{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":21,"id":"book-21","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Φ","translated":"Book 21 — The Battle with the River"},"section":"The Ransom of Hector","summary":"Achilles chokes the river Scamander with dead, and the river rises against him. Hephaestus burns it back. The gods fight each other.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/21","lines":611},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/20","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/22","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b21-l1","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πόρον ἷξον ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο","translation":"But when they reached the ford of the fair-flowing river,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἷξον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πόρον","lemma":"πόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἷξον","gloss":"the ford"},{"surface":"ἷξον","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δίωκε","gloss":"they reached"},{"surface":"ἐϋρρεῖος","lemma":"ἐυρρεής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"fair-flowing"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόρον","gloss":"river"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b21-l2","source":"Ξάνθου δινήεντος, ὃν ἀθάνατος τέκετο Ζεύς,","translation":"eddying Xanthus, whom immortal Zeus begot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ξάνθου","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"δινήεντος","lemma":"δινήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ξάνθου","gloss":"eddying"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκετο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατος","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τέκετο","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ξάνθου","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέκετο","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b21-l3","source":"ἔνθα διατμήξας τοὺς μὲν πεδίον δὲ δίωκε","translation":"there Achilles split them: one part he drove across the plain","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διατμήξας","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"διατμήξας","lemma":"διατμήγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δίωκε","gloss":"splitting them"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δίωκε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"one part"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δίωκε","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"δίωκε","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b21-l4","source":"πρὸς πόλιν, ᾗ περ Ἀχαιοὶ ἀτυζόμενοι φοβέοντο","translation":"toward the city, by the very way the Achaeans had fled in panic","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φοβέοντο","gloss":"by which way"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φοβέοντο","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἀτυζόμενοι","lemma":"ἀτύζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φοβέοντο","gloss":"panic-stricken"},{"surface":"φοβέοντο","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πόλιν","gloss":"were fleeing"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b21-l5","source":"ἤματι τῷ προτέρῳ, ὅτε μαίνετο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"the day before, when glorious Hector raged.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to φοβέοντο","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies προτέρῳ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"προτέρῳ","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαίνετο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μαίνετο","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἤματι","gloss":"raged"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μαίνετο","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b21-l6","source":"τῇ ῥʼ οἵ γε προχέοντο πεφυζότες, ἠέρα δʼ Ἥρη","translation":"Along that way they streamed in flight, while Hera spread","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεφυζότες","title":"A perfect of lasting flight","body":"πεφυζότες is a perfect participle: the Trojans have taken flight and remain in the state of fugitives as they stream toward Troy."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προχέοντο","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προχέοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προχέοντο","lemma":"προχέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"streamed"},{"surface":"πεφυζότες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to προχέοντο","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"ἠέρα","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πίτνα","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πίτνα","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b21-l7","source":"πίτνα πρόσθε βαθεῖαν ἐρυκέμεν· ἡμίσεες δὲ","translation":"a deep mist before them to hold them back; but half","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πίτνα","lemma":"πίτνημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πίτνα","gloss":"before them"},{"surface":"βαθεῖαν","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠέρα","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἐρυκέμεν","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πίτνα","gloss":"to hold"},{"surface":"ἡμίσεες","lemma":"ἥμισυς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἰλεῦντο","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b21-l8","source":"ἐς ποταμὸν εἰλεῦντο βαθύρροον ἀργυροδίνην,","translation":"were penned inside the deep-flowing, silver-eddying river,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ποταμὸν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"εἰλεῦντο","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were penned"},{"surface":"βαθύρροον","lemma":"βαθύρροος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸν","gloss":"deep-flowing"},{"surface":"ἀργυροδίνην","lemma":"ἀργυροδίνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸν","gloss":"silver-eddying"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b21-l9","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔπεσον μεγάλῳ πατάγῳ, βράχε δʼ αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα,","translation":"and fell in with a mighty crash; the steep currents roared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell in"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατάγῳ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"πατάγῳ","lemma":"πάταγος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπεσον","gloss":"crash"},{"surface":"βράχε","lemma":"βραχεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰπὰ","lemma":"αἰπός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of βράχε","gloss":"currents"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b21-l10","source":"ὄχθαι δʼ ἀμφὶ περὶ μεγάλʼ ἴαχον· οἳ δʼ ἀλαλητῷ","translation":"and all around the banks rang loudly; with cries","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄχθαι","lemma":"ὄχθη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἴαχον","gloss":"banks"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴαχον","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴαχον","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἴαχον","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔννεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλαλητῷ","lemma":"ἀλαλητός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔννεον","gloss":"with cries"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b21-l11","source":"ἔννεον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ἑλισσόμενοι περὶ δίνας.","translation":"they swam this way and that, spun about among the eddies.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔννεον","lemma":"νέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they swam"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"ἑλισσόμενοι","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔννεον","gloss":"spun about"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δίνας","lemma":"δίνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"eddies"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b21-l12","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅθʼ ὑπὸ ῥιπῆς πυρὸς ἀκρίδες ἠερέθονται","translation":"As locusts, driven by a blast of fire, take wing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἠερέθονται","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"ῥιπῆς","lemma":"ῥιπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"the blast"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ῥιπῆς","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἀκρίδες","lemma":"ἀκρίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠερέθονται","gloss":"locusts"},{"surface":"ἠερέθονται","lemma":"ἠερέθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"take wing"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b21-l13","source":"φευγέμεναι ποταμὸν δέ· τὸ δὲ φλέγει ἀκάματον πῦρ","translation":"to flee into a river, while the tireless flame burns on","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φευγέμεναι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἠερέθονται","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"ποταμὸν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φευγέμεναι","gloss":"into a river"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φλέγει","lemma":"φλέγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"burns"},{"surface":"ἀκάματον","lemma":"ἀκάματος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φλέγει","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b21-l14","source":"ὄρμενον ἐξαίφνης, ταὶ δὲ πτώσσουσι καθʼ ὕδωρ·","translation":"suddenly surging, and they cower down into the water —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρμενον","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to φλέγει","gloss":"surging"},{"surface":"ἐξαίφνης","lemma":"ἐξαίφνης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρμενον","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"ταὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πτώσσουσι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτώσσουσι","lemma":"πτώσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"cower down"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καθ̓","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b21-l15","source":"ὣς ὑπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος Ξάνθου βαθυδινήεντος","translation":"so beneath Achilles the sounding stream of deep-eddying Xanthus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλῆτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"Ξάνθου","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥόος","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"βαθυδινήεντος","lemma":"βαθυδινήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ξάνθου","gloss":"deep-eddying"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b21-l16","source":"πλῆτο ῥόος κελάδων ἐπιμὶξ ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"was filled in confusion with horses and men together.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλῆτο","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was filled"},{"surface":"ῥόος","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πλῆτο","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"κελάδων","lemma":"κελάδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ῥόος","gloss":"sounding"},{"surface":"ἐπιμὶξ","lemma":"ἐπιμίξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλῆτο","gloss":"in confusion"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b21-l17","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ διογενὴς δόρυ μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ ἐπʼ ὄχθῃ","translation":"But the Zeus-sprung hero left his spear there on the bank,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διογενὴς","title":"Zeus-sprung","body":"διογενής is a standing heroic epithet, literally connected with Zeus. It marks exalted rank or descent without claiming that Zeus is Achilles' immediate father."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies διογενὴς","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"διογενὴς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of λίπεν","gloss":"Zeus-sprung"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λίπεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"λίπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὄχθῃ","lemma":"ὄχθη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"the bank"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b21-l18","source":"κεκλιμένον μυρίκῃσιν, ὃ δʼ ἔσθορε δαίμονι ἶσος","translation":"leaning against the tamarisks, and leapt in like a god,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαίμονι ἶσος","title":"Equal to a god","body":"δαίμονι ἶσος is a formula of comparison, presenting Achilles' force as godlike while leaving him mortal."}],"words":[{"surface":"κεκλιμένον","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"μυρίκῃσιν","lemma":"μυρίκη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κεκλιμένον","gloss":"tamarisks"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσθορε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσθορε","lemma":"εἰσθρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt in"},{"surface":"δαίμονι","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσος","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b21-l19","source":"φάσγανον οἶον ἔχων, κακὰ δὲ φρεσὶ μήδετο ἔργα,","translation":"holding only his sword, and in his heart he planned grim work.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φάσγανον","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσθορε","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μήδετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μήδετο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"planned"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"work"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b21-l20","source":"τύπτε δʼ ἐπιστροφάδην· τῶν δὲ στόνος ὄρνυτʼ ἀεικὴς","translation":"He struck in wheeling pursuit; an ugly groan rose from those","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύπτε","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιστροφάδην","lemma":"ἐπιστροφάδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τύπτε","gloss":"wheeling in pursuit"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies στόνος","gloss":"from them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"στόνος","lemma":"στόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυτ̓","gloss":"a groan"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"ἀεικὴς","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στόνος","gloss":"ugly"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b21-l21","source":"ἄορι θεινομένων, ἐρυθαίνετο δʼ αἵματι ὕδωρ.","translation":"cut down by the blade, and the water reddened with blood.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄορι","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄρνυτ̓","gloss":"with his sword"},{"surface":"θεινομένων","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies τῶν","gloss":"being cut down"},{"surface":"ἐρυθαίνετο","lemma":"ἐρυθαίνομαι","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was reddened"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρυθαίνετο","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐρυθαίνετο","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b21-l22","source":"ὡς δʼ ὑπὸ δελφῖνος μεγακήτεος ἰχθύες ἄλλοι","translation":"As other fish, fleeing a great sea-monster of a dolphin,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to 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anchorage","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγοντες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πιμπλᾶσι","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"πιμπλᾶσι","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fill"},{"surface":"μυχοὺς","lemma":"μυχός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πιμπλᾶσι","gloss":"recesses"},{"surface":"λιμένος","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μυχοὺς","gloss":"harbor"},{"surface":"εὐόρμου","lemma":"εὔορμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λιμένος","gloss":"good anchorage"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b21-l24","source":"δειδιότες· μάλα γάρ τε κατεσθίει ὅν κε λάβῃσιν·","translation":"in terror — for it greedily devours whatever it catches —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δειδιότες","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πιμπλᾶσι","gloss":"in terror"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατεσθίει","gloss":"greedily"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"κατεσθίει","lemma":"κατεσθίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γάρ","gloss":"devours"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λάβῃσιν","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"λάβῃσιν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of κατεσθίει","gloss":"it catches"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b21-l25","source":"ὣς Τρῶες ποταμοῖο κατὰ δεινοῖο ῥέεθρα","translation":"so the Trojans cowered beneath the banks along the currents","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πτῶσσον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πτῶσσον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"δεινοῖο","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b21-l26","source":"πτῶσσον ὑπὸ κρημνούς. ὃ δʼ ἐπεὶ κάμε χεῖρας ἐναίρων,","translation":"of the dreadful river. When his hands grew weary of killing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πτῶσσον","lemma":"πτώσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cowered"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"κρημνούς","lemma":"κρημνός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"the banks"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λέξατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κάμε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to λέξατο","gloss":"grew weary"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κάμε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐναίρων","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"of killing"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b21-l27","source":"ζωοὺς ἐκ ποταμοῖο δυώδεκα λέξατο κούρους","translation":"he chose twelve young men alive out of the river","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωοὺς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρους","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"δυώδεκα","lemma":"δυώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κούρους","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"λέξατο","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he chose"},{"surface":"κούρους","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λέξατο","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b21-l28","source":"ποινὴν Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο θανόντος·","translation":"as blood-price for Patroclus, the dead son of Menoetius.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποινὴν","lemma":"ποινή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as blood-price"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποινὴν","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδαο","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"Menoetius's son"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b21-l29","source":"τοὺς ἐξῆγε θύραζε τεθηπότας ἠΰτε νεβρούς,","translation":"He led them out, dazed like fawns,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξῆγε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐξῆγε","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led out"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐξῆγε","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τεθηπότας","lemma":"τέθηπα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dazed"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"νεβρούς","lemma":"νεβρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fawns"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b21-l30","source":"δῆσε δʼ ὀπίσσω χεῖρας ἐϋτμήτοισιν ἱμᾶσι,","translation":"and bound their hands behind them with well-cut straps","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῆσε","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fastened"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῆσε","gloss":"behind them"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δῆσε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐϋτμήτοισιν","lemma":"ἐύτμητος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμᾶσι","gloss":"well-cut"},{"surface":"ἱμᾶσι","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δῆσε","gloss":"with straps"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b21-l31","source":"τοὺς αὐτοὶ φορέεσκον ἐπὶ στρεπτοῖσι χιτῶσι,","translation":"that they themselves wore upon their twisted tunics,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φορέεσκον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"φορέεσκον","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἱμᾶσι","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"στρεπτοῖσι","lemma":"στρεπτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶσι","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"χιτῶσι","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"tunics"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b21-l32","source":"δῶκε δʼ ἑταίροισιν κατάγειν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας.","translation":"then gave them to his comrades to take back to the hollow ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταίροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to his companions"},{"surface":"κατάγειν","lemma":"κατάγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"to take back"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b21-l33","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ ἂψ ἐπόρουσε δαϊζέμεναι μενεαίνων.","translation":"But he sprang back again, eager to tear more men apart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang back"},{"surface":"δαϊζέμεναι","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μενεαίνων","gloss":"to tear apart"},{"surface":"μενεαίνων","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b21-l34","source":"ἔνθʼ υἷι Πριάμοιο συνήντετο Δαρδανίδαο","translation":"There he met a son of Priam, descendant of Dardanus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συνήντετο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"υἷι","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λυκάονι","gloss":"a son"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷι","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"συνήντετο","lemma":"συνάντομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίδαο","lemma":"Δαρδανίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"descendant of Dardanus"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b21-l35","source":"ἐκ ποταμοῦ φεύγοντι Λυκάονι, τόν ῥά ποτʼ αὐτὸς","translation":"Lycaon, fleeing from the river, whom Achilles himself once","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ποταμοῦ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"φεύγοντι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"Λυκάονι","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of συνήντετο","gloss":"Lycaon"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦγε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἦγε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b21-l36","source":"ἦγε λαβὼν ἐκ πατρὸς ἀλωῆς οὐκ ἐθέλοντα","translation":"had seized and led unwilling from his father's vineyard,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Λυκάονι","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦγε","gloss":"seizing him"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλωῆς","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀλωῆς","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"vineyard"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willing"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b21-l37","source":"ἐννύχιος προμολών· ὃ δʼ ἐρινεὸν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ","translation":"coming on him by night; with sharp bronze Lycaon was cutting","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννύχιος","lemma":"ἐννύχιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"by night"},{"surface":"προμολών","lemma":"προβλώσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦγε","gloss":"coming upon him"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τάμνε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρινεὸν","lemma":"ἐρινεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τάμνε","gloss":"a wild fig tree"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τάμνε","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b21-l38","source":"τάμνε νέους ὄρπηκας, ἵνʼ ἅρματος ἄντυγες εἶεν·","translation":"young shoots from a wild fig tree to make the side-rails of a chariot.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l38.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄντυγες","title":"The chariot rail","body":"ἄντυγες are the curved rails or rims around a chariot's body. Lycaon is cutting pliant fig shoots for this practical piece of chariot-work when Achilles surprises him."}],"words":[{"surface":"τάμνε","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"νέους","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄρπηκας","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ὄρπηκας","lemma":"ὄρπηξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τάμνε","gloss":"young shoots"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"to make"},{"surface":"ἅρματος","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἄντυγες","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἄντυγες","lemma":"ἄντυξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"side-rails"},{"surface":"εἶεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν̓","gloss":"they might be"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b21-l39","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀνώϊστον κακὸν ἤλυθε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"Then godlike Achilles came upon him as an unforeseen disaster.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤλυθε","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀνώϊστον","lemma":"ἀνώιστος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"unforeseen"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"disaster"},{"surface":"ἤλυθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b21-l40","source":"καὶ τότε μέν μιν Λῆμνον ἐϋκτιμένην ἐπέρασσε","translation":"That time he carried him by ship to well-built Lemnos and sold him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l40.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπέρασσε","title":"Sold overseas","body":"ἐπέρασσε means that Achilles sold Lycaon across the sea. The verb marks the first transaction in a precise sequence of capture, sale, purchase, ransom, and escape."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέρασσε","gloss":"that time"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέρασσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Λῆμνον","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέρασσε","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτιμένην","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λῆμνον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"ἐπέρασσε","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sold him"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b21-l41","source":"νηυσὶν ἄγων, ἀτὰρ υἱὸς Ἰήσονος ὦνον ἔδωκε·","translation":"and the son of Jason paid the purchase price.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγων","gloss":"by ship"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέρασσε","gloss":"carrying him"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἰήσονος","lemma":"Ἰήσων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Jason"},{"surface":"ὦνον","lemma":"ὦνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"the purchase price"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"paid"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b21-l42","source":"κεῖθεν δὲ ξεῖνός μιν ἐλύσατο πολλὰ δʼ ἔδωκεν","translation":"From there his guest-friend freed him, paying a great sum,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖθεν","lemma":"ἐκεῖθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλύσατο","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξεῖνός","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἠετίων","gloss":"his guest-friend"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλύσατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐλύσατο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"freed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"a great sum"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"paid"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b21-l43","source":"Ἴμβριος Ἠετίων, πέμψεν δʼ ἐς δῖαν Ἀρίσβην·","translation":"Eetion of Imbros, and sent him to holy Arisbe.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴμβριος","lemma":"Ἴμβριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἠετίων","gloss":"of Imbros"},{"surface":"Ἠετίων","lemma":"Ἠετίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Eetion"},{"surface":"πέμψεν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρίσβην","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"Ἀρίσβην","lemma":"Ἀρίσβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Arisbe"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b21-l44","source":"ἔνθεν ὑπεκπροφυγὼν πατρώϊον ἵκετο δῶμα.","translation":"Escaping secretly from there, he reached his father's house.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὑπεκπροφυγὼν","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"ὑπεκπροφυγὼν","lemma":"ὑπεκπροφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"escaping away"},{"surface":"πατρώϊον","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"ancestral"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b21-l45","source":"ἕνδεκα δʼ ἤματα θυμὸν ἐτέρπετο οἷσι φίλοισιν","translation":"For eleven days he delighted his heart among his loved ones","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕνδεκα","lemma":"ἕνδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"eleven"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτέρπετο","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτέρπετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐτέρπετο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he delighted"},{"surface":"οἷσι","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φίλοισιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"φίλοισιν","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐτέρπετο","gloss":"loved ones"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b21-l46","source":"ἐλθὼν ἐκ Λήμνοιο· δυωδεκάτῃ δέ μιν αὖτις","translation":"after coming from Lemnos; but on the twelfth a god once more","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l46.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δυωδεκάτῃ","title":"On the twelfth day","body":"δυωδεκάτῃ is a dative ordinal used with the understood ἡμέρᾳ, 'on the twelfth day.' It completes the chronology after the eleven days named in the preceding line."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτέρπετο","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Λήμνοιο","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"δυωδεκάτῃ","lemma":"δωδέκατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"on the twelfth"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμβαλεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμβαλεν","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b21-l47","source":"χερσὶν Ἀχιλλῆος θεὸς ἔμβαλεν, ὅς μιν ἔμελλε","translation":"cast him into Achilles' hands, who was destined","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλεν","gloss":"into the hands"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμβαλεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλεν","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμελλε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμψειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔμελλε","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχιλλῆος","gloss":"was destined"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b21-l48","source":"πέμψειν εἰς Ἀΐδαο καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλοντα νέεσθαι.","translation":"to send him to Hades, though he had no wish to go.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l48.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐκ ἐθέλοντα","title":"Unwilling Lycaon","body":"οὐκ ἐθέλοντα is an accusative participial phrase agreeing with Lycaon: he is the unwilling one. The negation belongs to his desire, not to Achilles' destined act."}],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψειν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλε","gloss":"to send"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοντα","gloss":"to go"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b21-l49","source":"τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"When swift-footed godlike Achilles saw him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l49.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς","title":"Swift-footed godlike Achilles","body":"This full formula joins ποδάρκης, 'swift-footed,' with δῖος, 'godlike.' Both epithets belong to Achilles and are retained together."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b21-l50","source":"γυμνὸν ἄτερ κόρυθός τε καὶ ἀσπίδος, οὐδʼ ἔχεν ἔγχος,","translation":"naked, without helmet or shield, and holding no spear —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γυμνὸν","lemma":"γυμνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"naked"},{"surface":"ἄτερ","lemma":"ἄτερ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"κόρυθός","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"he held"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχεν","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b21-l51","source":"ἀλλὰ τὰ μέν ῥʼ ἀπὸ πάντα χαμαὶ βάλε· τεῖρε γὰρ ἱδρὼς","translation":"for he had thrown all his gear down upon the ground; sweat wore him out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"his gear"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"had thrown"},{"surface":"τεῖρε","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"wore him out"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἱδρὼς","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τεῖρε","gloss":"sweat"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b21-l52","source":"φεύγοντʼ ἐκ ποταμοῦ, κάματος δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἐδάμνα·","translation":"as he fled from the river, and weariness mastered his knees —","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγοντ","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he fled"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ποταμοῦ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"κάματος","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδάμνα","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδάμνα","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἐδάμνα","lemma":"δαμνάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"was mastering"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b21-l53","source":"ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·","translation":"then in anguish he spoke to his own great-hearted spirit: \"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"in anguish"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b21-l54","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι·","translation":"Ah me, truly a great wonder this my eyes behold","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"θαῦμα","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρῶμαι","gloss":"wonder"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὁρῶμαι","gloss":"with my eyes"},{"surface":"ὁρῶμαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I behold"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b21-l55","source":"ἦ μάλα δὴ Τρῶες μεγαλήτορες οὕς περ ἔπεφνον","translation":"Surely those same great-hearted Trojans whom I have killed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀναστήσονται","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορες","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"οὕς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπεφνον","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνον","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρῶες","gloss":"I have killed"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b21-l56","source":"αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑπὸ ζόφου ἠερόεντος,","translation":"will rise again from beneath the misty gloom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναστήσονται","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀναστήσονται","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will rise"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ζόφου","lemma":"ζόφος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἠερόεντος","lemma":"ἠερόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ζόφου","gloss":"misty"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b21-l57","source":"οἷον δὴ καὶ ὅδʼ ἦλθε φυγὼν ὕπο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ","translation":"since this man too has come back, escaping his merciless day,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l57.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νηλεὲς ἦμαρ","title":"The merciless day","body":"νηλεὲς ἦμαρ, 'merciless day,' is a compressed Homeric way to name the day of death or disaster. Achilles treats enslavement overseas as the doom Lycaon has impossibly escaped."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀναστήσονται","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"φυγὼν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"escaping"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηλεὲς","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φυγὼν","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b21-l58","source":"Λῆμνον ἐς ἠγαθέην πεπερημένος· οὐδέ μιν ἔσχε","translation":"though sold into sacred Lemnos; not even the gray sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λῆμνον","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἠγαθέην","lemma":"ἠγάθεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λῆμνον","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"πεπερημένος","lemma":"πέρνημι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"having been sold"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσχε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔσχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b21-l59","source":"πόντος ἁλὸς πολιῆς, ὃ πολέας ἀέκοντας ἐρύκει.","translation":"held him, though it holds back many men against their will.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόντος","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσχε","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόντος","gloss":"salt water"},{"surface":"πολιῆς","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρύκει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐρύκει","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντας","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against their will"},{"surface":"ἐρύκει","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πόντος","gloss":"holds back"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b21-l60","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ δουρὸς ἀκωκῆς ἡμετέροιο","translation":"Come then, he shall taste the point of my spear as well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκωκῆς","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀκωκῆς","lemma":"ἀκωκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of γεύσεται","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροιο","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὸς","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b21-l61","source":"γεύσεται, ὄφρα ἴδωμαι ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἠδὲ δαείω","translation":"so that I may see in my heart and learn","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γεύσεται","lemma":"γεύω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he shall taste"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἴδωμαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"I may see"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαείω","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"I may know"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b21-l62","source":"ἢ ἄρʼ ὁμῶς καὶ κεῖθεν ἐλεύσεται, ἦ μιν ἐρύξει","translation":"whether he will return from there in the same way, or whether","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"the same way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"κεῖθεν","lemma":"ἐκεῖθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"shall return"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or whether"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρύξει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐρύξει","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"will hold"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b21-l63","source":"γῆ φυσίζοος, ἥ τε κατὰ κρατερόν περ ἐρύκει.","translation":"the life-bearing earth will hold him down, as it holds even the strong.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l63.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γῆ φυσίζοος","title":"Life-bearing earth","body":"φυσίζοος calls the earth the power that brings life forth. The irony is sharp: the same life-bearing ground also holds the dead down."}],"words":[{"surface":"γῆ","lemma":"γῆ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐρύξει","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"φυσίζοος","lemma":"φυσίζοος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γῆ","gloss":"life-bearing"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρύκει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"κρατερόν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐρύκει","gloss":"even the strong"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐρύκει","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γῆ","gloss":"holds back"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b21-l64","source":"ὣς ὅρμαινε μένων· ὃ δέ οἱ σχεδὸν ἦλθε τεθηπὼς","translation":"So he pondered and waited; Lycaon came near him, dazed,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὅρμαινε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὅρμαινε","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"μένων","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὅρμαινε","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Lycaon"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σχεδὸν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"τεθηπὼς","lemma":"τέθηπα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"dazed"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b21-l65","source":"γούνων ἅψασθαι μεμαώς, περὶ δʼ ἤθελε θυμῷ","translation":"eager to clasp his knees, for above all his heart desired","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l65.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γούνων ἅψασθαι","title":"The knees of supplication","body":"ἅψασθαι takes a genitive object, γούνων, 'to grasp the knees.' The infinitive expresses the action Lycaon is eager to perform."}],"words":[{"surface":"γούνων","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἅψασθαι","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἅψασθαι","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of μεμαώς","gloss":"to clasp"},{"surface":"μεμαώς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b21-l66","source":"ἐκφυγέειν θάνατόν τε κακὸν καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν.","translation":"to escape evil death and black doom.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκφυγέειν","lemma":"ἐκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελε","gloss":"to escape"},{"surface":"θάνατόν","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάνατόν","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b21-l67","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν δόρυ μακρὸν ἀνέσχετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"Godlike Achilles raised his long spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for his part"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέσχετο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἀνέσχετο","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέσχετο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b21-l68","source":"οὐτάμεναι μεμαώς, ὃ δʼ ὑπέδραμε καὶ λάβε γούνων","translation":"eager to stab him, but Lycaon ducked beneath and caught his knees,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐτάμεναι","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαώς","gloss":"to stab him"},{"surface":"μεμαώς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέσχετο","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Lycaon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑπέδραμε","lemma":"ὑποτρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ducked beneath"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"γούνων","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"his knees"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b21-l69","source":"κύψας· ἐγχείη δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ νώτου ἐνὶ γαίῃ","translation":"crouching; the spear passed over his back and in the earth","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύψας","lemma":"κύπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"as he stooped"},{"surface":"ἐγχείη","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"νώτου","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b21-l70","source":"ἔστη ἱεμένη χροὸς ἄμεναι ἀνδρομέοιο.","translation":"stood fixed, longing to glut itself on human flesh.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l70.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἱεμένη χροὸς ἄμεναι","title":"A spear hungry for flesh","body":"The spear is personified as desiring to take its fill of human flesh. Homer transfers the warrior's lethal appetite into the weapon itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἱεμένη","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄμεναι","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἄμεναι","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἱεμένη","gloss":"to glut itself"},{"surface":"ἀνδρομέοιο","lemma":"ἀνδρόμεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χροὸς","gloss":"human"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b21-l71","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ τῇ ἑτέρῃ μὲν ἑλὼν ἐλλίσσετο γούνων,","translation":"With one hand Lycaon clasped his knees and begged him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine article","role":"modifies ἑτέρῃ","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἑτέρῃ","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἑλὼν","gloss":"one hand"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλλίσσετο","gloss":"clasping"},{"surface":"ἐλλίσσετο","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begged"},{"surface":"γούνων","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"his knees"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b21-l72","source":"τῇ δʼ ἑτέρῃ ἔχεν ἔγχος ἀκαχμένον οὐδὲ μεθίει·","translation":"and with the other held the sharp spear and would not let it go.