{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":23,"id":"book-23","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Ψ","translated":"Book 23 — The Funeral Games for Patroclus"},"section":"The Ransom of Hector","summary":"The funeral of Patroclus. His ghost visits Achilles. The Greeks hold games in his honor.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/23","lines":897},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/22","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/24","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b23-l1","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν στενάχοντο κατὰ πτόλιν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"So they lamented through the city; but the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of στενάχοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"στενάχοντο","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκοντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b23-l2","source":"ἐπεὶ δὴ νῆάς τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκοντο,","translation":"when they had reached the ships and the Hellespont,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῆάς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑλλήσποντον","lemma":"Ἑλλήσποντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hellespont"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐσκίδναντο","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b23-l3","source":"οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐσκίδναντο ἑὴν ἐπὶ νῆα ἕκαστος,","translation":"They scattered, each man to his own ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσκίδναντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐσκίδναντο","lemma":"σκίδνημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"ἑὴν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b23-l4","source":"Μυρμιδόνας δʼ οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαι Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"but Achilles would not let the Myrmidons scatter.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνας","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἴα","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εἴα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would let"},{"surface":"ἀποσκίδνασθαι","lemma":"ἀποσκίδναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of εἴα","gloss":"scatter"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴα","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b23-l5","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε οἷς ἑτάροισι φιλοπτολέμοισι μετηύδα·","translation":"Instead he addressed his war-loving companions:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετηύδα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ἐός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"φιλοπτολέμοισι","lemma":"φιλοπόλεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b23-l6","source":"Μυρμιδόνες ταχύπωλοι ἐμοὶ ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι","translation":"\"Myrmidons, swift with horses, my trusty companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνες","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"ταχύπωλοι","lemma":"ταχύπωλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρμιδόνες","gloss":"swift-horsed"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρες","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"trusted"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b23-l7","source":"μὴ δή πω ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι λυώμεθα μώνυχας ἵππους,","translation":"let us not yet loose our single-hoofed horses from the chariots,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to λυώμεθα","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφι","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"λυώμεθα","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loose"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λυώμεθα","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b23-l8","source":"ἀλλʼ αὐτοῖς ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασιν ἆσσον ἰόντες","translation":"but with the horses and chariots themselves let us draw near","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ἵπποισι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρμασιν","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντες","gloss":"nearer"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κλαίωμεν","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b23-l9","source":"Πάτροκλον κλαίωμεν· ὃ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων.","translation":"and mourn Patroclus; for that is the honor due the dead.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κλαίωμεν","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"κλαίωμεν","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us mourn"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θανόντων","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b23-l10","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ὀλοοῖο τεταρπώμεσθα γόοιο,","translation":"But when we have taken our fill of bitter lament,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεταρπώμεσθα","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ὀλοοῖο","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόοιο","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"τεταρπώμεσθα","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δορπήσομεν","gloss":"we take our fill"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τεταρπώμεσθα","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b23-l11","source":"ἵππους λυσάμενοι δορπήσομεν ἐνθάδε πάντες.","translation":"we shall loose the horses and all take supper here.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λυσάμενοι","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"λυσάμενοι","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δορπήσομεν","gloss":"having loosed"},{"surface":"δορπήσομεν","lemma":"δορπέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take supper"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δορπήσομεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δορπήσομεν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b23-l12","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ᾤμωξαν ἀολλέες, ἦρχε δʼ Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"So he spoke, and they wailed together, Achilles leading.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾤμωξαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾤμωξαν","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wailed"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b23-l13","source":"οἳ δὲ τρὶς περὶ νεκρὸν ἐΰτριχας ἤλασαν ἵππους","translation":"Three times around the corpse they drove their lovely-maned horses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤλασαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλασαν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἐΰτριχας","lemma":"εὖθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"lovely-maned"},{"surface":"ἤλασαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασαν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b23-l14","source":"μυρόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφι Θέτις γόου ἵμερον ὦρσε.","translation":"weeping; and among them Thetis stirred desire for lament.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρόμενοι","lemma":"μύρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλασαν","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦρσε","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"γόου","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵμερον","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"ἵμερον","lemma":"ἵμερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b23-l15","source":"δεύοντο ψάμαθοι, δεύοντο δὲ τεύχεα φωτῶν","translation":"The sands were wet, and wet were the warriors' arms","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύοντο","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were soaked"},{"surface":"ψάμαθοι","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δεύοντο","gloss":"the sands"},{"surface":"δεύοντο","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were soaked"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of δεύοντο","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"φωτῶν","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"warriors"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b23-l16","source":"δάκρυσι· τοῖον γὰρ πόθεον μήστωρα φόβοιο.","translation":"with tears; so deeply they missed that master of rout.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυσι","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δεύοντο","gloss":"with tears"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μήστωρα","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πόθεον","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longed for"},{"surface":"μήστωρα","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πόθεον","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"φόβοιο","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μήστωρα","gloss":"of rout"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b23-l17","source":"τοῖσι δὲ Πηλεΐδης ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο","translation":"The son of Peleus led them in the piercing dirge,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"ἁδινοῦ","lemma":"ἀδινός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόοιο","gloss":"piercing"},{"surface":"ἐξῆρχε","lemma":"ἐξάρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b23-l18","source":"χεῖρας ἐπʼ ἀνδροφόνους θέμενος στήθεσσιν ἑταίρου·","translation":"laying his man-slaying hands upon his companion's chest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of θέμενος","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνους","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"man-slaying"},{"surface":"θέμενος","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"having laid"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θέμενος","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b23-l19","source":"χαῖρέ μοι ὦ Πάτροκλε καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισι·","translation":"\"Farewell, Patroclus, even in the house of Hades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρέ","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"farewell"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χαῖρέ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλε","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμοισι","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"δόμοισι","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b23-l20","source":"πάντα γὰρ ἤδη τοι τελέω τὰ πάροιθεν ὑπέστην","translation":"All that I promised you before I now fulfill:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τελέω","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελέω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τελέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τελέω","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fulfill"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"πάροιθεν","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπέστην","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ὑπέστην","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πάντα","gloss":"I promised"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b23-l21","source":"Ἕκτορα δεῦρʼ ἐρύσας δώσειν κυσὶν ὠμὰ δάσασθαι,","translation":"I shall drag Hector here and give him raw for dogs to tear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσας","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐρύσας","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐρύσας","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δώσειν","gloss":"having dragged"},{"surface":"δώσειν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"κυσὶν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δώσειν","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ὠμὰ","lemma":"ὠμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δάσασθαι","gloss":"raw"},{"surface":"δάσασθαι","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to δώσειν","gloss":"devour"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b23-l22","source":"δώδεκα δὲ προπάροιθε πυρῆς ἀποδειροτομήσειν","translation":"and before your pyre cut the throats of twelve glorious Trojan youths,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l22.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀποδειροτομήσειν","title":"Cutting the throat","body":"ἀποδειροτομέω is brutally precise: it means to cut through the neck or throat. The infinitive depends on Achilles' earlier promise and names the act he intends for the captives."}],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πυρῆς","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"of the pyre"},{"surface":"ἀποδειροτομήσειν","lemma":"ἀποδειροτομέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"cut the throats"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b23-l23","source":"Τρώων ἀγλαὰ τέκνα σέθεν κταμένοιο χολωθείς.","translation":"in wrath at your death.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"of Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποδειροτομήσειν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χολωθείς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κταμένοιο","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"slain"},{"surface":"χολωθείς","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποδειροτομήσειν","gloss":"enraged"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b23-l24","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ Ἕκτορα δῖον ἀεικέα μήδετο ἔργα","translation":"So he spoke, and devised shameful treatment for godlike Hector:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"μήδετο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b23-l25","source":"πρηνέα πὰρ λεχέεσσι Μενοιτιάδαο τανύσσας","translation":"he stretched him face down in the dust beside the bier","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρηνέα","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"face down"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"λεχέεσσι","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"bier"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδαο","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies λεχέεσσι","gloss":"Menoetius's son"},{"surface":"τανύσσας","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μήδετο","gloss":"having stretched"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b23-l26","source":"ἐν κονίῃς· οἳ δʼ ἔντεʼ ἀφωπλίζοντο ἕκαστος","translation":"of Menoetius' son. Each man stripped off his armor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κονίῃς","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀφωπλίζοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔντε","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφωπλίζοντο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἀφωπλίζοντο","lemma":"ἀφοπλίζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped off"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each man"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b23-l27","source":"χάλκεα μαρμαίροντα, λύον δʼ ὑψηχέας ἵππους,","translation":"the gleaming bronze, and loosed the high-necked horses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεα","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντἐ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"μαρμαίροντα","lemma":"μαρμαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ἔντἐ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"λύον","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑψηχέας","lemma":"ὑψηχής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"high-necked"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λύον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b23-l28","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἷζον παρὰ νηῒ ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο","translation":"and by the ship of the fleet-footed son of Aeacus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἷζον","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ποδώκεος","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"son of Aeacus"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b23-l29","source":"μυρίοι· αὐτὰρ ὃ τοῖσι τάφον μενοεικέα δαίνυ.","translation":"they sat in thousands; and he gave them a funeral feast to satisfy the heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρίοι","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἷζον","gloss":"thousands"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαίνυ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δαίνυ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"τάφον","lemma":"τάφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δαίνυ","gloss":"funeral feast"},{"surface":"μενοεικέα","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τάφον","gloss":"heart-satisfying"},{"surface":"δαίνυ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give a feast"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b23-l30","source":"πολλοὶ μὲν βόες ἀργοὶ ὀρέχθεον ἀμφὶ σιδήρῳ","translation":"Many white cattle bellowed around the iron","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βόες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"βόες","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρέχθεον","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"ἀργοὶ","lemma":"ἀργός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βόες","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ὀρέχθεον","lemma":"ὀρεχθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bellowed"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"σιδήρῳ","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b23-l31","source":"σφαζόμενοι, πολλοὶ δʼ ὄϊες καὶ μηκάδες αἶγες·","translation":"as they were slaughtered, and many sheep and bleating goats;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σφαζόμενοι","lemma":"σφάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀρέχθεον","gloss":"being slaughtered"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄϊες","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μηκάδες","lemma":"μηκάς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶγες","gloss":"bleating"},{"surface":"αἶγες","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b23-l32","source":"πολλοὶ δʼ ἀργιόδοντες ὕες θαλέθοντες ἀλοιφῇ","translation":"and many white-tusked swine, rich with fat,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργιόδοντες","lemma":"ἀργιόδους","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕες","gloss":"white-tusked"},{"surface":"ὕες","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τανύοντο","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"θαλέθοντες","lemma":"θαλέθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ὕες","gloss":"thriving"},{"surface":"ἀλοιφῇ","lemma":"ἀλοιφή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to θαλέθοντες","gloss":"with fat"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b23-l33","source":"εὑόμενοι τανύοντο διὰ φλογὸς Ἡφαίστοιο·","translation":"were singed and stretched across the flame of Hephaestus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l33.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φλογὸς Ἡφαίστοιο","title":"Hephaestus' flame","body":"Fire is named through Hephaestus, its divine craftsman. The phrase turns the cooking flame into the god's own element without saying that Hephaestus personally attends the feast."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὑόμενοι","lemma":"εὕω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τανύοντο","gloss":"being singed"},{"surface":"τανύοντο","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were stretched"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"φλογὸς","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φλογὸς","gloss":"of Hephaestus"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b23-l34","source":"πάντῃ δʼ ἀμφὶ νέκυν κοτυλήρυτον ἔρρεεν αἷμα.","translation":"everywhere around the corpse, blood ran deep enough to fill cups.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l34.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κοτυλήρυτον","title":"Flowing by the cupful","body":"κοτυλήρυτος is built from κοτύλη, a cup or measure, and ῥέω, \"flow.\" It pictures the blood running in quantities that could be measured by the cup."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρρεεν","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"κοτυλήρυτον","lemma":"κοτυλήρυτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"cup-deep"},{"surface":"ἔρρεεν","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔρρεεν","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b23-l35","source":"αὐτὰρ τόν γε ἄνακτα ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα","translation":"But the Achaean kings led the lord, the fleet son of Peleus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ποδώκεα","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγον","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b23-l36","source":"εἰς Ἀγαμέμνονα δῖον ἄγον βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"to godlike Agamemnon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἄγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγον","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b23-l37","source":"σπουδῇ παρπεπιθόντες ἑταίρου χωόμενον κῆρ.","translation":"persuading him only with effort, for his heart raged over his companion.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπουδῇ","lemma":"σπουδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρπεπιθόντες","gloss":"with effort"},{"surface":"παρπεπιθόντες","lemma":"παραπείθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγον","gloss":"having persuaded"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of χωόμενον","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"χωόμενον","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to χωόμενον","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b23-l38","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίην Ἀγαμέμνονος ἷξον ἰόντες,","translation":"When they came on their way to Agamemnon's shelter,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλευσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἷξον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἷξον","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"of Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ἷξον","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to κέλευσαν","gloss":"they came"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷξον","gloss":"as they went"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b23-l39","source":"αὐτίκα κηρύκεσσι λιγυφθόγγοισι κέλευσαν","translation":"at once they ordered the clear-voiced heralds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέλευσαν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"κηρύκεσσι","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέλευσαν","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"λιγυφθόγγοισι","lemma":"λιγύφθογγος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κηρύκεσσι","gloss":"clear-voiced"},{"surface":"κέλευσαν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b23-l40","source":"ἀμφὶ πυρὶ στῆσαι τρίποδα μέγαν, εἰ πεπίθοιεν","translation":"to set a great tripod over the fire, in hope they might persuade","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l40.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰ πεπίθοιεν","title":"Hope in the optative","body":"The optative πεπίθοιεν after εἰ presents a hoped-for but uncertain result: perhaps they might persuade Achilles. His refusal in the next lines proves the uncertainty justified."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"στῆσαι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κέλευσαν","gloss":"to set"},{"surface":"τρίποδα","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of στῆσαι","gloss":"a tripod"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πεπίθοιεν","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"they might persuade"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b23-l41","source":"Πηλεΐδην λούσασθαι ἄπο βρότον αἱματόεντα.","translation":"the son of Peleus to wash away the bloody gore.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδην","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πεπίθοιεν","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"λούσασθαι","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of πεπίθοιεν","gloss":"to wash"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"βρότον","lemma":"βρότος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λούσασθαι","gloss":"gore"},{"surface":"αἱματόεντα","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βρότον","gloss":"bloody"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b23-l42","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἠρνεῖτο στερεῶς, ἐπὶ δʼ ὅρκον ὄμοσσεν·","translation":"But he refused steadfastly and swore an oath besides:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἠρνεῖτο","lemma":"ἀρνέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"στερεῶς","lemma":"στερεός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρνεῖτο","gloss":"steadfastly"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄμοσσεν","gloss":"oath"},{"surface":"ὄμοσσεν","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swore"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b23-l43","source":"οὐ μὰ Ζῆνʼ, ὅς τίς τε θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος,","translation":"\"No, by Zeus, who is highest and best of the gods,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"μὰ","lemma":"μά","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Ζῆν","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ὕπατος","lemma":"ὕπατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b23-l44","source":"οὐ θέμις ἐστὶ λοετρὰ καρήατος ἆσσον ἱκέσθαι","translation":"it is not right for washing-water to come near my head","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"λοετρὰ","lemma":"λουτρόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"bathwater"},{"surface":"καρήατος","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἆσσον","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b23-l45","source":"πρίν γʼ ἐνὶ Πάτροκλον θέμεναι πυρὶ σῆμά τε χεῦαι","translation":"before I place Patroclus in the fire, heap up his mound,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θέμεναι","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"θέμεναι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"to place"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέμεναι","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"σῆμά","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χεῦαι","gloss":"mound"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῦαι","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"heap up"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b23-l46","source":"κείρασθαί τε κόμην, ἐπεὶ οὔ μʼ ἔτι δεύτερον ὧδε","translation":"and cut my hair; for never again will grief like this","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείρασθαί","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"cut away"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κόμην","lemma":"κόμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κείρασθαί","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵξετ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵξετ̓","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δεύτερον","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵξετ̓","gloss":"like this"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b23-l47","source":"ἵξετʼ ἄχος κραδίην ὄφρα ζωοῖσι μετείω.","translation":"reach my heart while I remain among the living.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵξετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"will reach"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵξετ̓","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵξετ̓","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετείω","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ζωοῖσι","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετείω","gloss":"the living"},{"surface":"μετείω","lemma":"μέτειμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵξετ̓","gloss":"remain among"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b23-l48","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι νῦν μὲν στυγερῇ πειθώμεθα δαιτί·","translation":"Yet now let us submit to the hateful feast;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πειθώμεθα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for now"},{"surface":"στυγερῇ","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτί","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"πειθώμεθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us obey"},{"surface":"δαιτί","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πειθώμεθα","gloss":"feast"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b23-l49","source":"ἠῶθεν δʼ ὄτρυνον ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον","translation":"but at dawn, Agamemnon, lord of men, command them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἠῶθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνον","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνον","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge on"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγάμεμνον","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγάμεμνον","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b23-l50","source":"ὕλην τʼ ἀξέμεναι παρά τε σχεῖν ὅσσʼ ἐπιεικὲς","translation":"to bring wood and provide all that is fitting","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀξέμεναι","gloss":"the wood"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀξέμεναι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"παρά","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σχεῖν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"provide"},{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικὲς","lemma":"ἐπιεικής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fitting"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b23-l51","source":"νεκρὸν ἔχοντα νέεσθαι ὑπὸ ζόφον ἠερόεντα,","translation":"for one who has died to go beneath the misty dark,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l51.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπὸ ζόφον ἠερόεντα","title":"Beneath the misty dark","body":"ζόφος is the gloom of the west and, by extension, the darkness below. Achilles describes burial as the dead man's journey under that misty realm."}],"words":[{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νέεσθαι","gloss":"dead man"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νέεσθαι","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ζόφον","lemma":"ζόφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἠερόεντα","lemma":"ἠερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ζόφον","gloss":"misty"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b23-l52","source":"ὄφρʼ ἤτοι τοῦτον μὲν ἐπιφλέγῃ ἀκάματον πῦρ","translation":"so that tireless fire may burn him quickly","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπιφλέγῃ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἐπιφλέγῃ","lemma":"ἐπιφλέγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"burn up"},{"surface":"ἀκάματον","lemma":"ἀκάματος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπιφλέγῃ","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b23-l53","source":"θᾶσσον ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν, λαοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ ἔργα τράπωνται.","translation":"from our sight, and the people turn to their work.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θᾶσσον","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπιφλέγῃ","gloss":"more quickly"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῶν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"our sight"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τράπωνται","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"τράπωνται","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"turn"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b23-l54","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο.","translation":"So he spoke, and they listened closely and obeyed him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλύον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλύον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίθοντο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b23-l55","source":"ἐσσυμένως δʼ ἄρα δόρπον ἐφοπλίσσαντες ἕκαστοι","translation":"Each man swiftly made his supper ready,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσσυμένως","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφοπλίσσαντες","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφοπλίσσαντες","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"ἐφοπλίσσαντες","lemma":"ἐφοπλίζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ̓","gloss":"having prepared"},{"surface":"ἕκαστοι","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b23-l56","source":"δαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης.","translation":"they feasted, and no heart lacked its share of the fair-shared feast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυντ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feasted"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐδεύετο","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐδεύετο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"ἐΐσης","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὸς","gloss":"fair-shared"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b23-l57","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put from them the desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕντο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"had put from them"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b23-l58","source":"οἳ μὲν κακκείοντες ἔβαν κλισίην δὲ ἕκαστος,","translation":"the others went each to his shelter to lie down,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"κακκείοντες","lemma":"κατακείω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"to lie down"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔβαν","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b23-l59","source":"Πηλεΐδης δʼ ἐπὶ θινὶ πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης","translation":"but the son of Peleus lay on the shore of the loud-roaring sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"θινὶ","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"πολυφλοίσβοιο","lemma":"πολύφλοισβος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάσσης","gloss":"loud-roaring"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θινὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b23-l60","source":"κεῖτο βαρὺ στενάχων πολέσιν μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσιν","translation":"groaning heavily among his many Myrmidons,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"βαρὺ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχων","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"στενάχων","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"πολέσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρμιδόνεσσιν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσιν","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"Myrmidons"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b23-l61","source":"ἐν καθαρῷ, ὅθι κύματʼ ἐπʼ ἠϊόνος κλύζεσκον·","translation":"in an open place where waves washed over the strand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"καθαρῷ","lemma":"καθαρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλύζεσκον","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"κύματ","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κλύζεσκον","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἠϊόνος","lemma":"ἠιών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"κλύζεσκον","lemma":"κλύζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καθαρῷ","gloss":"washed over"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b23-l62","source":"εὖτε τὸν ὕπνος ἔμαρπτε λύων μελεδήματα θυμοῦ","translation":"When sleep seized him, easing the cares of his heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖτε","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἔμαρπτε","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"λύων","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"μελεδήματα","lemma":"μελέδημα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λύων","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"θυμοῦ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μελεδήματα","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b23-l63","source":"νήδυμος ἀμφιχυθείς· μάλα γὰρ κάμε φαίδιμα γυῖα","translation":"sweet sleep poured around him; for his splendid limbs were utterly weary","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l63.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νήδυμος","title":"Sweet, deep sleep","body":"νήδυμος is a Homeric adjective for sleep, suggesting something sweet or deeply soothing. Here it briefly loosens grief's pressure on Achilles' heart."}],"words":[{"surface":"νήδυμος","lemma":"νήδυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ἀμφιχυθείς","lemma":"ἀμφιχέω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"poured around"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κάμε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he wearied"},{"surface":"φαίδιμα","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κάμε","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b23-l64","source":"Ἕκτορʼ ἐπαΐσσων προτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν·","translation":"from chasing Hector toward windy Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαΐσσων","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐσσων","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"rushing at him"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἠνεμόεσσαν","lemma":"ἠνεμόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"windy"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b23-l65","source":"ἦλθε δʼ ἐπὶ ψυχὴ Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο","translation":"the shade of poor Patroclus came to him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l65.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ψυχὴ","title":"The shade","body":"After death ψυχή is the departed life or shade, able to appear in a dream but lacking the embodied mind and substance of the living man. Achilles cannot grasp it at line 100."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"shade"},{"surface":"Πατροκλῆος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὴ","gloss":"of Patroclus"},{"surface":"δειλοῖο","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατροκλῆος","gloss":"poor"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b23-l66","source":"πάντʼ αὐτῷ μέγεθός τε καὶ ὄμματα κάλʼ ἐϊκυῖα","translation":"like him in every way—in stature and lovely eyes,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in every way"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐϊκυῖα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέγεθός","lemma":"μέγεθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"stature"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄμματα","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"κάλ","lemma":"κάλη","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄμματα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ἐϊκυῖα","lemma":"εἰκός","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b23-l67","source":"καὶ φωνήν, καὶ τοῖα περὶ χροῒ εἵματα ἕστο·","translation":"and voice—and such clothes were wrapped about his body.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φωνήν","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῖα","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"his body"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕστο","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"ἕστο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clothed"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b23-l68","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"He stood above his head and spoke these words to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b23-l69","source":"εὕδεις, αὐτὰρ ἐμεῖο λελασμένος ἔπλευ Ἀχιλλεῦ.","translation":"\"You sleep, Achilles, and have become forgetful of me.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδεις","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you sleep"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λελασμένος","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"λελασμένος","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπλευ","gloss":"forgetful"},{"surface":"ἔπλευ","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b23-l70","source":"οὐ μέν μευ ζώοντος ἀκήδεις, ἀλλὰ θανόντος·","translation":"You did not neglect me while I lived, but now you do in death.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκήδεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ζώοντος","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἀκήδεις","lemma":"ἀκηδέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"neglected"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"when dead"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b23-l71","source":"θάπτέ με ὅττι τάχιστα πύλας Ἀΐδαο περήσω.","translation":"Bury me with all speed, that I may pass the gates of Hades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l71.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θάπτέ με","title":"Present imperative","body":"θάπτε is a present imperative: Patroclus presses Achilles to begin and carry through the burial without delay. The following ὅττι τάχιστα sharpens the urgency."}],"words":[{"surface":"θάπτέ","lemma":"θάπτω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bury"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θάπτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to περήσω","gloss":"with all speed"},{"surface":"πύλας","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of περήσω","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πύλας","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"περήσω","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅττι","gloss":"may pass through"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b23-l72","source":"τῆλέ με εἴργουσι ψυχαὶ εἴδωλα καμόντων,","translation":"Far off the shades, phantoms of the worn-out dead, keep me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆλέ","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴργουσι","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴργουσι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἴργουσι","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep away"},{"surface":"ψυχαὶ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"souls"},{"surface":"εἴδωλα","lemma":"εἴδωλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"phantoms"},{"surface":"καμόντων","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies εἴδωλα","gloss":"the dead"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b23-l73","source":"οὐδέ μέ πω μίσγεσθαι ὑπὲρ ποταμοῖο ἐῶσιν,","translation":"nor do they yet allow me to mingle beyond the river,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μίσγεσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐῶσιν","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"μίσγεσθαι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐῶσιν","gloss":"to mingle"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"ἐῶσιν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"allow"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b23-l74","source":"ἀλλʼ αὔτως ἀλάλημαι ἀνʼ εὐρυπυλὲς Ἄϊδος δῶ.","translation":"but so I wander beside the wide-gated house of Hades.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλάλημαι","gloss":"idly"},{"surface":"ἀλάλημαι","lemma":"ἀλάλημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I wander"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"εὐρυπυλὲς","lemma":"εὐρυπυλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"wide-gated"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδος","lemma":"Ἀίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b23-l75","source":"καί μοι δὸς τὴν χεῖρʼ· ὀλοφύρομαι, οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ αὖτις","translation":"Give me your hand; I grieve, for never again","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine article","role":"modifies χεῖῤ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ὀλοφύρομαι","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I grieve"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νίσομαι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νίσομαι","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b23-l76","source":"νίσομαι ἐξ Ἀΐδαο, ἐπήν με πυρὸς λελάχητε.","translation":"shall I return from Hades once you have given me my share of fire.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l76.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πυρὸς λελάχητε","title":"A share of fire","body":"λαγχάνω means to receive an allotted share. Patroclus speaks of cremation as the portion of fire ritually assigned to him."}],"words":[{"surface":"νίσομαι","lemma":"νίσσομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to γὰρ","gloss":"shall return"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"ἐπήν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λελάχητε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λελάχητε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of λελάχητε","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"λελάχητε","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to νίσομαι","gloss":"may grant a share"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b23-l77","source":"οὐ μὲν γὰρ ζωοί γε φίλων ἀπάνευθεν ἑταίρων","translation":"For never again alive, apart from our dear companions,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ζωοί","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρων","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθεν","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθεν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b23-l78","source":"βουλὰς ἑζόμενοι βουλεύσομεν, ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ μὲν κὴρ","translation":"shall we sit and take counsel; but a hateful doom","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλὰς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of βουλεύσομεν","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"ἑζόμενοι","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βουλεύσομεν","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"βουλεύσομεν","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall take counsel"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφέχανε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"κὴρ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφέχανε","gloss":"doom"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b23-l79","source":"ἀμφέχανε στυγερή, ἥ περ λάχε γιγνόμενόν περ·","translation":"has opened wide around me, the doom allotted me at birth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφέχανε","lemma":"ἀμφιχάσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"opened wide around"},{"surface":"στυγερή","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κὴρ","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of λάχε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λάχε","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κὴρ","gloss":"claimed me"},{"surface":"γιγνόμενόν","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of λάχε","gloss":"as I was born"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b23-l80","source":"καὶ δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ μοῖρα, θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ,","translation":"And your own fate too, Achilles, peer of the gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιείκελ̓","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἐπιείκελ","lemma":"ἐπιείκελος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεῦ","gloss":"peer of gods"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b23-l81","source":"τείχει ὕπο Τρώων εὐηφενέων ἀπολέσθαι.","translation":"is to die beneath the wall of the prosperous Trojans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τείχει","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τείχει","gloss":"of Trojans"},{"surface":"εὐηφενέων","lemma":"εὐηφενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"wealthy"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to die"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b23-l82","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω καὶ ἐφήσομαι αἴ κε πίθηαι·","translation":"One more thing I shall tell and charge you, if you will obey:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l82.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἴ κε πίθηαι","title":"Open future condition","body":"αἴ κε with the subjunctive πίθηαι sets an open future condition: \"if you will obey.\" Patroclus asks rather than assumes that Achilles will grant the request."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφήσομαι","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall charge"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"πίθηαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"obey"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b23-l83","source":"μὴ ἐμὰ σῶν ἀπάνευθε τιθήμεναι ὀστέʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ,","translation":"do not set my bones apart from yours, Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀστέ̓","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"σῶν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"yours"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"τιθήμεναι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ὀστέ","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τιθήμεναι","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b23-l84","source":"ἀλλʼ ὁμοῦ ὡς ἐτράφημεν ἐν ὑμετέροισι δόμοισιν,","translation":"but together, as we were reared in your house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁμοῦ","lemma":"ὁμοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτράφημεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐτράφημεν","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"were reared"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὑμετέροισι","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοισιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δόμοισιν","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b23-l85","source":"εὖτέ με τυτθὸν ἐόντα Μενοίτιος ἐξ Ὀπόεντος","translation":"when Menoetius brought me, still a little child, from Opoeis","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖτέ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies με","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"Μενοίτιος","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ὀπόεντος","lemma":"Ὀπόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Opoeis"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b23-l86","source":"ἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδʼ ἀνδροκτασίης ὕπο λυγρῆς,","translation":"to your home because of a grievous killing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤγαγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐτράφημεν","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"ὑμέτερόνδ","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"to your home"},{"surface":"ἀνδροκτασίης","lemma":"ἀνδροκτασία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"λυγρῆς","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδροκτασίης","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b23-l87","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτε παῖδα κατέκτανον Ἀμφιδάμαντος","translation":"on the day when I killed Amphidamas' son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγεν","gloss":"on the day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέκτανον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατέκτανον","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"κατέκτανον","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἤματι","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"Ἀμφιδάμαντος","lemma":"Ἀμφιδάμας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"of Amphidamas"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b23-l88","source":"νήπιος οὐκ ἐθέλων ἀμφʼ ἀστραγάλοισι χολωθείς·","translation":"foolishly and unwillingly, angered over knucklebones.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"foolish"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλων","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέκτανον","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀστραγάλοισι","lemma":"ἀστράγαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"knucklebones"},{"surface":"χολωθείς","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέκτανον","gloss":"angered"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b23-l89","source":"ἔνθά με δεξάμενος ἐν δώμασιν ἱππότα Πηλεὺς","translation":"Then Peleus the horseman received me in his halls,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δεξάμενος","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δεξάμενος","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having received"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δώμασιν","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεὺς","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Πηλεὺς","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Peleus"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b23-l90","source":"ἔτραφέ τʼ ἐνδυκέως καὶ σὸν θεράποντʼ ὀνόμηνεν·","translation":"reared me with care, and named me your attendant.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l90.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεράποντʼ","title":"Companion-attendant","body":"θεράπων is more than a servant here: Patroclus is Achilles' close attendant and companion in war. The role joins household service, loyalty, and battlefield partnership."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔτραφέ","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτραφέ","gloss":"with care"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντ̓","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"θεράποντ","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of ὀνόμηνεν","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ὀνόμηνεν","lemma":"ὀνομαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b23-l91","source":"ὣς δὲ καὶ ὀστέα νῶϊν ὁμὴ σορὸς ἀμφικαλύπτοι","translation":"So may one urn enfold the bones of us both,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l91.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νῶϊν","title":"The two of us","body":"νῶϊν is a first-person dual pronoun, referring to exactly two people: Patroclus and Achilles. The dual makes their desired union in one urn grammatically explicit."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμφικαλύπτοι","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύπτοι","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"us both"},{"surface":"ὁμὴ","lemma":"ὁμός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σορὸς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"σορὸς","lemma":"σορός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"urn"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύπτοι","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may enfold"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b23-l92","source":"χρύσεος ἀμφιφορεύς, τόν τοι πόρε πότνια μήτηρ.","translation":"the golden two-handled jar your queenly mother gave you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσεος","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιφορεύς","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἀμφιφορεύς","lemma":"ἀμφιφορεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"two-handled jar"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀμφιφορεύς","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πόρε","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b23-l93","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed Achilles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b23-l94","source":"τίπτέ μοι ἠθείη κεφαλὴ δεῦρʼ εἰλήλουθας","translation":"\"Why, dear heart, have you come here","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l94.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠθείη κεφαλὴ","title":"Dear heart","body":"Literally \"familiar head,\" ἠθείη κεφαλή is an affectionate form of address. Achilles speaks to the shade with the intimacy owed his closest companion."}],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτέ","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθας","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἠθείη","lemma":"ἠθεῖος","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλὴ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of εἰλήλουθας","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθας","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have you come"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b23-l95","source":"καί μοι ταῦτα ἕκαστʼ ἐπιτέλλεαι; αὐτὰρ ἐγώ τοι","translation":"and laid each of these commands upon me? I shall indeed","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιτέλλεαι","gloss":"upon me"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπιτέλλεαι","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἕκαστ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτα","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέλλεαι","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐκτελέω","gloss":"to you"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b23-l96","source":"πάντα μάλʼ ἐκτελέω καὶ πείσομαι ὡς σὺ κελεύεις.","translation":"fulfill them all and obey as you command.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐκτελέω","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκτελέω","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"ἐκτελέω","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fulfill"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πείσομαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κελεύεις","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κελεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to πείσομαι","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b23-l97","source":"ἀλλά μοι ἆσσον στῆθι· μίνυνθά περ ἀμφιβαλόντε","translation":"But stand nearer; for a little while let us embrace","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἆσσον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"nearer"},{"surface":"στῆθι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"μίνυνθά","lemma":"μίνυνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεταρπώμεσθα","gloss":"a short while"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀμφιβαλόντε","lemma":"ἀμφιβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to τεταρπώμεσθα","gloss":"having embraced"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b23-l98","source":"ἀλλήλους ὀλοοῖο τεταρπώμεσθα γόοιο.","translation":"one another and take our fill of bitter lament.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀμφιβαλόντε","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ὀλοοῖο","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόοιο","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"τεταρπώμεσθα","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take our fill"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τεταρπώμεσθα","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b23-l99","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ὠρέξατο χερσὶ φίλῃσιν","translation":"So speaking, he reached out with loving hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὠρέξατο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὠρέξατο","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached out"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠρέξατο","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"φίλῃσιν","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"loving"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b23-l100","source":"οὐδʼ ἔλαβε· ψυχὴ δὲ κατὰ χθονὸς ἠΰτε καπνὸς","translation":"but grasped nothing; the shade went down beneath the earth like smoke,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grasped"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ᾤχετο","gloss":"shade"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χθονὸς","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"καπνὸς","lemma":"καπνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"smoke"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b23-l101","source":"ᾤχετο τετριγυῖα· ταφὼν δʼ ἀνόρουσεν Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"shrilling as it vanished. Achilles sprang up in amazement,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"τετριγυῖα","lemma":"τρίζω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"shrilling"},{"surface":"ταφὼν","lemma":"τέθηπα","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"amazed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσεν","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b23-l102","source":"χερσί τε συμπλατάγησεν, ἔπος δʼ ὀλοφυδνὸν ἔειπεν·","translation":"clapped his hands together, and spoke a sorrowful word:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of συμπλατάγησεν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συμπλατάγησεν","lemma":"συμπλαταγέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clapped together"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυδνὸν","lemma":"ὀλοφυδνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"piteous"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b23-l103","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ ῥά τίς ἐστι καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισι","translation":"\"Ah, then even in the house of Hades there remains","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμοισι","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"δόμοισι","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b23-l104","source":"ψυχὴ καὶ εἴδωλον, ἀτὰρ φρένες οὐκ ἔνι πάμπαν·","translation":"a shade and phantom, though there is no mind in it at all.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l104.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φρένες","title":"Mind within the breast","body":"φρένες are the inner faculties of thought and feeling, imagined bodily within the chest. Achilles concludes that the phantom preserves appearance but lacks the living person's full mind."}],"words":[{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"shade"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴδωλον","lemma":"εἴδωλον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"phantom"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔνι","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἔνειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"within are"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b23-l105","source":"παννυχίη γάρ μοι Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο","translation":"All night the shade of poor Patroclus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παννυχίη","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφεστήκει","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Πατροκλῆος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὴ","gloss":"of Patroclus"},{"surface":"δειλοῖο","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατροκλῆος","gloss":"poor"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b23-l106","source":"ψυχὴ ἐφεστήκει γοόωσά τε μυρομένη τε,","translation":"stood over me, mourning and weeping,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐφεστήκει","gloss":"shade"},{"surface":"ἐφεστήκει","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood nearby"},{"surface":"γοόωσά","lemma":"γοάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"mourning"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μυρομένη","lemma":"μύρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b23-l107","source":"καί μοι ἕκαστʼ ἐπέτελλεν, ἔϊκτο δὲ θέσκελον αὐτῷ.","translation":"and charged me with each thing; it looked wondrously like him.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἕκαστ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλεν","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"ἔϊκτο","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"looked like"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέσκελον","lemma":"θέσκελος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔϊκτο","gloss":"wondrously"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔϊκτο","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b23-l108","source":"ὣς φάτο, τοῖσι δὲ πᾶσιν ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο·","translation":"So he spoke, and stirred in them all a longing for lament.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὦρσε","gloss":"in them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἵμερον","lemma":"ἵμερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵμερον","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b23-l109","source":"μυρομένοισι δὲ τοῖσι φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠὼς","translation":"As they mourned, rosy-fingered Dawn appeared","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρομένοισι","lemma":"μύρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as they mourned"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φάνη","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠὼς","gloss":"rosy-fingered"},{"surface":"Ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b23-l110","source":"ἀμφὶ νέκυν ἐλεεινόν. ἀτὰρ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"around the pitiful corpse. But the lord Agamemnon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἐλεεινόν","lemma":"ἐλεεινός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέκυν","gloss":"pitiable"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b23-l111","source":"οὐρῆάς τʼ ὄτρυνε καὶ ἀνέρας ἀξέμεν ὕλην","translation":"urged mules and men to bring wood","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρῆάς","lemma":"ὀρεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀξέμεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"to bring"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀξέμεν","gloss":"the wood"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b23-l112","source":"πάντοθεν ἐκ κλισιῶν· ἐπὶ δʼ ἀνὴρ ἐσθλὸς ὀρώρει","translation":"from every part of camp; a noble man rose to oversee them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοθεν","lemma":"πάντοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"from every side"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κλισιῶν","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had risen"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b23-l113","source":"Μηριόνης θεράπων ἀγαπήνορος Ἰδομενῆος.","translation":"Meriones, attendant of high-hearted Idomeneus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l113.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεράπων","title":"A warrior-attendant","body":"θεράπων is more than a household servant: in heroic society it can name a trusted companion and subordinate warrior. Meriones serves Idomeneus in this close military sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ἀγαπήνορος","lemma":"ἀγαπήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰδομενῆος","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"of Idomeneus"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b23-l114","source":"οἳ δʼ ἴσαν ὑλοτόμους πελέκεας ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες","translation":"They went with woodcutters' axes in their hands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ὑλοτόμους","lemma":"ὑλότομος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πελέκεας","gloss":"woodcutters'"},{"surface":"πελέκεας","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"axes"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴσαν","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b23-l115","source":"σειράς τʼ εὐπλέκτους· πρὸ δʼ ἄρʼ οὐρῆες κίον αὐτῶν.","translation":"and well-plaited ropes; before them went the mules.