels and strife.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλλει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλλει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἀπρήκτους","lemma":"ἄπρακτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔριδας","gloss":"fruitless"},{"surface":"ἔριδας","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"quarrels"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νείκεα","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"βάλλει","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζεὺς","gloss":"casts"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b2-l377","source":"καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν Ἀχιλεύς τε μαχεσσάμεθʼ εἵνεκα κούρης","translation":"For I myself and Achilles fought over a girl","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Part of the καὶ γὰρ idiom (\"for indeed\"); its emphasis is folded into γὰρ's \"for.\""},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"Coordinating τε joining the subjects ἐγών and Ἀχιλεύς, \"I myself and Achilles.\""},{"surface":"μαχεσσάμεθ","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"κούρης","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"a girl","note":"κούρης refers to Briseis without naming her, the same quarrel recounted at length in Book 1."}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b2-l378","source":"ἀντιβίοις ἐπέεσσιν, ἐγὼ δʼ ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων·","translation":"with hostile words, and it was I who began the anger;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιβίοις","lemma":"ἀντίβιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μαχεσσάμεθ̓","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦρχον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦρχον","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"χαλεπαίνων","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of ἦρχον","gloss":"growing angry"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b2-l379","source":"εἰ δέ ποτʼ ἔς γε μίαν βουλεύσομεν, οὐκέτʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"but if ever we take counsel together as one, then no longer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to βουλεύσομεν","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μίαν","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"βουλεύσομεν","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"we take counsel"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b2-l380","source":"Τρωσὶν ἀνάβλησις κακοῦ ἔσσεται οὐδʼ ἠβαιόν.","translation":"will there be, for the Trojans, any postponement of ruin, not even a little.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"for the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀνάβλησις","lemma":"ἀνάβλησις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"postponement"},{"surface":"κακοῦ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀνάβλησις","gloss":"of ruin"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will there be"},{"surface":"ἠβαιόν","lemma":"ἠβαιός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"a little"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b2-l381","source":"νῦν δʼ ἔρχεσθʼ ἐπὶ δεῖπνον ἵνα ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα.","translation":"But now go to your meal, so that we may join in battle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l381.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα","title":"\"Bring Ares together\"","body":"Literally \"that we may bring Ares together,\" a Homeric idiom in which the war-god's name stands for battle itself — much as English might say \"join the fray.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεσθ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔρχεσθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"your meal"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ξυνάγωμεν","lemma":"συνάγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"we may join"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ξυνάγωμεν","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b2-l382","source":"εὖ μέν τις δόρυ θηξάσθω, εὖ δʼ ἀσπίδα θέσθω,","translation":"Let each man well whet his spear, and well set his shield in order,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θηξάσθω","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θηξάσθω","gloss":"each man"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of θηξάσθω","gloss":"his spear"},{"surface":"θηξάσθω","lemma":"θήγω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let ... whet"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέσθω","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέσθω","gloss":"his shield"},{"surface":"θέσθω","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set in order","note":"θέσθω (from τίθημι) picks up the everyday sense \"put in place,\" here of settling a shield properly on the arm before battle."}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b2-l383","source":"εὖ δέ τις ἵπποισιν δεῖπνον δότω ὠκυπόδεσσιν,","translation":"and let each man well give fodder to his swift-footed horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δότω","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δότω","gloss":"each man"},{"surface":"ἵπποισιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δότω","gloss":"to his horses"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δότω","gloss":"fodder"},{"surface":"δότω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let ... give"},{"surface":"ὠκυπόδεσσιν","lemma":"ὠκύπους","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποισιν","gloss":"swift-footed"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b2-l384","source":"εὖ δέ τις ἅρματος ἀμφὶς ἰδὼν πολέμοιο μεδέσθω,","translation":"and let each man look well to his chariot on every side, and turn his mind toward war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μεδέσθω","gloss":"each man"},{"surface":"ἅρματος","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶς","gloss":"his chariot"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μεδέσθω","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεδέσθω","gloss":"toward war"},{"surface":"μεδέσθω","lemma":"μέδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn his mind"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b2-l385","source":"ὥς κε πανημέριοι στυγερῷ κρινώμεθʼ Ἄρηϊ.","translation":"so that all day long we may be tried in hateful war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πανημέριοι","lemma":"πανημέριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all day long"},{"surface":"στυγερῷ","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"κρινώμεθ","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"we may be tried"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κρινώμεθ̓","gloss":"war","note":"Ἄρηϊ, \"Ares,\" used metonymically for battle itself, as often in Homer when the war-god’s name stands for war."}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b2-l386","source":"οὐ γὰρ παυσωλή γε μετέσσεται οὐδʼ ἠβαιὸν","translation":"For there will be no respite, not even a little,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"παυσωλή","lemma":"παυσωλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μετέσσεται","gloss":"respite"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μετέσσεται","lemma":"μέτειμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will there be"},{"surface":"ἠβαιὸν","lemma":"ἠβαιός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μετέσσεται","gloss":"a little"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b2-l387","source":"εἰ μὴ νὺξ ἐλθοῦσα διακρινέει μένος ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"until night comes and parts the fury of men.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until","note":"Head word for the εἰ μή idiom, \"unless / until.\""},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Second element of the εἰ μή idiom; see w1."},{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of διακρινέει","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἐλθοῦσα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to διακρινέει","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"διακρινέει","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"parts"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διακρινέει","gloss":"the fury"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b2-l388","source":"ἱδρώσει μέν τευ τελαμὼν ἀμφὶ στήθεσφιν","translation":"The strap about the chest of many a man will grow wet with sweat,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱδρώσει","lemma":"ἱδρόω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will grow wet with sweat"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"Balances a three-part μέν...δέ...δέ construction completed two lines later at l390's ἱδρώσει δέ (the strap, the spear-hand, the horse all sweating)."},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies στήθεσφιν","gloss":"of many a man"},{"surface":"τελαμὼν","lemma":"τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱδρώσει","gloss":"the strap"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"στήθεσφιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the chest"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b2-l389","source":"ἀσπίδος ἀμφιβρότης, περὶ δʼ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται·","translation":"the strap of the man-covering shield, and his hand will grow weary about the spear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τελαμὼν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἀμφιβρότης","lemma":"ἀμφίβροτος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδος","gloss":"man-covering","note":"ἀμφίβροτος, \"covering a man all around,\" describes the great body-shield’s size rather than any decoration."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies περὶ","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καμεῖται","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"καμεῖται","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will grow weary"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b2-l390","source":"ἱδρώσει δέ τευ ἵππος ἐΰξοον ἅρμα τιταίνων.","translation":"and many a man's horse will sweat as it strains the well-polished chariot.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱδρώσει","lemma":"ἱδρόω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will sweat"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"Completes the μέν...δέ...δέ set begun at l388's ἱδρώσει μέν."},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵππος","gloss":"many a man's"},{"surface":"ἵππος","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱδρώσει","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"ἐΰξοον","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμα","gloss":"well-polished"},{"surface":"ἅρμα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τιταίνων","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"τιταίνων","lemma":"τιταίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱδρώσει","gloss":"strains"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b2-l391","source":"ὃν δέ κʼ ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε μάχης ἐθέλοντα νοήσω","translation":"But whomever I see willing to hold back from the battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νοήσω","gloss":"whomever"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νοήσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"νοήσω","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἱ","gloss":"I see"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b2-l392","source":"μιμνάζειν παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν, οὔ οἱ ἔπειτα","translation":"lingering beside the curved ships, for him there will be","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μιμνάζειν","lemma":"μιμνάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοντα","gloss":"lingering"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κορωνίσιν","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"curved","note":"κορωνίσιν, \"curved, beaked,\" describes the upward-curling stern and prow characteristic of the ships throughout the poem."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"This negation carries forward to ἄρκιον in l393, \"no help then in escaping the dogs and birds.\""},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐσσεῖται","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσσεῖται","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b2-l393","source":"ἄρκιον ἐσσεῖται φυγέειν κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνούς.","translation":"no help then in escaping the dogs and the birds.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρκιον","lemma":"ἄρκιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"ἐσσεῖται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there will be"},{"surface":"φυγέειν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐσσεῖται","gloss":"escaping"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"the dogs"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰωνούς","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"the birds"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b2-l394","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργεῖοι δὲ μέγʼ ἴαχον ὡς ὅτε κῦμα","translation":"So he spoke, and the Argives shouted greatly, as when a wave","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἴαχον","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴαχον","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἴαχον","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a wave","note":"Opens an extended epic simile comparing the Argives’ shout to a storm-driven sea, running through l397."}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b2-l395","source":"ἀκτῇ ἐφʼ ὑψηλῇ, ὅτε κινήσῃ Νότος ἐλθών,","translation":"on a high shore, when the South Wind comes and stirs it up,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκτῇ","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ὑψηλῇ","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀκτῇ","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"preposition","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κινήσῃ","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"stirs it up"},{"surface":"Νότος","lemma":"Νότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κινήσῃ","gloss":"the South Wind"},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κινήσῃ","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b2-l396","source":"προβλῆτι σκοπέλῳ· τὸν δʼ οὔ ποτε κύματα λείπει","translation":"breaks upon a jutting crag; and the waves never leave it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"προβλῆτι","lemma":"προβλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σκοπέλῳ","gloss":"jutting"},{"surface":"σκοπέλῳ","lemma":"σκόπελος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"crag"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λείπει","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to λείπει","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"κύματα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λείπει","gloss":"the waves"},{"surface":"λείπει","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b2-l397","source":"παντοίων ἀνέμων, ὅτʼ ἂν ἔνθʼ ἢ ἔνθα γένωνται.","translation":"driven on by every wind, wherever they may rise, this way or that.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίων","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"γένωνται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"they may rise"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b2-l398","source":"ἀνστάντες δʼ ὀρέοντο κεδασθέντες κατὰ νῆας,","translation":"They rose up and scattered, hurrying toward the ships,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνστάντες","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀρέοντο","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρέοντο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurrying"},{"surface":"κεδασθέντες","lemma":"κεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀρέοντο","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the ships"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b2-l399","source":"κάπνισσάν τε κατὰ κλισίας, καὶ δεῖπνον ἕλοντο.","translation":"and lit fires among the huts, and took their meal.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάπνισσάν","lemma":"καπνίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lit fires"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the huts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"their meal"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b2-l400","source":"ἄλλος δʼ ἄλλῳ ἔρεζε θεῶν αἰειγενετάων","translation":"And one man made offering to one god, another to another, of the gods who live forever,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔρεζε","gloss":"one man","note":"Part of the ἄλλος...ἄλλῳ idiom, \"one man...another,\" glossed across w1 and w3."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔρεζε","gloss":"to another"},{"surface":"ἔρεζε","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made offering"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλλῳ","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"αἰειγενετάων","lemma":"αἰειγενέτης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"who live forever","note":"αἰειγενέτης, \"ever-born/ever-living,\" a standing description of the gods’ immortality distinct from ἀθάνατος \"undying.\""}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b2-l401","source":"εὐχόμενος θάνατόν τε φυγεῖν καὶ μῶλον Ἄρηος.","translation":"praying to escape death and the toil of Ares.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρεζε","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"θάνατόν","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φυγεῖν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of εὐχόμενος","gloss":"to escape"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῶλον","lemma":"μῶλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the toil"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῶλον","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b2-l402","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ βοῦν ἱέρευσε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"But Agamemnon, lord of men, slew an ox,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"he","note":"Old Homeric demonstrative use of ὁ, in apposition to the name Ἀγαμέμνων that follows."},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱέρευσε","gloss":"an ox"},{"surface":"ἱέρευσε","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew","note":"ἱερεύω specifically means to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice, not simply to kill."},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱέρευσε","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b2-l403","source":"πίονα πενταέτηρον ὑπερμενέϊ Κρονίωνι,","translation":"a fat five-year-old, to the exceedingly mighty son of Cronos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦν","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"πενταέτηρον","lemma":"πενταέτηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦν","gloss":"five-year-old"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέϊ","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνι","gloss":"exceedingly mighty"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱέρευσε","gloss":"son of Cronos"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b2-l404","source":"κίκλησκεν δὲ γέροντας ἀριστῆας Παναχαιῶν,","translation":"and summoned the elders, the chief men of all the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κίκλησκεν","lemma":"κικλήσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"summoned"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντας","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the elders"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆας","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γέροντας","gloss":"the chief men"},{"surface":"Παναχαιῶν","lemma":"Παναχαιοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστῆας","gloss":"of all the Achaeans"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b2-l405","source":"Νέστορα μὲν πρώτιστα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα ἄνακτα,","translation":"first of all Nestor, and lord Idomeneus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορα","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"Balanced by αὐτὰρ ἔπειτ' at l406, \"and after them,\" as the roll call of summoned chiefs continues."},{"surface":"πρώτιστα","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first of all"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰδομενῆα","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b2-l406","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Αἴαντε δύω καὶ Τυδέος υἱόν,","translation":"and after them the two Ajaxes, and the son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"Completes the μέν...αὐτάρ pairing begun at l405."},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"after them"},{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"the two Ajaxes"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Αἴαντε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"the son"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b2-l407","source":"ἕκτον δʼ αὖτʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον.","translation":"and sixth, Odysseus, equal to Zeus in counsel.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕκτον","lemma":"ἕκτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sixth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντον","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀτάλαντον","gloss":"in counsel"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντον","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b2-l408","source":"αὐτόματος δέ οἱ ἦλθε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος·","translation":"And Menelaus, good at the war-cry, came to him unbidden,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόματος","lemma":"αὐτόματος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unbidden"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b2-l409","source":"ᾔδεε γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀδελφεὸν ὡς ἐπονεῖτο.","translation":"for in his heart he knew how his brother was toiling.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾔδεε","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he knew"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart","note":"κατὰ θυμόν, \"in his heart/spirit,\" a common Homeric idiom for private, unspoken awareness."},{"surface":"ἀδελφεὸν","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ᾔδεε","gloss":"his brother"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἐπονεῖτο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"was toiling"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b2-l410","source":"βοῦν δὲ περιστήσαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας ἀνέλοντο·","translation":"They stood around the ox, and took up the barley-grains;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιστήσαντο","gloss":"the ox"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"περιστήσαντο","lemma":"περιίστημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood around"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐλοχύτας","lemma":"οὐλοχύται","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέλοντο","gloss":"the barley-grains","note":"οὐλοχύται, barley groats scattered on a sacrificial victim, mark the formal opening of the ritual killing."},{"surface":"ἀνέλοντο","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b2-l411","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ εὐχόμενος μετέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"and praying among them, the lord Agamemnon spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετέφη","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέφη","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b2-l412","source":"Ζεῦ κύδιστε μέγιστε κελαινεφὲς αἰθέρι ναίων","translation":"\"Zeus, most glorious, most great, lord of the dark clouds, dwelling in the heavens,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l412.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κελαινεφὲς αἰθέρι ναίων","title":"Lord of the dark clouds","body":"κελαινεφής, \"dark-clouded,\" is a standing epithet for Zeus distinct from νεφεληγερέτα \"cloud-gatherer\" — both mark his rule over the sky and storm, but each is held to its own separate English wording rather than collapsed into one."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"κύδιστε","lemma":"κύδιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"most glorious"},{"surface":"μέγιστε","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"most great"},{"surface":"κελαινεφὲς","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"lord of the dark clouds","note":"κελαινεφής pictures Zeus wreathed in dark storm-cloud, the same brooding sky-god who withholds Agamemnon's full prayer later in this speech (l419)."},{"surface":"αἰθέρι","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ναίων","gloss":"in the heavens"},{"surface":"ναίων","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b2-l413","source":"μὴ πρὶν ἐπʼ ἠέλιον δῦναι καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἐλθεῖν","translation":"let not the sun go down, and darkness come,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This πρίν points forward to the πρίν clause of l414 (\"before I have cast down...\"); glossed there, not doubled here."},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῦναι","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"δῦναι","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"go down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κνέφας","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐλθεῖν","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b2-l414","source":"πρίν με κατὰ πρηνὲς βαλέειν Πριάμοιο μέλαθρον","translation":"before I have cast down headlong the smoke-blackened hall of Priam,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βαλέειν","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"Tmesis: κατά is the separated preverb of a compound with βαλέειν (καταβάλλω, \"cast down\"), matching the translation's \"cast down headlong.\""},{"surface":"πρηνὲς","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βαλέειν","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μέλαθρον","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"μέλαθρον","lemma":"μέλαθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βαλέειν","gloss":"hall"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b2-l415","source":"αἰθαλόεν, πρῆσαι δὲ πυρὸς δηΐοιο θύρετρα,","translation":"and burned its doorway with consuming fire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰθαλόεν","lemma":"αἰθαλόεις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέλαθρον","gloss":"smoke-blackened"},{"surface":"πρῆσαι","lemma":"πίμπρημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πρῆσαι","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"δηΐοιο","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὸς","gloss":"consuming","note":"δηΐοιο, \"hostile, destructive,\" the same root used of enemies in battle, applied here to fire as an enemy force."},{"surface":"θύρετρα","lemma":"θύρετρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρῆσαι","gloss":"doorway"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b2-l416","source":"Ἑκτόρεον δὲ χιτῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι δαΐξαι","translation":"and torn Hector's tunic about his chest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑκτόρεον","lemma":"Ἑκτόρεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνα","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δαΐξαι","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"δαΐξαι","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"torn"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b2-l417","source":"χαλκῷ ῥωγαλέον· πολέες δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι","translation":"rent by the bronze; and around him many companions,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ῥωγαλέον","gloss":"by the bronze","note":"χαλκός, \"bronze,\" stands by metonymy for the weapon’s blade, as commonly in Homeric battle diction."},{"surface":"ῥωγαλέον","lemma":"ῥωγαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνα","gloss":"rent"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of λαζοίατο","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b2-l418","source":"πρηνέες ἐν κονίῃσιν ὀδὰξ λαζοίατο γαῖαν.","translation":"lying face down in the dust, bite the earth with their teeth.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρηνέες","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lying face down"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσιν","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"ὀδὰξ","lemma":"ὀδάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαζοίατο","gloss":"with their teeth","note":"ὀδὰξ λαζοίατο γαῖαν, \"bite the earth with their teeth,\" is a grim formulaic death-image reused elsewhere in the Iliad."},{"surface":"λαζοίατο","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bite"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λαζοίατο","gloss":"the earth"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b2-l419","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ οἱ ἐπεκραίαινε Κρονίων,","translation":"So he spoke; but the son of Cronos did not yet grant him this,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐπεκραίαινε","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπεκραίαινε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐπεκραίαινε","lemma":"ἐπικραίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεκραίαινε","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b2-l420","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά, πόνον δʼ ἀμέγαρτον ὄφελλεν.","translation":"but accepted the sacrifice, and increased their unenviable toil.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέκτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δέκτο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"accepted"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἱρά","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δέκτο","gloss":"the sacrifice"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄφελλεν","gloss":"toil","note":"πόνον ἀμέγαρτον, \"toil not to be envied,\" is bitterly ironic: Zeus accepts the offering but withholds the victory it was meant to secure."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμέγαρτον","lemma":"ἀμέγαρτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνον","gloss":"unenviable"},{"surface":"ὄφελλεν","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"increased"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b2-l421","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ εὔξαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο,","translation":"And when they had prayed, and cast forward the barley grains,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εὔξαντο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"had prayed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐλοχύτας","lemma":"οὐλοχύται","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of προβάλοντο","gloss":"the barley grains"},{"surface":"προβάλοντο","lemma":"προβάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"cast forward"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b2-l422","source":"αὐέρυσαν μὲν πρῶτα καὶ ἔσφαξαν καὶ ἔδειραν,","translation":"first they drew back the victim's head, and cut its throat, and flayed it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐέρυσαν","lemma":"αὐερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back the victim's head","note":"αὐερύω describes pulling the animal's head up and back to expose the throat, the standard first step of Homeric sacrifice."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"μὲν πρῶτα functions as the adverbial idiom \"first,\" not a coordinating μέν with a later δέ correlate."},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to αὐέρυσαν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσφαξαν","lemma":"σφάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut its throat"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδειραν","lemma":"δέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flayed it"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b2-l423","source":"μηρούς τʼ ἐξέταμον κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν","translation":"and cut out the thigh-pieces and covered them with fat,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μηρούς","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέταμον","gloss":"the thigh-pieces"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξέταμον","lemma":"ἐκτέμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut out"},{"surface":"κατά","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over","note":"Tmesis: κατά is the separated preverb of a compound with ἐκάλυψαν (κατακαλύπτω, \"cover over\"), matching \"covered them with fat.\""},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κνίσῃ","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκάλυψαν","gloss":"with fat"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψαν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b2-l424","source":"δίπτυχα ποιήσαντες, ἐπʼ αὐτῶν δʼ ὠμοθέτησαν.","translation":"making a double fold, and laid raw flesh upon them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίπτυχα","lemma":"δίπτυχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ποιήσαντες","gloss":"a double fold"},{"surface":"ποιήσαντες","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκάλυψαν","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠμοθέτησαν","lemma":"ὠμοθετέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid raw flesh"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b2-l425","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν ἂρ σχίζῃσιν ἀφύλλοισιν κατέκαιον,","translation":"These they burned on billets of wood stripped of their leaves,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of κατέκαιον","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"Balanced by σπλάγχνα δ' ἄρ' in the next line: the burned portions on one hand, the spitted entrails on the other."},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σχίζῃσιν","lemma":"σχίζα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέκαιον","gloss":"billets of wood"},{"surface":"ἀφύλλοισιν","lemma":"ἄφυλλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σχίζῃσιν","gloss":"stripped of their leaves"},{"surface":"κατέκαιον","lemma":"κατακαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b2-l426","source":"σπλάγχνα δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμπείραντες ὑπείρεχον Ἡφαίστοιο.","translation":"and spitting the entrails, held them over the flame of Hephaestus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l426.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἡφαίστοιο","title":"Hephaestus for fire itself","body":"Homer uses the god's own name as a stand-in for his element, fire, much as English might say \"put to the torch\" — a common Homeric metonymy rather than a claim that the god is present in person."}],"words":[{"surface":"σπλάγχνα","lemma":"σπλάγχνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμπείραντες","gloss":"the entrails"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμπείραντες","lemma":"ἀναπείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπείρεχον","gloss":"spitting"},{"surface":"ὑπείρεχον","lemma":"ὑπερέχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held them over"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Hephaestus","note":"Ἡφαίστοιο, \"of Hephaestus,\" stands by metonymy for fire itself, the fire-god’s domain."}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b2-l427","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μῆρε κάη καὶ σπλάγχνα πάσαντο,","translation":"But when the thigh-pieces were burned, and they had tasted the inner parts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"completely","note":"Tmesis: κατά is the separated preverb of a compound with κάη (κατακαίω, \"burn up/completely\")."},{"surface":"μῆρε","lemma":"μῆρα","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of κάη","gloss":"the thigh-pieces"},{"surface":"κάη","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"were burned"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπλάγχνα","lemma":"σπλάγχνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσαντο","gloss":"the inner parts"},{"surface":"πάσαντο","lemma":"πατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"had tasted"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b2-l428","source":"μίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν,","translation":"they cut up the rest and pierced it on spits,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίστυλλόν","lemma":"μιστύλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut up"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τἆλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μίστυλλόν","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ὀβελοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀβελός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"spits"},{"surface":"ἔπειραν","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b2-l429","source":"ὤπτησάν τε περιφραδέως, ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα.","translation":"and roasted it with care, and drew all of it off.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤπτησάν","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roasted"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περιφραδέως","lemma":"περιφραδής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤπτησάν","gloss":"with care"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντό","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew off"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"Coordinating τε...τε pair joining ὤπτησαν and ἐρύσαντο."},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρύσαντό","gloss":"all of it"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b2-l430","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου τετύκοντό τε δαῖτα","translation":"And when they had ceased from their labor and made ready the feast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"παύσαντο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"had ceased"},{"surface":"πόνου","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσαντο","gloss":"from their labor"},{"surface":"τετύκοντό","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τετύκοντό","gloss":"the feast"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b2-l431","source":"δαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης.","translation":"they feasted, and no heart lacked its share of the fair-shared feast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυντ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feasted"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐδεύετο","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐδεύετο","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"of the feast"},{"surface":"ἐΐσης","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὸς","gloss":"fair-shared"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b2-l432","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put from them the desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l432.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο","title":"A formula repeated verbatim","body":"This exact line closed the feast after Chryses' sacrifice in Book 1 (line 469) and recurs here word for word after Agamemnon's own sacrifice. It is a standing Homeric formula for the end of a meal; we hold it to the same wording every time it recurs."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"for drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away","note":"Tmesis: ἐκ is the separated preverb of a compound with ἕντο (ἐξίημι, \"put/send away\"), matching \"put from them.\""},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"the desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had put from them"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b2-l433","source":"τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, began to speak among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"the Gerenian","note":"Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ is Nestor’s fixed standing epithet-and-name unit, held to this exact wording wherever it recurs."},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b2-l434","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον,","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, most glorious, Agamemnon, lord of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγάμεμνον","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"κύδιστε","lemma":"κύδιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγάμεμνον","gloss":"most glorious"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγάμεμνον","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγάμεμνον","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b2-l435","source":"μηκέτι νῦν δήθʼ αὖθι λεγώμεθα, μηδʼ ἔτι δηρὸν","translation":"let us no longer linger here in talk, nor delay any further","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l435.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λεγώμεθα... ἀμβαλλώμεθα","title":"Hortatory subjunctive","body":"Both verbs are first-person plural subjunctives used hortatively — \"let us not\" — Nestor is not describing what the army is doing but urging what it should stop doing at once."}],"words":[{"surface":"μηκέτι","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λεγώμεθα","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λεγώμεθα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δήθ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λεγώμεθα","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λεγώμεθα","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"λεγώμεθα","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"linger in talk"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμβαλλώμεθα","gloss":"any further"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμβαλλώμεθα","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b2-l436","source":"ἀμβαλλώμεθα ἔργον ὃ δὴ θεὸς ἐγγυαλίζει.","translation":"the work which a god now puts into our hands.