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine article","role":"modifies ἑτέρῃ","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρῃ","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀκαχμένον","lemma":"ἀκαχμένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"μεθίει","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let go"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b21-l73","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"And speaking to him, he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b21-l74","source":"γουνοῦμαι σʼ Ἀχιλεῦ· σὺ δέ μʼ αἴδεο καί μʼ ἐλέησον·","translation":"\"I clasp your knees, Achilles; respect me and show me mercy.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γουνοῦμαι","lemma":"γουνόομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I clasp your knees"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γουνοῦμαι","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἴδεο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αἴδεο","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"respect"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλέησον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐλέησον","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"show mercy"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b21-l75","source":"ἀντί τοί εἰμʼ ἱκέταο διοτρεφὲς αἰδοίοιο·","translation":"I stand before you as a suppliant worthy of reverence, Zeus-nurtured Achilles.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντί","lemma":"ἀντί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰμ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εἰμ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"ἱκέταο","lemma":"ἱκέτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a suppliant"},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured one"},{"surface":"αἰδοίοιο","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱκέταο","gloss":"worthy of reverence"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b21-l76","source":"πὰρ γὰρ σοὶ πρώτῳ πασάμην Δημήτερος ἀκτὴν","translation":"For at your side I first tasted the grain of Demeter","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at your side"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πρώτῳ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πασάμην","lemma":"πατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I first tasted"},{"surface":"Δημήτερος","lemma":"Δημήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀκτὴν","gloss":"Demeter’s"},{"surface":"ἀκτὴν","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πασάμην","gloss":"grain"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b21-l77","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτε μʼ εἷλες ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐν ἀλωῇ,","translation":"on the day you seized me in the well-tended vineyard,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πασάμην","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἷλες","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἷλες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"you took"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτιμένῃ","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλωῇ","gloss":"well-tended"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀλωῇ","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"vineyard"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b21-l78","source":"καί μʼ ἐπέρασσας ἄνευθεν ἄγων πατρός τε φίλων τε","translation":"and carried me far from my father and loved ones and sold me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέρασσας","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐπέρασσας","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"you sold me"},{"surface":"ἄνευθεν","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέρασσας","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"πατρός","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"my father"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"loved ones"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b21-l79","source":"Λῆμνον ἐς ἠγαθέην, ἑκατόμβοιον δέ τοι ἦλφον.","translation":"into sacred Lemnos, and I brought you the price of a hundred oxen.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λῆμνον","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἠγαθέην","lemma":"ἠγάθεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λῆμνον","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβοιον","lemma":"ἑκατόμβοιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἦλφον","gloss":"worth a hundred oxen"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦλφον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἦλφον","lemma":"ἀλφάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"I brought"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b21-l80","source":"νῦν δὲ λύμην τρὶς τόσσα πορών· ἠὼς δέ μοί ἐστιν","translation":"Now I have been ransomed for three times that sum; and this is","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l80.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λύμην τρὶς τόσσα","title":"Ransomed for threefold","body":"λύμην is passive: Lycaon was released by ransom, and τρὶς τόσσα specifies a price three times the hundred-ox value he had brought Achilles."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύμην","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λύμην","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was ransomed"},{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τόσσα","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"τόσσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πορών","gloss":"that sum"},{"surface":"πορών","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λύμην","gloss":"paying"},{"surface":"ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b21-l81","source":"ἥδε δυωδεκάτη, ὅτʼ ἐς Ἴλιον εἰλήλουθα","translation":"the twelfth dawn since I came to Ilion","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἠὼς","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δυωδεκάτη","lemma":"δωδέκατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the twelfth"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθα","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"have come"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b21-l82","source":"πολλὰ παθών· νῦν αὖ με τεῇς ἐν χερσὶν ἔθηκε","translation":"after suffering much; now ruinous fate has cast me once more","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of παθών","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"παθών","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθα","gloss":"having suffered"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τεῇς","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b21-l83","source":"μοῖρʼ ὀλοή· μέλλω που ἀπεχθέσθαι Διὶ πατρί,","translation":"into your hands. I must surely be hated by father Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l83.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μοῖρʼ ὀλοή","title":"Ruinous fate","body":"μοῖρα is the apportioned fate that falls to a person; ὀλοή marks Lycaon's allotted lot as destructive. He names fate, not Achilles, as the immediate agent that has delivered him back."}],"words":[{"surface":"μοῖρ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔθηκε","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ὀλοή","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖῤ","gloss":"ruinous"},{"surface":"μέλλω","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I must"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἀπεχθέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπεχθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of μέλλω","gloss":"be hated"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπεχθέσθαι","gloss":"by Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρί","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b21-l84","source":"ὅς με σοὶ αὖτις δῶκε· μινυνθάδιον δέ με μήτηρ","translation":"who has given me to you again; brief-lived my mother","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Διὶ","gloss":"has given"},{"surface":"μινυνθάδιον","lemma":"μινυνθάδιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"brief-lived"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γείνατο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Λαοθόη","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b21-l85","source":"γείνατο Λαοθόη θυγάτηρ Ἄλταο γέροντος","translation":"Laothoe bore me, daughter of aged Altes —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore me"},{"surface":"Λαοθόη","lemma":"Λαοθόη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γείνατο","gloss":"Laothoe"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Λαοθόη","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἄλταο","lemma":"Ἄλτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"of Altes"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄλτεω","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b21-l86","source":"Ἄλτεω, ὃς Λελέγεσσι φιλοπτολέμοισιν ἀνάσσει","translation":"Altes, who rules the war-loving Leleges","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄλτεω","lemma":"Ἄλτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"Altes"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάσσει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Λελέγεσσι","lemma":"Λέλεγες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνάσσει","gloss":"the Leleges"},{"surface":"φιλοπτολέμοισιν","lemma":"φιλοπόλεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λελέγεσσι","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσει","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἄλτεω","gloss":"rules over"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b21-l87","source":"Πήδασον αἰπήεσσαν ἔχων ἐπὶ Σατνιόεντι.","translation":"and holds steep Pedasus beside the Satnioeis.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πήδασον","lemma":"Πήδασος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"Pedasus"},{"surface":"αἰπήεσσαν","lemma":"αἰπήεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πήδασον","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνάσσει","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Σατνιόεντι","lemma":"Σατνιόεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the Satnioeis"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b21-l88","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἔχε θυγατέρα Πρίαμος, πολλὰς δὲ καὶ ἄλλας·","translation":"Priam had his daughter as wife, along with many others;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυγατέρα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had as wife"},{"surface":"θυγατέρα","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"πολλὰς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"along with"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλας","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b21-l89","source":"τῆς δὲ δύω γενόμεσθα, σὺ δʼ ἄμφω δειροτομήσεις,","translation":"and we two were born of her, and you will cut both our throats.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l89.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δύω γενόμεσθα","title":"A plural verb for two","body":"γενόμεσθα is first-person plural, not a dual verb; δύω, 'two,' supplies the exact two-person meaning. Lycaon identifies the two sons born from the same mother, himself and Polydorus."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of γενόμεσθα","gloss":"by her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject of γενόμεσθα","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"γενόμεσθα","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were born"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δειροτομήσεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of δειροτομήσεις","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δειροτομήσεις","lemma":"δειροτομέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will cut throats"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b21-l90","source":"ἤτοι τὸν πρώτοισι μετὰ πρυλέεσσι δάμασσας","translation":"The one you brought down among the foremost fighters,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Πολύδωρον","gloss":"of us"},{"surface":"πρώτοισι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πρυλέεσσι","gloss":"the foremost"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρυλέεσσι","lemma":"πρυλέες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"foot soldiers"},{"surface":"δάμασσας","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you brought down"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b21-l91","source":"ἀντίθεον Πολύδωρον, ἐπεὶ βάλες ὀξέϊ δουρί·","translation":"godlike Polydorus, when you struck him with your sharp spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολύδωρον","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Πολύδωρον","lemma":"Πολύδωρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δάμασσας","gloss":"Polydorus"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλες","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"βάλες","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δάμασσας","gloss":"you struck"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρί","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλες","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b21-l92","source":"νῦν δὲ δὴ ἐνθάδʼ ἐμοὶ κακὸν ἔσσεται· οὐ γὰρ ὀΐω","translation":"Now evil will come upon me here; for I do not think","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b21-l93","source":"σὰς χεῖρας φεύξεσθαι, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἐπέλασσέ γε δαίμων.","translation":"I shall escape your hands, since a god has driven me near you.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὰς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of φεύξεσθαι","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"φεύξεσθαι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"I shall escape"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπέλασσέ","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"has driven me near"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέλασσέ","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b21-l94","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσι·","translation":"And I will tell you another thing, and lay it to heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλλεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"βάλλεο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay it up"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b21-l95","source":"μή με κτεῖνʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὁμογάστριος Ἕκτορός εἰμι,","translation":"do not kill me, since I am not Hector's brother from the same womb,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l95.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὁμογάστριος","title":"Brother from the same womb","body":"ὁμογάστριος means sharing the same mother's womb. Lycaon distinguishes full maternal brotherhood from the broader brotherhood of Priam's many sons."}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτεῖν̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κτεῖν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὁμογάστριος","lemma":"ὁμογάστριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"from the same womb"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορός","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὁμογάστριος","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b21-l96","source":"ὅς τοι ἑταῖρον ἔπεφνεν ἐνηέα τε κρατερόν τε.","translation":"Hector who killed your comrade, gentle and strong.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπεφνεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπεφνεν","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνεν","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἕκτορός","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ἐνηέα","lemma":"ἐνηής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρατερόν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b21-l97","source":"ὣς ἄρα μιν Πριάμοιο προσηύδα φαίδιμος υἱὸς","translation":"So Priam's glorious son addressed him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b21-l98","source":"λισσόμενος ἐπέεσσιν, ἀμείλικτον δʼ ὄπʼ ἄκουσε·","translation":"with words of supplication, but heard a merciless voice:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λισσόμενος","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"supplicating"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to λισσόμενος","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἀμείλικτον","lemma":"ἀμείλικτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὄπ̓","gloss":"merciless"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄπ","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσε","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"ἄκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he heard"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b21-l99","source":"νήπιε μή μοι ἄποινα πιφαύσκεο μηδʼ ἀγόρευε·","translation":"\"Fool, do not mention ransom to me or speak of it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιε","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πιφαύσκεο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πιφαύσκεο","gloss":"ransom"},{"surface":"πιφαύσκεο","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mention"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b21-l100","source":"πρὶν μὲν γὰρ Πάτροκλον ἐπισπεῖν αἴσιμον ἦμαρ","translation":"Before Patroclus met his destined day,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπισπεῖν","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἐπισπεῖν","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"αἴσιμον","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"fated"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπισπεῖν","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b21-l101","source":"τόφρά τί μοι πεφιδέσθαι ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φίλτερον ἦεν","translation":"it was dearer to my heart to spare some Trojan lives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρά","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"until then"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"somewhat"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"πεφιδέσθαι","lemma":"φείδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"to spare"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"φίλτερον","lemma":"φίλτερος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dearer"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b21-l102","source":"Τρώων, καὶ πολλοὺς ζωοὺς ἕλον ἠδʼ ἐπέρασσα·","translation":"and I took many alive and sold them overseas.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of πεφιδέσθαι","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλοὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ζωοὺς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I took"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέρασσα","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sold"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b21-l103","source":"νῦν δʼ οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅς τις θάνατον φύγῃ ὅν κε θεός γε","translation":"Now there is no man who shall escape death, if a god","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσθ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔσθ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φύγῃ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φύγῃ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"φύγῃ","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ἔσθ̓","gloss":"will escape"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλῃσι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλῃσι","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b21-l104","source":"Ἰλίου προπάροιθεν ἐμῇς ἐν χερσὶ βάλῃσι","translation":"casts him into my hands before Ilion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθεν","gloss":"of Ilion"},{"surface":"προπάροιθεν","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἐμῇς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"βάλῃσι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅς","gloss":"casts"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b21-l105","source":"καὶ πάντων Τρώων, περὶ δʼ αὖ Πριάμοιό γε παίδων.","translation":"none of all the Trojans, least of all the sons of Priam.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δ̓","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παίδων","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιό","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παίδων","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παίδων","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δ̓","gloss":"sons"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b21-l106","source":"ἀλλὰ φίλος θάνε καὶ σύ· τί ἦ ὀλοφύρεαι οὕτως;","translation":"Come, friend, you too must die. Why mourn like this?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"θάνε","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θάνε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀλοφύρεαι","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὀλοφύρεαι","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mourn"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλοφύρεαι","gloss":"thus"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b21-l107","source":"κάτθανε καὶ Πάτροκλος, ὅ περ σέο πολλὸν ἀμείνων.","translation":"Patroclus too died, and he was far better than you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάτθανε","lemma":"καταθνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάτθανε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνων","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνων","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b21-l108","source":"οὐχ ὁράᾳς οἷος καὶ ἐγὼ καλός τε μέγας τε;","translation":"Do you not see what I am, how handsome and tall?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὁράᾳς","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you see"},{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"καλός","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b21-l109","source":"πατρὸς δʼ εἴμʼ ἀγαθοῖο, θεὰ δέ με γείνατο μήτηρ·","translation":"I am the son of a noble father, and a goddess bore me as mother;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a father"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴμ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"ἀγαθοῖο","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γείνατο","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γείνατο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore me"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b21-l110","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔπι τοι καὶ ἐμοὶ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή·","translation":"yet over me too stand death and mighty fate.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"over me stand"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"κραταιή","lemma":"κραταιός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρα","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b21-l111","source":"ἔσσεται ἢ ἠὼς ἢ δείλη ἢ μέσον ἦμαρ","translation":"There will come a dawn, or evening, or midday","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δείλη","lemma":"δείλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"midday"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b21-l112","source":"ὁππότε τις καὶ ἐμεῖο Ἄρῃ ἐκ θυμὸν ἕληται","translation":"when someone in battle shall take the life from me as well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕληται","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕληται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕληται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ἄρῃ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕληται","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕληται","gloss":"the life"},{"surface":"ἕληται","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἢ","gloss":"shall take"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b21-l113","source":"ἢ ὅ γε δουρὶ βαλὼν ἢ ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ὀϊστῷ.","translation":"either striking with a spear or with an arrow from the bowstring.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βαλὼν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕληται","gloss":"having struck"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νευρῆφιν","lemma":"νευρή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀπὸ","gloss":"string"},{"surface":"ὀϊστῷ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b21-l114","source":"ὣς φάτο, τοῦ δʼ αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ·","translation":"So he spoke, and there Lycaon's knees and dear heart gave way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Lycaon's"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύτο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λύτο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave way"},{"surface":"γούνατα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b21-l115","source":"ἔγχος μέν ῥʼ ἀφέηκεν, ὃ δʼ ἕζετο χεῖρε πετάσσας","translation":"He let go of the spear and sat with both hands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφέηκεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀφέηκεν","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let go"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"Lycaon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"χεῖρε","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"object of πετάσσας","gloss":"both hands"},{"surface":"πετάσσας","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"stretching out"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b21-l116","source":"ἀμφοτέρας· Ἀχιλεὺς δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ὀξὺ","translation":"spread wide; Achilles drew his sharp sword","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρας","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρε","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρυσσάμενος","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τύψε","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρυσσάμενος","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b21-l117","source":"τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρʼ αὐχένα, πᾶν δέ οἱ εἴσω","translation":"and struck him on the collarbone beside the neck; all the way in","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύψε","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κληῗδα","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"collarbone"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b21-l118","source":"δῦ ξίφος ἄμφηκες· ὃ δʼ ἄρα πρηνὴς ἐπὶ γαίῃ","translation":"the double-edged sword sank. Lycaon lay face-down upon the earth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῦ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῦ","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἄμφηκες","lemma":"ἀμφήκης","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"two-edged"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"Lycaon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρηνὴς","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"face-down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b21-l119","source":"κεῖτο ταθείς, ἐκ δʼ αἷμα μέλαν ῥέε, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν.","translation":"stretched out, and black blood flowed from him and soaked the ground.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ταθείς","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ῥέε","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ῥέε","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flowed"},{"surface":"δεῦε","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"soaked"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δεῦε","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b21-l120","source":"τὸν δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ποταμὸν δὲ λαβὼν ποδὸς ἧκε φέρεσθαι,","translation":"Achilles caught him by the foot and flung him into the river to be borne away,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἧκε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ποταμὸν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκε","gloss":"grasping"},{"surface":"ποδὸς","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λαβὼν","gloss":"by the foot"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flung him"},{"surface":"φέρεσθαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἧκε","gloss":"to be borne"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b21-l121","source":"καί οἱ ἐπευχόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευεν·","translation":"and spoke winged words over him in triumph:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπευχόμενος","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐπευχόμενος","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευεν","gloss":"in triumph"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγόρευεν","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντ","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευεν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b21-l122","source":"ἐνταυθοῖ νῦν κεῖσο μετʼ ἰχθύσιν, οἵ σʼ ὠτειλὴν","translation":"\"Lie there now among the fish, who without care will lick","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνταυθοῖ","lemma":"ἐνταυθοῖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖσο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖσο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κεῖσο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἰχθύσιν","lemma":"ἰχθύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"fish"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπολιχμήσονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπολιχμήσονται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὠτειλὴν","lemma":"ὠτειλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπολιχμήσονται","gloss":"wound"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b21-l123","source":"αἷμʼ ἀπολιχμήσονται ἀκηδέες· οὐδέ σε μήτηρ","translation":"the blood from your wound; your mother will not lay you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἷμ","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπολιχμήσονται","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ἀπολιχμήσονται","lemma":"ἀπολιχμάομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἰχθύσιν","gloss":"will lick away"},{"surface":"ἀκηδέες","lemma":"ἀκηδής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"without care"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐνθεμένη","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γοήσεται","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b21-l124","source":"ἐνθεμένη λεχέεσσι γοήσεται, ἀλλὰ Σκάμανδρος","translation":"upon a bier and mourn you, but Scamander","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθεμένη","lemma":"ἐντίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular 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Lycaon.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰχθύς","lemma":"ἰχθύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπαΐξει","gloss":"fish"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φάγῃσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φάγῃσι","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἰχθύς","gloss":"will eat"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δημόν","gloss":"of Lycaon"},{"surface":"ἀργέτα","lemma":"ἀργής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δημόν","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"δημόν","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάγῃσι","gloss":"fat"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b21-l128","source":"φθείρεσθʼ εἰς ὅ κεν ἄστυ κιχείομεν Ἰλίου ἱρῆς","translation":"Perish, until we reach the city of sacred Ilion —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθείρεσθ","lemma":"φθείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perish"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κιχείομεν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"κιχείομεν","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to φθείρεσθ̓","gloss":"we reach"},{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"of Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρῆς","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰλίου","gloss":"holy"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b21-l129","source":"ὑμεῖς μὲν φεύγοντες, ἐγὼ δʼ ὄπιθεν κεραΐζων.","translation":"you fleeing, and I behind you laying waste.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φεύγοντες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φεύγοντες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεραΐζων","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεραΐζων","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"κεραΐζων","lemma":"κεραίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"laying waste"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b21-l130","source":"οὐδʼ ὑμῖν ποταμός περ ἐΰρροος ἀργυροδίνης","translation":"Not even your fair-flowing, silver-eddying river","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀρκέσει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ποταμός","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀρκέσει","gloss":"your river"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐΰρροος","lemma":"ἐύρρους","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμός","gloss":"fair-flowing"},{"surface":"ἀργυροδίνης","lemma":"ἀργυροδίνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμός","gloss":"silver-eddying"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b21-l131","source":"ἀρκέσει, ᾧ δὴ δηθὰ πολέας ἱερεύετε ταύρους,","translation":"will save you, though long have you sacrificed many bulls to him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρκέσει","lemma":"ἀρκέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will save"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱερεύετε","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ταύρους","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἱερεύετε","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"you sacrificed"},{"surface":"ταύρους","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἱερεύετε","gloss":"bulls"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b21-l132","source":"ζωοὺς δʼ ἐν δίνῃσι καθίετε μώνυχας ἵππους.","translation":"and cast living single-hoofed horses into his eddies.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωοὺς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δίνῃσι","lemma":"δίνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"eddies"},{"surface":"καθίετε","lemma":"καθίημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"you cast"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καθίετε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b21-l133","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ὀλέεσθε κακὸν μόρον, εἰς ὅ κε πάντες","translation":"Even so, you shall die an evil death, until all of you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέεσθε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὀλέεσθε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shall perish"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μόρον","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"μόρον","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέεσθε","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"the point when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τίσετε","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b21-l134","source":"τίσετε Πατρόκλοιο φόνον καὶ λοιγὸν Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"have paid for Patroclus' death and the ruin of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίσετε","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέεσθε","gloss":"you have paid"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φόνον","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies λοιγὸν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b21-l135","source":"οὓς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν ἐπέφνετε νόσφιν ἐμεῖο.","translation":"whom you killed beside the swift ships while I was away.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέφνετε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θοῇσιν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπέφνετε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"you killed"},{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to νόσφιν","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b21-l136","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, ποταμὸς δὲ χολώσατο κηρόθι μᾶλλον,","translation":"So he spoke, and the river grew still angrier at heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ποταμὸς","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χολώσατο","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χολώσατο","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was angered"},{"surface":"κηρόθι","lemma":"κηρόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χολώσατο","gloss":"at heart"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χολώσατο","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b21-l137","source":"ὅρμηνεν δʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ὅπως παύσειε πόνοιο","translation":"and pondered in his heart how he might halt from battle","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅρμηνεν","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he pondered"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"παύσειε","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"he might halt"},{"surface":"πόνοιο","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσειε","gloss":"from battle"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b21-l138","source":"δῖον Ἀχιλλῆα, Τρώεσσι δὲ λοιγὸν ἀλάλκοι.","translation":"godlike Achilles, and ward destruction from the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσειε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλάλκοι","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλάλκοι","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀλάλκοι","lemma":"ἄλαλκε","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"ward off"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b21-l139","source":"τόφρα δὲ Πηλέος υἱὸς ἔχων δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος","translation":"Meanwhile the son of Peleus, holding his long-shadowed spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπᾶλτο","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πηλέος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Peleus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπᾶλτο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπᾶλτο","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b21-l140","source":"Ἀστεροπαίῳ ἐπᾶλτο κατακτάμεναι μενεαίνων","translation":"sprang at Asteropaeus, raging to kill him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀστεροπαίῳ","lemma":"Ἀστεροπαῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπᾶλτο","gloss":"at Asteropaeus"},{"surface":"ἐπᾶλτο","lemma":"ἐφάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"κατακτάμεναι","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μενεαίνων","gloss":"to kill him"},{"surface":"μενεαίνων","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπᾶλτο","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b21-l141","source":"υἱέϊ Πηλεγόνος· τὸν δʼ Ἀξιὸς εὐρυρέεθρος","translation":"the son of Pelegon; broad-flowing Axius","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱέϊ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀστεροπαίῳ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Πηλεγόνος","lemma":"Πηλεγών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέϊ","gloss":"of Pelegon"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γείνατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀξιὸς","lemma":"Ἀξιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Axius"},{"surface":"εὐρυρέεθρος","lemma":"εὐρυρέεθρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀξιὸς","gloss":"broad-flowing"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b21-l142","source":"γείνατο καὶ Περίβοια Ἀκεσσαμενοῖο θυγατρῶν","translation":"begot Pelegon with Periboea, eldest of the daughters","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Περίβοια","lemma":"Περίβοια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Periboea"},{"surface":"Ἀκεσσαμενοῖο","lemma":"Ἀκεσσαμενός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγατρῶν","gloss":"of Acessamenus"},{"surface":"θυγατρῶν","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies πρεσβυτάτη","gloss":"daughters"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b21-l143","source":"πρεσβυτάτη· τῇ γάρ ῥα μίγη ποταμὸς βαθυδίνης.","translation":"of Acessamenus, for the deep-eddying river lay with her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρεσβυτάτη","lemma":"πρέσβυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Περίβοια","gloss":"eldest"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of μίγη","gloss":"with her"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μίγη","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay with"},{"surface":"ποταμὸς","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μίγη","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"βαθυδίνης","lemma":"βαθυδίνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"deep-eddying"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b21-l144","source":"τῷ ῥʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ἐπόρουσεν, ὃ δʼ ἀντίος ἐκ ποταμοῖο","translation":"Achilles sprang at him; but he came from the river and stood","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπόρουσεν","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπόρουσεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσεν","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed upon"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"facing him"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the river"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b21-l145","source":"ἔστη ἔχων δύο δοῦρε· μένος δέ οἱ ἐν φρεσὶ θῆκε","translation":"facing him with two spears, and Xanthus put courage in his heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies δοῦρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δοῦρε","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b21-l146","source":"Ξάνθος, ἐπεὶ κεχόλωτο δαϊκταμένων αἰζηῶν,","translation":"for Xanthus was enraged at the slaughter of the young men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ξάνθος","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκε","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κεχόλωτο","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"δαϊκταμένων","lemma":"δαικτάμενος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰζηῶν","gloss":"the slaughtered"},{"surface":"αἰζηῶν","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κεχόλωτο","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b21-l147","source":"τοὺς Ἀχιλεὺς ἐδάϊζε κατὰ ῥόον οὐδʼ ἐλέαιρεν.","translation":"whom Achilles was cutting down along his stream without pity.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἐδάϊζε","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was cutting down"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"ἐλέαιρεν","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"without pity"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b21-l148","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,","translation":"Now when they had come near, advancing on one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"advancing"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b21-l149","source":"τὸν πρότερος προσέειπε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"swift-footed godlike Achilles spoke to him first:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b21-l150","source":"τίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν ὅ μευ ἔτλης ἀντίος ἐλθεῖν;","translation":"\"Who are you, and from where among men, that you dare come against me?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πόθεν","lemma":"πόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλης","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντίος","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔτλης","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τίς","gloss":"you dared"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλης","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b21-l151","source":"δυστήνων δέ τε παῖδες ἐμῷ μένει ἀντιόωσι.","translation":"Unhappy are the parents whose sons confront my fury.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δυστήνων","lemma":"δύστηνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"unhappy parents"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀντιόωσι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένει","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μένει","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀντιόωσι","gloss":"in fury"},{"surface":"ἀντιόωσι","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"confront"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b21-l152","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Πηλεγόνος προσεφώνεε φαίδιμος υἱός·","translation":"Then the glorious son of Pelegon answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Πηλεγόνος","lemma":"Πηλεγών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"Pelegon's"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b21-l153","source":"Πηλεΐδη μεγάθυμε τί ἦ γενεὴν ἐρεείνεις;","translation":"\"Great-hearted son of Peleus, why ask my lineage?