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σειράς","lemma":"σειρά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"ropes"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐπλέκτους","lemma":"εὔπλεκτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σειράς","gloss":"well-plaited"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὐρῆες","lemma":"ὀρεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κίον","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κίον","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b23-l116","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ἄναντα κάταντα πάραντά τε δόχμιά τʼ ἦλθον·","translation":"Far uphill and downhill, along slopes and across, they went.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l116.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄναντα κάταντα πάραντά τε δόχμιά","title":"Ground in every direction","body":"The four compact adverbs trace the party uphill, downhill, along the slope, and across it. Their accumulation makes the rough journey audible and physical."}],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄναντα","lemma":"ἄναντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"uphill"},{"surface":"κάταντα","lemma":"κάταντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"downhill"},{"surface":"πάραντά","lemma":"πάραντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"across slopes"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόχμιά","lemma":"δόχμιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"crosswise"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b23-l117","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κνημοὺς προσέβαν πολυπίδακος Ἴδης,","translation":"But when they reached the slopes of many-springed Ida,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l117.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολυπίδακος Ἴδης","title":"Many-springed Ida","body":"πολυπίδακος pictures Mount Ida as rich in springs. The epithet suits the wooded mountain that supplies the funeral timber."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέβαν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κνημοὺς","lemma":"κνημός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of προσέβαν","gloss":"the slopes"},{"surface":"προσέβαν","lemma":"προσβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τάμνον","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"πολυπίδακος","lemma":"πολυπῖδαξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴδης","gloss":"many-springed"},{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κνημοὺς","gloss":"Ida"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b23-l118","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἄρα δρῦς ὑψικόμους ταναήκεϊ χαλκῷ","translation":"at once with long-edged bronze they began to cut","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμνον","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δρῦς","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τάμνον","gloss":"oaks"},{"surface":"ὑψικόμους","lemma":"ὑψίκομος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δρῦς","gloss":"high-crested"},{"surface":"ταναήκεϊ","lemma":"ταναήκης","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"long-edged"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τάμνον","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b23-l119","source":"τάμνον ἐπειγόμενοι· ταὶ δὲ μεγάλα κτυπέουσαι","translation":"high-crowned oaks in haste; with a mighty crash they","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάμνον","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενοι","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τάμνον","gloss":"in haste"},{"surface":"ταὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πῖπτον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κτυπέουσαι","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"κτυπέουσαι","lemma":"κτυπέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to πῖπτον","gloss":"crashing"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b23-l120","source":"πῖπτον· τὰς μὲν ἔπειτα διαπλήσσοντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"fell. Then the Achaeans split them apart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῖπτον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκδεον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκδεον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"διαπλήσσοντες","lemma":"διαπλήσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκδεον","gloss":"splitting apart"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκδεον","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b23-l121","source":"ἔκδεον ἡμιόνων· ταὶ δὲ χθόνα ποσσὶ δατεῦντο","translation":"and bound them to the mules, whose feet tore up the earth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκδεον","lemma":"ἐκδέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound to"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνων","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκδεον","gloss":"to mules"},{"surface":"ταὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δατεῦντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χθόνα","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δατεῦντο","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δατεῦντο","gloss":"with their feet"},{"surface":"δατεῦντο","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore up"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b23-l122","source":"ἐλδόμεναι πεδίοιο διὰ ῥωπήϊα πυκνά.","translation":"as they strained for the plain through the dense brushwood.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλδόμεναι","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to δατεῦντο","gloss":"straining"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐλδόμεναι","gloss":"for the plain"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ῥωπήϊα","lemma":"ῥωπήιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"brushwood"},{"surface":"πυκνά","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥωπήϊα","gloss":"dense"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b23-l123","source":"πάντες δʼ ὑλοτόμοι φιτροὺς φέρον· ὡς γὰρ ἀνώγει","translation":"All the woodcutters carried logs, for so he had ordered,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑλοτόμοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑλοτόμοι","lemma":"ὑλοτόμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"woodcutters"},{"surface":"φιτροὺς","lemma":"φιτρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"logs"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνώγει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had ordered"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b23-l124","source":"Μηριόνης θεράπων ἀγαπήνορος Ἰδομενῆος.","translation":"Meriones, attendant of high-hearted Idomeneus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ἀγαπήνορος","lemma":"ἀγαπήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδομενῆος","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"of Idomeneus"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b23-l125","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ ἀκτῆς βάλλον ἐπισχερώ, ἔνθʼ ἄρʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"They cast them down in rows upon the shore, where Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀκτῆς","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"βάλλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἐπισχερώ","lemma":"ἐπισχερώ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλλον","gloss":"in rows"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράσσατο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φράσσατο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b23-l126","source":"φράσσατο Πατρόκλῳ μέγα ἠρίον ἠδὲ οἷ αὐτῷ.","translation":"had planned a great burial mound for Patroclus and himself.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φράσσατο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀκτῆς","gloss":"planned"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"for Patroclus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἠρίον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἠρίον","lemma":"ἠρίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φράσσατο","gloss":"burial mound"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἷ","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b23-l127","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάντῃ παρακάββαλον ἄσπετον ὕλην","translation":"When they had cast down the boundless timber on every side,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρακάββαλον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρακάββαλον","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"παρακάββαλον","lemma":"παρακαταβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἥατ̓","gloss":"cast down beside"},{"surface":"ἄσπετον","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλην","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρακάββαλον","gloss":"timber"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b23-l128","source":"ἥατʼ ἄρʼ αὖθι μένοντες ἀολλέες. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"they sat there together and waited. Then Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥατ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥατ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μένοντες","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥατ̓","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέλευσε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b23-l129","source":"αὐτίκα Μυρμιδόνεσσι φιλοπτολέμοισι κέλευσε","translation":"at once ordered the battle-loving Myrmidons","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέλευσε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσι","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέλευσε","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"φιλοπτολέμοισι","lemma":"φιλοπόλεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρμιδόνεσσι","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"κέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b23-l130","source":"χαλκὸν ζώννυσθαι, ζεῦξαι δʼ ὑπʼ ὄχεσφιν ἕκαστον","translation":"to gird on bronze and each to yoke his horses beneath the cars.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ζώννυσθαι","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ζώννυσθαι","lemma":"ζώννυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to arm"},{"surface":"ζεῦξαι","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to yoke"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφιν","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b23-l131","source":"ἵππους· οἳ δʼ ὄρνυντο καὶ ἐν τεύχεσσιν ἔδυνον,","translation":"They rose and put on their armor,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ζεῦξαι","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄρνυντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρνυντο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"τεύχεσσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔδυνον","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b23-l132","source":"ἂν δʼ ἔβαν ἐν δίφροισι παραιβάται ἡνίοχοί τε,","translation":"and fighters and charioteers mounted the chariots.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δίφροισι","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"παραιβάται","lemma":"παραβάτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"fighters"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχοί","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"charioteers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b23-l133","source":"πρόσθε μὲν ἱππῆες, μετὰ δὲ νέφος εἵπετο πεζῶν","translation":"The horsemen went before; behind them followed a cloud of footmen,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἱππῆες","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἵπετο","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"εἵπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"πεζῶν","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"of foot soldiers"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b23-l134","source":"μυρίοι· ἐν δὲ μέσοισι φέρον Πάτροκλον ἑταῖροι.","translation":"countless; in their midst his comrades carried Patroclus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρίοι","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέσοισι","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"midst"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b23-l135","source":"θριξὶ δὲ πάντα νέκυν καταείνυσαν, ἃς ἐπέβαλλον","translation":"They covered the whole corpse with locks of hair, which they cast on it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θριξὶ","lemma":"θρίξ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καταείνυσαν","gloss":"locks of hair"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέκυν","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταείνυσαν","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"καταείνυσαν","lemma":"καθέννυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέβαλλον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐπέβαλλον","lemma":"ἐπιβάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θριξὶ","gloss":"cast upon"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b23-l136","source":"κειρόμενοι· ὄπιθεν δὲ κάρη ἔχε δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"as they cut them; behind, godlike Achilles held the dead man's head","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κειρόμενοι","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέβαλλον","gloss":"cutting their hair"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b23-l137","source":"ἀχνύμενος· ἕταρον γὰρ ἀμύμονα πέμπʼ Ἄϊδος δέ.","translation":"in grief, for he was sending a blameless companion to Hades.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀχνύμενος","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"ἕταρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμπ̓","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἕταρον","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"πέμπ","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was sending"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδος","lemma":"Ἀίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b23-l138","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε χῶρον ἵκανον ὅθί σφισι πέφραδʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"When they reached the place Achilles had shown them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"χῶρον","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανον","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"ἵκανον","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to κάτθεσαν","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ὅθί","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέφραδ̓","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"σφισι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέφραδ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"πέφραδ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χῶρον","gloss":"had shown"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέφραδ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b23-l139","source":"κάτθεσαν, αἶψα δέ οἱ μενοεικέα νήεον ὕλην.","translation":"they laid him down and swiftly heaped up sturdy timber for him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάτθεσαν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid down"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νήεον","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to νήεον","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"μενοεικέα","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλην","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"νήεον","lemma":"νηέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaped"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of νήεον","gloss":"timber"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b23-l140","source":"ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἄλλʼ ἐνόησε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"There swift-footed godlike Achilles formed another plan:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἄλλ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b23-l141","source":"στὰς ἀπάνευθε πυρῆς ξανθὴν ἀπεκείρατο χαίτην,","translation":"standing apart from the pyre, he cut off his golden hair,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεκείρατο","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"πυρῆς","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"ξανθὴν","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χαίτην","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἀπεκείρατο","lemma":"ἀποκείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut off"},{"surface":"χαίτην","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπεκείρατο","gloss":"hair"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b23-l142","source":"τήν ῥα Σπερχειῷ ποταμῷ τρέφε τηλεθόωσαν·","translation":"which he had grown luxuriant for the river Spercheius.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τρέφε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Σπερχειῷ","lemma":"Σπερχειός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποταμῷ","gloss":"Spercheius"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τρέφε","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"τρέφε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χαίτην","gloss":"had grown"},{"surface":"τηλεθόωσαν","lemma":"τηλεθάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies τήν","gloss":"luxuriant"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b23-l143","source":"ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἰδὼν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον·","translation":"Grieving, he looked over the wine-dark sea and said:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπεν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπεν","gloss":"having looked"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"οἴνοπα","lemma":"οἶνοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"wine-dark"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b23-l144","source":"Σπερχείʼ ἄλλως σοί γε πατὴρ ἠρήσατο Πηλεὺς","translation":"\"Spercheius, in vain my father Peleus prayed to you","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σπερχεί","lemma":"Σπερχειός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Spercheius"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρήσατο","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠρήσατο","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεὺς","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἠρήσατο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"Πηλεὺς","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠρήσατο","gloss":"Peleus"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b23-l145","source":"κεῖσέ με νοστήσαντα φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν","translation":"that when I returned there to my dear native land","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσέ","lemma":"κεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστήσαντα","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"νοστήσαντα","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b23-l146","source":"σοί τε κόμην κερέειν ῥέξειν θʼ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην,","translation":"I would cut my hair for you and offer a sacred hecatomb,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κόμην","lemma":"κόμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κερέειν","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"κερέειν","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"to cut"},{"surface":"ῥέξειν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"to offer"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱερὴν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβην","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ῥέξειν","gloss":"hecatomb"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b23-l147","source":"πεντήκοντα δʼ ἔνορχα παρʼ αὐτόθι μῆλʼ ἱερεύσειν","translation":"and sacrifice there beside your springs fifty uncastrated sheep,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies μῆλ̓","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνορχα","lemma":"ἔνορχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλ̓","gloss":"uncastrated"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μῆλ","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἱερεύσειν","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"ἱερεύσειν","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to sacrifice"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b23-l148","source":"ἐς πηγάς, ὅθι τοι τέμενος βωμός τε θυήεις.","translation":"where you have a sacred precinct and fragrant altar.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πηγάς","lemma":"πηγή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"springs"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"τέμενος","lemma":"τέμενος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"precinct"},{"surface":"βωμός","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"altar"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυήεις","lemma":"θυήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βωμός","gloss":"fragrant"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b23-l149","source":"ὣς ἠρᾶθʼ ὃ γέρων, σὺ δέ οἱ νόον οὐκ ἐτέλεσσας.","translation":"So the old man prayed, but you did not fulfill his purpose.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρᾶθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἠρᾶθ","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠρᾶθ̓","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐτέλεσσας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐτέλεσσας","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτέλεσσας","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐτέλεσσας","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fulfilled"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b23-l150","source":"νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὐ νέομαί γε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν","translation":"Now since I shall not return to my dear native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀπάσαιμι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νέομαί","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b23-l151","source":"Πατρόκλῳ ἥρωϊ κόμην ὀπάσαιμι φέρεσθαι.","translation":"let me give the lock to the hero Patroclus to carry.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l151.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὀπάσαιμι","title":"An optative resolve","body":"ὀπάσαιμι is an aorist optative: Achilles turns from the failed vow to what he now chooses to do. In context it carries the force of a solemn first-person proposal, 'let me give.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀπάσαιμι","gloss":"to Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἥρωϊ","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλῳ","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"κόμην","lemma":"κόμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀπάσαιμι","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"ὀπάσαιμι","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may I give"},{"surface":"φέρεσθαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὀπάσαιμι","gloss":"to carry"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b23-l152","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερσὶ κόμην ἑτάροιο φίλοιο","translation":"So speaking, he placed the hair in the hands of his dear companion,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκεν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"κόμην","lemma":"κόμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"ἑτάροιο","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"of companion"},{"surface":"φίλοιο","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροιο","gloss":"dear"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b23-l153","source":"θῆκεν, τοῖσι δὲ πᾶσιν ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο.","translation":"and stirred in them all a longing for lament.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὦρσε","gloss":"in them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἵμερον","lemma":"ἵμερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵμερον","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b23-l154","source":"καί νύ κʼ ὀδυρομένοισιν ἔδυ φάος ἠελίοιο","translation":"The sunlight would have sunk upon them as they mourned","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l154.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καί νύ κʼ","title":"A past contrary-to-fact","body":"The particle κʼ marks what would have happened, while the εἰ μή clause on the next line supplies the interruption: the sun would have set if Achilles had not spoken."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδυ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὀδυρομένοισιν","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδυ","gloss":"as they mourned"},{"surface":"ἔδυ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔδυ","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"sun"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b23-l155","source":"εἰ μὴ Ἀχιλλεὺς αἶψʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι εἶπε παραστάς·","translation":"if Achilles had not quickly stood by Agamemnon and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶπε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παραστάς","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"παραστάς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"standing beside"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b23-l156","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, the Achaean host will heed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πείσονται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλιστά","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πείσονται","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λαὸς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πείσονται","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies λαὸς","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b23-l157","source":"πείσονται μύθοισι, γόοιο μὲν ἔστι καὶ ἆσαι,","translation":"your words above all. There is a fullness even of lament.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πείσονται","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to γάρ","gloss":"will obey"},{"surface":"μύθοισι","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πείσονται","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἆσαι","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἆσαι","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"to be sated"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b23-l158","source":"νῦν δʼ ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς σκέδασον καὶ δεῖπνον ἄνωχθι","translation":"Now scatter the people from the pyre and order them to prepare their meal.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πυρκαϊῆς","lemma":"πυρκαιά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"σκέδασον","lemma":"σκεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"disperse"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὅπλεσθαι","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"ἄνωχθι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"order"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b23-l159","source":"ὅπλεσθαι· τάδε δʼ ἀμφὶ πονησόμεθʼ οἷσι μάλιστα","translation":"Those of us whom this chiefly concerns will labor over it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅπλεσθαι","lemma":"ὅπλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"to make ready"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of πονησόμεθ̓","gloss":"these matters"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πονησόμεθ̓","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πονησόμεθ","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shall labor"},{"surface":"οἷσι","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"for whom"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"chiefly"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b23-l160","source":"κήδεός ἐστι νέκυς· παρὰ δʼ οἵ τʼ ἀγοὶ ἄμμι μενόντων.","translation":"we who care for the corpse; and let the leaders remain beside us.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήδεός","lemma":"κήδεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"concern"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of πονησόμεθ̓","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"νέκυς","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγοὶ","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἄμμι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"μενόντων","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let remain"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b23-l161","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων,","translation":"When Agamemnon, lord of men, heard this,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄκουσεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἄκουσεν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄκουσεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to σκέδασεν","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄκουσεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b23-l162","source":"αὐτίκα λαὸν μὲν σκέδασεν κατὰ νῆας ἐΐσας,","translation":"he at once scattered the host among the balanced ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σκέδασεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σκέδασεν","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"σκέδασεν","lemma":"σκεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐΐσας","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-balanced"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b23-l163","source":"κηδεμόνες δὲ παρʼ αὖθι μένον καὶ νήεον ὕλην,","translation":"The mourners stayed there beside the corpse and heaped up timber,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κηδεμόνες","lemma":"κηδεμών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"mourners"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήεον","lemma":"νηέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaped"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of νήεον","gloss":"timber"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b23-l164","source":"ποίησαν δὲ πυρὴν ἑκατόμπεδον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,","translation":"and made the pyre a hundred feet across in either direction,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l164.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑκατόμπεδον","title":"A hundred-foot pyre","body":"ἑκατόμπεδον is a compound meaning 'a hundred feet.' Homer gives the pyre monumental dimensions in both directions."}],"words":[{"surface":"ποίησαν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυρὴν","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποίησαν","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμπεδον","lemma":"ἑκατόμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πυρὴν","gloss":"hundred feet across"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b23-l165","source":"ἐν δὲ πυρῇ ὑπάτῃ νεκρὸν θέσαν ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ.","translation":"and on the pyre's highest part they laid the corpse, grieving at heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυρῇ","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"ὑπάτῃ","lemma":"ὕπατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πυρῇ","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θέσαν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀχνύμενοι","gloss":"at heart"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b23-l166","source":"πολλὰ δὲ ἴφια μῆλα καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς","translation":"Many sturdy sheep and shambling, spiral-horned cattle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l166.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς","title":"Cattle in motion and form","body":"The paired epithets picture the cattle both walking and shaped: εἰλίποδας suggests their rolling or shambling gait, while ἕλικας points to their curved horns."}],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴφια","lemma":"ἴφιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰλίποδας","lemma":"εἰλίπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"shambling"},{"surface":"ἕλικας","lemma":"ἕλιξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"spiral-horned"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b23-l167","source":"πρόσθε πυρῆς ἔδερόν τε καὶ ἄμφεπον· ἐκ δʼ ἄρα πάντων","translation":"they flayed and dressed before the pyre; and from them all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πυρῆς","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πρόσθε","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"ἔδερόν","lemma":"δέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flayed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμφεπον","lemma":"ἀμφιέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b23-l168","source":"δημὸν ἑλὼν ἐκάλυψε νέκυν μεγάθυμος Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"great-hearted Achilles took the fat and covered the corpse","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δημὸν","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμος","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b23-l169","source":"ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, περὶ δὲ δρατὰ σώματα νήει.","translation":"from head to foot, and heaped the flayed carcasses around it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νήει","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δρατὰ","lemma":"δρατός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies σώματα","gloss":"flayed"},{"surface":"σώματα","lemma":"σῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of νήει","gloss":"carcass"},{"surface":"νήει","lemma":"νηέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaped"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b23-l170","source":"ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει μέλιτος καὶ ἀλείφατος ἀμφιφορῆας","translation":"He placed two-handled jars of honey and oil","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he placed"},{"surface":"μέλιτος","lemma":"μέλι","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"honey"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλείφατος","lemma":"ἄλειφαρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"oil"},{"surface":"ἀμφιφορῆας","lemma":"ἀμφιφορεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτίθει","gloss":"two-handled jars"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b23-l171","source":"πρὸς λέχεα κλίνων· πίσυρας δʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους","translation":"leaning against the bier; and four high-necked horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"λέχεα","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"bier"},{"surface":"κλίνων","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτίθει","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"πίσυρας","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐριαύχενας","lemma":"ἐριαύχην","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"high-necked"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνέβαλλε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b23-l172","source":"ἐσσυμένως ἐνέβαλλε πυρῇ μεγάλα στεναχίζων.","translation":"he swiftly cast upon the pyre, groaning deeply.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσσυμένως","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνέβαλλε","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"ἐνέβαλλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"πυρῇ","lemma":"πυρεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνέβαλλε","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"μεγάλα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζων","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"στεναχίζων","lemma":"στεναχίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνέβαλλε","gloss":"groaning"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b23-l173","source":"ἐννέα τῷ γε ἄνακτι τραπεζῆες κύνες ἦσαν,","translation":"The lord had nine dogs that fed beneath his table,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄνακτι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"τραπεζῆες","lemma":"τραπεζεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"table-fed"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b23-l174","source":"καὶ μὲν τῶν ἐνέβαλλε πυρῇ δύο δειροτομήσας,","translation":"and of these he cut the throats of two and cast them on the pyre,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l174.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δειροτομήσας","title":"Killed by throat-cutting","body":"δειροτομήσας is explicit: Achilles kills the two dogs by cutting their throats before placing them on the pyre."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δύο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐνέβαλλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"πυρῇ","lemma":"πυρεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνέβαλλε","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of δειροτομήσας","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δειροτομήσας","lemma":"δειροτομέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"having cut throats"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b23-l175","source":"δώδεκα δὲ Τρώων μεγαθύμων υἱέας ἐσθλοὺς","translation":"twelve noble sons of great-hearted Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἱέας","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέας","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμων","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"υἱέας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δηϊόων","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὺς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱέας","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b23-l176","source":"χαλκῷ δηϊόων· κακὰ δὲ φρεσὶ μήδετο ἔργα·","translation":"he slew with bronze, devising evil works in his heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δηϊόων","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"δηϊόων","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"slaying"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μήδετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μήδετο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b23-l177","source":"ἐν δὲ πυρὸς μένος ἧκε σιδήρεον ὄφρα νέμοιτο.","translation":"He loosed the iron force of fire upon it, so that it might feed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l177.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πυρὸς μένος ἧκε σιδήρεον","title":"The iron force of fire","body":"Homer calls the fire's μένος, its driving force, 'iron.' The transferred material epithet makes the blaze feel hard, relentless, and destructive."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"σιδήρεον","lemma":"σιδήρεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"νέμοιτο","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"might feed"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b23-l178","source":"ᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα, φίλον δʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον·","translation":"Then he groaned aloud and called his dear companion by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤμωξέν","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he groaned aloud"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤμωξέν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀνόμηνεν","lemma":"ὀνομαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀνόμηνεν","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b23-l179","source":"χαῖρέ μοι ὦ Πάτροκλε καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισι·","translation":"\"Farewell, Patroclus, even in the house of Hades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρέ","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"farewell"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to χαῖρέ","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλε","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμοισι","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"δόμοισι","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b23-l180","source":"πάντα γὰρ ἤδη τοι τελέω τὰ πάροιθεν ὑπέστην,","translation":"All that I promised you before I now fulfill:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελέω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τελέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τελέω","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fulfill"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέστην","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"πάροιθεν","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπέστην","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ὑπέστην","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πάντα","gloss":"I promised"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b23-l181","source":"δώδεκα μὲν Τρώων μεγαθύμων υἱέας ἐσθλοὺς","translation":"twelve noble sons of great-hearted Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἱέας","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέας","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμων","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"υἱέας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὺς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱέας","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b23-l182","source":"τοὺς ἅμα σοὶ πάντας πῦρ ἐσθίει· Ἕκτορα δʼ οὔ τι","translation":"fire devours them all with you; but Hector I shall not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐσθίει","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοὺς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐσθίει","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἐσθίει","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing υἱέας","gloss":"devours"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δώσω","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b23-l183","source":"δώσω Πριαμίδην πυρὶ δαπτέμεν, ἀλλὰ κύνεσσιν.","translation":"give to fire to consume, Priam's son, but to the dogs.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδην","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"δαπτέμεν","lemma":"δάπτω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δώσω","gloss":"to consume"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κύνεσσιν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"dogs"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b23-l184","source":"ὣς φάτʼ ἀπειλήσας· τὸν δʼ οὐ κύνες ἀμφεπένοντο,","translation":"So he spoke in threat; but the dogs did not set upon Hector.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπειλήσας","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάτ̓","gloss":"having threatened"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφεπένοντο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφεπένοντο","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἀμφεπένοντο","lemma":"ἀμφιπένομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set upon him"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b23-l185","source":"ἀλλὰ κύνας μὲν ἄλαλκε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη","translation":"Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus, kept the dogs from him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄλαλκε","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλαλκε","lemma":"ἄλαλκε","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept away"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b23-l186","source":"ἤματα καὶ νύκτας, ῥοδόεντι δὲ χρῖεν ἐλαίῳ","translation":"by day and night, and anointed him with rose-scented oil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύκτας","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ῥοδόεντι","lemma":"ῥοδόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐλαίῳ","gloss":"rose-scented"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρῖεν","lemma":"χρίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"anointed him"},{"surface":"ἐλαίῳ","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χρῖεν","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b23-l187","source":"ἀμβροσίῳ, ἵνα μή μιν ἀποδρύφοι ἑλκυστάζων.","translation":"ambrosial, so that Achilles would not tear him as he dragged him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβροσίῳ","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐλαίῳ","gloss":"ambrosial"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποδρύφοι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀποδρύφοι","lemma":"ἀποδρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"tear"},{"surface":"ἑλκυστάζων","lemma":"ἑλκυστάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποδρύφοι","gloss":"dragging"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b23-l188","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ κυάνεον νέφος ἤγαγε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"And Phoebus Apollo brought a dark cloud over him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"κυάνεον","lemma":"κυάνεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤγαγε","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἤγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b23-l189","source":"οὐρανόθεν πεδίον δέ, κάλυψε δὲ χῶρον ἅπαντα","translation":"from heaven down to the plain, and covered all the ground","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἤγαγε","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤγαγε","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χῶρον","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάλυψε","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χῶρον","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b23-l190","source":"ὅσσον ἐπεῖχε νέκυς, μὴ πρὶν μένος ἠελίοιο","translation":"the corpse occupied, lest the sun's force first","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπεῖχε","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"ἐπεῖχε","lemma":"ἐπέχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χῶρον","gloss":"occupied"},{"surface":"νέκυς","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεῖχε","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σκήλεἰ","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of σκήλεἰ","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"sun"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b23-l191","source":"σκήλειʼ ἀμφὶ περὶ χρόα ἴνεσιν ἠδὲ μέλεσσιν.","translation":"shrivel the skin around his sinews and limbs.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκήλει","lemma":"σκάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"shrivel"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σκήλεἰ","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σκήλεἰ","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"ἴνεσιν","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"sinews"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέλεσσιν","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b23-l192","source":"οὐδὲ πυρὴ Πατρόκλου ἐκαίετο τεθνηῶτος·","translation":"But the pyre of dead Patroclus did not burn.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυρὴ","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκαίετο","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλου","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πυρὴ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἐκαίετο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burn"},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Πατρόκλου","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b23-l193","source":"ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἀλλʼ ἐνόησε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"There swift-footed godlike Achilles formed another plan:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"something else"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b23-l194","source":"στὰς ἀπάνευθε πυρῆς δοιοῖς ἠρᾶτʼ ἀνέμοισι","translation":"standing apart from the pyre, he prayed to both winds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l194.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δοιοῖς","title":"The dual for two winds","body":"δοιοῖς is a dative dual form, marking exactly two winds. The next line names the pair as Boreas and Zephyrus."}],"words":[{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠρᾶτ̓","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"πυρῆς","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"of the pyre"},{"surface":"δοιοῖς","lemma":"δοιοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμοισι","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἠρᾶτ","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοισι","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b23-l195","source":"Βορέῃ καὶ Ζεφύρῳ, καὶ ὑπίσχετο ἱερὰ καλά·","translation":"Boreas and Zephyrus, and promised splendid offerings.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Βορέῃ","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Boreas"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεφύρῳ","lemma":"Ζέφυρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Zephyrus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπίσχετο","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"ἱερὰ","lemma":"ἱερόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπίσχετο","gloss":"offerings"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱερὰ","gloss":"splendid"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b23-l196","source":"πολλὰ δὲ καὶ σπένδων χρυσέῳ δέπαϊ λιτάνευεν","translation":"Pouring many libations from a golden cup, he implored them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to λιτάνευεν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σπένδων","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λιτάνευεν","gloss":"pouring"},{"surface":"χρυσέῳ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπαϊ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"δέπαϊ","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σπένδων","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"λιτάνευεν","lemma":"λιτανεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entreated"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b23-l197","source":"ἐλθέμεν, ὄφρα τάχιστα πυρὶ φλεγεθοίατο νεκροί,","translation":"to come, so that the dead might swiftly burn in the fire","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l197.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φλεγεθοίατο","title":"Optative after a prayer","body":"φλεγεθοίατο is a present optative in the purpose clause after Achilles' prayer. It expresses his desired result: that the bodies might burn."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of λιτάνευεν","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φλεγεθοίατο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φλεγεθοίατο","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"φλεγεθοίατο","lemma":"φλεγέθω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"might burn"},{"surface":"νεκροί","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φλεγεθοίατο","gloss":"the dead"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b23-l198","source":"ὕλη τε σεύαιτο καήμεναι. ὦκα δὲ Ἶρις","translation":"and the wood hurry to catch. Swift Iris","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕλη","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of σεύαιτο","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σεύαιτο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"might hasten"},{"surface":"καήμεναι","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of σεύαιτο","gloss":"to be burned"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθ̓","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθ̓","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b23-l199","source":"ἀράων ἀΐουσα μετάγγελος ἦλθʼ ἀνέμοισιν.","translation":"heard his prayers and went as messenger to the winds.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀράων","lemma":"ἀρά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀΐουσα","gloss":"prayers"},{"surface":"ἀΐουσα","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθ̓","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"μετάγγελος","lemma":"μετάγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἦλθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοισιν","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦλθ̓","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b23-l200","source":"οἳ μὲν ἄρα Ζεφύροιο δυσαέος ἀθρόοι ἔνδον","translation":"They were gathered inside the house of blustering Zephyrus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαίνυντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ζεφύροιο","lemma":"Ζέφυρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνδον","gloss":"Zephyrus"},{"surface":"δυσαέος","lemma":"δυσαής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεφύροιο","gloss":"stormy"},{"surface":"ἀθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b23-l201","source":"εἰλαπίνην δαίνυντο· θέουσα δὲ Ἶρις ἐπέστη","translation":"and feasting; Iris ran up and stood","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰλαπίνην","lemma":"εἰλαπίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δαίνυντο","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"δαίνυντο","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feasted"},{"surface":"θέουσα","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέστη","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέστη","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"ἐπέστη","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b23-l202","source":"βηλῷ ἔπι λιθέῳ· τοὶ δʼ ὡς ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι","translation":"upon the stone threshold. When they saw her with their eyes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βηλῷ","lemma":"βηλός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"λιθέῳ","lemma":"λίθεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βηλῷ","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνήϊξαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἀνήϊξαν","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσι","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴδον","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b23-l203","source":"πάντες ἀνήϊξαν, κάλεόν τέ μιν εἰς ἓ ἕκαστος·","translation":"all sprang up, and each called her to himself.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀνήϊξαν","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"κάλεόν","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κάλεόν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἓ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b23-l204","source":"ἣ δʼ αὖθʼ ἕζεσθαι μὲν ἀνήνατο, εἶπε δὲ μῦθον·","translation":"But she refused to sit among them and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἕζεσθαι","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνήνατο","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνήνατο","lemma":"ἀναίνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπε","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b23-l205","source":"οὐχ ἕδος· εἶμι γὰρ αὖτις ἐπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥέεθρα","translation":"\"There is no time to sit: I am going back to the streams of Oceanus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ἕδος","lemma":"ἕδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am going"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"Oceanus"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b23-l206","source":"Αἰθιόπων ἐς γαῖαν, ὅθι ῥέζουσʼ ἑκατόμβας","translation":"to the Ethiopians' land, where they offer hecatombs","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰθιόπων","lemma":"Αἰθίοψ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"Ethiopians'"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέζουσ̓","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ῥέζουσ","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γαῖαν","gloss":"they offer"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβας","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ῥέζουσ̓","gloss":"hecatombs"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b23-l207","source":"ἀθανάτοις, ἵνα δὴ καὶ ἐγὼ μεταδαίσομαι ἱρῶν.","translation":"to the immortals, so that I too may share the sacred feast.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτοις","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ῥέζουσ̓","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μεταδαίσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μεταδαίσομαι","lemma":"μεταδαίνυμαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"I may share"},{"surface":"ἱρῶν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μεταδαίσομαι","gloss":"sacrifices"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b23-l208","source":"ἀλλʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Βορέην ἠδὲ Ζέφυρον κελαδεινὸν","translation":"But Achilles prays that Boreas and loud-blowing Zephyrus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀρᾶται","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"Βορέην","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Boreas"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζέφυρον","lemma":"Ζέφυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Zephyrus"},{"surface":"κελαδεινὸν","lemma":"κελαδεινός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζέφυρον","gloss":"loud-sounding"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b23-l209","source":"ἐλθεῖν ἀρᾶται, καὶ ὑπίσχεται ἱερὰ καλά,","translation":"will come, and he promises splendid offerings,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἀρᾶται","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἀρᾶται","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prays"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπίσχεται","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"promises"},{"surface":"ἱερὰ","lemma":"ἱερόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπίσχεται","gloss":"offerings"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱερὰ","gloss":"splendid"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b23-l210","source":"ὄφρα πυρὴν ὄρσητε καήμεναι, ᾗ ἔνι κεῖται","translation":"so that you may rouse the pyre to burn, in which lies","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πυρὴν","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄρσητε","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"ὄρσητε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"καήμεναι","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ὄρσητε","gloss":"to burn"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πυρὴν","gloss":"lies"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b23-l211","source":"Πάτροκλος, τὸν πάντες ἀναστενάχουσιν Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"Patroclus, whom all the Achaeans mourn.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀναστενάχουσιν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀναστενάχουσιν","lemma":"ἀναστενάχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πάτροκλος","gloss":"mourn"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀναστενάχουσιν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b23-l212","source":"ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπεβήσετο, τοὶ δʼ ὀρέοντο","translation":"So she spoke and went away; and the two winds rose","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l212.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τοὶ δʼ ὀρέοντο","title":"The two winds rise","body":"The pronoun points back to Boreas and Zephyrus, who now act together. Their paired movement continues through the dual forms that describe their arrival at Troy and descent upon the pyre."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπεβήσετο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεβήσετο","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπεβήσετο","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went away"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀρέοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρέοντο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b23-l213","source":"ἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ νέφεα κλονέοντε πάροιθεν.","translation":"with a wondrous roar, driving the clouds before them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠχῇ","lemma":"ἠχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὀρέοντο","gloss":"with a roar"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίῃ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠχῇ","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"νέφεα","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κλονέοντε","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"κλονέοντε","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀρέοντο","gloss":"driving"},{"surface":"πάροιθεν","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέοντε","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b23-l214","source":"αἶψα δὲ πόντον ἵκανον ἀήμεναι, ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα","translation":"Swiftly they reached the sea, blowing, and the wave rose","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανον","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανον","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἵκανον","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἀήμεναι","lemma":"ἄημι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἵκανον","gloss":"blowing"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"the wave"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b23-l215","source":"πνοιῇ ὕπο λιγυρῇ· Τροίην δʼ ἐρίβωλον ἱκέσθην,","translation":"beneath their shrill breath; they came to fertile Troy,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πνοιῇ","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὕπο","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"λιγυρῇ","lemma":"λιγυρός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πνοιῇ","gloss":"shrill"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθην","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρίβωλον","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίην","gloss":"rich-soiled"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθην","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b23-l216","source":"ἐν δὲ πυρῇ πεσέτην, μέγα δʼ ἴαχε θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ.","translation":"and fell upon the pyre; the heaven-kindled fire roared loud.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l216.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ","title":"Heaven-kindled fire","body":"θεσπιδαής describes a fire of marvelous or divine burning force. The winds do not merely stir embers: under their blast the pyre becomes a roaring, extraordinary blaze."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυρῇ","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"πεσέτην","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴαχε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴαχε","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"θεσπιδαὲς","lemma":"θεσπιδαής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"wondrous-blazing"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἴαχε","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b23-l217","source":"παννύχιοι δʼ ἄρα τοί γε πυρῆς ἄμυδις φλόγʼ ἔβαλλον","translation":"All night together they beat the pyre's flame,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παννύχιοι","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαλλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πυρῆς","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies φλόγ̓","gloss":"of the pyre"},{"surface":"ἄμυδις","lemma":"ἄμυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλλον","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"φλόγ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλλον","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"ἔβαλλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beat"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b23-l218","source":"φυσῶντες λιγέως· ὃ δὲ πάννυχος ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"blowing keenly; and all night swift Achilles","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φυσῶντες","lemma":"φυσάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλλον","gloss":"blowing"},{"surface":"λιγέως","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φυσῶντες","gloss":"shrilly"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάννυχος","lemma":"πάννυχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b23-l219","source":"χρυσέου ἐκ κρητῆρος ἑλὼν δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον","translation":"took a two-handled cup from a golden mixing bowl,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσέου","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κρητῆρος","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρητῆρος","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"mixing bowl"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χέε","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ἀμφικύπελλον","lemma":"ἀμφικύπελλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"two-handled"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b23-l220","source":"οἶνον ἀφυσσόμενος χαμάδις χέε, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν","translation":"drew wine and poured it on the ground, drenching the earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφυσσόμενος","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἀφυσσόμενος","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χέε","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"χαμάδις","lemma":"χαμάδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of χέε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"χέε","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"δεῦε","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drenched"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δεῦε","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b23-l221","source":"ψυχὴν κικλήσκων Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο.","translation":"and called upon the shade of poor Patroclus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψυχὴν","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κικλήσκων","gloss":"shade"},{"surface":"κικλήσκων","lemma":"κικλήσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δεῦε","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"Πατροκλῆος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὴν","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δειλοῖο","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατροκλῆος","gloss":"poor"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b23-l222","source":"ὡς δὲ πατὴρ οὗ παιδὸς ὀδύρεται ὀστέα καίων","translation":"As a father mourns, burning the bones of his son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l222.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς δὲ πατὴρ","title":"The funeral simile begins","body":"ὡς opens a comparison whose answering ὥς comes at line 224. The father and bridegroom son belong to the simile; Achilles and Patroclus remain the actors in the surrounding narrative."