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβαλλώμεθα","lemma":"ἀναβάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμβαλλώμεθα","gloss":"the work"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐγγυαλίζει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐγγυαλίζει","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἐγγυαλίζει","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔργον","gloss":"puts into our hands","note":"ἐγγυαλίζει, literally \"places in the hand,\" frames war itself as a task a god formally hands over to mortals."}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b2-l437","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε κήρυκες μὲν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων","translation":"But come, let the heralds of the bronze-clad Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγειρόντων","gloss":"the heralds"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"Balanced by ἡμεῖς δ' two lines later at l439, \"and let us ourselves\": heralds gather the host while the chiefs move together."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κήρυκες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b2-l438","source":"λαὸν κηρύσσοντες ἀγειρόντων κατὰ νῆας,","translation":"gather the host by proclamation among the ships,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κηρύσσοντες","gloss":"the host"},{"surface":"κηρύσσοντες","lemma":"κηρύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγειρόντων","gloss":"by proclamation"},{"surface":"ἀγειρόντων","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the ships"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b2-l439","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ ἀθρόοι ὧδε κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"and let us ourselves, in a body, throughout the wide camp of the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴομεν","gloss":"we ourselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"Completes the μέν...δέ pairing begun at l437."},{"surface":"ἀθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in a body"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴομεν","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b2-l440","source":"ἴομεν ὄφρα κε θᾶσσον ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα.","translation":"go, that we may the sooner rouse sharp Ares.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θᾶσσον","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"the sooner"},{"surface":"ἐγείρομεν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b2-l441","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων.","translation":"So he spoke, and Agamemnon, lord of men, did not disobey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησεν","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did ... disobey"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b2-l442","source":"αὐτίκα κηρύκεσσι λιγυφθόγγοισι κέλευσε","translation":"At once he commanded the clear-voiced heralds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέλευσε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"κηρύκεσσι","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέλευσε","gloss":"the heralds"},{"surface":"λιγυφθόγγοισι","lemma":"λιγύφθογγος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κηρύκεσσι","gloss":"clear-voiced","note":"λιγύφθογγος, \"clear/piercing-voiced,\" fits the herald’s job of being heard across a large, noisy camp."},{"surface":"κέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commanded"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b2-l443","source":"κηρύσσειν πόλεμον δὲ κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"to summon to war the long-haired Achaeans;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κηρύσσειν","lemma":"κηρύσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλευσε","gloss":"to summon"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κηρύσσειν","gloss":"to war"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"Fossilized directional -δε on πόλεμον (πολέμονδε, \"to war\"), not the coordinating particle δέ; its sense is already carried by \"to war\" above."},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντας","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"κάρη κομόωντας is the two-word standing epithet \"long-haired\" (literally \"long-haired as to the head\"); glossed as a unit on κομόωντας below."},{"surface":"κομόωντας","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κηρύσσειν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b2-l444","source":"οἳ μὲν ἐκήρυσσον, τοὶ δʼ ἠγείροντο μάλʼ ὦκα.","translation":"these made proclamation, and the others gathered very quickly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκήρυσσον","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐκήρυσσον","lemma":"κηρύσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made proclamation"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠγείροντο","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠγείροντο","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠγείροντο","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b2-l445","source":"οἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀτρεΐωνα διοτρεφέες βασιλῆες","translation":"And the Zeus-nurtured kings about the son of Atreus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐωνα","lemma":"Ἀτρείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀμφ̓","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέες","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θῦνον","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b2-l446","source":"θῦνον κρίνοντες, μετὰ δὲ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","translation":"hastened, marshaling the men; and among them bright-eyed Athena","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῦνον","lemma":"θύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hastened"},{"surface":"κρίνοντες","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θῦνον","gloss":"marshaling the men"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b2-l447","source":"αἰγίδʼ ἔχουσʼ ἐρίτιμον ἀγήρων ἀθανάτην τε,","translation":"went, holding the aegis, precious, unaging, and immortal,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰγίδ","lemma":"αἰγίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσ̓","gloss":"the aegis","note":"Athena’s aegis is a divine shield/cloak that inspires terror in battle, distinct from any mortal-made armor described elsewhere in the poem."},{"surface":"ἔχουσ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐρίτιμον","lemma":"ἐρίτιμος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδ̓","gloss":"precious"},{"surface":"ἀγήρων","lemma":"ἀγήραος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"unaging"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτην","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b2-l448","source":"τῆς ἑκατὸν θύσανοι παγχρύσεοι ἠερέθονται,","translation":"from which a hundred tassels, all of gold, floated,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θύσανοι","gloss":"from which"},{"surface":"ἑκατὸν","lemma":"ἑκατόν","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies θύσανοι","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"θύσανοι","lemma":"θύσανος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠερέθονται","gloss":"tassels"},{"surface":"παγχρύσεοι","lemma":"παγχρύσεος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θύσανοι","gloss":"all of gold"},{"surface":"ἠερέθονται","lemma":"ἠερέθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αἰγίδ̓","gloss":"floated"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b2-l449","source":"πάντες ἐϋπλεκέες, ἑκατόμβοιος δὲ ἕκαστος·","translation":"all finely woven, each worth a hundred oxen;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐϋπλεκέες","lemma":"ἐυπλεκής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"finely woven"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβοιος","lemma":"ἑκατόμβοιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worth a hundred oxen"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b2-l450","source":"σὺν τῇ παιφάσσουσα διέσσυτο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"with this she darted, flashing, through the host of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"this","note":"τῇ points back to the aegis, Athena's storm-shield, which she carries as she darts through the ranks."},{"surface":"παιφάσσουσα","lemma":"παιφάσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to διέσσυτο","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"διέσσυτο","lemma":"διασεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"darted"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διέσσυτο","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b2-l451","source":"ὀτρύνουσʼ ἰέναι· ἐν δὲ σθένος ὦρσεν ἑκάστῳ","translation":"urging them onward; and she roused strength in each man's","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνουσ","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to διέσσυτο","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνουσ̓","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in","note":"ἐν...ὦρσεν is tmesis: the preverb ἐν is split from its compound verb ἐνόρνυμι, \"rouse strength in.\""},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ὦρσεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὦρσεν","gloss":"each man's"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b2-l452","source":"καρδίῃ ἄλληκτον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"heart, to war and to fight without ceasing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρδίῃ","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἄλληκτον","lemma":"ἄλληκτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πολεμίζειν","gloss":"without ceasing"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"to war"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b2-l453","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἄφαρ πόλεμος γλυκίων γένετʼ ἠὲ νέεσθαι","translation":"At once war became sweeter to them than to return","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"πόλεμος","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"γλυκίων","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sweeter"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b2-l454","source":"ἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"in the hollow ships to their own dear native land.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσι","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b2-l455","source":"ἠΰτε πῦρ ἀΐδηλον ἐπιφλέγει ἄσπετον ὕλην","translation":"As when consuming fire sets ablaze a vast forest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐπιφλέγει","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπιφλέγει","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἀΐδηλον","lemma":"ἀίδηλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"consuming"},{"surface":"ἐπιφλέγει","lemma":"ἐπιφλέγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"sets ablaze"},{"surface":"ἄσπετον","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλην","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιφλέγει","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b2-l456","source":"οὔρεος ἐν κορυφῇς, ἕκαθεν δέ τε φαίνεται αὐγή,","translation":"upon a mountain's peaks, and its glow is seen from afar,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κορυφῇς","gloss":"mountain's"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κορυφῇς","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"peaks"},{"surface":"ἕκαθεν","lemma":"ἕκαθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαίνεται","gloss":"from afar"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"φαίνεται","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"is seen"},{"surface":"αὐγή","lemma":"αὐγή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φαίνεται","gloss":"glow"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b2-l457","source":"ὣς τῶν ἐρχομένων ἀπὸ χαλκοῦ θεσπεσίοιο","translation":"so, as they marched, from their marvelous bronze","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἷκε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρχομένων","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ἐρχομένων","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷκε","gloss":"as they marched"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χαλκοῦ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίοιο","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκοῦ","gloss":"marvelous"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b2-l458","source":"αἴγλη παμφανόωσα διʼ αἰθέρος οὐρανὸν ἷκε.","translation":"a bright, all-shining gleam went up through the air to the sky.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴγλη","lemma":"αἴγλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἷκε","gloss":"gleam"},{"surface":"παμφανόωσα","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies αἴγλη","gloss":"all-shining"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"αἰθέρος","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δἰ","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἷκε","gloss":"to the sky"},{"surface":"ἷκε","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went up"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b2-l459","source":"τῶν δʼ ὥς τʼ ὀρνίθων πετεηνῶν ἔθνεα πολλὰ","translation":"And as the many tribes of winged birds,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀρνίθων","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποτῶνται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὀρνίθων","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"πετεηνῶν","lemma":"πετεινός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρνίθων","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"ἔθνεα","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ποτῶνται","gloss":"tribes"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔθνεα","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b2-l460","source":"χηνῶν ἢ γεράνων ἢ κύκνων δουλιχοδείρων","translation":"geese, or cranes, or long-necked swans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χηνῶν","lemma":"χήν","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"geese"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"γεράνων","lemma":"γέρανος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"cranes"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κύκνων","lemma":"κύκνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"swans"},{"surface":"δουλιχοδείρων","lemma":"δολιχόδειρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύκνων","gloss":"long-necked"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b2-l461","source":"Ἀσίω ἐν λειμῶνι Καϋστρίου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα","translation":"in the Asian meadow, about the streams of the Cayster,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀσίω","lemma":"Ἄσιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λειμῶνι","gloss":"Asian","note":"\"Asian\" here names the local Lydian district of Asios, not the continent Asia."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λειμῶνι","lemma":"λειμών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"meadow"},{"surface":"Καϋστρίου","lemma":"Καύστριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"of the Cayster"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b2-l462","source":"ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ποτῶνται ἀγαλλόμενα πτερύγεσσι","translation":"fly this way and that, glorying in their wings,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ποτῶνται","lemma":"ποτάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"ἀγαλλόμενα","lemma":"ἀγάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to ποτῶνται","gloss":"glorying"},{"surface":"πτερύγεσσι","lemma":"πτέρυξ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγαλλόμενα","gloss":"in their wings"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b2-l463","source":"κλαγγηδὸν προκαθιζόντων, σμαραγεῖ δέ τε λειμών,","translation":"and settle down with clamor, and the meadow rings with it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαγγηδὸν","lemma":"κλαγγηδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προκαθιζόντων","gloss":"with clamor"},{"surface":"προκαθιζόντων","lemma":"προκαθίζω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ὀρνίθων","gloss":"settle down"},{"surface":"σμαραγεῖ","lemma":"σμαραγέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"rings"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"λειμών","lemma":"λειμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σμαραγεῖ","gloss":"meadow"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b2-l464","source":"ὣς τῶν ἔθνεα πολλὰ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων","translation":"so the many tribes of them, from the ships and the huts,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προχέοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔθνεα","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"ἔθνεα","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of προχέοντο","gloss":"tribes"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔθνεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισιάων","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"huts"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b2-l465","source":"ἐς πεδίον προχέοντο Σκαμάνδριον· αὐτὰρ ὑπὸ χθὼν","translation":"poured out onto the Scamandrian plain; and beneath them the earth","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"προχέοντο","lemma":"προχέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured out"},{"surface":"Σκαμάνδριον","lemma":"Σκαμάνδριος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"Scamandrian"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χθὼν","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κονάβιζε","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b2-l466","source":"σμερδαλέον κονάβιζε ποδῶν αὐτῶν τε καὶ ἵππων.","translation":"rang terribly under the feet of the men themselves and of the horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κονάβιζε","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"κονάβιζε","lemma":"κοναβίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...καί here pairs \"the men themselves\" with \"the horses\" as a balanced \"both...and.\""},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b2-l467","source":"ἔσταν δʼ ἐν λειμῶνι Σκαμανδρίῳ ἀνθεμόεντι","translation":"And they stood in the flowering Scamandrian meadow,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσταν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λειμῶνι","lemma":"λειμών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"meadow"},{"surface":"Σκαμανδρίῳ","lemma":"Σκαμάνδριος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λειμῶνι","gloss":"Scamandrian"},{"surface":"ἀνθεμόεντι","lemma":"ἀνθεμόεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λειμῶνι","gloss":"flowering"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b2-l468","source":"μυρίοι, ὅσσά τε φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα γίγνεται ὥρῃ.","translation":"countless as the leaves and flowers that come in their season.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρίοι","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"ὅσσά","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φύλλα","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"φύλλα","lemma":"φύλλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνθεα","lemma":"ἄνθος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μυρίοι","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ὥρῃ","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to γίγνεται","gloss":"in their season"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b2-l469","source":"ἠΰτε μυιάων ἁδινάων ἔθνεα πολλὰ","translation":"As the many crowded tribes of flies","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"μυιάων","lemma":"μυῖα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνεα","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"ἁδινάων","lemma":"ἀδινός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies μυιάων","gloss":"crowded"},{"surface":"ἔθνεα","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"tribes"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔθνεα","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b2-l470","source":"αἵ τε κατὰ σταθμὸν ποιμνήϊον ἠλάσκουσιν","translation":"swarm about a shepherd's steading","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠλάσκουσιν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"σταθμὸν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"steading"},{"surface":"ποιμνήϊον","lemma":"ποιμνήιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σταθμὸν","gloss":"shepherd's"},{"surface":"ἠλάσκουσιν","lemma":"ἠλάσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μυιάων","gloss":"swarm"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b2-l471","source":"ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ ὅτε τε γλάγος ἄγγεα δεύει,","translation":"in the season of spring, when milk drenches the pails,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥρῃ","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"season"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εἰαρινῇ","lemma":"ἐαρινός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὥρῃ","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δεύει","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γλάγος","lemma":"γλάγος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δεύει","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"ἄγγεα","lemma":"ἄγγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δεύει","gloss":"pails"},{"surface":"δεύει","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠλάσκουσιν","gloss":"drenches"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b2-l472","source":"τόσσοι ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"so many, against the Trojans, the long-haired Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσοι","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντες","gloss":"hair","note":"κάρη is an accusative of respect (\"in their hair\") that, together with κομόωντες, forms the standing epithet \"long-haired Achaeans.\""},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἵσταντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b2-l473","source":"ἐν πεδίῳ ἵσταντο διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες.","translation":"stood arrayed upon the plain, eager to break them utterly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"ἵσταντο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood arrayed"},{"surface":"διαρραῖσαι","lemma":"διαρραίω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαῶτες","gloss":"to break utterly"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτες","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵσταντο","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b2-l474","source":"τοὺς δʼ ὥς τʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν αἰπόλοι ἄνδρες","translation":"And as goatherds easily divide","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"them","note":"τοὺς anticipates the object (the mingled goat-flocks) that the verb διακρίνωσιν, \"divide,\" supplies only in the next line."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διακρίνωσιν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αἰπόλια","lemma":"αἰπόλιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διακρίνωσιν","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"πλατέ","lemma":"πλατύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"wide-spread"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"of goats"},{"surface":"αἰπόλοι","lemma":"αἰπόλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"goatherds"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διακρίνωσιν","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b2-l475","source":"ῥεῖα διακρίνωσιν ἐπεί κε νομῷ μιγέωσιν,","translation":"the wide-spread flocks of goats, when they have mingled at pasture,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διακρίνωσιν","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"διακρίνωσιν","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"divide"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"νομῷ","lemma":"νομός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μιγέωσιν","gloss":"at pasture"},{"surface":"μιγέωσιν","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"mingled"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b2-l476","source":"ὣς τοὺς ἡγεμόνες διεκόσμεον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα","translation":"so the leaders marshaled these men, this way and that,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διεκόσμεον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of διεκόσμεον","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνες","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διεκόσμεον","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"διεκόσμεον","lemma":"διακοσμέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marshaled"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b2-l477","source":"ὑσμίνην δʼ ἰέναι, μετὰ δὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"to go into battle; and among them the lord Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰέναι","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of διεκόσμεον","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b2-l478","source":"ὄμματα καὶ κεφαλὴν ἴκελος Διὶ τερπικεραύνῳ,","translation":"in eyes and head like Zeus who delights in thunder,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄμματα","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἴκελος","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δὲ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴκελος","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τερπικεραύνῳ","lemma":"τερπικέραυνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"who delights in thunder"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b2-l479","source":"Ἄρεϊ δὲ ζώνην, στέρνον δὲ Ποσειδάωνι.","translation":"in waist like Ares, and in chest like Poseidon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄρεϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ζώνην","lemma":"ζώνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"waist"},{"surface":"στέρνον","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Poseidon"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b2-l480","source":"ἠΰτε βοῦς ἀγέληφι μέγʼ ἔξοχος ἔπλετο πάντων","translation":"As a bull in the herd stands out far above all others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l480.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠΰτε βοῦς ἀγέληφι μέγʼ ἔξοχος","title":"The bull among the cattle","body":"The bull-in-the-herd image is a common Homeric figure for a king's pre-eminence among his own people — physical bulk and visible standing at the head of the group, not martial ferocity, is the point of comparison here."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"bull"},{"surface":"ἀγέληφι","lemma":"ἀγέλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"in the herd"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἔξοχος","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pre-eminent"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχος","gloss":"above all others"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b2-l481","source":"ταῦρος· ὃ γάρ τε βόεσσι μεταπρέπει ἀγρομένῃσι·","translation":"a bull — for he is pre-eminent among the gathered cattle —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦρος","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"bull"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μεταπρέπει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"βόεσσι","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μεταπρέπει","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"μεταπρέπει","lemma":"μεταπρέπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γάρ","gloss":"is pre-eminent among"},{"surface":"ἀγρομένῃσι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, dative plural feminine","role":"modifies βόεσσι","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b2-l482","source":"τοῖον ἄρʼ Ἀτρεΐδην θῆκε Ζεὺς ἤματι κείνῳ","translation":"such did Zeus make the son of Atreus on that day,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did make"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"κείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b2-l483","source":"ἐκπρεπέʼ ἐν πολλοῖσι καὶ ἔξοχον ἡρώεσσιν.","translation":"pre-eminent among the many, and outstanding among heroes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκπρεπέ","lemma":"ἐκπρεπής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of καὶ","gloss":"pre-eminent"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πολλοῖσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the many"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔξοχον","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of καὶ","gloss":"outstanding"},{"surface":"ἡρώεσσιν","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχον","gloss":"among heroes"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b2-l484","source":"ἔσπετε νῦν μοι Μοῦσαι Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσαι·","translation":"Tell me now, Muses, who hold your homes on Olympus —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσπετε","lemma":"ἔσπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσπετε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσπετε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Μοῦσαι","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Muses","note":"This second Muse-invocation opens the Catalogue of Ships proper, echoing Book 1's opening invocation but now asking for the roll of leaders and contingents, which mortal memory alone could not hold."},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"on Olympus"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσαι","gloss":"homes"},{"surface":"ἔχουσαι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, vocative plural feminine","role":"modifies Μοῦσαι","gloss":"who hold"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b2-l485","source":"ὑμεῖς γὰρ θεαί ἐστε πάρεστέ τε ἴστέ τε πάντα,","translation":"for you are goddesses, and are present, and know all things,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"θεαί","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"goddesses"},{"surface":"ἐστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"πάρεστέ","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are present"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴστέ","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἴστέ","gloss":"all things"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b2-l486","source":"ἡμεῖς δὲ κλέος οἶον ἀκούομεν οὐδέ τι ἴδμεν·","translation":"while we hear only report, and know nothing ourselves —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l486.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος οἶον ἀκούομεν","title":"κλέος as bare \"report\"","body":"κλέος is the same word rendered \"fame\" or \"glory\" elsewhere in the poem (its usual heroic sense), but its root meaning is simply \"that which is heard.\" Here the poet uses it in that plainer, older sense — mortals possess only hearsay, secondhand report, where the Muses have direct knowledge."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκούομεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀκούομεν","gloss":"report"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ἀκούομεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἴδμεν","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b2-l487","source":"οἵ τινες ἡγεμόνες Δαναῶν καὶ κοίρανοι ἦσαν·","translation":"who were the leaders of the Danaans, and their commanders;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τινες","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἵ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνες","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγεμόνες","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κοίρανοι","lemma":"κοίρανος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"commanders"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b2-l488","source":"πληθὺν δʼ οὐκ ἂν ἐγὼ μυθήσομαι οὐδʼ ὀνομήνω,","translation":"but the mass of the host I could not tell, nor name them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πληθὺν","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"mass"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μυθήσομαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ὀνομήνω","lemma":"ὀνομαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"name"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b2-l489","source":"οὐδʼ εἴ μοι δέκα μὲν γλῶσσαι, δέκα δὲ στόματʼ εἶεν,","translation":"not if I had ten tongues and ten mouths,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l489.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἶεν... ἐνείη... μνησαίαθʼ","title":"A contrary-to-fact wish, resolved by the apodosis","body":"The optatives εἶεν (\"were\") and ἐνείη (\"were in me\") set up an unreal condition — even if the poet had ten tongues, ten mouths, an unbreakable voice, a heart of bronze — and the sentence only resolves three lines later (492) with another optative, μνησαίαθʼ, \"unless the Muses should call to mind\": the whole construction insists that no human faculty, however multiplied, suffices without the goddesses' aid."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies γλῶσσαι","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γλῶσσαι","lemma":"γλῶσσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"tongues"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies στόματ̓","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στόματ","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of εἶεν","gloss":"mouths"},{"surface":"εἶεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b2-l490","source":"φωνὴ δʼ ἄρρηκτος, χάλκεον δέ μοι ἦτορ ἐνείη,","translation":"and a voice unbreakable, and a heart of bronze within me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φωνὴ","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρρηκτος","lemma":"ἄρρηκτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φωνὴ","gloss":"unbreakable"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"of bronze"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνείη","gloss":"within me"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐνείη","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνείη","lemma":"ἔνειμι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b2-l491","source":"εἰ μὴ Ὀλυμπιάδες Μοῦσαι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"unless the Olympian Muses, daughters of Zeus who bears the aegis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ὀλυμπιάδες","lemma":"Ὀλυμπιάς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies Μοῦσαι","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"Μοῦσαι","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Muses"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγατέρες","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b2-l492","source":"θυγατέρες μνησαίαθʼ ὅσοι ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθον·","translation":"should call to mind how many came beneath Ilion;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυγατέρες","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"μνησαίαθ","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"should call to mind"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of μνησαίαθ̓","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b2-l493","source":"ἀρχοὺς αὖ νηῶν ἐρέω νῆάς τε προπάσας.","translation":"the leaders of the ships, then, I will tell, and all the ships entire.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχοὺς","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρέω","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχοὺς","gloss":"of the ships"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"νῆάς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προπάσας","lemma":"πρόπας","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆάς","gloss":"all together"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b2-l494","source":"Βοιωτῶν μὲν Πηνέλεως καὶ Λήϊτος ἦρχον","translation":"Of the Boeotians, Peneleos and Leitus were leaders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Βοιωτῶν","lemma":"Βοιωτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχον","gloss":"of the Boeotians"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Πηνέλεως","lemma":"Πηνέλεως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Peneleos"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λήϊτος","lemma":"Λήιτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Leitus"},{"surface":"ἦρχον","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leaders"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b2-l495","source":"Ἀρκεσίλαός τε Προθοήνωρ τε Κλονίος τε,","translation":"and Arcesilaus and Prothoenor and Clonius,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀρκεσίλαός","lemma":"Ἀρκεσίλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Arcesilaus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"The Catalogue chains leaders and place-names with repeated τε...τε, a paratactic list-style distinct from ordinary coordinating καί; held to plain \"and\" throughout, without a note at each repetition."},{"surface":"Προθοήνωρ","lemma":"Προθοήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Prothoenor"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κλονίος","lemma":"Κλονίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Clonius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b2-l496","source":"οἵ θʼ Ὑρίην ἐνέμοντο καὶ Αὐλίδα πετρήεσσαν","translation":"who dwelt in Hyria and rocky Aulis","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l496.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οἵ θʼ","title":"The relative-pronoun catalogue chain","body":"The Catalogue strings its place-names together with a repeating relative pronoun (οἵ, \"who,\" \"these who\") rather than a fresh main verb for each town — a paratactic chain that lets the list run on for line after line without breaking its syntactic thread."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέμοντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ὑρίην","lemma":"Ὑρίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hyria"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"dwelt"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐλίδα","lemma":"Αὐλίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Aulis"},{"surface":"πετρήεσσαν","lemma":"πετρήεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Αὐλίδα","gloss":"rocky"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b2-l497","source":"Σχοῖνόν τε Σκῶλόν τε πολύκνημόν τʼ Ἐτεωνόν,","translation":"and Schoenus and Scolus and craggy Eteonus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σχοῖνόν","lemma":"Σχοῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Schoenus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σκῶλόν","lemma":"Σκῶλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Scolus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολύκνημόν","lemma":"πολύκνημος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐτεωνόν","gloss":"craggy"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐτεωνόν","lemma":"Ἐτεωνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Eteonus"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b2-l498","source":"Θέσπειαν Γραῖάν τε καὶ εὐρύχορον Μυκαλησσόν,","translation":"Thespeia and Graea and spacious Mycalessus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Θέσπειαν","lemma":"Θέσπεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Thespeia"},{"surface":"Γραῖάν","lemma":"Γραῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Graea"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐρύχορον","lemma":"εὐρύχορος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μυκαλησσόν","gloss":"spacious"},{"surface":"Μυκαλησσόν","lemma":"Μυκαλησσός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Mycalessus"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b2-l499","source":"οἵ τʼ ἀμφʼ Ἅρμʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Εἰλέσιον καὶ Ἐρυθράς,","translation":"and those who dwelt about Harma and Eilesion and Erythrae,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέμοντο","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Ἅρμ","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Harma"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"dwelt"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εἰλέσιον","lemma":"Εἰλέσιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Eilesion"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐρυθράς","lemma":"Ἐρυθραί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Erythrae"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b2-l500","source":"οἵ τʼ Ἐλεῶνʼ εἶχον ἠδʼ Ὕλην καὶ Πετεῶνα,","translation":"and held Eleon and Hyle and Peteon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ἐλεῶν","lemma":"Ἐλεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Eleon"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὕλην","lemma":"Ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Hyle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πετεῶνα","lemma":"Πετεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Peteon"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b2-l501","source":"Ὠκαλέην Μεδεῶνά τʼ ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,","translation":"Ocalea and Medeon, the well-built citadel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l501.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον","title":"\"The well-built citadel\"","body":"A standing formula for a fortified town, applied here to Medeon and again below to Hypothebae and Athens; πτολίεθρον is an epic-only noun for a walled city, held to this same wording wherever it recurs in the Catalogue."