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδη","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμε","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐδη","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐρεείνεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γενεὴν","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρεείνεις","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"ἐρεείνεις","lemma":"ἐρεείνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you ask"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b21-l154","source":"εἴμʼ ἐκ Παιονίης ἐριβώλου τηλόθʼ ἐούσης","translation":"I come from Paeonia of the rich soil, far away,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴμ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I come"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Παιονίης","lemma":"Παιονία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Paeonia"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλου","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Παιονίης","gloss":"rich-soiled"},{"surface":"τηλόθ","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐούσης","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἐούσης","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifies Παιονίης","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b21-l155","source":"Παίονας ἄνδρας ἄγων δολιχεγχέας· ἥδε δέ μοι νῦν","translation":"leading the long-speared Paeonian men; and this is now","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παίονας","lemma":"Παίων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"Paeonians"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴμ̓","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"δολιχεγχέας","lemma":"δολιχεγχής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"long-speared"},{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἠὼς","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b21-l156","source":"ἠὼς ἑνδεκάτη ὅτε Ἴλιον εἰλήλουθα.","translation":"the eleventh dawn since I came to Ilion.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"ἑνδεκάτη","lemma":"ἑνδέκατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"eleventh"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθα","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰλήλουθα","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"have come"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b21-l157","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ γενεὴ ἐξ Ἀξιοῦ εὐρὺ ῥέοντος","translation":"My lineage is from the broad-flowing Axius,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γενεὴ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"γενεὴ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀξιοῦ","lemma":"Ἀξιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"the Axius"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ῥέοντος","gloss":"broadly"},{"surface":"ῥέοντος","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἀξιοῦ","gloss":"flowing"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b21-l158","source":"Ἀξιοῦ, ὃς κάλλιστον ὕδωρ ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἵησιν,","translation":"Axius, who pours the fairest water over the earth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀξιοῦ","lemma":"Ἀξιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Axius"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὕδωρ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κάλλιστον","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"fairest"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵησιν","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἵησιν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"pours"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b21-l159","source":"ὃς τέκε Πηλεγόνα κλυτὸν ἔγχεϊ· τὸν δʼ ἐμέ φασι","translation":"He begot Pelegon, famed for the spear; and men say","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"Πηλεγόνα","lemma":"Πηλεγών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"Pelegon"},{"surface":"κλυτὸν","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεγόνα","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κλυτὸν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γείνασθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γείνασθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φασι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"men say"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b21-l160","source":"γείνασθαι· νῦν αὖτε μαχώμεθα φαίδιμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ.","translation":"Pelegon begot me. Now let us fight, glorious Achilles.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γείνασθαι","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of φασι","gloss":"begot me"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχώμεθα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"μαχώμεθα","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us fight"},{"surface":"φαίδιμ","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεῦ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b21-l161","source":"ὣς φάτʼ ἀπειλήσας, ὃ δʼ ἀνέσχετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"So he spoke in challenge, and godlike Achilles raised","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπειλήσας","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάτ̓","gloss":"in challenge"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέσχετο","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέσχετο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b21-l162","source":"Πηλιάδα μελίην· ὃ δʼ ἁμαρτῇ δούρασιν ἀμφὶς","translation":"the Pelian ash spear; but with both spears at once","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλιάδα","lemma":"Πηλιάς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μελίην","gloss":"Pelian"},{"surface":"μελίην","lemma":"μελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέσχετο","gloss":"ash spear"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἥρως","gloss":"Asteropaeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁμαρτῇ","lemma":"ἁμαρτῆ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δούρασιν","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"two"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b21-l163","source":"ἥρως Ἀστεροπαῖος, ἐπεὶ περιδέξιος ἦεν.","translation":"the hero Asteropaeus cast, for he could use either hand.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l163.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"περιδέξιος","title":"Able with either hand","body":"περιδέξιος here marks Asteropaeus as ambidextrous. That exceptional skill explains why he can cast two spears at once, one from each hand."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀστεροπαῖος","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"Ἀστεροπαῖος","lemma":"Ἀστεροπαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Asteropaeus"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"περιδέξιος","lemma":"περιδέξιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"either-handed"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b21-l164","source":"καί ῥʼ ἑτέρῳ μὲν δουρὶ σάκος βάλεν, οὐδὲ διὰ πρὸ","translation":"With one spear he struck the shield, but did not break through","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἑτέρῳ","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"with one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥῆξε","gloss":"all the way"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b21-l165","source":"ῥῆξε σάκος· χρυσὸς γὰρ ἐρύκακε δῶρα θεοῖο·","translation":"the shield; for its gold, the god's gift, held it back.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῆξε","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ῥῆξε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"χρυσὸς","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐρύκακε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held it back"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"of the god"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b21-l166","source":"τῷ δʼ ἑτέρῳ μιν πῆχυν ἐπιγράβδην βάλε χειρὸς","translation":"With the other he grazed Achilles' right forearm,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l166.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πῆχυν ἐπιγράβδην","title":"A grazing forearm wound","body":"ἐπιγράβδην makes the strike a graze across the πῆχυς, the forearm, rather than a deep piercing wound. The following genitive specifies that it is Achilles' right arm."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἑτέρῳ","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρῳ","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πῆχυν","lemma":"πῆχυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"forearm"},{"surface":"ἐπιγράβδην","lemma":"ἐπιγράβδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"grazing"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πῆχυν","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b21-l167","source":"δεξιτερῆς, σύτο δʼ αἷμα κελαινεφές· ἣ δʼ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ","translation":"and dark blood spurted; but the spear passed beyond him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιτερῆς","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"σύτο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spurted"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of σύτο","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"κελαινεφές","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνεστήρικτο","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b21-l168","source":"γαίῃ ἐνεστήρικτο λιλαιομένη χροὸς ἆσαι.","translation":"and stood planted in the earth, longing to glut itself on flesh.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνεστήρικτο","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἐνεστήρικτο","lemma":"ἐνστηρίζω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood planted"},{"surface":"λιλαιομένη","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐνεστήρικτο","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἆσαι","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἆσαι","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of λιλαιομένη","gloss":"to glut itself"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b21-l169","source":"δεύτερος αὖτʼ Ἀχιλεὺς μελίην ἰθυπτίωνα","translation":"Second in turn, Achilles hurled his straight-flying ash spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερος","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφῆκε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"μελίην","lemma":"μελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφῆκε","gloss":"ash spear"},{"surface":"ἰθυπτίωνα","lemma":"ἰθυπτίων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μελίην","gloss":"straight-flying"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b21-l170","source":"Ἀστεροπαίῳ ἐφῆκε κατακτάμεναι μενεαίνων.","translation":"at Asteropaeus, raging to kill him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀστεροπαίῳ","lemma":"Ἀστεροπαῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφῆκε","gloss":"at Asteropaeus"},{"surface":"ἐφῆκε","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"κατακτάμεναι","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μενεαίνων","gloss":"to kill him"},{"surface":"μενεαίνων","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφῆκε","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b21-l171","source":"καὶ τοῦ μέν ῥʼ ἀφάμαρτεν, ὃ δʼ ὑψηλὴν βάλεν ὄχθην,","translation":"He missed the man, but struck the high bank,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφάμαρτεν","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀφάμαρτεν","lemma":"ἀφαμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he missed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλεν","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑψηλὴν","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὄχθην","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὄχθην","lemma":"ὄχθη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"the bank"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b21-l172","source":"μεσσοπαγὲς δʼ ἄρʼ ἔθηκε κατʼ ὄχθης μείλινον ἔγχος.","translation":"and fixed the ash-wood spear halfway into the bank.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l172.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μεσσοπαγὲς","title":"Fixed halfway in","body":"μεσσοπαγής means embedded to the middle. Achilles' Pelian spear is lodged half its length in the riverbank when Asteropaeus tries to pull it free."}],"words":[{"surface":"μεσσοπαγὲς","lemma":"μεσοπαγής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"halfway fixed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ὄχθης","lemma":"ὄχθη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"the bank"},{"surface":"μείλινον","lemma":"μέλινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"ashwood"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b21-l173","source":"Πηλεΐδης δʼ ἄορ ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ","translation":"The son of Peleus drew the sharp sword from beside his thigh","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἆλτ̓","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄορ","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρυσσάμενος","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄορ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἐρυσσάμενος","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἆλτ̓","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beside"},{"surface":"μηροῦ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"thigh"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b21-l174","source":"ἆλτʼ ἐπί οἱ μεμαώς· ὃ δʼ ἄρα μελίην Ἀχιλῆος","translation":"and leapt eagerly at him; but Asteropaeus could not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆλτ","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"ἐπί","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπί","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μεμαώς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἆλτ̓","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύνατ̓","gloss":"Asteropaeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μελίην","lemma":"μελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσσαι","gloss":"ash spear"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μελίην","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b21-l175","source":"οὐ δύνατʼ ἐκ κρημνοῖο ἐρύσσαι χειρὶ παχείῃ.","translation":"pull Achilles' ash spear from the bank with his stout hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύνατ","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρημνοῖο","lemma":"κρημνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the bank"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύνατ̓","gloss":"to pull"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρύσσαι","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"stout"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b21-l176","source":"τρὶς μέν μιν πελέμιξεν ἐρύσσασθαι μενεαίνων,","translation":"Three times he shook it, straining to wrench it free,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πελέμιξεν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πελέμιξεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"πελέμιξεν","lemma":"πελεμίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he shook"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσασθαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of μενεαίνων","gloss":"to wrench free"},{"surface":"μενεαίνων","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πελέμιξεν","gloss":"straining"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b21-l177","source":"τρὶς δὲ μεθῆκε βίης· τὸ δὲ τέτρατον ἤθελε θυμῷ","translation":"and three times he relaxed his force; the fourth time his heart desired","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεθῆκε","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεθῆκε","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he relaxed"},{"surface":"βίης","lemma":"βία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μεθῆκε","gloss":"his force"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies τέτρατον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέτρατον","lemma":"τέτρατος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"the fourth time"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b21-l178","source":"ἆξαι ἐπιγνάμψας δόρυ μείλινον Αἰακίδαο,","translation":"to bend and break the son of Aeacus' ash-wood spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆξαι","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελε","gloss":"to break"},{"surface":"ἐπιγνάμψας","lemma":"ἐπιγνάμπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἆξαι","gloss":"bending"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἆξαι","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μείλινον","lemma":"μέλινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"son of Aeacus"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b21-l179","source":"ἀλλὰ πρὶν Ἀχιλεὺς σχεδὸν ἄορι θυμὸν ἀπηύρα.","translation":"but before he could, Achilles came near and took his life with the sword.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπηύρα","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπηύρα","gloss":"at close range"},{"surface":"ἄορι","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπηύρα","gloss":"with the sword"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"his life"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"robbed"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b21-l180","source":"γαστέρα γάρ μιν τύψε παρʼ ὀμφαλόν, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα πᾶσαι","translation":"He struck him in the belly beside the navel, and all his bowels","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαστέρα","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τύψε","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τύψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τύψε","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλόν","lemma":"ὀμφαλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"navel"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χολάδες","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b21-l181","source":"χύντο χαμαὶ χολάδες· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν","translation":"spilled upon the ground; darkness covered his eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χύντο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spilled"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of χύντο","gloss":"on the ground"},{"surface":"χολάδες","lemma":"χολάς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of χύντο","gloss":"bowels"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκότος","lemma":"σκότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάλυψεν","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"κάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b21-l182","source":"ἀσθμαίνοντʼ· Ἀχιλεὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὀρούσας","translation":"as he gasped. Achilles sprang upon his chest,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσθμαίνοντ","lemma":"ἀσθμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he gasped"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"ὀρούσας","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"springing"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b21-l183","source":"τεύχεά τʼ ἐξενάριξε καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·","translation":"stripped off his armor and spoke a word of triumph:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεά","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"boasting"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b21-l184","source":"κεῖσʼ οὕτως· χαλεπόν τοι ἐρισθενέος Κρονίωνος","translation":"\"Lie there. It is hard for you, river-born though you are,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l184.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Κρονίωνος","title":"The son of Cronos","body":"Κρονίων is the patronymic 'son of Cronos,' here naming Zeus. Achilles' boast contrasts the children of Zeus with a warrior born from a river line."}],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖσ̓","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"χαλεπόν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐρισθενέος","lemma":"ἐρισθενής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνος","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παισὶν","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b21-l185","source":"παισὶν ἐριζέμεναι ποταμοῖό περ ἐκγεγαῶτι.","translation":"to contend with the children of mighty Zeus, son of Cronos.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παισὶν","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐριζέμεναι","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"ἐριζέμεναι","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to contend"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖό","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκγεγαῶτι","gloss":"of a river"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐκγεγαῶτι","lemma":"ἐκγίγνομαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"though river-born"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b21-l186","source":"φῆσθα σὺ μὲν ποταμοῦ γένος ἔμμεναι εὐρὺ ῥέοντος,","translation":"You claimed your lineage was from a broad-flowing river,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆσθα","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you claimed"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φῆσθα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποταμοῦ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φῆσθα","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ῥέοντος","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ῥέοντος","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ποταμοῦ","gloss":"flowing"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b21-l187","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ γενεὴν μεγάλου Διὸς εὔχομαι εἶναι.","translation":"but I claim my descent from mighty Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γενεὴν","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"my descent"},{"surface":"μεγάλου","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I claim"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχομαι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b21-l188","source":"τίκτέ μʼ ἀνὴρ πολλοῖσιν ἀνάσσων Μυρμιδόνεσσι","translation":"A man who rules over many Myrmidons begot me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίκτέ","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίκτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεὺς","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"πολλοῖσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρμιδόνεσσι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσων","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"ruling"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσι","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνάσσων","gloss":"Myrmidons"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b21-l189","source":"Πηλεὺς Αἰακίδης· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ Αἰακὸς ἐκ Διὸς ἦεν.","translation":"Peleus, son of Aeacus; and Aeacus was born from Zeus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεὺς","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τίκτέ","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδης","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεὺς","gloss":"son of Aeacus"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Αἰακὸς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἰακὸς","lemma":"Αἰακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"Aeacus"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was born"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b21-l190","source":"τὼ κρείσσων μὲν Ζεὺς ποταμῶν ἁλιμυρηέντων,","translation":"Therefore Zeus is mightier than rivers that flow to the sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"κρείσσων","lemma":"κρείσσων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ποταμῶν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κρείσσων","gloss":"than rivers"},{"surface":"ἁλιμυρηέντων","lemma":"ἁλιμυρήεις","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμῶν","gloss":"flowing to sea"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b21-l191","source":"κρείσσων αὖτε Διὸς γενεὴ ποταμοῖο τέτυκται.","translation":"and the lineage of Zeus is mightier than a river's line.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρείσσων","lemma":"κρείσσων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mightier"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γενεὴ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"γενεὴ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέτυκται","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"than a river"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b21-l192","source":"καὶ γὰρ σοὶ ποταμός γε πάρα μέγας, εἰ δύναταί τι","translation":"You too have a great river close at hand, if he has any power","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πάρα","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ποταμός","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πάρα","gloss":"a river"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"close at hand"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμός","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δύναταί","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"has power"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χραισμεῖν","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b21-l193","source":"χραισμεῖν· ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔστι Διὶ Κρονίωνι μάχεσθαι,","translation":"to help you; but no one can fight Zeus, son of Cronos.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χραισμεῖν","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναταί","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b21-l194","source":"τῷ οὐδὲ κρείων Ἀχελώϊος ἰσοφαρίζει,","translation":"Not even lord Achelous rivals him,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχελώϊος","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀχελώϊος","lemma":"Ἀχελῷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰσοφαρίζει","gloss":"Achelous"},{"surface":"ἰσοφαρίζει","lemma":"ἰσοφαρίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"rivals"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b21-l195","source":"οὐδὲ βαθυρρείταο μέγα σθένος Ὠκεανοῖο,","translation":"nor the great strength of deep-flowing Oceanus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βαθυρρείταο","lemma":"βαθυρρείτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὠκεανοῖο","gloss":"deep-flowing"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"Oceanus"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b21-l196","source":"ἐξ οὗ περ πάντες ποταμοὶ καὶ πᾶσα θάλασσα","translation":"from whom all rivers and the whole sea","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ποταμοὶ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"rivers"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θάλασσα","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"θάλασσα","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b21-l197","source":"καὶ πᾶσαι κρῆναι καὶ φρείατα μακρὰ νάουσιν·","translation":"and every spring and deep well have their flow.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κρῆναι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κρῆναι","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"springs"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρείατα","lemma":"φρέαρ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wells"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φρείατα","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"νάουσιν","lemma":"νάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὠκεανοῖο","gloss":"have their flow"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b21-l198","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὃς δείδοικε Διὸς μεγάλοιο κεραυνὸν","translation":"Even he fears the thunderbolt of mighty Zeus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δείδοικε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δείδοικε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fears"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular 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τε","gloss":"thunder"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σμαραγήσῃ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"σμαραγήσῃ","lemma":"σμαραγέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δείδοικε","gloss":"crashes"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b21-l200","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐκ κρημνοῖο ἐρύσσατο χάλκεον ἔγχος,","translation":"He spoke, and drew his bronze spear from the bank,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρημνοῖο","lemma":"κρημνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the bank"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσατο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρύσσατο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b21-l201","source":"τὸν δὲ κατʼ αὐτόθι λεῖπεν, ἐπεὶ φίλον ἦτορ ἀπηύρα,","translation":"but left Asteropaeus there, once he had taken his dear life,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λεῖπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λεῖπεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λεῖπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ἀπηύρα","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to λεῖπεν","gloss":"he took away"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b21-l202","source":"κείμενον ἐν ψαμάθοισι, δίαινε δέ μιν μέλαν ὕδωρ.","translation":"lying in the sands as the dark water drenched him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ψαμάθοισι","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the sands"},{"surface":"δίαινε","lemma":"διαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drenched"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δίαινε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δίαινε","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b21-l203","source":"τὸν μὲν ἄρʼ ἐγχέλυές τε καὶ ἰχθύες ἀμφεπένοντο","translation":"Eels and fish busied themselves around him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφεπένοντο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δημὸν","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρεπτόμενοι","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"ἐρεπτόμενοι","lemma":"ἐρέπτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφεπένοντο","gloss":"feeding on"},{"surface":"ἐπινεφρίδιον","lemma":"ἐπινεφρίδιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δημὸν","gloss":"around the kidneys"},{"surface":"κείροντες","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφεπένοντο","gloss":"nibbling"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b21-l205","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ ῥʼ ἰέναι μετὰ Παίονας ἱπποκορυστάς,","translation":"Achilles went on after the chariot-warrior Paeonians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Παίονας","lemma":"Παίων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"Paeonians"},{"surface":"ἱπποκορυστάς","lemma":"ἱπποκορυστής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Παίονας","gloss":"chariot-fighters"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b21-l206","source":"οἵ ῥʼ ἔτι πὰρ ποταμὸν πεφοβήατο δινήεντα,","translation":"who still fled in terror beside the eddying river","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πεφοβήατο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεφοβήατο","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ποταμὸν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"πεφοβήατο","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb 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best"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερῇ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b21-l208","source":"χέρσʼ ὕπο Πηλεΐδαο καὶ ἄορι ἶφι δαμέντα.","translation":"brought down by the son of Peleus' hands and powerful sword.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χέρσ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδαο","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Peleus’ son"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄορι","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with his sword"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαμέντα","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"δαμέντα","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"brought down"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b21-l209","source":"ἔνθʼ ἕλε Θερσίλοχόν τε Μύδωνά τε Ἀστύπυλόν τε","translation":"There he killed Thersilochus and Mydon and Astypylus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μνῆσόν","lemma":"Μνῆσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Mnesus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θρασίον","lemma":"Θρασίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Thrasius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἴνιον","lemma":"Αἴνιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Aenius"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀφελέστην","lemma":"Ὀφελέστης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Ophelestes"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b21-l211","source":"καί νύ κʼ ἔτι πλέονας κτάνε Παίονας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"And swift Achilles would now have killed still more Paeonians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"πλέονας","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies Παίονας","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"κτάνε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main 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participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"in anger"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ποταμὸς","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"βαθυδίνης","lemma":"βαθυδίνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"deep-swirling"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b21-l213","source":"ἀνέρι εἰσάμενος, βαθέης δʼ ἐκ φθέγξατο δίνης·","translation":"taking the likeness of a man and voicing words from the deep eddy:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσάμενος","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"εἰσάμενος","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"in the likeness"},{"surface":"βαθέης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δίνης","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"φθέγξατο","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"voiced words"},{"surface":"δίνης","lemma":"δίνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the deep eddy"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b21-l214","source":"ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ, περὶ μὲν κρατέεις, περὶ δʼ αἴσυλα ῥέζεις","translation":"\"Achilles, beyond all men you are strong, beyond all you do lawless deeds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κρατέεις","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κρατέεις","lemma":"κρατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are strong"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴσυλα","lemma":"αἴσυλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέζεις","gloss":"lawless"},{"surface":"ῥέζεις","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you act"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b21-l215","source":"ἀνδρῶν· αἰεὶ γάρ τοι ἀμύνουσιν θεοὶ αὐτοί.","translation":"for the gods themselves are always defending you.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"all men"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμύνουσιν","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμύνουσιν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀμύνουσιν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμύνουσιν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b21-l216","source":"εἴ τοι Τρῶας ἔδωκε Κρόνου παῖς πάντας ὀλέσσαι,","translation":"If the son of Cronos has granted you to destroy all the Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσσαι","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"Κρόνου","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖς","gloss":"of Cronos"},{"surface":"παῖς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὀλέσσαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to destroy"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b21-l217","source":"ἐξ ἐμέθεν γʼ ἐλάσας πεδίον κάτα μέρμερα ῥέζε·","translation":"drive them out of me, at least, and work your grim deeds across the plain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἐλάσας","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥέζε","gloss":"driving them"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"μέρμερα","lemma":"μέρμερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέζε","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ῥέζε","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"work"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b21-l218","source":"πλήθει γὰρ δή μοι νεκύων ἐρατεινὰ ῥέεθρα,","translation":"For my lovely currents are filled full of corpses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλήθει","lemma":"πλήθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are filled"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"νεκύων","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of πλήθει","gloss":"of the dead"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινὰ","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πλήθει","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b21-l219","source":"οὐδέ τί πῃ δύναμαι προχέειν ῥόον εἰς ἅλα δῖαν","translation":"and nowhere can I pour my stream into the shining sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δύναμαι","gloss":"nowhere"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to δύναμαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"προχέειν","lemma":"προχέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"to pour"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προχέειν","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b21-l220","source":"στεινόμενος νεκύεσσι, σὺ δὲ κτείνεις ἀϊδήλως.","translation":"choked with the dead, while you go on killing ruinously.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στεινόμενος","lemma":"στείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δύναμαι","gloss":"choked"},{"surface":"νεκύεσσι","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of στεινόμενος","gloss":"with corpses"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κτείνεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτείνεις","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go on killing"},{"surface":"ἀϊδήλως","lemma":"ἀίδηλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτείνεις","gloss":"ruinously"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b21-l221","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ ἔασον· ἄγη μʼ ἔχει ὄρχαμε λαῶν.","translation":"Come now, leave off. I stand aghast, marshal of the people.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔασον","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave off"},{"surface":"ἄγη","lemma":"ἄγη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"awe"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμε","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"marshal"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμε","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b21-l222","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed Achilles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l222.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς","title":"Swift-footed Achilles","body":"The standing epithet returns even while Achilles is fighting a river whose flood repeatedly overtakes him. Its force becomes dramatically literal in the chase that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b21-l223","source":"ἔσται ταῦτα Σκάμανδρε διοτρεφές, ὡς σὺ κελεύεις.","translation":"\"These things shall be as you command, Zeus-nurtured Scamander.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall be"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"Σκάμανδρε","lemma":"Σκάμανδρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Scamander"},{"surface":"διοτρεφές","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σκάμανδρε","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κελεύεις","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κελεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b21-l224","source":"Τρῶας δʼ οὐ πρὶν λήξω ὑπερφιάλους ἐναρίζων,","translation":"But I will not cease from slaughtering the insolent Trojans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐναρίζων","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λήξω","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"λήξω","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will cease"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλους","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"ἐναρίζων","lemma":"ἐναρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λήξω","gloss":"slaughtering"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b21-l225","source":"πρὶν ἔλσαι κατὰ ἄστυ καὶ Ἕκτορι πειρηθῆναι","translation":"until I pen them within the city and make trial of Hector","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἔλσαι","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to pen ... in"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀντιβίην","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"πειρηθῆναι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to make trial"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b21-l226","source":"ἀντιβίην, ἤ κέν με δαμάσσεται, ἦ κεν ἐγὼ τόν.","translation":"face to face, whether he shall master me, or I him.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιβίην","lemma":"ἀντιβίην","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"face-to-face"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δαμάσσεται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δαμάσσεται","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦ","gloss":"overpowers"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b21-l227","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν Τρώεσσιν ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος·","translation":"So he spoke, and rushed upon the Trojans, equal to a god.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"upon the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπέσσυτο","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"δαίμονι","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσος","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b21-l228","source":"καὶ τότʼ Ἀπόλλωνα προσέφη ποταμὸς βαθυδίνης·","translation":"Then the deep-swirling river spoke to Apollo:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνα","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ποταμὸς","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"βαθυδίνης","lemma":"βαθυδίνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"deep-swirling"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b21-l229","source":"ὢ πόποι ἀργυρότοξε Διὸς τέκος οὐ σύ γε βουλὰς","translation":"\"Ah, child of Zeus, god of the silver bow, you have not kept","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l229.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀργυρότοξε","title":"God of the silver bow","body":"The vocative ἀργυρότοξε addresses Apollo through his bow. This title remains distinct from his other fixed epithets, such as far-shooting and far-working."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξε","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"silver-bowed god"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰρύσαο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"βουλὰς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰρύσαο","gloss":"counsels"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b21-l230","source":"εἰρύσαο Κρονίωνος, ὅ τοι μάλα πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλε","translation":"the counsel of the son of Cronos, who charged you earnestly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰρύσαο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have kept"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνος","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βουλὰς","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"earnestly"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλε","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Κρονίωνος","gloss":"gave charge"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b21-l231","source":"Τρωσὶ παρεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν, εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃ","translation":"to stand beside the Trojans and defend them until","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of παρεστάμεναι","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"παρεστάμεναι","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to stand beside"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύνειν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔλθῃ","gloss":"the time when"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b21-l232","source":"δείελος ὀψὲ δύων, σκιάσῃ δʼ ἐρίβωλον ἄρουραν.","translation":"late evening comes down and shadows the rich-soiled field.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείελος","lemma":"δείελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔλθῃ","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"ὀψὲ","lemma":"ὀψέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύων","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"δύων","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθῃ","gloss":"comes down"},{"surface":"σκιάσῃ","lemma":"σκιάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"shadows"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρίβωλον","lemma":"ἐρίβωλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουραν","gloss":"rich-soiled"},{"surface":"ἄρουραν","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σκιάσῃ","gloss":"a field"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b21-l233","source":"ἦ, καὶ Ἀχιλλεὺς μὲν δουρικλυτὸς ἔνθορε μέσσῳ","translation":"He spoke; and Achilles, famed with the spear, leapt into midstream,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔνθορε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δουρικλυτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"famed with spear"},{"surface":"ἔνθορε","lemma":"ἐνθρώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt into"},{"surface":"μέσσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔνθορε","gloss":"midstream"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b21-l234","source":"κρημνοῦ ἀπαΐξας· ὃ δʼ ἐπέσσυτο οἴδματι θύων,","translation":"springing down from the bank. The river surged at him, raging in flood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρημνοῦ","lemma":"κρημνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπαΐξας","gloss":"from the bank"},{"surface":"ἀπαΐξας","lemma":"ἀπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔνθορε","gloss":"springing down"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέσσυτο","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surged at him"},{"surface":"οἴδματι","lemma":"οἶδμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to θύων","gloss":"in flood"},{"surface":"θύων","lemma":"θύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"raged"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b21-l235","source":"πάντα δʼ ὄρινε ῥέεθρα κυκώμενος, ὦσε δὲ νεκροὺς","translation":"and churned all his currents, driving on the corpses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"churned"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"κυκώμενος","lemma":"κυκάω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄρινε","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove on"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεκροὺς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"the dead"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b21-l236","source":"πολλούς, οἵ ῥα κατʼ αὐτὸν ἅλις ἔσαν, οὓς κτάνʼ Ἀχιλλεύς","translation":"many that lay thick within him, men Achilles had killed.