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρεται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀδύρεται","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀδύρεται","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὀδύρεται","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"mourns"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καίων","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"καίων","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρεται","gloss":"burning"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b23-l223","source":"νυμφίου, ὅς τε θανὼν δειλοὺς ἀκάχησε τοκῆας,","translation":"a bridegroom whose death has stricken his wretched parents,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νυμφίου","lemma":"νυμφίος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"bridegroom"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκάχησε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θανὼν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀκάχησε","gloss":"having died"},{"surface":"δειλοὺς","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοκῆας","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ἀκάχησε","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing παιδὸς","gloss":"brought grief"},{"surface":"τοκῆας","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκάχησε","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b23-l224","source":"ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς ἑτάροιο ὀδύρετο ὀστέα καίων,","translation":"so Achilles mourned as he burned his companion's bones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρετο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀδύρετο","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἑτάροιο","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀδύρετο","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"ὀδύρετο","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mourned"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καίων","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"καίων","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρετο","gloss":"burning"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b23-l225","source":"ἑρπύζων παρὰ πυρκαϊὴν ἁδινὰ στεναχίζων.","translation":"creeping beside the pyre and groaning without cease.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑρπύζων","lemma":"ἑρπύζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρετο","gloss":"creeping"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πυρκαϊὴν","lemma":"πυρκαιά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"ἁδινὰ","lemma":"ἁδινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζων","gloss":"without cease"},{"surface":"στεναχίζων","lemma":"στεναχίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρετο","gloss":"groaning"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b23-l226","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἑωσφόρος εἶσι φόως ἐρέων ἐπὶ γαῖαν,","translation":"When the morning star goes forth to herald light over the earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶσι","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑωσφόρος","lemma":"Ἑωσφόρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶσι","gloss":"morning star"},{"surface":"εἶσι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τῆμος","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρέων","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἐρέων","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶσι","gloss":"to herald"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b23-l227","source":"ὅν τε μέτα κροκόπεπλος ὑπεὶρ ἅλα κίδναται ἠώς,","translation":"after which saffron-robed Dawn spreads over the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μέτα","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέτα","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"κροκόπεπλος","lemma":"κροκόπεπλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠώς","gloss":"saffron-robed"},{"surface":"ὑπεὶρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπεὶρ","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"κίδναται","lemma":"κίδναμαι","morphology":"present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑωσφόρος","gloss":"spreads"},{"surface":"ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κίδναται","gloss":"dawn"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b23-l228","source":"τῆμος πυρκαϊὴ ἐμαραίνετο, παύσατο δὲ φλόξ.","translation":"then the pyre was dying down, and its flame ceased.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆμος","lemma":"τῆμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πυρκαϊὴ","lemma":"πυρκαιά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐμαραίνετο","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"ἐμαραίνετο","lemma":"μαραίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was dying down"},{"surface":"παύσατο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φλόξ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παύσατο","gloss":"flame"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b23-l229","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄνεμοι πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαν οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι","translation":"The winds turned back again and went home","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄνεμοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνεμοι","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔβαν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νέεσθαι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"go home"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b23-l230","source":"Θρηΐκιον κατὰ πόντον· ὃ δʼ ἔστενεν οἴδματι θύων.","translation":"over the Thracian sea, and it groaned, swelling with waves.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l230.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οἴδματι θύων","title":"Swelling with waves","body":"οἶδμα is a swelling or surge of the sea, while θύω conveys violent rushing. The winds' departure leaves the Thracian waters heaving behind them."}],"words":[{"surface":"Θρηΐκιον","lemma":"Θράκιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"Thracian"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστενεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστενεν","lemma":"στένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"οἴδματι","lemma":"οἶδμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to θύων","gloss":"with waves"},{"surface":"θύων","lemma":"θύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστενεν","gloss":"swelling"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b23-l231","source":"Πηλεΐδης δʼ ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς ἑτέρωσε λιασθεὶς","translation":"The son of Peleus withdrew to one side from the pyre,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κλίνθη","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πυρκαϊῆς","lemma":"πυρκαιά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωσε","lemma":"ἑτέρωσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of λιασθεὶς","gloss":"to the other side"},{"surface":"λιασθεὶς","lemma":"λιάζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κλίνθη","gloss":"withdrawing"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b23-l232","source":"κλίνθη κεκμηώς, ἐπὶ δὲ γλυκὺς ὕπνος ὄρουσεν·","translation":"lay down exhausted, and sweet sleep rushed upon him.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλίνθη","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"κεκμηώς","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κλίνθη","gloss":"exhausted"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλυκὺς","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρουσεν","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ὄρουσεν","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b23-l233","source":"οἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀτρεΐωνα ἀολλέες ἠγερέθοντο·","translation":"Those who were gathered around the son of Atreus came together;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠγερέθοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐωνα","lemma":"Ἀτρείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀμφ̓","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἠγερέθοντο","lemma":"ἠγερέθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b23-l234","source":"τῶν μιν ἐπερχομένων ὅμαδος καὶ δοῦπος ἔγειρεν,","translation":"the din and pounding of their approach woke him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔγειρεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐπερχομένων","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"approaching"},{"surface":"ὅμαδος","lemma":"ὅμαδος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"a din"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δοῦπος","lemma":"δοῦπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"pounding"},{"surface":"ἔγειρεν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"woke"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b23-l235","source":"ἕζετο δʼ ὀρθωθεὶς καί σφεας πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"He sat upright and spoke a word to them:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρθωθεὶς","lemma":"ὀρθόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b23-l236","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν,","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, and you other princes of all the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l236.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Παναχαιῶν","title":"All the Achaeans","body":"Παναχαιοί adds παν-, \"all,\" to the Achaean name. Achilles addresses the leading men as representatives of the whole expeditionary host."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστῆες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆες","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"princes"},{"surface":"Παναχαιῶν","lemma":"Παναχαιοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστῆες","gloss":"of all the Achaeans"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b23-l237","source":"πρῶτον μὲν κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσατʼ αἴθοπι οἴνῳ","translation":"first quench the pyre everywhere with gleaming wine,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to σβέσατ̓","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"πυρκαϊὴν","lemma":"πυρκαιά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σβέσατ̓","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"σβέσατ","lemma":"σβέννυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"quench"},{"surface":"αἴθοπι","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνῳ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"οἴνῳ","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σβέσατ̓","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b23-l238","source":"πᾶσαν, ὁπόσσον ἐπέσχε πυρὸς μένος· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"all of it, as far as the fire's fury had reached; and then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πυρκαϊὴν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὁπόσσον","lemma":"ὁπόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπέσχε","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"ἐπέσχε","lemma":"ἐπέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to πᾶσαν","gloss":"had reached"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπέσχε","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λέγωμεν","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b23-l239","source":"ὀστέα Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο λέγωμεν","translation":"let us gather the bones of Patroclus, son of Menoetius,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l239.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λέγωμεν","title":"Let us gather","body":"λέγωμεν is a first-person plural subjunctive used as an exhortation: \"let us gather.\" Here λέγω has its older concrete sense of picking out and collecting, not speaking."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λέγωμεν","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδαο","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"son of Menoetius"},{"surface":"λέγωμεν","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gather"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b23-l240","source":"εὖ διαγιγνώσκοντες· ἀριφραδέα δὲ τέτυκται·","translation":"distinguishing them with care; they are easy to recognize.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαγιγνώσκοντες","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"διαγιγνώσκοντες","lemma":"διαγιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λέγωμεν","gloss":"distinguishing"},{"surface":"ἀριφραδέα","lemma":"ἀριφραδής","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"plain to see"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b23-l241","source":"ἐν μέσσῃ γὰρ ἔκειτο πυρῇ, τοὶ δʼ ἄλλοι ἄνευθεν","translation":"For he lay in the middle of the pyre, while the others","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσῃ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πυρῇ","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔκειτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"πυρῇ","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἄνευθεν","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καίοντ̓","gloss":"far off"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b23-l242","source":"ἐσχατιῇ καίοντʼ ἐπιμὶξ ἵπποι τε καὶ ἄνδρες.","translation":"burned mingled at its outer edge, horses and men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσχατιῇ","lemma":"ἐσχατιά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καίοντ̓","gloss":"outer edge"},{"surface":"καίοντ","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"ἐπιμὶξ","lemma":"ἐπιμίξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καίοντ̓","gloss":"mingled together"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b23-l243","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν χρυσέῃ φιάλῃ καὶ δίπλακι δημῷ","translation":"Let us place them in a golden jar within a double layer of fat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of θείομεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"χρυσέῃ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φιάλῃ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"φιάλῃ","lemma":"φιάλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bowl"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δίπλακι","lemma":"δίπλαξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δημῷ","gloss":"double layer"},{"surface":"δημῷ","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fat"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b23-l244","source":"θείομεν, εἰς ὅ κεν αὐτὸς ἐγὼν Ἄϊδι κεύθωμαι.","translation":"until I myself am hidden in Hades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l244.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰς ὅ κεν αὐτὸς ἐγὼν Ἄϊδι κεύθωμαι","title":"Until with the subjunctive","body":"εἰς ὅ κεν introduces an indefinite future limit and therefore takes the subjunctive κεύθωμαι: the bones are to remain so until Achilles too is hidden in Hades."}],"words":[{"surface":"θείομεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεύθωμαι","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδι","lemma":"Ἀίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεύθωμαι","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"κεύθωμαι","lemma":"κεύθω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to θείομεν","gloss":"am hidden"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b23-l245","source":"τύμβον δʼ οὐ μάλα πολλὸν ἐγὼ πονέεσθαι ἄνωγα,","translation":"I command you not to labor now at a very great mound,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύμβον","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πονέεσθαι","gloss":"mound"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τύμβον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄνωγα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πονέεσθαι","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγα","gloss":"to labor"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b23-l246","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπιεικέα τοῖον· ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τὸν Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"but one of fitting size; afterward you Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικέα","lemma":"ἐπιεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"fitting"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τιθήμεναι","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τιθήμεναι","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τιθήμεναι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b23-l247","source":"εὐρύν θʼ ὑψηλόν τε τιθήμεναι, οἵ κεν ἐμεῖο","translation":"who remain after me beside the many-benched ships","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐρύν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of τε","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑψηλόν","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of τε","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τιθήμεναι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to make"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λίπησθε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δεύτεροι","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b23-l248","source":"δεύτεροι ἐν νήεσσι πολυκλήϊσι λίπησθε.","translation":"may make it broad and high.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτεροι","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πολυκλήϊσι","lemma":"πολυκλήις","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήεσσι","gloss":"many-benched"},{"surface":"λίπησθε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"remain"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b23-l249","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἐπίθοντο ποδώκεϊ Πηλεΐωνι.","translation":"So he spoke, and they obeyed the fleet son of Peleus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπίθοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίθοντο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"ποδώκεϊ","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνι","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνι","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπίθοντο","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b23-l250","source":"πρῶτον μὲν κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσαν αἴθοπι οἴνῳ","translation":"First they quenched the pyre with gleaming wine,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to σβέσαν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"πυρκαϊὴν","lemma":"πυρκαιά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σβέσαν","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"σβέσαν","lemma":"σβέννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"quenched"},{"surface":"αἴθοπι","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνῳ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"οἴνῳ","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σβέσαν","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b23-l251","source":"ὅσσον ἐπὶ φλὸξ ἦλθε, βαθεῖα δὲ κάππεσε τέφρη·","translation":"as far as the flame had reached, and the deep ash sank down.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"φλὸξ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to σβέσαν","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"βαθεῖα","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάππεσε","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"τέφρη","lemma":"τέφρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κάππεσε","gloss":"ash"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b23-l252","source":"κλαίοντες δʼ ἑτάροιο ἐνηέος ὀστέα λευκὰ","translation":"Weeping, they gathered the white bones of their gentle companion","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαίοντες","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄλλεγον","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάροιο","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"ἐνηέος","lemma":"ἐνηής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροιο","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄλλεγον","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"λευκὰ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b23-l253","source":"ἄλλεγον ἐς χρυσέην φιάλην καὶ δίπλακα δημόν,","translation":"into a golden jar within a double layer of fat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλεγον","lemma":"ἀναλέγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered up"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"χρυσέην","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φιάλην","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"φιάλην","lemma":"φιάλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bowl"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δίπλακα","lemma":"δίπλαξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δημόν","gloss":"double layer"},{"surface":"δημόν","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fat"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b23-l254","source":"ἐν κλισίῃσι δὲ θέντες ἑανῷ λιτὶ κάλυψαν·","translation":"set it in the shelter, and covered it with soft linen.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσι","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"shelters"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέντες","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κάλυψαν","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἑανῷ","lemma":"ἑανός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λιτὶ","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"λιτὶ","lemma":"λίς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάλυψαν","gloss":"linen"},{"surface":"κάλυψαν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b23-l255","source":"τορνώσαντο δὲ σῆμα θεμείλιά τε προβάλοντο","translation":"They traced the mound's circle and laid its foundations","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l255.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τορνώσαντο","title":"Tracing a circle","body":"τορνόομαι derives from τόρνος, a tool or process for drawing a circle. The mourners mark out the burial mound with deliberate geometric order around the pyre."}],"words":[{"surface":"τορνώσαντο","lemma":"τορνόομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"traced the circle"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τορνώσαντο","gloss":"mound"},{"surface":"θεμείλιά","lemma":"θέμεθλα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προβάλοντο","gloss":"foundations"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προβάλοντο","lemma":"προβάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid down"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b23-l256","source":"ἀμφὶ πυρήν· εἶθαρ δὲ χυτὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἔχευαν,","translation":"around the pyre, then at once poured heaped earth above it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πυρήν","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"εἶθαρ","lemma":"εἶθαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχευαν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χυτὴν","lemma":"χυτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"heaped"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχευαν","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἔχευαν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b23-l257","source":"χεύαντες δὲ τὸ σῆμα πάλιν κίον. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"When they had heaped the mound, they started back; but Achilles","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεύαντες","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κίον","gloss":"heaped"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χεύαντες","gloss":"mound"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κίον","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b23-l258","source":"αὐτοῦ λαὸν ἔρυκε καὶ ἵζανεν εὐρὺν ἀγῶνα,","translation":"held the people there and seated them in a broad assembly ground.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρυκε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρυκε","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ἔρυκε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵζανεν","lemma":"ἱζάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγῶνα","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνα","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵζανεν","gloss":"gathering"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b23-l259","source":"νηῶν δʼ ἔκφερʼ ἄεθλα λέβητάς τε τρίποδάς τε","translation":"From the ships he brought prizes—cauldrons and tripods,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκφεῤ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκφερ","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried out"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"prizes"},{"surface":"λέβητάς","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cauldrons"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρίποδάς","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tripods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b23-l260","source":"ἵππους θʼ ἡμιόνους τε βοῶν τʼ ἴφθιμα κάρηνα,","translation":"horses and mules, the strong heads of cattle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνους","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κάρηνα","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴφθιμα","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάρηνα","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"κάρηνα","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"heads"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b23-l261","source":"ἠδὲ γυναῖκας ἐϋζώνους πολιόν τε σίδηρον.","translation":"well-girdled women and gray iron,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l261.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολιόν τε σίδηρον","title":"Gray iron","body":"πολιός describes the dull gray color of worked iron. Iron is still valuable enough here to stand alongside livestock, vessels, horses, and skilled captives as a prize."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"ἐϋζώνους","lemma":"εὔζωνος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναῖκας","gloss":"well-girdled"},{"surface":"πολιόν","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίδηρον","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σίδηρον","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b23-l262","source":"ἱππεῦσιν μὲν πρῶτα ποδώκεσιν ἀγλάʼ ἄεθλα","translation":"and first for the swift chariot drivers he set splendid prizes:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱππεῦσιν","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ποδώκεσιν","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππεῦσιν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀγλά","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"prizes"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b23-l263","source":"θῆκε γυναῖκα ἄγεσθαι ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυῖαν","translation":"a blameless woman skilled in handiwork to take away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"γυναῖκα","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"ἄγεσθαι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies γυναῖκα","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδυῖαν","gloss":"handiwork"},{"surface":"ἰδυῖαν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies γυναῖκα","gloss":"skilled in"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b23-l264","source":"καὶ τρίποδʼ ὠτώεντα δυωκαιεικοσίμετρον","translation":"and an eared tripod holding twenty-two measures","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρίποδ","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"tripod"},{"surface":"ὠτώεντα","lemma":"ὠτώεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδ̓","gloss":"eared"},{"surface":"δυωκαιεικοσίμετρον","lemma":"δυωκαιεικοσίμετρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδ̓","gloss":"twenty-two measures"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b23-l265","source":"τῷ πρώτῳ· ἀτὰρ αὖ τῷ δευτέρῳ ἵππον ἔθηκεν","translation":"for the first man; for the second he set a mare,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πρώτῳ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρώτῳ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππεῦσιν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine article","role":"modifies δευτέρῳ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δευτέρῳ","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"mare"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b23-l266","source":"ἑξέτεʼ ἀδμήτην βρέφος ἡμίονον κυέουσαν·","translation":"six years old, unbroken, carrying a mule foal;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l266.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀδμήτην","title":"Unbroken","body":"ἀδμής literally means \"untamed\" or \"unsubdued.\" Of the mare it means she has not been broken to harness, which adds to her value as breeding stock."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξέτε","lemma":"ἑξέτης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"six years old"},{"surface":"ἀδμήτην","lemma":"ἄδμητος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"unbroken"},{"surface":"βρέφος","lemma":"βρέφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κυέουσαν","gloss":"foal"},{"surface":"ἡμίονον","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βρέφος","gloss":"mule"},{"surface":"κυέουσαν","lemma":"κυέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b23-l267","source":"αὐτὰρ τῷ τριτάτῳ ἄπυρον κατέθηκε λέβητα","translation":"for the third he set down an unused cauldron,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine article","role":"modifies τριτάτῳ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τριτάτῳ","lemma":"τρίτατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of κατέθηκε","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"ἄπυρον","lemma":"ἄπυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέβητα","gloss":"unused"},{"surface":"κατέθηκε","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"λέβητα","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατέθηκε","gloss":"cauldron"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b23-l268","source":"καλὸν τέσσαρα μέτρα κεχανδότα λευκὸν ἔτʼ αὔτως·","translation":"beautiful, holding four measures, still bright as new;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέβητα","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"τέσσαρα","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέτρα","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"μέτρα","lemma":"μέτρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κεχανδότα","gloss":"measures"},{"surface":"κεχανδότα","lemma":"χανδάνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies λέβητα","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"λευκὸν","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέβητα","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λευκὸν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λευκὸν","gloss":"as new"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b23-l269","source":"τῷ δὲ τετάρτῳ θῆκε δύω χρυσοῖο τάλαντα,","translation":"for the fourth he set two talents of gold,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine article","role":"modifies τετάρτῳ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τετάρτῳ","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"χρυσοῖο","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τάλαντα","lemma":"τάλαντον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"talents"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b23-l270","source":"πέμπτῳ δʼ ἀμφίθετον φιάλην ἀπύρωτον ἔθηκε.","translation":"and for the fifth an untouched two-handled bowl.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμπτῳ","lemma":"πέμπτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"fifth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφίθετον","lemma":"ἀμφίθετος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φιάλην","gloss":"two-handled"},{"surface":"φιάλην","lemma":"φιάλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"bowl"},{"surface":"ἀπύρωτον","lemma":"ἀπύρωτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φιάλην","gloss":"untouched by fire"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b23-l271","source":"στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"He stood upright and spoke a word among the Argives:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρθὸς","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b23-l272","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, and you other well-greaved Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b23-l273","source":"ἱππῆας τάδʼ ἄεθλα δεδεγμένα κεῖτʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι.","translation":"these prizes lie waiting in the arena for the chariot drivers.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱππῆας","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δεδεγμένα","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"τάδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κεῖτ̓","gloss":"prizes"},{"surface":"δεδεγμένα","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ̓","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"gathering"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b23-l274","source":"εἰ μὲν νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"If we Achaeans were now holding games for another,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀεθλεύοιμεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἀεθλεύοιμεν","lemma":"ἀθλεύω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"were holding games"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀεθλεύοιμεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b23-l275","source":"ἦ τʼ ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα λαβὼν κλισίην δὲ φεροίμην.","translation":"I would take the first prize and carry it to my shelter.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φεροίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies πρῶτα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λαβὼν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φεροίμην","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φεροίμην","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"φεροίμην","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would carry"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b23-l276","source":"ἴστε γὰρ ὅσσον ἐμοὶ ἀρετῇ περιβάλλετον ἵπποι·","translation":"For you know how far my horses surpass all others in excellence:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴστε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to περιβάλλετον","gloss":"how far"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀρετῇ","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περιβάλλετον","gloss":"excellence"},{"surface":"περιβάλλετον","lemma":"περιβάλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"object of ἴστε","gloss":"surpass"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of περιβάλλετον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b23-l277","source":"ἀθάνατοί τε γάρ εἰσι, Ποσειδάων δὲ πόρʼ αὐτοὺς","translation":"they are immortal, and Poseidon gave them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοί","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πόῤ","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόρ","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πόῤ","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b23-l278","source":"πατρὶ ἐμῷ Πηλῆϊ, ὃ δʼ αὖτʼ ἐμοὶ ἐγγυάλιξεν.","translation":"to my father Peleus, who in turn entrusted them to me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλῆϊ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Πηλῆϊ","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πόῤ","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγγυάλιξεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγγυάλιξεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐγγυάλιξεν","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entrusted"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b23-l279","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ μενέω καὶ μώνυχες ἵπποι·","translation":"But I shall remain apart, I and my single-hoofed horses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μενέω","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remain"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μώνυχες","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b23-l280","source":"τοίου γὰρ κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσαν ἡνιόχοιο","translation":"for they have lost the noble glory of so kind a driver,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l280.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος ἐσθλὸν","title":"A driver's noble glory","body":"κλέος is the fame or glory carried in remembered speech. Achilles' immortal horses mourn because Patroclus, their gentle driver, embodied a glory they have now lost."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοίου","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡνιόχοιο","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπώλεσαν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἀπώλεσαν","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχοιο","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"driver"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b23-l281","source":"ἠπίου, ὅς σφωϊν μάλα πολλάκις ὑγρὸν ἔλαιον","translation":"who so often poured smooth oil over both their manes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠπίου","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡνιόχοιο","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέχευε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σφωϊν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κατέχευε","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλάκις","lemma":"πολλάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέχευε","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"ὑγρὸν","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔλαιον","gloss":"liquid"},{"surface":"ἔλαιον","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατέχευε","gloss":"oil"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b23-l282","source":"χαιτάων κατέχευε λοέσσας ὕδατι λευκῷ.","translation":"after washing them in clear water.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαιτάων","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατέχευε","gloss":"manes"},{"surface":"κατέχευε","lemma":"καταχεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἡνιόχοιο","gloss":"poured down"},{"surface":"λοέσσας","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέχευε","gloss":"after washing"},{"surface":"ὕδατι","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to λοέσσας","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"λευκῷ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδατι","gloss":"clear"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b23-l283","source":"τὸν τώ γʼ ἑσταότες πενθείετον, οὔδεϊ δέ σφι","translation":"The two stand mourning him, and on the ground","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πενθείετον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πενθείετον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑσταότες","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πενθείετον","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"πενθείετον","lemma":"πενθέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mourn"},{"surface":"οὔδεϊ","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρηρέδαται","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χαῖται","gloss":"their"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b23-l284","source":"χαῖται ἐρηρέδαται, τὼ δʼ ἕστατον ἀχνυμένω κῆρ.","translation":"their manes trail; there they stand, grieving at heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖται","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐρηρέδαται","gloss":"manes"},{"surface":"ἐρηρέδαται","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"perfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trail"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕστατον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕστατον","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἀχνυμένω","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστατον","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀχνυμένω","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b23-l285","source":"ἄλλοι δὲ στέλλεσθε κατὰ στρατόν, ὅς τις Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"But you others, make ready throughout the camp, whoever among the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of στέλλεσθε","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"στέλλεσθε","lemma":"στέλλω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make ready"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"στρατόν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέποιθε","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b23-l286","source":"ἵπποισίν τε πέποιθε καὶ ἅρμασι κολλητοῖσιν.","translation":"trusts in his horses and his close-fitted chariot.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποισίν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέποιθε","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλοι","gloss":"trusts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρμασι","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"κολλητοῖσιν","lemma":"κολλητός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμασι","gloss":"well-jointed"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b23-l287","source":"ὣς φάτο Πηλεΐδης, ταχέες δʼ ἱππῆες ἄγερθεν.","translation":"So the son of Peleus spoke, and the swift chariot drivers gathered.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φάτο","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"ταχέες","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππῆες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱππῆες","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγερθεν","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"ἄγερθεν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b23-l288","source":"ὦρτο πολὺ πρῶτος μὲν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Εὔμηλος","translation":"First by far rose Eumelus, lord of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πρῶτος","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμηλος","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Εὔμηλος","lemma":"Εὔμηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Eumelus"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b23-l289","source":"Ἀδμήτου φίλος υἱός, ὃς ἱπποσύνῃ ἐκέκαστο·","translation":"the dear son of Admetus, who excelled in horsemanship;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀδμήτου","lemma":"Ἄδμητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Admetus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμηλος","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκέκαστο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἱπποσύνῃ","lemma":"ἱπποσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκαστο","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"surface":"ἐκέκαστο","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Εὔμηλος","gloss":"excelled"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b23-l290","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδης ὦρτο κρατερὸς Διομήδης,","translation":"and after him arose mighty Diomedes, son of Tydeus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b23-l291","source":"ἵππους δὲ Τρῳοὺς ὕπαγε ζυγόν, οὕς ποτʼ ἀπηύρα","translation":"he brought Trojan horses beneath the yoke, those he once took","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὕπαγε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῳοὺς","lemma":"Τρωιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ὕπαγε","lemma":"ὑπάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought under"},{"surface":"ζυγόν","lemma":"ζυγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὕπαγε","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"οὕς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἀπηύρα","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀτὰρ","gloss":"he took away"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b23-l292","source":"Αἰνείαν, ἀτὰρ αὐτὸν ὑπεξεσάωσεν Ἀπόλλων.","translation":"from Aeneas, though Apollo rescued the man himself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ὑπεξεσάωσεν","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ὑπεξεσάωσεν","lemma":"ὑπεκσῴζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀτὰρ","gloss":"rescued"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπεξεσάωσεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b23-l293","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδης ὦρτο ξανθὸς Μενέλαος","translation":"After him rose the son of Atreus, golden-haired Menelaus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b23-l294","source":"διογενής, ὑπὸ δὲ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν ὠκέας ἵππους","translation":"Zeus-sprung, and beneath the yoke he led his swift horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διογενής","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"Zeus-sprung"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἤγαγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b23-l295","source":"Αἴθην τὴν Ἀγαμεμνονέην τὸν ἑόν τε Πόδαργον·","translation":"Agamemnon's mare Aethe and his own Podargus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴθην","lemma":"Αἴθη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Aethe"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine article","role":"modifies Ἀγαμεμνονέην","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμεμνονέην","lemma":"Ἀγαμεμνόνεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴθην","gloss":"Agamemnon's"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἑόν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἑόν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πόδαργον","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πόδαργον","lemma":"Πόδαργος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Podargus"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b23-l296","source":"τὴν Ἀγαμέμνονι δῶκʼ Ἀγχισιάδης Ἐχέπωλος","translation":"Echepolus, son of Anchises, had given her to Agamemnon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"δῶκ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"Ἀγχισιάδης","lemma":"Ἀγχισιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἐχέπωλος","gloss":"son of Anchises"},{"surface":"Ἐχέπωλος","lemma":"Ἐχέπωλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκ̓","gloss":"Echepolus"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b23-l297","source":"δῶρʼ, ἵνα μή οἱ ἕποιθʼ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν,","translation":"as a gift, so he need not follow him to windy Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρ","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as a gift"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕποιθ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἕποιθ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"might follow"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἠνεμόεσσαν","lemma":"ἠνεμόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"windy"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b23-l298","source":"ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ τέρποιτο μένων· μέγα γάρ οἱ ἔδωκε","translation":"but might stay there and take his ease; for Zeus had given him","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένων","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τέρποιτο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"might take ease"},{"surface":"μένων","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρποιτο","gloss":"staying there"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄφενος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had given"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b23-l299","source":"Ζεὺς ἄφενος, ναῖεν δʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν εὐρυχόρῳ Σικυῶνι·","translation":"great wealth, and he lived in broad-dancing Sicyon.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄφενος","lemma":"ἄφενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"ναῖεν","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναῖεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εὐρυχόρῳ","lemma":"εὐρύχορος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Σικυῶνι","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"Σικυῶνι","lemma":"Σικυών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Sicyon"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b23-l300","source":"τὴν ὅ γʼ ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἦγε μέγα δρόμου ἰσχανόωσαν.","translation":"This mare he led beneath the yoke, yearning greatly for the race.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἦγε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦγε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἦγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰσχανόωσαν","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"δρόμου","lemma":"δρόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰσχανόωσαν","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"ἰσχανόωσαν","lemma":"ἰσχανάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yearning"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b23-l301","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δὲ τέταρτος ἐΰτριχας ὁπλίσαθʼ ἵππους,","translation":"Antilochus was fourth to harness his lovely-maned horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁπλίσαθ̓","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέταρτος","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"ἐΰτριχας","lemma":"εὖθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"lovely-maned"},{"surface":"ὁπλίσαθ","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁπλίσαθ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b23-l302","source":"Νέστορος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς ὑπερθύμοιο ἄνακτος","translation":"the splendid son of Nestor, the high-hearted lord,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχος","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὑπερθύμοιο","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορος","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b23-l303","source":"τοῦ Νηληϊάδαο· Πυλοιγενέες δέ οἱ ἵπποι","translation":"son of Neleus; his horses were bred in Pylos,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l303.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Πυλοιγενέες","title":"Bred in Pylos","body":"Πυλοιγενής combines Pylos with the root of γίγνομαι, \"be born.\" The horses' local breeding matters because Nestor immediately compares their limited speed with his son's skill."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies Νηληϊάδαο","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Νηληϊάδαο","lemma":"Νηληιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορος","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"Πυλοιγενέες","lemma":"Πυλοιγενής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"Pylos-born"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b23-l304","source":"ὠκύποδες φέρον ἅρμα· πατὴρ δέ οἱ ἄγχι παραστὰς","translation":"swift-footed, and drew his chariot. His father stood near","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκύποδες","lemma":"ὠκύπους","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"ἅρμα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μυθεῖτ̓","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"παραστὰς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μυθεῖτ̓","gloss":"standing"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b23-l305","source":"μυθεῖτʼ εἰς ἀγαθὰ φρονέων νοέοντι καὶ αὐτῷ·","translation":"and counseled him for his good, though he himself already understood:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυθεῖτ","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"counseled"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὰ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μυθεῖτ̓","gloss":"intending"},{"surface":"νοέοντι","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b23-l306","source":"Ἀντίλοχʼ ἤτοι μέν σε νέον περ ἐόντʼ ἐφίλησαν","translation":"\"Antilochus, though you are young, Zeus and Poseidon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l306.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νέον περ ἐόντʼ","title":"Though you are young","body":"The participle ἐόντα agrees with Antilochus, while περ gives it concessive force: \"though you are young.\" Nestor grants the apparent disadvantage before praising his son's divine training."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφίλησαν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐφίλησαν","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loved"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b23-l307","source":"Ζεύς τε Ποσειδάων τε, καὶ ἱπποσύνας ἐδίδαξαν","translation":"have loved you and taught you every kind","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱπποσύνας","lemma":"ἱπποσύνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδίδαξαν","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"surface":"ἐδίδαξαν","lemma":"διδάσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"taught"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b23-l308","source":"παντοίας· τὼ καί σε διδασκέμεν οὔ τι μάλα χρεώ·","translation":"of horsemanship; so there is little need to teach you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίας","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἱπποσύνας","gloss":"every kind"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διδασκέμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"διδασκέμεν","lemma":"διδάσκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies χρεώ","gloss":"to teach"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"χρεώ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"need"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b23-l309","source":"οἶσθα γὰρ εὖ περὶ τέρμαθʼ ἑλισσέμεν· ἀλλά τοι ἵπποι","translation":"You know well how to wheel around the turning posts; but your horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l309.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τέρμαθʼ","title":"The turning posts","body":"τέρματα are the markers around which the chariots must wheel before racing back. A close, controlled turn can offset a team's lack of straight-line speed."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἶσθα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶσθα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τέρμαθ","lemma":"τέρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"turning posts"},{"surface":"ἑλισσέμεν","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of οἶσθα","gloss":"to wheel"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b23-l310","source":"βάρδιστοι θείειν· τώ τʼ οἴω λοίγιʼ ἔσεσθαι.","translation":"are slowest at running, and so I think this will go badly.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάρδιστοι","lemma":"βάρδιστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"slowest"},{"surface":"θείειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to run"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴω","lemma":"ὀίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"λοίγι","lemma":"λοίγιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἔσεσθαι","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"ἔσεσθαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of οἴω","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b23-l311","source":"τῶν δʼ ἵπποι μὲν ἔασιν ἀφάρτεροι, οὐδὲ μὲν αὐτοὶ","translation":"The others' horses are swifter, yet the men themselves","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"the others'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἀφάρτεροι","lemma":"ἀφάρτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swifter"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b23-l312","source":"πλείονα ἴσασιν σέθεν αὐτοῦ μητίσασθαι.","translation":"know no more than you do of devising a plan.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλείονα","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to μητίσασθαι","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἴσασιν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πλείονα","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"μητίσασθαι","lemma":"μητίομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἴσασιν","gloss":"to devise"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b23-l313","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ σὺ φίλος μῆτιν ἐμβάλλεο θυμῷ","translation":"Come then, dear son, put every kind of cunning","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμβάλλεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σὺ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμβάλλεο","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"ἐμβάλλεο","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμβάλλεο","gloss":"in your heart"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b23-l314","source":"παντοίην, ἵνα μή σε παρεκπροφύγῃσιν ἄεθλα.","translation":"into your heart, so that the prizes do not escape you.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίην","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆτιν","gloss":"of every kind"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρεκπροφύγῃσιν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"παρεκπροφύγῃσιν","lemma":"παρεκπροφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"escape"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of παρεκπροφύγῃσιν","gloss":"prizes"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b23-l315","source":"μήτι τοι δρυτόμος μέγʼ ἀμείνων ἠὲ βίηφι·","translation":"By cunning a woodcutter is far better than by strength;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l315.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μήτι","title":"Metis: cunning intelligence","body":"μῆτις is practical, adaptive intelligence rather than abstract wisdom. Nestor makes it the governing principle of woodcutting, steering, and chariot driving alike."}],"words":[{"surface":"μήτι","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by cunning"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"δρυτόμος","lemma":"δρυτόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"woodcutter"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνων","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"βίηφι","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by strength"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b23-l316","source":"μήτι δʼ αὖτε κυβερνήτης ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ","translation":"by cunning too a helmsman on the wine-dark sea","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτι","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰθύνει","gloss":"by cunning"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"κυβερνήτης","lemma":"κυβερνήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰθύνει","gloss":"helmsman"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴνοπι","lemma":"οἶνοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"wine-dark"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b23-l317","source":"νῆα θοὴν ἰθύνει ἐρεχθομένην ἀνέμοισι·","translation":"guides a swift ship battered by the winds;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰθύνει","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἰθύνει","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guides"},{"surface":"ἐρεχθομένην","lemma":"ἐρέχθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"battered"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοισι","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρεχθομένην","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b23-l318","source":"μήτι δʼ ἡνίοχος περιγίγνεται ἡνιόχοιο.","translation":"and by cunning one charioteer surpasses another.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l318.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"περιγίγνεται ἡνιόχοιο","title":"Surpassing with the genitive","body":"περιγίγνομαι takes a genitive of the person surpassed, here ἡνιόχοιο. The construction means that one driver \"gets the better of\" another."}],"words":[{"surface":"μήτι","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περιγίγνεται","gloss":"by cunning"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχος","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of περιγίγνεται","gloss":"charioteer"},{"surface":"περιγίγνεται","lemma":"περιγίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surpasses"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχοιο","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιγίγνεται","gloss":"another charioteer"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b23-l319","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃς μέν θʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασιν οἷσι πεποιθὼς","translation":"But the man who trusts in his horses and his chariot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑλίσσεται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποισι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρμασιν","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"οἷσι","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πεποιθὼς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑλίσσεται","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b23-l320","source":"ἀφραδέως ἐπὶ πολλὸν ἑλίσσεται ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,","translation":"wheels recklessly far out, now this way, now that;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφραδέως","lemma":"ἀφραδής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑλίσσεται","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἑλίσσεται","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wheels"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b23-l321","source":"ἵπποι δὲ πλανόωνται ἀνὰ δρόμον, οὐδὲ κατίσχει·","translation":"his horses wander over the course, and he does not hold them in.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πλανόωνται","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλανόωνται","lemma":"πλανάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wander"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"δρόμον","lemma":"δρόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"κατίσχει","lemma":"κατίσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds them in"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b23-l322","source":"ὃς δέ κε κέρδεα εἰδῇ ἐλαύνων ἥσσονας ἵππους,","translation":"But the man who knows his advantage, though driving weaker horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰδῇ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"κέρδεα","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰδῇ","gloss":"advantages"},{"surface":"εἰδῇ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνων","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰδῇ","gloss":"driving"},{"surface":"ἥσσονας","lemma":"ἥσσων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"weaker"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλαύνων","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b23-l323","source":"αἰεὶ τέρμʼ ὁρόων στρέφει ἐγγύθεν, οὐδέ ἑ λήθει","translation":"keeps his eye on the post and turns close, never forgetting","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρόων","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τέρμ","lemma":"τέρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρόων","gloss":"turning post"},{"surface":"ὁρόων","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στρέφει","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"στρέφει","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στρέφει","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λήθει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"λήθει","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escapes notice"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b23-l324","source":"ὅππως τὸ πρῶτον τανύσῃ βοέοισιν ἱμᾶσιν,","translation":"how from the start to keep the oxhide reins drawn taut,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τανύσῃ","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πρῶτον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τανύσῃ","gloss":"from the start"},{"surface":"τανύσῃ","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of λήθει","gloss":"keep taut"},{"surface":"βοέοισιν","lemma":"βόειος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμᾶσιν","gloss":"oxhide"},{"surface":"ἱμᾶσιν","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τανύσῃ","gloss":"reins"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b23-l325","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔχει ἀσφαλέως καὶ τὸν προὔχοντα δοκεύει.","translation":"but holds them steady and watches the man ahead.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"ἀσφαλέως","lemma":"ἀσφαλής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"steadily"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies προὔχοντα","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"προὔχοντα","lemma":"προέχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of δοκεύει","gloss":"man ahead"},{"surface":"δοκεύει","lemma":"δοκεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"watches"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b23-l326","source":"σῆμα δέ τοι ἐρέω μάλʼ ἀριφραδές, οὐδέ σε λήσει.","translation":"I shall tell you a sign, plain to see, and it will not escape you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l326.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σῆμα","title":"A sign and a monument","body":"σῆμα is a visible sign or marker and can also mean a grave monument. Nestor's uncertainty at line 331 turns that double sense into part of the landscape."}],"words":[{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀριφραδές","lemma":"ἀριφραδής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"plain to see"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λήσει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"λήσει","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will escape"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b23-l327","source":"ἕστηκε ξύλον αὖον ὅσον τʼ ὄργυιʼ ὑπὲρ αἴης","translation":"A dry stump stands about a fathom above the ground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστηκε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"ξύλον","lemma":"ξύλον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἕστηκε","gloss":"stump"},{"surface":"αὖον","lemma":"αὖος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξύλον","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄργυι","lemma":"ὄργυια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fathom"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b23-l328","source":"ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης· τὸ μὲν οὐ καταπύθεται ὄμβρῳ,","translation":"whether oak or pine; rain does not rot it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"δρυὸς","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"an oak"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πεύκης","lemma":"πεύκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"pine"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of καταπύθεται","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"καταπύθεται","lemma":"καταπύθω","morphology":"present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rot"},{"surface":"ὄμβρῳ","lemma":"ὄμβρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καταπύθεται","gloss":"rain"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b23-l329","source":"λᾶε δὲ τοῦ ἑκάτερθεν ἐρηρέδαται δύο λευκὼ","translation":"and two white stones are fixed against it, one on either side,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l329.