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ὠκαλέην","lemma":"Ὠκαλέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Ocalea"},{"surface":"Μεδεῶνά","lemma":"Μεδεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Medeon"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτίμενον","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b2-l502","source":"Κώπας Εὔτρησίν τε πολυτρήρωνά τε Θίσβην,","translation":"Copae and Eutresis and Thisbe, haunt of doves,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κώπας","lemma":"Κώπη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Copae"},{"surface":"Εὔτρησίν","lemma":"Εὔτρησις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Eutresis"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολυτρήρωνά","lemma":"πολυτρήρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Θίσβην","gloss":"haunt of doves"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θίσβην","lemma":"Θίσβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Thisbe"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b2-l503","source":"οἵ τε Κορώνειαν καὶ ποιήενθʼ Ἁλίαρτον,","translation":"and those who held Coronea and grassy Haliartus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Κορώνειαν","lemma":"Κορώνεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Coronea"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποιήενθ","lemma":"ποιήεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἁλίαρτον","gloss":"grassy"},{"surface":"Ἁλίαρτον","lemma":"Ἁλίαρτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Haliartus"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b2-l504","source":"οἵ τε Πλάταιαν ἔχον ἠδʼ οἳ Γλισᾶντʼ ἐνέμοντο,","translation":"and held Plataea, and those who dwelt in Glisas,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πλάταιαν","lemma":"Πλάταια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"Plataea"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέμοντο","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"Γλισᾶντ","lemma":"Γλίσας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνέμοντο","gloss":"Glisas"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"dwelt"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b2-l505","source":"οἵ θʼ Ὑποθήβας εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,","translation":"and held Hypothebae, the well-built citadel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὑποθήβας","lemma":"Ὑποθῆβαι","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hypothebae","note":"\"Lower Thebes,\" distinct from the seven-gated Cadmeian Thebes of the Seven Against Thebes legend."},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτίμενον","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b2-l506","source":"Ὀγχηστόν θʼ ἱερὸν Ποσιδήϊον ἀγλαὸν ἄλσος,","translation":"and holy Onchestus, the shining grove of Poseidon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὀγχηστόν","lemma":"Ὀγχηστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Onchestus"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"Ποσιδήϊον","lemma":"Ποσιδήιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱερὸν","gloss":"of Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλσος","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"ἄλσος","lemma":"ἄλσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"grove"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b2-l507","source":"οἵ τε πολυστάφυλον Ἄρνην ἔχον, οἵ τε Μίδειαν","translation":"and held Arne rich in vines, and Midea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολυστάφυλον","lemma":"πολυστάφυλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρνην","gloss":"rich in vines"},{"surface":"Ἄρνην","lemma":"Ἄρνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"Arne"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μίδειαν","lemma":"Μίδεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Midea"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b2-l508","source":"Νῖσάν τε ζαθέην Ἀνθηδόνα τʼ ἐσχατόωσαν·","translation":"and sacred Nisa and Anthedon on the farthest border;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νῖσάν","lemma":"Νῖσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Nisa"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζαθέην","lemma":"ζάθεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Νῖσάν","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"Ἀνθηδόνα","lemma":"Ἀνθηδών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Anthedon"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσχατόωσαν","lemma":"ἐσχατάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies Ἀνθηδόνα","gloss":"on the farthest border"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b2-l509","source":"τῶν μὲν πεντήκοντα νέες κίον, ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ","translation":"of these came fifty ships, and in each one","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"νέες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κίον","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῃ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b2-l510","source":"κοῦροι Βοιωτῶν ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι βαῖνον.","translation":"went young men of the Boeotians, a hundred and twenty.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of βαῖνον","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"Βοιωτῶν","lemma":"Βοιωτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"of the Boeotians"},{"surface":"ἑκατὸν","lemma":"ἑκατόν","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"βαῖνον","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b2-l511","source":"οἳ δʼ Ἀσπληδόνα ναῖον ἰδʼ Ὀρχομενὸν Μινύειον,","translation":"And they who dwelt in Aspledon and Orchomenus of the Minyans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναῖον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀσπληδόνα","lemma":"Ἀσπληδών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδ̓","gloss":"Aspledon"},{"surface":"ναῖον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"dwelt"},{"surface":"ἰδ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀρχομενὸν","lemma":"Ὀρχομενός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδ̓","gloss":"Orchomenus","note":"\"Orchomenus of the Minyans,\" the Boeotian city — a homonym of the separate Arcadian Orchomenus that appears later in the Catalogue."},{"surface":"Μινύειον","lemma":"Μινύειος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀρχομενὸν","gloss":"of the Minyans"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b2-l512","source":"τῶν ἦρχʼ Ἀσκάλαφος καὶ Ἰάλμενος υἷες Ἄρηος","translation":"of these Ascalaphus and Ialmenus were leaders, sons of Ares,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leaders"},{"surface":"Ἀσκάλαφος","lemma":"Ἀσκάλαφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Ascalaphus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰάλμενος","lemma":"Ἰάλμενος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Ialmenus"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b2-l513","source":"οὓς τέκεν Ἀστυόχη δόμῳ Ἄκτορος Ἀζεΐδαο,","translation":"whom Astyoche bore in the house of Actor, son of Azeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τέκεν","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing υἷες","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Ἀστυόχη","lemma":"Ἀστυόχη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Astyoche","note":"This Astyoche, mother of Ascalaphus and Ialmenus, is a distinct figure from Astyocheia, mother of Tlepolemus, later in the Catalogue."},{"surface":"δόμῳ","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τέκεν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Ἄκτορος","lemma":"Ἄκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμῳ","gloss":"Actor"},{"surface":"Ἀζεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀζείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄκτορος","gloss":"son of Azeus"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b2-l514","source":"παρθένος αἰδοίη ὑπερώϊον εἰσαναβᾶσα","translation":"a modest maiden, having gone up to the upper chamber","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παρθένος","lemma":"παρθένος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"maiden"},{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παρθένος","gloss":"modest"},{"surface":"ὑπερώϊον","lemma":"ὑπερῷον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰσαναβᾶσα","gloss":"upper chamber"},{"surface":"εἰσαναβᾶσα","lemma":"εἰσαναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τέκεν","gloss":"having gone up"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b2-l515","source":"Ἄρηϊ κρατερῷ· ὃ δέ οἱ παρελέξατο λάθρῃ·","translation":"to lie with mighty Ares; and he lay beside her in secret;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l515.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"παρελέξατο λάθρῃ","title":"Aorist middle: \"he lay beside her\"","body":"παρελέξατο is aorist middle of παραλέγομαι, \"to lie down beside\"; the middle voice marks Ares as acting for his own purpose and pleasure, and λάθρῃ, \"secretly,\" underscores that the union was hidden even from Astyoche's own household."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέκεν","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"κρατερῷ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παρελέξατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of παρελέξατο","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"παρελέξατο","lemma":"παραλέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay beside"},{"surface":"λάθρῃ","lemma":"λάθρῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρελέξατο","gloss":"in secret"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b2-l516","source":"τοῖς δὲ τριήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.","translation":"with them thirty hollow ships stood ranged in line.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τριήκοντα","lemma":"τριάκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"thirty"},{"surface":"γλαφυραὶ","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"νέες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐστιχόωντο","lemma":"στιχάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood ranged in line"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b2-l517","source":"αὐτὰρ Φωκήων Σχεδίος καὶ Ἐπίστροφος ἦρχον","translation":"But of the Phocians, Schedius and Epistrophus were leaders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Φωκήων","lemma":"Φωκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχον","gloss":"of the Phocians"},{"surface":"Σχεδίος","lemma":"Σχεδίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Schedius"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐπίστροφος","lemma":"Ἐπίστροφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Epistrophus","note":"First of three Epistrophus figures in the Iliad, all in Book 2: this Phocian, son of Iphitus; a second leads the Trojan-allied Halizones with Odios (2.856); a third, son of Evenus, ruled Lyrnessus with his brother Mynes and was slain by Achilles before the poem begins (2.692) — he does not lead any contingent in the Catalogue."},{"surface":"ἦρχον","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leaders"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b2-l518","source":"υἷες Ἰφίτου μεγαθύμου Ναυβολίδαο,","translation":"sons of great-hearted Iphitus, son of Naubolus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἰφίτου","lemma":"Ἴφιτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"Iphitus"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰφίτου","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ναυβολίδαο","lemma":"Ναυβολίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰφίτου","gloss":"son of Naubolus"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b2-l519","source":"οἳ Κυπάρισσον ἔχον Πυθῶνά τε πετρήεσσαν","translation":"who held Cyparissus and rocky Pytho","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Κυπάρισσον","lemma":"κυπάρισσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Cyparissus"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Πυθῶνά","lemma":"Πυθών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pytho"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πετρήεσσαν","lemma":"πετρήεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πυθῶνά","gloss":"rocky"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b2-l520","source":"Κρῖσάν τε ζαθέην καὶ Δαυλίδα καὶ Πανοπῆα,","translation":"and sacred Crisa and Daulis and Panopeus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κρῖσάν","lemma":"Κρῖσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Crisa"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζαθέην","lemma":"ζάθεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κρῖσάν","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαυλίδα","lemma":"Δαυλίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Daulis"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πανοπῆα","lemma":"Πανοπεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Panopeus"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b2-l521","source":"οἵ τʼ Ἀνεμώρειαν καὶ Ὑάμπολιν ἀμφενέμοντο,","translation":"and dwelt about Anemoreia and Hyampolis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφενέμοντο","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀνεμώρειαν","lemma":"Ἀνεμώρεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Anemoreia"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὑάμπολιν","lemma":"Ὑάμπολις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hyampolis"},{"surface":"ἀμφενέμοντο","lemma":"ἀμφινέμομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"dwelt about"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b2-l522","source":"οἵ τʼ ἄρα πὰρ ποταμὸν Κηφισὸν δῖον ἔναιον,","translation":"and those who dwelt beside the bright river Cephisus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔναιον","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ποταμὸν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"Κηφισὸν","lemma":"Κηφισός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποταμὸν","gloss":"Cephisus"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸν","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"ἔναιον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"dwelt"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b2-l523","source":"οἵ τε Λίλαιαν ἔχον πηγῇς ἔπι Κηφισοῖο·","translation":"and held Lilaea at the springs of Cephisus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λίλαιαν","lemma":"Λίλαια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"Lilaea"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"πηγῇς","lemma":"πηγή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"springs"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Κηφισοῖο","lemma":"Κηφισός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πηγῇς","gloss":"of Cephisus"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b2-l524","source":"τοῖς δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.","translation":"with them followed forty black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l524.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέλαιναι νῆες","title":"\"Black ships\"","body":"μέλαιναι νῆες, \"black ships,\" is a standing Homeric epithet for the fleet, describing hulls darkened with pitch; held to this exact wording throughout the poem."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τῷ δʼ ἅμα ... νῆες ἕποντο","title":"The ship-count formula","body":"\"With him/them followed [number] black ships\" is the Catalogue's recurring closing formula, varying only the number and the pronoun for a singular or plural leader; an oral poet could adapt it instantly to any contingent, and the English is held to this same fixed template wherever the identical Greek recurs."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τεσσαράκοντα","lemma":"τεσσαράκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b2-l525","source":"οἳ μὲν Φωκήων στίχας ἵστασαν ἀμφιέποντες,","translation":"These marshaled the ranks of the Phocians, drawing them up,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵστασαν","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Φωκήων","lemma":"Φωκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"of the Phocians"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἵστασαν","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἵστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marshaled"},{"surface":"ἀμφιέποντες","lemma":"ἀμφιέπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵστασαν","gloss":"drawing them up"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b2-l526","source":"Βοιωτῶν δʼ ἔμπλην ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ θωρήσσοντο.","translation":"and armed for battle close beside the Boeotians, on the left.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Βοιωτῶν","lemma":"Βοιωτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔμπλην","gloss":"the Boeotians"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμπλην","lemma":"ἔμπλην","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"close beside"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὰ","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"θωρήσσοντο","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed for battle"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b2-l527","source":"Λοκρῶν δʼ ἡγεμόνευεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας","translation":"Of the Locrians, swift Ajax, son of Oileus, was leader,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λοκρῶν","lemma":"Λοκροί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευεν","gloss":"of the Locrians"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευεν","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Oileus"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευεν","gloss":"Ajax","note":"The Catalogue's Ajax pair: Ajax son of Oileus (\"the lesser\"), a Locrian, leads this contingent, distinct from Ajax son of Telamon of Salamis, named two lines later."}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b2-l528","source":"μείων, οὔ τι τόσος γε ὅσος Τελαμώνιος Αἴας","translation":"the lesser, not so great at all as Ajax, son of Telamon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μείων","lemma":"μείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"the lesser"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τόσος","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τόσος","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλλὰ","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὅσος","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Telamon"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b2-l529","source":"ἀλλὰ πολὺ μείων· ὀλίγος μὲν ἔην λινοθώρηξ,","translation":"but far smaller; small he was, in a corselet of linen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"μείων","lemma":"μείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἀλλὰ","gloss":"smaller"},{"surface":"ὀλίγος","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he was"},{"surface":"λινοθώρηξ","lemma":"λινοθώρηξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"in a corselet of linen"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b2-l530","source":"ἐγχείῃ δʼ ἐκέκαστο Πανέλληνας καὶ Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"but with the spear he surpassed all the Hellenes and Achaeans;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγχείῃ","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκαστο","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐκέκαστο","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surpassed"},{"surface":"Πανέλληνας","lemma":"Πανέλληνες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Hellenes","note":"A rare early use of \"Hellenes\" as a name for all the Greeks together, alongside the poem's usual Danaans/Argives/Achaeans, not yet the later national term."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b2-l531","source":"οἳ Κῦνόν τʼ ἐνέμοντʼ Ὀπόεντά τε Καλλίαρόν τε","translation":"these dwelt in Cynus and Opoeis and Calliarus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέμοντ̓","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"Κῦνόν","lemma":"Κῦνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Cynus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντ","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dwelt"},{"surface":"Ὀπόεντά","lemma":"Ὀπόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Opoeis"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Καλλίαρόν","lemma":"Καλλίαρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Calliarus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b2-l532","source":"Βῆσσάν τε Σκάρφην τε καὶ Αὐγειὰς ἐρατεινὰς","translation":"and Bessa and Scarphe and lovely Augeiae","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Βῆσσάν","lemma":"Βῆσσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Bessa"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σκάρφην","lemma":"Σκάρφη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Scarphe"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐγειὰς","lemma":"Αὐγειαί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Augeiae","note":"This Locrian Augeiae is a homonym of the Laconian Augeiae named later in the Catalogue among Menelaus's towns."},{"surface":"ἐρατεινὰς","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Αὐγειὰς","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b2-l533","source":"Τάρφην τε Θρόνιον τε Βοαγρίου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα·","translation":"and Tarphe and Thronium, about the streams of Boagrius;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τάρφην","lemma":"Τάρφη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Tarphe"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θρόνιον","lemma":"Θρόνιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Thronium"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Βοαγρίου","lemma":"Βοάγριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"of Boagrius"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀμφὶ","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b2-l534","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο","translation":"with him followed forty black ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τεσσαράκοντα","lemma":"τεσσαράκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b2-l535","source":"Λοκρῶν, οἳ ναίουσι πέρην ἱερῆς Εὐβοίης.","translation":"of the Locrians who dwell across from holy Euboea.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λοκρῶν","lemma":"Λοκροί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"of the Locrians"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναίουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ναίουσι","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Λοκρῶν","gloss":"dwell"},{"surface":"πέρην","lemma":"πέραν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across from"},{"surface":"ἱερῆς","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐβοίης","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"Εὐβοίης","lemma":"Εὔβοια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέρην","gloss":"Euboea"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b2-l536","source":"οἳ δʼ Εὔβοιαν ἔχον μένεα πνείοντες Ἄβαντες","translation":"And they who held Euboea, the Abantes breathing fury,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Ἄβαντες","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὔβοιαν","lemma":"Εὔβοια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Euboea"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"μένεα","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πνείοντες","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"πνείοντες","lemma":"πνέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"breathing"},{"surface":"Ἄβαντες","lemma":"Ἄβας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"Abantes","note":"The Abantes are marked in Homer by a distinctive long-hair-behind custom (line 542, \"long-haired behind\"), a grooming detail unique to this contingent in the Catalogue."}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b2-l537","source":"Χαλκίδα τʼ Εἰρέτριάν τε πολυστάφυλόν θʼ Ἱστίαιαν","translation":"Chalcis and Eretria and Histiaea rich in vines,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Χαλκίδα","lemma":"Χαλκίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Chalcis"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εἰρέτριάν","lemma":"Εἰρέτρια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Eretria"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολυστάφυλόν","lemma":"πολυστάφυλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἱστίαιαν","gloss":"rich in vines"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἱστίαιαν","lemma":"Ἱστίαια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Histiaea"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b2-l538","source":"Κήρινθόν τʼ ἔφαλον Δίου τʼ αἰπὺ πτολίεθρον,","translation":"and Cerinthus by the sea and Dium's steep citadel,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κήρινθόν","lemma":"Κήρινθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Cerinthus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφαλον","lemma":"ἔφαλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κήρινθόν","gloss":"by the sea"},{"surface":"Δίου","lemma":"Δῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"Dium's"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰπὺ","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b2-l539","source":"οἵ τε Κάρυστον ἔχον ἠδʼ οἳ Στύρα ναιετάασκον,","translation":"and those who held Carystus and those who dwelt in Styra,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κάρυστον","lemma":"Κάρυστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"Carystus"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναιετάασκον","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"Στύρα","lemma":"Στύρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναιετάασκον","gloss":"Styra"},{"surface":"ναιετάασκον","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"dwelt"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b2-l540","source":"τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευʼ Ἐλεφήνωρ ὄζος Ἄρηος","translation":"of these again Elephenor was leader, scion of Ares,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνεὐ","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευ","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Ἐλεφήνωρ","lemma":"Ἐλεφήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Elephenor"},{"surface":"ὄζος","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"scion"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄζος","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b2-l541","source":"Χαλκωδοντιάδης μεγαθύμων ἀρχὸς Ἀβάντων.","translation":"son of Chalcodon, chief of the great-hearted Abantes.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l541.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Χαλκωδοντιάδης","title":"Patronymic formation","body":"Χαλκωδοντιάδης, \"son of Chalcodon,\" is formed with the standard epic patronymic suffix -ιάδης, the same pattern that produces Πηλεΐδης, \"son of Peleus,\" for Achilles; Catalogue entries lean on this suffix heavily to identify a leader by his father in a single word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Χαλκωδοντιάδης","lemma":"Χαλκωδοντιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Chalcodon"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμων","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀβάντων","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἀρχὸς","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"chief"},{"surface":"Ἀβάντων","lemma":"Ἄβας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχὸς","gloss":"of the Abantes"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b2-l542","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμʼ Ἄβαντες ἕποντο θοοὶ ὄπιθεν κομόωντες","translation":"With him followed the swift Abantes, long-haired behind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμ̓","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ἄβαντες","lemma":"Ἄβας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Abantes"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"θοοὶ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄβαντες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κομόωντες","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἄβαντες","gloss":"long-haired"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b2-l543","source":"αἰχμηταὶ μεμαῶτες ὀρεκτῇσιν μελίῃσι","translation":"spearmen eager, with outstretched ash-wood spears","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμηταὶ","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"spearmen"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτες","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies αἰχμηταὶ","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ὀρεκτῇσιν","lemma":"ὀρεκτός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies μελίῃσι","gloss":"outstretched"},{"surface":"μελίῃσι","lemma":"μελία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ῥήξειν","gloss":"ash-wood spears"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b2-l544","source":"θώρηκας ῥήξειν δηΐων ἀμφὶ στήθεσσι·","translation":"to shatter the corselets about the breasts of the foe;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θώρηκας","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ῥήξειν","gloss":"corselets"},{"surface":"ῥήξειν","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαῶτες","gloss":"to shatter"},{"surface":"δηΐων","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"of the foe"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"breasts"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b2-l545","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.","translation":"with him followed forty black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τεσσαράκοντα","lemma":"τεσσαράκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b2-l546","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθήνας εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον","translation":"And they who held Athens, the well-built citadel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνας","lemma":"Ἀθῆναι","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Athens"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτίμενον","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b2-l547","source":"δῆμον Ἐρεχθῆος μεγαλήτορος, ὅν ποτʼ Ἀθήνη","translation":"the people of great-hearted Erechtheus, whom once Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"Ἐρεχθῆος","lemma":"Ἐρεχθεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"of Erechtheus","note":"Erechtheus is Athens's legendary autochthonous king — sprung from the earth itself, then reared by Athena and enshrined in her own temple, the founding claim of Athenian identity."},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορος","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐρεχθῆος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θρέψε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to θρέψε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b2-l548","source":"θρέψε Διὸς θυγάτηρ, τέκε δὲ ζείδωρος ἄρουρα,","translation":"reared, the daughter of Zeus, though the grain-giving earth had borne him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θρέψε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"had borne"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ζείδωρος","lemma":"ζείδωρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουρα","gloss":"grain-giving"},{"surface":"ἄρουρα","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b2-l549","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἐν Ἀθήνῃς εἷσεν ἑῷ ἐν πίονι νηῷ·","translation":"and she set him down in Athens, in her own rich temple;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κὰδ...εἷσεν is tmesis: the preverb κατά is split from its compound verb καθίζω, \"set down.\""},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνῃς","lemma":"Ἀθῆναι","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"Athens"},{"surface":"εἷσεν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἑῷ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηῷ","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πίονι","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηῷ","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"νηῷ","lemma":"ναός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"temple"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b2-l550","source":"ἔνθα δέ μιν ταύροισι καὶ ἀρνειοῖς ἱλάονται","translation":"there they seek to win his favor with bulls and rams,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱλάονται","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱλάονται","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ταύροισι","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"bulls"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρνειοῖς","lemma":"ἀρνειός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"rams"},{"surface":"ἱλάονται","lemma":"ἱλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seek to win favor"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b2-l551","source":"κοῦροι Ἀθηναίων περιτελλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν·","translation":"the young men of the Athenians, as the years wheel round;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱλάονται","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίων","lemma":"Ἀθηναῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"of the Athenians"},{"surface":"περιτελλομένων","lemma":"περιτέλλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱλάονται","gloss":"wheel round"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτῶν","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"subject of περιτελλομένων","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b2-l552","source":"τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευʼ υἱὸς Πετεῶο Μενεσθεύς.","translation":"of these again Menestheus, son of Peteos, was leader.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνεὐ","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευ","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Πετεῶο","lemma":"Πετεώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Peteos"},{"surface":"Μενεσθεύς","lemma":"Μενεσθεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Menestheus"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b2-l553","source":"τῷ δʼ οὔ πώ τις ὁμοῖος ἐπιχθόνιος γένετʼ ἀνὴρ","translation":"No man born upon the earth had ever yet been his equal","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὁμοῖος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"ever yet"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖος","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἐπιχθόνιος","lemma":"ἐπιχθόνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"born upon the earth"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b2-l554","source":"κοσμῆσαι ἵππους τε καὶ ἀνέρας ἀσπιδιώτας·","translation":"at marshaling horses and shield-bearing men;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοσμῆσαι","lemma":"κοσμέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὁμοῖος","gloss":"at marshaling"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀσπιδιώτας","lemma":"ἀσπιδιώτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέρας","gloss":"shield-bearing"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b2-l555","source":"Νέστωρ οἶος ἔριζεν· ὃ γὰρ προγενέστερος ἦεν·","translation":"Nestor alone rivaled him, for he was born the earlier;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔριζεν","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἔριζεν","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rivaled"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"προγενέστερος","lemma":"προγενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"born the earlier"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b2-l556","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμα πεντήκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.","translation":"with him followed fifty black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b2-l557","source":"Αἴας δʼ ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος ἄγεν δυοκαίδεκα νῆας,","translation":"And Ajax, son of Telamon, led twelve ships out of Salamis,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγεν","gloss":"Ajax","note":"Bare \"Ajax\" here, re-introduced in this new scene, is Ajax son of Telamon of Salamis, distinct from Ajax son of Oileus the Locrian, named earlier in the Catalogue."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Σαλαμῖνος","lemma":"Σαλαμίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Salamis"},{"surface":"ἄγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δυοκαίδεκα","lemma":"δυοκαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγεν","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b2-l558","source":"στῆσε δʼ ἄγων ἵνʼ Ἀθηναίων ἵσταντο φάλαγγες.","translation":"and brought them, and stationed them where the ranks of the Athenians stood.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆσε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stationed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆσε","gloss":"brought them"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵσταντο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίων","lemma":"Ἀθηναῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φάλαγγες","gloss":"of the Athenians"},{"surface":"ἵσταντο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to στῆσε","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"φάλαγγες","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵσταντο","gloss":"ranks"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b2-l559","source":"οἳ δʼ Ἄργός τʼ εἶχον Τίρυνθά τε τειχιόεσσαν","translation":"And they who held Argos and walled Tiryns,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄργός","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Τίρυνθά","lemma":"Τίρυνς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Tiryns"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τειχιόεσσαν","lemma":"τειχιόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τίρυνθά","gloss":"walled"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b2-l560","source":"Ἑρμιόνην Ἀσίνην τε, βαθὺν κατὰ κόλπον ἐχούσας,","translation":"Hermione and Asine, that hold the deep gulf,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμιόνην","lemma":"Ἑρμιόνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Hermione"},{"surface":"Ἀσίνην","lemma":"Ἀσίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Asine"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βαθὺν","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κόλπον","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κόλπον","lemma":"κόλπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐχούσας","gloss":"gulf"},{"surface":"ἐχούσας","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b2-l561","source":"Τροιζῆνʼ Ἠϊόνας τε καὶ ἀμπελόεντʼ Ἐπίδαυρον,","translation":"Troezen and Eiones and Epidaurus rich in vines,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τροιζῆν","lemma":"Τροιζήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Troezen"},{"surface":"Ἠϊόνας","lemma":"Ἠιόνες","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Eiones"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...καὶ links the three place-names of the Argive contingent's list in a single coordinated series."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμπελόεντ","lemma":"ἀμπελόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπίδαυρον","gloss":"rich in vines"},{"surface":"Ἐπίδαυρον","lemma":"Ἐπίδαυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Epidaurus"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b2-l562","source":"οἵ τʼ ἔχον Αἴγιναν Μάσητά τε κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"and the young men of the Achaeans who held Aegina and Mases,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Αἴγιναν","lemma":"Αἴγινα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Aegina"},{"surface":"Μάσητά","lemma":"Μάσης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Mases"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b2-l563","source":"τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης","translation":"of these again Diomedes, good at the war-cry, was leader,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b2-l564","source":"καὶ Σθένελος, Καπανῆος ἀγακλειτοῦ φίλος υἱός·","translation":"and Sthenelus, dear son of famed Capaneus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σθένελος","lemma":"Σθένελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Sthenelus"},{"surface":"Καπανῆος","lemma":"Καπανεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Capaneus"},{"surface":"ἀγακλειτοῦ","lemma":"ἀγακλειτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Καπανῆος","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b2-l565","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἅμʼ Εὐρύαλος τρίτατος κίεν ἰσόθεος φὼς","translation":"and with them Euryalus went, a third, a man like a god,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l565.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἰσόθεος φώς","title":"\"A man like a god\"","body":"ἰσόθεος, \"equal to a god,\" is a compound epithet epic poetry reserves for a select handful of heroes; applying it to Euryalus, a relatively minor figure in the poem, signals his stature within this contingent even though he plays little further part in the narrative."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Εὐρύαλος","lemma":"Εὐρύαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Euryalus"},{"surface":"τρίτατος","lemma":"τρίτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a third"},{"surface":"κίεν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἰσόθεος","lemma":"ἰσόθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φὼς","gloss":"like a god"},{"surface":"φὼς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b2-l566","source":"Μηκιστέος υἱὸς Ταλαϊονίδαο ἄνακτος·","translation":"son of lord Mecisteus, son of Talaus;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηκιστέος","lemma":"Μηκιστεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Mecisteus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ταλαϊονίδαο","lemma":"Ταλαιονίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηκιστέος","gloss":"son of Talaus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηκιστέος","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b2-l567","source":"συμπάντων δʼ ἡγεῖτο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"but over all of them led Diomedes, good at the war-cry;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"συμπάντων","lemma":"σύμπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἡγεῖτο","gloss":"over all of them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἡγεῖτο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεῖτο","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b2-l568","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἅμʼ ὀγδώκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.","translation":"with them followed eighty black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ὀγδώκοντα","lemma":"ὀγδοήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"eighty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b2-l569","source":"οἳ δὲ Μυκήνας εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον","translation":"And they who held Mycenae, the well-built citadel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μυκήνας","lemma":"Μυκήνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Mycenae"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτίμενον","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b2-l570","source":"ἀφνειόν τε Κόρινθον ἐϋκτιμένας τε Κλεωνάς,","translation":"and rich Corinth, and well-built Cleonae,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφνειόν","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κόρινθον","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κόρινθον","lemma":"Κόρινθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Corinth"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτιμένας","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κλεωνάς","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κλεωνάς","lemma":"Κλεωναί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Cleonae"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b2-l571","source":"Ὀρνειάς τʼ ἐνέμοντο Ἀραιθυρέην τʼ ἐρατεινὴν","translation":"and dwelt in Orneae and lovely Araethyrea","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὀρνειάς","lemma":"Ὀρνειαί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Orneae"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"dwelt in"},{"surface":"Ἀραιθυρέην","lemma":"Ἀραιθυρέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Araethyrea"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινὴν","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀραιθυρέην","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b2-l572","source":"καὶ Σικυῶνʼ, ὅθʼ ἄρʼ Ἄδρηστος πρῶτʼ ἐμβασίλευεν,","translation":"and Sicyon, where Adrastus first was king,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σικυῶν","lemma":"Σικυών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Sicyon"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμβασίλευεν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἄδρηστος","lemma":"Ἄδρηστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐμβασίλευεν","gloss":"Adrastus","note":"The founding king of Sicyon before his later, far more famous role as king of Argos and leader of the Seven against Thebes."