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλούς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νεκροὺς","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"thickly"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτάν̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"κτάν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κτάν̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b21-l237","source":"τοὺς ἔκβαλλε θύραζε μεμυκὼς ἠΰτε ταῦρος","translation":"He cast them outside, bellowing like a bull,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l237.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μεμυκὼς ἠΰτε ταῦρος","title":"Bellowing like a bull","body":"The perfect participle μεμυκώς gives the river a bull's sustained bellow. The comparison turns the roar of the flood into the voice of an attacking animal."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκβαλλε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἔκβαλλε","lemma":"ἐκβάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast outside"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔκβαλλε","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"μεμυκὼς","lemma":"μυκάομαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκβαλλε","gloss":"lowing"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ταῦρος","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a bull"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b21-l238","source":"χέρσον δέ· ζωοὺς δὲ σάω κατὰ καλὰ ῥέεθρα,","translation":"onto dry land; but saved the living within his lovely streams,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χέρσον","lemma":"χέρσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκβαλλε","gloss":"dry land"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζωοὺς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of σάω","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σάω","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b21-l239","source":"κρύπτων ἐν δίνῃσι βαθείῃσιν μεγάλῃσι.","translation":"hiding them in his great deep eddies.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρύπτων","lemma":"κρύπτω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σάω","gloss":"hiding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δίνῃσι","lemma":"δίνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"eddies"},{"surface":"βαθείῃσιν","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δίνῃσι","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"μεγάλῃσι","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δίνῃσι","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b21-l240","source":"δεινὸν δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀχιλῆα κυκώμενον ἵστατο κῦμα,","translation":"A terrible churning wave rose around Achilles,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἵστατο","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"κυκώμενον","lemma":"κυκάω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ἵστατο","gloss":"churning"},{"surface":"ἵστατο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵστατο","gloss":"a wave"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b21-l241","source":"ὤθει δʼ ἐν σάκεϊ πίπτων ῥόος· οὐδὲ πόδεσσιν","translation":"and the falling current beat against his shield; he could not","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤθει","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beat"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σάκεϊ","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"πίπτων","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤθει","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ῥόος","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤθει","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"πόδεσσιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to στηρίξασθαι","gloss":"on his feet"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b21-l242","source":"εἶχε στηρίξασθαι· ὃ δὲ πτελέην ἕλε χερσὶν","translation":"brace himself upon his feet. He seized in both hands an elm,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"στηρίξασθαι","lemma":"στηρίζω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of εἶχε","gloss":"brace himself"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτελέην","lemma":"πτελέα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"an elm"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clutched"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b21-l243","source":"εὐφυέα μεγάλην· ἣ δʼ ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἐριποῦσα","translation":"a great tree grown strong; but it fell, torn up by the roots,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐφυέα","lemma":"εὐφυής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πτελέην","gloss":"grown strong"},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πτελέην","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of διῶσεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ῥιζῶν","lemma":"ῥίζα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"roots"},{"surface":"ἐριποῦσα","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to διῶσεν","gloss":"falling"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b21-l244","source":"κρημνὸν ἅπαντα διῶσεν, ἐπέσχε δὲ καλὰ ῥέεθρα","translation":"and tore away the whole bank, damming the lovely streams","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρημνὸν","lemma":"κρημνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διῶσεν","gloss":"the bank"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κρημνὸν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"διῶσεν","lemma":"διωθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore away"},{"surface":"ἐπέσχε","lemma":"ἐπέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"damming"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέσχε","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b21-l245","source":"ὄζοισιν πυκινοῖσι, γεφύρωσεν δέ μιν αὐτὸν","translation":"with its close-set branches and bridged the river itself","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l245.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γεφύρωσεν","title":"It made a bridge","body":"The verb γεφυρόω means to bridge or make into a bridge. The uprooted elm both blocks the current and spans the river."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄζοισιν","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσχε","gloss":"with branches"},{"surface":"πυκινοῖσι","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄζοισιν","gloss":"tight-packed"},{"surface":"γεφύρωσεν","lemma":"γεφυρόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bridged"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γεφύρωσεν","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"itself"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b21-l246","source":"εἴσω πᾶσʼ ἐριποῦσʼ· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐκ δίνης ἀνορούσας","translation":"as the whole tree fell within it. Achilles sprang up out of the eddy","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐριποῦσ̓","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"πᾶσ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐριποῦσ","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to γεφύρωσεν","gloss":"having fallen"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤϊξεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δίνης","lemma":"δίνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the eddy"},{"surface":"ἀνορούσας","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊξεν","gloss":"springing up"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b21-l247","source":"ἤϊξεν πεδίοιο ποσὶ κραιπνοῖσι πέτεσθαι","translation":"and darted over the plain, flying on swift feet","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊξεν","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"darted"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πέτεσθαι","gloss":"over the plain"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέτεσθαι","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"κραιπνοῖσι","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"πέτεσθαι","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἤϊξεν","gloss":"to fly"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b21-l248","source":"δείσας· οὐδέ τʼ ἔληγε θεὸς μέγας, ὦρτο δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ","translation":"in fear. Yet the great god did not cease, but rose against him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείσας","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊξεν","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔληγε","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔληγε","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b21-l249","source":"ἀκροκελαινιόων, ἵνα μιν παύσειε πόνοιο","translation":"darkening at the crest, to halt him from his labor —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l249.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀκροκελαινιόων","title":"Dark-crested water","body":"The participle pictures the river darkening at its raised crest. Homer makes the advancing flood resemble a towering, black-topped mass."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκροκελαινιόων","lemma":"ἀκροκελαινιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"dark-crested"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"παύσειε","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"πόνοιο","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσειε","gloss":"toil"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b21-l250","source":"δῖον Ἀχιλλῆα, Τρώεσσι δὲ λοιγὸν ἀλάλκοι.","translation":"godlike Achilles, and ward destruction from the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλάλκοι","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλάλκοι","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀλάλκοι","lemma":"ἄλαλκε","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"ward off"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b21-l251","source":"Πηλεΐδης δʼ ἀπόρουσεν ὅσον τʼ ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωή,","translation":"The son of Peleus sprang away as far as a spear's cast,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l251.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὅσον τʼ ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωή","title":"A spear-cast's distance","body":"The phrase measures distance by the flight or cast of a spear. It keeps the escape grounded in the physical scale of the battlefield."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόρουσεν","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπόρουσεν","lemma":"ἀπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang away"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐρωή","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἐρωή","lemma":"ἐρωή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"cast"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b21-l252","source":"αἰετοῦ οἴματʼ ἔχων μέλανος τοῦ θηρητῆρος,","translation":"with the swoop of a black hunting eagle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰετοῦ","lemma":"ἀετός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"an eagle"},{"surface":"οἴματ","lemma":"οἶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"swoop"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπόρουσεν","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"μέλανος","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰετοῦ","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies θηρητῆρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"θηρητῆρος","lemma":"θηρατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"hunting"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b21-l253","source":"ὅς θʼ ἅμα κάρτιστός τε καὶ ὤκιστος πετεηνῶν·","translation":"the strongest and swiftest of all winged things.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"κάρτιστός","lemma":"κράτιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strongest"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤκιστος","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swiftest"},{"surface":"πετεηνῶν","lemma":"πετεινός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"winged things"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b21-l254","source":"τῷ ἐϊκὼς ἤϊξεν, ἐπὶ στήθεσσι δὲ χαλκὸς","translation":"Like it he darted, and the bronze upon his chest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐϊκὼς","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἐϊκὼς","lemma":"εἰκός","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊξεν","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἤϊξεν","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"darted"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐπὶ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κονάβιζεν","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b21-l255","source":"σμερδαλέον κονάβιζεν· ὕπαιθα δὲ τοῖο λιασθεὶς","translation":"rang terribly. Veering aside from beneath the river,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κονάβιζεν","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"κονάβιζεν","lemma":"κοναβίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"ὕπαιθα","lemma":"ὕπαιθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὕπαιθα","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"λιασθεὶς","lemma":"λιάζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φεῦγ̓","gloss":"veering aside"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b21-l256","source":"φεῦγʼ, ὃ δʼ ὄπισθε ῥέων ἕπετο μεγάλῳ ὀρυμαγδῷ.","translation":"he fled, while it streamed behind him with a mighty roar.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεῦγ","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he fled"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕπετο","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπετο","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ῥέων","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕπετο","gloss":"streaming"},{"surface":"ἕπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρυμαγδῷ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδῷ","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕπετο","gloss":"din"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b21-l257","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ ὀχετηγὸς ἀπὸ κρήνης μελανύδρου","translation":"As when a man who cuts watercourses leads from a dark-flowing spring","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἡγεμονεύῃ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμονεύῃ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὀχετηγὸς","lemma":"ὀχετηγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"watercourse-cutter"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρήνης","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"μελανύδρου","lemma":"μελάνυδρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κρήνης","gloss":"dark-watered"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b21-l258","source":"ἂμ φυτὰ καὶ κήπους ὕδατι ῥόον ἡγεμονεύῃ","translation":"a stream of water among plants and gardens,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"φυτὰ","lemma":"φυτόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"plants"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήπους","lemma":"κῆπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"gardens"},{"surface":"ὕδατι","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἡγεμονεύῃ","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἡγεμονεύῃ","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"ἡγεμονεύῃ","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"leads"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b21-l259","source":"χερσὶ μάκελλαν ἔχων, ἀμάρης ἐξ ἔχματα βάλλων·","translation":"holding a mattock in his hands and clearing barriers from the channel;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχων","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"μάκελλαν","lemma":"μάκελλα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"a mattock"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγεμονεύῃ","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἀμάρης","lemma":"ἀμάρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the channel"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἔχματα","lemma":"ἔχμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βάλλων","gloss":"barriers"},{"surface":"βάλλων","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγεμονεύῃ","gloss":"clearing"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b21-l260","source":"τοῦ μέν τε προρέοντος ὑπὸ ψηφῖδες ἅπασαι","translation":"as it runs on, all the pebbles beneath it","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of προρέοντος","gloss":"as it"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προρέοντος","lemma":"προρέω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ὀχλεῦνται","gloss":"runs onward"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ψηφῖδες","lemma":"ψηφίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀχλεῦνται","gloss":"pebbles"},{"surface":"ἅπασαι","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ψηφῖδες","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b21-l261","source":"ὀχλεῦνται· τὸ δέ τʼ ὦκα κατειβόμενον κελαρύζει","translation":"are stirred, and swiftly it murmurs down","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχλεῦνται","lemma":"ὀχλέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"are stirred"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of κελαρύζει","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατειβόμενον","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"κατειβόμενον","lemma":"κατείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to κελαρύζει","gloss":"flowing down"},{"surface":"κελαρύζει","lemma":"κελαρύζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"murmurs"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b21-l262","source":"χώρῳ ἔνι προαλεῖ, φθάνει δέ τε καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα·","translation":"the sloping ground and outstrips the man who guides it —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χώρῳ","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προαλεῖ","lemma":"προαλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χώρῳ","gloss":"sloping"},{"surface":"φθάνει","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"outstrips"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄγοντα","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"ἄγοντα","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of φθάνει","gloss":"guiding"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b21-l263","source":"ὣς αἰεὶ Ἀχιλῆα κιχήσατο κῦμα ῥόοιο","translation":"so the river's wave kept overtaking Achilles,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιχήσατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιχήσατο","gloss":"continually"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κιχήσατο","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"κιχήσατο","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept overtaking"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κιχήσατο","gloss":"a wave"},{"surface":"ῥόοιο","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"the river"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b21-l264","source":"καὶ λαιψηρὸν ἐόντα· θεοὶ δέ τε φέρτεροι ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"swift though he was; gods are stronger than men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"λαιψηρὸν","lemma":"λαιψηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρτεροι","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mightier"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φέρτεροι","gloss":"than men"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b21-l265","source":"ὁσσάκι δʼ ὁρμήσειε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"As often as swift-footed godlike Achilles would strain","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l265.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὁσσάκι δʼ ὁρμήσειε","title":"Repeated action in the past","body":"ὁσσάκι, \"as often as,\" is paired with the optative ὁρμήσειε to describe a repeated past attempt. Each time Achilles tries to stand, the same answering wave strikes him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὁσσάκι","lemma":"ὁσάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήσειε","gloss":"as often as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρμήσειε","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τοσσάκι","gloss":"would strain"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁρμήσειε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b21-l266","source":"στῆναι ἐναντίβιον καὶ γνώμεναι εἴ μιν ἅπαντες","translation":"to stand against it and learn whether all the immortals","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆναι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"ἐναντίβιον","lemma":"ἐναντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στῆναι","gloss":"against it"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γνώμεναι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"learn"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φοβέουσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀθάνατοι","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b21-l267","source":"ἀθάνατοι φοβέουσι, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσι,","translation":"who hold broad heaven were putting him to flight,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φοβέουσι","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"φοβέουσι","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"were routing"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσι","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"ἔχουσι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀθάνατοι","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b21-l268","source":"τοσσάκι μιν μέγα κῦμα διιπετέος ποταμοῖο","translation":"so often the great wave of the heaven-fed river","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοσσάκι","lemma":"τοσάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλάζ̓","gloss":"so often"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πλάζ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πλάζ̓","gloss":"a wave"},{"surface":"διιπετέος","lemma":"Διιπετής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"heaven-fed"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"river"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b21-l269","source":"πλάζʼ ὤμους καθύπερθεν· ὃ δʼ ὑψόσε ποσσὶν ἐπήδα","translation":"would buffet his shoulders from above; and he sprang high with his feet,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλάζ","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would buffet"},{"surface":"ὤμους","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πλάζ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"καθύπερθεν","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλάζ̓","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπήδα","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑψόσε","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐπήδα","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπήδα","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἐπήδα","lemma":"πηδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b21-l270","source":"θυμῷ ἀνιάζων· ποταμὸς δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἐδάμνα","translation":"distressed at heart; beneath him the river subdued his knees,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνιάζων","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀνιάζων","lemma":"ἀνιάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπήδα","gloss":"distressed"},{"surface":"ποταμὸς","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδάμνα","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδάμνα","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἐδάμνα","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"subdued"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b21-l271","source":"λάβρος ὕπαιθα ῥέων, κονίην δʼ ὑπέρεπτε ποδοῖιν.","translation":"flowing violently, and swept the earth from under both feet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l271.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κονίην δʼ ὑπέρεπτε ποδοῖιν","title":"The ground swept away","body":"The river does not merely strike Achilles from above: it scours the soil from beneath both feet. The dual ποδοῖιν makes the loss of footing exact."}],"words":[{"surface":"λάβρος","lemma":"λάβρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"violent"},{"surface":"ὕπαιθα","lemma":"ὕπαιθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέων","gloss":"from beneath"},{"surface":"ῥέων","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδάμνα","gloss":"flowing"},{"surface":"κονίην","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπέρεπτε","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέρεπτε","lemma":"ὑπερέπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swept away"},{"surface":"ποδοῖιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέρεπτε","gloss":"both feet"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b21-l272","source":"Πηλεΐδης δʼ ᾤμωξεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν·","translation":"The son of Peleus groaned and looked into broad heaven:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾤμωξεν","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾤμωξεν","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤμωξεν","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"εὐρύν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b21-l273","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ ὡς οὔ τίς με θεῶν ἐλεεινὸν ὑπέστη","translation":"\"Father Zeus, how no god has stepped forward to save me, pitiable as I am,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπέστη","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπέστη","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σαῶσαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐλεεινὸν","lemma":"ἐλεεινός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pitiable"},{"surface":"ὑπέστη","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has stepped forward"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b21-l274","source":"ἐκ ποταμοῖο σαῶσαι· ἔπειτα δὲ καί τι πάθοιμι.","translation":"from the river! Afterward I could suffer whatever comes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"σαῶσαι","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὑπέστη","gloss":"save"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάθοιμι","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθοιμι","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πάθοιμι","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could suffer"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b21-l275","source":"ἄλλος δʼ οὔ τις μοι τόσον αἴτιος Οὐρανιώνων,","translation":"No other of the gods of heaven is so much to blame","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"αἴτιος","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"responsible"},{"surface":"Οὐρανιώνων","lemma":"Οὐρανίωνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of heavenly gods"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b21-l276","source":"ἀλλὰ φίλη μήτηρ, ἥ με ψεύδεσσιν ἔθελγεν·","translation":"as my own dear mother, who beguiled me with falsehoods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l276.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ψεύδεσσιν ἔθελγεν","title":"Beguiled with falsehoods","body":"θέλγω means to charm, enchant, or beguile; ψεύδεσσιν makes the means explicit, \"with falsehoods.\" Achilles bitterly recasts his mother's prophecy as deception."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"my dear"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθελγεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθελγεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ψεύδεσσιν","lemma":"ψεῦδος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔθελγεν","gloss":"with falsehoods"},{"surface":"ἔθελγεν","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μήτηρ","gloss":"beguiled"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b21-l277","source":"ἥ μʼ ἔφατο Τρώων ὑπὸ τείχεϊ θωρηκτάων","translation":"She said that beneath the wall of the armored Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφατο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀλέεσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔφατο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τείχεϊ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"τείχεϊ","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"θωρηκτάων","lemma":"θωρηκτής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"armored"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b21-l278","source":"λαιψηροῖς ὀλέεσθαι Ἀπόλλωνος βελέεσσιν.","translation":"I would be slain by the swift shafts of Apollo.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαιψηροῖς","lemma":"λαιψηρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βελέεσσιν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ὀλέεσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔφατο","gloss":"I would be slain"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βελέεσσιν","gloss":"of Apollo"},{"surface":"βελέεσσιν","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὀλέεσθαι","gloss":"missiles"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b21-l279","source":"ὥς μʼ ὄφελʼ Ἕκτωρ κτεῖναι ὃς ἐνθάδε γʼ ἔτραφʼ ἄριστος·","translation":"Would that Hector had killed me, the best man reared here!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄφελ̓","gloss":"would that"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτεῖναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὄφελ","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄφελ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"κτεῖναι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελ̓","gloss":"had killed"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτραφ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτραφ̓","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔτραφ","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"was reared"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b21-l280","source":"τώ κʼ ἀγαθὸς μὲν ἔπεφνʼ, ἀγαθὸν δέ κεν ἐξενάριξε·","translation":"Then a brave man would have slain me and stripped a brave man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔπεφν̓","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπεφν","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have slain"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have stripped"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b21-l281","source":"νῦν δέ με λευγαλέῳ θανάτῳ εἵμαρτο ἁλῶναι","translation":"But now I am fated to be caught by a wretched death,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵμαρτο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἁλῶναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"λευγαλέῳ","lemma":"λευγαλέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτῳ","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"θανάτῳ","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἁλῶναι","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"εἵμαρτο","lemma":"μείρομαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it had been fated"},{"surface":"ἁλῶναι","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of εἵμαρτο","gloss":"to be caught"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b21-l282","source":"ἐρχθέντʼ ἐν μεγάλῳ ποταμῷ ὡς παῖδα συφορβόν,","translation":"trapped in the great river like a swineherd's boy","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχθέντ","lemma":"ἔργνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἁλῶναι","gloss":"trapped"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμῷ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a boy"},{"surface":"συφορβόν","lemma":"συφορβός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"of a swineherd"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b21-l283","source":"ὅν ῥά τʼ ἔναυλος ἀποέρσῃ χειμῶνι περῶντα.","translation":"whom a torrent sweeps away as he crosses in a storm.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποέρσῃ","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔναυλος","lemma":"ἔναυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποέρσῃ","gloss":"a torrent"},{"surface":"ἀποέρσῃ","lemma":"ἀπόερσε","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing παῖδα","gloss":"sweeps away"},{"surface":"χειμῶνι","lemma":"χειμών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περῶντα","gloss":"in a storm"},{"surface":"περῶντα","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he crosses"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b21-l284","source":"ὣς φάτο, τῷ δὲ μάλʼ ὦκα Ποσειδάων καὶ Ἀθήνη","translation":"So he spoke; and Poseidon and Athena came very swiftly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰόντε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στήτην","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b21-l285","source":"στήτην ἐγγὺς ἰόντε, δέμας δʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἐΐκτην,","translation":"and stood near him, going in the likeness of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l285.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"στήτην ἐγγὺς ἰόντε","title":"Two gods in the dual","body":"The verb στήτην and participle ἰόντε are dual forms, marking Poseidon and Athena as an exact pair. Their bodies resemble men, but the grammar keeps their joint divine intervention clear."}],"words":[{"surface":"στήτην","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"the two stood"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰόντε","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἰόντε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to στήτην","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐΐκτην","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐΐκτην","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐΐκτην","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were like"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b21-l286","source":"χειρὶ δὲ χεῖρα λαβόντες ἐπιστώσαντʼ ἐπέεσσι.","translation":"and taking him by the hand, they made him steadfast with words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβόντες","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λαβόντες","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"λαβόντες","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπιστώσαντ̓","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ἐπιστώσαντ","lemma":"πιστόω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made steadfast"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιστώσαντ̓","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b21-l287","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·","translation":"Poseidon the earth-shaker was first to speak among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l287.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων","title":"Poseidon the earth-shaker","body":"ἐνοσίχθων is Poseidon's standing earth-shaking title. The whole line repeats an accepted formula and therefore keeps its earlier English wording exactly."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was first"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"earth-shaker"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b21-l288","source":"Πηλεΐδη μήτʼ ἄρ τι λίην τρέε μήτέ τι τάρβει·","translation":"\"Son of Peleus, do not tremble too greatly or be afraid.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδη","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τρέε","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέε","gloss":"too greatly"},{"surface":"τρέε","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tremble"},{"surface":"μήτέ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τάρβει","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τάρβει","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be afraid"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b21-l289","source":"τοίω γάρ τοι νῶϊ θεῶν ἐπιταρρόθω εἰμὲν","translation":"For we two gods are your helpers,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοίω","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιταρρόθω","gloss":"these two"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νῶϊ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἐπιταρρόθω","lemma":"ἐπιτάρροθος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"helpers"},{"surface":"εἰμὲν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b21-l290","source":"Ζηνὸς ἐπαινήσαντος ἐγὼ καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη·","translation":"with Zeus's approval — I and Pallas Athena.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l290.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ζηνὸς ἐπαινήσαντος","title":"With Zeus's approval","body":"The genitive absolute gives Zeus's sanction as the circumstance under which the two gods act. Poseidon and Athena intervene with his approval, not in defiance of him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπαινήσαντος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐπαινήσαντος","lemma":"ἐπαινέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰμὲν","gloss":"approving"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"̓ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b21-l291","source":"ὡς οὔ τοι ποταμῷ γε δαμήμεναι αἴσιμόν ἐστιν,","translation":"It is not your fate to be mastered by the river,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δαμήμεναι","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δαμήμεναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"to be mastered"},{"surface":"αἴσιμόν","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fated"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b21-l292","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅδε μὲν τάχα λωφήσει, σὺ δὲ εἴσεαι αὐτός·","translation":"but he will soon subside, as you yourself shall know.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λωφήσει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λωφήσει","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"λωφήσει","lemma":"λωφάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will subside"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴσεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσεαι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will know"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b21-l293","source":"αὐτάρ τοι πυκινῶς ὑποθησόμεθʼ αἴ κε πίθηαι·","translation":"We will give you prudent counsel, if you will obey:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτάρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑποθησόμεθ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πυκινῶς","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποθησόμεθ̓","gloss":"wisely"},{"surface":"ὑποθησόμεθ","lemma":"ὑποτίθημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we will advise"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πίθηαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"obey"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b21-l294","source":"μὴ πρὶν παύειν χεῖρας ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο","translation":"do not let your hands cease from the level war","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παύειν","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"παύειν","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"let cease"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παύειν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὁμοιΐου","lemma":"ὁμοίιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"level"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύειν","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b21-l295","source":"πρὶν κατὰ Ἰλιόφι κλυτὰ τείχεα λαὸν ἐέλσαι","translation":"until you pen within Ilion's glorious walls","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"Ἰλιόφι","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τείχεα","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τείχεα","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"τείχεα","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐέλσαι","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἐέλσαι","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"to pen"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b21-l296","source":"Τρωϊκόν, ὅς κε φύγῃσι· σὺ δʼ Ἕκτορι θυμὸν ἀπούρας","translation":"the Trojan host, whoever escapes; then, taking Hector's life,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωϊκόν","lemma":"Τρωικός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φύγῃσι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φύγῃσι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λαὸν","gloss":"escapes"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπούρας","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπούρας","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἀπούρας","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴμεν","gloss":"having taken"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b21-l297","source":"ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἴμεν· δίδομεν δέ τοι εὖχος ἀρέσθαι.","translation":"go back to the ships. We grant you the glory of victory.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴμεν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"δίδομεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we grant"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δίδομεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρέσθαι","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀρέσθαι","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δίδομεν","gloss":"to win"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b21-l298","source":"τὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰπόντε μετʼ ἀθανάτους ἀπεβήτην·","translation":"The two, when they had spoken thus, went back among the immortals.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπεβήτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπόντε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπόντε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεβήτην","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτους","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"ἀπεβήτην","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went back"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b21-l299","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ, μέγα γάρ ῥα θεῶν ὄτρυνεν ἐφετμή,","translation":"But Achilles went on, for the gods' command stirred him greatly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐφετμή","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνεν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γάρ","gloss":"stirred him"},{"surface":"ἐφετμή","lemma":"ἐφετμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b21-l300","source":"ἐς πεδίον· τὸ δὲ πᾶν πλῆθʼ ὕδατος ἐκχυμένοιο,","translation":"onto the plain; all of it was filled with outpoured water,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πᾶν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of πλῆθ̓","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"πλῆθ","lemma":"πλήθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was filled"},{"surface":"ὕδατος","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πλῆθ̓","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ἐκχυμένοιο","lemma":"ἐκχέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies ὕδατος","gloss":"poured out"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b21-l301","source":"πολλὰ δὲ τεύχεα καλὰ δαὶ κταμένων αἰζηῶν","translation":"and many fine weapons of young men killed in battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"δαὶ","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κταμένων","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"κταμένων","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies αἰζηῶν","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"αἰζηῶν","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b21-l302","source":"πλῶον καὶ νέκυες· τοῦ δʼ ὑψόσε γούνατʼ ἐπήδα","translation":"floated there, and corpses. His knees leapt high","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλῶον","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"floated"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέκυες","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"corpses"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γούνατ̓","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑψόσε","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐπήδα","gloss":"aloft"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπήδα","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἐπήδα","lemma":"πηδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b21-l303","source":"πρὸς ῥόον ἀΐσσοντος ἀνʼ ἰθύν, οὐδέ μιν ἴσχεν","translation":"as he dashed straight on against the current, nor could","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"ἀΐσσοντος","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he dashed"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"ἰθύν","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"a straight course"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴσχεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἴσχεν","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could hold"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b21-l304","source":"εὐρὺ ῥέων ποταμός· μέγα γὰρ σθένος ἔμβαλʼ Ἀθήνη.","translation":"the broad-flowing river hold him; Athena had put great strength in him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ῥέων","gloss":"broadly"},{"surface":"ῥέων","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ποταμός","gloss":"flowing"},{"surface":"ποταμός","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴσχεν","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλ","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had put"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b21-l305","source":"οὐδὲ Σκάμανδρος ἔληγε τὸ ὃν μένος, ἀλλʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον","translation":"Nor did Scamander cease from his fury, but grew still more","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σκάμανδρος","lemma":"Σκάμανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔληγε","gloss":"Scamander"},{"surface":"ἔληγε","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔληγε","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χώετο","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b21-l306","source":"χώετο Πηλεΐωνι, κόρυσσε δὲ κῦμα ῥόοιο","translation":"enraged at the son of Peleus, and he crested the river's wave,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χώετο","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew enraged"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνι","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χώετο","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"κόρυσσε","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crested"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κόρυσσε","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"ῥόοιο","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"the river"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b21-l307","source":"ὑψόσʼ ἀειρόμενος, Σιμόεντι δὲ κέκλετʼ ἀΰσας·","translation":"lifting himself high, and shouted aloud to Simoeis:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψόσ","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀειρόμενος","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ἀειρόμενος","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κόρυσσε","gloss":"lifting himself"},{"surface":"Σιμόεντι","lemma":"Σιμόεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κέκλετ̓","gloss":"Simois"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέκλετ","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κέκλετ̓","gloss":"shouting aloud"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b21-l308","source":"φίλε κασίγνητε σθένος ἀνέρος ἀμφότεροί περ","translation":"\"Dear brother, let both of us check this man's strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κασίγνητε","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κασίγνητε","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of σχῶμεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἀμφότεροί","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of σχῶμεν","gloss":"both of us"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b21-l309","source":"σχῶμεν, ἐπεὶ τάχα ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος","translation":"for soon he will sack the great city of lord Priam,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχῶμεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may stop"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκπέρσει","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσει","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b21-l310","source":"ἐκπέρσει, Τρῶες δὲ κατὰ μόθον οὐ μενέουσιν.","translation":"and the Trojans cannot stand their ground in battle.