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δύο λευκὼ","title":"Dual agreement","body":"λευκώ is dual, agreeing with the exactly two stones. The special number form makes the paired markers on either side of the stump precise."}],"words":[{"surface":"λᾶε","lemma":"λᾶας","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρηρέδαται","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἑκάτερθεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἑκάτερθεν","lemma":"ἑκάτερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"on either side"},{"surface":"ἐρηρέδαται","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"perfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are fixed"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies λᾶε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"λευκὼ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies λᾶε","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b23-l330","source":"ἐν ξυνοχῇσιν ὁδοῦ, λεῖος δʼ ἱππόδρομος ἀμφὶς","translation":"at the joining of the road, and the chariot track is smooth around it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ξυνοχῇσιν","lemma":"συνοχή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"joining"},{"surface":"ὁδοῦ","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ξυνοχῇσιν","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"λεῖος","lemma":"λεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππόδρομος","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱππόδρομος","lemma":"ἱππόδρομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"chariot track"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b23-l331","source":"ἤ τευ σῆμα βροτοῖο πάλαι κατατεθνηῶτος,","translation":"Perhaps it is the monument of some mortal long dead,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βροτοῖο","gloss":"someone's"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"monument"},{"surface":"βροτοῖο","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"of a mortal"},{"surface":"πάλαι","lemma":"πάλαι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατατεθνηῶτος","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"κατατεθνηῶτος","lemma":"καταθνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies βροτοῖο","gloss":"long dead"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b23-l332","source":"ἢ τό γε νύσσα τέτυκτο ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνθρώπων,","translation":"or perhaps men of earlier days made it a turning post;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l332.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νύσσα","title":"The chariot's turn marker","body":"νύσσα is the fixed marker a racing chariot rounds. It is distinct from the finishing line: skill lies in passing it closely without striking it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τέτυκτο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"νύσσα","lemma":"νύσσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"turning post"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been made"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in the time of"},{"surface":"προτέρων","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b23-l333","source":"καὶ νῦν τέρματʼ ἔθηκε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"and now swift-footed godlike Achilles has made it the turn.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l333.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς","title":"Swift-footed godlike Achilles","body":"This full epithet combines ποδάρκης, \"swift-footed,\" with δῖος, \"godlike.\" Even while Achilles does not race, the formula preserves his defining speed."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τέρματ","lemma":"τέρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"complement of ἔθηκε","gloss":"turning posts"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθηκε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b23-l334","source":"τῷ σὺ μάλʼ ἐγχρίμψας ἐλάαν σχεδὸν ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους,","translation":"Drive your horses and chariot very close beside it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐγχρίμψας","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλάαν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγχρίμψας","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐγχρίμψας","lemma":"ἐγχρίμπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλάαν","gloss":"pressing close"},{"surface":"ἐλάαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλάαν","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"ἅρμα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b23-l335","source":"αὐτὸς δὲ κλινθῆναι ἐϋπλέκτῳ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ","translation":"and lean yourself gently to the left of the pair","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλινθῆναι","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"lean"},{"surface":"ἐϋπλέκτῳ","lemma":"εὔπλεκτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρῳ","gloss":"well-plaited"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δίφρῳ","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b23-l336","source":"ἦκʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ τοῖιν· ἀτὰρ τὸν δεξιὸν ἵππον","translation":"in your well-woven chariot; but urge the right-hand horse","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦκ","lemma":"ἦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"gently"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὰ","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"τοῖιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive dual masculine article","role":"modifies ἀριστερὰ","gloss":"the pair"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κένσαι","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b23-l337","source":"κένσαι ὁμοκλήσας, εἶξαί τέ οἱ ἡνία χερσίν.","translation":"with a shout and a prick, and let the reins yield in your hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κένσαι","lemma":"κεντέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"prick them"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλήσας","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κένσαι","gloss":"with a shout"},{"surface":"εἶξαί","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"yield"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἶξαί","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἶξαί","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἶξαί","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b23-l338","source":"ἐν νύσσῃ δέ τοι ἵππος ἀριστερὸς ἐγχριμφθήτω,","translation":"At the post let your left-hand horse press close,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l338.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐγχριμφθήτω","title":"Third-person imperative","body":"ἐγχριμφθήτω is a third-person imperative: \"let it press close.\" Nestor directs the command grammatically to the left-hand horse through Antilochus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"νύσσῃ","lemma":"νύσσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"turning post"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἵππος","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐγχριμφθήτω","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὸς","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππος","gloss":"left-hand"},{"surface":"ἐγχριμφθήτω","lemma":"ἐγχρίμπτω","morphology":"aorist passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"press close"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b23-l339","source":"ὡς ἄν τοι πλήμνη γε δοάσσεται ἄκρον ἱκέσθαι","translation":"so that the nave of your fashioned wheel seems almost to graze it;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πλήμνη","lemma":"πλήμνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δοάσσεται","gloss":"nave"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δοάσσεται","lemma":"δοάσσατο","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"ἄκρον","lemma":"ἄκρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"outer edge"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δοάσσεται","gloss":"to reach"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b23-l340","source":"κύκλου ποιητοῖο· λίθου δʼ ἀλέασθαι ἐπαυρεῖν,","translation":"but take care not to strike the stone,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύκλου","lemma":"κύκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πλήμνη","gloss":"wheel"},{"surface":"ποιητοῖο","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύκλου","gloss":"fashioned"},{"surface":"λίθου","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαυρεῖν","gloss":"the stone"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀλέασθαι","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"take care"},{"surface":"ἐπαυρεῖν","lemma":"ἐπαυρέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἀλέασθαι","gloss":"to strike"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b23-l341","source":"μή πως ἵππους τε τρώσῃς κατά θʼ ἅρματα ἄξῃς·","translation":"lest you wound the horses and shatter the chariot.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τρώσῃς","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρώσῃς","lemma":"τιτρώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"you wound"},{"surface":"κατά","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to pieces"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄξῃς","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"ἄξῃς","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"you smash"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b23-l342","source":"χάρμα δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοισιν, ἐλεγχείη δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ","translation":"That would be joy for the others and shame for you;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάρμα","lemma":"χάρμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a joy"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοισιν","gloss":"for the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισιν","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἐλεγχείη","lemma":"ἐλεγχείη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b23-l343","source":"ἔσσεται· ἀλλὰ φίλος φρονέων πεφυλαγμένος εἶναι.","translation":"so, dear son, be watchful and keep your judgment.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"be thoughtful"},{"surface":"πεφυλαγμένος","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"be watchful"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b23-l344","source":"εἰ γάρ κʼ ἐν νύσσῃ γε παρεξελάσῃσθα διώκων,","translation":"For if you pass them at the post while pursuing,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l344.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰ γάρ κʼ ἐν νύσσῃ γε παρεξελάσῃσθα","title":"Future condition","body":"εἰ with κε and the subjunctive παρεξελάσῃσθα sets a prospective condition: if Antilochus gets past at the turn, the result in the next lines will follow."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"νύσσῃ","lemma":"νύσσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"turning post"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παρεξελάσῃσθα","lemma":"παρεξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you pass"},{"surface":"διώκων","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρεξελάσῃσθα","gloss":"pursuing"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b23-l345","source":"οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅς κέ σʼ ἕλῃσι μετάλμενος οὐδὲ παρέλθῃ,","translation":"there is no man who could catch you by a burst or pass you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ἔσθ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλῃσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἕλῃσι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"catch you"},{"surface":"μετάλμενος","lemma":"μεθάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλῃσι","gloss":"surging past"},{"surface":"παρέλθῃ","lemma":"παρέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"pass by"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b23-l346","source":"οὐδʼ εἴ κεν μετόπισθεν Ἀρίονα δῖον ἐλαύνοι","translation":"not even if he drove behind you divine Arion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"μετόπισθεν","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλαύνοι","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"Ἀρίονα","lemma":"Ἀρίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"Arion"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρίονα","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνοι","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b23-l347","source":"Ἀδρήστου ταχὺν ἵππον, ὃς ἐκ θεόφιν γένος ἦεν,","translation":"the swift horse of Adrastus, whose stock was from the gods,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀδρήστου","lemma":"Ἄδραστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"of Adrastus"},{"surface":"ταχὺν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀρίονα","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θεόφιν","lemma":"θεόφιν","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"from the gods"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀρίονα","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b23-l348","source":"ἢ τοὺς Λαομέδοντος, οἳ ἐνθάδε γʼ ἔτραφεν ἐσθλοί.","translation":"or Laomedon's horses, the finest bred in this land.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"Λαομέδοντος","lemma":"Λαομέδων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τοὺς","gloss":"of Laomedon"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτραφεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτραφεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔτραφεν","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοὺς","gloss":"were bred"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοί","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b23-l349","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν Νέστωρ Νηλήϊος ἂψ ἐνὶ χώρῃ","translation":"So Nestor, son of Neleus, spoke and sat again in his place,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ̓","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕζετ̓","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"Νηλήϊος","lemma":"Νηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ̓","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χώρῃ","lemma":"χώρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the place"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b23-l350","source":"ἕζετʼ, ἐπεὶ ᾧ παιδὶ ἑκάστου πείρατʼ ἔειπε.","translation":"when he had told his son the sum of every point.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πείρατ̓","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"πείρατ","lemma":"πεῖραρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"full details"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ̓","gloss":"had told"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b23-l351","source":"Μηριόνης δʼ ἄρα πέμπτος ἐΰτριχας ὁπλίσαθʼ ἵππους.","translation":"Meriones was fifth to harness his lovely-maned horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁπλίσαθ̓","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πέμπτος","lemma":"πέμπτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fifth"},{"surface":"ἐΰτριχας","lemma":"εὖθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"lovely-maned"},{"surface":"ὁπλίσαθ","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁπλίσαθ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b23-l352","source":"ἂν δʼ ἔβαν ἐς δίφρους, ἐν δὲ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο·","translation":"They mounted their chariots and cast their lots within a helmet;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δίφρους","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλήρους","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐβάλοντο","gloss":"lots"},{"surface":"ἐβάλοντο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b23-l353","source":"πάλλʼ Ἀχιλεύς, ἐκ δὲ κλῆρος θόρε Νεστορίδαο","translation":"Achilles shook it, and out leapt the lot of Nestor's son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάλλ","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πάλλ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλῆρος","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θόρε","gloss":"lot"},{"surface":"θόρε","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"Νεστορίδαο","lemma":"Νεστορίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀντιλόχου","gloss":"Nestor's son"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b23-l354","source":"Ἀντιλόχου· μετὰ τὸν δʼ ἔλαχε κρείων Εὔμηλος·","translation":"Antilochus; after him the lord Eumelus drew his place;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχου","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλῆρος","gloss":"of Antilochus"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλαχε","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔμηλος","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Εὔμηλος","lemma":"Εὔμηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαχε","gloss":"Eumelus"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b23-l355","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδης δουρὶ κλειτὸς Μενέλαος,","translation":"after him came the son of Atreus, Menelaus famed with the spear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κλειτὸς","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"κλειτὸς","lemma":"κλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b23-l356","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Μηριόνης λάχʼ ἐλαυνέμεν· ὕστατος αὖτε","translation":"after him Meriones drew his place to drive; and last","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάχ̓","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"λάχ","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"ἐλαυνέμεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to λάχ̓","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"ὕστατος","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b23-l357","source":"Τυδεΐδης ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἐὼν λάχʼ ἐλαυνέμεν ἵππους.","translation":"the son of Tydeus, though far the best, drew the place to drive his horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάχ̓","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄριστος","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάχ̓","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"λάχ","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"ἐλαυνέμεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to λάχ̓","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλαυνέμεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b23-l358","source":"στὰν δὲ μεταστοιχί, σήμηνε δὲ τέρματʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"They stood in order, and Achilles showed them the turning post","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στὰν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεταστοιχί","lemma":"μεταστοιχεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στὰν","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"σήμηνε","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέρματ","lemma":"τέρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of σήμηνε","gloss":"turning posts"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σήμηνε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b23-l359","source":"τηλόθεν ἐν λείῳ πεδίῳ· παρὰ δὲ σκοπὸν εἷσεν","translation":"far away on the level plain; beside it he stationed as watcher","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies τέρματ̓","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λείῳ","lemma":"λεῖος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίῳ","gloss":"level"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκοπὸν","lemma":"σκοπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"watcher"},{"surface":"εἷσεν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seated"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b23-l360","source":"ἀντίθεον Φοίνικα ὀπάονα πατρὸς ἑοῖο,","translation":"godlike Phoenix, his father's companion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φοίνικα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Φοίνικα","lemma":"Φοῖνιξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἷσεν","gloss":"Phoenix"},{"surface":"ὀπάονα","lemma":"ὀπάων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φοίνικα","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀπάονα","gloss":"his father's"},{"surface":"ἑοῖο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b23-l361","source":"ὡς μεμνέῳτο δρόμους καὶ ἀληθείην ἀποείποι.","translation":"to remember the runs and report the truth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μεμνέῳτο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive optative, 3rd verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"δρόμους","lemma":"δρόμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεμνέῳτο","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀληθείην","lemma":"ἀλήθεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποείποι","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"ἀποείποι","lemma":"ἀπεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"report"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b23-l362","source":"οἳ δʼ ἅμα πάντες ἐφʼ ἵπποιιν μάστιγας ἄειραν,","translation":"All together they raised their whips over the horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄειραν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄειραν","gloss":"all together"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἵπποιιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"μάστιγας","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄειραν","gloss":"whips"},{"surface":"ἄειραν","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b23-l363","source":"πέπληγόν θʼ ἱμᾶσιν, ὁμόκλησάν τʼ ἐπέεσσιν","translation":"struck them with the reins, and shouted words","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέπληγόν","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱμᾶσιν","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέπληγόν","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"ὁμόκλησάν","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted to"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμόκλησάν","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b23-l364","source":"ἐσσυμένως· οἳ δʼ ὦκα διέπρησσον πεδίοιο","translation":"urgently; swiftly they covered the plain","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσσυμένως","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμόκλησάν","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διέπρησσον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέπρησσον","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"διέπρησσον","lemma":"διαπράσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διέπρησσον","gloss":"the plain"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b23-l365","source":"νόσφι νεῶν ταχέως· ὑπὸ δὲ στέρνοισι κονίη","translation":"away from the ships, and beneath their chests the dust","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νόσφι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ταχέως","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέπρησσον","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στέρνοισι","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"chests"},{"surface":"κονίη","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵστατ̓","gloss":"dust"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b23-l366","source":"ἵστατʼ ἀειρομένη ὥς τε νέφος ἠὲ θύελλα,","translation":"rose and stood like a cloud or a whirlwind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l366.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὥς τε νέφος ἠὲ θύελλα","title":"Two-part comparison","body":"ὥς introduces the comparison and ἠέ offers its second image: the lifted dust is like either a cloud or a whirlwind. Both images make the racers vanish into moving air."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἵστατ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"ἀειρομένη","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἵστατ̓","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"θύελλα","lemma":"θύελλα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"storm wind"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b23-l367","source":"χαῖται δʼ ἐρρώοντο μετὰ πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο.","translation":"and the manes streamed in the breaths of wind.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖται","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐρρώοντο","gloss":"manes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρρώοντο","lemma":"ῥώομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"streamed"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πνοιῇς","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"gusts"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πνοιῇς","gloss":"of wind"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b23-l368","source":"ἅρματα δʼ ἄλλοτε μὲν χθονὶ πίλνατο πουλυβοτείρῃ,","translation":"The chariots now drew near the earth that feeds many,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πίλνατο","gloss":"the chariots"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πίλνατο","gloss":"at one moment"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πίλνατο","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"πίλνατο","lemma":"πιλνάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew near"},{"surface":"πουλυβοτείρῃ","lemma":"πολυβότειρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθονὶ","gloss":"all-nurturing"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b23-l369","source":"ἄλλοτε δʼ ἀΐξασκε μετήορα· τοὶ δʼ ἐλατῆρες","translation":"now leapt high into the air; the drivers","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀΐξασκε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀΐξασκε","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"μετήορα","lemma":"μετήορος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΐξασκε","gloss":"suspended aloft"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἐλατῆρες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλατῆρες","lemma":"ἐλατήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"drivers"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b23-l370","source":"ἕστασαν ἐν δίφροισι, πάτασσε δὲ θυμὸς ἑκάστου","translation":"stood in their chariots, and each man's heart pounded","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δίφροισι","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"πάτασσε","lemma":"πατάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pounded"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πάτασσε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"of each man"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b23-l371","source":"νίκης ἱεμένων· κέκλοντο δὲ οἷσιν ἕκαστος","translation":"in his longing for victory; each called to his own","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίκης","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱεμένων","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"ἱεμένων","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"κέκλοντο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποις","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b23-l372","source":"ἵπποις, οἳ δʼ ἐπέτοντο κονίοντες πεδίοιο.","translation":"horses, and they flew in dust across the plain.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποις","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέκλοντο","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέτοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέτοντο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"κονίοντες","lemma":"κονίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτοντο","gloss":"raising dust"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέτοντο","gloss":"across the plain"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b23-l373","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πύματον τέλεον δρόμον ὠκέες ἵπποι","translation":"But when the swift horses were completing the last stretch","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέλεον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"πύματον","lemma":"πύματος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δρόμον","gloss":"the last"},{"surface":"τέλεον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τότε","gloss":"were completing"},{"surface":"δρόμον","lemma":"δρόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέλεον","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"ὠκέες","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τέλεον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b23-l374","source":"ἂψ ἐφʼ ἁλὸς πολιῆς, τότε δὴ ἀρετή γε ἑκάστου","translation":"back toward the gray sea, then each team's excellence","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέλεον","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"πολιῆς","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀρετή","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φαίνετ̓","gloss":"excellence"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετή","gloss":"of each"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b23-l375","source":"φαίνετʼ, ἄφαρ δʼ ἵπποισι τάθη δρόμος· ὦκα δʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"showed, and at once the race drew taut for the horses. Swiftly then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φαίνετ","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάθη","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποισι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τάθη","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τάθη","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew taut"},{"surface":"δρόμος","lemma":"δρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τάθη","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκφερον","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκφερον","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b23-l376","source":"αἳ Φηρητιάδαο ποδώκεες ἔκφερον ἵπποι.","translation":"the fleet mares of Pheres' grandson surged ahead.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Φηρητιάδαο","lemma":"Φηρητιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"Pheres' grandson"},{"surface":"ποδώκεες","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"ἔκφερον","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surged ahead"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔκφερον","gloss":"mares"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b23-l377","source":"τὰς δὲ μετʼ ἐξέφερον Διομήδεος ἄρσενες ἵπποι","translation":"After them came the stallions of Diomedes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἐξέφερον","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came behind"},{"surface":"Διομήδεος","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"of Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἄρσενες","lemma":"ἄρσην","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"male"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέφερον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b23-l378","source":"Τρώϊοι, οὐδέ τι πολλὸν ἄνευθʼ ἔσαν, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐγγύς·","translation":"the Trojan horses, not far behind but very close;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώϊοι","lemma":"Τρώιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄνευθ̓","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄνευθ","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐγγύς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"near"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b23-l379","source":"αἰεὶ γὰρ δίφρου ἐπιβησομένοισιν ἐΐκτην,","translation":"for they always seemed about to mount the chariot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐΐκτην","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβησομένοισιν","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἐπιβησομένοισιν","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"future middle participle, dative plural masculine","role":"object of ἐΐκτην","gloss":"about to mount"},{"surface":"ἐΐκτην","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b23-l380","source":"πνοιῇ δʼ Εὐμήλοιο μετάφρενον εὐρέε τʼ ὤμω","translation":"and with their breath they warmed Eumelus' back and broad shoulders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πνοιῇ","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέρμετ̓","gloss":"with their breath"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐμήλοιο","lemma":"Εὔμηλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"Eumelus'"},{"surface":"μετάφρενον","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"εὐρέε","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὤμω","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμω","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b23-l381","source":"θέρμετʼ· ἐπʼ αὐτῷ γὰρ κεφαλὰς καταθέντε πετέσθην.","translation":"for they laid their heads above him as they flew.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θέρμετ","lemma":"θέρμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warmed"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεφαλὰς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καταθέντε","gloss":"their heads"},{"surface":"καταθέντε","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to πετέσθην","gloss":"lowering"},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b23-l382","source":"καί νύ κεν ἢ παρέλασσʼ ἢ ἀμφήριστον ἔθηκεν,","translation":"And now he would have passed or made the race a dead heat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"παρέλασσ","lemma":"παρελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have passed"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀμφήριστον","lemma":"ἀμφήριστος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"complement of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"dead heat"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b23-l383","source":"εἰ μὴ Τυδέος υἷϊ κοτέσσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"had not Phoebus Apollo grown angry at Tydeus' son","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷϊ","gloss":"Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἷϊ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κοτέσσατο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"κοτέσσατο","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κοτέσσατο","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b23-l384","source":"ὅς ῥά οἱ ἐκ χειρῶν ἔβαλεν μάστιγα φαεινήν.","translation":"and struck the shining whip from his hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαλεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔβαλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"μάστιγα","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλεν","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"φαεινήν","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάστιγα","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b23-l385","source":"τοῖο δʼ ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν χύτο δάκρυα χωομένοιο,","translation":"Tears poured from his eyes in anger,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμῶν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῶν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"χύτο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of χύτο","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χωομένοιο","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in his anger"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b23-l386","source":"οὕνεκα τὰς μὲν ὅρα ἔτι καὶ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἰούσας,","translation":"because he saw the mares running faster still,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὅρα","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ὅρα","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μᾶλλον","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰούσας","gloss":"faster"},{"surface":"ἰούσας","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"running"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b23-l387","source":"οἳ δέ οἱ ἐβλάφθησαν ἄνευ κέντροιο θέοντες.","translation":"while his own horses were hindered, racing without the goad.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐβλάφθησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐβλάφθησαν","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"were hindered"},{"surface":"ἄνευ","lemma":"ἄνευ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"κέντροιο","lemma":"κέντρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄνευ","gloss":"goad"},{"surface":"θέοντες","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐβλάφθησαν","gloss":"running"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b23-l388","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθηναίην ἐλεφηράμενος λάθʼ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"But Apollo did not escape Athena's notice in his deceit","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λάθ̓","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"ἐλεφηράμενος","lemma":"ἐλεφαίρομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάθ̓","gloss":"deceiving"},{"surface":"λάθ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice of"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάθ̓","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b23-l389","source":"Τυδεΐδην, μάλα δʼ ὦκα μετέσσυτο ποιμένα λαῶν,","translation":"against Tydeus' son; swiftly she rushed after the shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδην","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλεφηράμενος","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέσσυτο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"μετέσσυτο","lemma":"μετασεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed after"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετέσσυτο","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b23-l390","source":"δῶκε δέ οἱ μάστιγα, μένος δʼ ἵπποισιν ἐνῆκεν·","translation":"gave him the whip, and put strength into his horses.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μάστιγα","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνῆκεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποισιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνῆκεν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐνῆκεν","lemma":"ἐνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b23-l391","source":"ἣ δὲ μετʼ Ἀδμήτου υἱὸν κοτέουσʼ ἐβεβήκει,","translation":"Then in anger she went after the son of Admetus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐβεβήκει","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἀδμήτου","lemma":"Ἄδμητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Admetus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"κοτέουσ","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐβεβήκει","gloss":"in anger"},{"surface":"ἐβεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b23-l392","source":"ἵππειον δέ οἱ ἦξε θεὰ ζυγόν· αἳ δέ οἱ ἵπποι","translation":"and the goddess broke his horses' yoke; his mares","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππειον","lemma":"ἵππειος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ζυγόν","gloss":"horses'"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ζυγόν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἦξε","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦξε","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"ζυγόν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἦξε","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δραμέτην","gloss":"mares"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b23-l393","source":"ἀμφὶς ὁδοῦ δραμέτην, ῥυμὸς δʼ ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἐλύσθη.","translation":"ran apart on either side of the road, and the pole fell to the ground.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on either side"},{"surface":"ὁδοῦ","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶς","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"δραμέτην","lemma":"τρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"ῥυμὸς","lemma":"ῥυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλύσθη","gloss":"pole"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἐλύσθη","lemma":"ἐλύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b23-l394","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἐκ δίφροιο παρὰ τροχὸν ἐξεκυλίσθη,","translation":"but he rolled from the chariot beside the wheel","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δίφροιο","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τροχὸν","lemma":"τροχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the wheel"},{"surface":"ἐξεκυλίσθη","lemma":"ἐκκυλίνδω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rolled out"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b23-l395","source":"ἀγκῶνάς τε περιδρύφθη στόμα τε ῥῖνάς τε,","translation":"and scraped his elbows, mouth, and nostrils;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγκῶνάς","lemma":"ἀγκών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"elbows"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περιδρύφθη","lemma":"περιδρύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scraped"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥῖνάς","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"nostrils"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b23-l396","source":"θρυλίχθη δὲ μέτωπον ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι· τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε","translation":"his forehead was bruised above the brows; and his two eyes","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θρυλίχθη","lemma":"θρυλίσσω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bruised"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέτωπον","lemma":"μέτωπον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of θρυλίχθη","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσι","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπ̓","gloss":"brows"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter article","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of πλῆσθεν","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b23-l397","source":"δακρυόφι πλῆσθεν, θαλερὴ δέ οἱ ἔσχετο φωνή.","translation":"filled with tears, and his strong voice was checked.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δακρυόφι","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of πλῆσθεν","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"πλῆσθεν","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were filled"},{"surface":"θαλερὴ","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φωνή","gloss":"vigorous"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φωνή","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔσχετο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was checked"},{"surface":"φωνή","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσχετο","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b23-l398","source":"Τυδεΐδης δὲ παρατρέψας ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους,","translation":"But the son of Tydeus turned aside and held his single-hoofed horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"παρατρέψας","lemma":"παρατρέπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"turned aside"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b23-l399","source":"πολλὸν τῶν ἄλλων ἐξάλμενος· ἐν γὰρ Ἀθήνη","translation":"leaping far ahead of the others; for Athena","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐξάλμενος","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐξάλμενος","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἐξάλμενος","lemma":"ἐξάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"leaping ahead"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b23-l400","source":"ἵπποις ἧκε μένος καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ κῦδος ἔθηκε.","translation":"put strength into his horses and laid glory upon the man himself.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποις","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"laid"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b23-l401","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εἶχε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος.","translation":"After him came the son of Atreus, golden-haired Menelaus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"after him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"εἶχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶχε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b23-l402","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο πατρὸς ἑοῖο·","translation":"Antilochus called out to his father's horses:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποισιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποισιν","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"ἑοῖο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b23-l403","source":"ἔμβητον καὶ σφῶϊ· τιταίνετον ὅττι τάχιστα.","translation":"\"Press on, you two, and strain with all your speed.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l403.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔμβητον καὶ σφῶϊ","title":"Commands to two horses","body":"ἔμβητον is a dual imperative and σφῶϊ a dual pronoun: Antilochus addresses exactly the paired horses. English \"you two\" makes the number explicit."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμβητον","lemma":"ἐμβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"press on"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σφῶϊ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"vocative dual masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"τιταίνετον","lemma":"τιταίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strain"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τιταίνετον","gloss":"with all speed"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b23-l404","source":"ἤτοι μὲν κείνοισιν ἐριζέμεν οὔ τι κελεύω","translation":"I do not command you to contend with those horses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κείνοισιν","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποισι","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"ἐριζέμεν","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κελεύω","gloss":"to contend"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κελεύω","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κελεύω","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b23-l405","source":"Τυδεΐδεω ἵπποισι δαΐφρονος, οἷσιν Ἀθήνη","translation":"the horses of warlike Tydeus' son, to whom Athena","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδεω","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποισι","gloss":"of Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"ἵπποισι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐριζέμεν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδεΐδεω","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὤρεξε","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b23-l406","source":"νῦν ὤρεξε τάχος καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ κῦδος ἔθηκεν·","translation":"has now granted speed and laid glory upon their driver.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὤρεξε","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"has granted"},{"surface":"τάχος","lemma":"τάχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὤρεξε","gloss":"speed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"has laid"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b23-l407","source":"ἵππους δʼ Ἀτρεΐδαο κιχάνετε, μὴ δὲ λίπησθον,","translation":"But catch the horses of Atreus' son, and do not be left behind,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κιχάνετε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"of Atreus' son"},{"surface":"κιχάνετε","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"catch"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίπησθον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be left behind"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b23-l408","source":"καρπαλίμως, μὴ σφῶϊν ἐλεγχείην καταχεύῃ","translation":"quickly, lest Aethe pour shame over you both,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of καταχεύῃ","gloss":"you both"},{"surface":"ἐλεγχείην","lemma":"ἐλεγχείη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καταχεύῃ","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"καταχεύῃ","lemma":"καταχεύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"pour"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b23-l409","source":"Αἴθη θῆλυς ἐοῦσα· τί ἢ λείπεσθε φέριστοι;","translation":"though she is a mare. Why are you falling behind, my fine pair?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴθη","lemma":"Αἴθη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καταχεύῃ","gloss":"Aethe"},{"surface":"θῆλυς","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a mare"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies Αἴθη","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to λείπεσθε","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"λείπεσθε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"falling behind"},{"surface":"φέριστοι","lemma":"φέριστος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"my fine pair"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b23-l410","source":"ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, καὶ μὴν τετελεσμένον ἔσται·","translation":"For this I tell you, and it shall surely be fulfilled:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l410.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τετελεσμένον ἔσται","title":"Future perfect threat","body":"The future of εἰμί with the perfect participle τετελεσμένον forms a future perfect: Antilochus' warning \"shall have been fulfilled\" if the horses fail him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέω","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐξερέω","lemma":"ἐξερέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μὴν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fulfilled"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b23-l411","source":"οὐ σφῶϊν κομιδὴ παρὰ Νέστορι ποιμένι λαῶν","translation":"you shall have no care from Nestor, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσσεται","gloss":"for you two"},{"surface":"κομιδὴ","lemma":"κομιδή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Νέστορι","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορι","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b23-l412","source":"ἔσσεται, αὐτίκα δʼ ὔμμε κατακτενεῖ ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"but at once he will kill you with sharp bronze","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατακτενεῖ","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὔμμε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατακτενεῖ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κατακτενεῖ","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will kill"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατακτενεῖ","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b23-l413","source":"αἴ κʼ ἀποκηδήσαντε φερώμεθα χεῖρον ἄεθλον.","translation":"if through your heedlessness we carry off a poorer prize.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l413.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἴ κʼ ἀποκηδήσαντε φερώμεθα","title":"Prospective condition","body":"αἴ κε takes the subjunctive φερώμεθα for a possible future outcome. The dual participle ἀποκηδήσαντε assigns the imagined heedlessness to both horses."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ἀποκηδήσαντε","lemma":"ἀποκηδέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to φερώμεθα","gloss":"being careless"},{"surface":"φερώμεθα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"carry off"},{"surface":"χεῖρον","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"poorer"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φερώμεθα","gloss":"prize"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b23-l414","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐφομαρτεῖτον καὶ σπεύδετον ὅττι τάχιστα·","translation":"Come, follow close and hurry with all your speed;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἐφομαρτεῖτον","lemma":"ἐφομαρτέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow close"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπεύδετον","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurry"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to σπεύδετον","gloss":"with all speed"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b23-l415","source":"ταῦτα δʼ ἐγὼν αὐτὸς τεχνήσομαι ἠδὲ νοήσω","translation":"and I myself shall devise and plan this:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"τεχνήσομαι","lemma":"τεχνάομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devise"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νοήσω","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plan"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b23-l416","source":"στεινωπῷ ἐν ὁδῷ παραδύμεναι, οὐδέ με λήσει.","translation":"to slip past him where the road is narrow, and I shall not miss it.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στεινωπῷ","lemma":"στενωπός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδῷ","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ὁδῷ","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"παραδύμεναι","lemma":"παραδύομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"slip past"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λήσει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"λήσει","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will escape me"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b23-l417","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ ἄνακτος ὑποδείσαντες ὁμοκλὴν","translation":"So he spoke, and they, fearing their lord's rebuke,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιδραμέτην","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὁμοκλὴν","gloss":"their lord's"},{"surface":"ὑποδείσαντες","lemma":"ὑποδείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπιδραμέτην","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλὴν","lemma":"ὁμοκλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑποδείσαντες","gloss":"rebuke"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b23-l418","source":"μᾶλλον ἐπιδραμέτην ὀλίγον χρόνον· αἶψα δʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"ran harder for a little while; and soon thereafter","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιδραμέτην","gloss":"harder"},{"surface":"ἐπιδραμέτην","lemma":"ἐπιτρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran on"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιδραμέτην","gloss":"a little while"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"thereafter"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b23-l419","source":"στεῖνος ὁδοῦ κοίλης ἴδεν Ἀντίλοχος μενεχάρμης.","translation":"Antilochus, steadfast in battle, saw a narrowing of the road.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l419.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μενεχάρμης","title":"Steadfast in battle","body":"μενεχάρμης combines the idea of standing fast with χάρμη, \"battle.\" Applied during the race, the martial epithet colors Antilochus' daring maneuver as a kind of combat."}],"words":[{"surface":"στεῖνος","lemma":"στεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἴδεν","gloss":"narrow ground"},{"surface":"ὁδοῦ","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies στεῖνος","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"κοίλης","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδοῦ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδεν","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"μενεχάρμης","lemma":"μενεχάρμης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχος","gloss":"steadfast in battle"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b23-l420","source":"ῥωχμὸς ἔην γαίης, ᾗ χειμέριον ἀλὲν ὕδωρ","translation":"There was a cleft in the earth where winter water, pent up,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l420.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χειμέριον ἀλὲν ὕδωρ","title":"Pent-up winter water","body":"χειμέριον marks water from winter storms, and ἀλέν describes it gathered or confined. Its force has burst the road and created the dangerous narrow passage."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥωχμὸς","lemma":"ῥωχμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"cleft"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ῥωχμὸς","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"χειμέριον","lemma":"χειμέριος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"ἀλὲν","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"penned in"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐξέρρηξεν","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b23-l421","source":"ἐξέρρηξεν ὁδοῖο, βάθυνε δὲ χῶρον ἅπαντα·","translation":"had broken through the road and hollowed the whole place.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέρρηξεν","lemma":"ἐκρήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"broke through"},{"surface":"ὁδοῖο","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξέρρηξεν","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"βάθυνε","lemma":"βαθύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"hollowed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χῶρον","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάθυνε","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χῶρον","gloss":"whole"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b23-l422","source":"τῇ ῥʼ εἶχεν Μενέλαος ἁματροχιὰς ἀλεείνων.","translation":"Menelaus held his course there, avoiding a clash of wheels.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l422.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἁματροχιὰς","title":"Wheel meeting wheel","body":"ἁματροχιά denotes chariots running wheel against wheel or in the same wheel track. Menelaus approaches the bottleneck cautiously to prevent a collision."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶχεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶχεν","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἁματροχιὰς","lemma":"ἁματροχιά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνων","gloss":"clash of wheels"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνων","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶχεν","gloss":"avoiding"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b23-l423","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δὲ παρατρέψας ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους","translation":"But Antilochus turned aside and held his single-hoofed horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"παρατρέψας","lemma":"παρατρέπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"turned aside"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b23-l424","source":"ἐκτὸς ὁδοῦ, ὀλίγον δὲ παρακλίνας ἐδίωκεν.","translation":"off the road, driving a little to one side.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"ὁδοῦ","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκτὸς","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to παρακλίνας","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρακλίνας","lemma":"παρακλίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδίωκεν","gloss":"turning aside"},{"surface":"ἐδίωκεν","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b23-l425","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἔδεισε καὶ Ἀντιλόχῳ ἐγεγώνει·","translation":"The son of Atreus grew afraid and shouted to Antilochus:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδεισε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew afraid"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχῳ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγεγώνει","gloss":"to Antilochus"},{"surface":"ἐγεγώνει","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he cried out"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b23-l426","source":"Ἀντίλοχʼ ἀφραδέως ἱππάζεαι, ἀλλʼ ἄνεχʼ ἵππους·","translation":"\"Antilochus, you are driving recklessly; hold in your horses!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l426.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄνεχʼ ἵππους","title":"A sharp imperative","body":"ἄνεχε is a present imperative telling Antilochus to check and keep holding his horses back. Menelaus' clipped command matches the immediate danger."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"ἀφραδέως","lemma":"ἀφραδής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱππάζεαι","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"ἱππάζεαι","lemma":"ἱππάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are driving"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄνεχ","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold in"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄνεχ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b23-l427","source":"στεινωπὸς γὰρ ὁδός, τάχα δʼ εὐρυτέρη παρελάσσαι·","translation":"The road is narrow; soon it will be wider for passing.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στεινωπὸς","lemma":"στενωπός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὁδός","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐρυτέρη","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wider"},{"surface":"παρελάσσαι","lemma":"παρελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to pass"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b23-l428","source":"μή πως ἀμφοτέρους δηλήσεαι ἅρματι κύρσας.","translation":"Take care you do not strike my chariot and injure us both.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l428.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μή πως ἀμφοτέρους δηλήσεαι","title":"Fear with the future","body":"μή πως introduces the feared outcome and the future δηλήσεαι looks ahead to the harm Antilochus may cause. ἀμφοτέρους stresses that a collision would injure both drivers."}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to δηλήσεαι","gloss":"by some chance"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρους","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δηλήσεαι","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δηλήσεαι","lemma":"δηλέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"injure us"},{"surface":"ἅρματι","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κύρσας","gloss":"with your chariot"},{"surface":"κύρσας","lemma":"κυρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δηλήσεαι","gloss":"striking"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b23-l429","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἔτι καὶ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἔλαυνε","translation":"So he spoke, but Antilochus drove still harder,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαυνε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μᾶλλον","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλαυνε","gloss":"harder"},{"surface":"ἔλαυνε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b23-l430","source":"κέντρῳ ἐπισπέρχων ὡς οὐκ ἀΐοντι ἐοικώς.","translation":"urging them with the goad as though he had not heard.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέντρῳ","lemma":"κέντρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπισπέρχων","gloss":"with the goad"},{"surface":"ἐπισπέρχων","lemma":"ἐπισπέρχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλαυνε","gloss":"urging on"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐοικώς","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀΐοντι","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"object of ἐοικώς","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"ἐοικώς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλαυνε","gloss":"seeming"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b23-l431","source":"ὅσσα δὲ δίσκου οὖρα κατωμαδίοιο πέλονται,","translation":"As far as the cast of a discus swung from the shoulder,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δίσκου","lemma":"δίσκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οὖρα","gloss":"of a discus"},{"surface":"οὖρα","lemma":"οὖρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πέλονται","gloss":"range"},{"surface":"κατωμαδίοιο","lemma":"κατωμάδιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίσκου","gloss":"from the shoulder"},{"surface":"πέλονται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τόσσον","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b23-l432","source":"ὅν τʼ αἰζηὸς ἀφῆκεν ἀνὴρ πειρώμενος ἥβης,","translation":"thrown by a young man testing his strength,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφῆκεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"typically"},{"surface":"αἰζηὸς","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ἀφῆκεν","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δίσκου","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφῆκεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"πειρώμενος","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀφῆκεν","gloss":"testing"},{"surface":"ἥβης","lemma":"ἥβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πειρώμενος","gloss":"his strength"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b23-l433","source":"τόσσον ἐπιδραμέτην· αἳ δʼ ἠρώησαν ὀπίσσω","translation":"so far the pair ran on; then the mares of Atreus' son","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπιδραμέτην","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"ἐπιδραμέτην","lemma":"ἐπιτρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran on"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠρώησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠρώησαν","lemma":"ἐρωέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell back"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἠρώησαν","gloss":"backward"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b23-l434","source":"Ἀτρεΐδεω· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἑκὼν μεθέηκεν ἐλαύνειν","translation":"fell back, for he willingly eased his driving,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδεω","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἳ","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἑκὼν","lemma":"ἑκών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"μεθέηκεν","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let up"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνειν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μεθέηκεν","gloss":"his driving"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b23-l435","source":"μή πως συγκύρσειαν ὁδῷ ἔνι μώνυχες ἵπποι,","translation":"lest the single-hoofed horses collide upon the road,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to συγκύρσειαν","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"συγκύρσειαν","lemma":"συγκυρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"collide"},{"surface":"ὁδῷ","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"μώνυχες","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of συγκύρσειαν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b23-l436","source":"δίφρους τʼ ἀνστρέψειαν ἐϋπλεκέας, κατὰ δʼ αὐτοὶ","translation":"overturn the well-woven chariots, and themselves","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίφρους","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνστρέψειαν","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνστρέψειαν","lemma":"ἀναστρέφω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"overturn"},{"surface":"ἐϋπλεκέας","lemma":"ἐυπλεκής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρους","gloss":"finely woven"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b23-l437","source":"ἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ἐπειγόμενοι περὶ νίκης.","translation":"fall in the dust as they pressed in pursuit of victory.