},{"surface":"πρῶτ","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐμβασίλευεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐμβασίλευεν","lemma":"ἐμβασιλεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Σικυῶν̓","gloss":"was king"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b2-l573","source":"οἵ θʼ Ὑπερησίην τε καὶ αἰπεινὴν Γονόεσσαν","translation":"and they who held Hyperesia and steep Gonoessa","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine 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Aegium,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πελλήνην","lemma":"Πελλήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Pellene"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἴγιον","lemma":"Αἴγιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Aegium"},{"surface":"ἀμφενέμοντο","lemma":"ἀμφινέμομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"dwelt about"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b2-l575","source":"Αἰγιαλόν τʼ ἀνὰ πάντα καὶ ἀμφʼ Ἑλίκην εὐρεῖαν,","translation":"and along all Aegialus, and about wide Helice,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰγιαλόν","lemma":"Αἰγιαλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"Aegialus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰγιαλόν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Ἑλίκην","lemma":"Ἑλίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Helice"},{"surface":"εὐρεῖαν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλίκην","gloss":"wide"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b2-l576","source":"τῶν ἑκατὸν νηῶν ἦρχε κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"of these a hundred ships were led by the lord Agamemnon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἑκατὸν","lemma":"ἑκατόν","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b2-l577","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης· ἅμα τῷ γε πολὺ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι","translation":"son of Atreus; with him followed by far the most and best","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"πλεῖστοι","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"the most"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b2-l578","source":"λαοὶ ἕποντʼ· ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς ἐδύσετο νώροπα χαλκὸν","translation":"of the host; and among them he himself put on the gleaming bronze,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντ̓","gloss":"the host"},{"surface":"ἕποντ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ἐδύσετο","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἐδύσετο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"νώροπα","lemma":"νῶροψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκὸν","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐδύσετο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b2-l579","source":"κυδιόων, πᾶσιν δὲ μετέπρεπεν ἡρώεσσιν","translation":"exulting, and stood out among all the heroes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κυδιόων","lemma":"κυδιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδύσετο","gloss":"exulting"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡρώεσσιν","gloss":"among all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέπρεπεν","lemma":"μεταπρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood out"},{"surface":"ἡρώεσσιν","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετέπρεπεν","gloss":"the heroes"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b2-l580","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἄριστος ἔην πολὺ δὲ πλείστους ἄγε λαούς.","translation":"because he was the best, and led by far the most men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλείστους","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies λαούς","gloss":"the most"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"λαούς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b2-l581","source":"οἳ δʼ εἶχον κοίλην Λακεδαίμονα κητώεσσαν,","translation":"And they who held hollow Lacedaemon, cleft with ravines,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"κοίλην","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λακεδαίμονα","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"Λακεδαίμονα","lemma":"Λακεδαίμων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Lacedaemon"},{"surface":"κητώεσσαν","lemma":"κητώεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λακεδαίμονα","gloss":"cleft with ravines"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b2-l582","source":"Φᾶρίν τε Σπάρτην τε πολυτρήρωνά τε Μέσσην,","translation":"and Pharis and Sparta and Messe, haunt of doves,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φᾶρίν","lemma":"Φᾶρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Pharis"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σπάρτην","lemma":"Σπάρτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Sparta"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολυτρήρωνά","lemma":"πολυτρήρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Μέσσην","gloss":"haunt of doves"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέσσην","lemma":"Μέσση","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Messe"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b2-l583","source":"Βρυσειάς τʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Αὐγειὰς ἐρατεινάς,","translation":"and dwelt in Bryseae and lovely Augeiae,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l583.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Αὐγειὰς","title":"A second Augeiae","body":"This Augeiae, in Lacedaemon, is a different town from the Augeiae already named among the Locrians (2.532) — the Catalogue reuses common Greek place-names freely, the way medieval England had more than one Newport; context alone distinguishes them."}],"words":[{"surface":"Βρυσειάς","lemma":"Βρυσειαί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Bryseae"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"dwelt in"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐγειὰς","lemma":"Αὐγειαί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Augeiae","note":"This Laconian Augeiae is a homonym of the Locrian Augeiae already named earlier in the Catalogue — same spelling, unrelated place."},{"surface":"ἐρατεινάς","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Αὐγειὰς","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b2-l584","source":"οἵ τʼ ἄρʼ Ἀμύκλας εἶχον Ἕλος τʼ ἔφαλον πτολίεθρον,","translation":"and they who held Amyclae and Helos, the citadel by the sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀμύκλας","lemma":"Ἀμύκλαι","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Amyclae"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Ἕλος","lemma":"Ἕλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"Helos","note":"This Laconian Helos is distinct from the Messenian Helos named a few lines later in the Pylos contingent — two different towns sharing a name."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφαλον","lemma":"ἔφαλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"by the sea"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b2-l585","source":"οἵ τε Λάαν εἶχον ἠδʼ Οἴτυλον ἀμφενέμοντο,","translation":"and they who held Laas, and dwelt about Oetylus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λάαν","lemma":"Λάας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἶχον","gloss":"Laas"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Οἴτυλον","lemma":"Οἴτυλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφενέμοντο","gloss":"Oetylus"},{"surface":"ἀμφενέμοντο","lemma":"ἀμφινέμομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"dwelt about"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b2-l586","source":"τῶν οἱ ἀδελφεὸς ἦρχε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος","translation":"of these their leader was his brother, Menelaus, good at the war-cry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀδελφεὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἀδελφεὸς","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b2-l587","source":"ἑξήκοντα νεῶν· ἀπάτερθε δὲ θωρήσσοντο·","translation":"with sixty ships; and they armed apart from the rest;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξήκοντα","lemma":"ἑξήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νεῶν","gloss":"sixty"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀπάτερθε","lemma":"ἀπάτερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσοντο","gloss":"apart from the rest"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θωρήσσοντο","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b2-l588","source":"ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς κίεν ᾗσι προθυμίῃσι πεποιθὼς","translation":"and among them he himself went, trusting in his own eagerness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"κίεν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies προθυμίῃσι","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"προθυμίῃσι","lemma":"προθυμία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πεποιθὼς","gloss":"eagerness"},{"surface":"πεποιθὼς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b2-l589","source":"ὀτρύνων πόλεμον δέ· μάλιστα δὲ ἵετο θυμῷ","translation":"urging them on to war; and above all his heart longed","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνων","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"urging on"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to","note":"The word division \"πόλεμον δέ\" hides the fossilized directional suffix -δε (\"war-ward\"), not the particle δέ — it gives πόλεμον the sense \"to war,\" matching the fixed-suffix convention rather than a coordinating particle."},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵετο","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵετο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longed"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἵετο","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b2-l590","source":"τίσασθαι Ἑλένης ὁρμήματά τε στοναχάς τε.","translation":"to avenge Helen's struggles and her groaning.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίσασθαι","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἵετο","gloss":"to avenge"},{"surface":"Ἑλένης","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τίσασθαι","gloss":"Helen's"},{"surface":"ὁρμήματά","lemma":"ὅρμημα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"struggles"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στοναχάς","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b2-l591","source":"οἳ δὲ Πύλον τʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Ἀρήνην ἐρατεινὴν","translation":"And they who dwelt in Pylos and lovely Arene","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέμοντο","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"dwelt in"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀρήνην","lemma":"Ἀρήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Arene"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινὴν","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρήνην","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b2-l592","source":"καὶ Θρύον Ἀλφειοῖο πόρον καὶ ἐΰκτιτον Αἰπὺ","translation":"and Thryum, the ford of the Alpheus, and well-built Aipy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θρύον","lemma":"Θρύον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"Thryum"},{"surface":"Ἀλφειοῖο","lemma":"Ἀλφειός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόρον","gloss":"of the Alpheus"},{"surface":"πόρον","lemma":"πόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the ford"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐΰκτιτον","lemma":"ἐύκτιτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Αἰπὺ","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"Αἰπὺ","lemma":"Αἰπύ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Aipy"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b2-l593","source":"καὶ Κυπαρισσήεντα καὶ Ἀμφιγένειαν ἔναιον","translation":"and dwelt in Cyparisseis and Amphigeneia,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κυπαρισσήεντα","lemma":"Κυπαρισσήεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Cyparisseis"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀμφιγένειαν","lemma":"Ἀμφιγένεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Amphigeneia"},{"surface":"ἔναιον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"dwelt in"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b2-l594","source":"καὶ Πτελεὸν καὶ Ἕλος καὶ Δώριον, ἔνθά τε Μοῦσαι","translation":"and Pteleum and Helos and Dorion, where the Muses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l594.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἕλος","title":"A second Helos","body":"This Helos, among the Pylian towns of Nestor's realm, is a different place from the Laconian Helos, the seaside citadel already named in Menelaus's contingent (2.584) — another of the Catalogue's repeated place-names, distinguished only by context."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πτελεὸν","lemma":"Πτελεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pteleum"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕλος","lemma":"Ἕλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Helos"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δώριον","lemma":"Δώριον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Dorion"},{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παῦσαν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Μοῦσαι","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of παῦσαν","gloss":"the Muses"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b2-l595","source":"ἀντόμεναι Θάμυριν τὸν Θρήϊκα παῦσαν ἀοιδῆς","translation":"met Thamyris the Thracian and made him cease from singing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντόμεναι","lemma":"ἄντομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to παῦσαν","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"Θάμυριν","lemma":"Θάμυρις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παῦσαν","gloss":"Thamyris","note":"Thamyris the Thracian bard's boast against the Muses, and his blinding and silencing for it, is one of the Catalogue's few full narrative digressions rather than a bare place-list."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Θρήϊκα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Θρήϊκα","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Θάμυριν","gloss":"Thracian"},{"surface":"παῦσαν","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δώριον","gloss":"made cease"},{"surface":"ἀοιδῆς","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of παῦσαν","gloss":"from singing"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b2-l596","source":"Οἰχαλίηθεν ἰόντα παρʼ Εὐρύτου Οἰχαλιῆος·","translation":"as he came from Oechalia, from Eurytus of Oechalia;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Οἰχαλίηθεν","lemma":"Οἰχαλίηθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰόντα","gloss":"from Oechalia"},{"surface":"ἰόντα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Θάμυριν","gloss":"as he came"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Εὐρύτου","lemma":"Εὔρυτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Eurytus","note":"This Eurytus of Oechalia, Thamyris's host, is a different man from the Eurytus, son of Actor, who fathers one of the Epeian leaders later in this Catalogue (l621)."},{"surface":"Οἰχαλιῆος","lemma":"Οἰχαλιεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρύτου","gloss":"of Oechalia"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b2-l597","source":"στεῦτο γὰρ εὐχόμενος νικησέμεν εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ","translation":"for he boasted that he would win, even if the Muses themselves,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στεῦτο","lemma":"στεῦμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"boasted"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στεῦτο","gloss":"boasting"},{"surface":"νικησέμεν","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of στεῦτο","gloss":"to win"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αὐταὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b2-l598","source":"Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν κοῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο·","translation":"daughters of aegis-bearing Zeus, should sing against him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μοῦσαι","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the Muses"},{"surface":"ἀείδοιεν","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should sing"},{"surface":"κοῦραι","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κοῦραι","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b2-l599","source":"αἳ δὲ χολωσάμεναι πηρὸν θέσαν, αὐτὰρ ἀοιδὴν","translation":"but they, in their anger, made him maimed, and his singing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of θέσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χολωσάμεναι","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to θέσαν","gloss":"in their anger"},{"surface":"πηρὸν","lemma":"πηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of θέσαν","gloss":"maimed"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὴν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφέλοντο","gloss":"singing"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b2-l600","source":"θεσπεσίην ἀφέλοντο καὶ ἐκλέλαθον κιθαριστύν·","translation":"his god-given singing, they took from him, and made him forget the lyre.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεσπεσίην","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὴν","gloss":"god-given"},{"surface":"ἀφέλοντο","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took away"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκλέλαθον","lemma":"ἐκλανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made him forget"},{"surface":"κιθαριστύν","lemma":"κιθαριστύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκλέλαθον","gloss":"the lyre"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b2-l601","source":"τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Of these Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, was leader;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b2-l602","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐνενήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.","translation":"with him ninety hollow ships stood ranged in line.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l602.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλαφυραὶ νέες","title":"\"Hollow ships\" formula","body":"γλαφυραὶ νέες, \"hollow ships,\" is a variant fleet-epithet alongside μέλαιναι νῆες \"black ships\"; it recurred already at line 516 for the Orchomenus contingent (\"thirty hollow ships stood ranged in line\") and is held here to the same wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐνενήκοντα","lemma":"ἐνενήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"ninety"},{"surface":"γλαφυραὶ","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"νέες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐστιχόωντο","lemma":"στιχάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood ranged in line"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b2-l603","source":"οἳ δʼ ἔχον Ἀρκαδίην ὑπὸ Κυλλήνης ὄρος αἰπὺ","translation":"And they who held Arcadia, beneath steep Mount Cyllene,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Ἀρκαδίην","lemma":"Ἀρκαδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"Arcadia"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Κυλλήνης","lemma":"Κυλλήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"Cyllene"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ὑπὸ","gloss":"Mount"},{"surface":"αἰπὺ","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"steep"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b2-l604","source":"Αἰπύτιον παρὰ τύμβον ἵνʼ ἀνέρες ἀγχιμαχηταί,","translation":"beside the tomb of Aepytus, where men fight hand to hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰπύτιον","lemma":"Αἰπύτιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τύμβον","gloss":"of Aepytus"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τύμβον","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παρὰ","gloss":"the tomb"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀγχιμαχηταί","lemma":"ἀγχιμαχητής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"fight hand to hand"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b2-l605","source":"οἳ Φενεόν τʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Ὀρχομενὸν πολύμηλον","translation":"and they who dwelt in Pheneos and Orchomenus rich in flocks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l605.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ὀρχομενὸν","title":"A second Orchomenus","body":"This Arcadian Orchomenus, rich in flocks, is a different town from Boeotian Orchomenus of the Minyans named earlier in the Catalogue (2.511) — one of several place-names Homer's Greece repeats across regions."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέμοντο","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"Φενεόν","lemma":"Φενεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pheneos"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"dwelt in"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀρχομενὸν","lemma":"Ὀρχομενός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Orchomenus","note":"This Arcadian Orchomenus is a homonym of the Boeotian Orchomenus of the Minyans named earlier in the Catalogue — different places, same name."},{"surface":"πολύμηλον","lemma":"πολύμηλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀρχομενὸν","gloss":"rich in flocks"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b2-l606","source":"Ῥίπην τε Στρατίην τε καὶ ἠνεμόεσσαν Ἐνίσπην","translation":"and Rhipe and Stratie and windy Enispe,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ῥίπην","lemma":"Ῥίπη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Rhipe"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Στρατίην","lemma":"Στρατίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Stratie"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠνεμόεσσαν","lemma":"ἠνεμόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐνίσπην","gloss":"windy"},{"surface":"Ἐνίσπην","lemma":"Ἐνίσπη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Enispe"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b2-l607","source":"καὶ Τεγέην εἶχον καὶ Μαντινέην ἐρατεινὴν","translation":"and held Tegea and lovely Mantinea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l607.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τεγέην","lemma":"Τεγέα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Tegea"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μαντινέην","lemma":"Μαντινέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Mantinea"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινὴν","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μαντινέην","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b2-l608","source":"Στύμφηλόν τʼ εἶχον καὶ Παρρασίην ἐνέμοντο,","translation":"and held Stymphalus and dwelt in Parrhasia,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Στύμφηλόν","lemma":"Στύμφαλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἶχον","gloss":"Stymphalus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Παρρασίην","lemma":"Παρρασίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνέμοντο","gloss":"Parrhasia"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"dwelt in"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b2-l609","source":"τῶν ἦρχʼ Ἀγκαίοιο πάϊς κρείων Ἀγαπήνωρ","translation":"of these the lord Agapenor, son of Ancaeus, was leader,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Ἀγκαίοιο","lemma":"Ἀγκαῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Ancaeus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαπήνωρ","gloss":"the lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαπήνωρ","lemma":"Ἀγαπήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Agapenor"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b2-l610","source":"ἑξήκοντα νεῶν· πολέες δʼ ἐν νηῒ ἑκάστῃ","translation":"with sixty ships; and in each ship many","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξήκοντα","lemma":"ἑξήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νεῶν","gloss":"sixty"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦρχ̓","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῃ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b2-l611","source":"Ἀρκάδες ἄνδρες ἔβαινον ἐπιστάμενοι πολεμίζειν.","translation":"Arcadian men embarked, skilled in warfare.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀρκάδες","lemma":"Ἀρκάς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"Arcadian"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαινον","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔβαινον","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"embarked"},{"surface":"ἐπιστάμενοι","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπιστάμενοι","gloss":"in warfare"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b2-l612","source":"αὐτὸς γάρ σφιν δῶκεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"for Agamemnon, lord of men, himself had given them","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b2-l613","source":"νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους περάαν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον","translation":"the well-benched ships to cross the wine-dark sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμους","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"περάαν","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to cross"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"οἴνοπα","lemma":"οἶνοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"wine-dark"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b2-l614","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης, ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι θαλάσσια ἔργα μεμήλει.","translation":"the son of Atreus, since seafaring works were no concern of theirs.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μεμήλει","gloss":"of theirs"},{"surface":"θαλάσσια","lemma":"θαλάσσιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"seafaring"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of μεμήλει","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"μεμήλει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"were a concern"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b2-l615","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄρα Βουπράσιόν τε καὶ Ἤλιδα δῖαν ἔναιον","translation":"And they who dwelt in Buprasium and godlike Elis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔναιον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Βουπράσιόν","lemma":"Βουπράσιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Buprasium"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἤλιδα","lemma":"Ἦλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Elis"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἤλιδα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἔναιον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"dwelt in"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b2-l616","source":"ὅσσον ἐφʼ Ὑρμίνη καὶ Μύρσινος ἐσχατόωσα","translation":"as much as Hyrmine and Myrsinus at the border","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l616.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐέργει","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ὑρμίνη","lemma":"Ὑρμίνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hyrmine"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μύρσινος","lemma":"Μύρσινος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Myrsinus"},{"surface":"ἐσχατόωσα","lemma":"ἐσχατάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies Μύρσινος","gloss":"at the border"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b2-l617","source":"πέτρη τʼ Ὠλενίη καὶ Ἀλήσιον ἐντὸς ἐέργει,","translation":"and the Olenian Rock and Alesium enclose within,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l617.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέτρη","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Rock"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὠλενίη","lemma":"Ὠλενίη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πέτρη","gloss":"Olenian"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλήσιον","lemma":"Ἀλήσιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Alesium"},{"surface":"ἐντὸς","lemma":"ἐντός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐέργει","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐέργει","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object","gloss":"enclose"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b2-l618","source":"τῶν αὖ τέσσαρες ἀρχοὶ ἔσαν, δέκα δʼ ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ","translation":"of these there were four leaders, and to each man ten","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l618.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀρχοὶ","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τέσσαρες","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρχοὶ","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"ἀρχοὶ","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕποντο","gloss":"to man"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b2-l619","source":"νῆες ἕποντο θοαί, πολέες δʼ ἔμβαινον Ἐπειοί.","translation":"swift ships followed, and many Epeians embarked in them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l619.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τέσσαρες ἀρχοὶ ... δέκα δʼ ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ","title":"A contingent with four co-equal leaders","body":"The Epeian contingent has no single commander; the Catalogue instead distributes its forty ships evenly, ten to each of four named leaders (Amphimachus, Thalpius, Diores, Polyxenus) — a rarer arrangement than the usual single chieftain."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"θοαί","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπειοί","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμβαινον","lemma":"ἐμβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"embarked"},{"surface":"Ἐπειοί","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔμβαινον","gloss":"Epeians"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b2-l620","source":"τῶν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἀμφίμαχος καὶ Θάλπιος ἡγησάσθην","translation":"Of these Amphimachus and Thalpius led one part,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγησάσθην","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίμαχος","lemma":"Ἀμφίμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Amphimachus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θάλπιος","lemma":"Θάλπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Thalpius"},{"surface":"ἡγησάσθην","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b2-l621","source":"υἷες ὃ μὲν Κτεάτου, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ Εὐρύτου, Ἀκτορίωνε·","translation":"sons, the one of Cteatus, the other of Eurytus, sons of Actor;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"Κτεάτου","lemma":"Κτέατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Cteatus"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Εὐρύτου","lemma":"Εὔρυτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Eurytus"},{"surface":"Ἀκτορίωνε","lemma":"Ἀκτορίων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"sons of Actor","note":"This Eurytus, son of Actor, is a different man from Eurytus of Oechalia named earlier in the Catalogue (l596); likewise this Actor is distinct from the Boeotian Actor, son of Azeus, named earlier still."}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b2-l622","source":"τῶν δʼ Ἀμαρυγκεΐδης ἦρχε κρατερὸς Διώρης·","translation":"of another part mighty Diores, son of Amarynceus, was leader;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of another part"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀμαρυγκεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀμαρυγκείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διώρης","gloss":"son of Amarynceus"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διώρης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διώρης","lemma":"Διώρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Diores"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b2-l623","source":"τῶν δὲ τετάρτων ἦρχε Πολύξεινος θεοειδὴς","translation":"and of the fourth part godlike Polyxenus was leader,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies τετάρτων","gloss":"of the part"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τετάρτων","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Πολύξεινος","lemma":"Πολύξεινος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Polyxenus"},{"surface":"θεοειδὴς","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολύξεινος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b2-l624","source":"υἱὸς Ἀγασθένεος Αὐγηϊάδαο ἄνακτος.","translation":"son of the lord Agasthenes, son of Augeas.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀγασθένεος","lemma":"Ἀγασθένης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Agasthenes"},{"surface":"Αὐγηϊάδαο","lemma":"Αὐγηιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγασθένεος","gloss":"son of Augeas"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγασθένεος","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b2-l625","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐκ Δουλιχίοιο Ἐχινάων θʼ ἱεράων","translation":"And they from Dulichium and the sacred Echinean","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l625.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Δουλιχίοιο","lemma":"Δουλίχιον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Dulichium"},{"surface":"Ἐχινάων","lemma":"Ἐχῖναι","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Echinean"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱεράων","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήσων","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b2-l626","source":"νήσων, αἳ ναίουσι πέρην ἁλὸς Ἤλιδος ἄντα,","translation":"islands, which lie across the sea, facing Elis,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήσων","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"islands"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ναίουσι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ναίουσι","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νήσων","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"πέρην","lemma":"πέραν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέρην","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"Ἤλιδος","lemma":"Ἦλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄντα","gloss":"Elis"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"facing"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b2-l627","source":"τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε Μέγης ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ","translation":"of these Meges, the equal of Ares, was leader,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l627.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Μέγης","lemma":"Μέγης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"Meges"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μέγης","gloss":"the equal","note":"Meges is \"the equal of Ares\" (martial valor), a distinct comparison from Odysseus's \"the equal of Zeus in counsel\" a few lines later (l636) — same ἀτάλαντος construction, different referent and different quality praised."},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b2-l628","source":"Φυλεΐδης, ὃν τίκτε Διῒ φίλος ἱππότα Φυλεύς,","translation":"son of Phyleus, whom Phyleus, dear to Zeus, the horseman, begot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l628.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φυλεΐδης","lemma":"Φυλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μέγης","gloss":"son of Phyleus"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίκτε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τίκτε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Μέγης","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φίλος","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φυλεύς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the horseman"},{"surface":"Φυλεύς","lemma":"Φυλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Phyleus"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b2-l629","source":"ὅς ποτε Δουλίχιον δʼ ἀπενάσσατο πατρὶ χολωθείς·","translation":"who once had removed to Dulichium, angered at his father;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l629.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπενάσσατο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἀπενάσσατο","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Δουλίχιον","lemma":"Δουλίχιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπενάσσατο","gloss":"to Dulichium"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀπενάσσατο","lemma":"ἀποναίω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Μέγης","gloss":"had removed"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χολωθείς","gloss":"at his father"},{"surface":"χολωθείς","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπενάσσατο","gloss":"angered"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b2-l630","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.","translation":"with him followed forty black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l630.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεσσαράκοντα","lemma":"τεσσαράκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b2-l631","source":"αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἦγε Κεφαλλῆνας μεγαθύμους,","translation":"But Odysseus led the great-hearted Cephallenians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦγε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἦγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"Κεφαλλῆνας","lemma":"Κεφαλλήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦγε","gloss":"Cephallenians"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμους","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κεφαλλῆνας","gloss":"great-hearted"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b2-l632","source":"οἵ ῥʼ Ἰθάκην εἶχον καὶ Νήριτον εἰνοσίφυλλον","translation":"who held Ithaca and Neritum with its trembling leaves,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νήριτον","lemma":"Νήριτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Neritum"},{"surface":"εἰνοσίφυλλον","lemma":"εἰνοσίφυλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νήριτον","gloss":"with its trembling leaves"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b2-l633","source":"καὶ Κροκύλειʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Αἰγίλιπα τρηχεῖαν,","translation":"and dwelt in Crocylea and rugged Aegilips,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κροκύλει","lemma":"Κροκύλεια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Crocylea"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"dwelt in"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰγίλιπα","lemma":"Αἰγίλιψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Aegilips"},{"surface":"τρηχεῖαν","lemma":"τραχύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰγίλιπα","gloss":"rugged"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b2-l634","source":"οἵ τε Ζάκυνθον ἔχον ἠδʼ οἳ Σάμον ἀμφενέμοντο,","translation":"and they who held Zacynthus, and they who dwelt about Samos,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l634.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Σάμον","title":"Same, not Samos","body":"This \"Samos\" is the small island near Ithaca that later Greek usage called Same (in the region of modern Cephalonia), not the larger Aegean island of the same name off Ionia — a recurring puzzle for readers of the Catalogue, since Homer's geography and later Greek naming do not map one to one."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζάκυνθον","lemma":"Ζάκυνθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"Zacynthus"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφενέμοντο","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"Σάμον","lemma":"Σάμος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφενέμοντο","gloss":"Samos","note":"Kept as the Homeric \"Samos\" per the Greek rather than the later name Same — likely the island near Ithaca, not Aegean Samos."},{"surface":"ἀμφενέμοντο","lemma":"ἀμφινέμομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"dwelt about"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b2-l635","source":"οἵ τʼ ἤπειρον ἔχον ἠδʼ ἀντιπέραιʼ ἐνέμοντο·","translation":"and they who held the mainland and dwelt on the shore across;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l635.