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκπέρσει","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"will sack"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μενέουσιν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μόθον","lemma":"μόθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"combat"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μενέουσιν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"will stand"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b21-l311","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπάμυνε τάχιστα, καὶ ἐμπίπληθι ῥέεθρα","translation":"Come swiftly to my aid, and fill your streams","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπάμυνε","lemma":"ἐπαμύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come to aid"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπάμυνε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμπίπληθι","lemma":"ἐμπίπλημι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fill"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμπίπληθι","gloss":"your streams"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b21-l312","source":"ὕδατος ἐκ πηγέων, πάντας δʼ ὀρόθυνον ἐναύλους,","translation":"with water from the springs, and rouse every torrent.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕδατος","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμπίπληθι","gloss":"with water"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πηγέων","lemma":"πηγή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"springs"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐναύλους","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρόθυνον","lemma":"ὀροθύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"ἐναύλους","lemma":"ἔναυλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρόθυνον","gloss":"torrents"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b21-l313","source":"ἵστη δὲ μέγα κῦμα, πολὺν δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸν ὄρινε","translation":"Raise a great wave, and stir a mighty crashing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raise"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵστη","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρυμαγδὸν","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδὸν","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"crashing"},{"surface":"ὄρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stir"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b21-l314","source":"φιτρῶν καὶ λάων, ἵνα παύσομεν ἄγριον ἄνδρα","translation":"of tree trunks and stones, so we may stop this savage man","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φιτρῶν","lemma":"φιτρός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"tree trunks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λάων","lemma":"λᾶας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"παύσομεν","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may stop"},{"surface":"ἄγριον","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσομεν","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b21-l315","source":"ὃς δὴ νῦν κρατέει, μέμονεν δʼ ὅ γε ἶσα θεοῖσι.","translation":"who now prevails and strains to match the gods.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κρατέει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κρατέει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κρατέει","lemma":"κρατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"prevails"},{"surface":"μέμονεν","lemma":"μέμονα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"strains"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of μέμονεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἶσα","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μέμονεν","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσα","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b21-l316","source":"φημὶ γὰρ οὔτε βίην χραισμησέμεν οὔτέ τι εἶδος","translation":"For I say neither strength nor beauty will help him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φημὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βίην","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of χραισμησέμεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"χραισμησέμεν","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"will help"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b21-l317","source":"οὔτε τὰ τεύχεα καλά, τά που μάλα νειόθι λίμνης","translation":"nor his fine armor, which somewhere far beneath the pool","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of κείσεθ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"νειόθι","lemma":"νειόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κείσεθ̓","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"λίμνης","lemma":"λίμνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νειόθι","gloss":"pool"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b21-l318","source":"κείσεθʼ ὑπʼ ἰλύος κεκαλυμμένα· κὰδ δέ μιν αὐτὸν","translation":"shall lie covered in mud. I will wrap the man himself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείσεθ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τεύχεα","gloss":"shall lie"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἰλύος","lemma":"ἰλύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"mud"},{"surface":"κεκαλυμμένα","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to κείσεθ̓","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰλύσω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b21-l319","source":"εἰλύσω ψαμάθοισιν ἅλις χέραδος περιχεύας","translation":"in sand and heap measureless gravel all around him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰλύσω","lemma":"εἰλύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will wrap"},{"surface":"ψαμάθοισιν","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰλύσω","gloss":"in sand"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περιχεύας","gloss":"abundantly"},{"surface":"χέραδος","lemma":"χέραδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of περιχεύας","gloss":"gravel"},{"surface":"περιχεύας","lemma":"περιχέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰλύσω","gloss":"heaping around"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b21-l320","source":"μυρίον, οὐδέ οἱ ὀστέʼ ἐπιστήσονται Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"and the Achaeans will not know how to gather up his bones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρίον","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies χέραδος","gloss":"measureless"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀστέ̓","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὀστέ","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀλλέξαι","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"ἐπιστήσονται","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will know"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιστήσονται","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b21-l321","source":"ἀλλέξαι· τόσσην οἱ ἄσιν καθύπερθε καλύψω.","translation":"so great a mass of silt will I cover over him.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλέξαι","lemma":"ἀναλέγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπιστήσονται","gloss":"to gather up"},{"surface":"τόσσην","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄσιν","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καθύπερθε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἄσιν","lemma":"ἄσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καλύψω","gloss":"silt"},{"surface":"καθύπερθε","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"καλύψω","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will cover"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b21-l322","source":"αὐτοῦ οἱ καὶ σῆμα τετεύξεται, οὐδέ τί μιν χρεὼ","translation":"There on that very spot his grave-marker shall be made; they will have no need","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετεύξεται","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τετεύξεται","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τετεύξεται","gloss":"grave-marker"},{"surface":"τετεύξεται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall be made"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"χρεὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"need"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b21-l323","source":"ἔσται τυμβοχόης, ὅτε μιν θάπτωσιν Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"to heap a burial mound for him when the Achaeans bury him.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there will be"},{"surface":"τυμβοχόης","lemma":"τυμβοχόη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χρεὼ","gloss":"of mound-heaping"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θάπτωσιν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θάπτωσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θάπτωσιν","lemma":"θάπτω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"they bury"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θάπτωσιν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b21-l324","source":"ἦ, καὶ ἐπῶρτʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ κυκώμενος ὑψόσε θύων","translation":"He spoke, and rose high against Achilles, surging in turmoil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπῶρτ","lemma":"ἐπόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose against"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπῶρτ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"κυκώμενος","lemma":"κυκάω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπῶρτ̓","gloss":"surging in turmoil"},{"surface":"ὑψόσε","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θύων","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"θύων","lemma":"θύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπῶρτ̓","gloss":"rising"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b21-l325","source":"μορμύρων ἀφρῷ τε καὶ αἵματι καὶ νεκύεσσι.","translation":"roaring with foam and blood and corpses.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l325.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀφρῷ τε καὶ αἵματι καὶ νεκύεσσι","title":"Foam, blood, and corpses","body":"The three dative nouns name what churns within the river's rising flood. Homer keeps the mechanics of the attack inseparable from the bodies Achilles has thrown into the water."}],"words":[{"surface":"μορμύρων","lemma":"μορμύρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπῶρτ̓","gloss":"roaring"},{"surface":"ἀφρῷ","lemma":"ἀφρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with foam"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεκύεσσι","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with corpses"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b21-l326","source":"πορφύρεον δʼ ἄρα κῦμα διιπετέος ποταμοῖο","translation":"The dark wave of the heaven-fed river","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πορφύρεον","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵστατ̓","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"διιπετέος","lemma":"Διιπετής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"heaven-fed"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"river"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b21-l327","source":"ἵστατʼ ἀειρόμενον, κατὰ δʼ ᾕρεε Πηλεΐωνα·","translation":"stood towering up and bore the son of Peleus down.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵστατ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἀειρόμενον","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ἵστατ̓","gloss":"towering up"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾕρεε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ᾕρεε","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b21-l328","source":"Ἥρη δὲ μέγʼ ἄϋσε περιδείσασʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ","translation":"Hera cried aloud, in great fear for Achilles,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄϋσε","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσε","gloss":"aloud"},{"surface":"ἄϋσε","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"περιδείσασ","lemma":"περιδείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσε","gloss":"greatly fearing"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιδείσασ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b21-l329","source":"μή μιν ἀποέρσειε μέγας ποταμὸς βαθυδίνης,","translation":"lest the great deep-swirling river sweep him away,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποέρσειε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀποέρσειε","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"sweep away"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"the great"},{"surface":"ποταμὸς","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποέρσειε","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"βαθυδίνης","lemma":"βαθυδίνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"deep-swirling"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b21-l330","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ Ἥφαιστον προσεφώνεεν ὃν φίλον υἱόν·","translation":"and at once she called to Hephaestus, her own dear son:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστον","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστον","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b21-l331","source":"ὄρσεο κυλλοπόδιον ἐμὸν τέκος· ἄντα σέθεν γὰρ","translation":"\"Rise, my child, god of crooked feet; for against you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l331.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κυλλοπόδιον","title":"God of crooked feet","body":"Hera addresses Hephaestus with an epithet built on his crooked feet. It remains distinct from the fuller traditional title rendered \"lame in both legs.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρσεο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise up"},{"surface":"κυλλοπόδιον","lemma":"Κυλλοποδίων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"crooked-footed god"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κυλλοπόδιον","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b21-l332","source":"Ξάνθον δινήεντα μάχῃ ἠΐσκομεν εἶναι·","translation":"we reckoned eddying Xanthus would be matched in battle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ξάνθον","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"Xanthus","note":"Xanthus is the divine river also called Scamander."},{"surface":"δινήεντα","lemma":"δινήεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ξάνθον","gloss":"eddying"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"ἠΐσκομεν","lemma":"ἐίσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we reckoned"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠΐσκομεν","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b21-l333","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπάμυνε τάχιστα, πιφαύσκεο δὲ φλόγα πολλήν.","translation":"Come swiftly to our aid and show forth abundant flame.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπάμυνε","lemma":"ἐπαμύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come to aid"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπάμυνε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"πιφαύσκεο","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"show forth"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φλόγα","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πιφαύσκεο","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"πολλήν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φλόγα","gloss":"abundant"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b21-l334","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Ζεφύροιο καὶ ἀργεστᾶο Νότοιο","translation":"But I will go, and from Zephyrus and clearing Notus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Ζεφύροιο","lemma":"ζέφυρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Zephyrus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργεστᾶο","lemma":"ἀργεστής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νότοιο","gloss":"clearing"},{"surface":"Νότοιο","lemma":"Νότος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Notus"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b21-l335","source":"εἴσομαι ἐξ ἁλόθεν χαλεπὴν ὄρσουσα θύελλαν,","translation":"raise a cruel storm out of the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴσομαι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will go"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἁλόθεν","lemma":"ἁλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"from the sea"},{"surface":"χαλεπὴν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θύελλαν","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"ὄρσουσα","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἴσομαι","gloss":"raising"},{"surface":"θύελλαν","lemma":"θύελλα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄρσουσα","gloss":"a storm"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b21-l336","source":"ἥ κεν ἀπὸ Τρώων κεφαλὰς καὶ τεύχεα κήαι","translation":"to burn the Trojans' heads and armor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κήαι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"κεφαλὰς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the armor"},{"surface":"κήαι","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θύελλαν","gloss":"might burn"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b21-l337","source":"φλέγμα κακὸν φορέουσα· σὺ δὲ Ξάνθοιο παρʼ ὄχθας","translation":"as it bears the destroying flame. Along Xanthus's banks","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φλέγμα","lemma":"φλέγμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φορέουσα","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φλέγμα","gloss":"destroying"},{"surface":"φορέουσα","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κήαι","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καῖ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ξάνθοιο","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄχθας","gloss":"Xanthus's"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ὄχθας","lemma":"ὄχθη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"the banks"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b21-l338","source":"δένδρεα καῖʼ, ἐν δʼ αὐτὸν ἵει πυρί· μὴ δέ σε πάμπαν","translation":"burn the trees, and cast fire upon the river himself. Do not let him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δένδρεα","lemma":"δένδρεον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καῖ̓","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"καῖ","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burn"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἵει","gloss":"the river himself"},{"surface":"ἵει","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"πυρί","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποτρεπέτω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποτρεπέτω","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b21-l339","source":"μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσιν ἀποτρεπέτω καὶ ἀρειῇ·","translation":"turn you back at all with soothing words or threats.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μειλιχίοις","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"with soothing"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"ἀποτρεπέτω","lemma":"ἀποτρέπω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn back"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀρειῇ","lemma":"ἀρειή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"threats"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b21-l340","source":"μὴ δὲ πρὶν ἀπόπαυε τεὸν μένος, ἀλλʼ ὁπότʼ ἂν δὴ","translation":"Do not cease your fury before the moment when","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόπαυε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἀπόπαυε","lemma":"ἀποπαύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cease"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπόπαυε","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁπότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φθέγξομ̓","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b21-l341","source":"φθέγξομʼ ἐγὼν ἰάχουσα, τότε σχεῖν ἀκάματον πῦρ.","translation":"I lift my voice and cry out; then stay your tireless fire.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθέγξομ","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τότε","gloss":"I speak"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of φθέγξομ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἰάχουσα","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to φθέγξομ̓","gloss":"crying out"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχεῖν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σχεῖν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"ἀκάματον","lemma":"ἀκάματος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of σχεῖν","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b21-l342","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἥφαιστος δὲ τιτύσκετο θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ.","translation":"So she spoke, and Hephaestus made ready a wondrous blaze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l342.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ","title":"Wondrous blaze","body":"θεσπιδαής marks the blaze as uncanny and overwhelming. Here it is literal divine fire prepared by Hephaestus at Hera's command."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τιτύσκετο","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τιτύσκετο","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"θεσπιδαὲς","lemma":"θεσπιδαής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τιτύσκετο","gloss":"blaze"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b21-l343","source":"πρῶτα μὲν ἐν πεδίῳ πῦρ δαίετο, καῖε δὲ νεκροὺς","translation":"First on the plain the fire blazed and burned the corpses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δαίετο","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"on the plain"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δαίετο","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"δαίετο","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blazed"},{"surface":"καῖε","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was burning"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεκροὺς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καῖε","gloss":"corpses"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b21-l344","source":"πολλούς, οἵ ῥα κατʼ αὐτὸν ἅλις ἔσαν, οὓς κτάνʼ Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"many that lay thick within him, men Achilles had killed.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλούς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νεκροὺς","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"within him"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτάν̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"κτάν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"had killed"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κτάν̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b21-l345","source":"πᾶν δʼ ἐξηράνθη πεδίον, σχέτο δʼ ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ.","translation":"The whole plain dried, and the shining water was checked.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξηράνθη","lemma":"ξηραίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dried"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐξηράνθη","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"σχέτο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stopped"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of σχέτο","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b21-l346","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ὀπωρινὸς Βορέης νεοαρδέʼ ἀλωὴν","translation":"As when autumnal Boreas quickly dries","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἀγξηράνῃ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὀπωρινὸς","lemma":"ὀπωρινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Βορέης","gloss":"autumnal"},{"surface":"Βορέης","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγξηράνῃ","gloss":"Boreas"},{"surface":"νεοαρδέ","lemma":"νεοαρδής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλωὴν","gloss":"newly watered"},{"surface":"ἀλωὴν","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγξηράνῃ","gloss":"orchard"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b21-l347","source":"αἶψʼ ἀγξηράνῃ· χαίρει δέ μιν ὅς τις ἐθείρῃ·","translation":"a newly watered orchard, and the man who tills it rejoices,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγξηράνῃ","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἀγξηράνῃ","lemma":"ἀναξηραίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"dries"},{"surface":"χαίρει","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rejoices"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐθείρῃ","gloss":"at it"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθείρῃ","gloss":"the man who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἐθείρῃ","lemma":"ἐθείρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of χαίρει","gloss":"tills"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b21-l348","source":"ὣς ἐξηράνθη πεδίον πᾶν, κὰδ δʼ ἄρα νεκροὺς","translation":"so the whole plain dried, and Hephaestus burned up","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξηράνθη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐξηράνθη","lemma":"ξηραίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dried"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐξηράνθη","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νεκροὺς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κῆεν","gloss":"corpses"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b21-l349","source":"κῆεν· ὃ δʼ ἐς ποταμὸν τρέψε φλόγα παμφανόωσαν.","translation":"the corpses; then he turned his all-shining flame upon the river.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆεν","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τρέψε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ποταμὸν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"τρέψε","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"φλόγα","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τρέψε","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"παμφανόωσαν","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies φλόγα","gloss":"all-shining"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b21-l350","source":"καίοντο πτελέαι τε καὶ ἰτέαι ἠδὲ μυρῖκαι,","translation":"The elms burned, and the willows and tamarisks;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καίοντο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were burning"},{"surface":"πτελέαι","lemma":"πτελέα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"elms"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰτέαι","lemma":"ἰτέα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"willows"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μυρῖκαι","lemma":"μυρίκη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tamarisks"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b21-l351","source":"καίετο δὲ λωτός τε ἰδὲ θρύον ἠδὲ κύπειρον,","translation":"the lotus burned, and rushes and galingale,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καίετο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λωτός","lemma":"λωτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"lotus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρύον","lemma":"θρύον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"rushes"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύπειρον","lemma":"κύπειρον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"galingale"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b21-l352","source":"τὰ περὶ καλὰ ῥέεθρα ἅλις ποταμοῖο πεφύκει·","translation":"all that grew thick beside the river's lovely streams.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of πεφύκει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεφύκει","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"of the river"},{"surface":"πεφύκει","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"had grown"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b21-l353","source":"τείροντʼ ἐγχέλυές τε καὶ ἰχθύες οἳ κατὰ δίνας,","translation":"The eels and fish were tormented in the eddies,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l353.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐγχέλυές τε καὶ ἰχθύες","title":"Eels and fish","body":"Homer names both eels and fish as living inhabitants of the river. Their suffering makes the fire's reach ecological and physical, not merely a contest between two abstract elements."}],"words":[{"surface":"τείροντ","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were tormented"},{"surface":"ἐγχέλυές","lemma":"ἔγχελυς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"eels"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰχθύες","lemma":"ἰχθύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fish"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δίνας","lemma":"δίνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"eddies"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b21-l354","source":"οἳ κατὰ καλὰ ῥέεθρα κυβίστων ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα","translation":"tumbling here and there through the lovely streams,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κυβίστων","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"κυβίστων","lemma":"κυβιστάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"were tumbling"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b21-l355","source":"πνοιῇ τειρόμενοι πολυμήτιος Ἡφαίστοιο.","translation":"distressed by the breath of Hephaestus of many wiles.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l355.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολυμήτιος Ἡφαίστοιο","title":"Hephaestus of many wiles","body":"πολύμητις praises abundant cunning or inventive counsel. Applied to Hephaestus, it suits the craftsman's intelligent mastery of fire."}],"words":[{"surface":"πνοιῇ","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τειρόμενοι","gloss":"by the breath"},{"surface":"τειρόμενοι","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κυβίστων","gloss":"tormented"},{"surface":"πολυμήτιος","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἡφαίστοιο","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πνοιῇ","gloss":"Hephaestus"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b21-l356","source":"καίετο δʼ ἲς ποταμοῖο ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"The river's strength burned, and he spoke and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l356.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἲς ποταμοῖο","title":"The river's living strength","body":"ἴς means force or strength, but here the river's power speaks as the river god himself. The phrasing joins the burning water and its divine person without creating a separate agent."}],"words":[{"surface":"καίετο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was burning"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"of the river"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b21-l357","source":"Ἥφαιστʼ, οὔ τις σοί γε θεῶν δύνατʼ ἀντιφερίζειν,","translation":"\"Hephaestus, no god can contend against you,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστ","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύνατ̓","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντιφερίζειν","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"δύνατ","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ἀντιφερίζειν","lemma":"ἀντιφερίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δύνατ̓","gloss":"contend"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b21-l358","source":"οὐδʼ ἂν ἐγὼ σοί γʼ ὧδε πυρὶ φλεγέθοντι μαχοίμην.","translation":"nor would I fight you while you blaze with fire like this.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχοίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μαχοίμην","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φλεγέθοντι","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to φλεγέθοντι","gloss":"with fire"},{"surface":"φλεγέθοντι","lemma":"φλεγέθω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"μαχοίμην","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fight"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b21-l359","source":"λῆγʼ ἔριδος, Τρῶας δὲ καὶ αὐτίκα δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"Cease from strife; let godlike Achilles drive the Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λῆγ","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cease"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λῆγ̓","gloss":"from strife"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξελάσειε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξελάσειε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξελάσειε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b21-l360","source":"ἄστεος ἐξελάσειε· τί μοι ἔριδος καὶ ἀρωγῆς;","translation":"out of the city at once. What have I to do with strife or aid?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστεος","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξελάσειε","gloss":"from the city"},{"surface":"ἐξελάσειε","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might drive out"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of strife"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρωγῆς","lemma":"ἀρωγή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"aid"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b21-l361","source":"φῆ πυρὶ καιόμενος, ἀνὰ δʼ ἔφλυε καλὰ ῥέεθρα.","translation":"He spoke, burning in the fire, and his lovely streams boiled up.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καιόμενος","gloss":"with fire"},{"surface":"καιόμενος","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φῆ","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφλυε","lemma":"φλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boiled up"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔφλυε","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b21-l362","source":"ὡς δὲ λέβης ζεῖ ἔνδον ἐπειγόμενος πυρὶ πολλῷ","translation":"As a cauldron boils within, pressed hard by abundant fire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζεῖ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέβης","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ζεῖ","gloss":"cauldron"},{"surface":"ζεῖ","lemma":"ζέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"boils"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζεῖ","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενος","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ζεῖ","gloss":"pressed hard"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπειγόμενος","gloss":"with fire"},{"surface":"πολλῷ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὶ","gloss":"abundant"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b21-l363","source":"κνίσην μελδόμενος ἁπαλοτρεφέος σιάλοιο","translation":"melting the fat of a tenderly fed hog,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνίσην","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μελδόμενος","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"μελδόμενος","lemma":"μέλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ζεῖ","gloss":"melting"},{"surface":"ἁπαλοτρεφέος","lemma":"ἁπαλοτρεφής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σιάλοιο","gloss":"tenderly fed"},{"surface":"σιάλοιο","lemma":"σίαλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κνίσην","gloss":"hog"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b21-l364","source":"πάντοθεν ἀμβολάδην, ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα κάγκανα κεῖται,","translation":"bubbling up on every side while dry sticks lie beneath,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοθεν","lemma":"πάντοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμβολάδην","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἀμβολάδην","lemma":"ἀμβολάδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζεῖ","gloss":"bubbling up"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξύλα","lemma":"ξύλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"sticks"},{"surface":"κάγκανα","lemma":"κάγκανος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξύλα","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"lie"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b21-l365","source":"ὣς τοῦ καλὰ ῥέεθρα πυρὶ φλέγετο, ζέε δʼ ὕδωρ·","translation":"so his lovely streams burned with fire, and the water boiled.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of φλέγετο","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φλέγετο","gloss":"with fire"},{"surface":"φλέγετο","lemma":"φλέγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was burning"},{"surface":"ζέε","lemma":"ζέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boiled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ζέε","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b21-l366","source":"οὐδʼ ἔθελε προρέειν, ἀλλʼ ἴσχετο· τεῖρε δʼ ἀϋτμὴ","translation":"It would not flow onward but was held; the blast","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not wish"},{"surface":"προρέειν","lemma":"προρέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελε","gloss":"flow onward"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴσχετο","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was held"},{"surface":"τεῖρε","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"oppressed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀϋτμὴ","lemma":"ἀυτμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τεῖρε","gloss":"breath"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b21-l367","source":"Ἡφαίστοιο βίηφι πολύφρονος. αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ Ἥρην","translation":"of resourceful Hephaestus oppressed it with force. Then the river","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l367.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ἡφαίστοιο βίηφι","title":"By Hephaestus's force","body":"The dative βίηφι expresses the force by which the river is oppressed. Agency remains with Hephaestus; the hot blast is the means of his attack."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίηφι","gloss":"of Hephaestus"},{"surface":"βίηφι","lemma":"βία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀϋτμὴ","gloss":"with force"},{"surface":"πολύφρονος","lemma":"πολύφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἡφαίστοιο","gloss":"resourceful"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἥρην","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b21-l368","source":"πολλὰ λισσόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"earnestly implored Hera and addressed her with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to λισσόμενος","gloss":"earnestly"},{"surface":"λισσόμενος","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"imploring"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b21-l369","source":"Ἥρη τίπτε σὸς υἱὸς ἐμὸν ῥόον ἔχραε κήδειν","translation":"\"Hera, why has your son attacked my stream to afflict it","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχραε","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"σὸς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχραε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ῥόον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχραε","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"ἔχραε","lemma":"χραύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"attacked"},{"surface":"κήδειν","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔχραε","gloss":"to afflict"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b21-l370","source":"ἐξ ἄλλων; οὐ μέν τοι ἐγὼ τόσον αἴτιός εἰμι","translation":"above the others? I am not so much to blame in your eyes","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in your eyes"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰμι","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"αἴτιός","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to blame"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b21-l371","source":"ὅσσον οἱ ἄλλοι πάντες, ὅσοι Τρώεσσιν ἀρωγοί.","translation":"as all the other gods who are helpers of the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρωγοί","lemma":"ἀρωγός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"helpers"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b21-l372","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼν ἀποπαύσομαι εἰ σὺ κελεύεις,","translation":"I will indeed cease, if you command it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποπαύσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀποπαύσομαι","lemma":"ἀποπαύω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will cease"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κελεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b21-l373","source":"παυέσθω δὲ καὶ οὗτος· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπὶ καὶ τόδʼ ὀμοῦμαι,","translation":"and let this god cease as well. I will swear this oath besides:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l373.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπὶ καὶ τόδʼ ὀμοῦμαι","title":"The river swears an oath","body":"The future ὀμοῦμαι introduces the river's formal promise, whose content begins with the future infinitive on the next line. Xanthus binds himself to withdraw support from Troy."}],"words":[{"surface":"παυέσθω","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him cease"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of παυέσθω","gloss":"this god"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀμοῦμαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ὀμοῦμαι","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I swear"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b21-l374","source":"μή ποτʼ ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀλεξήσειν κακὸν ἦμαρ,","translation":"never to ward the evil day from the Trojans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l374.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μή ποτʼ ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀλεξήσειν","title":"Oath in the future infinitive","body":"The negative μή ποτε and future infinitive ἀλεξήσειν give the content of Xanthus's oath: never again to ward disaster from Troy. The line repeats accepted Greek and keeps its accepted English exactly."}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἀλεξήσειν","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλεξήσειν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀλεξήσειν","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to ward off"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"the evil"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀλεξήσειν","gloss":"the day"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b21-l375","source":"μὴ δʼ ὁπότʼ ἂν Τροίη μαλερῷ πυρὶ πᾶσα δάηται","translation":"not even when all Troy burns in ravening fire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὁπότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Τροίη","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δάηται","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"μαλερῷ","lemma":"μαλερός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὶ","gloss":"ravening"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δάηται","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίη","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δάηται","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"burns"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b21-l376","source":"καιομένη, καίωσι δʼ ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"burning as the warlike sons of the Achaeans set it ablaze.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καιομένη","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to δάηται","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"καίωσι","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"set ablaze"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊοι","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καίωσι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b21-l377","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,","translation":"But when the goddess white-armed Hera heard him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l377.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη","title":"White-armed Hera","body":"λευκώλενος is Hera's standing white-armed epithet. It remains distinct from her ox-eyed, queenly and golden-throned formulas."