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"πέσοιεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενοι","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσοιεν","gloss":"pressing on"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νίκης","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b23-l438","source":"τὸν καὶ νεικείων προσέφη ξανθὸς Μενέλαος·","translation":"Golden-haired Menelaus rebuked him as he spoke:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l438.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ξανθὸς Μενέλαος","title":"Golden-haired Menelaus","body":"ξανθός is Menelaus' standing color epithet, describing fair or golden hair. It remains attached to him even in this angry protest."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεικείων","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"rebuking"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b23-l439","source":"Ἀντίλοχʼ οὔ τις σεῖο βροτῶν ὀλοώτερος ἄλλος·","translation":"\"Antilochus, no other mortal is more destructive than you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀλοώτερος","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"among mortals"},{"surface":"ὀλοώτερος","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more destructive"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b23-l440","source":"ἔρρʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ σʼ ἔτυμόν γε φάμεν πεπνῦσθαι Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"Go to ruin! We Achaeans were wrong to call you prudent.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρρ","lemma":"ἔρρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begone"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πεπνῦσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔτυμόν","lemma":"ἔτυμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φάμεν","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φάμεν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"we thought"},{"surface":"πεπνῦσθαι","lemma":"πνέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φάμεν","gloss":"to be prudent"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φάμεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b23-l441","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐ μὰν οὐδʼ ὧς ἄτερ ὅρκου οἴσῃ ἄεθλον.","translation":"Yet even so, you shall not carry the prize without an oath.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἴσῃ","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"ἄτερ","lemma":"ἄτερ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"ὅρκου","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄτερ","gloss":"oath"},{"surface":"οἴσῃ","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οἴσῃ","gloss":"prize"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b23-l442","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"So speaking, he called aloud and cried to his horses:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἵπποισιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b23-l443","source":"μή μοι ἐρύκεσθον μὴ δʼ ἕστατον ἀχνυμένω κῆρ.","translation":"\"Do not hold back or stand grieving at heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐρύκεσθον","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἐρύκεσθον","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕστατον","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἀχνυμένω","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστατον","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀχνυμένω","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b23-l444","source":"φθήσονται τούτοισι πόδες καὶ γοῦνα καμόντα","translation":"The feet and knees of those horses will grow weary","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθήσονται","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will sooner"},{"surface":"τούτοισι","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to φθήσονται","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γοῦνα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"καμόντα","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to φθήσονται","gloss":"grow weary"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b23-l445","source":"ἢ ὑμῖν· ἄμφω γὰρ ἀτέμβονται νεότητος.","translation":"before yours; for both are bereft of youth.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"yours"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀτέμβονται","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀτέμβονται","lemma":"ἀτέμβω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are deprived"},{"surface":"νεότητος","lemma":"νεότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀτέμβονται","gloss":"youth"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b23-l446","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ ἄνακτος ὑποδείσαντες ὁμοκλὴν","translation":"So he spoke, and they, fearing their lord's rebuke,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιδραμέτην","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὁμοκλὴν","gloss":"their lord's"},{"surface":"ὑποδείσαντες","lemma":"ὑποδείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπιδραμέτην","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλὴν","lemma":"ὁμοκλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑποδείσαντες","gloss":"rebuke"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b23-l447","source":"μᾶλλον ἐπιδραμέτην, τάχα δέ σφισιν ἄγχι γένοντο.","translation":"ran harder, and soon drew close to them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιδραμέτην","gloss":"harder"},{"surface":"ἐπιδραμέτην","lemma":"ἐπιτρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran after"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοντο","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew near"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b23-l448","source":"Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι καθήμενοι εἰσορόωντο","translation":"The Argives sitting in the assembly watched","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσορόωντο","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"καθήμενοι","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰσορόωντο","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντο","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"watched"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b23-l449","source":"ἵππους· τοὶ δὲ πέτοντο κονίοντες πεδίοιο.","translation":"the horses as they flew in dust across the plain.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσορόωντο","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέτοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέτοντο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they flew"},{"surface":"κονίοντες","lemma":"κονίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πέτοντο","gloss":"caked in dust"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πέτοντο","gloss":"across the plain"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b23-l450","source":"πρῶτος δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἐφράσαθʼ ἵππους·","translation":"Idomeneus, leader of the Cretans, first made out the horses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφράσαθ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"Κρητῶν","lemma":"Κρής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"of the Cretans"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰδομενεὺς","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἐφράσαθ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφράσαθ̓","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b23-l451","source":"ἧστο γὰρ ἐκτὸς ἀγῶνος ὑπέρτατος ἐν περιωπῇ·","translation":"for he sat outside the assembly, highest at the lookout.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧστο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sat"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνος","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκτὸς","gloss":"the gathering"},{"surface":"ὑπέρτατος","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"περιωπῇ","lemma":"περιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"a vantage point"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b23-l452","source":"τοῖο δʼ ἄνευθεν ἐόντος ὁμοκλητῆρος ἀκούσας","translation":"Though the shouter was far away, he heard him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies ὁμοκλητῆρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνευθεν","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντος","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλητῆρος","lemma":"ὁμοκλητήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσας","gloss":"the shouter"},{"surface":"ἀκούσας","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔγνω","gloss":"he heard"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b23-l453","source":"ἔγνω, φράσσατο δʼ ἵππον ἀριπρεπέα προὔχοντα,","translation":"and knew him; he made out the conspicuous leading horse,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"φράσσατο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φράσσατο","gloss":"the horse"},{"surface":"ἀριπρεπέα","lemma":"ἀριπρεπής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"preeminent"},{"surface":"προὔχοντα","lemma":"προέχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"leading"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b23-l454","source":"ὃς τὸ μὲν ἄλλο τόσον φοῖνιξ ἦν, ἐν δὲ μετώπῳ","translation":"chestnut over all the rest, but on its forehead","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l454.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φοῖνιξ","title":"A chestnut horse","body":"φοῖνιξ names a deep reddish or chestnut color. The horse's dark red body makes the white circular blaze on its forehead especially visible at a distance."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄλλο","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄλλο","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"φοῖνιξ","lemma":"φοῖνιξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"chestnut"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μετώπῳ","lemma":"μέτωπον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"his forehead"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b23-l455","source":"λευκὸν σῆμα τέτυκτο περίτροχον ἠΰτε μήνη.","translation":"was a round white mark, like the moon.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λευκὸν","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τέτυκτο","gloss":"mark"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"had been formed"},{"surface":"περίτροχον","lemma":"περίτροχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"μήνη","lemma":"μήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"moon"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b23-l456","source":"στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"He stood upright and spoke a word among the Argives:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρθὸς","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b23-l457","source":"ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες","translation":"Friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"rulers"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b23-l458","source":"οἶος ἐγὼν ἵππους αὐγάζομαι ἦε καὶ ὑμεῖς;","translation":"Am I alone making out the horses, or do you see them too?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of αὐγάζομαι","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of αὐγάζομαι","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"αὐγάζομαι","lemma":"αὐγάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make out"},{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you too"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b23-l459","source":"ἄλλοι μοι δοκέουσι παροίτεροι ἔμμεναι ἵπποι,","translation":"They seem to me to be different horses in front,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοκέουσι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δοκέουσι","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they seem"},{"surface":"παροίτεροι","lemma":"παροίτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέουσι","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δοκέουσι","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b23-l460","source":"ἄλλος δʼ ἡνίοχος ἰνδάλλεται· αἳ δέ που αὐτοῦ","translation":"and another driver appears; the mares must somewhere","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡνίοχος","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχος","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰνδάλλεται","gloss":"driver"},{"surface":"ἰνδάλλεται","lemma":"ἰνδάλλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appears"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβλαβεν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβλαβεν","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b23-l461","source":"ἔβλαβεν ἐν πεδίῳ, αἳ κεῖσέ γε φέρτεραι ἦσαν·","translation":"have come to grief on the plain, though they were stronger on the way out.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔβλαβεν","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came to grief"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"on the plain"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"κεῖσέ","lemma":"κεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φέρτεραι","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αἳ","gloss":"they were"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b23-l462","source":"ἤτοι γὰρ τὰς πρῶτα ἴδον περὶ τέρμα βαλούσας,","translation":"For I saw them first as they rounded the turning post,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for my part"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βαλούσας","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τέρμα","lemma":"τέρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"the turning post"},{"surface":"βαλούσας","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rounding"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b23-l463","source":"νῦν δʼ οὔ πῃ δύναμαι ἰδέειν· πάντῃ δέ μοι ὄσσε","translation":"but now I cannot see them anywhere, though my two eyes","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύναμαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἰδέειν","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I can"},{"surface":"ἰδέειν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παπταίνετον","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of παπταίνετον","gloss":"two eyes"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b23-l464","source":"Τρωϊκὸν ἂμ πεδίον παπταίνετον εἰσορόωντι·","translation":"range over all the Trojan plain as I look.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l464.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"παπταίνετον","title":"Two eyes in the dual","body":"παπταίνετον is a dual verb whose subject, the two eyes, stands on the preceding line. Idomeneus' eyes range together over the plain, emphasizing the eyesight Ajax is about to contest."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωϊκὸν","lemma":"Τρωικός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἂμ","gloss":"over the plain"},{"surface":"παπταίνετον","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they scan"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντι","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as I look"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b23-l465","source":"ἦε τὸν ἡνίοχον φύγον ἡνία, οὐδὲ δυνάσθη","translation":"Perhaps the reins escaped the driver, and he could not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἡνίοχον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχον","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φύγον","gloss":"driver"},{"surface":"φύγον","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of φύγον","gloss":"the reins"},{"surface":"δυνάσθη","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was able"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b23-l466","source":"εὖ σχεθέειν περὶ τέρμα καὶ οὐκ ἐτύχησεν ἑλίξας·","translation":"hold them well around the post and failed in making the turn.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχεθέειν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"σχεθέειν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δυνάσθη","gloss":"to hold"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τέρμα","lemma":"τέρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"the turning post"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐτύχησεν","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"succeeded"},{"surface":"ἑλίξας","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχησεν","gloss":"in turning"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b23-l467","source":"ἔνθά μιν ἐκπεσέειν ὀΐω σύν θʼ ἅρματα ἆξαι,","translation":"I think he was thrown out there and his chariot smashed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐκπεσέειν","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"to fall out"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"σύν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἆξαι","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἆξαι","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"to break apart"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b23-l468","source":"αἳ δʼ ἐξηρώησαν, ἐπεὶ μένος ἔλλαβε θυμόν.","translation":"while the mares bolted when fury seized their hearts.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξηρώησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξηρώησαν","lemma":"ἐξερωέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bolted"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλλαβε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"the fury"},{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐξηρώησαν","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"their hearts"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b23-l469","source":"ἀλλὰ ἴδεσθε καὶ ὔμμες ἀνασταδόν· οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγε","translation":"Come, stand up and look yourselves, for I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴδεσθε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὔμμες","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδεσθε","gloss":"you yourselves"},{"surface":"ἀνασταδόν","lemma":"ἀνασταδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδεσθε","gloss":"standing up"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διαγιγνώσκω","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b23-l470","source":"εὖ διαγιγνώσκω· δοκέει δέ μοι ἔμμεναι ἀνὴρ","translation":"cannot make him out well; yet the man seems to me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαγιγνώσκω","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"διαγιγνώσκω","lemma":"διαγιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"distinguish"},{"surface":"δοκέει","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δοκέει","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b23-l471","source":"Αἰτωλὸς γενεήν, μετὰ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάσσει","translation":"Aetolian by birth, and he rules among the Argives—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰτωλὸς","lemma":"Αἰτωλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Aetolian"},{"surface":"γενεήν","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"by birth"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσει","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rules"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b23-l472","source":"Τυδέος ἱπποδάμου υἱὸς κρατερὸς Διομήδης.","translation":"mighty Diomedes, son of horse-taming Tydeus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμου","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδέος","gloss":"horse-taming"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνάσσει","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b23-l473","source":"τὸν δʼ αἰσχρῶς ἐνένιπεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας·","translation":"Then swift Ajax, son of Oileus, rebuked him shamefully:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνένιπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰσχρῶς","lemma":"αἰσχρός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνένιπεν","gloss":"shamefully"},{"surface":"ἐνένιπεν","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Oileus"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνένιπεν","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b23-l474","source":"Ἰδομενεῦ τί πάρος λαβρεύεαι; αἳ δέ τʼ ἄνευθεν","translation":"\"Idomeneus, why do you babble before there is need? Far off","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεῦ","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to λαβρεύεαι","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαβρεύεαι","gloss":"too soon"},{"surface":"λαβρεύεαι","lemma":"λαβρεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"babble"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνευθεν","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δίενται","gloss":"far away"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b23-l475","source":"ἵπποι ἀερσίποδες πολέος πεδίοιο δίενται.","translation":"the high-stepping horses still race over the broad plain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δίενται","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"ἀερσίποδες","lemma":"ἀερσίπους","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"high-stepping"},{"surface":"πολέος","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίοιο","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of δίενται","gloss":"over the plain"},{"surface":"δίενται","lemma":"δίεμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"race"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b23-l476","source":"οὔτε νεώτατός ἐσσι μετʼ Ἀργείοισι τοσοῦτον,","translation":"You are not so much the youngest among the Argives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεώτατός","lemma":"νεώτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"youngest"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"τοσοῦτον","lemma":"τοσοῦτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐσσι","gloss":"so much"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b23-l477","source":"οὔτέ τοι ὀξύτατον κεφαλῆς ἐκδέρκεται ὄσσε·","translation":"nor does the sharpest eye look out from your head;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐκδέρκεται","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὀξύτατον","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐκδέρκεται","gloss":"sharpest"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκδέρκεται","gloss":"from your head"},{"surface":"ἐκδέρκεται","lemma":"ἐκδέρκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"looks out"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐκδέρκεται","gloss":"the two eyes"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b23-l478","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ μύθοις λαβρεύεαι· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ","translation":"yet you are always babbling in speeches, though you have no need","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαβρεύεαι","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"μύθοις","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβρεύεαι","gloss":"in speech"},{"surface":"λαβρεύεαι","lemma":"λαβρεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"babble"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is need"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b23-l479","source":"λαβραγόρην ἔμεναι· πάρα γὰρ καὶ ἀμείνονες ἄλλοι.","translation":"to be a loud talker, for better men are here.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαβραγόρην","lemma":"λαβραγόρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"loud talker"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of χρὴ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are here"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀμείνονες","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πάρα","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b23-l480","source":"ἵπποι δʼ αὐταὶ ἔασι παροίτεραι, αἳ τὸ πάρος περ,","translation":"The same mares are in front that were before,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔασι","gloss":"mares"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐταὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"ἔασι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"παροίτεραι","lemma":"παροίτερος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b23-l481","source":"Εὐμήλου, ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔχων εὔληρα βέβηκε.","translation":"Eumelus' mares, and he himself stands within holding the reins.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐμήλου","lemma":"Εὔμηλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"Eumelus'"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βέβηκε","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"εὔληρα","lemma":"εὔληρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"βέβηκε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b23-l482","source":"τὸν δὲ χολωσάμενος Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Angered, the leader of the Cretans spoke against him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χολωσάμενος","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"Κρητῶν","lemma":"Κρής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"of the Cretans"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b23-l483","source":"Αἶαν νεῖκος ἄριστε κακοφραδὲς ἄλλά τε πάντα","translation":"\"Ajax, best at abuse, wrong-headed, in everything else","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l483.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νεῖκος ἄριστε","title":"Best at abuse","body":"The vocative phrase is pointedly sarcastic: Idomeneus calls Ajax \"best\" not in battle but in νεῖκος, quarrelsome abuse. The insult answers Ajax in his own aggressive register."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἶαν","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄριστε","gloss":"at abuse"},{"surface":"ἄριστε","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἶαν","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"κακοφραδὲς","lemma":"κακοφραδής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἶαν","gloss":"wrong-headed"},{"surface":"ἄλλά","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δεύεαι","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλά","gloss":"in everything"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b23-l484","source":"δεύεαι Ἀργείων, ὅτι τοι νόος ἐστὶν ἀπηνής.","translation":"you fall short of the Argives, because your mind is harsh.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύεαι","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fall short"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of δεύεαι","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτι","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀπηνής","lemma":"ἀπηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b23-l485","source":"δεῦρό νυν ἢ τρίποδος περιδώμεθον ἠὲ λέβητος,","translation":"Come now, let the two of us wager a tripod or a cauldron,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦρό","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"νυν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τρίποδος","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"a tripod"},{"surface":"περιδώμεθον","lemma":"περιδίδομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us wager"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"λέβητος","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"a cauldron"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b23-l486","source":"ἴστορα δʼ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα θείομεν ἄμφω,","translation":"and let us both appoint Agamemnon, son of Atreus, as judge","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴστορα","lemma":"ἵστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of θείομεν","gloss":"arbiter"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θείομεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"θείομεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of θείομεν","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b23-l487","source":"ὁππότεραι πρόσθʼ ἵπποι, ἵνα γνώῃς ἀποτίνων.","translation":"of which mares are in front, so you may learn by paying.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότεραι","lemma":"ὁπότερος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mares"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"γνώῃς","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"you may learn"},{"surface":"ἀποτίνων","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γνώῃς","gloss":"by paying"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b23-l488","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὄρνυτο δʼ αὐτίκʼ Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας","translation":"So he spoke, and swift Ajax, son of Oileus, sprang up at once,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Oileus"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυτο","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b23-l489","source":"χωόμενος χαλεποῖσιν ἀμείψασθαι ἐπέεσσι·","translation":"angry, to answer him with harsh words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"being angry"},{"surface":"χαλεποῖσιν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"with harsh"},{"surface":"ἀμείψασθαι","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"to answer"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείψασθαι","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b23-l490","source":"καί νύ κε δὴ προτέρω ἔτʼ ἔρις γένετʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν,","translation":"And now the quarrel between the two would have gone still further,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have arisen"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"between them both"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b23-l491","source":"εἰ μὴ Ἀχιλλεὺς αὐτὸς ἀνίστατο καὶ φάτο μῦθον·","translation":"had not Achilles himself risen and spoken a word:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀνίστατο","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"a word"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b23-l492","source":"μηκέτι νῦν χαλεποῖσιν ἀμείβεσθον ἐπέεσσιν","translation":"\"No longer answer one another with harsh words,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μηκέτι","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβεσθον","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβεσθον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"χαλεποῖσιν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"with harsh"},{"surface":"ἀμείβεσθον","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answer each other"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβεσθον","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b23-l493","source":"Αἶαν Ἰδομενεῦ τε κακοῖς, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἔοικε.","translation":"Ajax and Idomeneus, with insults; it is not fitting.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἶαν","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεῦ","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακοῖς","lemma":"κακόω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"you harm"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is fitting"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b23-l494","source":"καὶ δʼ ἄλλῳ νεμεσᾶτον ὅτις τοιαῦτά γε ῥέζοι.","translation":"You yourselves would resent another man who acted so.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of νεμεσᾶτον","gloss":"another man"},{"surface":"νεμεσᾶτον","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you resent"},{"surface":"ὅτις","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥέζοι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτά","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέζοι","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥέζοι","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλῳ","gloss":"might act"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b23-l495","source":"ἀλλʼ ὑμεῖς ἐν ἀγῶνι καθήμενοι εἰσοράασθε","translation":"Instead, sit in the assembly and watch","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσοράασθε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the gathering"},{"surface":"καθήμενοι","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰσοράασθε","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"εἰσοράασθε","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"watch"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b23-l496","source":"ἵππους· οἳ δὲ τάχʼ αὐτοὶ ἐπειγόμενοι περὶ νίκης","translation":"the horses; soon they will come here themselves, pressing for victory.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσοράασθε","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλεύσονται","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσονται","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενοι","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσονται","gloss":"pressing"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νίκης","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b23-l497","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ἐλεύσονται· τότε δὲ γνώσεσθε ἕκαστος","translation":"Then each of you will know","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλεύσονται","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσονται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they will come"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνώσεσθε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γνώσεσθε","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will know"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b23-l498","source":"ἵππους Ἀργείων, οἳ δεύτεροι οἵ τε πάροιθεν.","translation":"which Argive horses are second and which are first.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γνώσεσθε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"Argive"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δεύτεροι","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάροιθεν","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in front"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b23-l499","source":"ὣς φάτο, Τυδεΐδης δὲ μάλα σχεδὸν ἦλθε διώκων,","translation":"So he spoke, and the son of Tydeus came very near in pursuit,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"the son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he came"},{"surface":"διώκων","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"in pursuit"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b23-l500","source":"μάστι δʼ αἰὲν ἔλαυνε κατωμαδόν· οἳ δέ οἱ ἵπποι","translation":"always driving the whip down from his shoulder; his horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάστι","lemma":"μάστις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλαυνε","gloss":"with the whip"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλαυνε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἔλαυνε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he drove"},{"surface":"κατωμαδόν","lemma":"κατωμαδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλαυνε","gloss":"from his shoulder"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀειρέσθην","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b23-l501","source":"ὑψόσʼ ἀειρέσθην ῥίμφα πρήσσοντε κέλευθον.","translation":"reared high as the pair sped swiftly on their way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l501.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀειρέσθην ῥίμφα πρήσσοντε","title":"A racing pair in the dual","body":"The finite verb ἀειρέσθην and participle πρήσσοντε are dual forms: Homer treats the two harnessed horses as a single racing pair."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψόσ","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀειρέσθην","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ἀειρέσθην","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρήσσοντε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"πρήσσοντε","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀειρέσθην","gloss":"making their way"},{"surface":"κέλευθον","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρήσσοντε","gloss":"the way"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b23-l502","source":"αἰεὶ δʼ ἡνίοχον κονίης ῥαθάμιγγες ἔβαλλον,","translation":"All the while splashes of dust struck the driver,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλλον","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχον","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλλον","gloss":"the driver"},{"surface":"κονίης","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ῥαθάμιγγες","gloss":"of dust"},{"surface":"ῥαθάμιγγες","lemma":"ῥαθάμιγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαλλον","gloss":"splashes"},{"surface":"ἔβαλλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b23-l503","source":"ἅρματα δὲ χρυσῷ πεπυκασμένα κασσιτέρῳ τε","translation":"and the chariot, overlaid with gold and tin,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l503.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπυκασμένα","title":"Perfect passive participle","body":"πεπυκασμένα is a perfect middle-passive participle agreeing with ἅρματα: the chariot stands in the finished state of having been closely overlaid with metal."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπέτρεχον","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσῷ","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"with gold"},{"surface":"πεπυκασμένα","lemma":"πυκάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifies ἅρματα","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"κασσιτέρῳ","lemma":"κασσίτερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"with tin"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b23-l504","source":"ἵπποις ὠκυπόδεσσιν ἐπέτρεχον· οὐδέ τι πολλὴ","translation":"ran close behind the swift-footed horses; scarcely any","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποις","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέτρεχον","gloss":"behind the horses"},{"surface":"ὠκυπόδεσσιν","lemma":"ὠκύπους","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποις","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"ἐπέτρεχον","lemma":"ἐπιτρέχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran close behind"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to γίγνετ̓","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"πολλὴ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁρματροχιὴ","gloss":"much"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b23-l505","source":"γίγνετʼ ἐπισσώτρων ἁρματροχιὴ κατόπισθεν","translation":"track of the wheel rims arose behind them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"ἐπισσώτρων","lemma":"ἐπίσωτρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἁρματροχιὴ","gloss":"of wheel rims"},{"surface":"ἁρματροχιὴ","lemma":"ἁρματοτροχιά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνετ̓","gloss":"wheel-rim track"},{"surface":"κατόπισθεν","lemma":"κατόπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γίγνετ̓","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b23-l506","source":"ἐν λεπτῇ κονίῃ· τὼ δὲ σπεύδοντε πετέσθην.","translation":"in the fine dust, so fast the two flew onward.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λεπτῇ","lemma":"λεπτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κονίῃ","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"κονίῃ","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in the dust"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πετέσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπεύδοντε","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to πετέσθην","gloss":"hurrying"},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew onward"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b23-l507","source":"στῆ δὲ μέσῳ ἐν ἀγῶνι, πολὺς δʼ ἀνεκήκιεν ἱδρὼς","translation":"He stopped in the midst of the gathering, and sweat poured thick","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stopped"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγῶνι","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the gathering"},{"surface":"πολὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱδρὼς","gloss":"abundant"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνεκήκιεν","lemma":"ἀνακηκίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"welled up"},{"surface":"ἱδρὼς","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνεκήκιεν","gloss":"sweat"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b23-l508","source":"ἵππων ἔκ τε λόφων καὶ ἀπὸ στέρνοιο χαμᾶζε.","translation":"from the horses' manes and chests down to the ground.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"the horses'"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λόφων","lemma":"λόφος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"manes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"στέρνοιο","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the chest"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνεκήκιεν","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b23-l509","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἐκ δίφροιο χαμαὶ θόρε παμφανόωντος,","translation":"Diomedes himself leapt down from the shining chariot,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l509.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἐκ δίφροιο","title":"Diomedes is the carried subject","body":"αὐτός resumes the winner who has just driven in, Diomedes. The same Greek line occurs elsewhere with Hector as its carried subject, but here the surrounding action fixes Diomedes."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δίφροιο","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of θόρε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"θόρε","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"παμφανόωντος","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies δίφροιο","gloss":"all-shining"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b23-l510","source":"κλῖνε δʼ ἄρα μάστιγα ποτὶ ζυγόν· οὐδὲ μάτησεν","translation":"and leaned his whip against the yoke. Nor did","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλῖνε","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaned"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάστιγα","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κλῖνε","gloss":"the whip"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ζυγόν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"the yoke"},{"surface":"μάτησεν","lemma":"ματάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"delayed"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b23-l511","source":"ἴφθιμος Σθένελος, ἀλλʼ ἐσσυμένως λάβʼ ἄεθλον,","translation":"mighty Sthenelus delay, but briskly took the prize","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴφθιμος","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σθένελος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Σθένελος","lemma":"Σθένελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μάτησεν","gloss":"Sthenelus"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐσσυμένως","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάβ̓","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"λάβ","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λάβ̓","gloss":"prize"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b23-l512","source":"δῶκε δʼ ἄγειν ἑτάροισιν ὑπερθύμοισι γυναῖκα","translation":"and gave the woman to his high-hearted comrades to lead away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies γυναῖκα","gloss":"to lead away"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to his companions"},{"surface":"ὑπερθύμοισι","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"γυναῖκα","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the woman"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b23-l513","source":"καὶ τρίποδʼ ὠτώεντα φέρειν· ὃ δʼ ἔλυεν ὑφʼ ἵππους.","translation":"and the handled tripod to carry; while he unyoked the horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρίποδ","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"tripod"},{"surface":"ὠτώεντα","lemma":"ὠτώεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδ̓","gloss":"handled"},{"surface":"φέρειν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies τρίποδ̓","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλυεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλυεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"unyoked"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from under"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλυεν","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b23-l514","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀντίλοχος Νηλήϊος ἤλασεν ἵππους","translation":"Next Antilochus, the son of Neleus, drove his horses in","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"after him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλασεν","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"Νηλήϊος","lemma":"Νηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχος","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"ἤλασεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασεν","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b23-l515","source":"κέρδεσιν, οὔ τι τάχει γε, παραφθάμενος Μενέλαον·","translation":"after passing Menelaus by cunning, not by speed;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l515.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κέρδεσιν","title":"Winning by cunning","body":"κέρδεσιν is the dative plural of κέρδος, advantage or cunning. It points back to Antilochus' deliberate maneuver at the narrow road, not to greater speed in his team."}],"words":[{"surface":"κέρδεσιν","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"by cunning"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τάχει","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τάχει","lemma":"τάχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"by speed"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παραφθάμενος","lemma":"παραφθάνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλασεν","gloss":"having outstripped"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παραφθάμενος","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b23-l516","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς Μενέλαος ἔχʼ ἐγγύθεν ὠκέας ἵππους.","translation":"yet even so Menelaus held his swift horses close behind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχ̓","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχ̓","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχ̓","gloss":"close behind"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχ̓","gloss":"his horses"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b23-l517","source":"ὅσσον δὲ τροχοῦ ἵππος ἀφίσταται, ὅς ῥα ἄνακτα","translation":"As far as a horse stands from the wheel when he","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀφίσταται","gloss":"only as far"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τροχοῦ","lemma":"τροχός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφίσταται","gloss":"from the wheel"},{"surface":"ἵππος","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφίσταται","gloss":"a horse"},{"surface":"ἀφίσταται","lemma":"ἀφίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"stands away"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλκῃσιν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλκῃσιν","gloss":"the lord"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b23-l518","source":"ἕλκῃσιν πεδίοιο τιταινόμενος σὺν ὄχεσφι·","translation":"draws his master over the plain, straining with the chariot:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκῃσιν","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵππος","gloss":"draws"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλκῃσιν","gloss":"over the plain"},{"surface":"τιταινόμενος","lemma":"τιταίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκῃσιν","gloss":"straining"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφι","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"the chariot"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b23-l519","source":"τοῦ μέν τε ψαύουσιν ἐπισσώτρου τρίχες ἄκραι","translation":"the tips of the horse's tail hairs brush the wheel rim","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἐπισσώτρου","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ψαύουσιν","lemma":"ψαύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brush"},{"surface":"ἐπισσώτρου","lemma":"ἐπίσωτρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ψαύουσιν","gloss":"the wheel rim"},{"surface":"τρίχες","lemma":"θρίξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ψαύουσιν","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"ἄκραι","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρίχες","gloss":"at the tips"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b23-l520","source":"οὐραῖαι· ὃ δέ τʼ ἄγχι μάλα τρέχει, οὐδέ τι πολλὴ","translation":"as he runs very close, with scarcely any","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐραῖαι","lemma":"οὐραῖος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρίχες","gloss":"tail"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τρέχει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέχει","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"τρέχει","lemma":"τρέχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"πολλὴ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χώρη","gloss":"much"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b23-l521","source":"χώρη μεσσηγὺς πολέος πεδίοιο θέοντος·","translation":"space between while he races over the broad plain —","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χώρη","lemma":"χώρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"μεσσηγὺς","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"πολέος","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίοιο","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέοντος","gloss":"over the plain"},{"surface":"θέοντος","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as it runs"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b23-l522","source":"τόσσον δὴ Μενέλαος ἀμύμονος Ἀντιλόχοιο","translation":"by just so much Menelaus trailed blameless Antilochus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to λείπετ̓","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λείπετ̓","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντιλόχοιο","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχοιο","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λείπετ̓","gloss":"Antilochus"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b23-l523","source":"λείπετʼ· ἀτὰρ τὰ πρῶτα καὶ ἐς δίσκουρα λέλειπτο,","translation":"At first he had fallen behind by a discus throw,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λείπετ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trailed"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies πρῶτα","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to λέλειπτο","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"δίσκουρα","lemma":"δίσκουρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"a discus throw"},{"surface":"λέλειπτο","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had fallen behind"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b23-l524","source":"ἀλλά μιν αἶψα κίχανεν· ὀφέλλετο γὰρ μένος ἠῢ","translation":"but swiftly he caught him, for the good strength kept swelling","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κίχανεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίχανεν","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"κίχανεν","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught him"},{"surface":"ὀφέλλετο","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept swelling"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀφέλλετο","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἠῢ","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b23-l525","source":"ἵππου τῆς Ἀγαμεμνονέης καλλίτριχος Αἴθης·","translation":"in Agamemnon's lovely-maned mare, Aethe.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππου","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Αἴθης","gloss":"mare"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine article","role":"modifies Ἀγαμεμνονέης","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμεμνονέης","lemma":"Ἀγαμεμνόνεος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππου","gloss":"Agamemnon's"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχος","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴθης","gloss":"lovely-maned"},{"surface":"Αἴθης","lemma":"Αἴθη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"Aethe"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b23-l526","source":"εἰ δέ κʼ ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος ἀμφοτέροισι,","translation":"Had the course been stretched still farther for both men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l526.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰ δέ κʼ ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος","title":"A past counterfactual","body":"The conditional imagines a course that was not in fact longer. The corresponding result follows on the next line: Menelaus would have passed Antilochus outright."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετο","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"γένετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had continued"},{"surface":"δρόμος","lemma":"δρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γένετο","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to γένετο","gloss":"for both"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b23-l527","source":"τώ κέν μιν παρέλασσʼ οὐδʼ ἀμφήριστον ἔθηκεν.","translation":"he would have passed him and left no room for dispute.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρέλασσ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"παρέλασσ","lemma":"παρελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have passed"},{"surface":"ἀμφήριστον","lemma":"ἀμφήριστος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"complement of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"disputed"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have left"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b23-l528","source":"αὐτὰρ Μηριόνης θεράπων ἐῢς Ἰδομενῆος","translation":"But Meriones, the good companion of Idomeneus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λείπετ̓","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ἐῢς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"of Idomeneus"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b23-l529","source":"λείπετʼ ἀγακλῆος Μενελάου δουρὸς ἐρωήν·","translation":"fell a spear's cast behind glorious Menelaus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λείπετ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trailed"},{"surface":"ἀγακλῆος","lemma":"ἀγακλεής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενελάου","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Μενελάου","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λείπετ̓","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐρωήν","gloss":"a spear's"},{"surface":"ἐρωήν","lemma":"ἐρωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λείπετ̓","gloss":"throw"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b23-l530","source":"βάρδιστοι μὲν γάρ οἱ ἔσαν καλλίτριχες ἵπποι,","translation":"for his lovely-maned horses were the slowest,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάρδιστοι","lemma":"βάρδιστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"slowest"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχες","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"lovely-maned"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b23-l531","source":"ἤκιστος δʼ ἦν αὐτὸς ἐλαυνέμεν ἅρμʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι.","translation":"and he himself was the least skilled at driving a chariot in a race.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤκιστος","lemma":"ἤκιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"least skilled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he was"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἐλαυνέμεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"ἅρμ","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐλαυνέμεν","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"a race"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b23-l532","source":"υἱὸς δʼ Ἀδμήτοιο πανύστατος ἤλυθεν ἄλλων","translation":"Last of all the others came the son of Admetus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθεν","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀδμήτοιο","lemma":"Ἄδμητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Admetus"},{"surface":"πανύστατος","lemma":"πανύστατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"last of all"},{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πανύστατος","gloss":"of all others"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b23-l533","source":"ἕλκων ἅρματα καλὰ ἐλαύνων πρόσσοθεν ἵππους.","translation":"dragging his fine chariot and driving his horses on ahead.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκων","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθεν","gloss":"dragging"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλκων","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρματα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνων","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθεν","gloss":"driving"},{"surface":"πρόσσοθεν","lemma":"πρόσωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλαύνων","gloss":"ahead"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλαύνων","gloss":"his horses"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b23-l534","source":"τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ᾤκτειρε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"Seeing him, swift-footed godlike Achilles took pity,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤκτειρε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ᾤκτειρε","lemma":"οἰκτείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾤκτειρε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b23-l535","source":"στὰς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐν Ἀργείοις ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευε·","translation":"and standing among the Argives he spoke winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"having stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοις","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντ","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b23-l536","source":"λοῖσθος ἀνὴρ ὤριστος ἐλαύνει μώνυχας ἵππους·","translation":"\"The best man is driving his single-hoofed horses in last.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λοῖσθος","lemma":"λοῖσθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλαύνει","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"ὤριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνει","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλαύνει","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b23-l537","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δή οἱ δῶμεν ἀέθλιον ὡς ἐπιεικὲς","translation":"Come then, let us give him a prize, as is fitting,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δῶμεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us give"},{"surface":"ἀέθλιον","lemma":"ἀέθλιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικὲς","lemma":"ἐπιεικής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fitting"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b23-l538","source":"δεύτερʼ· ἀτὰρ τὰ πρῶτα φερέσθω Τυδέος υἱός.","translation":"the second; but let the son of Tydeus carry off the first.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερ","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies πρῶτα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φερέσθω","gloss":"first prize"},{"surface":"φερέσθω","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him carry off"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φερέσθω","gloss":"the son"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b23-l539","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπῄνεον ὡς ἐκέλευε.","translation":"So he spoke, and they all approved as he had urged.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπῄνεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπῄνεον","lemma":"ἐπαινέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"approved"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπῄνεον","gloss":"he urged them"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b23-l540","source":"καί νύ κέ οἱ πόρεν ἵππον, ἐπῄνησαν γὰρ Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"And now he would have given him the mare, for the Achaeans had approved,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l540.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καί νύ κέ οἱ πόρεν ἵππον","title":"An action narrowly prevented","body":"κέ with the past verb presents what would now have happened: Achilles was on the point of awarding Eumelus the mare. The εἰ μή clause on the next line supplies the interruption."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πόρεν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have given"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πόρεν","gloss":"the mare"},{"surface":"ἐπῄνησαν","lemma":"ἐπαινέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to γὰρ","gloss":"approved"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπῄνησαν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b23-l541","source":"εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ Ἀντίλοχος μεγαθύμου Νέστορος υἱὸς","translation":"had Antilochus, son of great-hearted Nestor, not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείψατ̓","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Nestor"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχος","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b23-l542","source":"Πηλεΐδην Ἀχιλῆα δίκῃ ἠμείψατʼ ἀναστάς·","translation":"risen and answered Peleus' son Achilles to assert his right:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l542.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δίκῃ","title":"A claim of right","body":"δίκη here is the right or justice of Antilochus' case. He rises not merely to object but to claim that the announced award would wrongfully strip him of the prize he won."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδην","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆα","gloss":"Peleus' son"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠμείψατ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δίκῃ","lemma":"δίκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠμείψατ̓","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἠμείψατ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἀναστάς","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠμείψατ̓","gloss":"having risen"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b23-l543","source":"ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ μάλα τοι κεχολώσομαι αἴ κε τελέσσῃς","translation":"\"Achilles, I shall be deeply angered with you if you carry out","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεχολώσομαι","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κεχολώσομαι","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"κεχολώσομαι","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall be angered"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"τελέσσῃς","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you carry out"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b23-l544","source":"τοῦτο ἔπος· μέλλεις γὰρ ἀφαιρήσεσθαι ἄεθλον","translation":"this word, for you mean to take away my prize,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τελέσσῃς","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"μέλλεις","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you mean"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀφαιρήσεσθαι","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of μέλλεις","gloss":"to take away"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφαιρήσεσθαι","gloss":"prize"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b23-l545","source":"τὰ φρονέων ὅτι οἱ βλάβεν ἅρματα καὶ ταχέʼ ἵππω","translation":"thinking of how his chariot and swift horses were harmed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μέλλεις","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to βλάβεν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"βλάβεν","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"were harmed"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταχέ","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππω","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππω","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"his horses"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b23-l546","source":"αὐτός τʼ ἐσθλὸς ἐών· ἀλλʼ ὤφελεν ἀθανάτοισιν","translation":"though he himself is a good man. But he ought to have prayed to the immortals;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l546.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀλλʼ ὤφελεν ἀθανάτοισιν","title":"What he ought to have done","body":"ὤφελεν with the infinitive εὔχεσθαι on the next line expresses an unfulfilled obligation: Eumelus ought to have prayed, but did not."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a good man"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"though he is"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὤφελεν","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ought to have"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of εὔχεσθαι","gloss":"to the immortals"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b23-l547","source":"εὔχεσθαι· τό κεν οὔ τι πανύστατος ἦλθε διώκων.","translation":"then he would not have come pursuing in the very last place.