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤπειρον","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"the mainland"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντιπέραι","lemma":"ἀντιπέραιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνέμοντο","gloss":"on the shore across"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"dwelt"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b2-l636","source":"τῶν μὲν Ὀδυσσεὺς ἦρχε Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντος·","translation":"of these Odysseus was leader, the equal of Zeus in counsel;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"in counsel"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"the equal"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b2-l637","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμα νῆες ἕποντο δυώδεκα μιλτοπάρῃοι.","translation":"with him followed twelve ships, red-cheeked.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l637.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μιλτοπάρῃοι","title":"\"Red-cheeked\" ships","body":"μιλτοπάρῃοι, \"vermilion-cheeked,\" describes ships with their bows painted red at the waterline — a second fleet-epithet distinct from the more common μέλαιναι νῆες \"black ships,\" naming a different part of the hull's coloring."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"δυώδεκα","lemma":"δυώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"μιλτοπάρῃοι","lemma":"μιλτοπάρῃος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"red-cheeked"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b2-l638","source":"Αἰτωλῶν δʼ ἡγεῖτο Θόας Ἀνδραίμονος υἱός,","translation":"And of the Aetolians Thoas, son of Andraemon, was leader,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l638.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰτωλῶν","lemma":"Αἰτωλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἡγεῖτο","gloss":"of the Aetolians"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡγεῖτο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Θόας","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thoas"},{"surface":"Ἀνδραίμονος","lemma":"Ἀνδραίμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Andraemon"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b2-l639","source":"οἳ Πλευρῶνʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Ὤλενον ἠδὲ Πυλήνην","translation":"who dwelt in Pleuron and Olenus and Pylene","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέμοντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Πλευρῶν","lemma":"Πλευρών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Pleuron"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Αἰτωλῶν","gloss":"dwelt in"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὤλενον","lemma":"Ὤλενος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Olenus"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πυλήνην","lemma":"Πυλήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Pylene"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b2-l640","source":"Χαλκίδα τʼ ἀγχίαλον Καλυδῶνά τε πετρήεσσαν·","translation":"and Chalcis by the sea and rocky Calydon;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l640.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Χαλκίδα","title":"A second Chalcis","body":"This Chalcis, in Aetolia by the sea, is a different town from the great Chalcis of Euboea named earlier in the Catalogue (2.537) — again the same place-name recurring in two regions."}],"words":[{"surface":"Χαλκίδα","lemma":"Χαλκίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Chalcis","note":"This Aetolian Chalcis is a homonym of the Euboean Chalcis named earlier in the Catalogue — different towns sharing a name."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγχίαλον","lemma":"ἀγχίαλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Χαλκίδα","gloss":"by the sea"},{"surface":"Καλυδῶνά","lemma":"Καλυδών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Calydon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πετρήεσσαν","lemma":"πετρήεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Καλυδῶνά","gloss":"rocky"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b2-l641","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ Οἰνῆος μεγαλήτορος υἱέες ἦσαν,","translation":"for the sons of great-hearted Oeneus no longer lived,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"Οἰνῆος","lemma":"Οἰνεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"of Oeneus"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορος","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Οἰνῆος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"υἱέες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lived"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b2-l642","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ αὐτὸς ἔην, θάνε δὲ ξανθὸς Μελέαγρος·","translation":"nor was he himself still living, and fair-haired Meleager was dead;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was living"},{"surface":"θάνε","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was dead"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μελέαγρος","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Μελέαγρος","lemma":"Μελέαγρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θάνε","gloss":"Meleager","note":"Meleager, hero of the Calydonian Boar hunt and Oeneus's son, is already dead by the time of the Trojan War — the reason leadership of the Aetolians falls to Thoas instead."}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b2-l643","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ πάντʼ ἐτέταλτο ἀνασσέμεν Αἰτωλοῖσι·","translation":"so upon Thoas was laid the whole charge to rule the Aetolians;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐτέταλτο","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon","note":"Tmesis: ἐπὶ...ἐτέταλτο is a single compound verb (ἐπιτέλλω, \"to lay a charge upon someone\") split across the line, as with the identical construction in Book 1 (b1-l25)."},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνασσέμεν","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"ἐτέταλτο","lemma":"τέλλω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was laid"},{"surface":"ἀνασσέμεν","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐτέταλτο","gloss":"to rule"},{"surface":"Αἰτωλοῖσι","lemma":"Αἰτωλός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνασσέμεν","gloss":"the Aetolians"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b2-l644","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.","translation":"with him followed forty black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεσσαράκοντα","lemma":"τεσσαράκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b2-l645","source":"Κρητῶν δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἡγεμόνευεν,","translation":"Of the Cretans Idomeneus, famed with the spear, was leader,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l645.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δουρὶ κλυτὸς","title":"\"Famed with the spear\"","body":"δουρὶ κλυτὸς, \"famed with the spear,\" is a new standing epithet for Idomeneus, repeated at lines 650 and 657; held to this exact wording wherever it recurs for him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Κρητῶν","lemma":"Κρής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευεν","gloss":"of the Cretans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευεν","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κλυτὸς","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδομενεὺς","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευεν","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b2-l646","source":"οἳ Κνωσόν τʼ εἶχον Γόρτυνά τε τειχιόεσσαν,","translation":"who held Knossos and well-walled Gortyn,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l646.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Κνωσόν","lemma":"Κνωσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Knossos"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Γόρτυνά","lemma":"Γόρτυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Gortyn"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τειχιόεσσαν","lemma":"τειχιόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Γόρτυνά","gloss":"well-walled"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b2-l647","source":"Λύκτον Μίλητόν τε καὶ ἀργινόεντα Λύκαστον","translation":"Lyctus and Miletus and chalky-white Lycastus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l647.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λύκτον","lemma":"Λύκτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Lyctus"},{"surface":"Μίλητόν","lemma":"Μίλητος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Miletus","note":"This Cretan Miletus is a homonym of the far more famous Ionian Miletus on the Asian coast — an unrelated place sharing the name."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργινόεντα","lemma":"ἀργινόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λύκαστον","gloss":"chalky-white"},{"surface":"Λύκαστον","lemma":"Λύκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Lycastus"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b2-l648","source":"Φαιστόν τε Ῥύτιόν τε, πόλεις εὖ ναιετοώσας,","translation":"and Phaestus and Rhytium, well-peopled cities,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φαιστόν","lemma":"Φαιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Phaestus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ῥύτιόν","lemma":"Ῥύτιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Rhytium"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλεις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιετοώσας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιετοώσας","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies πόλεις","gloss":"peopled"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b2-l649","source":"ἄλλοι θʼ οἳ Κρήτην ἑκατόμπολιν ἀμφενέμοντο.","translation":"and others who dwelt about Crete of the hundred cities.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l649.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφενέμοντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Κρήτην","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφενέμοντο","gloss":"Crete"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμπολιν","lemma":"ἑκατόμπολις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Κρήτην","gloss":"of the hundred cities"},{"surface":"ἀμφενέμοντο","lemma":"ἀμφινέμομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θ̓","gloss":"dwelt about"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b2-l650","source":"τῶν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἰδομενεὺς δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἡγεμόνευε","translation":"Of these Idomeneus, famed with the spear, was leader,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l650.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κλυτὸς","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδομενεὺς","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b2-l651","source":"Μηριόνης τʼ ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ·","translation":"and Meriones, a match for man-slaying Enyalius;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"a match"},{"surface":"Ἐνυαλίῳ","lemma":"Ἐνυάλιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"for Enyalius","note":"Enyalius was an old war-god, sometimes used as a byname of Ares and sometimes worshipped as a separate war-deity — being called \"a match for\" him is high martial praise for Meriones."},{"surface":"ἀνδρειφόντῃ","lemma":"ἀνδρειφόντης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἐνυαλίῳ","gloss":"man-slaying"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b2-l652","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἅμʼ ὀγδώκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.","translation":"with them followed eighty black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμ̓","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ὀγδώκοντα","lemma":"ὀγδοήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"eighty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b2-l653","source":"Τληπόλεμος δʼ Ἡρακλεΐδης ἠΰς τε μέγας τε","translation":"And Tlepolemus, son of Heracles, noble and tall,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τληπόλεμος","lemma":"Τληπόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγεν","gloss":"Tlepolemus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἡρακλεΐδης","lemma":"Ἡρακλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τληπόλεμος","gloss":"son of Heracles"},{"surface":"ἠΰς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b2-l654","source":"ἐκ Ῥόδου ἐννέα νῆας ἄγεν Ῥοδίων ἀγερώχων,","translation":"led nine ships from Rhodes, of the proud Rhodians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l654.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ῥόδου","lemma":"Ῥόδος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Rhodes"},{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"Ῥοδίων","lemma":"Ῥόδιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Rhodians"},{"surface":"ἀγερώχων","lemma":"ἀγέρωχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ῥοδίων","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b2-l655","source":"οἳ Ῥόδον ἀμφενέμοντο διὰ τρίχα κοσμηθέντες","translation":"who dwelt about Rhodes, ordered in three divisions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l655.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφενέμοντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ῥόδον","lemma":"Ῥόδος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφενέμοντο","gloss":"Rhodes"},{"surface":"ἀμφενέμοντο","lemma":"ἀμφινέμομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ῥοδίων","gloss":"dwelt about"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τρίχα","lemma":"τρίχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in three divisions"},{"surface":"κοσμηθέντες","lemma":"κοσμέω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφενέμοντο","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b2-l656","source":"Λίνδον Ἰηλυσόν τε καὶ ἀργινόεντα Κάμειρον.","translation":"Lindos and Ialysus and chalky-white Cameirus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l656.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λίνδον","lemma":"Λίνδος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Lindos"},{"surface":"Ἰηλυσόν","lemma":"Ἰηλυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Ialysus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργινόεντα","lemma":"ἀργινόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κάμειρον","gloss":"chalky-white"},{"surface":"Κάμειρον","lemma":"Κάμειρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Cameirus"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b2-l657","source":"τῶν μὲν Τληπόλεμος δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἡγεμόνευεν,","translation":"Of these Tlepolemus, famed with the spear, was leader,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l657.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευεν","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"Τληπόλεμος","lemma":"Τληπόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευεν","gloss":"Tlepolemus"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κλυτὸς","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τληπόλεμος","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευεν","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b2-l658","source":"ὃν τέκεν Ἀστυόχεια βίῃ Ἡρακληείῃ,","translation":"whom Astyocheia bore to the might of Heracles,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τέκεν","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τληπόλεμος","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Ἀστυόχεια","lemma":"Ἀστυόχεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκεν","gloss":"Astyocheia","note":"Astyocheia, Tlepolemus's mother, is a distinct name and person from Astyoche, mother of Ascalaphus and Ialmenus in the earlier Boeotian contingent."},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τέκεν","gloss":"to the might"},{"surface":"Ἡρακληείῃ","lemma":"Ἡράκλειος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίῃ","gloss":"of Heracles"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b2-l659","source":"τὴν ἄγετʼ ἐξ Ἐφύρης ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος","translation":"whom he had carried off from Ephyra, from the river Selleis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l659.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγετ̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἄγετ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀστυόχεια","gloss":"had carried off"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἐφύρης","lemma":"Ἐφύρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Ephyra","note":"This Thesprotian Ephyra, on the Selleis river, is distinct from the better-known Corinthian Ephyra."},{"surface":"ποταμοῦ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Σελλήεντος","lemma":"Σελλήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῦ","gloss":"Selleis"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b2-l660","source":"πέρσας ἄστεα πολλὰ διοτρεφέων αἰζηῶν.","translation":"after sacking many cities of Zeus-nurtured young men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l660.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέρσας","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγετ̓","gloss":"after sacking"},{"surface":"ἄστεα","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πέρσας","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέων","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰζηῶν","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"αἰζηῶν","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄστεα","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b2-l661","source":"Τληπόλεμος δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν τράφʼ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ,","translation":"But when Tlepolemus had grown up in the well-built hall,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τληπόλεμος","lemma":"Τληπόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέκτα","gloss":"Tlepolemus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τράφ","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had grown up"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάρῳ","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"εὐπήκτῳ","lemma":"εὔπηκτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μεγάρῳ","gloss":"well-built"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b2-l662","source":"αὐτίκα πατρὸς ἑοῖο φίλον μήτρωα κατέκτα","translation":"at once he killed his own father's dear maternal uncle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l662.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μήτρωα","title":"\"Maternal uncle,\" precisely","body":"μήτρωα, \"mother's brother,\" specifically names a maternal uncle, not any uncle; Licymnius (line 663) was the half-brother of Alcmene, Heracles' mother, and so the maternal uncle of Heracles himself, whose \"dear\" great-uncle Tlepolemus struck down."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέκτα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μήτρωα","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"ἑοῖο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μήτρωα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"μήτρωα","lemma":"μήτρως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"maternal uncle"},{"surface":"κατέκτα","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed","note":"The killing of his great-uncle Licymnius is why Tlepolemus flees Tiryns and founds the Rhodian settlement — the backstory behind why Heracles' grandson leads a contingent from Rhodes rather than the Argolid."}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b2-l663","source":"ἤδη γηράσκοντα Λικύμνιον ὄζον Ἄρηος·","translation":"Licymnius, scion of Ares, who was already growing old;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γηράσκοντα","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γηράσκοντα","lemma":"γηράσκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μήτρωα","gloss":"growing old"},{"surface":"Λικύμνιον","lemma":"Λικύμνιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Licymnius"},{"surface":"ὄζον","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"scion"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄζον","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b2-l664","source":"αἶψα δὲ νῆας ἔπηξε, πολὺν δʼ ὅ γε λαὸν ἀγείρας","translation":"and at once he built ships, and gathering a great host,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπηξε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπηξε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπηξε","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"built"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγείρας","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἀγείρας","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"gathering"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b2-l665","source":"βῆ φεύγων ἐπὶ πόντον· ἀπείλησαν γάρ οἱ ἄλλοι","translation":"went fleeing over the sea; for the others threatened him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"φεύγων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἀπείλησαν","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threatened"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπείλησαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"the others"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b2-l666","source":"υἱέες υἱωνοί τε βίης Ἡρακληείης.","translation":"the sons and grandsons of the might of Heracles.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l666.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱέες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"υἱωνοί","lemma":"υἱωνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"grandsons"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίης","lemma":"βία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies υἱωνοί","gloss":"of the might"},{"surface":"Ἡρακληείης","lemma":"Ἡράκλειος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίης","gloss":"of Heracles"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b2-l667","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἐς Ῥόδον ἷξεν ἀλώμενος ἄλγεα πάσχων·","translation":"But he came wandering to Rhodes, suffering hardships;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l667.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἷξεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ῥόδον","lemma":"Ῥόδος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Rhodes"},{"surface":"ἷξεν","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀλώμενος","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷξεν","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχων","gloss":"hardships"},{"surface":"πάσχων","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷξεν","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b2-l668","source":"τριχθὰ δὲ ᾤκηθεν καταφυλαδόν, ἠδὲ φίληθεν","translation":"and they settled there in three divisions by tribe, and were loved","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l668.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τριχθὰ","lemma":"τριχθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤκηθεν","gloss":"in three divisions"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾤκηθεν","lemma":"οἰκέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"καταφυλαδόν","lemma":"καταφυλαδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤκηθεν","gloss":"by tribe"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίληθεν","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were loved"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b2-l669","source":"ἐκ Διός, ὅς τε θεοῖσι καὶ ἀνθρώποισιν ἀνάσσει,","translation":"by Zeus, who rules over gods and men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάσσει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"over gods"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσει","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Διός","gloss":"rules"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b2-l670","source":"καί σφιν θεσπέσιον πλοῦτον κατέχευε Κρονίων.","translation":"and the son of Cronos poured down upon them wondrous wealth.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l670.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέχευε","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"θεσπέσιον","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πλοῦτον","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"πλοῦτον","lemma":"πλοῦτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατέχευε","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"κατέχευε","lemma":"καταχεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured down"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέχευε","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b2-l671","source":"Νιρεὺς αὖ Σύμηθεν ἄγε τρεῖς νῆας ἐΐσας","translation":"Nireus in turn led three well-matched ships from Symi,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l671.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νιρεὺς","lemma":"Νιρεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nireus"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Σύμηθεν","lemma":"Σύμη","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"from Symi"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐΐσας","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-matched"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b2-l672","source":"Νιρεὺς Ἀγλαΐης υἱὸς Χαρόποιό τʼ ἄνακτος","translation":"Nireus, son of Aglaia and lord Charopus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l672.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νιρεὺς","lemma":"Νιρεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nireus"},{"surface":"Ἀγλαΐης","lemma":"Ἀγλαία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"of Aglaia"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Χαρόποιό","lemma":"Χάροπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"of Charopus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Χαρόποιό","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b2-l673","source":"Νιρεύς, ὃς κάλλιστος ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθε","translation":"Nireus, who was the most beautiful man who had come to Ilion","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l673.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθε","title":"Echoing Thersites","body":"The half-line \"[superlative] man who had come to Ilion\" deliberately echoes line 216's description of Thersites as the ugliest man who had come to Ilion — the same formula frames the poem's ugliest and most beautiful men, so the English holds the earlier chunk's exact wording, \"had come to Ilion,\" for both."}],"words":[{"surface":"Νιρεύς","lemma":"Νιρεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nireus"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κάλλιστος","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"most beautiful"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Νιρεύς","gloss":"had come","note":"The recurring half-line formula \"[superlative] man who had come to Ilion\" pairs Nireus here with Thersites at line 216 (the ugliest); the wording \"had come to Ilion\" is held fixed across both."}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b2-l674","source":"τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα·","translation":"of all the other Danaans, after the blameless son of Peleus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κάλλιστος","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"son of Peleus","note":"Πηλεΐωνα is the patronymic for Achilles (\"son of Peleus\"), not a name of its own; Nireus was second in beauty only to him."}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b2-l675","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀλαπαδνὸς ἔην, παῦρος δέ οἱ εἵπετο λαός.","translation":"but he was weak, and few men followed him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀλαπαδνὸς","lemma":"ἀλαπαδνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weak"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"παῦρος","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαός","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἵπετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εἵπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"λαός","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἵπετο","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b2-l676","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄρα Νίσυρόν τʼ εἶχον Κράπαθόν τε Κάσον τε","translation":"And they who held Nisyros and Carpathus and Casus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l676.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Νίσυρόν","lemma":"Νίσυρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Nisyros"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Κράπαθόν","lemma":"Κάρπαθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Carpathus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κάσον","lemma":"Κάσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Casus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b2-l677","source":"καὶ Κῶν Εὐρυπύλοιο πόλιν νήσους τε Καλύδνας,","translation":"and Cos, city of Eurypylus, and the islands of Calydnae,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κῶν","lemma":"Κῶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Cos"},{"surface":"Εὐρυπύλοιο","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of Eurypylus"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"νήσους","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"islands"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Καλύδνας","lemma":"Καλύδναι","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νήσους","gloss":"Calydnae"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b2-l678","source":"τῶν αὖ Φείδιππός τε καὶ Ἄντιφος ἡγησάσθην","translation":"of these again Pheidippus and Antiphus were leaders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγησάσθην","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Φείδιππός","lemma":"Φείδιππος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Pheidippus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄντιφος","lemma":"Ἄντιφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Antiphus"},{"surface":"ἡγησάσθην","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leaders"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b2-l679","source":"Θεσσαλοῦ υἷε δύω Ἡρακλεΐδαο ἄνακτος·","translation":"two sons of lord Thessalus, son of Heracles;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l679.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Θεσσαλοῦ","lemma":"Θεσσαλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"of Thessalus"},{"surface":"υἷε","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Ἡρακλεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἡρακλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Θεσσαλοῦ","gloss":"son of Heracles"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Θεσσαλοῦ","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b2-l680","source":"τοῖς δὲ τριήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.","translation":"with them thirty hollow ships stood ranged in line.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l680.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τριήκοντα","lemma":"τριάκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"thirty"},{"surface":"γλαφυραὶ","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"νέες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐστιχόωντο","lemma":"στιχάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood ranged in line"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b2-l681","source":"νῦν αὖ τοὺς ὅσσοι τὸ Πελασγικὸν Ἄργος ἔναιον,","translation":"Now again those who dwelt in Pelasgian Argos,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l681.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔναιον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies Ἄργος","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Πελασγικὸν","lemma":"Πελασγικός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργος","gloss":"Pelasgian"},{"surface":"Ἄργος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔναιον","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"ἔναιον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"dwelt"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b2-l682","source":"οἵ τʼ Ἄλον οἵ τʼ Ἀλόπην οἵ τε Τρηχῖνα νέμοντο,","translation":"and those who held Alos and Alope and Trachis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄλον","lemma":"Ἄλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Alos"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλόπην","lemma":"Ἀλόπη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Alope"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νέμοντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρηχῖνα","lemma":"Τραχίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of νέμοντο","gloss":"Trachis"},{"surface":"νέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"held"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b2-l683","source":"οἵ τʼ εἶχον Φθίην ἠδʼ Ἑλλάδα καλλιγύναικα,","translation":"and those who held Phthia and Hellas of fair women,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Φθίην","lemma":"φθία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Phthia"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑλλάδα","lemma":"Ἑλλάς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Hellas"},{"surface":"καλλιγύναικα","lemma":"καλλιγύναικος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλλάδα","gloss":"of fair women"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b2-l684","source":"Μυρμιδόνες δὲ καλεῦντο καὶ Ἕλληνες καὶ Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"and were called Myrmidons and Hellenes and Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνες","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Myrmidons","note":"This one people is named three ways at once — Myrmidons, Hellenes, Achaeans — marking Achilles' contingent, kept distinct from the later national sense of \"Hellenes.\""},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλεῦντο","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"were called"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕλληνες","lemma":"Ἕλλην","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Hellenes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b2-l685","source":"τῶν αὖ πεντήκοντα νεῶν ἦν ἀρχὸς Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"of these in turn Achilles was commander of fifty ships.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l685.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νεῶν","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νεῶν","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχὸς","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀρχὸς","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"commander"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b2-l686","source":"ἀλλʼ οἵ γʼ οὐ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος ἐμνώοντο·","translation":"But these gave no thought to the dread-echoing war;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l686.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμνώοντο","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμνώοντο","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δυσηχέος","lemma":"δυσηχής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"dread-echoing"},{"surface":"ἐμνώοντο","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave thought to"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b2-l687","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔην ὅς τίς σφιν ἐπὶ στίχας ἡγήσαιτο·","translation":"for there was no one to lead them into the ranks;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἡγήσαιτο","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγήσαιτο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἡγήσαιτο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"lead"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b2-l688","source":"κεῖτο γὰρ ἐν νήεσσι ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"for swift-footed godlike Achilles lay among the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b2-l689","source":"κούρης χωόμενος Βρισηΐδος ἠϋκόμοιο,","translation":"angered over the lovely-haired girl Briseis,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l689.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠϋκόμοιο","title":"\"Lovely-haired\"","body":"ἠΰκομος, \"lovely-haired,\" is a distinct epithet from καλλιπάρῃος, \"fair-cheeked,\" already locked for Briseis and Chryseis in Book 1 — Homer draws on more than one standing phrase for the same woman."}],"words":[{"surface":"κούρης","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"Βρισηΐδος","lemma":"Βρισηίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Briseis"},{"surface":"ἠϋκόμοιο","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Βρισηΐδος","gloss":"lovely-haired"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b2-l690","source":"τὴν ἐκ Λυρνησσοῦ ἐξείλετο πολλὰ μογήσας","translation":"whom he had taken from Lyrnessus after much toil,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l690.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξείλετο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Λυρνησσοῦ","lemma":"Λυρνησσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Lyrnessus"},{"surface":"ἐξείλετο","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"had taken"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μογήσας","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"μογήσας","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξείλετο","gloss":"toil"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b2-l691","source":"Λυρνησσὸν διαπορθήσας καὶ τείχεα Θήβης,","translation":"when he had sacked Lyrnessus and the walls of Thebe,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λυρνησσὸν","lemma":"Λυρνησσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Lyrnessus"},{"surface":"διαπορθήσας","lemma":"διαπορθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξείλετο","gloss":"had sacked"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τείχεα","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"Θήβης","lemma":"Θήβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τείχεα","gloss":"Thebe","note":"This Cilician Thebe, sacked along with Lyrnessus, is a different city from Hypothebae (Lower Thebes) named earlier in the Catalogue and from the seven-gated Thebes of the Seven Against Thebes legend."}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b2-l692","source":"κὰδ δὲ Μύνητʼ ἔβαλεν καὶ Ἐπίστροφον ἐγχεσιμώρους,","translation":"and struck down Mynes and Epistrophus, both furious with the spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κὰδ is a tmesis preverb split from ἔβαλεν; together κατέβαλεν means \"struck down.\""},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μύνητ","lemma":"Μύνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Mynes"},{"surface":"ἔβαλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐπίστροφον","lemma":"Ἐπίστροφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Epistrophus","note":"This Epistrophus, son of Evenus, is a different man from the Phocian leader Epistrophus, son of Iphitus, named earlier in the Catalogue; a third Epistrophus (of the Halizones) appears later in Book 2."},{"surface":"ἐγχεσιμώρους","lemma":"ἐγχεσίμωρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"furious with the spear"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b2-l693","source":"υἱέας Εὐηνοῖο Σεληπιάδαο ἄνακτος·","translation":"sons of lord Evenus, son of Selepus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l693.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱέας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Εὐηνοῖο","lemma":"Εὐηνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέας","gloss":"of Evenus"},{"surface":"Σεληπιάδαο","lemma":"Σεληπιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐηνοῖο","gloss":"son of Selepus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐηνοῖο","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b2-l694","source":"τῆς ὅ γε κεῖτʼ ἀχέων, τάχα δʼ ἀνστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν.","translation":"for her he lay grieving, but before long he was to rise up.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀχέων","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖτ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ἀχέων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ̓","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλεν","gloss":"before long"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνστήσεσθαι","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"to rise up"},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was destined"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b2-l695","source":"οἳ δʼ εἶχον Φυλάκην καὶ Πύρασον ἀνθεμόεντα","translation":"And they who held Phylace and flowery Pyrasus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l695.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Φυλάκην","lemma":"Φυλάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"Phylace"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πύρασον","lemma":"Πύρασος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Pyrasus"},{"surface":"ἀνθεμόεντα","lemma":"ἀνθεμόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πύρασον","gloss":"flowery"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b2-l696","source":"Δήμητρος τέμενος, Ἴτωνά τε μητέρα μήλων,","translation":"the sanctuary of Demeter, and Iton, mother of flocks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δήμητρος","lemma":"Δημήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τέμενος","gloss":"of Demeter"},{"surface":"τέμενος","lemma":"τέμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"sanctuary"},{"surface":"Ἴτωνά","lemma":"Ἴτων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Iton"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"μήλων","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies μητέρα","gloss":"of flocks"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b2-l697","source":"ἀγχίαλόν τʼ Ἀντρῶνα ἰδὲ Πτελεὸν λεχεποίην,","translation":"and Antron by the sea and grassy Pteleos,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχίαλόν","lemma":"ἀγχίαλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντρῶνα","gloss":"by the sea"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντρῶνα","lemma":"Ἀντρών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"Antron"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πτελεὸν","lemma":"Πτελεός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"Pteleos"},{"surface":"λεχεποίην","lemma":"λεχεποίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πτελεὸν","gloss":"grassy"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b2-l698","source":"τῶν αὖ Πρωτεσίλαος ἀρήϊος ἡγεμόνευε","translation":"of these warlike Protesilaus was leader","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Πρωτεσίλαος","lemma":"Πρωτεσίλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"Protesilaus","note":"Protesilaus is famous as the first Achaean to leap ashore at Troy and the first to be killed there — the loss the poem returns to two lines later."