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἄκουσε","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄκουσε","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b21-l378","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἄρʼ Ἥφαιστον προσεφώνεεν ὃν φίλον υἱόν·","translation":"at once she called to Hephaestus, her own dear son:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστον","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστον","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b21-l379","source":"Ἥφαιστε σχέο τέκνον ἀγακλεές· οὐ γὰρ ἔοικεν","translation":"\"Hephaestus, hold, my glorious child. It is not fitting","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστε","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"σχέο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστε","gloss":"my child"},{"surface":"ἀγακλεές","lemma":"ἀγακλεής","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔοικεν","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is fitting"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b21-l380","source":"ἀθάνατον θεὸν ὧδε βροτῶν ἕνεκα στυφελίζειν.","translation":"to batter an immortal god like this for mortals' sake.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατον","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of στυφελίζειν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στυφελίζειν","gloss":"in this way"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκα","gloss":"for mortals"},{"surface":"ἕνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"στυφελίζειν","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔοικεν","gloss":"to batter"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b21-l381","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἥφαιστος δὲ κατέσβεσε θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ,","translation":"So she spoke, and Hephaestus quenched the wondrous blaze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέσβεσε","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατέσβεσε","lemma":"κατασβέννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"quenched"},{"surface":"θεσπιδαὲς","lemma":"θεσπιδαής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατέσβεσε","gloss":"blaze"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b21-l382","source":"ἄψορρον δʼ ἄρα κῦμα κατέσσυτο καλὰ ῥέεθρα.","translation":"and the wave rushed back again down the lovely streams.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄψορρον","lemma":"ἄψορρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κατέσσυτο","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κατέσσυτο","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"κατέσσυτο","lemma":"κατασεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed down"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατέσσυτο","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b21-l383","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Ξάνθοιο δάμη μένος, οἳ μὲν ἔπειτα","translation":"When Xanthus's fury was mastered, the two then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δάμη","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Ξάνθοιο","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"δάμη","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to παυσάσθην","gloss":"was mastered"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δάμη","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παυσάσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παυσάσθην","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b21-l384","source":"παυσάσθην, Ἥρη γὰρ ἐρύκακε χωομένη περ·","translation":"ceased, for Hera restrained them, angry though she was.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l384.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"παυσάσθην","title":"The two combatants cease","body":"παυσάσθην is dual: Hephaestus and Xanthus cease together after Hera intervenes. Hera restrains the elemental combat rather than one god independently defeating the other after the oath."}],"words":[{"surface":"παυσάσθην","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"both ceased","note":"The Greek dual verb marks both Xanthus and Hephaestus ceasing."},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐρύκακε","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐρύκακε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γὰρ","gloss":"restrained them"},{"surface":"χωομένη","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐρύκακε","gloss":"though angry"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b21-l385","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄλλοισι θεοῖσιν ἔρις πέσε βεβριθυῖα","translation":"But among the other gods heavy strife fell,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέσε","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"πέσε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"βεβριθυῖα","lemma":"βρίθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies ἔρις","gloss":"heavy"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b21-l386","source":"ἀργαλέη, δίχα δέ σφιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἄητο·","translation":"grievous, and their hearts blew two ways within them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργαλέη","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔρις","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"δίχα","lemma":"δίχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄητο","gloss":"two ways"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"their minds"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄητο","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"ἄητο","lemma":"ἄημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blew"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b21-l387","source":"σὺν δʼ ἔπεσον μεγάλῳ πατάγῳ, βράχε δʼ εὐρεῖα χθών,","translation":"They clashed with a mighty crash, and the broad earth groaned,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clashed"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατάγῳ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"πατάγῳ","lemma":"πάταγος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπεσον","gloss":"crash"},{"surface":"βράχε","lemma":"βραχεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐρεῖα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθών","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"χθών","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βράχε","gloss":"the earth"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b21-l388","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ σάλπιγξεν μέγας οὐρανός. ἄϊε δὲ Ζεὺς","translation":"and great heaven rang around like a trumpet. Zeus heard it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σάλπιγξεν","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σάλπιγξεν","lemma":"σαλπίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang like a trumpet"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανός","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"οὐρανός","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σάλπιγξεν","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἄϊε","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄϊε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b21-l389","source":"ἥμενος Οὐλύμπῳ· ἐγέλασσε δέ οἱ φίλον ἦτορ","translation":"as he sat on Olympus, and his dear heart laughed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενος","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄϊε","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμπῳ","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἥμενος","gloss":"on Olympus"},{"surface":"ἐγέλασσε","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"his dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐγέλασσε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b21-l390","source":"γηθοσύνῃ, ὅθʼ ὁρᾶτο θεοὺς ἔριδι ξυνιόντας.","translation":"for joy when he saw the gods joining in strife.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γηθοσύνῃ","lemma":"γηθοσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγέλασσε","gloss":"for joy"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρᾶτο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὁρᾶτο","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐγέλασσε","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρᾶτο","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἔριδι","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ξυνιόντας","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ξυνιόντας","lemma":"σύνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"joining"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b21-l391","source":"ἔνθʼ οἵ γʼ οὐκέτι δηρὸν ἀφέστασαν· ἦρχε γὰρ Ἄρης","translation":"Then they stood apart no longer; Ares began it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφέστασαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀφέστασαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφέστασαν","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀφέστασαν","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἀφέστασαν","lemma":"ἀφίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood apart"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b21-l392","source":"ῥινοτόρος, καὶ πρῶτος Ἀθηναίῃ ἐπόρουσε","translation":"the shield-piercer, and first sprang upon Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l392.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥινοτόρος","title":"Ares the shield-piercer","body":"ῥινοτόρος is built from hide and piercing: Ares is the piercer of rawhide shields. The epithet anticipates his spear-strike against Athena's aegis."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥινοτόρος","lemma":"ῥινοτόρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"shield-piercer"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίῃ","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang upon"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b21-l393","source":"χάλκεον ἔγχος ἔχων, καὶ ὀνείδειον φάτο μῦθον·","translation":"with bronze spear in hand, and spoke a taunting word:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνείδειον","lemma":"ὀνείδειος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"taunting"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"speech"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b21-l394","source":"τίπτʼ αὖτʼ ὦ κυνάμυια θεοὺς ἔριδι ξυνελαύνεις","translation":"\"Why again, dog-fly, do you drive the gods together in strife","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτ","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"κυνάμυια","lemma":"κυνάμυια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dog-fly"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ξυνελαύνεις","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἔριδι","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ξυνελαύνεις","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ξυνελαύνεις","lemma":"συνελαύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you drive together"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b21-l395","source":"θάρσος ἄητον ἔχουσα, μέγας δέ σε θυμὸς ἀνῆκεν;","translation":"in your headlong daring? Has your great heart urged you on?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσος","lemma":"θάρσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσα","gloss":"daring"},{"surface":"ἄητον","lemma":"ἄητος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies θάρσος","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"ἔχουσα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ξυνελαύνεις","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκεν","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged on"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b21-l396","source":"ἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε Τυδεΐδην Διομήδεʼ ἀνῆκας","translation":"Do you not remember when you urged Diomedes, son of Tydeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέμνῃ","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδην","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδἐ","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"Διομήδε","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὐτάμεναι","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκας","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"you urged"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b21-l397","source":"οὐτάμεναι, αὐτὴ δὲ πανόψιον ἔγχος ἑλοῦσα","translation":"to wound me, and yourself took the spear in plain sight","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐτάμεναι","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνῆκας","gloss":"to wound"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πανόψιον","lemma":"πανόψιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὦσας","gloss":"in plain sight"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλοῦσα","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἑλοῦσα","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὦσας","gloss":"taking"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b21-l398","source":"ἰθὺς ἐμεῦ ὦσας, διὰ δὲ χρόα καλὸν ἔδαψας;","translation":"and thrust it straight at me, tearing my fair flesh?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight at"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰθὺς","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὦσας","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"you thrust"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδαψας","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"ἔδαψας","lemma":"δάπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"you tore"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b21-l399","source":"τώ σʼ αὖ νῦν ὀΐω ἀποτισέμεν ὅσσα ἔοργας.","translation":"Now I think I will repay you for all that you have done.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποτισέμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποτισέμεν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποτισέμεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"ἀποτισέμεν","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"I will repay"},{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔοργας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔοργας","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἀποτισέμεν","gloss":"you have done"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b21-l400","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν οὔτησε κατʼ αἰγίδα θυσσανόεσσαν","translation":"So he spoke and struck her tasseled aegis,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτησε","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οὔτησε","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"αἰγίδα","lemma":"αἰγίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"aegis"},{"surface":"θυσσανόεσσαν","lemma":"θυσανόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"tasseled"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b21-l401","source":"σμερδαλέην, ἣν οὐδὲ Διὸς δάμνησι κεραυνός·","translation":"terrible, which not even Zeus's thunderbolt can master.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέην","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δάμνησι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεραυνός","gloss":"Zeus's"},{"surface":"δάμνησι","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αἰγίδα","gloss":"can master"},{"surface":"κεραυνός","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δάμνησι","gloss":"thunderbolt"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b21-l402","source":"τῇ μιν Ἄρης οὔτησε μιαιφόνος ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ.","translation":"On it blood-stained Ares struck her with his long spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔτησε","gloss":"on it"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of οὔτησε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτησε","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"οὔτησε","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies λίθον","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"μέλανα","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"τρηχύν","lemma":"τραχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"rugged"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b21-l405","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἄνδρες πρότεροι θέσαν ἔμμεναι οὖρον ἀρούρης·","translation":"men of former days had set it as the boundary of a field.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θέσαν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"πρότεροι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"of old"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λίθον","gloss":"had set"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to θέσαν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"οὖρον","lemma":"ὅρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"boundary"},{"surface":"ἀρούρης","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies οὖρον","gloss":"of a field"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b21-l406","source":"τῷ βάλε θοῦρον Ἄρηα κατʼ αὐχένα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα.","translation":"With it she struck furious Ares on the neck and loosed his limbs.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"with it"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main 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land as he fell, and fouled his hair with dust,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑπτὰ","lemma":"ἑπτά","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies πέλεθρα","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέσχε","lemma":"ἐπέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"πέλεθρα","lemma":"πέλεθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέσχε","gloss":"measures"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσχε","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἐκόνισε","lemma":"κονίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fouled with dust"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαίτας","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκόνισε","gloss":"his hair"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b21-l408","source":"τεύχεά τʼ ἀμφαράβησε· γέλασσε δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη,","translation":"and his armor rang around him. Pallas Athena laughed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεά","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀμφαράβησε","gloss":"his armor"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφαράβησε","lemma":"ἀμφαραβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang around"},{"surface":"γέλασσε","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γέλασσε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b21-l409","source":"καί οἱ ἐπευχομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and exulting over him, addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπευχομένη","gloss":"over him"},{"surface":"ἐπευχομένη","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"exulting"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b21-l410","source":"νηπύτιʼ οὐδέ νύ πώ περ ἐπεφράσω ὅσσον ἀρείων","translation":"\"Fool, have you still not learned how much stronger","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηπύτι","lemma":"νηπύτιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐπεφράσω","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπεφράσω","lemma":"ἐπιφράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular 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of εὔχομ̓","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰσοφαρίζεις","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἰσοφαρίζεις","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"ἰσοφαρίζεις","lemma":"ἰσοφαρίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτι","gloss":"you match"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b21-l412","source":"οὕτω κεν τῆς μητρὸς ἐρινύας ἐξαποτίνοις,","translation":"So may you pay your mother's Erinyes to the full,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μήδεται","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χωομένη","gloss":"against you"},{"surface":"χωομένη","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μήδεται","gloss":"being angry"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μήδεται","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"μήδεται","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μητρὸς","gloss":"devises"},{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κάλλιπες","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b21-l414","source":"κάλλιπες, αὐτὰρ Τρωσὶν ὑπερφιάλοισιν ἀμύνεις.","translation":"you abandoned the Achaeans and defend the insolent Trojans.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάλλιπες","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αὐτὰρ","gloss":"you abandoned"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνεις","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλοισιν","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρωσὶν","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"ἀμύνεις","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αὐτὰρ","gloss":"you defend"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b21-l415","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πάλιν τρέπεν ὄσσε φαεινώ·","translation":"So she spoke and turned her shining eyes away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασα","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τρέπεν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of τρέπεν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"τρέπεν","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"accusative dual 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particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"στενάχοντα","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"μόγις","lemma":"μόγις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσαγείρετο","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσαγείρετο","lemma":"εἰσαγείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was gathering"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐσαγείρετο","gloss":"his spirit"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b21-l418","source":"τὴν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,","translation":"But when the goddess white-armed Hera saw her,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b21-l419","source":"αὐτίκʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"at once she addressed Athena with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b21-l420","source":"ὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος Ἀτρυτώνη","translation":"\"Ah, shame, child of Zeus who bears the aegis, unwearied one,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"Ἀτρυτώνη","lemma":"Ἀτρυτώνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"unwearied one"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b21-l421","source":"καὶ δʼ αὖθʼ ἡ κυνάμυια ἄγει βροτολοιγὸν Ἄρηα","translation":"again the dog-fly is leading Ares, bane of mortals,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγει","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies κυνάμυια","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"κυνάμυια","lemma":"κυνάμυια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄγει","gloss":"dog-fly"},{"surface":"ἄγει","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is leading"},{"surface":"βροτολοιγὸν","lemma":"βροτολοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"bane of mortals"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγει","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b21-l422","source":"δηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο κατὰ κλόνον· ἀλλὰ μέτελθε.","translation":"out of the destructive battle through the tumult. Go after her.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηΐου","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"destructive"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"κλόνον","lemma":"κλόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"tumult"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μέτελθε","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go after her"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b21-l423","source":"ὣς φάτʼ, Ἀθηναίη δὲ μετέσσυτο, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ,","translation":"So she spoke, and Athena rushed after her, glad at heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μετέσσυτο","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέσσυτο","lemma":"μετασεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed after"},{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was glad"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χαῖρε","gloss":"in her heart"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b21-l424","source":"καί ῥʼ ἐπιεισαμένη πρὸς στήθεα χειρὶ παχείῃ","translation":"and lunging at her, struck her breast with her stout hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπιεισαμένη","lemma":"ἐφίζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤλασε","gloss":"lunging"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"στήθεα","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤλασε","gloss":"with her hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"stout"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b21-l425","source":"ἤλασε· τῆς δʼ αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ.","translation":"Her knees and dear heart gave way there on the spot.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλασε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύτο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λύτο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave way"},{"surface":"γούνατα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b21-l426","source":"τὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ἄμφω κεῖντο ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ,","translation":"So both lay on the earth that feeds many,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖντο","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies τὼ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"κεῖντο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"πουλυβοτείρῃ","lemma":"πουλυβότειρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθονὶ","gloss":"all-nourishing"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b21-l427","source":"ἣ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπευχομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευε·","translation":"and Athena exulted over them and spoke winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπευχομένη","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"exulting"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντ","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b21-l428","source":"τοιοῦτοι νῦν πάντες ὅσοι Τρώεσσιν ἀρωγοὶ","translation":"\"May all who are helpers of the Trojans now be such","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιοῦτοι","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἶεν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρωγοὶ","lemma":"ἀρωγός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"helpers"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b21-l429","source":"εἶεν, ὅτʼ Ἀργείοισι μαχοίατο θωρηκτῇσιν,","translation":"when they fight the armored Argives —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may they be"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχοίατο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine 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noun","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τλήμονες","lemma":"τλήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"enduring"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b21-l431","source":"ἦλθεν Ἄρῃ ἐπίκουρος ἐμῷ μένει ἀντιόωσα·","translation":"who came to aid Ares and faced my fury.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὧδέ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Ἄρῃ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπίκουρος","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουρος","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as helper"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένει","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μένει","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀντιόωσα","gloss":"in fury"},{"surface":"ἀντιόωσα","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"facing"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b21-l432","source":"τώ κεν δὴ πάλαι ἄμμες ἐπαυσάμεθα πτολέμοιο","translation":"Then we would long ago have ceased from war,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάλαι","lemma":"πάλαι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπαυσάμεθα","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"ἄμμες","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπαυσάμεθα","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ἐπαυσάμεθα","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have ceased"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαυσάμεθα","gloss":"from war"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b21-l433","source":"Ἰλίου ἐκπέρσαντες ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον.","translation":"having sacked the well-built citadel of Ilion.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"of Ilion"},{"surface":"ἐκπέρσαντες","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπαυσάμεθα","gloss":"having sacked"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτίμενον","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσαντες","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b21-l434","source":"ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη.","translation":"So she spoke, and the goddess white-armed Hera smiled.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"μείδησεν","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μείδησεν","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b21-l435","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα προσέφη κρείων ἐνοσίχθων·","translation":"But the lord Earth-shaker addressed Apollo:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l435.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κρείων ἐνοσίχθων","title":"The lord Earth-shaker","body":"κρείων ἐνοσίχθων is Poseidon's standing title, combining lordship with the god who shakes the earth. It is distinct from the poem's other fixed Poseidon epithets, such as the earth-holder and the famed shaker of earth."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνα","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνοσίχθων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b21-l436","source":"Φοῖβε τί ἢ δὴ νῶϊ διέσταμεν; οὐδὲ ἔοικεν","translation":"\"Phoebus, why now do we two stand apart? It is not fitting,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l436.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νῶϊ διέσταμεν","title":"The two of us","body":"νῶϊ is the first-person dual pronoun, explicitly marking Poseidon and Apollo as a pair. Greek preserves that two-person number even though the verb διέσταμεν has the ordinary plural ending."}],"words":[{"surface":"Φοῖβε","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to διέσταμεν","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διέσταμεν","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"διέσταμεν","lemma":"διίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand apart"},{"surface":"ἔοικεν","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fitting"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b21-l437","source":"ἀρξάντων ἑτέρων· τὸ μὲν αἴσχιον αἴ κʼ ἀμαχητὶ","translation":"after the others have begun. It would be more shameful if without a fight","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρξάντων","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔοικεν","gloss":"have begun"},{"surface":"ἑτέρων","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀρξάντων","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἴσχιον","lemma":"αἰσχρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more shameful"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀμαχητὶ","lemma":"ἀμαχητί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴομεν","gloss":"without fighting"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b21-l438","source":"ἴομεν Οὔλυμπον δὲ Διὸς ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ.","translation":"we went to Olympus, to Zeus's bronze-floored house.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴομεν","gloss":"to Olympus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"Zeus's"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"χαλκοβατὲς","lemma":"χαλκοβατής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"bronze-floored"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b21-l439","source":"ἄρχε· σὺ γὰρ γενεῆφι νεώτερος· οὐ γὰρ ἔμοιγε","translation":"Begin, for you are younger by birth; it would not be","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take the lead"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γενεῆφι","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by birth"},{"surface":"νεώτερος","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔμοιγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for me"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b21-l440","source":"καλόν, ἐπεὶ πρότερος γενόμην καὶ πλείονα οἶδα.","translation":"seemly for me, since I was born before you and know more.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"is right"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"before you"},{"surface":"γενόμην","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I was born"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλείονα","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter comparative adjective","role":"object of οἶδα","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I know"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b21-l441","source":"νηπύτιʼ ὡς ἄνοον κραδίην ἔχες· οὐδέ νυ τῶν περ","translation":"Fool, what a senseless heart you have! Do you no longer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηπύτι","lemma":"νηπύτιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχες","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἄνοον","lemma":"ἄνοος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κραδίην","gloss":"senseless"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχες","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔχες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μέμνηαι","gloss":"those things"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b21-l442","source":"μέμνηαι ὅσα δὴ πάθομεν κακὰ Ἴλιον ἀμφὶ","translation":"remember all the evils we suffered around Ilion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέμνηαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάθομεν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"we suffered"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πάθομεν","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b21-l443","source":"μοῦνοι νῶϊ θεῶν, ὅτʼ ἀγήνορι Λαομέδοντι","translation":"alone among all the gods, just we two, when for arrogant Laomedon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῦνοι","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πάθομεν","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μοῦνοι","gloss":"among the gods"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θητεύσαμεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορι","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λαομέδοντι","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"Λαομέδοντι","lemma":"Λαομέδων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θητεύσαμεν","gloss":"Laomedon"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b21-l444","source":"πὰρ Διὸς ἐλθόντες θητεύσαμεν εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν","translation":"coming from Zeus, we served for hire for one full year","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l444.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θητεύσαμεν","title":"Divine hired service","body":"θητεύσαμεν means that Poseidon and Apollo served as hired laborers. The poem makes the gods' humiliation concrete: they work for the mortal Laomedon for an agreed wage rather than merely helping him as patrons."}],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θητεύσαμεν","gloss":"coming from"},{"surface":"θητεύσαμεν","lemma":"θητεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to πάθομεν","gloss":"we served for hire"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτὸν","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"a year"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b21-l445","source":"μισθῷ ἔπι ῥητῷ· ὃ δὲ σημαίνων ἐπέτελλεν.","translation":"at a wage agreed; and he directed us and gave commands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μισθῷ","lemma":"μισθός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"for a wage"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ῥητῷ","lemma":"ῥητός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μισθῷ","gloss":"agreed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σημαίνων","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"directing"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλεν","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commanded"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b21-l446","source":"ἤτοι ἐγὼ Τρώεσσι πόλιν πέρι τεῖχος ἔδειμα","translation":"I built around the Trojans' city a wall","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔδειμα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔδειμα","gloss":"for the Trojans"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πέρι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδειμα","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἔδειμα","lemma":"δέμω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I built"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b21-l447","source":"εὐρύ τε καὶ μάλα καλόν, ἵνʼ ἄρρηκτος πόλις εἴη·","translation":"wide and very fair, so that the city might be unbreakable;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐρύ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"καλόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἄρρηκτος","lemma":"ἄρρηκτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unbreakable"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν̓","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b21-l448","source":"Φοῖβε σὺ δʼ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς βουκολέεσκες","translation":"and you, Phoebus, used to herd shambling, curved-horned cattle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l448.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βουκολέεσκες","title":"Past work continued","body":"βουκολέεσκες is an iterative imperfect in -σκε: Apollo kept herding Laomedon's cattle through the year of service. The form presents the labor as repeated and ongoing, not as a single act."}],"words":[{"surface":"Φοῖβε","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βουκολέεσκες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰλίποδας","lemma":"εἰλίπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"shambling"},{"surface":"ἕλικας","lemma":"ἕλιξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"curved-horned"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βουκολέεσκες","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"βουκολέεσκες","lemma":"βουκολέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you used to herd"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b21-l449","source":"Ἴδης ἐν κνημοῖσι πολυπτύχου ὑληέσσης.","translation":"among the folds of wooded Ida, ridge upon ridge.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κνημοῖσι","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κνημοῖσι","lemma":"κνημός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"folds"},{"surface":"πολυπτύχου","lemma":"πολύπτυχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴδης","gloss":"many-ridged"},{"surface":"ὑληέσσης","lemma":"ὑλήεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴδης","gloss":"wooded"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b21-l450","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μισθοῖο τέλος πολυγηθέες ὧραι","translation":"But when the glad seasons brought around","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἐξέφερον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μισθοῖο","lemma":"μισθός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"of our wage"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξέφερον","gloss":"the end"},{"surface":"πολυγηθέες","lemma":"πολυγηθής","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὧραι","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"ὧραι","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέφερον","gloss":"seasons"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b21-l451","source":"ἐξέφερον, τότε νῶϊ βιήσατο μισθὸν ἅπαντα","translation":"the end of our term, then he stripped us violently of all our wages—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέφερον","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τότε","gloss":"fulfilled"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of βιήσατο","gloss":"us two"},{"surface":"βιήσατο","lemma":"βιάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"robbed"},{"surface":"μισθὸν","lemma":"μισθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βιήσατο","gloss":"wage"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μισθὸν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b21-l452","source":"Λαομέδων ἔκπαγλος, ἀπειλήσας δʼ ἀπέπεμπε.","translation":"dreadful Laomedon—and sent us away with threats.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαομέδων","lemma":"Λαομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βιήσατο","gloss":"Laomedon"},{"surface":"ἔκπαγλος","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λαομέδων","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"ἀπειλήσας","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέπεμπε","gloss":"threatening"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπέπεμπε","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent us away"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b21-l453","source":"σὺν μὲν ὅ γʼ ἠπείλησε πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθε","translation":"He threatened to bind our feet and hands together","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠπείλησε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἠπείλησε","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he threatened"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δήσειν","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b21-l454","source":"δήσειν, καὶ περάαν νήσων ἔπι τηλεδαπάων·","translation":"and sell us away to islands in distant lands;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήσειν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to bind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περάαν","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to sell away"},{"surface":"νήσων","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"islands"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"τηλεδαπάων","lemma":"τηλεδαπός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήσων","gloss":"distant"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b21-l455","source":"στεῦτο δʼ ὅ γʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἀπολεψέμεν οὔατα χαλκῷ.","translation":"and he vowed to lop off both our ears with bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στεῦτο","lemma":"στεῦμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he vowed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of στεῦτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρων","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὔατα","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἀπολεψέμεν","lemma":"ἀπολέπω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of στεῦτο","gloss":"to lop off"},{"surface":"οὔατα","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπολεψέμεν","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπολεψέμεν","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b21-l456","source":"νῶϊ δὲ ἄψορροι κίομεν κεκοτηότι θυμῷ","translation":"And we went back again with anger in our hearts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κίομεν","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄψορροι","lemma":"ἄψορρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"κίομεν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we went"},{"surface":"κεκοτηότι","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κίομεν","gloss":"at heart"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b21-l457","source":"μισθοῦ χωόμενοι, τὸν ὑποστὰς οὐκ ἐτέλεσσε.","translation":"furious over the wage he promised but did not pay.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μισθοῦ","lemma":"μισθός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of χωόμενοι","gloss":"over the wage"},{"surface":"χωόμενοι","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κίομεν","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐτέλεσσε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ὑποστὰς","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτέλεσσε","gloss":"having promised"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐτέλεσσε","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μισθοῦ","gloss":"paid"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b21-l458","source":"τοῦ δὴ νῦν λαοῖσι φέρεις χάριν, οὐδὲ μεθʼ ἡμέων","translation":"Yet now you show favor to his people, and do not join us","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies λαοῖσι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρεις","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"λαοῖσι","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φέρεις","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"φέρεις","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you show"},{"surface":"χάριν","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέρεις","gloss":"favor"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἡμέων","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μεθ̓","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b21-l459","source":"πειρᾷ ὥς κε Τρῶες ὑπερφίαλοι ἀπόλωνται","translation":"in striving that the overbearing Trojans perish","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πειρᾷ","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you strive"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόλωνται","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὑπερφίαλοι","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"overweening"},{"surface":"ἀπόλωνται","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὥς","gloss":"may perish"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b21-l460","source":"πρόχνυ κακῶς σὺν παισὶ καὶ αἰδοίῃς ἀλόχοισι","translation":"miserably, headlong, with their children and honored wives.