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχεσθαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὤφελεν","gloss":"to pray"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"πανύστατος","lemma":"πανύστατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"last of all"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have come"},{"surface":"διώκων","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"pursuing"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b23-l548","source":"εἰ δέ μιν οἰκτίρεις καί τοι φίλος ἔπλετο θυμῷ","translation":"If you pity him and he has been dear to your heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οἰκτίρεις","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οἰκτίρεις","lemma":"οἰκτείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"you pity"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"he was"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"in your heart"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b23-l549","source":"ἔστί τοι ἐν κλισίῃ χρυσὸς πολύς, ἔστι δὲ χαλκὸς","translation":"you have abundant gold in your hut, and bronze as well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔστί","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"your hut"},{"surface":"χρυσὸς","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστί","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"πολύς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρυσὸς","gloss":"abundant"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b23-l550","source":"καὶ πρόβατʼ, εἰσὶ δέ τοι δμῳαὶ καὶ μώνυχες ἵπποι·","translation":"and flocks; you have bondwomen and single-hoofed horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόβατ","lemma":"πρόβατον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"εἰσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰσὶ","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δμῳαὶ","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"bondwomen"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μώνυχες","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b23-l551","source":"τῶν οἱ ἔπειτʼ ἀνελὼν δόμεναι καὶ μεῖζον ἄεθλον","translation":"Take something from these and give him an even greater prize","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀνελὼν","gloss":"from these"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δόμεναι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀνελὼν","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δόμεναι","gloss":"having taken"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μεῖζον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"prize"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b23-l552","source":"ἠὲ καὶ αὐτίκα νῦν, ἵνα σʼ αἰνήσωσιν Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"at once, here and now, so that the Achaeans may praise you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἰνήσωσιν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αἰνήσωσιν","lemma":"αἰνέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"praise"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of αἰνήσωσιν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b23-l553","source":"τὴν δʼ ἐγὼ οὐ δώσω· περὶ δʼ αὐτῆς πειρηθήτω","translation":"But I will not give up the mare; let any man make trial over her","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l553.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πειρηθήτω","title":"A third-person command","body":"πειρηθήτω is a third-person singular aorist imperative: Antilochus challenges any willing man to make the attempt for the mare."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"the mare"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δώσω","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will give"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"πειρηθήτω","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him make trial"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b23-l554","source":"ἀνδρῶν ὅς κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν ἐμοὶ χείρεσσι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"who is willing to fight me hand to hand.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"among the men"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of πειρηθήτω","gloss":"he is willing"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"χείρεσσι","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"with his hands"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b23-l555","source":"ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"So he spoke, and swift-footed godlike Achilles smiled,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"μείδησεν","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μείδησεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b23-l556","source":"χαίρων Ἀντιλόχῳ, ὅτι οἱ φίλος ἦεν ἑταῖρος·","translation":"delighting in Antilochus, because he was his dear companion;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μείδησεν","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχῳ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χαίρων","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτι","gloss":"he was"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b23-l557","source":"καί μιν ἀμειβόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"And answering him, he addressed him with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"winged words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed him"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b23-l558","source":"Ἀντίλοχʼ, εἰ μὲν δή με κελεύεις οἴκοθεν ἄλλο","translation":"\"Antilochus, if you bid me add another gift from my own stores","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιδοῦναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you bid"},{"surface":"οἴκοθεν","lemma":"οἴκοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ἄλλο","gloss":"from my stores"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπιδοῦναι","gloss":"another gift"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b23-l559","source":"Εὐμήλῳ ἐπιδοῦναι, ἐγὼ δέ κε καὶ τὸ τελέσσω.","translation":"for Eumelus, then I shall do that as well.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐμήλῳ","lemma":"Εὔμηλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιδοῦναι","gloss":"to Eumelus"},{"surface":"ἐπιδοῦναι","lemma":"ἐπιδίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κελεύεις","gloss":"to give extra"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τελέσσω","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of τελέσσω","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τελέσσω","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall carry out"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b23-l560","source":"δώσω οἱ θώρηκα, τὸν Ἀστεροπαῖον ἀπηύρων","translation":"I shall give him the breastplate I stripped from Asteropaeus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall give"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θώρηκα","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"breastplate"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρων","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Ἀστεροπαῖον","lemma":"Ἀστεροπαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρων","gloss":"Asteropaeus"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρων","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θώρηκα","gloss":"I stripped"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b23-l561","source":"χάλκεον, ᾧ πέρι χεῦμα φαεινοῦ κασσιτέροιο","translation":"of bronze, around which a band of shining tin","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l561.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χεῦμα","title":"A poured metal band","body":"χεῦμα is something poured or cast. Here it denotes the bright tin band worked around the bronze breastplate."}],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τὸν","gloss":"of bronze"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέρι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χεῦμα","lemma":"χεῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀμφιδεδίνηται","gloss":"band"},{"surface":"φαεινοῦ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κασσιτέροιο","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"κασσιτέροιο","lemma":"κασσίτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χεῦμα","gloss":"of tin"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b23-l562","source":"ἀμφιδεδίνηται· πολέος δέ οἱ ἄξιος ἔσται.","translation":"runs circling; it will be worth much to him.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφιδεδίνηται","lemma":"ἀμφιδινέομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θώρηκα","gloss":"runs around"},{"surface":"πολέος","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἄξιος","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἄξιος","lemma":"ἄξιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worth"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it will be"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b23-l563","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ Αὐτομέδοντι φίλῳ ἐκέλευσεν ἑταίρῳ","translation":"So he spoke, and told his dear companion Automedon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"so he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδοντι","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρῳ","gloss":"his dear"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"ἑταίρῳ","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αὐτομέδοντι","gloss":"his companion"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b23-l564","source":"οἰσέμεναι κλισίηθεν· ὃ δʼ ᾤχετο καί οἱ ἔνεικεν,","translation":"to fetch it from the hut; he went and brought it to him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰσέμεναι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"to fetch it"},{"surface":"κλισίηθεν","lemma":"κλισίηθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of οἰσέμεναι","gloss":"from the hut"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔνεικεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἔνεικεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought it"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b23-l565","source":"Εὐμήλῳ δʼ ἐν χερσὶ τίθει· ὃ δὲ δέξατο χαίρων.","translation":"and placed it in Eumelus' hands; he received it gladly.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐμήλῳ","lemma":"Εὔμηλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"Eumelus'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"in his hands"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he placed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέξατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δέξατο","gloss":"gladly"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b23-l566","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ Μενέλαος ἀνίστατο θυμὸν ἀχεύων","translation":"Then Menelaus too rose among them, grieving at heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀνίστατο","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνίστατο","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἀνίστατο","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀχεύων","gloss":"at heart"},{"surface":"ἀχεύων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνίστατο","gloss":"grieving"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b23-l567","source":"Ἀντιλόχῳ ἄμοτον κεχολωμένος· ἐν δʼ ἄρα κῆρυξ","translation":"and relentlessly angry with Antilochus. A herald","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l567.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄμοτον","title":"Anger without respite","body":"ἄμοτον means unceasingly or relentlessly. It gives Menelaus' anger a sustained force as he rises to challenge the result."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχῳ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχολωμένος","gloss":"with Antilochus"},{"surface":"ἄμοτον","lemma":"ἄμοτον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεχολωμένος","gloss":"without limit"},{"surface":"κεχολωμένος","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνίστατο","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθηκε","gloss":"herald"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b23-l568","source":"χειρὶ σκῆπτρον ἔθηκε, σιωπῆσαί τε κέλευσεν","translation":"placed the scepter in his hand and called upon","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"in his hand"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"the scepter"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he placed"},{"surface":"σιωπῆσαί","lemma":"σιωπάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κέλευσεν","gloss":"to be silent"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέλευσεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b23-l569","source":"Ἀργείους· ὃ δʼ ἔπειτα μετηύδα ἰσόθεος φώς·","translation":"the Argives to be silent; then the godlike man addressed them:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέλευσεν","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ἰσόθεος","lemma":"ἰσόθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"φώς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετηύδα","gloss":"the man"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b23-l570","source":"Ἀντίλοχε πρόσθεν πεπνυμένε ποῖον ἔρεξας.","translation":"\"Antilochus, once so wise, what have you done?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχε","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπνυμένε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένε","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχε","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ποῖον","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔρεξας","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἔρεξας","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have you done"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b23-l571","source":"ᾔσχυνας μὲν ἐμὴν ἀρετήν, βλάψας δέ μοι ἵππους","translation":"You have shamed my prowess and hindered my horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾔσχυνας","lemma":"αἰσχύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shamed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμὴν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετήν","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"ἀρετήν","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ᾔσχυνας","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"βλάψας","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you harmed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βλάψας","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b23-l572","source":"τοὺς σοὺς πρόσθε βαλών, οἵ τοι πολὺ χείρονες ἦσαν.","translation":"by throwing your own before them, though yours were far worse.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies σοὺς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σοὺς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of βαλών","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βαλών","gloss":"before them"},{"surface":"βαλών","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βλάψας","gloss":"by putting"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to χείρονες","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"χείρονες","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σοὺς","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b23-l573","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες","translation":"Come then, leaders and rulers of the Argives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγετ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come then"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"rulers"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b23-l574","source":"ἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέροισι δικάσσατε, μὴ δʼ ἐπʼ ἀρωγῇ,","translation":"judge openly between us both, and show no favor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l574.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δικάσσατε","title":"A public command to judge","body":"δικάσσατε is a second-person plural aorist imperative. Menelaus calls on the assembled leaders to deliver a decisive judgment between the two contestants."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"the midst"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δικάσσατε","gloss":"between us both"},{"surface":"δικάσσατε","lemma":"δικάζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"judge"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in favor of"},{"surface":"ἀρωγῇ","lemma":"ἀρωγή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"favor"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b23-l575","source":"μή ποτέ τις εἴπῃσιν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων·","translation":"lest some bronze-clad Achaean ever say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to εἴπῃσιν","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπῃσιν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"εἴπῃσιν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"may say"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b23-l576","source":"Ἀντίλοχον ψεύδεσσι βιησάμενος Μενέλαος","translation":"‘Menelaus overpowered Antilochus by falsehood","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχον","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βιησάμενος","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"ψεύδεσσι","lemma":"ψεῦδις","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βιησάμενος","gloss":"by falsehoods"},{"surface":"βιησάμενος","lemma":"βιάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴχεται","gloss":"having overpowered"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οἴχεται","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b23-l577","source":"οἴχεται ἵππον ἄγων, ὅτι οἱ πολὺ χείρονες ἦσαν","translation":"and goes off leading the mare, because his horses were far worse,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχεται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes off"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"the mare"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴχεται","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to χείρονες","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"χείρονες","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b23-l578","source":"ἵπποι, αὐτὸς δὲ κρείσσων ἀρετῇ τε βίῃ τε.","translation":"though he himself is stronger in prowess and might.’","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρείσσων","lemma":"κρείσσων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"ἀρετῇ","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"in valor"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b23-l579","source":"εἰ δʼ ἄγʼ ἐγὼν αὐτὸς δικάσω, καί μʼ οὔ τινά φημι","translation":"Come, I shall judge the matter myself; and I say that no","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"well then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δικάσω","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"δικάσω","lemma":"δικάζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall judge"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιπλήξειν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιπλήξειν","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b23-l580","source":"ἄλλον ἐπιπλήξειν Δαναῶν· ἰθεῖα γὰρ ἔσται.","translation":"other Danaan will rebuke me, for the judgment will be straight.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τινά","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἐπιπλήξειν","lemma":"ἐπιπλήσσω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"will rebuke"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τινά","gloss":"among the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἰθεῖα","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b23-l581","source":"Ἀντίλοχʼ εἰ δʼ ἄγε δεῦρο διοτρεφές, ἣ θέμις ἐστί,","translation":"Come here, Antilochus, Zeus-nurtured, as is right and customary:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"well then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"διοτρεφές","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχ̓","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"customary"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄγε","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b23-l582","source":"στὰς ἵππων προπάροιθε καὶ ἅρματος, αὐτὰρ ἱμάσθλην","translation":"stand before your horses and chariot, and take in your hands","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγε","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματος","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱμάσθλην","lemma":"ἱμάσθλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"the whip"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b23-l583","source":"χερσὶν ἔχε ῥαδινήν, ᾗ περ τὸ πρόσθεν ἔλαυνες,","translation":"the slender whip with which you drove before;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"in your hands"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"ῥαδινήν","lemma":"ῥαδινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμάσθλην","gloss":"slender"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔλαυνες","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πρόσθεν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλαυνες","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἔλαυνες","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἱμάσθλην","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b23-l584","source":"ἵππων ἁψάμενος γαιήοχον ἐννοσίγαιον","translation":"touch the horses and swear by the earth-holding Earth-shaker","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἁψάμενος","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"ἁψάμενος","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄμνυθι","gloss":"touching"},{"surface":"γαιήοχον","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιον","gloss":"earth-holding"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιον","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄμνυθι","gloss":"the earth-shaker"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b23-l585","source":"ὄμνυθι μὴ μὲν ἑκὼν τὸ ἐμὸν δόλῳ ἅρμα πεδῆσαι.","translation":"that you did not willingly block my chariot by guile.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄμνυθι","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swear"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑκὼν","lemma":"ἑκών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἅρμα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμα","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"δόλῳ","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πεδῆσαι","gloss":"by guile"},{"surface":"ἅρμα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πεδῆσαι","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"πεδῆσαι","lemma":"πεδάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὄμνυθι","gloss":"to block"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b23-l586","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀντίλοχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Antilochus answered him face to face:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b23-l587","source":"ἄνσχεο νῦν· πολλὸν γὰρ ἔγωγε νεώτερός εἰμι","translation":"\"Bear with me now, for I am far younger","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνσχεο","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bear with me"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄνσχεο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to νεώτερός","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"νεώτερός","lemma":"νεώτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b23-l588","source":"σεῖο ἄναξ Μενέλαε, σὺ δὲ πρότερος καὶ ἀρείων.","translation":"than you, lord Menelaus, while you are older and better.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to νεώτερός","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"older"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρείων","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b23-l589","source":"οἶσθʼ οἷαι νέου ἀνδρὸς ὑπερβασίαι τελέθουσι·","translation":"You know what the transgressions of a young man are:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶσθ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"οἷαι","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑπερβασίαι","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"νέου","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"of a young man"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὑπερβασίαι","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ὑπερβασίαι","lemma":"ὑπερβασία","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τελέθουσι","gloss":"transgressions"},{"surface":"τελέθουσι","lemma":"τελέθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of οἶσθ̓","gloss":"they are"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b23-l590","source":"κραιπνότερος μὲν γάρ τε νόος, λεπτὴ δέ τε μῆτις.","translation":"his impulse is swifter, but his counsel is slight.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l590.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κραιπνότερος μὲν γάρ τε νόος, λεπτὴ δέ τε μῆτις","title":"Quick impulse, slight counsel","body":"Antilochus contrasts νόος, the mind or impulse that rushes ahead, with μῆτις, considered counsel or cunning. Youth supplies speed of thought but too little judgment."}],"words":[{"surface":"κραιπνότερος","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swifter"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"impulse"},{"surface":"λεπτὴ","lemma":"λεπτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"slight"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῆτις","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b23-l591","source":"τώ τοι ἐπιτλήτω κραδίη· ἵππον δέ τοι αὐτὸς","translation":"Therefore let your heart endure; I myself shall give you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κραδίη","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἐπιτλήτω","lemma":"ἐπιτλῆναι","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιτλήτω","gloss":"your heart"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"a mare"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b23-l592","source":"δώσω, τὴν ἀρόμην. εἰ καί νύ κεν οἴκοθεν ἄλλο","translation":"the mare I won. And if you should ask some other thing","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will give"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀρόμην","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἀρόμην","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵππον","gloss":"I won"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"οἴκοθεν","lemma":"οἴκοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ἄλλο","gloss":"from home"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπαιτήσειας","gloss":"some other"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b23-l593","source":"μεῖζον ἐπαιτήσειας, ἄφαρ κέ τοι αὐτίκα δοῦναι","translation":"from my own stores, something greater, I would choose to give it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεῖζον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλο","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"ἐπαιτήσειας","lemma":"ἐπαιτέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"ask for"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βουλοίμην","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοῦναι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοῦναι","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δοῦναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of βουλοίμην","gloss":"to give"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b23-l594","source":"βουλοίμην ἢ σοί γε διοτρεφὲς ἤματα πάντα","translation":"to you at once rather than fall from your heart, Zeus-nurtured, forever","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l594.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βουλοίμην","title":"Optative preference","body":"βουλοίμην is a present optative expressing Antilochus' preference within the hypothetical situation: he would rather surrender a greater possession than lose Menelaus' favor."}],"words":[{"surface":"βουλοίμην","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would wish"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πεσέειν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b23-l595","source":"ἐκ θυμοῦ πεσέειν καὶ δαίμοσιν εἶναι ἀλιτρός.","translation":"and stand as a sinner before the gods.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θυμοῦ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the heart"},{"surface":"πεσέειν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to fall"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαίμοσιν","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀλιτρός","lemma":"ἀλιτρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a sinner"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b23-l596","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἵππον ἄγων μεγαθύμου Νέστορος υἱὸς","translation":"So the son of great-hearted Nestor led the mare","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"the mare"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Nestor"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τίθει","gloss":"the son"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b23-l597","source":"ἐν χείρεσσι τίθει Μενελάου· τοῖο δὲ θυμὸς","translation":"and placed her in Menelaus' hands; and his heart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσι","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"in his hands"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"Μενελάου","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χείρεσσι","gloss":"of Menelaus"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰάνθη","gloss":"his heart"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b23-l598","source":"ἰάνθη ὡς εἴ τε περὶ σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση","translation":"was softened, as dew lies thick upon the ears","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰάνθη","lemma":"ἰαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"softened"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"σταχύεσσιν","lemma":"στάχυς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies περὶ","gloss":"ears of grain"},{"surface":"ἐέρση","lemma":"ἔρσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"dew"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b23-l599","source":"ληΐου ἀλδήσκοντος, ὅτε φρίσσουσιν ἄρουραι·","translation":"of a ripening crop, when the fields bristle with grain;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ληΐου","lemma":"λήιον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"ἀλδήσκοντος","lemma":"ἀλδήσκω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies ληΐου","gloss":"ripening"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρίσσουσιν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"φρίσσουσιν","lemma":"φρίσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bristle"},{"surface":"ἄρουραι","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of φρίσσουσιν","gloss":"the fields"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b23-l600","source":"ὣς ἄρα σοὶ Μενέλαε μετὰ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἰάνθη.","translation":"so, Menelaus, was the heart within you softened.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰάνθη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἰάνθη","gloss":"within you"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰάνθη","gloss":"the heart"},{"surface":"ἰάνθη","lemma":"ἰαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"softened"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b23-l601","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"And speaking to him, he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"winged words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed him"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b23-l602","source":"Ἀντίλοχε νῦν μέν τοι ἐγὼν ὑποείξομαι αὐτὸς","translation":"\"Antilochus, angry though I am, I shall now yield to you myself,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχε","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποείξομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑποείξομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑποείξομαι","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"ὑποείξομαι","lemma":"ὑπείκω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will yield"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b23-l603","source":"χωόμενος, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι παρήορος οὐδʼ ἀεσίφρων","translation":"since before this you were never wayward or reckless;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l603.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παρήορος οὐδʼ ἀεσίφρων","title":"Wayward and reckless","body":"παρήορος literally suggests something outside the proper trace, hence wayward; ἀεσίφρων is rash or reckless in mind. Menelaus says that neither trait had marked Antilochus before today."}],"words":[{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑποείξομαι","gloss":"though angered"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"παρήορος","lemma":"παρήορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wayward"},{"surface":"ἀεσίφρων","lemma":"ἀεσίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"reckless"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b23-l604","source":"ἦσθα πάρος· νῦν αὖτε νόον νίκησε νεοίη.","translation":"but now your youth has overcome your judgment.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦσθα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"you were"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"before now"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νίκησε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νίκησε","gloss":"judgment"},{"surface":"νίκησε","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"overcame"},{"surface":"νεοίη","lemma":"νεοίη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of νίκησε","gloss":"youth"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b23-l605","source":"δεύτερον αὖτʼ ἀλέασθαι ἀμείνονας ἠπεροπεύειν.","translation":"Another time, avoid trying to outwit your betters.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερον","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀλέασθαι","gloss":"another time"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἀλέασθαι","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to avoid"},{"surface":"ἀμείνονας","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"object of ἠπεροπεύειν","gloss":"your betters"},{"surface":"ἠπεροπεύειν","lemma":"ἠπεροπεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀλέασθαι","gloss":"to outwit"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b23-l606","source":"οὐ γάρ κέν με τάχʼ ἄλλος ἀνὴρ παρέπεισεν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"No other man among the Achaeans could soon have persuaded me.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρέπεισεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέπεισεν","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρέπεισεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"παρέπεισεν","lemma":"παραπείθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"persuaded"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"among the Achaeans"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b23-l607","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ γὰρ δὴ πολλὰ πάθες καὶ πολλὰ μόγησας","translation":"But you have suffered much and labored much,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l607.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πάθες","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"πάθες","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have suffered"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μόγησας","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"μόγησας","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you labored"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b23-l608","source":"σός τε πατὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ ἀδελφεὸς εἵνεκʼ ἐμεῖο·","translation":"and so have your good father and your brother, for my sake.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σός","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀδελφεὸς","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"your brother"},{"surface":"εἵνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκ̓","gloss":"for me"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b23-l609","source":"τώ τοι λισσομένῳ ἐπιπείσομαι, ἠδὲ καὶ ἵππον","translation":"Therefore I shall yield to your entreaty, and I shall even give you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιπείσομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"λισσομένῳ","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as you entreat"},{"surface":"ἐπιπείσομαι","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will yield"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"a mare"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b23-l610","source":"δώσω ἐμήν περ ἐοῦσαν, ἵνα γνώωσι καὶ οἵδε","translation":"the mare, though she is mine, so that these men too may know","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will give"},{"surface":"ἐμήν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"though she is"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"γνώωσι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may know"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"οἵδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γνώωσι","gloss":"these men"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b23-l611","source":"ὡς ἐμὸς οὔ ποτε θυμὸς ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀπηνής.","translation":"that my heart is never overbearing or harsh.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l611.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀπηνής","title":"Overbearing and harsh","body":"ὑπερφίαλος describes arrogant excess, while ἀπηνής is hard or unyielding. By returning the mare, Menelaus makes his public conduct disprove both charges."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"my heart"},{"surface":"ὑπερφίαλος","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπηνής","lemma":"ἀπηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b23-l612","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ Ἀντιλόχοιο Νοήμονι δῶκεν ἑταίρῳ","translation":"So he spoke, and gave the mare to Noemon, Antilochus' companion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"so he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχοιο","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταίρῳ","gloss":"of Antilochus"},{"surface":"Νοήμονι","lemma":"Νοήμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"Noemon"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he gave"},{"surface":"ἑταίρῳ","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νοήμονι","gloss":"his companion"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b23-l613","source":"ἵππον ἄγειν· ὃ δʼ ἔπειτα λέβηθʼ ἕλε παμφανόωντα.","translation":"to lead away; then he took the shining cauldron.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"the mare"},{"surface":"ἄγειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"to lead away"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"λέβηθ","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"a cauldron"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he took"},{"surface":"παμφανόωντα","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies λέβηθ̓","gloss":"all-shining"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b23-l614","source":"Μηριόνης δʼ ἀνάειρε δύω χρυσοῖο τάλαντα","translation":"Meriones lifted up the two talents of gold","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνάειρε","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάειρε","lemma":"ἀναείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted up"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"χρυσοῖο","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"of gold"},{"surface":"τάλαντα","lemma":"τάλαντον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνάειρε","gloss":"talents"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b23-l615","source":"τέτρατος, ὡς ἔλασεν. πέμπτον δʼ ὑπελείπετʼ ἄεθλον,","translation":"as fourth, the place in which he drove; but the fifth prize remained,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέτρατος","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the fourth"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλασεν","gloss":"as he is"},{"surface":"ἔλασεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀνάειρε","gloss":"he drove"},{"surface":"πέμπτον","lemma":"πέμπτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"fifth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑπελείπετ","lemma":"ὑπολείπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"prize"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b23-l616","source":"ἀμφίθετος φιάλη· τὴν Νέστορι δῶκεν Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"a two-handled bowl. Achilles gave it to Nestor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l616.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμφίθετος φιάλη","title":"A two-handled bowl","body":"ἀμφίθετος describes the bowl as fitted on both sides, referring to its pair of handles. It is the unclaimed fifth prize from the chariot race."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφίθετος","lemma":"ἀμφίθετος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φιάλη","gloss":"two-handled"},{"surface":"φιάλη","lemma":"φιάλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"bowl"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"Νέστορι","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to Nestor"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b23-l617","source":"Ἀργείων ἀνʼ ἀγῶνα φέρων, καὶ ἔειπε παραστάς·","translation":"carrying it through the gathering of Argives, and stood beside him and said:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l617.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγῶνα","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνα","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"the gathering"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"carrying it"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"παραστάς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπε","gloss":"stood beside him"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b23-l618","source":"τῆ νῦν, καὶ σοὶ τοῦτο γέρον κειμήλιον ἔστω","translation":"\"Here, old man; let this now be an heirloom for you,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l618.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κειμήλιον","title":"An heirloom laid away","body":"κειμήλιον is a treasured possession kept in reserve or laid away. Achilles makes the vessel a lasting memorial rather than an ordinary contest prize."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῆ","lemma":"τῆ","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τῆ","gloss":"for now"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"κειμήλιον","lemma":"κειμήλιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"an heirloom"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it be"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b23-l619","source":"Πατρόκλοιο τάφου μνῆμʼ ἔμμεναι· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ αὐτὸν","translation":"a memorial of Patroclus' burial, for never again will you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l619.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάφου","gloss":"of Patroclus"},{"surface":"τάφου","lemma":"τάφος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μνῆμ̓","gloss":"burial"},{"surface":"μνῆμ","lemma":"μνῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"memorial"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄψῃ","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ὄψῃ","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b23-l620","source":"ὄψῃ ἐν Ἀργείοισι· δίδωμι δέ τοι τόδʼ ἄεθλον","translation":"see him among the Argives. I give you this prize","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψῃ","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shall see"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"δίδωμι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I give"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δίδωμι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δίδωμι","gloss":"prize"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b23-l621","source":"αὔτως· οὐ γὰρ πύξ γε μαχήσεαι, οὐδὲ παλαίσεις,","translation":"without a contest, for you will not fight with fists or wrestle,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δίδωμι","gloss":"without a contest"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πύξ","lemma":"πύξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχήσεαι","gloss":"at boxing"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μαχήσεαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fight"},{"surface":"παλαίσεις","lemma":"παλαίω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wrestle"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b23-l622","source":"οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἀκοντιστὺν ἐσδύσεαι, οὐδὲ πόδεσσι","translation":"nor enter the spear-casting, nor race","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσδύσεαι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀκοντιστὺν","lemma":"ἀκοντιστύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐσδύσεαι","gloss":"spear-casting"},{"surface":"ἐσδύσεαι","lemma":"εἰσδύνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"πόδεσσι","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θεύσεαι","gloss":"on foot"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b23-l623","source":"θεύσεαι· ἤδη γὰρ χαλεπὸν κατὰ γῆρας ἐπείγει.","translation":"on foot, for harsh old age already presses hard upon you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεύσεαι","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will race"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπείγει","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"χαλεπὸν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γῆρας","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γῆρας","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπείγει","gloss":"old age"},{"surface":"ἐπείγει","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses hard"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b23-l624","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερσὶ τίθει· ὃ δʼ ἐδέξατο χαίρων,","translation":"So saying, he placed it in his hands; and Nestor received it gladly,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"in his hands"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he placed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐδέξατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδέξατο","gloss":"rejoicing"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b23-l625","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"And speaking to him, he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l625.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"winged words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed him"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b23-l626","source":"ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα τέκος κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες·","translation":"\"Yes indeed, my child, all this you have spoken according to due measure,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναὶ","lemma":"ναί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"all this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτά","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"due measure"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have spoken"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b23-l627","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἔμπεδα γυῖα φίλος πόδες, οὐδέ τι χεῖρες","translation":"for my limbs and dear feet are firm no longer, and my hands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l627.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδα","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"my dear"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπαΐσσονται","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"χεῖρες","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπαΐσσονται","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b23-l628","source":"ὤμων ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἐπαΐσσονται ἐλαφραί.","translation":"no longer dart lightly from either shoulder.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l628.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπαΐσσονται","gloss":"from my shoulders"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπαΐσσονται","gloss":"on either side"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐσσονται","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dart"},{"surface":"ἐλαφραί","lemma":"ἐλαφρός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lightly"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b23-l629","source":"εἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι βίη τέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη","translation":"If only I were young as once, and my strength were firm,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l629.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι βίη τέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη","title":"A wish for lost youth","body":"εἴθε introduces a wish, and the optatives ἡβώοιμι and εἴη show that Nestor's youth and strength belong to an unattainable past."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέ","gloss":"as once"},{"surface":"ἡβώοιμι","lemma":"ἡβάω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I were young"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδος","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b23-l630","source":"ὡς ὁπότε κρείοντʼ Ἀμαρυγκέα θάπτον Ἐπειοὶ","translation":"as when the Epeians buried lord Amarynceus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l630.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"ὁπότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κρείοντ","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀμαρυγκέα","gloss":"the lord"},{"surface":"Ἀμαρυγκέα","lemma":"Ἀμαρυγκεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θάπτον","gloss":"Amarynceus"},{"surface":"θάπτον","lemma":"θάπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"they buried"},{"surface":"Ἐπειοὶ","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θάπτον","gloss":"the Epeians"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b23-l631","source":"Βουπρασίῳ, παῖδες δʼ ἔθεσαν βασιλῆος ἄεθλα·","translation":"at Buprasium, and the king's sons set out the prizes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Βουπρασίῳ","lemma":"Βουπράσιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to θάπτον","gloss":"at Buprasium"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθεσαν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθεσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"of the king"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθεσαν","gloss":"prizes"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b23-l632","source":"ἔνθʼ οὔ τίς μοι ὁμοῖος ἀνὴρ γένετʼ, οὔτʼ ἄρʼ Ἐπειῶν","translation":"There no man proved my equal, neither among the Epeians","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"any man"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὁμοῖος","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖος","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"proved"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἐπειῶν","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"among the Epeians"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b23-l633","source":"οὔτʼ αὐτῶν Πυλίων οὔτʼ Αἰτωλῶν μεγαθύμων.","translation":"nor among the Pylians themselves nor the great-hearted Aetolians.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Πυλίων","gloss":"themselves","note":"Intensive (not reflexive) use of αὐτός agreeing with Πυλίων."},{"surface":"Πυλίων","lemma":"Πύλιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"complement","gloss":"the Pylians","note":"Genitive of comparison depending on ὁμοῖος ('my equal') in the preceding verse (23.632, 'no man proved my equal, neither among the Epeians'); coordinate with Ἐπειῶν there, its governing word does not appear in this segment."},{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Αἰτωλῶν","lemma":"Αἰτωλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"complement","gloss":"the Aetolians","note":"Continues the same genitive-of-comparison construction as Πυλίων, depending on ὁμοῖος in 23.632."},{"surface":"μεγαθύμων","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰτωλῶν","gloss":"great-hearted"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b23-l634","source":"πὺξ μὲν ἐνίκησα Κλυτομήδεα Ἤνοπος υἱόν,","translation":"With my fists I beat Clytomedes, son of Enops;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l634.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὺξ","lemma":"πύξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνίκησα","gloss":"at boxing"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνίκησα","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I defeated"},{"surface":"Κλυτομήδεα","lemma":"Κλυτομήδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνίκησα","gloss":"Clytomedes"},{"surface":"Ἤνοπος","lemma":"Ἦνοψ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"of Enops"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Κλυτομήδεα","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b23-l635","source":"Ἀγκαῖον δὲ πάλῃ Πλευρώνιον, ὅς μοι ἀνέστη·","translation":"at wrestling, Ancaeus of Pleuron, who rose against me;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l635.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀγκαῖον","lemma":"Ἀγκαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Ancaeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάλῃ","lemma":"πάλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at wrestling"},{"surface":"Πλευρώνιον","lemma":"Πλευρώνιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγκαῖον","gloss":"of Pleuron"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέστη","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέστη","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀγκαῖον","gloss":"rose"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b23-l636","source":"Ἴφικλον δὲ πόδεσσι παρέδραμον ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα,","translation":"and on foot I outran Iphiclus, good though he was;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴφικλον","lemma":"Ἴφικλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρέδραμον","gloss":"Iphiclus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόδεσσι","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρέδραμον","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"παρέδραμον","lemma":"παρατρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I outran"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"though he was"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b23-l637","source":"δουρὶ δʼ ὑπειρέβαλον Φυλῆά τε καὶ Πολύδωρον.","translation":"with the spear I outthrew both Phyleus and Polydorus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπειρέβαλον","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπειρέβαλον","lemma":"ὑπερβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"outthrew"},{"surface":"Φυλῆά","lemma":"Φυλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Phyleus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πολύδωρον","lemma":"Πολύδωρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Polydorus"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b23-l638","source":"οἴοισίν μʼ ἵπποισι παρήλασαν Ἀκτορίωνε","translation":"Only with their horses did the twin sons of Actor pass me,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l638.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴοισίν","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρήλασαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἵπποισι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρήλασαν","gloss":"with horses"},{"surface":"παρήλασαν","lemma":"παρελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"Ἀκτορίωνε","lemma":"Ἀκτορίων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of παρήλασαν","gloss":"sons of Actor"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b23-l639","source":"πλήθει πρόσθε βαλόντες ἀγασσάμενοι περὶ νίκης,","translation":"pressing ahead through weight of numbers and fiercely eager for victory,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλήθει","lemma":"πλῆθος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παρήλασαν","gloss":"by numbers"},{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βαλόντες","gloss":"ahead"},{"surface":"βαλόντες","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to παρήλασαν","gloss":"pulling ahead"},{"surface":"ἀγασσάμενοι","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to παρήλασαν","gloss":"eagerly striving"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νίκης","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b23-l640","source":"οὕνεκα δὴ τὰ μέγιστα παρʼ αὐτόθι λείπετʼ ἄεθλα.","translation":"because the greatest prizes had been left there for that event.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μέγιστα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λείπετ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λείπετ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"were left"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λείπετ̓","gloss":"prizes"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b23-l641","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔσαν δίδυμοι· ὃ μὲν ἔμπεδον ἡνιόχευεν,","translation":"They were twins: one kept firmly to the reins,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l641.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οἳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔσαν δίδυμοι","title":"The paired charioteers","body":"The plural δίδυμοι identifies the brothers as twins, while the following balanced clauses divide the work of their shared chariot between them."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they were"},{"surface":"δίδυμοι","lemma":"δίδυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"twins"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἡνιόχεὐ","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἡνιόχευεν","gloss":"firmly"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχευεν","lemma":"ἡνιοχεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b23-l642","source":"ἔμπεδον ἡνιόχευʼ, ὃ δʼ ἄρα μάστιγι κέλευεν.","translation":"firmly he held the reins, while the other urged them with the whip.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἡνιόχεὐ","gloss":"firmly"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχευ","lemma":"ἡνιοχεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλευεν","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάστιγι","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κέλευεν","gloss":"with a whip"},{"surface":"κέλευεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he urged them"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b23-l643","source":"ὥς ποτʼ ἔον· νῦν αὖτε νεώτεροι ἀντιοώντων","translation":"Such was I once; but now let younger men undertake","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔον","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἔον","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀντιοώντων","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"νεώτεροι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"subject of ἀντιοώντων","gloss":"younger men"},{"surface":"ἀντιοώντων","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"undertake"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b23-l644","source":"ἔργων τοιούτων· ἐμὲ δὲ χρὴ γήραϊ λυγρῷ","translation":"such deeds. I must submit to grievous old age,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργων","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀντιοώντων","gloss":"of deeds"},{"surface":"τοιούτων","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργων","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πείθεσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I must"},{"surface":"γήραϊ","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πείθεσθαι","gloss":"to old age"},{"surface":"λυγρῷ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γήραϊ","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b23-l645","source":"πείθεσθαι, τότε δʼ αὖτε μετέπρεπον ἡρώεσσιν.","translation":"though then I stood preeminent among heroes.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l645.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πείθεσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of χρὴ","gloss":"to submit"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέπρεπον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μετέπρεπον","lemma":"μεταπρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I stood out"},{"surface":"ἡρώεσσιν","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετέπρεπον","gloss":"among heroes"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b23-l646","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴθι καὶ σὸν ἑταῖρον ἀέθλοισι κτερέϊζε.","translation":"But go now and honor your companion with funeral contests.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l646.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κτερέϊζε","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"ἀέθλοισι","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κτερέϊζε","gloss":"with funeral games"},{"surface":"κτερέϊζε","lemma":"κτερείζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honor with rites"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b23-l647","source":"τοῦτο δʼ ἐγὼ πρόφρων δέχομαι, χαίρει δέ μοι ἦτορ,","translation":"I accept this gladly, and my heart rejoices","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l647.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of δέχομαι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέχομαι","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wholeheartedly"},{"surface":"δέχομαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I accept"},{"surface":"χαίρει","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoices"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of χαίρει","gloss":"my heart"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b23-l648","source":"ὥς μευ ἀεὶ μέμνησαι ἐνηέος, οὐδέ σε λήθω,","translation":"that you always remember my kindness and I do not escape your notice,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l648.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μέμνησαι","title":"A perfect of continuing memory","body":"μέμνησαι is perfect in form but present in force: Achilles has remembered Nestor and continues to hold him in mind."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μέμνησαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμνησαι","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"μέμνησαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"you remember"},{"surface":"ἐνηέος","lemma":"ἐνηής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λήθω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"λήθω","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"I escape notice"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b23-l649","source":"τιμῆς ἧς τέ μʼ ἔοικε τετιμῆσθαι μετʼ Ἀχαιοῖς.","translation":"nor the honor with which it is fitting that I be honored among the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l649.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τιμῆς","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"of honor"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τετιμῆσθαι","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τετιμῆσθαι","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τιμῆς","gloss":"it is fitting"},{"surface":"τετιμῆσθαι","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔοικε","gloss":"to be honored"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"among the Achaeans"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b23-l650","source":"σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδʼ ἀντὶ χάριν μενοεικέα δοῖεν.","translation":"May the gods grant you heart-gladdening favor in return for this.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l650.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δοῖεν","title":"An optative blessing","body":"δοῖεν is an aorist optative expressing Nestor's wish that the gods repay Achilles with welcome favor."}],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοῖεν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δοῖεν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"τῶνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀντὶ","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἀντὶ","lemma":"ἀντί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in return for"},{"surface":"χάριν","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δοῖεν","gloss":"favor"},{"surface":"μενοεικέα","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χάριν","gloss":"heart-gladdening"},{"surface":"δοῖεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may grant"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b23-l651","source":"ὣς φάτο, Πηλεΐδης δὲ πολὺν καθʼ ὅμιλον Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"So he spoke, and Peleus' son went through the great throng of Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καθ̓","gloss":"through the throng"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b23-l652","source":"ᾤχετʼ, ἐπεὶ πάντʼ αἶνον ἐπέκλυε Νηλεΐδαο.","translation":"after he had heard the whole praise of Neleus' son.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχετ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέκλυε","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἶνον","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"αἶνον","lemma":"αἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέκλυε","gloss":"praise"},{"surface":"ἐπέκλυε","lemma":"ἐπικλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Νηλεΐδαο","lemma":"Νηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἶνον","gloss":"of Neleus' son"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b23-l653","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ πυγμαχίης ἀλεγεινῆς θῆκεν ἄεθλα·","translation":"Then he set out prizes for painful boxing:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θῆκεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"πυγμαχίης","lemma":"πυγμαχία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"boxing"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινῆς","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πυγμαχίης","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"as prizes"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b23-l654","source":"ἡμίονον ταλαεργὸν ἄγων κατέδησʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι","translation":"he led in and tethered a strong work-mule in the gathering,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l654.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμίονον","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατέδησ̓","gloss":"a mule"},{"surface":"ταλαεργὸν","lemma":"ταλαεργός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμίονον","gloss":"hard-working"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέδησ̓","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"κατέδησ","lemma":"καταδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he tethered"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the gathering"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b23-l655","source":"ἑξέτεʼ ἀδμήτην, ἥ τʼ ἀλγίστη δαμάσασθαι·","translation":"six years old and unbroken, the hardest age to tame;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l655.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑξέτεʼ ἀδμήτην","title":"Six years old and unbroken","body":"ἑξέτεα gives the mule's age, while ἀδμήτην means not yet broken or brought under the yoke. Her maturity makes her both valuable and especially hard to train."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξέτε","lemma":"ἑξέτης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμίονον","gloss":"six years old"},{"surface":"ἀδμήτην","lemma":"ἄδμητος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμίονον","gloss":"unbroken"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλγίστη","lemma":"ἀλγίων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hardest"},{"surface":"δαμάσασθαι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to subdue"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b23-l656","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρα νικηθέντι τίθει δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον.","translation":"and for the man defeated he set a two-handled cup.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l656.