},{"surface":"ἀρήϊος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρωτεσίλαος","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b2-l699","source":"ζωὸς ἐών· τότε δʼ ἤδη ἔχεν κάτα γαῖα μέλαινα.","translation":"while he yet lived; but now the black earth held him fast.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l699.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κάτα γαῖα μέλαινα","title":"\"The black earth\"","body":"\"The black earth held him fast\" is a Homeric euphemism for death and burial; it reuses the same color-word μέλαινα that describes the fleet's \"black ships\" elsewhere in the Catalogue, but names a different thing entirely."}],"words":[{"surface":"ζωὸς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"fast","note":"κάτα is a tmesis preverb split from ἔχεν; together κατέχω means \"hold fast.\""},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχεν","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"μέλαινα","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b2-l700","source":"τοῦ δὲ καὶ ἀμφιδρυφὴς ἄλοχος Φυλάκῃ ἐλέλειπτο","translation":"His wife too, her cheeks torn in grief, was left behind in Phylace,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄλοχος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἀμφιδρυφὴς","lemma":"ἀμφιδρυφής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχος","gloss":"cheeks torn in grief"},{"surface":"ἄλοχος","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"Φυλάκῃ","lemma":"Φυλάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐλέλειπτο","gloss":"in Phylace"},{"surface":"ἐλέλειπτο","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was left behind"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b2-l701","source":"καὶ δόμος ἡμιτελής· τὸν δʼ ἔκτανε Δάρδανος ἀνὴρ","translation":"and his house half-finished; a man of Dardania killed him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l701.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Δάρδανος ἀνὴρ","title":"\"A man of Dardania,\" not a name","body":"Δάρδανος ἀνὴρ is an ethnic designation, \"a man of the Dardanians\" (a Trojan-allied people), not the personal name Dardanus; Protesilaus's killer is left anonymous, identified only by his people."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόμος","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἡμιτελής","lemma":"ἡμιτελής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμος","gloss":"half-finished"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκτανε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔκτανε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"Δάρδανος","lemma":"Δάρδανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"of Dardania","note":"\"A man of Dardania\" is an ethnic phrase (a Dardanian, one of Troy's allies), not the personal name Dardanus; Homer leaves Protesilaus's killer unnamed."},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκτανε","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b2-l702","source":"νηὸς ἀποθρῴσκοντα πολὺ πρώτιστον Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"as he leaped from his ship, by far the first of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποθρῴσκοντα","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἀποθρῴσκοντα","lemma":"ἀποθρώσκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"leaped from"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"πρώτιστον","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πρώτιστον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b2-l703","source":"οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδʼ οἳ ἄναρχοι ἔσαν, πόθεόν γε μὲν ἀρχόν·","translation":"Nor were they at all leaderless, yet they longed for their leader;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ἄναρχοι","lemma":"ἄναρχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"leaderless"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"πόθεόν","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longed for"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀρχόν","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πόθεόν","gloss":"leader"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b2-l704","source":"ἀλλά σφεας κόσμησε Ποδάρκης ὄζος Ἄρηος","translation":"but Podarces, scion of Ares, marshaled them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κόσμησε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"κόσμησε","lemma":"κοσμέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marshaled"},{"surface":"Ποδάρκης","lemma":"Ποδάρκης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Podarces"},{"surface":"ὄζος","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"scion"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄζος","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b2-l705","source":"Ἰφίκλου υἱὸς πολυμήλου Φυλακίδαο","translation":"son of Iphiclus, rich in flocks, son of Phylacus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰφίκλου","lemma":"Ἴφικλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Iphiclus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"πολυμήλου","lemma":"πολύμηλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰφίκλου","gloss":"rich in flocks"},{"surface":"Φυλακίδαο","lemma":"Φυλακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰφίκλου","gloss":"son of Phylacus"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b2-l706","source":"αὐτοκασίγνητος μεγαθύμου Πρωτεσιλάου","translation":"own brother to great-hearted Protesilaus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοκασίγνητος","lemma":"αὐτοκασίγνητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποδάρκης","gloss":"own brother"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρωτεσιλάου","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Πρωτεσιλάου","lemma":"Πρωτεσίλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αὐτοκασίγνητος","gloss":"Protesilaus"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b2-l707","source":"ὁπλότερος γενεῇ· ὁ δʼ ἅμα πρότερος καὶ ἀρείων","translation":"younger in birth; but the other was both elder and braver,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l707.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πρότερος καὶ ἀρείων","title":"Comparative adjectives","body":"πρότερος, \"earlier/elder,\" and ἀρείων, \"better/braver,\" are both comparative forms; Homer measures Podarces against his dead brother twice over, first by birth-order and then by valor, before the lines insist yet again that Protesilaus was the better man — the repetition underscores what was lost."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὁπλότερος","lemma":"ὁπλότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies Ποδάρκης","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"γενεῇ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὁπλότερος","gloss":"in birth"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Πρωτεσίλαος","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"elder"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρείων","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"braver"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b2-l708","source":"ἥρως Πρωτεσίλαος ἀρήϊος· οὐδέ τι λαοὶ","translation":"the warlike hero Protesilaus; yet the men did not","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l708.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρωτεσίλαος","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Πρωτεσίλαος","lemma":"Πρωτεσίλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Protesilaus"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρωτεσίλαος","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δεύονθ̓","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δεύονθ̓","gloss":"the men"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b2-l709","source":"δεύονθʼ ἡγεμόνος, πόθεόν γε μὲν ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα·","translation":"lack a leader, though they longed for the noble man they had lost;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l709.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύονθ","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lack"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνος","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεύονθ̓","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"πόθεόν","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longed for"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of πόθεόν","gloss":"who was"}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b2-l710","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.","translation":"with him followed forty black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"τεσσαράκοντα","lemma":"τεσσαράκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b2-l711","source":"οἳ δὲ Φερὰς ἐνέμοντο παραὶ Βοιβηΐδα λίμνην","translation":"And they who dwelt in Pherae, beside Lake Boebeis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l711.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέμοντο","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φερὰς","lemma":"Φεραί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pherae"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"dwelt"},{"surface":"παραὶ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Βοιβηΐδα","lemma":"Βοιβηίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λίμνην","gloss":"Boebeis"},{"surface":"λίμνην","lemma":"λίμνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies παραὶ","gloss":"Lake"}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b2-l712","source":"Βοίβην καὶ Γλαφύρας καὶ ἐϋκτιμένην Ἰαωλκόν,","translation":"in Boebe and Glaphyrae and well-built Iolcus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l712.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Βοίβην","lemma":"Βοίβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Boebe"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Γλαφύρας","lemma":"Γλαφύραι","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Glaphyrae"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτιμένην","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰαωλκόν","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"Ἰαωλκόν","lemma":"Ἰαωλκός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Iolcus"}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b2-l713","source":"τῶν ἦρχʼ Ἀδμήτοιο φίλος πάϊς ἕνδεκα νηῶν","translation":"of these the dear son of Admetus was leader, of eleven ships,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l713.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Ἀδμήτοιο","lemma":"Ἄδμητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Admetus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἕνδεκα","lemma":"ἕνδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"eleven"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦρχ̓","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b2-l714","source":"Εὔμηλος, τὸν ὑπʼ Ἀδμήτῳ τέκε δῖα γυναικῶν","translation":"Eumelus, whom, to Admetus, the shining one among women bore —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l714.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δῖα γυναικῶν","title":"\"The shining one among women\"","body":"δῖα γυναικῶν pairs the same δῖος root already locked elsewhere as \"godlike\" (e.g. δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς) with γυναικῶν, \"of women\" — a standing honorific for a woman of high birth, describing radiance/distinction rather than moral character. Held to \"the shining one among women\" rather than an evaluative word like \"noblest,\" to keep it in the same rendering-family as the poem's other δῖος-derived epithets."}],"words":[{"surface":"Εὔμηλος","lemma":"Εὔμηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eumelus"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀδμήτῳ","lemma":"Ἄδμητος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"Admetus"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Εὔμηλος","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄλκηστις","gloss":"the shining one"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δῖα","gloss":"among women"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b2-l715","source":"Ἄλκηστις Πελίαο θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστη.","translation":"Alcestis, of the daughters of Pelias the fairest in form.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l715.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄλκηστις","lemma":"Ἄλκηστις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"Alcestis"},{"surface":"Πελίαο","lemma":"Πελίης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγατρῶν","gloss":"of Pelias"},{"surface":"θυγατρῶν","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀρίστη","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀρίστη","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ἄλκηστις","gloss":"fairest"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b2-l716","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄρα Μηθώνην καὶ Θαυμακίην ἐνέμοντο","translation":"And they who dwelt in Methone and Thaumacia","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l716.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέμοντο","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Μηθώνην","lemma":"Μηθώνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Methone"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θαυμακίην","lemma":"Θαυμακίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Thaumacia"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"dwelt"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b2-l717","source":"καὶ Μελίβοιαν ἔχον καὶ Ὀλιζῶνα τρηχεῖαν,","translation":"and held Meliboea and rugged Olizon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l717.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μελίβοιαν","lemma":"Μελίβοια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Meliboea"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀλιζῶνα","lemma":"Ὀλιζών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Olizon"},{"surface":"τρηχεῖαν","lemma":"τραχύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀλιζῶνα","gloss":"rugged"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b2-l718","source":"τῶν δὲ Φιλοκτήτης ἦρχεν τόξων ἐῢ εἰδὼς","translation":"of these Philoctetes was leader, well skilled with the bow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l718.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχεν","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Φιλοκτήτης","lemma":"Φιλοκτήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχεν","gloss":"Philoctetes"},{"surface":"ἦρχεν","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"τόξων","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰδὼς","gloss":"with the bow"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδὼς","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδὼς","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχεν","gloss":"skilled"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b2-l719","source":"ἑπτὰ νεῶν· ἐρέται δʼ ἐν ἑκάστῃ πεντήκοντα","translation":"of seven ships; and in each one fifty oarsmen","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑπτὰ","lemma":"ἑπτά","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νεῶν","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦρχεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐρέται","lemma":"ἐρέτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐμβέβασαν","gloss":"oarsmen"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῃ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"each one"},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἐρέται","gloss":"fifty"}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b2-l720","source":"ἐμβέβασαν τόξων εὖ εἰδότες ἶφι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"had embarked, men well skilled with the bow to fight with might.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l720.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμβέβασαν","lemma":"ἐμβαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had embarked"},{"surface":"τόξων","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"with the bow"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδότες","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδότες","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμβέβασαν","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"with might"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":721,"label":"721","id":"b2-l721","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν νήσῳ κεῖτο κρατέρʼ ἄλγεα πάσχων","translation":"But he lay on an island, suffering harsh agonies,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l721.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νήσῳ","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"an island"},{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"κρατέρ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχων","gloss":"agonies"},{"surface":"πάσχων","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b2-l722","source":"Λήμνῳ ἐν ἠγαθέῃ, ὅθι μιν λίπον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"on sacred Lemnos, where the sons of the Achaeans had left him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l722.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λήμνῳ","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠγαθέῃ","lemma":"ἠγάθεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λήμνῳ","gloss":"sacred","note":"Philoctetes was left behind here, wounded and abandoned, when the fleet sailed on to Troy — the famous marooning that later becomes Sophocles' subject."},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπον","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίπον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"λίπον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Λήμνῳ","gloss":"had left"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of λίπον","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b2-l723","source":"ἕλκεϊ μοχθίζοντα κακῷ ὀλοόφρονος ὕδρου·","translation":"tormented by the evil wound of a deadly water-snake;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l723.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκεϊ","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μοχθίζοντα","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"μοχθίζοντα","lemma":"μοχθίζω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"tormented"},{"surface":"κακῷ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕλκεϊ","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ὀλοόφρονος","lemma":"ὀλοόφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕδρου","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"ὕδρου","lemma":"ὕδρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕλκεϊ","gloss":"water-snake"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b2-l724","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ γε κεῖτʼ ἀχέων· τάχα δὲ μνήσεσθαι ἔμελλον","translation":"there he lay grieving; and soon the Argives were destined","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l724.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖτ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ἀχέων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ̓","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλον","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνήσεσθαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"to remember"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were destined"}]},{"number":725,"label":"725","id":"b2-l725","source":"Ἀργεῖοι παρὰ νηυσὶ Φιλοκτήταο ἄνακτος.","translation":"beside their ships to remember lord Philoctetes.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l725.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔμελλον","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Φιλοκτήταο","lemma":"Φιλοκτήτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνήσεσθαι","gloss":"Philoctetes"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φιλοκτήταο","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":726,"label":"726","id":"b2-l726","source":"οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδʼ οἳ ἄναρχοι ἔσαν, πόθεόν γε μὲν ἀρχόν·","translation":"Nor were they at all leaderless, yet they longed for their leader;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l726.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ἄναρχοι","lemma":"ἄναρχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"leaderless"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"πόθεόν","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longed for"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀρχόν","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πόθεόν","gloss":"leader"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b2-l727","source":"ἀλλὰ Μέδων κόσμησεν Ὀϊλῆος νόθος υἱός,","translation":"but Medon marshaled them, the bastard son of Oileus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l727.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Μέδων","lemma":"Μέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Medon"},{"surface":"κόσμησεν","lemma":"κοσμέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marshaled"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Oileus"},{"surface":"νόθος","lemma":"νόθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"bastard"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":728,"label":"728","id":"b2-l728","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἔτεκεν Ῥήνη ὑπʼ Ὀϊλῆϊ πτολιπόρθῳ.","translation":"whom Rhene bore to Oileus, sacker of cities.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l728.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πτολιπόρθῳ","title":"\"Sacker of cities,\" applied to Oileus","body":"πτολιπόρθος, \"sacker of cities,\" was already locked in this Catalogue as a standing epithet for Odysseus (line 278); here it is applied instead to Oileus, Ajax the lesser's father. The word is a generic honorific for martial success, not an exclusive formula bound to one hero, so both uses stand without conflict."}],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτεκεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτεκεν","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing υἱός","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Ῥήνη","lemma":"Ῥήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔτεκεν","gloss":"Rhene"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"Oileus"},{"surface":"πτολιπόρθῳ","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀϊλῆϊ","gloss":"sacker of cities"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b2-l729","source":"οἳ δʼ εἶχον Τρίκκην καὶ Ἰθώμην κλωμακόεσσαν,","translation":"And they who held Tricca and rugged Ithome,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l729.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Τρίκκην","lemma":"Τρίκκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Tricca"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰθώμην","lemma":"Ἰθώμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ithome"},{"surface":"κλωμακόεσσαν","lemma":"κλωμακόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθώμην","gloss":"rugged"}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b2-l730","source":"οἵ τʼ ἔχον Οἰχαλίην πόλιν Εὐρύτου Οἰχαλιῆος,","translation":"and those who held Oechalia, the city of Eurytus of Oechalia,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Οἰχαλίην","lemma":"Οἰχαλία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Oechalia"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"Εὐρύτου","lemma":"Εὔρυτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"Eurytus","note":"This Eurytus of Oechalia is distinct from the Eurytus, son of Actor, in the earlier Elis/Buprasium contingent (line 621)."},{"surface":"Οἰχαλιῆος","lemma":"Οἰχαλιεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρύτου","gloss":"of Oechalia"}]},{"number":731,"label":"731","id":"b2-l731","source":"τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγείσθην Ἀσκληπιοῦ δύο παῖδε","translation":"of these again the two sons of Asclepius were leaders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l731.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγείσθην","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἡγείσθην","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leaders"},{"surface":"Ἀσκληπιοῦ","lemma":"Ἀσκληπιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδε","gloss":"of Asclepius"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies παῖδε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"παῖδε","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"}]},{"number":732,"label":"732","id":"b2-l732","source":"ἰητῆρʼ ἀγαθὼ Ποδαλείριος ἠδὲ Μαχάων·","translation":"good healers both, Podalirius and Machaon;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l732.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰητῆρ","lemma":"ἰατήρ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"healers"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὼ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰητῆῤ","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Ποδαλείριος","lemma":"Ποδαλείριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Podalirius"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μαχάων","lemma":"Μαχάων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Machaon"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b2-l733","source":"τοῖς δὲ τριήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.","translation":"with them thirty hollow ships stood ranged in line.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l733.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τριήκοντα","lemma":"τριάκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"thirty"},{"surface":"γλαφυραὶ","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"νέες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιχόωντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐστιχόωντο","lemma":"στιχάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood ranged in line"}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b2-l734","source":"οἳ δʼ ἔχον Ὀρμένιον, οἵ τε κρήνην Ὑπέρειαν,","translation":"And they who held Ormenium, and the spring Hyperia,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l734.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Ὀρμένιον","lemma":"Ὀρμένιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"Ormenium"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρήνην","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"Ὑπέρειαν","lemma":"Ὑπέρεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κρήνην","gloss":"Hyperia"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b2-l735","source":"οἵ τʼ ἔχον Ἀστέριον Τιτάνοιό τε λευκὰ κάρηνα,","translation":"and those who held Asterium and the white crests of Titanus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l735.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Ἀστέριον","lemma":"Ἀστέριον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Asterium"},{"surface":"Τιτάνοιό","lemma":"Τίτανος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κάρηνα","gloss":"of Titanus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λευκὰ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάρηνα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"κάρηνα","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"crests"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b2-l736","source":"τῶν ἦρχʼ Εὐρύπυλος Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·","translation":"of these Eurypylus, the splendid son of Euaemon, was leader;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurypylus","note":"This is Eurypylus, son of Euaemon, distinguished by his patronymic from Eurypylus of Cos named earlier only as a place-epithet (line 677)."},{"surface":"Εὐαίμονος","lemma":"Εὐαίμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Euaemon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b2-l737","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.","translation":"with him followed forty black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l737.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"τεσσαράκοντα","lemma":"τεσσαράκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b2-l738","source":"οἳ δʼ Ἄργισσαν ἔχον καὶ Γυρτώνην ἐνέμοντο,","translation":"And they who held Argissa and dwelt in Gyrtone,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l738.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄργισσαν","lemma":"Ἄργισσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"Argissa"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Γυρτώνην","lemma":"Γυρτώνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Gyrtone"},{"surface":"ἐνέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"dwelt"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b2-l739","source":"Ὄρθην Ἠλώνην τε πόλιν τʼ Ὀλοοσσόνα λευκήν,","translation":"Orthe and Elone and the white city of Oloosson,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὄρθην","lemma":"Ὄρθη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Orthe"},{"surface":"Ἠλώνην","lemma":"Ἠλώνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Elone"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀλοοσσόνα","lemma":"Ὀλοοσσών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"Oloosson"},{"surface":"λευκήν","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b2-l740","source":"τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε μενεπτόλεμος Πολυποίτης","translation":"of these again steadfast-in-battle Polypoetes was commander,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l740.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μενεπτόλεμος","title":"\"Steadfast in battle\"","body":"μενεπτόλεμος, from μένω \"to stand firm\" and πτόλεμος \"war,\" names a hero who holds his ground under attack rather than one who charges; a new standing epithet, held to this exact wording here for Polypoetes and again below for the Perrhaebians (line 749)."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was commander"},{"surface":"μενεπτόλεμος","lemma":"μενεπτόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολυποίτης","gloss":"steadfast-in-battle"},{"surface":"Πολυποίτης","lemma":"Πολυποίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Polypoetes"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b2-l741","source":"υἱὸς Πειριθόοιο τὸν ἀθάνατος τέκετο Ζεύς·","translation":"son of Pirithous, whom immortal Zeus begot;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l741.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Πειριθόοιο","lemma":"Πειρίθοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Pirithous"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκετο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατος","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τέκετο","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πολυποίτης","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέκετο","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b2-l742","source":"τόν ῥʼ ὑπὸ Πειριθόῳ τέκετο κλυτὸς Ἱπποδάμεια","translation":"him renowned Hippodameia bore to Pirithous","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πειριθόῳ","lemma":"Πειρίθοος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Pirithous"},{"surface":"τέκετο","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἱπποδάμεια","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"Ἱπποδάμεια","lemma":"Ἱπποδάμεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκετο","gloss":"Hippodameia"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b2-l743","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτε Φῆρας ἐτίσατο λαχνήεντας,","translation":"on the day he took vengeance on the shaggy Centaurs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τέκετο","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτίσατο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Φῆρας","lemma":"φήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτίσατο","gloss":"Centaurs"},{"surface":"ἐτίσατο","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"took vengeance on"},{"surface":"λαχνήεντας","lemma":"λαχνήεις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φῆρας","gloss":"shaggy"}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b2-l744","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἐκ Πηλίου ὦσε καὶ Αἰθίκεσσι πέλασσεν·","translation":"and drove them from Pelion and forced them upon the Aethices;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l744.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Πηλίου","lemma":"Πήλιον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Pelion"},{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰθίκεσσι","lemma":"Αἴθικες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πέλασσεν","gloss":"the Aethices"},{"surface":"πέλασσεν","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"forced ... upon"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b2-l745","source":"οὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε Λεοντεὺς ὄζος Ἄρηος","translation":"not alone; with him was Leonteus, scion of Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l745.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Λεοντεὺς","lemma":"Λεοντεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Leonteus"},{"surface":"ὄζος","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"scion"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄζος","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b2-l746","source":"υἱὸς ὑπερθύμοιο Κορώνου Καινεΐδαο·","translation":"son of great-hearted Coronus, son of Caeneus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l746.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὑπερθύμοιο","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κορώνου","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Κορώνου","lemma":"Κόρωνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Coronus"},{"surface":"Καινεΐδαο","lemma":"Καινείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Κορώνου","gloss":"son of Caeneus"}]},{"number":747,"label":"747","id":"b2-l747","source":"τοῖς δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.","translation":"with them followed forty black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l747.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"τεσσαράκοντα","lemma":"τεσσαράκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":748,"label":"748","id":"b2-l748","source":"Γουνεὺς δʼ ἐκ Κύφου ἦγε δύω καὶ εἴκοσι νῆας·","translation":"And Guneus led twenty-two ships out of Cyphus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l748.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Γουνεὺς","lemma":"Γουνεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦγε","gloss":"Guneus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Κύφου","lemma":"Κύφος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Cyphus"},{"surface":"ἦγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἦγε","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":749,"label":"749","id":"b2-l749","source":"τῷ δʼ Ἐνιῆνες ἕποντο μενεπτόλεμοί τε Περαιβοὶ","translation":"with him followed the Enienes and the steadfast-in-battle Perrhaebians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l749.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕποντο","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ἐνιῆνες","lemma":"Ἐνιῆνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the Enienes"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"μενεπτόλεμοί","lemma":"μενεπτόλεμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Περαιβοὶ","gloss":"steadfast-in-battle"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Περαιβοὶ","lemma":"Περαιβοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Perrhaebians"}]},{"number":750,"label":"750","id":"b2-l750","source":"οἳ περὶ Δωδώνην δυσχείμερον οἰκίʼ ἔθεντο,","translation":"who made their homes about wintry Dodona,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l750.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθεντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Δωδώνην","lemma":"Δωδώνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"Dodona"},{"surface":"δυσχείμερον","lemma":"δυσχείμερος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Δωδώνην","gloss":"wintry"},{"surface":"οἰκί","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθεντο","gloss":"homes"},{"surface":"ἔθεντο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"made"}]},{"number":751,"label":"751","id":"b2-l751","source":"οἵ τʼ ἀμφʼ ἱμερτὸν Τιταρησσὸν ἔργα νέμοντο","translation":"and those who worked their fields about the lovely Titaresius,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l751.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νέμοντο","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"ἱμερτὸν","lemma":"ἱμερτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τιταρησσὸν","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"Τιταρησσὸν","lemma":"Τιταρησσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Titaresius"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of νέμοντο","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"νέμοντο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"worked"}]},{"number":752,"label":"752","id":"b2-l752","source":"ὅς ῥʼ ἐς Πηνειὸν προΐει καλλίρροον ὕδωρ,","translation":"which sends its fair-flowing water into the Peneus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l752.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προΐει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Πηνειὸν","lemma":"Πηνειός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Peneus"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀλλά","gloss":"sends"},{"surface":"καλλίρροον","lemma":"καλλίρροος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"fair-flowing"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":753,"label":"753","id":"b2-l753","source":"οὐδʼ ὅ γε Πηνειῷ συμμίσγεται ἀργυροδίνῃ,","translation":"yet it does not mingle with the silver eddies of the Peneus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l753.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of συμμίσγεται","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Πηνειῷ","lemma":"Πηνειός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of συμμίσγεται","gloss":"Peneus"},{"surface":"συμμίσγεται","lemma":"συμμίγνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀλλά","gloss":"mingle"},{"surface":"ἀργυροδίνῃ","lemma":"ἀργυροδίνης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηνειῷ","gloss":"silver eddies"}]},{"number":754,"label":"754","id":"b2-l754","source":"ἀλλά τέ μιν καθύπερθεν ἐπιρρέει ἠΰτʼ ἔλαιον·","translation":"but flows above it like oil;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l754.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιρρέει","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"καθύπερθεν","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιρρέει","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"ἐπιρρέει","lemma":"ἐπιρρέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀλλά","gloss":"flows"},{"surface":"ἠΰτ","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἔλαιον","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"oil"}]},{"number":755,"label":"755","id":"b2-l755","source":"ὅρκου γὰρ δεινοῦ Στυγὸς ὕδατός ἐστιν ἀπορρώξ.","translation":"for it is a branch of the terrible water of the Styx, the oath.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l755.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅρκου","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"oath"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δεινοῦ","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκου","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"Στυγὸς","lemma":"Στύξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Styx"},{"surface":"ὕδατός","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀπορρώξ","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀπορρώξ","lemma":"ἀπορρώξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"branch"}]},{"number":756,"label":"756","id":"b2-l756","source":"Μαγνήτων δʼ ἦρχε Πρόθοος Τενθρηδόνος υἱός,","translation":"And of the Magnesians Prothous, son of Tenthredon, was leader,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l756.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μαγνήτων","lemma":"Μάγνης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"Magnesians"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Πρόθοος","lemma":"Πρόθοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Prothous"},{"surface":"Τενθρηδόνος","lemma":"Τενθρηδών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Tenthredon"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":757,"label":"757","id":"b2-l757","source":"οἳ περὶ Πηνειὸν καὶ Πήλιον εἰνοσίφυλλον","translation":"who dwelt about the Peneus and leaf-shaking Pelion;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l757.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναίεσκον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Πηνειὸν","lemma":"Πηνειός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Peneus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πήλιον","lemma":"Πήλιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pelion"},{"surface":"εἰνοσίφυλλον","lemma":"εἰνοσίφυλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Πήλιον","gloss":"leaf-shaking"}]},{"number":758,"label":"758","id":"b2-l758","source":"ναίεσκον· τῶν μὲν Πρόθοος θοὸς ἡγεμόνευε,","translation":"of these swift Prothous was commander,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l758.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναίεσκον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Μαγνήτων","gloss":"dwelt"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Πρόθοος","lemma":"Πρόθοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"Prothous"},{"surface":"θοὸς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρόθοος","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was commander"}]},{"number":759,"label":"759","id":"b2-l759","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.","translation":"with him followed forty black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l759.