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόχνυ","lemma":"πρόχνυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόλωνται","gloss":"prostrate"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόλωνται","gloss":"shamefully"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"παισὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοίῃς","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχοισι","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"ἀλόχοισι","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wives"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b21-l461","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"Then lord Apollo the far-worker addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l461.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων","title":"A binding repeated line","body":"This complete speech-introduction line also appears at Iliad 15.253. Its English therefore repeats the accepted wording exactly, including Apollo's distinct far-worker epithet for ἑκάεργος."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργος","lemma":"ʽἑκάεργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"far-worker"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b21-l462","source":"ἐννοσίγαιʼ οὐκ ἄν με σαόφρονα μυθήσαιο","translation":"\"Earth-shaker, you would not call me sound of mind","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαι","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Earth-shaker"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"you would"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σαόφρονα","lemma":"σώφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sound-minded"},{"surface":"μυθήσαιο","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would call"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b21-l463","source":"ἔμμεναι, εἰ δὴ σοί γε βροτῶν ἕνεκα πτολεμίξω","translation":"if I fought with you for the sake of wretched mortals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μυθήσαιο","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πτολεμίξω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκα","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"ἕνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"πτολεμίξω","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"I fought"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b21-l464","source":"δειλῶν, οἳ φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες ἄλλοτε μέν τε","translation":"who, like leaves, at one time","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l464.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες","title":"Mortals like leaves","body":"φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες, \"like leaves,\" uses a dative with the perfect participle of ἔοικα to express resemblance. Apollo's comparison makes mortal flourishing and fading part of the natural cycle."}],"words":[{"surface":"δειλῶν","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτῶν","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"φύλλοισιν","lemma":"φύλλον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελέθουσιν","gloss":"at one time"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b21-l465","source":"ζαφλεγέες τελέθουσιν ἀρούρης καρπὸν ἔδοντες,","translation":"blaze with life and feed upon the field's fruit,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζαφλεγέες","lemma":"ζαφλεγής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"blaze with life"},{"surface":"τελέθουσιν","lemma":"τελέθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"they are"},{"surface":"ἀρούρης","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καρπὸν","gloss":"the field's"},{"surface":"καρπὸν","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδοντες","gloss":"fruit"},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τελέθουσιν","gloss":"feeding"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b21-l466","source":"ἄλλοτε δὲ φθινύθουσιν ἀκήριοι. ἀλλὰ τάχιστα","translation":"and at another fade away lifeless. But with all speed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φθινύθουσιν","gloss":"at another time"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φθινύθουσιν","lemma":"φθινύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"waste away"},{"surface":"ἀκήριοι","lemma":"ἀκήριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lifeless"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to παυώμεσθα","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b21-l467","source":"παυώμεσθα μάχης· οἳ δʼ αὐτοὶ δηριαάσθων.","translation":"let us cease from battle; let them fight it out themselves.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παυώμεσθα","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us cease"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of παυώμεσθα","gloss":"from battle"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δηριαάσθων","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"δηριαάσθων","lemma":"δηριάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let them fight"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b21-l468","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας πάλιν ἐτράπετʼ· αἴδετο γάρ ῥα","translation":"So he spoke and turned away; for he was ashamed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτράπετ̓","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐτράπετ̓","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ἐτράπετ","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"αἴδετο","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was ashamed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b21-l469","source":"πατροκασιγνήτοιο μιγήμεναι ἐν παλάμῃσι.","translation":"to meet his father's brother hand to hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l469.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πατροκασιγνήτοιο","title":"His father's brother","body":"πατροκασίγνητος means a father's brother: Poseidon is Apollo's paternal uncle. Apollo's refusal is grounded in this exact kinship, not in fear or a general ban on divine combat."}],"words":[{"surface":"πατροκασιγνήτοιο","lemma":"πατροκασίγνητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παλάμῃσι","gloss":"father's brother"},{"surface":"μιγήμεναι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"subject of αἴδετο","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσι","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hand to hand"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b21-l470","source":"τὸν δὲ κασιγνήτη μάλα νείκεσε πότνια θηρῶν","translation":"But his sister, the queen of beasts, bitterly rebuked him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l470.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πότνια θηρῶν","title":"Queen of beasts","body":"πότνια θηρῶν, \"queen of beasts,\" names Artemis through her power over wild animals. The title leads directly into ἀγροτέρη, her identity as the huntress, on the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νείκεσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτη","lemma":"κασιγνήτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἄρτεμις","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νείκεσε","gloss":"bitterly"},{"surface":"νείκεσε","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἄρτεμις","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"θηρῶν","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πότνια","gloss":"of beasts"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b21-l471","source":"Ἄρτεμις ἀγροτέρη, καὶ ὀνείδειον φάτο μῦθον·","translation":"Artemis the huntress, and spoke this taunting word:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄρτεμις","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"ἀγροτέρη","lemma":"ἀγρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρτεμις","gloss":"huntress"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνείδειον","lemma":"ὀνείδειος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"taunting"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"speech"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b21-l472","source":"φεύγεις δὴ ἑκάεργε, Ποσειδάωνι δὲ νίκην","translation":"\"So you run away, far-worker, and yield to Poseidon","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγεις","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you flee"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργε","lemma":"Ἑκάεργος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"far-worker"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέτρεψας","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέτρεψας","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b21-l473","source":"πᾶσαν ἐπέτρεψας, μέλεον δέ οἱ εὖχος ἔδωκας·","translation":"the whole victory, and give him an empty boast?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νίκην","gloss":"entire"},{"surface":"ἐπέτρεψας","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you yielded"},{"surface":"μέλεον","lemma":"μέλεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εὖχος","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκας","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκας","gloss":"boast"},{"surface":"ἔδωκας","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you gave"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b21-l474","source":"νηπύτιε τί νυ τόξον ἔχεις ἀνεμώλιον αὔτως;","translation":"Fool, why do you carry that useless bow for nothing?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηπύτιε","lemma":"νηπύτιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔχεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχεις","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἔχεις","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you carry"},{"surface":"ἀνεμώλιον","lemma":"ἀνεμώλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"useless"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνεμώλιον","gloss":"for nothing"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b21-l475","source":"μή σευ νῦν ἔτι πατρὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἀκούσω","translation":"Never again let me hear you in our father's halls","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκούσω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκούσω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκούσω","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροισιν","gloss":"our father's"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"our halls"},{"surface":"ἀκούσω","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let me hear"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b21-l476","source":"εὐχομένου, ὡς τὸ πρὶν ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν,","translation":"boasting, as you did before among the immortal gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐχομένου","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you boasting"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πρὶν","gloss":"the time"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b21-l477","source":"ἄντα Ποσειδάωνος ἐναντίβιον πολεμίζειν.","translation":"that you would fight Poseidon face to face.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνος","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄντα","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐναντίβιον","lemma":"ἐναντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πολεμίζειν","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὐχομένου","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b21-l478","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὴν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"So she spoke, but Apollo the far-worker made no reply.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργος","lemma":"Ἑκάεργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"far-worker"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b21-l479","source":"ἀλλὰ χολωσαμένη Διὸς αἰδοίη παράκοιτις","translation":"Then the honored wife of Zeus grew angry","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χολωσαμένη","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to νείκεσεν","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παράκοιτις","gloss":"Zeus's"},{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παράκοιτις","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"παράκοιτις","lemma":"παράκοιτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of νείκεσεν","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b21-l480","source":"νείκεσεν ἰοχέαιραν ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσι·","translation":"and rebuked Artemis, showerer of arrows, with taunting words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l480.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἰοχέαιραν","title":"Showerer of arrows","body":"ἰοχέαιρα is Artemis' standing arrow-title, rendered \"showerer of arrows\" throughout the accepted books. Hera's next words pointedly mock the bow named by this epithet."}],"words":[{"surface":"νείκεσεν","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"ἰοχέαιραν","lemma":"ἰοχέαιρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of νείκεσεν","gloss":"showerer of arrows"},{"surface":"ὀνειδείοις","lemma":"ὀνείδειος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"taunting"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νείκεσεν","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b21-l481","source":"πῶς δὲ σὺ νῦν μέμονας κύον ἀδεὲς ἀντίʼ ἐμεῖο","translation":"\"How are you so eager, shameless bitch, to stand against me?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμονας","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μέμονας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμονας","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μέμονας","lemma":"μέμονα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"κύον","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"bitch"},{"surface":"ἀδεὲς","lemma":"ἀδεής","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κύον","gloss":"shameless"},{"surface":"ἀντί","lemma":"ἀντία","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντί̓","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b21-l482","source":"στήσεσθαι; χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι","translation":"It will be hard for you to match your strength with mine,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήσεσθαι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of μέμονας","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"χαλεπή","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀντιφέρεσθαι","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἀντιφέρεσθαι","lemma":"ἀντιφέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to match"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b21-l483","source":"τοξοφόρῳ περ ἐούσῃ, ἐπεὶ σὲ λέοντα γυναιξὶ","translation":"bow-bearer though you are, since Zeus made you a lion among women","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοξοφόρῳ","lemma":"τοξοφόρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bow-bearer"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐούσῃ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"though you are"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"λέοντα","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of θῆκεν","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"γυναιξὶ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to θῆκεν","gloss":"among women"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b21-l484","source":"Ζεὺς θῆκεν, καὶ ἔδωκε κατακτάμεν ἥν κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα.","translation":"and granted you power to kill whichever woman you please.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"κατακτάμεν","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσθα","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of κατακτάμεν","gloss":"you please"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b21-l485","source":"ἤτοι βέλτερόν ἐστι κατʼ οὔρεα θῆρας ἐναίρειν","translation":"Better for you to kill wild beasts in the mountains","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"βέλτερόν","lemma":"βέλτερος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οὔρεα","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"in the mountains"},{"surface":"θῆρας","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"wild beasts"},{"surface":"ἐναίρειν","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"to kill"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b21-l486","source":"ἀγροτέρας τʼ ἐλάφους ἢ κρείσσοσιν ἶφι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"and wild deer than fight your betters by force.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγροτέρας","lemma":"ἀγρότερος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλάφους","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλάφους","lemma":"ἔλαφος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"deer"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"κρείσσοσιν","lemma":"κρείσσων","morphology":"dative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"your betters"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b21-l487","source":"εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις πολέμοιο δαήμεναι, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῇς","translation":"But if you wish to learn the ways of war, then you will know well","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δαήμεναι","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δαήμεναι","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to learn"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδῇς","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδῇς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"you know"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b21-l488","source":"ὅσσον φερτέρη εἴμʼ, ὅτι μοι μένος ἀντιφερίζεις.","translation":"how much stronger I am, since you pit your strength against mine.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἴμ̓","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"φερτέρη","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"εἴμ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of εἰδῇς","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντιφερίζεις","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀντιφερίζεις","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἀντιφερίζεις","lemma":"ἀντιφερίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτι","gloss":"you pit against"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b21-l489","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμφοτέρας ἐπὶ καρπῷ χεῖρας ἔμαρπτε","translation":"She spoke, and with her left hand seized both Artemis' wrists,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρας","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"καρπῷ","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the wrists"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔμαρπτε","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b21-l490","source":"σκαιῇ, δεξιτερῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων αἴνυτο τόξα,","translation":"and with her right stripped the bow away from her shoulders;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκαιῇ","lemma":"σκαιός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"with her left"},{"surface":"δεξιτερῇ","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to αἴνυτο","gloss":"with her right"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"her shoulders"},{"surface":"αἴνυτο","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped away"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of αἴνυτο","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b21-l491","source":"αὐτοῖσιν δʼ ἄρʼ ἔθεινε παρʼ οὔατα μειδιόωσα","translation":"with the bow itself she beat her about the ears, smiling","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῖσιν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔθεινε","gloss":"with the bow itself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔθεινε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was beating"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"οὔατα","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"her ears"},{"surface":"μειδιόωσα","lemma":"μειδιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔθεινε","gloss":"smiling"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b21-l492","source":"ἐντροπαλιζομένην· ταχέες δʼ ἔκπιπτον ὀϊστοί.","translation":"as Artemis twisted away, and the swift arrows spilled out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντροπαλιζομένην","lemma":"ἐντροπαλίζομαι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"twisting away"},{"surface":"ταχέες","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστοί","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκπιπτον","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spilled out"},{"surface":"ὀϊστοί","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκπιπτον","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b21-l493","source":"δακρυόεσσα δʼ ὕπαιθα θεὰ φύγεν ὥς τε πέλεια,","translation":"The goddess fled from under her, weeping like a dove","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δακρυόεσσα","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπαιθα","lemma":"ὕπαιθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φύγεν","gloss":"from beneath"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φύγεν","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"φύγεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέλεια","lemma":"πέλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"dove"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b21-l494","source":"ἥ ῥά θʼ ὑπʼ ἴρηκος κοίλην εἰσέπτατο πέτρην","translation":"that flies beneath a hawk into a hollow rock,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσέπτατο","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἴρηκος","lemma":"ἱέραξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"hawk"},{"surface":"κοίλην","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρην","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"εἰσέπτατο","lemma":"εἰσπέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πέλεια","gloss":"flies into"},{"surface":"πέτρην","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b21-l495","source":"χηραμόν· οὐδʼ ἄρα τῇ γε ἁλώμεναι αἴσιμον ἦεν·","translation":"into a cleft, for it was not fated to be caught;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χηραμόν","lemma":"χηραμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"cleft"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἁλώμεναι","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"being captured"},{"surface":"αἴσιμον","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fated"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b21-l496","source":"ὣς ἣ δακρυόεσσα φύγεν, λίπε δʼ αὐτόθι τόξα.","translation":"so she fled weeping and left her bow there.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φύγεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of φύγεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δακρυόεσσα","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"φύγεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λίπε","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b21-l497","source":"Λητὼ δὲ προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·","translation":"Then the guide, the slayer of Argus, addressed Leto:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l497.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης","title":"Guide and slayer of Argus","body":"διάκτορος presents Hermes as guide or messenger, while ἀργεϊφόντης is his traditional title as the slayer of Argus. The paired epithets identify him before he courteously yields the contest to Leto."}],"words":[{"surface":"Λητὼ","lemma":"Λητώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"Leto"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντης","gloss":"the guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b21-l498","source":"Λητοῖ ἐγὼ δέ τοι οὔ τι μαχήσομαι· ἀργαλέον δὲ","translation":"\"Leto, I will not fight you. It is a hard thing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λητοῖ","lemma":"Λητώ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Leto"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχήσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of μαχήσομαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μαχήσομαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μαχήσομαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will fight"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέον","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b21-l499","source":"πληκτίζεσθʼ ἀλόχοισι Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο·","translation":"to trade blows with the wives of Zeus the cloud-gatherer.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πληκτίζεσθ","lemma":"πληκτίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to trade blows"},{"surface":"ἀλόχοισι","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πληκτίζεσθ̓","gloss":"with the wives"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλόχοισι","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέταο","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b21-l500","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλα πρόφρασσα μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν","translation":"But freely among the immortal gods","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πρόφρασσα","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"freely"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b21-l501","source":"εὔχεσθαι ἐμὲ νικῆσαι κρατερῆφι βίηφιν.","translation":"boast that you defeated me by your mighty strength.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχεσθαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"boast"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νικῆσαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"νικῆσαι","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεσθαι","gloss":"you defeated"},{"surface":"κρατερῆφι","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίηφιν","gloss":"with your mighty"},{"surface":"βίηφιν","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νικῆσαι","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b21-l502","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, Λητὼ δὲ συναίνυτο καμπύλα τόξα","translation":"So he spoke, and Leto gathered up the curved bow","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Λητὼ","lemma":"Λητώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of συναίνυτο","gloss":"Leto"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συναίνυτο","lemma":"συναίνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered up"},{"surface":"καμπύλα","lemma":"καμπύλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of συναίνυτο","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b21-l503","source":"πεπτεῶτʼ ἄλλυδις ἄλλα μετὰ στροφάλιγγι κονίης.","translation":"where it had fallen here and there amid the whirling dust.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεπτεῶτ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"having fallen"},{"surface":"ἄλλυδις","lemma":"ἄλλυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπτεῶτ̓","gloss":"here and there"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"στροφάλιγγι","lemma":"στροφάλιγξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"in the whirl"},{"surface":"κονίης","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies στροφάλιγγι","gloss":"dust"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b21-l504","source":"ἣ μὲν τόξα λαβοῦσα πάλιν κίε θυγατέρος ἧς·","translation":"Taking up her daughter's bow, she went after her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κίε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λαβοῦσα","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"λαβοῦσα","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"taking up"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κίε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"θυγατέρος","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"daughter's"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θυγατέρος","gloss":"her own"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b21-l505","source":"ἣ δʼ ἄρʼ Ὄλυμπον ἵκανε Διὸς ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ,","translation":"But Artemis had reached Olympus, Zeus's bronze-floored house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκανε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανε","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"Zeus's"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"χαλκοβατὲς","lemma":"χαλκοβατής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"bronze-floored"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b21-l506","source":"δακρυόεσσα δὲ πατρὸς ἐφέζετο γούνασι κούρη,","translation":"and the weeping girl sat upon her father's knees;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δακρυόεσσα","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γούνασι","gloss":"her father's"},{"surface":"ἐφέζετο","lemma":"ἐφέζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat upon"},{"surface":"γούνασι","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφέζετο","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐφέζετο","gloss":"girl"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b21-l507","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμβρόσιος ἑανὸς τρέμε· τὴν δὲ προτὶ οἷ","translation":"her ambrosial robe trembled around her. Then toward himself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέμε","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμβρόσιος","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑανὸς","gloss":"ambrosial"},{"surface":"ἑανὸς","lemma":"ἑανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τρέμε","gloss":"robe"},{"surface":"τρέμε","lemma":"τρέμω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἷλε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b21-l508","source":"εἷλε πατὴρ Κρονίδης, καὶ ἀνείρετο ἡδὺ γελάσσας·","translation":"her father, the son of Cronos, drew her and asked, laughing gently:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνείρετο","lemma":"ἀνέρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γελάσσας","gloss":"gently"},{"surface":"γελάσσας","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνείρετο","gloss":"laughing"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b21-l509","source":"τίς νύ σε τοιάδʼ ἔρεξε φίλον τέκος Οὐρανιώνων","translation":"\"Which of the heavenly gods has treated you so, dear child,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρεξε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔρεξε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τοιάδ","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔρεξε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔρεξε","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"treated"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"Οὐρανιώνων","lemma":"Οὐρανίωνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"among the gods"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b21-l510","source":"μαψιδίως, ὡς εἴ τι κακὸν ῥέζουσαν ἐνωπῇ;","translation":"recklessly, as though you were plainly doing some evil?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαψιδίως","lemma":"μαψίδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρεξε","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ῥέζουσαν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ῥέζουσαν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"ἐνωπῇ","lemma":"ἐνωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ῥέζουσαν","gloss":"plainly"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b21-l511","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἐϋστέφανος κελαδεινή·","translation":"Then the fair-crowned, loud-sounding goddess addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l511.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐϋστέφανος κελαδεινή","title":"Fair-crowned and loud-sounding","body":"Artemis answers under two epithets: ἐϋστέφανος, \"fair-crowned,\" and κελαδεινή, \"loud-sounding.\" The second belongs to the same established Artemis title rendered \"loud-sounding Artemis of the golden arrows\" elsewhere in the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ἐϋστέφανος","lemma":"εὐστέφανος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κελαδεινή","gloss":"fair-crowned"},{"surface":"κελαδεινή","lemma":"κελαδεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"loud-sounding"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b21-l512","source":"σή μʼ ἄλοχος στυφέλιξε πάτερ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,","translation":"\"Your wife battered me, father, white-armed Hera,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σή","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of στυφέλιξε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄλοχος","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"στυφέλιξε","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"battered"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b21-l513","source":"ἐξ ἧς ἀθανάτοισιν ἔρις καὶ νεῖκος ἐφῆπται.","translation":"from whom strife and quarrel have fastened upon the immortals.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφῆπται","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"ἐφῆπται","lemma":"ἐφάπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"has fastened"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b21-l514","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον·","translation":"So they spoke such words to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b21-l515","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλων Φοῖβος ἐδύσετο Ἴλιον ἱρήν·","translation":"while Phoebus Apollo entered sacred Ilion;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδύσετο","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"ἐδύσετο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδύσετο","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρήν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b21-l516","source":"μέμβλετο γάρ οἱ τεῖχος ἐϋδμήτοιο πόληος","translation":"for the wall of the well-built city weighed on his mind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l516.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μέμβλετο","title":"A concern already present","body":"μέμβλετο is a Homeric pluperfect in form, describing the city's wall as an established concern to Apollo. The tense looks back to a concern already fixed in his mind as he enters Ilion."}],"words":[{"surface":"μέμβλετο","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weighed on his mind"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μέμβλετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of μέμβλετο","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἐϋδμήτοιο","lemma":"εὔδμητος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόληος","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"πόληος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b21-l517","source":"μὴ Δαναοὶ πέρσειαν ὑπὲρ μόρον ἤματι κείνῳ.","translation":"lest the Danaans sack it beyond fate on that day.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l517.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μὴ Δαναοὶ πέρσειαν","title":"Fear of what might happen","body":"μή with the aorist optative πέρσειαν expresses Apollo's anxious concern: the Danaans might sack the city. The danger is specifically that Troy could fall on this day, before its allotted fate."}],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πέρσειαν","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"πέρσειαν","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"might sack"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"μόρον","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πέρσειαν","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"κείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b21-l518","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἴσαν θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες,","translation":"The other gods who are forever went toward Olympus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντες","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"living"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b21-l519","source":"οἳ μὲν χωόμενοι, οἳ δὲ μέγα κυδιόωντες·","translation":"some angry, while others exulted greatly;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χωόμενοι","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χωόμενοι","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κυδιόωντες","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κυδιόωντες","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"κυδιόωντες","lemma":"κυδιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"exulting"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b21-l520","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἷζον παρὰ πατρὶ κελαινεφεῖ· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"and they sat down beside the dark-clouded father. But Achilles","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἷζον","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the father"},{"surface":"κελαινεφεῖ","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"dark-clouded"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄλεκεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b21-l521","source":"Τρῶας ὁμῶς αὐτούς τʼ ὄλεκεν καὶ μώνυχας ἵππους.","translation":"kept killing Trojans and single-hoofed horses alike.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l521.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μώνυχας ἵππους","title":"Single-hoofed horses","body":"μώνυχας ἵππους, \"single-hoofed horses,\" is the poem's fixed description of horses as solid-hoofed animals. ὁμῶς makes the grim equality explicit: Achilles kills the men themselves and their horses alike."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄλεκεν","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄλεκεν","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept killing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b21-l522","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε καπνὸς ἰὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἵκηται","translation":"As when smoke rises and reaches the broad heaven","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"καπνὸς","lemma":"καπνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκηται","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b21-l523","source":"ἄστεος αἰθομένοιο, θεῶν δέ ἑ μῆνις ἀνῆκε,","translation":"from a burning city, when divine wrath has kindled it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l523.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεῶν δέ ἑ μῆνις","title":"The gods' wrath","body":"μῆνις is the same towering, sacred wrath that opens the Iliad with Achilles. Here it belongs collectively to the gods and stands behind the imagined destruction of a burning city."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστεος","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies καπνὸς","gloss":"of a city"},{"surface":"αἰθομένοιο","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies ἄστεος","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆνις","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μῆνις","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκε","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"kindled"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b21-l524","source":"πᾶσι δʼ ἔθηκε πόνον, πολλοῖσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆκεν,","translation":"and lays toil on all and sends grief upon many,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"πολλοῖσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφῆκεν","gloss":"on many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφῆκεν","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἐφῆκεν","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"sent"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b21-l525","source":"ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς Τρώεσσι πόνον καὶ κήδεʼ ἔθηκεν.","translation":"so Achilles laid toil and grief upon the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"on the Trojans"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b21-l526","source":"ἑστήκει δʼ ὃ γέρων Πρίαμος θείου ἐπὶ πύργου,","translation":"Old Priam stood upon the sacred tower,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑστήκει","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θείου","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πύργου","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πύργου","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"tower"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b21-l527","source":"ἐς δʼ ἐνόησʼ Ἀχιλῆα πελώριον· αὐτὰρ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"and saw monstrous Achilles; beneath his onslaught","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνόησ","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνόησ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"πελώριον","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆα","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"his onslaught"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b21-l528","source":"Τρῶες ἄφαρ κλονέοντο πεφυζότες, οὐδέ τις ἀλκὴ","translation":"the Trojans fled at once in rout, and no strength","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κλονέοντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέοντο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"κλονέοντο","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled in rout"},{"surface":"πεφυζότες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κλονέοντο","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀλκὴ","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ἀλκὴ","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνεθ̓","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b21-l529","source":"γίγνεθʼ· ὃ δʼ οἰμώξας ἀπὸ πύργου βαῖνε χαμᾶζε","translation":"arose in them. Priam groaned and came down from the tower to the ground,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνεθ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βαῖνε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰμώξας","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βαῖνε","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πύργου","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"tower"},{"surface":"βαῖνε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came down"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βαῖνε","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b21-l530","source":"ὀτρύνων παρὰ τεῖχος ἀγακλειτοὺς πυλαωρούς·","translation":"urging the renowned gatekeepers along the wall:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνων","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βαῖνε","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἀγακλειτοὺς","lemma":"ἀγακλειτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πυλαωρούς","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"πυλαωρούς","lemma":"πυλαωρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνων","gloss":"gatekeepers"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b21-l531","source":"πεπταμένας ἐν χερσὶ πύλας ἔχετʼ εἰς ὅ κε λαοὶ","translation":"\"Hold the gates spread open in your hands until the people","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l531.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πύλας ἔχετʼ","title":"Priam gives the order","body":"ἔχετ' is the elided plural imperative ἔχετε, \"hold.\" Priam directly orders the gatekeepers to keep the gates open; Apollo does not issue this command."}],"words":[{"surface":"πεπταμένας","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"spread open"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"your hands"},{"surface":"πύλας","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχετ̓","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"ἔχετ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθωσι","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b21-l532","source":"ἔλθωσι προτὶ ἄστυ πεφυζότες· ἦ γὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"enter the city in their flight; for Achilles","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλθωσι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔχετ̓","gloss":"may enter"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"πεφυζότες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθωσι","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b21-l533","source":"ἐγγὺς ὅδε κλονέων· νῦν οἴω λοίγιʼ ἔσεσθαι.","translation":"is near, driving them in rout, and now I think ruin will come.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"κλονέων","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"driving in rout"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἴω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"οἴω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"λοίγι","lemma":"λοίγιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἔσεσθαι","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἔσεσθαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of οἴω","gloss":"will come"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b21-l534","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ἐς τεῖχος ἀναπνεύσωσιν ἀλέντες,","translation":"But once they crowd within the wall and catch their breath,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναπνεύσωσιν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἀναπνεύσωσιν","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπανθέμεναι","gloss":"catch their breath"},{"surface":"ἀλέντες","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀναπνεύσωσιν","gloss":"crowding"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b21-l535","source":"αὖτις ἐπανθέμεναι σανίδας πυκινῶς ἀραρυίας·","translation":"set the close-fitted planks back in place again;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπανθέμεναι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐπανθέμεναι","lemma":"ἐπανατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"set back in place"},{"surface":"σανίδας","lemma":"σανίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπανθέμεναι","gloss":"planks"},{"surface":"πυκινῶς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀραρυίας","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"ἀραρυίας","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies σανίδας","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b21-l536","source":"δείδια γὰρ μὴ οὖλος ἀνὴρ ἐς τεῖχος ἅληται.","translation":"for I fear that accursed man may leap inside the wall.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείδια","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"οὖλος","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"accursed"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἅληται","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἅληται","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"may leap"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b21-l537","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄνεσάν τε πύλας καὶ ἀπῶσαν ὀχῆας·","translation":"So he spoke; they opened the gates and pushed back the bars,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l537.