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"for the man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νικηθέντι","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies τῷ","gloss":"defeated"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"a cup"},{"surface":"ἀμφικύπελλον","lemma":"ἀμφικύπελλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"two-handled"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b23-l657","source":"στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"He stood upright and spoke a word among the Argives:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l657.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρθὸς","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b23-l658","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, and you other well-greaved Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b23-l659","source":"ἄνδρε δύω περὶ τῶνδε κελεύομεν, ὥ περ ἀρίστω,","translation":"we call upon the two best men to contend for these prizes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l659.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄνδρε δύω","title":"Exactly two boxers","body":"ἄνδρε is dual and δύω makes the number explicit. The grammar narrows the open challenge to a single matched pair of boxers."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρε","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of κελεύομεν","gloss":"two men"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄνδρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τῶνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"these prizes"},{"surface":"κελεύομεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we call"},{"surface":"ὥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀρίστω","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b23-l660","source":"πὺξ μάλʼ ἀνασχομένω πεπληγέμεν· ᾧ δέ κʼ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"to raise their fists high and strike. Whichever man Apollo","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l660.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὺξ","lemma":"πύξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπληγέμεν","gloss":"at boxing"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνασχομένω","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀνασχομένω","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to πεπληγέμεν","gloss":"having raised"},{"surface":"πεπληγέμεν","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κελεύομεν","gloss":"to strike"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δώῃ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b23-l661","source":"δώῃ καμμονίην, γνώωσι δὲ πάντες Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"grants endurance, and all the Achaeans recognize,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l661.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"καμμονίην","title":"Endurance under blows","body":"καμμονίη is steadfast endurance, the power to hold out under punishment. Achilles presents it as Apollo's gift to the eventual winner."}],"words":[{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"grants"},{"surface":"καμμονίην","lemma":"καμμονίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"endurance"},{"surface":"γνώωσι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"may recognize"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of γνώωσι","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b23-l662","source":"ἡμίονον ταλαεργὸν ἄγων κλισίην δὲ νεέσθω·","translation":"let him lead the strong work-mule back to his hut;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l662.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμίονον","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"the mule"},{"surface":"ταλαεργὸν","lemma":"ταλαεργός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμίονον","gloss":"hard-working"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νεέσθω","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of νεέσθω","gloss":"to his hut"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεέσθω","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him return"}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b23-l663","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ νικηθεὶς δέπας οἴσεται ἀμφικύπελλον.","translation":"but the defeated man shall carry off the two-handled cup.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἴσεται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"νικηθεὶς","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ὃ","gloss":"defeated"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οἴσεται","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"οἴσεται","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will carry off"},{"surface":"ἀμφικύπελλον","lemma":"ἀμφικύπελλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"two-handled"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b23-l664","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὄρνυτο δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀνὴρ ἠΰς τε μέγας τε","translation":"So he spoke, and at once a good and mighty man arose,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἠΰς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b23-l665","source":"εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης υἱὸς Πανοπῆος Ἐπειός,","translation":"skilled in boxing, Epeius, son of Panopeus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰδὼς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"skilled in"},{"surface":"πυγμαχίης","lemma":"πυγμαχία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδὼς","gloss":"boxing"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἐπειός","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Πανοπῆος","lemma":"Πανοπεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Panopeus"},{"surface":"Ἐπειός","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Epeius"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b23-l666","source":"ἅψατο δʼ ἡμιόνου ταλαεργοῦ φώνησέν τε·","translation":"He laid hold of the strong work-mule and called aloud:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l666.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅψατο","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he took hold"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνου","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἅψατο","gloss":"of the mule"},{"surface":"ταλαεργοῦ","lemma":"ταλαεργός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμιόνου","gloss":"hard-working"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called aloud"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b23-l667","source":"ἆσσον ἴτω ὅς τις δέπας οἴσεται ἀμφικύπελλον·","translation":"\"Let whoever will carry off the two-handled cup come near.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l667.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴτω","gloss":"closer"},{"surface":"ἴτω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let come"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἴσεται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οἴσεται","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"οἴσεται","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ἴτω","gloss":"will carry off"},{"surface":"ἀμφικύπελλον","lemma":"ἀμφικύπελλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"two-handled"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b23-l668","source":"ἡμίονον δʼ οὔ φημί τινʼ ἀξέμεν ἄλλον Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"I say that no other Achaean will lead away the mule","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l668.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμίονον","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀξέμεν","gloss":"the mule"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"φημί","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀξέμεν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀξέμεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φημί","gloss":"will lead away"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b23-l669","source":"πυγμῇ νικήσαντʼ, ἐπεὶ εὔχομαι εἶναι ἄριστος.","translation":"after beating me with his fists, for I claim to be the best.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυγμῇ","lemma":"πυγμή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νικήσαντ̓","gloss":"with fists"},{"surface":"νικήσαντ","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀξέμεν","gloss":"after defeating me"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I claim"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχομαι","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b23-l670","source":"ἦ οὐχ ἅλις ὅττι μάχης ἐπιδεύομαι; οὐδʼ ἄρα πως ἦν","translation":"Is it not enough that I fall short in battle? There is no way","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l670.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"is it not"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιδεύομαι","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"ἐπιδεύομαι","lemma":"ἐπιδέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"subject of ὅττι","gloss":"fall short"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was there"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b23-l671","source":"ἐν πάντεσσʼ ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα γενέσθαι.","translation":"for one man to become skilled in every kind of work.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l671.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πάντεσσ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργοισι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔργοισι","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"kinds of work"},{"surface":"δαήμονα","lemma":"δαήμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"φῶτα","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γενέσθαι","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"to become"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b23-l672","source":"ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·","translation":"For thus I tell you, and this shall be brought to pass:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l672.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέω","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐξερέω","lemma":"ἐξερέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall declare"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brought to pass"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b23-l673","source":"ἀντικρὺ χρόα τε ῥήξω σύν τʼ ὀστέʼ ἀράξω.","translation":"I shall split his flesh open and smash his bones together.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l673.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥήξω","gloss":"his flesh"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥήξω","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will split"},{"surface":"σύν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀστέ","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀράξω","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"ἀράξω","lemma":"ἀράσσω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will smash"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b23-l674","source":"κηδεμόνες δέ οἱ ἐνθάδʼ ἀολλέες αὖθι μενόντων,","translation":"Let his friends and caretakers wait here together,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l674.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κηδεμόνες","title":"Friends charged with his care","body":"κηδεμόνες are those responsible for another's care. Epeius grimly recasts the challenger's companions as the men who will have to carry him away."}],"words":[{"surface":"κηδεμόνες","lemma":"κηδεμών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μενόντων","gloss":"kinsmen"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κηδεμόνες","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενόντων","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενόντων","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"μενόντων","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait"}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b23-l675","source":"οἵ κέ μιν ἐξοίσουσιν ἐμῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶ δαμέντα.","translation":"so they may carry him out when he is broken beneath my hands.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξοίσουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξοίσουσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐξοίσουσιν","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κηδεμόνες","gloss":"carry out"},{"surface":"ἐμῇς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"δαμέντα","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"broken"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b23-l676","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ.","translation":"So he spoke, and they all fell hushed in silence;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l676.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they became"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b23-l677","source":"Εὐρύαλος δέ οἱ οἶος ἀνίστατο ἰσόθεος φὼς","translation":"and only Euryalus rose against him, a godlike man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύαλος","lemma":"Εὐρύαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Euryalus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνίστατο","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ἀνίστατο","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"ἰσόθεος","lemma":"ἰσόθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φὼς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"φὼς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b23-l678","source":"Μηκιστῆος υἱὸς Ταλαϊονίδαο ἄνακτος,","translation":"son of lord Mecisteus, the son of Talaus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηκιστῆος","lemma":"Μηκιστεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Mecisteus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρύαλος","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"Ταλαϊονίδαο","lemma":"Ταλαιονίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηκιστῆος","gloss":"son of Talaus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηκιστῆος","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b23-l679","source":"ὅς ποτε Θήβας δʼ ἦλθε δεδουπότος Οἰδιπόδαο","translation":"who once came to Thebes when Oedipus had fallen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l679.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Θήβας","lemma":"Θῆβαι","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to Thebes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Μηκιστῆος","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δεδουπότος","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"when he had fallen"},{"surface":"Οἰδιπόδαο","lemma":"Οἰδιπόδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάφον","gloss":"of Oedipus"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b23-l680","source":"ἐς τάφον· ἔνθα δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα Καδμείωνας.","translation":"to his funeral; there he defeated all the Cadmeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l680.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"τάφον","lemma":"τάφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"funeral"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνίκα","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Καδμείωνας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐνίκα","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defeated"},{"surface":"Καδμείωνας","lemma":"Καδμεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνίκα","gloss":"the Cadmeans"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b23-l681","source":"τὸν μὲν Τυδεΐδης δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἀμφεπονεῖτο","translation":"Diomedes, famed with the spear, attended Euryalus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l681.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφεπονεῖτο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφεπονεῖτο","gloss":"the son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κλυτὸς","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδεΐδης","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἀμφεπονεῖτο","lemma":"ἀμφιπονέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"attended"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b23-l682","source":"θαρσύνων ἔπεσιν, μέγα δʼ αὐτῷ βούλετο νίκην.","translation":"encouraging him with words and greatly desiring victory for him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαρσύνων","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφεπονεῖτο","gloss":"encouraging"},{"surface":"ἔπεσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to θαρσύνων","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βούλετο","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of βούλετο","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"βούλετο","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βούλετο","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b23-l683","source":"ζῶμα δέ οἱ πρῶτον παρακάββαλεν, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"First he cast a belt about him, and then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζῶμα","lemma":"ζῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παρακάββαλεν","gloss":"a belt"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρακάββαλεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to παρακάββαλεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"παρακάββαλεν","lemma":"παρακαταβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast about"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b23-l684","source":"δῶκεν ἱμάντας ἐϋτμήτους βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο.","translation":"gave him well-cut straps of a range-fed ox.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἱμάντας","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"straps"},{"surface":"ἐϋτμήτους","lemma":"ἐύτμητος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμάντας","gloss":"well-cut"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱμάντας","gloss":"of an ox"},{"surface":"ἀγραύλοιο","lemma":"ἄγραυλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοὸς","gloss":"range-fed"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b23-l685","source":"τὼ δὲ ζωσαμένω βήτην ἐς μέσσον ἀγῶνα,","translation":"The two girded themselves and went into the midst of the gathering,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l685.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βήτην","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζωσαμένω","lemma":"ζώννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βήτην","gloss":"having girded themselves"},{"surface":"βήτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"the two went"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγῶνα","gloss":"into the middle"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνα","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the gathering"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b23-l686","source":"ἄντα δʼ ἀνασχομένω χερσὶ στιβαρῇσιν ἅμʼ ἄμφω","translation":"and facing each other they raised their strong hands, both at once,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l686.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνασχομένω","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνασχομένω","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπεσον","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχομένω","gloss":"their hands"},{"surface":"στιβαρῇσιν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνασχομένω","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔπεσον","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b23-l687","source":"σύν ῥʼ ἔπεσον, σὺν δέ σφι βαρεῖαι χεῖρες ἔμιχθεν.","translation":"and fell together; their heavy hands crossed and mingled.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπεσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔμιχθεν","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"βαρεῖαι","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρες","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"χεῖρες","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμιχθεν","gloss":"their hands"},{"surface":"ἔμιχθεν","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they mingled"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b23-l688","source":"δεινὸς δὲ χρόμαδος γενύων γένετʼ, ἔρρεε δʼ ἱδρὼς","translation":"A terrible crashing rose from their jaws, and sweat ran","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸς","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρόμαδος","lemma":"χρόμαδος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"crashing"},{"surface":"γενύων","lemma":"γένυς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies χρόμαδος","gloss":"of their jaws"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"ἔρρεε","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱδρὼς","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρρεε","gloss":"sweat"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b23-l689","source":"πάντοθεν ἐκ μελέων· ἐπὶ δʼ ὄρνυτο δῖος Ἐπειός,","translation":"from every limb. Then godlike Epeius sprang in","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοθεν","lemma":"πάντοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρρεε","gloss":"from every side"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μελέων","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπειός","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἐπειός","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυτο","gloss":"Epeius"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b23-l690","source":"κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν","translation":"and struck Euryalus on the cheek as he looked about; no longer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l690.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κόψε","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παπτήναντα","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"looking about"},{"surface":"παρήϊον","lemma":"παρήιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κόψε","gloss":"cheek"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκειν","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκειν","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b23-l691","source":"ἑστήκειν· αὐτοῦ γὰρ ὑπήριπε φαίδιμα γυῖα.","translation":"could he stand, for his splendid limbs collapsed beneath him.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστήκειν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remain standing"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπήριπε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὑπήριπε","lemma":"ὑπερείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"collapsed"},{"surface":"φαίδιμα","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ὑπήριπε","gloss":"his limbs"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b23-l692","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅθʼ ὑπὸ φρικὸς Βορέω ἀναπάλλεται ἰχθὺς","translation":"As when a fish leaps beneath the shuddering breath of Boreas","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"φρικὸς","lemma":"φρίξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"gust"},{"surface":"Βορέω","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φρικὸς","gloss":"of Boreas"},{"surface":"ἀναπάλλεται","lemma":"ἀναπάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"leaps up"},{"surface":"ἰχθὺς","lemma":"ἰχθύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀναπάλλεται","gloss":"fish"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b23-l693","source":"θίνʼ ἐν φυκιόεντι, μέλαν δέ ἑ κῦμα κάλυψεν,","translation":"beside a weed-strewn shore, and the dark wave covers it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l693.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θίν","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"φυκιόεντι","lemma":"φυκιόεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θίν̓","gloss":"weed-strewn"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κάλυψεν","gloss":"a wave"},{"surface":"κάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b23-l694","source":"ὣς πληγεὶς ἀνέπαλτʼ· αὐτὰρ μεγάθυμος Ἐπειὸς","translation":"so he sprang up when struck; but great-hearted Epeius","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέπαλτ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πληγεὶς","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέπαλτ̓","gloss":"when struck"},{"surface":"ἀνέπαλτ","lemma":"ἀναπάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang upward"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμος","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπειὸς","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἐπειὸς","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤρθωσε","gloss":"Epeius"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b23-l695","source":"χερσὶ λαβὼν ὤρθωσε· φίλοι δʼ ἀμφέσταν ἑταῖροι,","translation":"caught him in his hands and raised him. His dear companions gathered round","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l695.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"in his hands"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤρθωσε","gloss":"seizing him"},{"surface":"ὤρθωσε","lemma":"ὀρθόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"his dear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφέσταν","lemma":"ἀμφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they stood around"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφέσταν","gloss":"his companions"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b23-l696","source":"οἵ μιν ἄγον διʼ ἀγῶνος ἐφελκομένοισι πόδεσσιν","translation":"and led him through the gathering with his feet dragging,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄγον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑταῖροι","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνος","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"the gathering"},{"surface":"ἐφελκομένοισι","lemma":"ἐφέλκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies πόδεσσιν","gloss":"dragging"},{"surface":"πόδεσσιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγον","gloss":"with his feet"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b23-l697","source":"αἷμα παχὺ πτύοντα κάρη βάλλονθʼ ἑτέρωσε·","translation":"spitting thick blood, his head lolling to one side.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πτύοντα","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"παχὺ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"πτύοντα","lemma":"πτύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"spitting"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλλονθ̓","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"βάλλονθ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lolling"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωσε","lemma":"ἑτέρωσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βάλλονθ̓","gloss":"to one side"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b23-l698","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἀλλοφρονέοντα μετὰ σφίσιν εἷσαν ἄγοντες,","translation":"They led him away senseless and set him down among them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλοφρονέοντα","lemma":"ἀλλοφρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"senseless"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"σφίσιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"εἷσαν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set"},{"surface":"ἄγοντες","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷσαν","gloss":"led away"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b23-l699","source":"αὐτοὶ δʼ οἰχόμενοι κόμισαν δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον.","translation":"then went themselves and carried off the two-handled cup.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l699.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰχόμενοι","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κόμισαν","gloss":"going off"},{"surface":"κόμισαν","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried off"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κόμισαν","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ἀμφικύπελλον","lemma":"ἀμφικύπελλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"two-handled"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b23-l700","source":"Πηλεΐδης δʼ αἶψʼ ἄλλα κατὰ τρίτα θῆκεν ἄεθλα","translation":"Peleus' son quickly set out other prizes for the third contest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκεν","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θῆκεν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τρίτα","lemma":"τρίτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"prizes"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b23-l701","source":"δεικνύμενος Δαναοῖσι παλαισμοσύνης ἀλεγεινῆς,","translation":"showing the Danaans the prizes for painful wrestling:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l701.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεικνύμενος","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκεν","gloss":"showing"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δεικνύμενος","gloss":"to the Danaans"},{"surface":"παλαισμοσύνης","lemma":"παλαισμοσύνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"wrestling"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινῆς","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παλαισμοσύνης","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b23-l702","source":"τῷ μὲν νικήσαντι μέγαν τρίποδʼ ἐμπυριβήτην,","translation":"for the winner, a great tripod made to stand over the fire,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for the man"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νικήσαντι","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies τῷ","gloss":"winner"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδ̓","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τρίποδ","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a tripod"},{"surface":"ἐμπυριβήτην","lemma":"ἐμπυριβήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδ̓","gloss":"standing over fire"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b23-l703","source":"τὸν δὲ δυωδεκάβοιον ἐνὶ σφίσι τῖον Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"which the Achaeans among them valued at twelve oxen;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τῖον","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δυωδεκάβοιον","lemma":"δυωδεκάβοιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"worth twelve oxen"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"σφίσι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"τῖον","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"valued"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τῖον","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b23-l704","source":"ἀνδρὶ δὲ νικηθέντι γυναῖκʼ ἐς μέσσον ἔθηκε,","translation":"and for the man defeated he placed a woman in their midst,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"for a man"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νικηθέντι","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"defeated"},{"surface":"γυναῖκ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"a woman"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the midst"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he placed"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b23-l705","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ἐπίστατο ἔργα, τίον δέ ἑ τεσσαράβοιον.","translation":"skilled in many tasks, and they valued her at four oxen.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίστατο","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she knew"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπίστατο","gloss":"many tasks"},{"surface":"τίον","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they valued"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τίον","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"τεσσαράβοιον","lemma":"τεσσαράβοιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"worth four oxen"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b23-l706","source":"στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"He stood upright and spoke a word among the Argives:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρθὸς","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b23-l707","source":"ὄρνυσθʼ οἳ καὶ τούτου ἀέθλου πειρήσεσθον.","translation":"\"Rise, you two who will make trial of this contest.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l707.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πειρήσεσθον","title":"A command to two","body":"πειρήσεσθον is second-person dual, addressing exactly the two men who will try the wrestling contest."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνυσθ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πειρήσεσθον","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τούτου","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀέθλου","gloss":"of this"},{"surface":"ἀέθλου","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πειρήσεσθον","gloss":"of the contest"},{"surface":"πειρήσεσθον","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"will make trial"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b23-l708","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας,","translation":"So he spoke, and then great Ajax, son of Telamon, arose,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l708.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Telamon"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b23-l709","source":"ἂν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς πολύμητις ἀνίστατο κέρδεα εἰδώς.","translation":"and Odysseus of many wiles stood up, skilled in cunning.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l709.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνίστατο","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"ἀνίστατο","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"κέρδεα","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"knowing"}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b23-l710","source":"ζωσαμένω δʼ ἄρα τώ γε βάτην ἐς μέσσον ἀγῶνα,","translation":"The two girded themselves and went into the midst of the gathering,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωσαμένω","lemma":"ζώννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βάτην","gloss":"having girded themselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάτην","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"βάτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"the two went"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγῶνα","gloss":"into the middle"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνα","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the gathering"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b23-l711","source":"ἀγκὰς δʼ ἀλλήλων λαβέτην χερσὶ στιβαρῇσιν","translation":"and locked their arms about each other with their strong hands,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l711.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγκὰς","lemma":"ἀγκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαβέτην","gloss":"arm in arm"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of λαβέτην","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"λαβέτην","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβέτην","gloss":"with their hands"},{"surface":"στιβαρῇσιν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"strong"}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b23-l712","source":"ὡς ὅτʼ ἀμείβοντες, τούς τε κλυτὸς ἤραρε τέκτων","translation":"like rafters that a famed craftsman fits together","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l712.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἀμείβοντες","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"crossing rafters"},{"surface":"τούς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤραρε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τέκτων","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἤραρε","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀμείβοντες","gloss":"fits"},{"surface":"τέκτων","lemma":"τέκτων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤραρε","gloss":"craftsman"}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b23-l713","source":"δώματος ὑψηλοῖο βίας ἀνέμων ἀλεείνων.","translation":"for a high house, to ward off the force of winds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l713.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώματος","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τούς","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖο","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματος","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"βίας","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνων","gloss":"the force"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βίας","gloss":"of the winds"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνων","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤραρε","gloss":"warding off"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b23-l714","source":"τετρίγει δʼ ἄρα νῶτα θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν","translation":"and their backs cracked beneath the force of their bold hands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l714.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τετρίγει","lemma":"τρίζω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were cracking"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τετρίγει","gloss":"their backs"},{"surface":"θρασειάων","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"their hands"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b23-l715","source":"ἑλκόμενα στερεῶς· κατὰ δὲ νότιος ῥέεν ἱδρώς,","translation":"as they were dragged hard; wet sweat streamed down,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l715.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑλκόμενα","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to τετρίγει","gloss":"being pulled"},{"surface":"στερεῶς","lemma":"στερεός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑλκόμενα","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νότιος","lemma":"νότιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱδρώς","gloss":"wet"},{"surface":"ῥέεν","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"streamed"},{"surface":"ἱδρώς","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ῥέεν","gloss":"sweat"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b23-l716","source":"πυκναὶ δὲ σμώδιγγες ἀνὰ πλευράς τε καὶ ὤμους","translation":"and thick welts, red with blood, sprang up","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l716.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυκναὶ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σμώδιγγες","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σμώδιγγες","lemma":"σμῶδιξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέδραμον","gloss":"welts"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πλευράς","lemma":"πλευρά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ribs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμους","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b23-l717","source":"αἵματι φοινικόεσσαι ἀνέδραμον· οἳ δὲ μάλʼ αἰεὶ","translation":"over their ribs and shoulders. Still the two kept straining","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l717.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to φοινικόεσσαι","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"φοινικόεσσαι","lemma":"φοινικόεις","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σμώδιγγες","gloss":"crimson"},{"surface":"ἀνέδραμον","lemma":"ἀνατρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱέσθην","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱέσθην","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱέσθην","gloss":"continually"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b23-l718","source":"νίκης ἱέσθην τρίποδος πέρι ποιητοῖο·","translation":"for victory and the well-wrought tripod.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l718.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίκης","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱέσθην","gloss":"for victory"},{"surface":"ἱέσθην","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"straining for"},{"surface":"τρίποδος","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέρι","gloss":"of the tripod"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ποιητοῖο","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδος","gloss":"well-wrought"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b23-l719","source":"οὔτʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δύνατο σφῆλαι οὔδει τε πελάσσαι,","translation":"Odysseus could neither trip Ajax nor bring him to the ground,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύνατο","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δύνατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"σφῆλαι","lemma":"σφάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"trip"},{"surface":"οὔδει","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πελάσσαι","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πελάσσαι","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to bring"}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b23-l720","source":"οὔτʼ Αἴας δύνατο, κρατερὴ δʼ ἔχεν ἲς Ὀδυσῆος.","translation":"nor could Ajax do so, for the mighty strength of Odysseus held firm.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l720.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύνατο","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δύνατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"κρατερὴ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held firm"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":721,"label":"721","id":"b23-l721","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἀνίαζον ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"But when at last they began to weary the well-greaved Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l721.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνίαζον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀνίαζον","lemma":"ἀνιάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τότε","gloss":"were wearying"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδας","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνίαζον","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b23-l722","source":"δὴ τότε μιν προσέειπε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·","translation":"then great Ajax, son of Telamon, addressed Odysseus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l722.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Telamon"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b23-l723","source":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ","translation":"\"Odysseus, son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, of many devices,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l723.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"sprung from Zeus"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδη","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"πολυμήχαν","lemma":"πολυμήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"of many devices"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b23-l724","source":"ἤ μʼ ἀνάειρʼ, ἢ ἐγὼ σέ· τὰ δʼ αὖ Διὶ πάντα μελήσει.","translation":"either lift me, or I shall lift you; all this will rest with Zeus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l724.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνάειῤ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀνάειρ","lemma":"ἀναείρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lift"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of μελήσει","gloss":"these matters"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μελήσει","gloss":"for Zeus"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μελήσει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be his concern"}]},{"number":725,"label":"725","id":"b23-l725","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἀνάειρε· δόλου δʼ οὐ λήθετʼ Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"So saying, he lifted him; but Odysseus did not forget his cunning.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l725.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνάειρε","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀνάειρε","lemma":"ἀναείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted up"},{"surface":"δόλου","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λήθετ̓","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"λήθετ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not forget"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λήθετ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":726,"label":"726","id":"b23-l726","source":"κόψʼ ὄπιθεν κώληπα τυχών, ὑπέλυσε δὲ γυῖα,","translation":"He struck the hollow behind Ajax's knee, loosed his limbs beneath him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l726.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κώληπα","title":"The hollow behind the knee","body":"κώληψ is the hollow or tendon area at the back of the knee. Odysseus attacks this vulnerable joint to break the larger man's stance."}],"words":[{"surface":"κόψ","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κόψ̓","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"κώληπα","lemma":"κώληψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κόψ̓","gloss":"hollow behind knee"},{"surface":"τυχών","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κόψ̓","gloss":"finding his mark"},{"surface":"ὑπέλυσε","lemma":"ὑπολύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπέλυσε","gloss":"his limbs"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b23-l727","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἔβαλʼ ἐξοπίσω· ἐπὶ δὲ στήθεσσιν Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"and threw him backward; Odysseus came down upon his chest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l727.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβαλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw him"},{"surface":"ἐξοπίσω","lemma":"ἐξοπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔβαλ̓","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down upon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάππεσε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":728,"label":"728","id":"b23-l728","source":"κάππεσε· λαοὶ δʼ αὖ θηεῦντό τε θάμβησάν τε.","translation":"and he fell down; the people looked on in wonder and amazement.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l728.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάππεσε","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell down"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"θηεῦντό","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάμβησάν","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were amazed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b23-l729","source":"δεύτερος αὖτʼ ἀνάειρε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"Then in turn much-enduring godlike Odysseus lifted Ajax,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l729.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερος","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἀνάειρε","lemma":"ἀναείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted up"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνάειρε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b23-l730","source":"κίνησεν δʼ ἄρα τυτθὸν ἀπὸ χθονός, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἄειρεν,","translation":"and shifted him a little from the ground, but did not lift him clear;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κίνησεν","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shifted him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κίνησεν","gloss":"only a little"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χθονός","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"ἄειρεν","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted him"}]},{"number":731,"label":"731","id":"b23-l731","source":"ἐν δὲ γόνυ γνάμψεν· ἐπὶ δὲ χθονὶ κάππεσον ἄμφω","translation":"his knee bent beneath him, and both fell to the ground","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l731.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"inward"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γόνυ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of γνάμψεν","gloss":"his knee"},{"surface":"γνάμψεν","lemma":"γνάμπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"κάππεσον","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of κάππεσον","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":732,"label":"732","id":"b23-l732","source":"πλησίοι ἀλλήλοισι, μιάνθησαν δὲ κονίῃ.","translation":"close beside each other, and were stained with dust.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l732.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλησίοι","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"close beside"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to πλησίοι","gloss":"with each other"},{"surface":"μιάνθησαν","lemma":"μιαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were stained"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κονίῃ","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μιάνθησαν","gloss":"with the dust"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b23-l733","source":"καί νύ κε τὸ τρίτον αὖτις ἀναΐξαντʼ ἐπάλαιον,","translation":"And now they would have sprung up and wrestled a third time,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l733.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies τρίτον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τρίτον","lemma":"τρίτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπάλαιον","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναΐξαντ̓","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξαντ","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπάλαιον","gloss":"springing up"},{"surface":"ἐπάλαιον","lemma":"παλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have wrestled"}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b23-l734","source":"εἰ μὴ Ἀχιλλεὺς αὐτὸς ἀνίστατο καὶ κατέρυκε·","translation":"had Achilles himself not risen and held them back:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l734.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀνίστατο","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"had risen"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατέρυκε","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"held them back"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b23-l735","source":"μηκέτʼ ἐρείδεσθον, μὴ δὲ τρίβεσθε κακοῖσι·","translation":"\"Strain against each other no longer, and do not wear yourselves down with pain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l735.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μηκέτ","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρείδεσθον","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἐρείδεσθον","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strain against each other"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρίβεσθε","lemma":"τρίβω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wear yourselves down"},{"surface":"κακοῖσι","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τρίβεσθε","gloss":"with pain"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b23-l736","source":"νίκη δʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν· ἀέθλια δʼ ἶσʼ ἀνελόντες","translation":"Victory belongs to both; take equal prizes","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίκη","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to both"},{"surface":"ἀέθλια","lemma":"ἀέθλιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνελόντες","gloss":"prizes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἶσ","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀέθλια","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἀνελόντες","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεσθ̓","gloss":"having taken"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b23-l737","source":"ἔρχεσθʼ, ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλοι ἀεθλεύωσιν Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"and go, so that the other Achaeans too may compete.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l737.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"ἀεθλεύωσιν","lemma":"ἀθλεύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may compete"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀεθλεύωσιν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b23-l738","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο,","translation":"So he spoke, and they listened closely and obeyed him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l738.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλύον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλύον","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλύον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίθοντο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b23-l739","source":"καί ῥʼ ἀπομορξαμένω κονίην δύσαντο χιτῶνας.","translation":"Then, wiping off the dust, the two put on their tunics.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπομορξαμένω","lemma":"ἀπομόργνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to δύσαντο","gloss":"wiping away"},{"surface":"κονίην","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπομορξαμένω","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"δύσαντο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"χιτῶνας","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δύσαντο","gloss":"tunics"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b23-l740","source":"Πηλεΐδης δʼ αἶψʼ ἄλλα τίθει ταχυτῆτος ἄεθλα","translation":"At once the son of Peleus set out other prizes for speed:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l740.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τίθει","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was setting"},{"surface":"ταχυτῆτος","lemma":"ταχυτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"of speed"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"prizes"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b23-l741","source":"ἀργύρεον κρητῆρα τετυγμένον· ἓξ δʼ ἄρα μέτρα","translation":"a wrought silver mixing bowl; six measures","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l741.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργύρεον","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κρητῆρα","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"κρητῆρα","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a mixing bowl"},{"surface":"τετυγμένον","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies κρητῆρα","gloss":"wrought"},{"surface":"ἓξ","lemma":"ἕξ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies μέτρα","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέτρα","lemma":"μέτρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χάνδανεν","gloss":"measures"}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b23-l742","source":"χάνδανεν, αὐτὰρ κάλλει ἐνίκα πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν","translation":"it held, and in beauty it surpassed all others across the earth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάνδανεν","lemma":"χανδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"κάλλει","lemma":"κάλλος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνίκα","gloss":"in beauty"},{"surface":"ἐνίκα","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surpassed"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶαν","gloss":"all the rest"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"αἶαν","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b23-l743","source":"πολλόν, ἐπεὶ Σιδόνες πολυδαίδαλοι εὖ ἤσκησαν,","translation":"by far, for the skilled craftsmen of Sidon had fashioned it well.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλόν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνίκα","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Σιδόνες","lemma":"Σιδόνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤσκησαν","gloss":"Sidonians"},{"surface":"πολυδαίδαλοι","lemma":"πολυδαίδαλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σιδόνες","gloss":"skilled craftsmen"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤσκησαν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἤσκησαν","lemma":"ἀσκέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"fashioned"}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b23-l744","source":"Φοίνικες δʼ ἄγον ἄνδρες ἐπʼ ἠεροειδέα πόντον,","translation":"Phoenician men carried it over the misty sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l744.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φοίνικες","lemma":"Φοῖνιξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"Phoenicians"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδέα","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"misty"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b23-l745","source":"στῆσαν δʼ ἐν λιμένεσσι, Θόαντι δὲ δῶρον ἔδωκαν·","translation":"put in at the harbors, and gave it as a gift to Thoas;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l745.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆσαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"put in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λιμένεσσι","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"harbors"},{"surface":"Θόαντι","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκαν","gloss":"to Thoas"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῶρον","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as a gift"},{"surface":"ἔδωκαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b23-l746","source":"υἷος δὲ Πριάμοιο Λυκάονος ὦνον ἔδωκε","translation":"and as the price for Priam's son Lycaon","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l746.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λυκάονος","gloss":"of the son"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷος","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὦνον","gloss":"of Lycaon"},{"surface":"ὦνον","lemma":"ὦνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the purchase price"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":747,"label":"747","id":"b23-l747","source":"Πατρόκλῳ ἥρωϊ Ἰησονίδης Εὔνηος.","translation":"Euneus, son of Jason, gave it to the hero Patroclus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l747.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἥρωϊ","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλῳ","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"Ἰησονίδης","lemma":"Ἰησονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔνηος","gloss":"son of Jason"},{"surface":"Εὔνηος","lemma":"Εὔνηος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"Euneus"}]},{"number":748,"label":"748","id":"b23-l748","source":"καὶ τὸν Ἀχιλλεὺς θῆκεν ἄεθλον οὗ ἑτάροιο,","translation":"Achilles now set it as a prize in honor of his companion,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l748.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροιο","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἑτάροιο","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"of his companion"}]},{"number":749,"label":"749","id":"b23-l749","source":"ὅς τις ἐλαφρότατος ποσσὶ κραιπνοῖσι πέλοιτο·","translation":"for whoever proved lightest upon his swift feet;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l749.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέλοιτο","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"ἐλαφρότατος","lemma":"ἐλαφρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lightest"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέλοιτο","gloss":"on his feet"},{"surface":"κραιπνοῖσι","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"πέλοιτο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"might prove"}]},{"number":750,"label":"750","id":"b23-l750","source":"δευτέρῳ αὖ βοῦν θῆκε μέγαν καὶ πίονα δημῷ,","translation":"for the second he set a great ox, rich with fat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l750.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δευτέρῳ","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"for second place"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"an ox"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"δημῷ","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πίονα","gloss":"with fat"}]},{"number":751,"label":"751","id":"b23-l751","source":"ἡμιτάλαντον δὲ χρυσοῦ λοισθήϊʼ ἔθηκε.","translation":"and for the last he set half a talent of gold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l751.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμιτάλαντον","lemma":"ἡμιτάλαντον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"half a talent"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσοῦ","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡμιτάλαντον","gloss":"of gold"},{"surface":"λοισθήϊ","lemma":"λοισθήιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"for last place"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set"}]},{"number":752,"label":"752","id":"b23-l752","source":"στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"He stood upright and spoke a word among the Argives:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l752.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρθὸς","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":753,"label":"753","id":"b23-l753","source":"ὄρνυσθʼ οἳ καὶ τούτου ἀέθλου πειρήσεσθε.","translation":"\"Rise, you who will make trial of this contest.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l753.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀέθλου","title":"Athlos: the contest","body":"ἆθλος is the contest or feat undertaken for a prize, while ἄεθλον can also name the prize itself. Here Achilles summons runners to attempt the event."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνυσθ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πειρήσεσθε","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τούτου","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀέθλου","gloss":"of this"},{"surface":"ἀέθλου","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πειρήσεσθε","gloss":"of the contest"},{"surface":"πειρήσεσθε","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"will make trial"}]},{"number":754,"label":"754","id":"b23-l754","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὄρνυτο δʼ αὐτίκʼ Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας,","translation":"So he spoke, and swift Ajax, son of Oileus, sprang up at once,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l754.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Oileus"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυτο","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":755,"label":"755","id":"b23-l755","source":"ἂν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς πολύμητις, ἔπειτα δὲ Νέστορος υἱὸς","translation":"and Odysseus of many wiles rose, and then Nestor's son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l755.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Nestor's"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχος","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":756,"label":"756","id":"b23-l756","source":"Ἀντίλοχος· ὃ γὰρ αὖτε νέους ποσὶ πάντας ἐνίκα.","translation":"Antilochus, for he surpassed all the young men in speed of foot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l756.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνίκα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"νέους","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐνίκα","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνίκα","gloss":"in footspeed"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐνίκα","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surpassed"}]},{"number":757,"label":"757","id":"b23-l757","source":"στὰν δὲ μεταστοιχί· σήμηνε δὲ τέρματʼ Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"They stood in order, and Achilles showed them the finish.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l757.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στὰν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεταστοιχί","lemma":"μεταστοιχεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στὰν","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"σήμηνε","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marked"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέρματ","lemma":"τέρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of σήμηνε","gloss":"the finish"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σήμηνε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":758,"label":"758","id":"b23-l758","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἀπὸ νύσσης τέτατο δρόμος· ὦκα δʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"Their course stretched from the starting line; swiftly then","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l758.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τέτατο","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"νύσσης","lemma":"νύσσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"starting line"},{"surface":"τέτατο","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been stretched"},{"surface":"δρόμος","lemma":"δρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέτατο","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκφεῤ","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκφεῤ","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":759,"label":"759","id":"b23-l759","source":"ἔκφερʼ Ὀϊλιάδης· ἐπὶ δʼ ὄρνυτο δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"the son of Oileus drew ahead, and godlike Odysseus sprang after him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l759.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκφερ","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew ahead"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλιάδης","lemma":"Ὀιλιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκφεῤ","gloss":"son of Oileus"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυτο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":760,"label":"760","id":"b23-l760","source":"ἄγχι μάλʼ, ὡς ὅτε τίς τε γυναικὸς ἐϋζώνοιο","translation":"very close, as the loom-rod to the breast of a well-girdled woman","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l760.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κανών","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικὸς","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies στήθεός","gloss":"of a woman"},{"surface":"ἐϋζώνοιο","lemma":"εὔζωνος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναικὸς","gloss":"well-girdled"}]},{"number":761,"label":"761","id":"b23-l761","source":"στήθεός ἐστι κανών, ὅν τʼ εὖ μάλα χερσὶ τανύσσῃ","translation":"when she draws it carefully with her hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l761.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήθεός","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"of her breast"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"κανών","lemma":"κανών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"loom-rod"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τανύσσῃ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τανύσσῃ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τανύσσῃ","gloss":"with her hands"},{"surface":"τανύσσῃ","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"she draws"}]},{"number":762,"label":"762","id":"b23-l762","source":"πηνίον ἐξέλκουσα παρὲκ μίτον, ἀγχόθι δʼ ἴσχει","translation":"pulling the spool along the warp and holding it close","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l762.