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"τεσσαράκοντα","lemma":"τεσσαράκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"μέλαιναι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":760,"label":"760","id":"b2-l760","source":"οὗτοι ἄρʼ ἡγεμόνες Δαναῶν καὶ κοίρανοι ἦσαν·","translation":"These, then, were the leaders and commanders of the Danaans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l760.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗτοι","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνες","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγεμόνες","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κοίρανοι","lemma":"κοίρανος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"commanders","note":"This line formally closes the roll-call of contingents; the Catalogue now turns from ships and captains to naming the single best man and best horses among them."},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":761,"label":"761","id":"b2-l761","source":"τίς τὰρ τῶν ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἔην σύ μοι ἔννεπε Μοῦσα","translation":"who among them was far the best, tell me now, Muse,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l761.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τὰρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄριστος","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἔννεπε","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔννεπε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔννεπε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔννεπε","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"Μοῦσα","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Muse"}]},{"number":762,"label":"762","id":"b2-l762","source":"αὐτῶν ἠδʼ ἵππων, οἳ ἅμʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν ἕποντο.","translation":"of the men themselves and of the horses that followed with the sons of Atreus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l762.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"the men themselves"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"of the horses"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἅμ̓","gloss":"the sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":763,"label":"763","id":"b2-l763","source":"ἵπποι μὲν μέγʼ ἄρισται ἔσαν Φηρητιάδαο,","translation":"Far the best horses were those of the son of Pheres,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l763.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Φηρητιάδαο","title":"\"Son of Pheres\" — not the Centaurs","body":"Φηρητιάδης, \"son of Pheres,\" names Eumelus by his grandfather Pheres, Admetus's father (Homeric patronymics often skip a generation this way); it is unrelated to Φῆρες, \"Centaurs,\" the word used just above at line 743 — two different Greek words that happen to look alike once transliterated into English."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄρισται","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"Φηρητιάδαο","lemma":"Φηρητιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"son of Pheres","note":"A patronymic for Admetus, whose father was Pheres; these are the mares Apollo himself had reared, driven here by Eumelus."}]},{"number":764,"label":"764","id":"b2-l764","source":"τὰς Εὔμηλος ἔλαυνε ποδώκεας ὄρνιθας ὣς","translation":"which Eumelus drove, swift as birds,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l764.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλαυνε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Εὔμηλος","lemma":"Εὔμηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαυνε","gloss":"Eumelus"},{"surface":"ἔλαυνε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵπποι","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ποδώκεας","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ὄρνιθας","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"}]},{"number":765,"label":"765","id":"b2-l765","source":"ὄτριχας οἰέτεας σταφύλῇ ἐπὶ νῶτον ἐΐσας·","translation":"the same in coat, the same in age, matched to a plumb-line across their backs;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l765.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄτριχας","lemma":"ὄθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"the same in coat"},{"surface":"οἰέτεας","lemma":"οἰέτης","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"the same in age"},{"surface":"σταφύλῇ","lemma":"σταφύλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐΐσας","gloss":"plumb-line"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"νῶτον","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"backs"},{"surface":"ἐΐσας","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"matched"}]},{"number":766,"label":"766","id":"b2-l766","source":"τὰς ἐν Πηρείῃ θρέψʼ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"these, in Pereia, the god of the silver bow, Apollo, had reared,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l766.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of θρέψ̓","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Πηρείῃ","lemma":"Πηρείη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Pereia"},{"surface":"θρέψ","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had reared"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξος","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"the god of the silver bow"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θρέψ̓","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":767,"label":"767","id":"b2-l767","source":"ἄμφω θηλείας, φόβον Ἄρηος φορεούσας.","translation":"both mares, carrying the terror of Ares.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l767.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual feminine adjective","role":"modifies τὰς","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"θηλείας","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies τὰς","gloss":"mares"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φορεούσας","gloss":"terror"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φόβον","gloss":"of Ares"},{"surface":"φορεούσας","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies τὰς","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":768,"label":"768","id":"b2-l768","source":"ἀνδρῶν αὖ μέγʼ ἄριστος ἔην Τελαμώνιος Αἴας","translation":"Of men, again, far the best was Ajax, son of Telamon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l768.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄριστος","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Telamon"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":769,"label":"769","id":"b2-l769","source":"ὄφρʼ Ἀχιλεὺς μήνιεν· ὃ γὰρ πολὺ φέρτατος ἦεν,","translation":"while Achilles nursed his wrath; for he was far the mightiest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l769.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μήνιεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"μήνιεν","lemma":"μηνίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"nursed his wrath"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φέρτατος","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the mightiest"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":770,"label":"770","id":"b2-l770","source":"ἵπποι θʼ οἳ φορέεσκον ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα.","translation":"as were the horses that carried the blameless son of Peleus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l770.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φορέεσκον","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"φορέεσκον","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵπποι","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φορέεσκον","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":771,"label":"771","id":"b2-l771","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν νήεσσι κορωνίσι ποντοπόροισι","translation":"But he lay among the curved, sea-crossing ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l771.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖτ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κορωνίσι","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νήεσσι","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"ποντοπόροισι","lemma":"ποντόπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήεσσι","gloss":"sea-crossing"}]},{"number":772,"label":"772","id":"b2-l772","source":"κεῖτʼ ἀπομηνίσας Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν","translation":"nursing his wrath against Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l772.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀπομηνίσας","title":"μῆνις returns","body":"ἀπομηνίσας is built on the same root as μῆνις, the \"wrath\" named in the poem's very first word; here, deep into Book 2, the narrator quietly reminds the audience that the whole Catalogue and muster is unfolding in the shadow of that unresolved rage, since the man judged mightiest of all is holding himself apart from it."}],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ἀπομηνίσας","lemma":"ἀπομηνίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ̓","gloss":"nursing his wrath"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπομηνίσας","gloss":"against Agamemnon","note":"Bare dative object of the verb of anger ἀπομηνίσας (\"nursing wrath against\") — no separate preposition word carries the \"against\" sense, so it belongs on this noun; the name itself was previously dropped from the gloss."},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":773,"label":"773","id":"b2-l773","source":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ· λαοὶ δὲ παρὰ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης","translation":"the son of Atreus; and the people, along the breaking surf of the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l773.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τέρποντο","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"ῥηγμῖνι","lemma":"ῥηγμίν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"breaking surf"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ῥηγμῖνι","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":774,"label":"774","id":"b2-l774","source":"δίσκοισιν τέρποντο καὶ αἰγανέῃσιν ἱέντες","translation":"took their pleasure with discus and hurled javelins","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l774.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίσκοισιν","lemma":"δίσκος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"with discus"},{"surface":"τέρποντο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took their pleasure"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγανέῃσιν","lemma":"αἰγανέη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"javelins"},{"surface":"ἱέντες","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρποντο","gloss":"hurled"}]},{"number":775,"label":"775","id":"b2-l775","source":"τόξοισίν θʼ· ἵπποι δὲ παρʼ ἅρμασιν οἷσιν ἕκαστος","translation":"and with bows; and the horses, each beside his own chariot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l775.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξοισίν","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"with bows"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἅρμασιν","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμασιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":776,"label":"776","id":"b2-l776","source":"λωτὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι ἐλεόθρεπτόν τε σέλινον","translation":"cropping lotus and marsh-nourished celery,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l776.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λωτὸν","lemma":"λωτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"lotus"},{"surface":"ἐρεπτόμενοι","lemma":"ἐρέπτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"cropping"},{"surface":"ἐλεόθρεπτόν","lemma":"ἑλεόθρεπτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σέλινον","gloss":"marsh-nourished"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σέλινον","lemma":"σέλινον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"celery"}]},{"number":777,"label":"777","id":"b2-l777","source":"ἕστασαν· ἅρματα δʼ εὖ πεπυκασμένα κεῖτο ἀνάκτων","translation":"stood idle; and the chariots of their lords lay well covered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l777.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood idle"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"the chariots"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπυκασμένα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"πεπυκασμένα","lemma":"πυκάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ἀνάκτων","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίῃς","gloss":"of their lords"}]},{"number":778,"label":"778","id":"b2-l778","source":"ἐν κλισίῃς· οἳ δʼ ἀρχὸν ἀρηΐφιλον ποθέοντες","translation":"in the huts; and the men, longing for their war-loving leader,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l778.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃς","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φοίτων","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρχὸν","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποθέοντες","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀρηΐφιλον","lemma":"ἀρηίφιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρχὸν","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"ποθέοντες","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φοίτων","gloss":"longing for"}]},{"number":779,"label":"779","id":"b2-l779","source":"φοίτων ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα κατὰ στρατὸν οὐδὲ μάχοντο.","translation":"wandered here and there through the camp, and did not fight.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l779.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φοίτων","lemma":"φοιτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"μάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not fight","note":"The negating particle οὐδὲ (\"and not\") that governs this verb was not tagged as its own word in this line, so the negation must be carried in the verb's gloss to match the published translation, \"did not fight.\""}]},{"number":780,"label":"780","id":"b2-l780","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἴσαν ὡς εἴ τε πυρὶ χθὼν πᾶσα νέμοιτο·","translation":"But they marched on, as if the whole earth were being consumed by fire;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l780.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὡς εἴ τε πυρὶ χθὼν πᾶσα νέμοιτο","title":"Fire returns, on a larger scale","body":"This echoes the fire-on-a-mountain simile that opened the muster (line 455, \"as when consuming fire sets ablaze a vast forest\"), but the verb here, νέμοιτο, is the same word Homer elsewhere uses for cattle \"grazing\" a pasture — the fire is imagined devouring the whole earth the way flocks graze a field, tying this image back to the herding similes (goats, cattle) that ran through the same earlier passage."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marched on"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νέμοιτο","gloss":"by fire"},{"surface":"χθὼν","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of νέμοιτο","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθὼν","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"νέμοιτο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"were being consumed"}]},{"number":781,"label":"781","id":"b2-l781","source":"γαῖα δʼ ὑπεστενάχιζε Διὶ ὣς τερπικεραύνῳ","translation":"and the earth groaned beneath them, as it does for Zeus who delights in thunder","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l781.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὑπεστενάχιζε","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπεστενάχιζε","lemma":"ὑποστεναχίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned beneath them"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"for Zeus"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τερπικεραύνῳ","lemma":"τερπικέραυνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"who delights in thunder"}]},{"number":782,"label":"782","id":"b2-l782","source":"χωομένῳ ὅτε τʼ ἀμφὶ Τυφωέϊ γαῖαν ἱμάσσῃ","translation":"when he is angry, and lashes the earth about Typhoeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l782.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωομένῳ","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Τυφωέϊ","lemma":"Τυφωεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀμφὶ","gloss":"Typhoeus"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱμάσσῃ","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"ἱμάσσῃ","lemma":"ἱμάσσω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"lashes"}]},{"number":783,"label":"783","id":"b2-l783","source":"εἰν Ἀρίμοις, ὅθι φασὶ Τυφωέος ἔμμεναι εὐνάς·","translation":"among the Arimi, where they say Typhoeus has his lair;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l783.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀρίμοις","lemma":"Ἀρίμοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"the Arimi"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"φασὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀρίμοις","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"Τυφωέος","lemma":"Τυφωεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies εὐνάς","gloss":"Typhoeus"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασὶ","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"εὐνάς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"his lair"}]},{"number":784,"label":"784","id":"b2-l784","source":"ὣς ἄρα τῶν ὑπὸ ποσσὶ μέγα στεναχίζετο γαῖα","translation":"so beneath their feet the earth groaned greatly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l784.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζετο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of στεναχίζετο","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζετο","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"στεναχίζετο","lemma":"στεναχίζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of στεναχίζετο","gloss":"the earth"}]},{"number":785,"label":"785","id":"b2-l785","source":"ἐρχομένων· μάλα δʼ ὦκα διέπρησσον πεδίοιο.","translation":"as they went; and very swiftly they crossed the plain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l785.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχομένων","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as they went"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέπρησσον","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"διέπρησσον","lemma":"διαπράσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to διέπρησσον","gloss":"the plain"}]},{"number":786,"label":"786","id":"b2-l786","source":"Τρωσὶν δʼ ἄγγελος ἦλθε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις","translation":"To the Trojans came a messenger, wind-footed swift Iris,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l786.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ποδήνεμος","lemma":"ποδήνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"wind-footed","note":"ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις is the locked whole-formula opening epithet for Iris, \"wind-footed swift Iris\" — distinct from the shorter πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις, \"swift-footed Iris,\" used later in this scene."},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":787,"label":"787","id":"b2-l787","source":"πὰρ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο σὺν ἀγγελίῃ ἀλεγεινῇ·","translation":"from Zeus who bears the aegis, with grievous tidings;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l787.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίῃ","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"tidings"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινῇ","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγγελίῃ","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":788,"label":"788","id":"b2-l788","source":"οἳ δʼ ἀγορὰς ἀγόρευον ἐπὶ Πριάμοιο θύρῃσι","translation":"and they were holding assembly at the doors of Priam,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l788.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγορὰς","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were holding"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύρῃσι","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"θύρῃσι","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"doors"}]},{"number":789,"label":"789","id":"b2-l789","source":"πάντες ὁμηγερέες ἠμὲν νέοι ἠδὲ γέροντες·","translation":"all gathered together, both the young men and the old.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l789.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὁμηγερέες","lemma":"ὁμηγερής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gathered together"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντες","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"old men"}]},{"number":790,"label":"790","id":"b2-l790","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις·","translation":"Standing close by, swift-footed Iris spoke to them;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l790.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱσταμένη","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἱσταμένη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκέα","gloss":"of foot"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":791,"label":"791","id":"b2-l791","source":"εἴσατο δὲ φθογγὴν υἷϊ Πριάμοιο Πολίτῃ,","translation":"she made herself like in voice to Polites, son of Priam,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l791.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴσατο","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made herself like"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"φθογγὴν","lemma":"φθογγή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἴσατο","gloss":"in voice"},{"surface":"υἷϊ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷϊ","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"Πολίτῃ","lemma":"Πολίτης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Polites"}]},{"number":792,"label":"792","id":"b2-l792","source":"ὃς Τρώων σκοπὸς ἷζε ποδωκείῃσι πεποιθὼς","translation":"who sat as a lookout for the Trojans, trusting in his swiftness of foot,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l792.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἷζε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies σκοπὸς","gloss":"for the Trojans"},{"surface":"σκοπὸς","lemma":"σκοπός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lookout"},{"surface":"ἷζε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πολίτῃ","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ποδωκείῃσι","lemma":"ποδώκεια","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πεποιθὼς","gloss":"swiftness of foot"},{"surface":"πεποιθὼς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷζε","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":793,"label":"793","id":"b2-l793","source":"τύμβῳ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτῳ Αἰσυήταο γέροντος,","translation":"upon the topmost mound of old Aesyetes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l793.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύμβῳ","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"mound"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀκροτάτῳ","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies τύμβῳ","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"Αἰσυήταο","lemma":"Αἰσυήτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τύμβῳ","gloss":"Aesyetes"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἰσυήταο","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":794,"label":"794","id":"b2-l794","source":"δέγμενος ὁππότε ναῦφιν ἀφορμηθεῖεν Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"watching for whenever the Achaeans should sally forth from the ships;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l794.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δέγμενος","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷζε","gloss":"watching for"},{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφορμηθεῖεν","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ναῦφιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφορμηθεῖεν","gloss":"from the ships"},{"surface":"ἀφορμηθεῖεν","lemma":"ἀφορμάω","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δέγμενος","gloss":"should sally forth"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀφορμηθεῖεν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":795,"label":"795","id":"b2-l795","source":"τῷ μιν ἐεισαμένη προσέφη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις·","translation":"in his likeness, swift-footed Iris spoke to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l795.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐεισαμένη","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐεισαμένη","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"likened herself"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκέα","gloss":"of foot"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":796,"label":"796","id":"b2-l796","source":"ὦ γέρον αἰεί τοι μῦθοι φίλοι ἄκριτοί εἰσιν,","translation":"\"Old man, endless idle talk is ever dear to you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l796.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσιν","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰσιν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"μῦθοι","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσιν","gloss":"talk"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἄκριτοί","lemma":"ἄκριτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθοι","gloss":"endless, idle"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":797,"label":"797","id":"b2-l797","source":"ὥς ποτʼ ἐπʼ εἰρήνης· πόλεμος δʼ ἀλίαστος ὄρωρεν.","translation":"as once in time of peace; but war unyielding has arisen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l797.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in time of"},{"surface":"εἰρήνης","lemma":"εἰρήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"πόλεμος","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρωρεν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀλίαστος","lemma":"ἀλίαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμος","gloss":"unyielding"},{"surface":"ὄρωρεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has arisen"}]},{"number":798,"label":"798","id":"b2-l798","source":"ἤδη μὲν μάλα πολλὰ μάχας εἰσήλυθον ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"Already I have entered many battles of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l798.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσήλυθον","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This μέν sets up a contrast with ἀλλ' in the very next line (\"but never yet have I seen...\"), but the given translation renders neither particle as a standalone word, so it is left untranslated here per the default rule."},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰσήλυθον","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μάχας","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσήλυθον","gloss":"battles"},{"surface":"εἰσήλυθον","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have entered"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μάχας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":799,"label":"799","id":"b2-l799","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ πω τοιόνδε τοσόνδέ τε λαὸν ὄπωπα·","translation":"but never yet have I seen a host so great and of such a kind;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l799.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ὄπωπα","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τοιόνδε","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of such a kind"},{"surface":"τοσόνδέ","lemma":"τοσόσδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"τε here coordinates the paired demonstratives τοιόνδε τοσόνδε, \"so great and of such a kind\" — a matched pair, not two separate clauses."},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄπωπα","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ὄπωπα","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have seen"}]},{"number":800,"label":"800","id":"b2-l800","source":"λίην γὰρ φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες ἢ ψαμάθοισιν","translation":"for very like leaves or grains of sand","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l800.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐοικότες","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φύλλοισιν","lemma":"φύλλον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχονται","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ψαμάθοισιν","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"grains of sand"}]},{"number":801,"label":"801","id":"b2-l801","source":"ἔρχονται πεδίοιο μαχησόμενοι προτὶ ἄστυ.","translation":"they come across the plain to fight against the city.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l801.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχονται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they come"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔρχονται","gloss":"across the plain"},{"surface":"μαχησόμενοι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχονται","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"the city"}]},{"number":802,"label":"802","id":"b2-l802","source":"Ἕκτορ σοὶ δὲ μάλιστʼ ἐπιτέλλομαι, ὧδε δὲ ῥέξαι·","translation":"Hector, to you above all I give this charge; do thus:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l802.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιτέλλομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μάλιστ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιτέλλομαι","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέλλομαι","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I give this charge"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέξαι","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ῥέξαι","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":803,"label":"803","id":"b2-l803","source":"πολλοὶ γὰρ κατὰ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμου ἐπίκουροι,","translation":"for many allies are through the great city of Priam,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l803.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπίκουροι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Πριάμου","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουροι","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":804,"label":"804","id":"b2-l804","source":"ἄλλη δʼ ἄλλων γλῶσσα πολυσπερέων ἀνθρώπων·","translation":"and the tongue of these far-scattered men differs, one from another;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l804.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλη","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γλῶσσα","gloss":"different","note":"ἄλλη ... ἄλλων is a distributive idiom, \"one [tongue] ... of another [people]\" — rendered by the translation as \"differs, one from another.\""},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of another"},{"surface":"γλῶσσα","lemma":"γλῶσσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"πολυσπερέων","lemma":"πολυσπερής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"far-scattered"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":805,"label":"805","id":"b2-l805","source":"τοῖσιν ἕκαστος ἀνὴρ σημαινέτω οἷσί περ ἄρχει,","translation":"let each man give the word of command to those over whom he rules,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l805.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of σημαινέτω","gloss":"to those"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σημαινέτω","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"σημαινέτω","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let...give the word of command"},{"surface":"οἷσί","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄρχει","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄρχει","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῖσιν","gloss":"he rules"}]},{"number":806,"label":"806","id":"b2-l806","source":"τῶν δʼ ἐξηγείσθω κοσμησάμενος πολιήτας.","translation":"and let him lead them out, having marshaled his own countrymen.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l806.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξηγείσθω","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξηγείσθω","lemma":"ἐξηγέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him lead out"},{"surface":"κοσμησάμενος","lemma":"κοσμέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξηγείσθω","gloss":"having marshaled"},{"surface":"πολιήτας","lemma":"πολίτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κοσμησάμενος","gloss":"countrymen"}]},{"number":807,"label":"807","id":"b2-l807","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἕκτωρ δʼ οὔ τι θεᾶς ἔπος ἠγνοίησεν,","translation":"So she spoke, and Hector did not fail to know the goddess's word,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l807.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠγνοίησεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἠγνοίησεν","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θεᾶς","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"goddess's"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠγνοίησεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἠγνοίησεν","lemma":"ἀγνοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fail to know"}]},{"number":808,"label":"808","id":"b2-l808","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἔλυσʼ ἀγορήν· ἐπὶ τεύχεα δʼ ἐσσεύοντο·","translation":"but at once broke up the assembly; and they rushed to arms;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l808.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλυσ̓","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔλυσ","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke up"},{"surface":"ἀγορήν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλυσ̓","gloss":"the assembly"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to","note":"ἐπὶ τεύχεα δ' ἐσσεύοντο is likely tmesis of the compound verb ἐπισεύομαι, \"to rush toward,\" with the preposition ἐπὶ split away from its verb ἐσσεύοντο by the intervening object and particle."},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσσεύοντο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"}]},{"number":809,"label":"809","id":"b2-l809","source":"πᾶσαι δʼ ὠΐγνυντο πύλαι, ἐκ δʼ ἔσσυτο λαὸς","translation":"and all the gates were thrown open, and the host poured out,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l809.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πύλαι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠΐγνυντο","lemma":"οἴγω","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were thrown open"},{"surface":"πύλαι","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ὠΐγνυντο","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"ἐκ ... ἔσσυτο is tmesis of the compound verb ἐκσεύομαι, \"to pour/rush out,\" the preverb ἐκ separated from its verb ἔσσυτο by δέ."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσσυτο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"λαὸς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"host"}]},{"number":810,"label":"810","id":"b2-l810","source":"πεζοί θʼ ἱππῆές τε· πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει.","translation":"footmen and horsemen; and a great din arose.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l810.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεζοί","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"footmen"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"θ' ... τε is a correlative pair, \"both footmen and horsemen\"; both members are glossed \"and\" to render the paired coordination."},{"surface":"ἱππῆές","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρυμαγδὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδὸς","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":811,"label":"811","id":"b2-l811","source":"ἔστι δέ τις προπάροιθε πόλιος αἰπεῖα κολώνη","translation":"There is a steep mound before the city,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l811.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies κολώνη","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"αἰπεῖα","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κολώνη","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"κολώνη","lemma":"κολώνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"mound"}]},{"number":812,"label":"812","id":"b2-l812","source":"ἐν πεδίῳ ἀπάνευθε περίδρομος ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,","translation":"apart in the plain, with a way round it on this side and that,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l812.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"περίδρομος","lemma":"περίδρομος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κολώνη","gloss":"with a way round it"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"on this side"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":813,"label":"813","id":"b2-l813","source":"τὴν ἤτοι ἄνδρες Βατίειαν κικλήσκουσιν,","translation":"which men call Batieia,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l813.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κικλήσκουσιν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κικλήσκουσιν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Βατίειαν","lemma":"Βατίεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κικλήσκουσιν","gloss":"Batieia"},{"surface":"κικλήσκουσιν","lemma":"κικλήσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"call"}]},{"number":814,"label":"814","id":"b2-l814","source":"ἀθάνατοι δέ τε σῆμα πολυσκάρθμοιο Μυρίνης·","translation":"but the immortals call it the tomb of much-bounding Myrina;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l814.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"tomb"},{"surface":"πολυσκάρθμοιο","lemma":"πολύσκαρθμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρίνης","gloss":"much-bounding"},{"surface":"Μυρίνης","lemma":"Μυρίνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"Myrina","note":"The same landmark carries two names — Batieia among mortals, the tomb of Myrina among the gods — a small instance of the poem's recurring double-naming convention for places known differently to gods and men."}]},{"number":815,"label":"815","id":"b2-l815","source":"ἔνθα τότε Τρῶές τε διέκριθεν ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι.","translation":"there then the Trojans and their allies drew apart by companies.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l815.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέκριθεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέκριθεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τρῶές","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε ... ἠδέ pairs the Trojans with their allies, \"the Trojans and their allies\"; both coordinators are glossed \"and.\""},{"surface":"διέκριθεν","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew apart"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουροι","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":816,"label":"816","id":"b2-l816","source":"Τρωσὶ μὲν ἡγεμόνευε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"Of the Trojans great Hector of the flashing helm was leader,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l816.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This μέν marks the start of the Trojan-side catalogue and correlates loosely with αὖτ' at line 819 (\"Of the Dardanians again...\"), the next contingent's opener — the translation does not render it as a standalone word."},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":817,"label":"817","id":"b2-l817","source":"Πριαμίδης· ἅμα τῷ γε πολὺ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι","translation":"son of Priam; with him by far the most numerous and best","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l817.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"πλεῖστοι","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"most numerous"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":818,"label":"818","id":"b2-l818","source":"λαοὶ θωρήσσοντο μεμαότες ἐγχείῃσι.","translation":"men armed themselves, eager with their spears.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l818.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θωρήσσοντο","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"θωρήσσοντο","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed themselves"},{"surface":"μεμαότες","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσοντο","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ἐγχείῃσι","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μεμαότες","gloss":"with their spears"}]},{"number":819,"label":"819","id":"b2-l819","source":"Δαρδανίων αὖτʼ ἦρχεν ἐῢς πάϊς Ἀγχίσαο","translation":"Of the Dardanians again the noble son of Anchises was leader,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l819.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δαρδανίων","lemma":"Δαρδάνιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἦρχεν","gloss":"of the Dardanians"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἦρχεν","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"ἐῢς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀγχίσαο","lemma":"Ἀγχίσης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Anchises"}]},{"number":820,"label":"820","id":"b2-l820","source":"Αἰνείας, τὸν ὑπʼ Ἀγχίσῃ τέκε δῖʼ Ἀφροδίτη","translation":"Aeneas, whom divine Aphrodite bore to Anchises,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l820.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀγχίσῃ","lemma":"Ἀγχίσης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"Anchises"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Αἰνείας","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"δῖ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":821,"label":"821","id":"b2-l821","source":"Ἴδης ἐν κνημοῖσι θεὰ βροτῷ εὐνηθεῖσα,","translation":"on the slopes of Ida, a goddess lying with a mortal,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l821.