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄνεσάν τε πύλας καὶ ἀπῶσαν ὀχῆας","title":"Opening the defenses","body":"The gatekeepers perform two distinct actions: they open or loosen the gates and push away the bars that secure them. This is their immediate obedience to Priam's order."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνεσάν","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πύλας","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄνεσάν","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπῶσαν","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pushed back"},{"surface":"ὀχῆας","lemma":"ὀχεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπῶσαν","gloss":"bars"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b21-l538","source":"αἳ δὲ πετασθεῖσαι τεῦξαν φάος· αὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"and the gates, flung wide, made a way to safety. Then Apollo","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τεῦξαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πετασθεῖσαι","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to τεῦξαν","gloss":"flung wide"},{"surface":"τεῦξαν","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τεῦξαν","gloss":"a way to safety"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέθορε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b21-l539","source":"ἀντίος ἐξέθορε Τρώων ἵνα λοιγὸν ἀλάλκοι.","translation":"sprang out to meet the Trojans and ward destruction from them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to meet them"},{"surface":"ἐξέθορε","lemma":"ἐκθρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang out"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλάλκοι","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλάλκοι","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀλάλκοι","lemma":"ἄλαλκε","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might ward off"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b21-l540","source":"οἳ δʼ ἰθὺς πόλιος καὶ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο","translation":"Straight toward the city and its high wall","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φεῦγον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"toward the city"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τείχεος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖο","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τείχεος","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b21-l541","source":"δίψῃ καρχαλέοι κεκονιμένοι ἐκ πεδίοιο","translation":"they fled from the plain, parched with thirst and caked in dust;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίψῃ","lemma":"δίψα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καρχαλέοι","gloss":"with thirst"},{"surface":"καρχαλέοι","lemma":"καρχαλέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"parched"},{"surface":"κεκονιμένοι","lemma":"κονίω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φεῦγον","gloss":"caked in dust"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the plain"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b21-l542","source":"φεῦγον· ὃ δὲ σφεδανὸν ἔφεπʼ ἔγχεϊ, λύσσα δέ οἱ κῆρ","translation":"but Achilles pressed them hard with his spear, and savage frenzy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεῦγον","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they fled"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφεπ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφεδανὸν","lemma":"σφεδανός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔφεπ̓","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"ἔφεπ","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔφεπ̓","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"λύσσα","lemma":"λύσσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"frenzy"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b21-l543","source":"αἰὲν ἔχε κρατερή, μενέαινε δὲ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι.","translation":"held his heart without cease, and he yearned to win glory.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"κρατερή","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λύσσα","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"μενέαινε","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yearned"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρέσθαι","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀρέσθαι","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of μενέαινε","gloss":"to win"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b21-l544","source":"ἔνθά κεν ὑψίπυλον Τροίην ἕλον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"Then the sons of the Achaeans would have taken high-gated Troy","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l544.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔνθά κεν","title":"A past counterfactual","body":"κεν with the aorist ἕλον begins a past counterfactual: the Achaeans would have taken Troy. The following εἰ μή clause supplies the intervention that prevents that outcome."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὑψίπυλον","lemma":"ὑψίπυλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίην","gloss":"high-gated"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have taken"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλον","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b21-l545","source":"εἰ μὴ Ἀπόλλων Φοῖβος Ἀγήνορα δῖον ἀνῆκε","translation":"if Phoebus Apollo had not roused godlike Agenor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l545.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ἀπόλλων Φοῖβος Ἀγήνορα δῖον ἀνῆκε","title":"Apollo rouses Agenor","body":"The accusative Ἀγήνορα is the man whom the subject Apollo rouses and sends into action. Agenor's stand begins through Apollo's intervention, not through Priam's command or Agenor's unaided resolve."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀγήνορα","lemma":"Ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"Agenor"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγήνορα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκε","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"roused"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b21-l546","source":"φῶτʼ Ἀντήνορος υἱὸν ἀμύμονά τε κρατερόν τε.","translation":"the strong and blameless man, Antenor's son.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῶτ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγήνορα","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"Ἀντήνορος","lemma":"Ἀντήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Antenor"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγήνορα","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονά","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρατερόν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b21-l547","source":"ἐν μέν οἱ κραδίῃ θάρσος βάλε, πὰρ δέ οἱ αὐτὸς","translation":"Apollo cast courage into his heart and himself stood beside him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κραδίῃ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κραδίῃ","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θάρσος","lemma":"θάρσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b21-l548","source":"ἔστη, ὅπως θανάτοιο βαρείας χεῖρας ἀλάλκοι","translation":"to ward off the heavy hands of death,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l548.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅπως θανάτοιο βαρείας χεῖρας ἀλάλκοι","title":"Apollo's protective purpose","body":"ὅπως with the optative ἀλάλκοι gives Apollo's purpose in standing beside Agenor: to ward away death's heavy hands. Apollo is the continuing subject of the purpose clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"death's"},{"surface":"βαρείας","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλάλκοι","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀλάλκοι","lemma":"ἄλαλκε","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"might ward off"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b21-l549","source":"φηγῷ κεκλιμένος· κεκάλυπτο δʼ ἄρʼ ἠέρι πολλῇ.","translation":"leaning against an oak, shrouded in deep mist.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φηγῷ","lemma":"φηγός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεκλιμένος","gloss":"oak"},{"surface":"κεκλιμένος","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλάλκοι","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"κεκάλυπτο","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was shrouded"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠέρι","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεκάλυπτο","gloss":"in mist"},{"surface":"πολλῇ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠέρι","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b21-l550","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ὡς ἐνόησεν Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον","translation":"But when Agenor saw Achilles, sacker of cities,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l550.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον","title":"Achilles, sacker of cities","body":"πτολίπορθος is the standing martial epithet \"sacker of cities.\" It has already described Achilles in the accepted books and here sharpens the danger to Troy at the very moment Agenor sees him."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"πτολίπορθον","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆα","gloss":"sacker of cities"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b21-l551","source":"ἔστη, πολλὰ δέ οἱ κραδίη πόρφυρε μένοντι·","translation":"he stood still, and as he waited his heart churned through many thoughts;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πόρφυρε","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κραδίη","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πόρφυρε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"πόρφυρε","lemma":"πορφύρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"churned"},{"surface":"μένοντι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"while waiting"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b21-l552","source":"ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·","translation":"then in anguish he spoke to his own great-hearted spirit:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"in anguish"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b21-l553","source":"ὤ μοι ἐγών· εἰ μέν κεν ὑπὸ κρατεροῦ Ἀχιλῆος","translation":"\"Ah me! If before mighty Achilles I flee","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐγών","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"κρατεροῦ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b21-l554","source":"φεύγω, τῇ περ οἱ ἄλλοι ἀτυζόμενοι κλονέονται,","translation":"where all the others are driven in terror and rout,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγω","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"I flee"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέονται","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κλονέονται","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἀτυζόμενοι","lemma":"ἀτύζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κλονέονται","gloss":"in terror"},{"surface":"κλονέονται","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to φεύγω","gloss":"are driven in rout"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b21-l555","source":"αἱρήσει με καὶ ὧς, καὶ ἀνάλκιδα δειροτομήσει.","translation":"he will catch me even so and cut my throat as a coward.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱρήσει","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he will catch"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἱρήσει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἱρήσει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάλκιδα","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as a coward"},{"surface":"δειροτομήσει","lemma":"δειροτομέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut my throat"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b21-l556","source":"εἰ δʼ ἂν ἐγὼ τούτους μὲν ὑποκλονέεσθαι ἐάσω","translation":"But what if I let him drive these men in rout,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐάσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τούτους","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὑποκλονέεσθαι","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ὑποκλονέεσθαι","lemma":"ὑποκλονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσω","gloss":"be driven in rout"},{"surface":"ἐάσω","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I let"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b21-l557","source":"Πηλεΐδῃ Ἀχιλῆϊ, ποσὶν δʼ ἀπὸ τείχεος ἄλλῃ","translation":"Achilles, son of Peleus, while I flee on foot another way from the wall","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδῃ","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑποκλονέεσθαι","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φεύγω","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τείχεος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the wall"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φεύγω","gloss":"another way"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b21-l558","source":"φεύγω πρὸς πεδίον Ἰλήϊον, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἵκωμαι","translation":"toward the Ilian plain, until I reach","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγω","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I flee"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"Ἰλήϊον","lemma":"Ἰλήιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"Ilian"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἵκωμαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"I reach"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b21-l559","source":"Ἴδης τε κνημοὺς κατά τε ῥωπήϊα δύω·","translation":"the foothills of Ida and plunge into the underbrush?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κνημοὺς","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κνημοὺς","lemma":"κνημός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκωμαι","gloss":"foothills"},{"surface":"κατά","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥωπήϊα","lemma":"ῥωπήιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατά","gloss":"underbrush"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"I plunge"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b21-l560","source":"ἑσπέριος δʼ ἂν ἔπειτα λοεσσάμενος ποταμοῖο","translation":"Then at evening I might bathe in the river,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσπέριος","lemma":"ἑσπέριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at evening"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπονεοίμην","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"λοεσσάμενος","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπονεοίμην","gloss":"having bathed"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λοεσσάμενος","gloss":"in the river"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b21-l561","source":"ἱδρῶ ἀποψυχθεὶς προτὶ Ἴλιον ἀπονεοίμην·","translation":"cool the sweat from my body, and return to Ilion.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱδρῶ","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀποψυχθεὶς","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"ἀποψυχθεὶς","lemma":"ἀποψύχω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπονεοίμην","gloss":"cooling off"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἀπονεοίμην","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I might return"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b21-l562","source":"ἀλλὰ τί ἤ μοι ταῦτα φίλος διελέξατο θυμός;","translation":"But why has my dear spirit debated this with me?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to διελέξατο","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διελέξατο","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of διελέξατο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"διελέξατο","lemma":"διαλέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"debated"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of διελέξατο","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b21-l563","source":"μή μʼ ἀπαειρόμενον πόλιος πεδίον δὲ νοήσῃ","translation":"What if he sees me slipping away from the city toward the plain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νοήσῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀπαειρόμενον","lemma":"ἀπαείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"slipping away"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπαειρόμενον","gloss":"from the city"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπαειρόμενον","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νοήσῃ","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sees"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b21-l564","source":"καί με μεταΐξας μάρψῃ ταχέεσσι πόδεσσιν.","translation":"dash after me, and catch me with his swift feet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μάρψῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μεταΐξας","lemma":"μεταίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μάρψῃ","gloss":"dashing after"},{"surface":"μάρψῃ","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may catch"},{"surface":"ταχέεσσι","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδεσσιν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"πόδεσσιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μάρψῃ","gloss":"feet"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b21-l565","source":"οὐκέτʼ ἔπειτʼ ἔσται θάνατον καὶ κῆρας ἀλύξαι·","translation":"Then there will be no more escaping death and doom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there will be"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρας","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἀλύξαι","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"to escape"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b21-l566","source":"λίην γὰρ κρατερὸς περὶ πάντων ἔστʼ ἀνθρώπων.","translation":"for he is far too strong, beyond all other men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far too"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b21-l567","source":"εἰ δέ κέ οἱ προπάροιθε πόλεος κατεναντίον ἔλθω·","translation":"But what if I go out before the city to meet him face to face?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατεναντίον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πόλεος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"κατεναντίον","lemma":"κατεναντίον","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"ἔλθω","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I go"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b21-l568","source":"καὶ γάρ θην τούτῳ τρωτὸς χρὼς ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"Surely his flesh too can be pierced by sharp bronze,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l568.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τρωτὸς χρὼς","title":"Flesh that can be wounded","body":"τρωτὸς χρώς means flesh or skin that can be wounded. Agenor reasons from Achilles' mortality, but the word does not claim that the armor forged for Achilles can be pierced."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"θην","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τούτῳ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρὼς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"τρωτὸς","lemma":"τρωτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pierceable"},{"surface":"χρὼς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b21-l569","source":"ἐν δὲ ἴα ψυχή, θνητὸν δέ ἕ φασʼ ἄνθρωποι","translation":"and there is but one life within him; men say that he is mortal,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ψυχή","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ψυχή","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"θνητὸν","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φασ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"ἄνθρωποι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φασ̓","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b21-l570","source":"ἔμμεναι· αὐτάρ οἱ Κρονίδης Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀπάζει.","translation":"though Zeus, son of Cronos, grants him glory.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασ̓","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"αὐτάρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀπάζει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀπάζει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀπάζει","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀπάζει","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grants"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b21-l571","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν Ἀχιλῆα ἀλεὶς μένεν, ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ","translation":"So he spoke, gathered himself, and awaited Achilles; within him his","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μένεν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μένεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἀλεὶς","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μένεν","gloss":"gathering himself"},{"surface":"μένεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"awaited"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὁρμᾶτο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b21-l572","source":"ἄλκιμον ὁρμᾶτο πτολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"valiant heart surged to wage war and fight.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"ὁρμᾶτο","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surged"},{"surface":"πτολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to wage war"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b21-l573","source":"ἠΰτε πάρδαλις εἶσι βαθείης ἐκ ξυλόχοιο","translation":"As a leopard comes from a deep thicket","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l573.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἠΰτε πάρδαλις","title":"Agenor as a leopard","body":"ἠΰτε introduces an extended comparison, here between Agenor and a leopard leaving cover to face a hunter. The animal's refusal to yield carries through the simile before the poem returns to Agenor at line 579."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"πάρδαλις","lemma":"πάρδαλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"leopard"},{"surface":"εἶσι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ξυλόχοιο","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ξυλόχοιο","lemma":"ξύλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"thicket"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b21-l574","source":"ἀνδρὸς θηρητῆρος ἐναντίον, οὐδέ τι θυμῷ","translation":"against a hunter, and feels no fear at heart","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐναντίον","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"θηρητῆρος","lemma":"θηρατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"hunter"},{"surface":"ἐναντίον","lemma":"ἐναντίον","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ταρβεῖ","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταρβεῖ","gloss":"at heart"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b21-l575","source":"ταρβεῖ οὐδὲ φοβεῖται, ἐπεί κεν ὑλαγμὸν ἀκούσῃ·","translation":"nor takes flight when it hears the baying;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταρβεῖ","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"fears"},{"surface":"φοβεῖται","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"nor flees"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκούσῃ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὑλαγμὸν","lemma":"ὑλαγμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσῃ","gloss":"baying"},{"surface":"ἀκούσῃ","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"hears"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b21-l576","source":"εἴ περ γὰρ φθάμενός μιν ἢ οὐτάσῃ ἠὲ βάλῃσιν,","translation":"for even if the hunter strikes first and wounds it with thrust or cast,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φθάμενός","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"striking first"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"οὐτάσῃ","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βάλῃσιν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"strikes"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b21-l577","source":"ἀλλά τε καὶ περὶ δουρὶ πεπαρμένη οὐκ ἀπολήγει","translation":"though pierced through by the spear, it does not cease","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"by the spear"},{"surface":"πεπαρμένη","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπολήγει","gloss":"pierced"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀπολήγει","lemma":"ἀπολήγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceases"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b21-l578","source":"ἀλκῆς, πρίν γʼ ἠὲ ξυμβλήμεναι ἠὲ δαμῆναι·","translation":"from valor until it closes with him or is killed —","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπολήγει","gloss":"from valor"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ξυμβλήμεναι","lemma":"συμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"to close with"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δαμῆναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"to be killed"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b21-l579","source":"ὣς Ἀντήνορος υἱὸς ἀγαυοῦ δῖος Ἀγήνωρ","translation":"so godlike Agenor, son of noble Antenor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθελεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἀντήνορος","lemma":"Ἀντήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Antenor"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγήνωρ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντήνορος","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγήνωρ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"Ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθελεν","gloss":"Agenor"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b21-l580","source":"οὐκ ἔθελεν φεύγειν, πρὶν πειρήσαιτʼ Ἀχιλῆος.","translation":"would not flee until he had tested Achilles.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔθελεν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would wish"},{"surface":"φεύγειν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελεν","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"πειρήσαιτ","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"he had tested"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πειρήσαιτ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b21-l581","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ ἀσπίδα μὲν πρόσθʼ ἔσχετο πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην,","translation":"He held his perfectly round shield before him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l581.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀσπίδα μὲν πρόσθʼ ἔσχετο πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην","title":"A perfectly round shield","body":"πάντοσ' ἐΐσην describes a shield equal in every direction from its center: perfectly round. The established rendering names the shape precisely rather than treating the words as general praise."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔσχετο","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσχετο","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"ἔσχετο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐΐσην","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"round"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b21-l582","source":"ἐγχείῃ δʼ αὐτοῖο τιτύσκετο, καὶ μέγʼ ἀΰτει·","translation":"aimed his spear at Achilles, and shouted aloud:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγχείῃ","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τιτύσκετο","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖο","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of τιτύσκετο","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"τιτύσκετο","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"aimed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰτει","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἀΰτει","lemma":"ἀυτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b21-l583","source":"ἦ δή που μάλʼ ἔολπας ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φαίδιμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ","translation":"\"Surely you greatly hope in your heart, glorious Achilles,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔολπας","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἔολπας","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you hope"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"your heart"},{"surface":"φαίδιμ","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεῦ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b21-l584","source":"ἤματι τῷδε πόλιν πέρσειν Τρώων ἀγερώχων","translation":"to sack the proud Trojans' city on this day.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πέρσειν","gloss":"on the day"},{"surface":"τῷδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέρσειν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"πέρσειν","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔολπας","gloss":"to sack"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγερώχων","lemma":"ἀγέρωχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b21-l585","source":"νηπύτιʼ· ἦ τʼ ἔτι πολλὰ τετεύξεται ἄλγεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ.","translation":"Fool! Many woes will yet be wrought over it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηπύτι","lemma":"νηπύτιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετεύξεται","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγἐ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τετεύξεται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be wrought"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τετεύξεται","gloss":"woes"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b21-l586","source":"ἐν γάρ οἱ πολέες τε καὶ ἄλκιμοι ἀνέρες εἰμέν,","translation":"For within it we are many men, and brave,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμοι","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰμέν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"εἰμέν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b21-l587","source":"οἳ καὶ πρόσθε φίλων τοκέων ἀλόχων τε καὶ υἱῶν","translation":"and before our dear parents, wives, and sons","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰρυόμεσθα","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοκέων","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τοκέων","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"parents"},{"surface":"ἀλόχων","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱῶν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sons"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b21-l588","source":"Ἴλιον εἰρυόμεσθα· σὺ δʼ ἐνθάδε πότμον ἐφέψεις","translation":"we will defend Ilion; but here you will meet your doom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰρυόμεσθα","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"εἰρυόμεσθα","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνέρες","gloss":"we will defend"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφέψεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφέψεις","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφέψεις","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἐφέψεις","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will meet"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b21-l589","source":"ὧδʼ ἔκπαγλος ἐὼν καὶ θαρσαλέος πολεμιστής.","translation":"terrible though you are, and a bold warrior.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐὼν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔκπαγλος","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφέψεις","gloss":"though you are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θαρσαλέος","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολεμιστής","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"πολεμιστής","lemma":"πολεμιστής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"warrior"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b21-l590","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ ὀξὺν ἄκοντα βαρείης χειρὸς ἀφῆκε,","translation":"He spoke, and launched the sharp spear from his heavy hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκοντα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἄκοντα","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφῆκε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"βαρείης","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφῆκε","gloss":"from his hand"},{"surface":"ἀφῆκε","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"launched"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b21-l591","source":"καί ῥʼ ἔβαλε κνήμην ὑπὸ γούνατος οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτεν.","translation":"and struck Achilles' shin below the knee; he did not miss.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔβαλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κνήμην","lemma":"κνήμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλε","gloss":"shin"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"γούνατος","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"ἀφάμαρτεν","lemma":"ἀφαμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he did not miss"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b21-l592","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κνημὶς νεοτεύκτου κασσιτέροιο","translation":"Around his leg, the newly wrought tin of the greave","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l592.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νεοτεύκτου κασσιτέροιο","title":"Newly wrought tin","body":"κασσίτερος is tin, the pale metal worked into the new greave that takes Agenor's blow. Homer names its material before letting the bronze spear ring against it on the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κνημὶς","lemma":"κνημίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κονάβησε","gloss":"greave"},{"surface":"νεοτεύκτου","lemma":"νεότευκτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κασσιτέροιο","gloss":"newly wrought"},{"surface":"κασσιτέροιο","lemma":"κασσίτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κνημὶς","gloss":"tin"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b21-l593","source":"σμερδαλέον κονάβησε· πάλιν δʼ ἀπὸ χαλκὸς ὄρουσε","translation":"rang terribly; the bronze sprang back","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κονάβησε","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"κονάβησε","lemma":"κοναβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὄρουσε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρουσε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ὄρουσε","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang back"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b21-l594","source":"βλημένου, οὐδʼ ἐπέρησε, θεοῦ δʼ ἠρύκακε δῶρα.","translation":"from the man it struck and did not pierce him, for a god's gifts checked it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βλημένου","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of ὄρουσε","gloss":"from the struck man"},{"surface":"ἐπέρησε","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not pierce"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"a god's"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠρύκακε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"checked it"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἠρύκακε","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b21-l595","source":"Πηλεΐδης δʼ ὁρμήσατʼ Ἀγήνορος ἀντιθέοιο","translation":"Then the son of Peleus rushed at godlike Agenor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁρμήσατ̓","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρμήσατ","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"Ἀγήνορος","lemma":"Ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρμήσατ̓","gloss":"at Agenor"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέοιο","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγήνορος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b21-l596","source":"δεύτερος· οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἔασεν Ἀπόλλων κῦδος ἀρέσθαι,","translation":"in turn, but Apollo did not let him win glory,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερος","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασεν","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"ἔασεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασεν","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρέσθαι","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀρέσθαι","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔασεν","gloss":"to win"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b21-l597","source":"ἀλλά μιν ἐξήρπαξε, κάλυψε δʼ ἄρʼ ἠέρι πολλῇ,","translation":"for he plucked Agenor away and shrouded him in deep mist,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l597.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μιν ἐξήρπαξε","title":"Apollo snatches Agenor away","body":"The enclitic μιν refers to Agenor, while Apollo remains the subject from the preceding line. Apollo physically removes the real warrior and then conceals him in mist."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξήρπαξε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐξήρπαξε","lemma":"ἐξαρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plucked away"},{"surface":"κάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shrouded"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠέρι","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κάλυψε","gloss":"with mist"},{"surface":"πολλῇ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠέρι","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b21-l598","source":"ἡσύχιον δʼ ἄρα μιν πολέμου ἔκπεμπε νέεσθαι.","translation":"and sent him safely out of the battle to return.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡσύχιον","lemma":"ἡσύχιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔκπεμπε","gloss":"safely"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκπεμπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκπεμπε","gloss":"from battle"},{"surface":"ἔκπεμπε","lemma":"ἐκπέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent out"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔκπεμπε","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b21-l599","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ Πηλεΐωνα δόλῳ ἀποέργαθε λαοῦ·","translation":"Then by guile Apollo shut the son of Peleus off from the host,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποέργαθε","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποέργαθε","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δόλῳ","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀποέργαθε","gloss":"by guile"},{"surface":"ἀποέργαθε","lemma":"ἀπείργαθον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shut off"},{"surface":"λαοῦ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποέργαθε","gloss":"from the host"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b21-l600","source":"αὐτῷ γὰρ ἑκάεργος Ἀγήνορι πάντα ἐοικὼς","translation":"for the far-worker, taking Agenor's likeness in every way,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l600.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ἀγήνορι πάντα ἐοικὼς","title":"Apollo takes Agenor's likeness","body":"The perfect participle ἐοικώς means \"being like,\" and its dative Ἀγήνορι names the model: Agenor. The runner before Achilles is now Apollo in Agenor's likeness, not the rescued Trojan himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργος","lemma":"ʽἑκάεργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"far-worker"},{"surface":"Ἀγήνορι","lemma":"Ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικὼς","gloss":"Agenor"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐοικὼς","gloss":"in every way"},{"surface":"ἐοικὼς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"taking the likeness","note":"Apollo has taken Agenor’s appearance; Achilles is chasing the disguised god."}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b21-l601","source":"ἔστη πρόσθε ποδῶν, ὃ δʼ ἐπέσσυτο ποσσὶ διώκειν·","translation":"stood before his feet, and Achilles rushed after him in pursuit.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρόσθε","gloss":"his feet"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέσσυτο","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"διώκειν","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"in pursuit"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b21-l602","source":"εἷος ὃ τὸν πεδίοιο διώκετο πυροφόροιο","translation":"While Achilles chased him across the wheat-bearing plain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διώκετο","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διώκετο","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διώκετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διώκετο","gloss":"across the plain"},{"surface":"διώκετο","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"was chasing"},{"surface":"πυροφόροιο","lemma":"πυροφόρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίοιο","gloss":"wheat-bearing"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b21-l603","source":"τρέψας πὰρ ποταμὸν βαθυδινήεντα Σκάμανδρον","translation":"Apollo turned him beside deep-swirling Scamander,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρέψας","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to διώκετο","gloss":"having turned him"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ποταμὸν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"βαθυδινήεντα","lemma":"βαθυδινήεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σκάμανδρον","gloss":"deep-swirling"},{"surface":"Σκάμανδρον","lemma":"Σκάμανδρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποταμὸν","gloss":"Scamander"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b21-l604","source":"τυτθὸν ὑπεκπροθέοντα· δόλῳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔθελγεν Ἀπόλλων","translation":"running only a little ahead; by guile Apollo bewitched him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l604.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δόλῳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔθελγεν Ἀπόλλων","title":"Apollo's decoy","body":"δόλῳ marks Apollo's method as guile, and ἔθελγεν says that he enchanted or beguiled Achilles. The god is actively sustaining the false chase while the real Agenor is already safe."}],"words":[{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπεκπροθέοντα","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"ὑπεκπροθέοντα","lemma":"ὑπεκπροθέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"running just ahead"},{"surface":"δόλῳ","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔθελγεν","gloss":"by guile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔθελγεν","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bewitched"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθελγεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b21-l605","source":"ὡς αἰεὶ ἔλποιτο κιχήσεσθαι ποσὶν οἷσι·","translation":"so that Achilles always expected to catch him with his feet.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλποιτο","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἔλποιτο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"he expected"},{"surface":"κιχήσεσθαι","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔλποιτο","gloss":"to catch"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κιχήσεσθαι","gloss":"with feet"},{"surface":"οἷσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσὶν","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b21-l606","source":"τόφρʼ ἄλλοι Τρῶες πεφοβημένοι ἦλθον ὁμίλῳ","translation":"Meanwhile the other Trojans, panic-stricken, came in a mass,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρ","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"πεφοβημένοι","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"panic-stricken"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ὁμίλῳ","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"in a mass"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b21-l607","source":"ἀσπάσιοι προτὶ ἄστυ, πόλις δʼ ἔμπλητο ἀλέντων.","translation":"glad to reach the city, and the city filled with the crowding men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l607.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπάσιοι","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμπλητο","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμπλητο","lemma":"ἐμπίπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"ἀλέντων","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"object of ἔμπλητο","gloss":"the crowding men"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b21-l608","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρα τοί γʼ ἔτλαν πόλιος καὶ τείχεος ἐκτὸς","translation":"They no longer dared to remain outside the city and wall","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔτλαν","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τείχεος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"outside"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b21-l609","source":"μεῖναι ἔτʼ ἀλλήλους, καὶ γνώμεναι ὅς τε πεφεύγοι","translation":"and wait for one another, or learn who had escaped","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεῖναι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to wait"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεῖναι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μεῖναι","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"γνώμεναι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to learn"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πεφεύγοι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεφεύγοι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"perfect active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"had escaped"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b21-l610","source":"ὅς τʼ ἔθανʼ ἐν πολέμῳ· ἀλλʼ ἐσσυμένως ἐσέχυντο","translation":"and who had died in battle; instead they poured eagerly","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθαν̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθαν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"had died"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐσσυμένως","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσέχυντο","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"ἐσέχυντο","lemma":"εἰσχέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b21-l611","source":"ἐς πόλιν, ὅν τινα τῶν γε πόδες καὶ γοῦνα σαώσαι.","translation":"into the city, every man whose feet and knees could save him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b21-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σαώσαι","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γοῦνα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"σαώσαι","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ἐσέχυντο","gloss":"could save"}]}]}