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κνημοῖσι","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κνημοῖσι","lemma":"κνημός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the slopes"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a goddess"},{"surface":"βροτῷ","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὐνηθεῖσα","gloss":"with a mortal"},{"surface":"εὐνηθεῖσα","lemma":"εὐνάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"lying"}]},{"number":822,"label":"822","id":"b2-l822","source":"οὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω Ἀντήνορος υἷε","translation":"not alone; with him were the two sons of Antenor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l822.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Ἀντήνορος","lemma":"Ἀντήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"Antenor"},{"surface":"υἷε","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"}]},{"number":823,"label":"823","id":"b2-l823","source":"Ἀρχέλοχός τʼ Ἀκάμας τε μάχης εὖ εἰδότε πάσης.","translation":"Archelochus and Acamas, well versed in every kind of battle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l823.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀρχέλοχός","lemma":"Ἀρχέλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Archelochus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τ' ... τε pairs the two brothers, \"Archelochus and Acamas.\""},{"surface":"Ἀκάμας","lemma":"Ἀκάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Acamas","note":"This Acamas, son of Antenor, is a homonym of the Thracian leader Acamas named later in this same catalogue (line 844)."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδότε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδότε","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδότε","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"versed"},{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"every kind of"}]},{"number":824,"label":"824","id":"b2-l824","source":"οἳ δὲ Ζέλειαν ἔναιον ὑπαὶ πόδα νείατον Ἴδης","translation":"And they who dwelt in Zeleia beneath the lowest foot of Ida,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l824.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζέλειαν","lemma":"Ζέλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔναιον","gloss":"Zeleia"},{"surface":"ἔναιον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"dwelt"},{"surface":"ὑπαὶ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"πόδα","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπαὶ","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"νείατον","lemma":"νέατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies πόδα","gloss":"lowest"},{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόδα","gloss":"of Ida"}]},{"number":825,"label":"825","id":"b2-l825","source":"ἀφνειοὶ πίνοντες ὕδωρ μέλαν Αἰσήποιο","translation":"wealthy men, drinking the dark water of the Aesepus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l825.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφνειοὶ","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"wealthy"},{"surface":"πίνοντες","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔναιον","gloss":"drinking"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πίνοντες","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"Αἰσήποιο","lemma":"Αἴσηπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"of the Aesepus"}]},{"number":826,"label":"826","id":"b2-l826","source":"Τρῶες, τῶν αὖτʼ ἦρχε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς","translation":"Trojans; of these the glorious son of Lycaon was leader,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l826.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Lycaon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":827,"label":"827","id":"b2-l827","source":"Πάνδαρος, ᾧ καὶ τόξον Ἀπόλλων αὐτὸς ἔδωκεν.","translation":"Pandarus, to whom Apollo himself gave the bow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l827.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάνδαρος","lemma":"Πάνδαρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Pandarus","note":"Pandarus's bow, a gift from Apollo, sets up his treaty-breaking shot at Menelaus in Book 4."},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πάνδαρος","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":828,"label":"828","id":"b2-l828","source":"οἳ δʼ Ἀδρήστειάν τʼ εἶχον καὶ δῆμον Ἀπαισοῦ","translation":"And they who held Adrasteia and the district of Apaesus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l828.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶχον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀδρήστειάν","lemma":"Ἀδράστεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Adrasteia"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τ' ... καὶ pairs the two territories, \"Adrasteia and the district of Apaesus.\""},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"district"},{"surface":"Ἀπαισοῦ","lemma":"Ἀπαισός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"of Apaesus"}]},{"number":829,"label":"829","id":"b2-l829","source":"καὶ Πιτύειαν ἔχον καὶ Τηρείης ὄρος αἰπύ,","translation":"and held Pityeia and the steep mountain of Tereia,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l829.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πιτύειαν","lemma":"Πιτύεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pityeia"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηρείης","lemma":"Τηρείη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"of Tereia"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"αἰπύ","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"steep"}]},{"number":830,"label":"830","id":"b2-l830","source":"τῶν ἦρχʼ Ἄδρηστός τε καὶ Ἄμφιος λινοθώρηξ","translation":"of these Adrastus and Amphius of the linen corselet were leaders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l830.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leaders"},{"surface":"Ἄδρηστός","lemma":"Ἄδρηστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Adrastus","note":"This Adrastus, of Percote, is a homonym of the Adrastus, king of Sicyon, in the Argive catalogue."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε ... καὶ pairs the two co-leaders, \"Adrastus and Amphius.\""},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄμφιος","lemma":"Ἄμφιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Amphius"},{"surface":"λινοθώρηξ","lemma":"λινοθώρηξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄμφιος","gloss":"of the linen corselet"}]},{"number":831,"label":"831","id":"b2-l831","source":"υἷε δύω Μέροπος Περκωσίου, ὃς περὶ πάντων","translation":"two sons of Merops of Percote, who beyond all men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l831.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἷε","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Μέροπος","lemma":"Μέροψ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"Merops"},{"surface":"Περκωσίου","lemma":"Περκώσιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μέροπος","gloss":"of Percote"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔδεε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"all men"}]},{"number":832,"label":"832","id":"b2-l832","source":"ᾔδεε μαντοσύνας, οὐδὲ οὓς παῖδας ἔασκε","translation":"knew the arts of prophecy, and would not let his own sons","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l832.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾔδεε","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"μαντοσύνας","lemma":"μαντοσύνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ᾔδεε","gloss":"the arts of prophecy"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδας","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"παῖδας","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔασκε","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἔασκε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"would...let"}]},{"number":833,"label":"833","id":"b2-l833","source":"στείχειν ἐς πόλεμον φθισήνορα· τὼ δέ οἱ οὔ τι","translation":"go into man-destroying war; but the two of them would not","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l833.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στείχειν","lemma":"στείχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔασκε","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"φθισήνορα","lemma":"φθισήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"man-destroying"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πειθέσθην","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πειθέσθην","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πειθέσθην","gloss":"(untranslated)"}]},{"number":834,"label":"834","id":"b2-l834","source":"πειθέσθην· κῆρες γὰρ ἄγον μέλανος θανάτοιο.","translation":"obey him, for the fates of black death led them on.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l834.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πειθέσθην","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"κῆρες","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄγον","gloss":"the fates"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led...on"},{"surface":"μέλανος","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτοιο","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆρες","gloss":"of death"}]},{"number":835,"label":"835","id":"b2-l835","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄρα Περκώτην καὶ Πράκτιον ἀμφενέμοντο","translation":"And they who dwelt about Percote and Practius,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l835.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφενέμοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Περκώτην","lemma":"Περκώτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Percote"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πράκτιον","lemma":"Πράκτιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Practius"},{"surface":"ἀμφενέμοντο","lemma":"ἀμφινέμομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"dwelt about"}]},{"number":836,"label":"836","id":"b2-l836","source":"καὶ Σηστὸν καὶ Ἄβυδον ἔχον καὶ δῖαν Ἀρίσβην,","translation":"and held Sestus and Abydos and divine Arisbe,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l836.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σηστὸν","lemma":"Σηστός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Sestus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄβυδον","lemma":"Ἄβυδος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Abydos"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρίσβην","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"Ἀρίσβην","lemma":"Ἀρίσβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Arisbe"}]},{"number":837,"label":"837","id":"b2-l837","source":"τῶν αὖθʼ Ὑρτακίδης ἦρχʼ Ἄσιος ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"of these again the son of Hyrtacus was leader, Asius, marshal of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l837.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Ὑρτακίδης","lemma":"Ὑρτακίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄσιος","gloss":"son of Hyrtacus"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Ἄσιος","lemma":"Ἄσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Asius"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμος","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"marshal"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":838,"label":"838","id":"b2-l838","source":"Ἄσιος Ὑρτακίδης ὃν Ἀρίσβηθεν φέρον ἵπποι","translation":"Asius, son of Hyrtacus, whom from Arisbe his horses bore,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l838.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄσιος","lemma":"Ἄσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Asius"},{"surface":"Ὑρτακίδης","lemma":"Ὑρτακίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄσιος","gloss":"son of Hyrtacus"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Ἀρίσβηθεν","lemma":"Ἀρίσβη","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"from Arisbe"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἄσιος","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"his horses"}]},{"number":839,"label":"839","id":"b2-l839","source":"αἴθωνες μεγάλοι ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος.","translation":"fiery and great, from the river Selleis.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l839.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθωνες","lemma":"αἴθων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"fiery"},{"surface":"μεγάλοι","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ποταμοῦ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Σελλήεντος","lemma":"Σελλήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῦ","gloss":"Selleis"}]},{"number":840,"label":"840","id":"b2-l840","source":"Ἱππόθοος δʼ ἄγε φῦλα Πελασγῶν ἐγχεσιμώρων","translation":"Hippothous led the tribes of the spear-fighting Pelasgians,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l840.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἱππόθοος","lemma":"Ἱππόθοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγε","gloss":"Hippothous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"φῦλα","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"tribes"},{"surface":"Πελασγῶν","lemma":"Πελασγός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φῦλα","gloss":"Pelasgians"},{"surface":"ἐγχεσιμώρων","lemma":"ἐγχεσίμωρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πελασγῶν","gloss":"spear-fighting"}]},{"number":841,"label":"841","id":"b2-l841","source":"τῶν οἳ Λάρισαν ἐριβώλακα ναιετάασκον·","translation":"those who dwelt in deep-soiled Larisa;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l841.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Πελασγῶν","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναιετάασκον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Λάρισαν","lemma":"Λάρισα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ναιετάασκον","gloss":"Larisa"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλακα","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λάρισαν","gloss":"deep-soiled"},{"surface":"ναιετάασκον","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"dwelt"}]},{"number":842,"label":"842","id":"b2-l842","source":"τῶν ἦρχʼ Ἱππόθοός τε Πύλαιός τʼ ὄζος Ἄρηος,","translation":"of these Hippothous and Pylaeus, scion of Ares, were leaders,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l842.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leaders"},{"surface":"Ἱππόθοός","lemma":"Ἱππόθοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Hippothous"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε ... τ' pairs the two co-leaders, \"Hippothous and Pylaeus.\""},{"surface":"Πύλαιός","lemma":"Πυλαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Pylaeus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄζος","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"scion"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄζος","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":843,"label":"843","id":"b2-l843","source":"υἷε δύω Λήθοιο Πελασγοῦ Τευταμίδαο.","translation":"two sons of Lethus the Pelasgian, son of Teutamus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l843.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἷε","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Λήθοιο","lemma":"Λῆθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"Lethus"},{"surface":"Πελασγοῦ","lemma":"Πελασγός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λήθοιο","gloss":"the Pelasgian"},{"surface":"Τευταμίδαο","lemma":"Τευταμίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λήθοιο","gloss":"son of Teutamus"}]},{"number":844,"label":"844","id":"b2-l844","source":"αὐτὰρ Θρήϊκας ἦγʼ Ἀκάμας καὶ Πείροος ἥρως","translation":"And the Thracians Acamas led, and the hero Peirous,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l844.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θρήϊκας","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦγ̓","gloss":"the Thracians"},{"surface":"ἦγ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"Ἀκάμας","lemma":"Ἀκάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Acamas","note":"This Thracian Acamas is a homonym of the Acamas, son of Antenor, named earlier in this catalogue (line 823)."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πείροος","lemma":"Πείροος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Peirous"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πείροος","gloss":"the hero"}]},{"number":845,"label":"845","id":"b2-l845","source":"ὅσσους Ἑλλήσποντος ἀγάρροος ἐντὸς ἐέργει.","translation":"as many as the strong-flowing Hellespont encloses within.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l845.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσους","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐέργει","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"Ἑλλήσποντος","lemma":"Ἑλλήσποντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐέργει","gloss":"the Hellespont"},{"surface":"ἀγάρροος","lemma":"ἀγάρροος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλλήσποντος","gloss":"strong-flowing"},{"surface":"ἐντὸς","lemma":"ἐντός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐέργει","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐέργει","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Θρήϊκας","gloss":"encloses"}]},{"number":846,"label":"846","id":"b2-l846","source":"Εὔφημος δʼ ἀρχὸς Κικόνων ἦν αἰχμητάων","translation":"Euphemus was leader of the spear-fighting Cicones,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l846.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὔφημος","lemma":"Εὔφημος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Euphemus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀρχὸς","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"Κικόνων","lemma":"Κίκονες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰχμητάων","gloss":"Cicones"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"αἰχμητάων","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχὸς","gloss":"spear-fighting"}]},{"number":847,"label":"847","id":"b2-l847","source":"υἱὸς Τροιζήνοιο διοτρεφέος Κεάδαο.","translation":"son of Troezenus, son of Zeus-nurtured Ceas.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l847.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Τροιζήνοιο","lemma":"Τροίζηνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Troezenus"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέος","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τροιζήνοιο","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"Κεάδαο","lemma":"Κεάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τροιζήνοιο","gloss":"Ceas"}]},{"number":848,"label":"848","id":"b2-l848","source":"αὐτὰρ Πυραίχμης ἄγε Παίονας ἀγκυλοτόξους","translation":"And Pyraechmes led the Paeonians of the curved bow,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l848.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πυραίχμης","lemma":"Πυραίχμης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγε","gloss":"Pyraechmes"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"Παίονας","lemma":"Παίονες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"Paeonians"},{"surface":"ἀγκυλοτόξους","lemma":"ἀγκυλότοξος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Παίονας","gloss":"of the curved bow"}]},{"number":849,"label":"849","id":"b2-l849","source":"τηλόθεν ἐξ Ἀμυδῶνος ἀπʼ Ἀξιοῦ εὐρὺ ῥέοντος,","translation":"from far off, from Amydon, from the wide-flowing Axius,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l849.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀμυδῶνος","lemma":"Ἀμυδών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Amydon"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀξιοῦ","lemma":"Ἀξιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the Axius"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ῥέοντος","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"ῥέοντος","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἀξιοῦ","gloss":"flowing"}]},{"number":850,"label":"850","id":"b2-l850","source":"Ἀξιοῦ οὗ κάλλιστον ὕδωρ ἐπικίδναται αἶαν.","translation":"the Axius, whose water, fairest of all, spreads over the earth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l850.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀξιοῦ","lemma":"Ἀξιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the Axius"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"κάλλιστον","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fairest"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπικίδναται","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ἐπικίδναται","lemma":"ἐπικίδνημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀξιοῦ","gloss":"spreads"},{"surface":"αἶαν","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπικίδναται","gloss":"over the earth"}]},{"number":851,"label":"851","id":"b2-l851","source":"Παφλαγόνων δʼ ἡγεῖτο Πυλαιμένεος λάσιον κῆρ","translation":"Of the Paphlagonians shaggy-hearted Pylaemenes was leader,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l851.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παφλαγόνων","lemma":"Παφλαγών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἡγεῖτο","gloss":"of the Paphlagonians"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἡγεῖτο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"Πυλαιμένεος","lemma":"Πυλαιμένης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"Pylaemenes"},{"surface":"λάσιον","lemma":"λάσιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"shaggy"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἡγεῖτο","gloss":"hearted"}]},{"number":852,"label":"852","id":"b2-l852","source":"ἐξ Ἐνετῶν, ὅθεν ἡμιόνων γένος ἀγροτεράων,","translation":"from the Eneti, whence comes the breed of wild mules,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l852.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἐνετῶν","lemma":"Ἐνετοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the Eneti"},{"surface":"ὅθεν","lemma":"ὅθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"whence"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνων","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies γένος","gloss":"of mules"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"breed"},{"surface":"ἀγροτεράων","lemma":"ἀγρότερος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμιόνων","gloss":"wild"}]},{"number":853,"label":"853","id":"b2-l853","source":"οἵ ῥα Κύτωρον ἔχον καὶ Σήσαμον ἀμφενέμοντο","translation":"those who held Cytorus and dwelt about Sesamus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l853.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Κύτωρον","lemma":"Κύτωρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"Cytorus"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σήσαμον","lemma":"Σήσαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφενέμοντο","gloss":"Sesamus"},{"surface":"ἀμφενέμοντο","lemma":"ἀμφινέμομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"dwelt about"}]},{"number":854,"label":"854","id":"b2-l854","source":"ἀμφί τε Παρθένιον ποταμὸν κλυτὰ δώματʼ ἔναιον","translation":"and lived in famous houses about the river Parthenius,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l854.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφί","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Παρθένιον","lemma":"Παρθένιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποταμὸν","gloss":"Parthenius"},{"surface":"ποταμὸν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔναιον","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"ἔναιον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"lived"}]},{"number":855,"label":"855","id":"b2-l855","source":"Κρῶμνάν τʼ Αἰγιαλόν τε καὶ ὑψηλοὺς Ἐρυθίνους.","translation":"and held Cromna and Aegialus and the lofty Erythini.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l855.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Αἰγιαλόν","title":"A second Aegialus","body":"This Aegialus is a coastal district of Paphlagonia, a different place from the Aegialus in the Argive/Achaean region named earlier in the Catalogue of Ships — two distinct places sharing one name, which means simply \"shore\" or \"coastland.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"Κρῶμνάν","lemma":"Κρῶμνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Cromna"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τ' ... τε ... καὶ chains three place names, \"Cromna and Aegialus and the lofty Erythini.\""},{"surface":"Αἰγιαλόν","lemma":"Αἰγιαλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Aegialus","note":"This Paphlagonian Aegialus is a homonym of Aegialus, the coastal district of the Argive/Achaean region, named earlier in the Catalogue."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοὺς","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐρυθίνους","gloss":"lofty"},{"surface":"Ἐρυθίνους","lemma":"Ἐρυθῖνοι","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Erythini"}]},{"number":856,"label":"856","id":"b2-l856","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἁλιζώνων Ὀδίος καὶ Ἐπίστροφος ἦρχον","translation":"And of the Halizones Odius and Epistrophus were leaders,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l856.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἁλιζώνων","lemma":"Ἁλιζῶνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχον","gloss":"Halizones"},{"surface":"Ὀδίος","lemma":"Ὀδίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odius"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐπίστροφος","lemma":"Ἐπίστροφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Epistrophus","note":"This is a third Epistrophus in Book 2, distinct from the Phocian Epistrophus and from Epistrophus, son of Evenus, named earlier in the Catalogue."},{"surface":"ἦρχον","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leaders"}]},{"number":857,"label":"857","id":"b2-l857","source":"τηλόθεν ἐξ Ἀλύβης, ὅθεν ἀργύρου ἐστὶ γενέθλη.","translation":"from far off, from Alybe, whence is the birthplace of silver.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l857.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀλύβης","lemma":"Ἀλύβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Alybe"},{"surface":"ὅθεν","lemma":"ὅθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"whence"},{"surface":"ἀργύρου","lemma":"ἄργυρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γενέθλη","gloss":"of silver"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀλύβης","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"γενέθλη","lemma":"γενέθλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"birthplace"}]},{"number":858,"label":"858","id":"b2-l858","source":"Μυσῶν δὲ Χρόμις ἦρχε καὶ Ἔννομος οἰωνιστής·","translation":"Of the Mysians Chromis was leader, and Ennomus the augur;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l858.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυσῶν","lemma":"Μυσός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of the Mysians"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Χρόμις","lemma":"Χρόμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Chromis"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἔννομος","lemma":"Ἔννομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ennomus"},{"surface":"οἰωνιστής","lemma":"οἰωνιστής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the augur"}]},{"number":859,"label":"859","id":"b2-l859","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐκ οἰωνοῖσιν ἐρύσατο κῆρα μέλαιναν,","translation":"but not by his auguries did he ward off black doom,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l859.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἰωνοῖσιν","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρύσατο","gloss":"by his auguries"},{"surface":"ἐρύσατο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did...ward off"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσατο","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":860,"label":"860","id":"b2-l860","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐδάμη ὑπὸ χερσὶ ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο","translation":"but he was slain by the hands of the swift-footed son of Aeacus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l860.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο","title":"\"Son of Aeacus\": a kenning for Achilles","body":"Αἰακίδης, \"son of Aeacus,\" names Achilles by his grandfather rather than his father Peleus (Πηλεΐδης, Achilles' more common patronymic); paired here with \"swift-footed,\" it is unmistakably Achilles, foreshadowed slaying Trojan allies in the river long before he appears in the poem himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐδάμη","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was slain"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ποδώκεος","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"son of Aeacus","note":"\"Son of Aeacus\" names Achilles by his grandfather rather than his father Peleus, the recurring kenning that closes this contingent's entry and returns verbatim at line 874."}]},{"number":861,"label":"861","id":"b2-l861","source":"ἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι περ Τρῶας κεράϊζε καὶ ἄλλους.","translation":"in the river, where he was cutting down other Trojans too.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l861.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεράϊζε","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"κεράϊζε","lemma":"κεραίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ποταμῷ","gloss":"was cutting down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":862,"label":"862","id":"b2-l862","source":"Φόρκυς αὖ Φρύγας ἦγε καὶ Ἀσκάνιος θεοειδὴς","translation":"And Phorcys led the Phrygians, and godlike Ascanius,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l862.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φόρκυς","lemma":"Φόρκυς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Phorcys"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φρύγας","lemma":"Φρύξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦγε","gloss":"the Phrygians"},{"surface":"ἦγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀσκάνιος","lemma":"Ἀσκάνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"θεοειδὴς","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀσκάνιος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":863,"label":"863","id":"b2-l863","source":"τῆλʼ ἐξ Ἀσκανίης· μέμασαν δʼ ὑσμῖνι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"from far off, from Ascania; and they were eager to fight in the melee.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l863.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆλ","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦγε","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀσκανίης","lemma":"Ἀσκανίη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Ascania"},{"surface":"μέμασαν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were eager"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑσμῖνι","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"in the melee"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μέμασαν","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":864,"label":"864","id":"b2-l864","source":"Μῄοσιν αὖ Μέσθλης τε καὶ Ἄντιφος ἡγησάσθην","translation":"And of the Maeonians Mesthles and Antiphus were leaders,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l864.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μῄοσιν","lemma":"Μῄων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἡγησάσθην","gloss":"of the Maeonians"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέσθλης","lemma":"Μέσθλης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Mesthles"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε ... καὶ pairs the two co-leaders, \"Mesthles and Antiphus.\""},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄντιφος","lemma":"Ἄντιφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Antiphus","note":"This Maeonian Antiphus, son of Talaemenes, is a homonym of the earlier Antiphus, son of Thessalus, in the Rhodes/islands contingent."},{"surface":"ἡγησάσθην","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leaders"}]},{"number":865,"label":"865","id":"b2-l865","source":"υἷε Ταλαιμένεος τὼ Γυγαίη τέκε λίμνη,","translation":"two sons of Talaemenes, whom the Gygaean lake bore,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l865.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἷε","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ταλαιμένεος","lemma":"Ταλαιμένης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"Talaemenes"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Γυγαίη","lemma":"Γυγαίη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies λίμνη","gloss":"Gygaean"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing υἷε","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"λίμνη","lemma":"λίμνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"lake"}]},{"number":866,"label":"866","id":"b2-l866","source":"οἳ καὶ Μῄονας ἦγον ὑπὸ Τμώλῳ γεγαῶτας.","translation":"who also led the Maeonians born beneath Tmolus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l866.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦγον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Μῄονας","lemma":"Μῄων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦγον","gloss":"the Maeonians"},{"surface":"ἦγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Τμώλῳ","lemma":"Τμῶλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"Tmolus"},{"surface":"γεγαῶτας","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Μῄονας","gloss":"born"}]},{"number":867,"label":"867","id":"b2-l867","source":"Νάστης αὖ Καρῶν ἡγήσατο βαρβαροφώνων,","translation":"And Nastes led the Carians of barbarous speech,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l867.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βαρβαροφώνων","title":"\"Of barbarous speech\"","body":"βαρβαρόφωνος, built on the same root that later gives Greek its word for \"barbarian,\" here means simply \"speaking a foreign tongue,\" not yet the later, freighted sense of savage or uncivilized; it names the Carians as non-Greek speakers, fitting Iris's point earlier in this passage about Troy's allies speaking many different languages."}],"words":[{"surface":"Νάστης","lemma":"Νάστης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγήσατο","gloss":"Nastes"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Καρῶν","lemma":"Κάρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἡγήσατο","gloss":"the Carians"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"βαρβαροφώνων","lemma":"βαρβαρόφωνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Καρῶν","gloss":"of barbarous speech","note":"βαρβαρόφωνοι, \"of barbarous speech,\" is the earliest root of the later word \"barbarian\"; here it means simply \"foreign-speaking,\" not yet the pejorative later sense."}]},{"number":868,"label":"868","id":"b2-l868","source":"οἳ Μίλητον ἔχον Φθιρῶν τʼ ὄρος ἀκριτόφυλλον","translation":"who held Miletus and the thick-leaved mountain of Phthires,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l868.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Μίλητον","title":"Carian Miletus, not the Cretan town","body":"This Miletus is the great Ionian-coast city in Caria, a different place from the Cretan town of the same name already named earlier in the Catalogue of Ships — two distinct places sharing one name."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Μίλητον","lemma":"Μίλητος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"Miletus","note":"This Carian Miletus is a homonym of the Cretan Miletus named earlier in the Catalogue."},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Καρῶν","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Φθιρῶν","lemma":"Φθίρες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"of Phthires"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"ἀκριτόφυλλον","lemma":"ἀκριτόφυλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"thick-leaved"}]},{"number":869,"label":"869","id":"b2-l869","source":"Μαιάνδρου τε ῥοὰς Μυκάλης τʼ αἰπεινὰ κάρηνα·","translation":"and the streams of the Maeander and the steep heights of Mycale;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l869.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μαιάνδρου","lemma":"Μαίανδρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥοὰς","gloss":"the Maeander"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε ... τ' pairs the two rivers/landmarks, \"the Maeander and ... Mycale.\""},{"surface":"ῥοὰς","lemma":"ῥοή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"Μυκάλης","lemma":"Μυκάλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κάρηνα","gloss":"Mycale"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰπεινὰ","lemma":"αἰπεινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάρηνα","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"κάρηνα","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"heights"}]},{"number":870,"label":"870","id":"b2-l870","source":"τῶν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἀμφίμαχος καὶ Νάστης ἡγησάσθην,","translation":"of these Amphimachus and Nastes were leaders,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l870.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγησάσθην","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίμαχος","lemma":"Ἀμφίμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Amphimachus","note":"This Carian Amphimachus, son of Nomion, is a homonym of Amphimachus, son of Cteatus, in the Epeian/Elis contingent named earlier in the Catalogue."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νάστης","lemma":"Νάστης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Nastes"},{"surface":"ἡγησάσθην","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leaders"}]},{"number":871,"label":"871","id":"b2-l871","source":"Νάστης Ἀμφίμαχός τε Νομίονος ἀγλαὰ τέκνα,","translation":"Nastes and Amphimachus, glorious children of Nomion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l871.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νάστης","lemma":"Νάστης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Nastes"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίμαχός","lemma":"Ἀμφίμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Amphimachus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νομίονος","lemma":"Νομίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"Nomion"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":872,"label":"872","id":"b2-l872","source":"ὃς καὶ χρυσὸν ἔχων πόλεμον δʼ ἴεν ἠΰτε κούρη","translation":"who, wearing gold, went into war like a girl,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l872.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴεν","gloss":"wearing"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴεν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This δ' is not the particle δέ but the fossilized directional suffix -δε: πόλεμον δ' ... ἴεν renders πολεμόνδε, \"into war\" — an accusative-plus-δε construction of motion, not a coordinator."},{"surface":"ἴεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a girl","note":"The Carian leader — grammatically ambiguous in the Greek between Nastes and Amphimachus — went into battle wearing gold \"like a girl\"; rendered without softening, per the fidelity mandate, and left as ambiguous about which brother it describes as the Greek itself is."}]},{"number":873,"label":"873","id":"b2-l873","source":"νήπιος, οὐδέ τί οἱ τό γʼ ἐπήρκεσε λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον,","translation":"the fool — nor did that ward off grim destruction from him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l873.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the fool"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπήρκεσε","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπήρκεσε","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπήρκεσε","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐπήρκεσε","lemma":"ἐπαρκέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"did...ward off"},{"surface":"λυγρὸν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπήρκεσε","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":874,"label":"874","id":"b2-l874","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐδάμη ὑπὸ χερσὶ ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο","translation":"but he was slain by the hands of the swift-footed son of Aeacus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l874.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐδάμη","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was slain"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ποδώκεος","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"son of Aeacus","note":"Verbatim repeat of line 860's half-line (ἀλλ' ἐδάμη ὑπὸ χερσὶ ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο), held to the identical English both times per the verbatim-repetition rule."}]},{"number":875,"label":"875","id":"b2-l875","source":"ἐν ποταμῷ, χρυσὸν δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ἐκόμισσε δαΐφρων.","translation":"in the river, and battle-wise Achilles carried off the gold.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l875.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκόμισσε","gloss":"the gold"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκόμισσε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἐκόμισσε","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"carried off"},{"surface":"δαΐφρων","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλεὺς","gloss":"battle-wise"}]},{"number":876,"label":"876","id":"b2-l876","source":"Σαρπηδὼν δʼ ἦρχεν Λυκίων καὶ Γλαῦκος ἀμύμων","translation":"And Sarpedon led the Lycians, and blameless Glaucus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l876.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σαρπηδὼν","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦρχεν","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχεν","gloss":"the Lycians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Γλαῦκος","lemma":"Γλαῦκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Glaucus","note":"Sarpedon and Glaucus, the two Lycian co-leaders, will become major figures later in the poem — Sarpedon's death and Glaucus's exchange of armor with Diomedes are among the epic's most famous scenes."},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Γλαῦκος","gloss":"blameless"}]},{"number":877,"label":"877","id":"b2-l877","source":"τηλόθεν ἐκ Λυκίης, Ξάνθου ἄπο δινήεντος.","translation":"from far off, from Lycia, from the eddying Xanthus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b2-l877.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Λυκίης","lemma":"Λυκία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"Ξάνθου","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"the Xanthus"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δινήεντος","lemma":"δινήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ξάνθου","gloss":"eddying"}]}]}