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πηνίον","lemma":"πηνίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξέλκουσα","gloss":"spool"},{"surface":"ἐξέλκουσα","lemma":"ἐξέλκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τανύσσῃ","gloss":"drawing out"},{"surface":"παρὲκ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"μίτον","lemma":"μίτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὲκ","gloss":"warp thread"},{"surface":"ἀγχόθι","lemma":"ἀγχόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"close to"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴσχει","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"holds"}]},{"number":763,"label":"763","id":"b23-l763","source":"στήθεος· ὣς Ὀδυσεὺς θέεν ἐγγύθεν, αὐτὰρ ὄπισθεν","translation":"to her breast; so Odysseus ran close behind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l763.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήθεος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγχόθι","gloss":"her breast"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θέεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"θέεν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέεν","gloss":"close behind"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὄπισθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τύπτε","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":764,"label":"764","id":"b23-l764","source":"ἴχνια τύπτε πόδεσσι πάρος κόνιν ἀμφιχυθῆναι·","translation":"and his feet struck Ajax's tracks before the dust could spread over them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l764.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴχνια","lemma":"ἴχνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τύπτε","gloss":"tracks"},{"surface":"τύπτε","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"πόδεσσι","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τύπτε","gloss":"with his feet"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"κόνιν","lemma":"κόνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφιχυθῆναι","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"ἀμφιχυθῆναι","lemma":"ἀμφιχέω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πάρος","gloss":"to spread around"}]},{"number":765,"label":"765","id":"b23-l765","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἄρα οἱ κεφαλῆς χέʼ ἀϋτμένα δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"Godlike Odysseus poured his breath down over Ajax's head","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l765.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down over"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κὰδ","gloss":"over his head"},{"surface":"χέ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"ἀϋτμένα","lemma":"ἀυτμή","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χέ̓","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χέ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":766,"label":"766","id":"b23-l766","source":"αἰεὶ ῥίμφα θέων· ἴαχον δʼ ἐπὶ πάντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"as he ran swiftly on; all the Achaeans shouted","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l766.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέων","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέων","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χέ̓","gloss":"as he ran"},{"surface":"ἴαχον","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"onward"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴαχον","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":767,"label":"767","id":"b23-l767","source":"νίκης ἱεμένῳ, μάλα δὲ σπεύδοντι κέλευον.","translation":"for him as he strove for victory, urging his great effort.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l767.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίκης","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱεμένῳ","gloss":"for victory"},{"surface":"ἱεμένῳ","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"striving"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σπεύδοντι","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπεύδοντι","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he hastened"},{"surface":"κέλευον","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged him on"}]},{"number":768,"label":"768","id":"b23-l768","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πύματον τέλεον δρόμον, αὐτίκʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"But when they were completing the last stretch, Odysseus at once","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l768.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέλεον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πύματον","lemma":"πύματος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δρόμον","gloss":"the last"},{"surface":"τέλεον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εὔχετ̓","gloss":"were completing"},{"surface":"δρόμον","lemma":"δρόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέλεον","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχετ̓","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὔχετ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":769,"label":"769","id":"b23-l769","source":"εὔχετʼ Ἀθηναίῃ γλαυκώπιδι ὃν κατὰ θυμόν·","translation":"prayed in his heart to bright-eyed Athena:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l769.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὃν κατὰ θυμόν","title":"An inward prayer","body":"The phrase means that Odysseus prays within his own heart rather than calling aloud. His direct words follow, but Athena hears a prayer voiced inwardly."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχετ","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίῃ","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εὔχετ̓","gloss":"to Athena"},{"surface":"γλαυκώπιδι","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίῃ","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart"}]},{"number":770,"label":"770","id":"b23-l770","source":"κλῦθι θεά, ἀγαθή μοι ἐπίρροθος ἐλθὲ ποδοῖιν.","translation":"\"Hear me, goddess; come as a kindly helper to my feet.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l770.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦθι","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"ἀγαθή","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπίρροθος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλθὲ","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἐπίρροθος","lemma":"ἐπίρροθος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a helper"},{"surface":"ἐλθὲ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ποδοῖιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative dual masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπίρροθος","gloss":"to my feet"}]},{"number":771,"label":"771","id":"b23-l771","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος· τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη,","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and Pallas Athena heard him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l771.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλυε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":772,"label":"772","id":"b23-l772","source":"γυῖα δʼ ἔθηκεν ἐλαφρά, πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν.","translation":"and made his limbs light, his feet and, above them, his hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l772.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"his limbs"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἐλαφρά","lemma":"ἐλαφρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"complement of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"ὕπερθεν","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":773,"label":"773","id":"b23-l773","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τάχʼ ἔμελλον ἐπαΐξασθαι ἄεθλον,","translation":"But when they were just about to dart upon the prize,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l773.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλον","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔνθ̓","gloss":"were about to"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξασθαι","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"to spring upon"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπαΐξασθαι","gloss":"prize"}]},{"number":774,"label":"774","id":"b23-l774","source":"ἔνθʼ Αἴας μὲν ὄλισθε θέων, βλάψεν γὰρ Ἀθήνη,","translation":"then Ajax slipped as he ran, for Athena tripped him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l774.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄλισθε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄλισθε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὄλισθε","lemma":"ὀλισθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slipped"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄλισθε","gloss":"as he ran"},{"surface":"βλάψεν","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γὰρ","gloss":"tripped him"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βλάψεν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":775,"label":"775","id":"b23-l775","source":"τῇ ῥα βοῶν κέχυτʼ ὄνθος ἀποκταμένων ἐριμύκων,","translation":"where dung from the loud-bellowing slaughtered cattle lay poured out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l775.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βοῶν κέχυτʼ ὄνθος","title":"Cattle dung at the slaughter place","body":"ὄνθος is dung, here spilled where the funeral cattle were slaughtered. Homer makes Ajax's fall physical and humiliating rather than softening it into a generic stumble."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέχυτ̓","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ὄνθος","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"κέχυτ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄλισθε","gloss":"had been poured"},{"surface":"ὄνθος","lemma":"ὄνθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέχυτ̓","gloss":"dung"},{"surface":"ἀποκταμένων","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies βοῶν","gloss":"slain"},{"surface":"ἐριμύκων","lemma":"ἐρίμυκος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῶν","gloss":"loud-lowing"}]},{"number":776,"label":"776","id":"b23-l776","source":"οὓς ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ πέφνεν πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"the cattle swift-footed Achilles had killed for Patroclus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l776.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέφνεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"πέφνεν","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βοῶν","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέφνεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":777,"label":"777","id":"b23-l777","source":"ἐν δʼ ὄνθου βοέου πλῆτο στόμα τε ῥῖνάς τε·","translation":"His mouth and nostrils filled with cow dung;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l777.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄνθου","lemma":"ὄνθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πλῆτο","gloss":"dung"},{"surface":"βοέου","lemma":"βόειος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄνθου","gloss":"of cattle"},{"surface":"πλῆτο","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was filled"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"his mouth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥῖνάς","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"nostrils"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":778,"label":"778","id":"b23-l778","source":"κρητῆρʼ αὖτʼ ἀνάειρε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"much-enduring godlike Odysseus lifted up the mixing bowl,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l778.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρητῆρ","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνάειρε","gloss":"the mixing bowl"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἀνάειρε","lemma":"ἀναείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted up"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνάειρε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":779,"label":"779","id":"b23-l779","source":"ὡς ἦλθε φθάμενος· ὃ δὲ βοῦν ἕλε φαίδιμος Αἴας.","translation":"for he came in first; and glorious Ajax took the ox.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l779.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"he came"},{"surface":"φθάμενος","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"was first"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"an ox"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took for himself"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":780,"label":"780","id":"b23-l780","source":"στῆ δὲ κέρας μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο","translation":"He stood holding the horn of the field-ranging ox in his hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l780.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέρας","lemma":"κέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"horn"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"in his hands"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κέρας","gloss":"of an ox"},{"surface":"ἀγραύλοιο","lemma":"ἄγραυλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοὸς","gloss":"of the fields"}]},{"number":781,"label":"781","id":"b23-l781","source":"ὄνθον ἀποπτύων, μετὰ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"spitting out dung, and spoke among the Argives:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l781.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄνθον","lemma":"ὄνθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποπτύων","gloss":"dung"},{"surface":"ἀποπτύων","lemma":"ἀποπτύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"spitting out"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":782,"label":"782","id":"b23-l782","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ μʼ ἔβλαψε θεὰ πόδας, ἣ τὸ πάρος περ","translation":"\"Ah, the goddess tripped my feet—she who before now","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l782.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἣ τὸ πάρος περ","title":"The goddess identified by context","body":"The feminine relative pronoun ἥ carries Athena forward without naming her again. Ajax identifies her through her habitual protection of Odysseus in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔβλαψε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔβλαψε","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tripped me"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔβλαψε","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔβλαψε","gloss":"my feet"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":783,"label":"783","id":"b23-l783","source":"μήτηρ ὣς Ὀδυσῆϊ παρίσταται ἠδʼ ἐπαρήγει.","translation":"stands beside Odysseus like a mother and comes to his aid.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l783.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a mother"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"to Odysseus"},{"surface":"παρίσταται","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"to stand beside"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαρήγει","lemma":"ἐπαρήγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"comes to his aid"}]},{"number":784,"label":"784","id":"b23-l784","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἡδὺ γέλασσαν.","translation":"So he spoke, and they all laughed sweetly at him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l784.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γέλασσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γέλασσαν","gloss":"sweetly"},{"surface":"γέλασσαν","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed"}]},{"number":785,"label":"785","id":"b23-l785","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἄρα δὴ λοισθήϊον ἔκφερʼ ἄεθλον","translation":"Antilochus carried off the last prize,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l785.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκφεῤ","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"λοισθήϊον","lemma":"λοισθήιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"ἔκφερ","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried off"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκφεῤ","gloss":"prize"}]},{"number":786,"label":"786","id":"b23-l786","source":"μειδιόων, καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"smiling, and spoke a word among the Argives:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l786.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μειδιόων","lemma":"μειδιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκφεῤ","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":787,"label":"787","id":"b23-l787","source":"εἰδόσιν ὔμμʼ ἐρέω πᾶσιν φίλοι, ὡς ἔτι καὶ νῦν","translation":"\"Friends, I shall tell you all what you already know: even now","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l787.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰδόσιν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies ὔμμ̓","gloss":"though knowing"},{"surface":"ὔμμ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall tell"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὔμμ̓","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τιμῶσι","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":788,"label":"788","id":"b23-l788","source":"ἀθάνατοι τιμῶσι παλαιοτέρους ἀνθρώπους.","translation":"the immortals honor men who are older.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l788.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τιμῶσι","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"τιμῶσι","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"παλαιοτέρους","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"older"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τιμῶσι","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":789,"label":"789","id":"b23-l789","source":"Αἴας μὲν γὰρ ἐμεῖʼ ὀλίγον προγενέστερός ἐστιν,","translation":"Ajax is only a little older than I am,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l789.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to προγενέστερός","gloss":"than me"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προγενέστερός","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"προγενέστερός","lemma":"προγενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"older"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":790,"label":"790","id":"b23-l790","source":"οὗτος δὲ προτέρης γενεῆς προτέρων τʼ ἀνθρώπων·","translation":"but this man belongs to an earlier generation and earlier men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l790.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"προτέρης","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γενεῆς","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"γενεῆς","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"generation"},{"surface":"προτέρων","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":791,"label":"791","id":"b23-l791","source":"ὠμογέροντα δέ μίν φασʼ ἔμμεναι· ἀργαλέον δὲ","translation":"They call him a hardy old man; yet it is difficult","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l791.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὠμογέροντα","title":"A hardy old man","body":"ὠμογέρων describes an old man whose vigor is still fresh or robust. Antilochus jokes about Odysseus' generation while conceding that age has not made him slow."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὠμογέροντα","lemma":"ὠμογέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hardy old man"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μίν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φασ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασ̓","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέον","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"it is hard"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":792,"label":"792","id":"b23-l792","source":"ποσσὶν ἐριδήσασθαι Ἀχαιοῖς, εἰ μὴ Ἀχιλλεῖ.","translation":"for the Achaeans to contend with him on foot, unless it is Achilles.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l792.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐριδήσασθαι","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ἐριδήσασθαι","lemma":"ἐριδαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to contend"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for the Achaeans"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῖ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to Achilles"}]},{"number":793,"label":"793","id":"b23-l793","source":"ὣς φάτο, κύδηνεν δὲ ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα.","translation":"So he spoke and gave glory to the fleet son of Peleus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l793.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"κύδηνεν","lemma":"κυδαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποδώκεα","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κύδηνεν","gloss":"Peleus's son"}]},{"number":794,"label":"794","id":"b23-l794","source":"τὸν δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς μύθοισιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπεν·","translation":"Achilles answered him with words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l794.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"μύθοισιν","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμειβόμενος","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"}]},{"number":795,"label":"795","id":"b23-l795","source":"Ἀντίλοχʼ οὐ μέν τοι μέλεος εἰρήσεται αἶνος,","translation":"\"Antilochus, your praise shall not be spoken in vain;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l795.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰρήσεται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"μέλεος","lemma":"μέλεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"εἰρήσεται","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoken"},{"surface":"αἶνος","lemma":"αἶνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰρήσεται","gloss":"praise"}]},{"number":796,"label":"796","id":"b23-l796","source":"ἀλλά τοι ἡμιτάλαντον ἐγὼ χρυσοῦ ἐπιθήσω.","translation":"I shall add half a talent of gold for you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l796.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιθήσω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἡμιτάλαντον","lemma":"ἡμιτάλαντον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιθήσω","gloss":"half a talent"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιθήσω","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"χρυσοῦ","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡμιτάλαντον","gloss":"of gold"},{"surface":"ἐπιθήσω","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall add"}]},{"number":797,"label":"797","id":"b23-l797","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερσὶ τίθει, ὃ δʼ ἐδέξατο χαίρων.","translation":"So speaking, he placed it in his hands, and Antilochus received it gladly.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l797.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"in his hands"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he placed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐδέξατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδέξατο","gloss":"rejoicing"}]},{"number":798,"label":"798","id":"b23-l798","source":"αὐτὰρ Πηλεΐδης κατὰ μὲν δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος","translation":"Then the son of Peleus laid down a long-shadowed spear","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l798.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκ̓","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκ̓","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":799,"label":"799","id":"b23-l799","source":"θῆκʼ ἐς ἀγῶνα φέρων, κατὰ δʼ ἀσπίδα καὶ τρυφάλειαν","translation":"as he carried it into the arena, and laid down a shield and helmet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l799.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he laid"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνα","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the gathering"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκ̓","gloss":"carrying it"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρυφάλειαν","lemma":"τρυφάλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"helmet"}]},{"number":800,"label":"800","id":"b23-l800","source":"τεύχεα Σαρπήδοντος, ἅ μιν Πάτροκλος ἀπηύρα.","translation":"the arms of Sarpedon that Patroclus had stripped from him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l800.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"the armor"},{"surface":"Σαρπήδοντος","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"of Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τεύχεα","gloss":"had stripped away"}]},{"number":801,"label":"801","id":"b23-l801","source":"στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"He stood upright and spoke a word among the Argives: \"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l801.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρθὸς","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":802,"label":"802","id":"b23-l802","source":"ἄνδρε δύω περὶ τῶνδε κελεύομεν, ὥ περ ἀρίστω,","translation":"We call upon the two best men to contend for these prizes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l802.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρε","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of κελεύομεν","gloss":"two men"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄνδρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"τῶνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"these prizes"},{"surface":"κελεύομεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we call upon"},{"surface":"ὥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀρίστω","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the two best"}]},{"number":803,"label":"803","id":"b23-l803","source":"τεύχεα ἑσσαμένω ταμεσίχροα χαλκὸν ἑλόντε","translation":"the two of them clad in armor and taking flesh-cutting bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l803.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τεύχεα ἑσσαμένω","title":"Two contestants in the dual","body":"ἑσσαμένω is a dual participle: exactly two men are to put on the armor. The following dual forms continue to bind Ajax and Diomedes as a matched pair."}],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἑσσαμένω","gloss":"the armor"},{"surface":"ἑσσαμένω","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to πειρηθῆναι","gloss":"having donned"},{"surface":"ταμεσίχροα","lemma":"ταμεσίχρως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκὸν","gloss":"flesh-cutting"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλόντε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἑλόντε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to πειρηθῆναι","gloss":"taking"}]},{"number":804,"label":"804","id":"b23-l804","source":"ἀλλήλων προπάροιθεν ὁμίλου πειρηθῆναι.","translation":"to make trial of each other before the gathered host.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l804.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πειρηθῆναι","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"προπάροιθεν","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ὁμίλου","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθεν","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"πειρηθῆναι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of κελεύομεν","gloss":"to make trial"}]},{"number":805,"label":"805","id":"b23-l805","source":"ὁππότερός κε φθῇσιν ὀρεξάμενος χρόα καλόν,","translation":"Whichever first reaches out and strikes the other's fair flesh","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l805.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὁππότερός κε φθῇσιν","title":"Whichever gets there first","body":"ὁππότερος with κε and the subjunctive φθῇσιν sets an open contest between two alternatives. The winner is whichever of the pair first succeeds in drawing blood."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότερός","lemma":"ὁπότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φθῇσιν","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"gets there first"},{"surface":"ὀρεξάμενος","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of φθῇσιν","gloss":"reaching out"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρεξάμενος","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"καλόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"fair"}]},{"number":806,"label":"806","id":"b23-l806","source":"ψαύσῃ δʼ ἐνδίνων διά τʼ ἔντεα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα,","translation":"and pierces through the armor to the inward parts and black blood,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l806.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψαύσῃ","lemma":"ψαύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνδίνων","lemma":"ἔνδινα","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ψαύσῃ","gloss":"inward parts"},{"surface":"διά","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the armor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":807,"label":"807","id":"b23-l807","source":"τῷ μὲν ἐγὼ δώσω τόδε φάσγανον ἀργυρόηλον","translation":"to him I shall give this lovely silver-studded sword,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l807.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δώσω","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall give"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies φάσγανον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"φάσγανον","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόηλον","lemma":"ἀργυρόηλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάσγανον","gloss":"silver-studded"}]},{"number":808,"label":"808","id":"b23-l808","source":"καλὸν Θρηΐκιον, τὸ μὲν Ἀστεροπαῖον ἀπηύρων·","translation":"a fine Thracian blade that I stripped from Asteropaeus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l808.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάσγανον","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"Θρηΐκιον","lemma":"Θράκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάσγανον","gloss":"Thracian"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρων","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀστεροπαῖον","lemma":"Ἀστεροπαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρων","gloss":"from Asteropaeus"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρων","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φάσγανον","gloss":"I stripped away"}]},{"number":809,"label":"809","id":"b23-l809","source":"τεύχεα δʼ ἀμφότεροι ξυνήϊα ταῦτα φερέσθων·","translation":"but let both carry away these arms as shared property,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l809.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φερέσθων","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀμφότεροι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φερέσθων","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ξυνήϊα","lemma":"ξυνήιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"shared"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φερέσθων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let them carry"}]},{"number":810,"label":"810","id":"b23-l810","source":"καί σφιν δαῖτʼ ἀγαθὴν παραθήσομεν ἐν κλισίῃσιν.","translation":"and we shall set a good feast before them in the shelters.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l810.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of παραθήσομεν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δαῖτ","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παραθήσομεν","gloss":"a feast"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὴν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτ̓","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"παραθήσομεν","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shall set"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσιν","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the shelters"}]},{"number":811,"label":"811","id":"b23-l811","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας,","translation":"So he spoke, and then great Ajax, son of Telamon, arose,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l811.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Telamon"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":812,"label":"812","id":"b23-l812","source":"ἂν δʼ ἄρα Τυδεΐδης ὦρτο, κρατερὸς Διομήδης.","translation":"and mighty Diomedes, son of Tydeus, rose.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l812.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":813,"label":"813","id":"b23-l813","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἑκάτερθεν ὁμίλου θωρήχθησαν,","translation":"Now when they had armed on each side of the throng,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l813.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of συνίτην","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θωρήχθησαν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἑκάτερθεν","lemma":"ἑκάτερθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on either side"},{"surface":"ὁμίλου","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑκάτερθεν","gloss":"of the throng"},{"surface":"θωρήχθησαν","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to συνίτην","gloss":"had armed themselves"}]},{"number":814,"label":"814","id":"b23-l814","source":"ἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέρω συνίτην μεμαῶτε μάχεσθαι","translation":"both came together into the middle, eager to fight,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l814.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρω","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"συνίτην","lemma":"σύνειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came together"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτε","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to συνίτην","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μεμαῶτε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":815,"label":"815","id":"b23-l815","source":"δεινὸν δερκομένω· θάμβος δʼ ἔχε πάντας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"looking terribly; amazement held all the Achaeans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l815.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δερκομένω","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δερκομένω","lemma":"δέρκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to συνίτην","gloss":"looking fiercely"},{"surface":"θάμβος","lemma":"θάμβος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"amazement"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":816,"label":"816","id":"b23-l816","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,","translation":"But when they had come near as they advanced against each other,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l816.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"as they went"}]},{"number":817,"label":"817","id":"b23-l817","source":"τρὶς μὲν ἐπήϊξαν, τρὶς δὲ σχεδὸν ὁρμήθησαν.","translation":"three times they sprang, and three times they rushed together at close quarters.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l817.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπήϊξαν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπήϊξαν","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang forward"},{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήθησαν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήθησαν","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"ὁρμήθησαν","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed together"}]},{"number":818,"label":"818","id":"b23-l818","source":"ἔνθʼ Αἴας μὲν ἔπειτα κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην","translation":"Then Ajax stabbed at the shield balanced evenly on every side,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l818.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νύξ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νύξ̓","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νύξ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"the shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐΐσην","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"balanced"}]},{"number":819,"label":"819","id":"b23-l819","source":"νύξʼ, οὐδὲ χρόʼ ἵκανεν· ἔρυτο γὰρ ἔνδοθι θώρηξ·","translation":"but did not reach the flesh, for the breastplate within held him off.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l819.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύξ","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"χρό","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανεν","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἵκανεν","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἔρυτο","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔνδοθι","lemma":"ἔνδοθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρυτο","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"θώρηξ","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρυτο","gloss":"breastplate"}]},{"number":820,"label":"820","id":"b23-l820","source":"Τυδεΐδης δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα ὑπὲρ σάκεος μεγάλοιο","translation":"Then the son of Tydeus, over his great shield,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l820.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κῦρε","gloss":"the son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κῦρε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"σάκεος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκεος","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":821,"label":"821","id":"b23-l821","source":"αἰὲν ἐπʼ αὐχένι κῦρε φαεινοῦ δουρὸς ἀκωκῇ.","translation":"kept aiming the point of his shining spear at Ajax's neck.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l821.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κῦρε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"αὐχένι","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"κῦρε","lemma":"κυρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"aimed"},{"surface":"φαεινοῦ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὸς","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκωκῇ","gloss":"of the spear"},{"surface":"ἀκωκῇ","lemma":"ἀκωκή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κῦρε","gloss":"with the point"}]},{"number":822,"label":"822","id":"b23-l822","source":"καὶ τότε δή ῥʼ Αἴαντι περιδείσαντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Then the Achaeans, greatly fearing for Ajax,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l822.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἴαντι","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιδείσαντες","gloss":"for Ajax"},{"surface":"περιδείσαντες","lemma":"περιδείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσαν","gloss":"greatly fearing"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέλευσαν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":823,"label":"823","id":"b23-l823","source":"παυσαμένους ἐκέλευσαν ἀέθλια ἶσʼ ἀνελέσθαι.","translation":"ordered them to stop and take up equal prizes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l823.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παυσαμένους","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνελέσθαι","gloss":"to cease"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσαν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"ἀέθλια","lemma":"ἀέθλιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνελέσθαι","gloss":"prizes"},{"surface":"ἶσ","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀέθλια","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἀνελέσθαι","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευσαν","gloss":"to take up"}]},{"number":824,"label":"824","id":"b23-l824","source":"αὐτὰρ Τυδεΐδῃ δῶκεν μέγα φάσγανον ἥρως","translation":"But the hero gave the great sword to the son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l824.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to Tydeus's son"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάσγανον","gloss":"the great"},{"surface":"φάσγανον","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"the hero"}]},{"number":825,"label":"825","id":"b23-l825","source":"σὺν κολεῷ τε φέρων καὶ ἐϋτμήτῳ τελαμῶνι.","translation":"bringing it with its sheath and well-cut baldric;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l825.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"κολεῷ","lemma":"κολεόν","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"its sheath"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐϋτμήτῳ","lemma":"ἐύτμητος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τελαμῶνι","gloss":"well-cut"},{"surface":"τελαμῶνι","lemma":"τελαμών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"baldric"}]},{"number":826,"label":"826","id":"b23-l826","source":"αὐτὰρ Πηλεΐδης θῆκεν σόλον αὐτοχόωνον","translation":"Then Peleus' son set out a solid-cast iron weight,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l826.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σόλον αὐτοχόωνον","title":"A solid-cast iron weight","body":"σόλος is a heavy mass of iron used for the throwing contest, and αὐτοχόωνος marks it as cast in one solid piece."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκεν","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"σόλον","lemma":"σόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"solid iron weight"},{"surface":"αὐτοχόωνον","lemma":"αὐτοχόωνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σόλον","gloss":"solid-cast"}]},{"number":827,"label":"827","id":"b23-l827","source":"ὃν πρὶν μὲν ῥίπτασκε μέγα σθένος Ἠετίωνος·","translation":"which the mighty strength of Eetion once used to throw;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l827.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ῥίπτασκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥίπτασκε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥίπτασκε","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σόλον","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"the great"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ῥίπτασκε","gloss":"the strength"},{"surface":"Ἠετίωνος","lemma":"Ἠετίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"of Eetion"}]},{"number":828,"label":"828","id":"b23-l828","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι τὸν ἔπεφνε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"but swift-footed godlike Achilles had killed him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l828.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπεφνε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":829,"label":"829","id":"b23-l829","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄγετʼ ἐν νήεσσι σὺν ἄλλοισι κτεάτεσσι.","translation":"and brought it in his ships with his other possessions.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l829.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγετ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγετ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"his ships"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτεάτεσσι","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"κτεάτεσσι","lemma":"κτέαρ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"possessions"}]},{"number":830,"label":"830","id":"b23-l830","source":"στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"He stood upright and spoke a word among the Argives:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l830.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρθὸς","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":831,"label":"831","id":"b23-l831","source":"ὄρνυσθʼ οἳ καὶ τούτου ἀέθλου πειρήσεσθε.","translation":"\"Rise, you who will make trial of this contest.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l831.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνυσθ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πειρήσεσθε","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τούτου","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀέθλου","gloss":"of this"},{"surface":"ἀέθλου","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πειρήσεσθε","gloss":"contest"},{"surface":"πειρήσεσθε","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"will make trial"}]},{"number":832,"label":"832","id":"b23-l832","source":"εἴ οἱ καὶ μάλα πολλὸν ἀπόπροθι πίονες ἀγροί,","translation":"Even if the winner's rich fields lie very far away,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l832.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπόπροθι","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀπόπροθι","lemma":"ἀπόπροθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"πίονες","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγροί","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"ἀγροί","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":833,"label":"833","id":"b23-l833","source":"ἕξει μιν καὶ πέντε περιπλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς","translation":"he will have this to use through five revolving years;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l833.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕξει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕξει","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πέντε","lemma":"πέντε","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτοὺς","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"περιπλομένους","lemma":"περιπέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτοὺς","gloss":"revolving"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτοὺς","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕξει","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":834,"label":"834","id":"b23-l834","source":"χρεώμενος· οὐ μὲν γάρ οἱ ἀτεμβόμενός γε σιδήρου","translation":"for neither his shepherd nor his plowman, lacking iron,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l834.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρεώμενος","lemma":"χράομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕξει","gloss":"using it"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἶσ̓","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἀτεμβόμενός","lemma":"ἀτέμβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶσ̓","gloss":"being deprived"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σιδήρου","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτεμβόμενός","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":835,"label":"835","id":"b23-l835","source":"ποιμὴν οὐδʼ ἀροτὴρ εἶσʼ ἐς πόλιν, ἀλλὰ παρέξει.","translation":"will go into town; the weight itself will supply them.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l835.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποιμὴν","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"ἀροτὴρ","lemma":"ἀροτήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"plowman"},{"surface":"εἶσ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"παρέξει","lemma":"παρέχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it will provide"}]},{"number":836,"label":"836","id":"b23-l836","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα μενεπτόλεμος Πολυποίτης,","translation":"So he spoke, and then Polypoetes steadfast in battle arose,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l836.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μενεπτόλεμος","lemma":"μενεπτόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολυποίτης","gloss":"steadfast in battle"},{"surface":"Πολυποίτης","lemma":"Πολυποίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Polypoetes"}]},{"number":837,"label":"837","id":"b23-l837","source":"ἂν δὲ Λεοντῆος κρατερὸν μένος ἀντιθέοιο,","translation":"and the mighty strength of godlike Leonteus stood up,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l837.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λεοντῆος","lemma":"Λεοντεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"Leonteus"},{"surface":"κρατερὸν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέοιο","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λεοντῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":838,"label":"838","id":"b23-l838","source":"ἂν δʼ Αἴας Τελαμωνιάδης καὶ δῖος Ἐπειός.","translation":"and Ajax, son of Telamon, and godlike Epeius.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l838.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"Τελαμωνιάδης","lemma":"Τελαμωνιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Telamon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπειός","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἐπειός","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Epeius"}]},{"number":839,"label":"839","id":"b23-l839","source":"ἑξείης δʼ ἵσταντο, σόλον δʼ ἕλε δῖος Ἐπειός,","translation":"They stood in order, and godlike Epeius took the weight,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l839.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξείης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵσταντο","gloss":"in succession"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵσταντο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"σόλον","lemma":"σόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"solid iron weight"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπειός","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἐπειός","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"Epeius"}]},{"number":840,"label":"840","id":"b23-l840","source":"ἧκε δὲ δινήσας· γέλασαν δʼ ἐπὶ πάντες Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"whirled it and let it fly; and all the Achaeans laughed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l840.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it fly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δινήσας","lemma":"δινεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκε","gloss":"having whirled it"},{"surface":"γέλασαν","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of γέλασαν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":841,"label":"841","id":"b23-l841","source":"δεύτερος αὖτʼ ἀφέηκε Λεοντεὺς ὄζος Ἄρηος·","translation":"Leonteus, scion of Ares, cast it second;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l841.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερος","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἀφέηκε","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast it"},{"surface":"Λεοντεὺς","lemma":"Λεοντεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφέηκε","gloss":"Leonteus"},{"surface":"ὄζος","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λεοντεὺς","gloss":"scion"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄζος","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":842,"label":"842","id":"b23-l842","source":"τὸ τρίτον αὖτʼ ἔρριψε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας","translation":"then great Ajax, son of Telamon, threw it third","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l842.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies τρίτον","gloss":"for the"},{"surface":"τρίτον","lemma":"τρίτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔρριψε","gloss":"third time"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔρριψε","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Telamon"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρριψε","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":843,"label":"843","id":"b23-l843","source":"χειρὸς ἄπο στιβαρῆς, καὶ ὑπέρβαλε σήματα πάντων.","translation":"from his strong hand and passed the marks of all the others.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l843.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"from his hand"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"στιβαρῆς","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέρβαλε","lemma":"ὑπερβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"outthrew"},{"surface":"σήματα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπέρβαλε","gloss":"marks"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σήματα","gloss":"of everyone"}]},{"number":844,"label":"844","id":"b23-l844","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ σόλον εἷλε μενεπτόλεμος Πολυποίτης,","translation":"But when Polypoetes steadfast in battle took the weight,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l844.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἷλε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σόλον","lemma":"σόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἷλε","gloss":"solid iron weight"},{"surface":"εἷλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὑπέρβαλε","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"μενεπτόλεμος","lemma":"μενεπτόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολυποίτης","gloss":"steadfast in battle"},{"surface":"Πολυποίτης","lemma":"Πολυποίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἷλε","gloss":"Polypoetes"}]},{"number":845,"label":"845","id":"b23-l845","source":"ὅσσόν τίς τʼ ἔρριψε καλαύροπα βουκόλος ἀνήρ,","translation":"as far as a herdsman hurls his throwing staff,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l845.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"καλαύροπα","title":"The herdsman's throwing staff","body":"A καλαῦροψ is the curved staff of a herdsman, here flung spinning across the herd. Its familiar arc supplies the measure for Polypoetes' exceptional throw."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσόν","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔρριψε","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"καλαύροπα","lemma":"καλαῦροψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρριψε","gloss":"throwing staff"},{"surface":"βουκόλος","lemma":"βουκόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"herdsman"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρριψε","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":846,"label":"846","id":"b23-l846","source":"ἣ δέ θʼ ἑλισσομένη πέτεται διὰ βοῦς ἀγελαίας,","translation":"and it flies spinning through the herd of cattle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l846.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πέτεται","gloss":"and it"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑλισσομένη","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to πέτεται","gloss":"spinning"},{"surface":"πέτεται","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"ἀγελαίας","lemma":"ἀγελαῖος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"herd"}]},{"number":847,"label":"847","id":"b23-l847","source":"τόσσον παντὸς ἀγῶνος ὑπέρβαλε· τοὶ δὲ βόησαν.","translation":"so far he outthrew the whole gathering; and the people shouted.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l847.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπέρβαλε","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"παντὸς","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγῶνος","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνος","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέρβαλε","gloss":"the gathering"},{"surface":"ὑπέρβαλε","lemma":"ὑπερβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"outthrew"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βόησαν","gloss":"the crowd"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βόησαν","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"}]},{"number":848,"label":"848","id":"b23-l848","source":"ἀνστάντες δʼ ἕταροι Πολυποίταο κρατεροῖο","translation":"The companions of mighty Polypoetes rose","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l848.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνστάντες","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφερον","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕταροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφερον","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"Πολυποίταο","lemma":"Πολυποίτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕταροι","gloss":"Polypoetes"},{"surface":"κρατεροῖο","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολυποίταο","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":849,"label":"849","id":"b23-l849","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς ἔφερον βασιλῆος ἄεθλον.","translation":"and carried their king's prize to the hollow ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l849.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"to the ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γλαφυρὰς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἔφερον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"their king's"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφερον","gloss":"prize"}]},{"number":850,"label":"850","id":"b23-l850","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ τοξευτῇσι τίθει ἰόεντα σίδηρον,","translation":"Then Achilles set out dark iron for the archers,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l850.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τοξευτῇσι τίθει ἰόεντα σίδηρον","title":"Dark iron for the archers","body":"Here ἰόεντα is a color epithet derived from ἴον, violet, and describes the iron as dark. It is not derived from ἰός, arrow."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τίθει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τοξευτῇσι","lemma":"τοξευτής","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"for the archers"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἰόεντα","lemma":"ἰόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίδηρον","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"σίδηρον","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":851,"label":"851","id":"b23-l851","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἐτίθει δέκα μὲν πελέκεας, δέκα δʼ ἡμιπέλεκκα,","translation":"laying down ten axes and ten half-axes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l851.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies πελέκεας","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πελέκεας","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"axes"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἡμιπέλεκκα","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμιπέλεκκα","lemma":"ἡμιπέλεκκον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"half-axes"}]},{"number":852,"label":"852","id":"b23-l852","source":"ἱστὸν δʼ ἔστησεν νηὸς κυανοπρῴροιο","translation":"and he raised the mast of a dark-prowed ship","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l852.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔστησεν","gloss":"mast"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστησεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἱστὸν","gloss":"of a ship"},{"surface":"κυανοπρῴροιο","lemma":"κυανόπρῳρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"dark-prowed"}]},{"number":853,"label":"853","id":"b23-l853","source":"τηλοῦ ἐπὶ ψαμάθοις, ἐκ δὲ τρήρωνα πέλειαν","translation":"far off on the sands, and from it a trembling dove","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l853.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλοῦ","lemma":"τηλοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστησεν","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ψαμάθοις","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the sands"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρήρωνα","lemma":"τρήρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέλειαν","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"πέλειαν","lemma":"πέλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δῆσεν","gloss":"dove"}]},{"number":854,"label":"854","id":"b23-l854","source":"λεπτῇ μηρίνθῳ δῆσεν ποδός, ἧς ἄρʼ ἀνώγει","translation":"he tied by the foot with a slender cord, and ordered them","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l854.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεπτῇ","lemma":"λεπτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μηρίνθῳ","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"μηρίνθῳ","lemma":"μήρινθος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δῆσεν","gloss":"with a cord"},{"surface":"δῆσεν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tied"},{"surface":"ποδός","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δῆσεν","gloss":"by the foot"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τοξεύειν","gloss":"at which"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πέλειαν","gloss":"he ordered"}]},{"number":855,"label":"855","id":"b23-l855","source":"τοξεύειν· ὃς μέν κε βάλῃ τρήρωνα πέλειαν,","translation":"to shoot at her. Whoever strikes the trembling dove","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l855.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοξεύειν","lemma":"τοξεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to shoot"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλῃ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"βάλῃ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of φερέσθω","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"τρήρωνα","lemma":"τρήρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέλειαν","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"πέλειαν","lemma":"πέλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλῃ","gloss":"dove"}]},{"number":856,"label":"856","id":"b23-l856","source":"πάντας ἀειράμενος πελέκεας οἶκον δὲ φερέσθω·","translation":"shall lift all the axes and carry them home;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l856.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πελέκεας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀειράμενος","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φερέσθω","gloss":"having lifted"},{"surface":"πελέκεας","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀειράμενος","gloss":"axes"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φερέσθω","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φερέσθω","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him carry"}]},{"number":857,"label":"857","id":"b23-l857","source":"ὃς δέ κε μηρίνθοιο τύχῃ ὄρνιθος ἁμαρτών,","translation":"but whoever strikes the cord and misses the bird,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l857.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τύχῃ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"μηρίνθοιο","lemma":"μήρινθος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τύχῃ","gloss":"the cord"},{"surface":"τύχῃ","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὃ","gloss":"striking true"},{"surface":"ὄρνιθος","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἁμαρτών","gloss":"the bird"},{"surface":"ἁμαρτών","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τύχῃ","gloss":"missing"}]},{"number":858,"label":"858","id":"b23-l858","source":"ἥσσων γὰρ δὴ κεῖνος, ὃ δʼ οἴσεται ἡμιπέλεκκα.","translation":"being the poorer shot, shall carry off the half-axes.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l858.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥσσων","lemma":"ἥσσων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weaker"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἴσεται","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴσεται","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall carry off"},{"surface":"ἡμιπέλεκκα","lemma":"ἡμιπέλεκκον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἴσεται","gloss":"half-axes"}]},{"number":859,"label":"859","id":"b23-l859","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα βίη Τεύκροιο ἄνακτος,","translation":"So he spoke, and then the strength of lord Teucer arose,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l859.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"the strength"},{"surface":"Τεύκροιο","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"of Teucer"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τεύκροιο","gloss":"of the lord"}]},{"number":860,"label":"860","id":"b23-l860","source":"ἂν δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης θεράπων ἐῢς Ἰδομενῆος.","translation":"and Meriones, the good companion of Idomeneus, stood up.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l860.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ἐῢς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"of Idomeneus"}]},{"number":861,"label":"861","id":"b23-l861","source":"κλήρους δʼ ἐν κυνέῃ χαλκήρεϊ πάλλον ἑλόντες,","translation":"They took lots and shook them in a bronze-fitted helmet,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l861.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλήρους","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πάλλον","gloss":"lots"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κυνέῃ","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"a helmet"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεϊ","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέῃ","gloss":"bronze-fitted"},{"surface":"πάλλον","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πάλλον","gloss":"having taken them"}]},{"number":862,"label":"862","id":"b23-l862","source":"Τεῦκρος δὲ πρῶτος κλήρῳ λάχεν· αὐτίκα δʼ ἰὸν","translation":"and Teucer won first place by lot; at once he loosed his arrow","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l862.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάχεν","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"κλήρῳ","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λάχεν","gloss":"by lot"},{"surface":"λάχεν","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧκεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰὸν","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":863,"label":"863","id":"b23-l863","source":"ἧκεν ἐπικρατέως, οὐδʼ ἠπείλησεν ἄνακτι","translation":"with force, but he had not vowed to the lord","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l863.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκεν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"ἐπικρατέως","lemma":"ἐπικρατής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧκεν","gloss":"forcefully"},{"surface":"ἠπείλησεν","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"vowed"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥέξειν","gloss":"to the lord"}]},{"number":864,"label":"864","id":"b23-l864","source":"ἀρνῶν πρωτογόνων ῥέξειν κλειτὴν ἑκατόμβην.","translation":"that he would offer a glorious hecatomb of firstling lambs","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l864.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρνῶν","lemma":"ἀρνός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"of lambs"},{"surface":"πρωτογόνων","lemma":"πρωτόγονος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρνῶν","gloss":"firstling"},{"surface":"ῥέξειν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἠπείλησεν","gloss":"he would offer"},{"surface":"κλειτὴν","lemma":"κλειτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβην","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ῥέξειν","gloss":"hecatomb"}]},{"number":865,"label":"865","id":"b23-l865","source":"ὄρνιθος μὲν ἅμαρτε· μέγηρε γάρ οἱ τό γʼ Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"He missed the bird, for Apollo denied him that;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l865.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνιθος","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἅμαρτε","gloss":"the bird"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἅμαρτε","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"μέγηρε","lemma":"μεγαίρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"denied"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μέγηρε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of μέγηρε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μέγηρε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":866,"label":"866","id":"b23-l866","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ μήρινθον βάλε πὰρ πόδα, τῇ δέδετʼ ὄρνις·","translation":"but he struck beside her foot the cord that bound the bird,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l866.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μήρινθον","lemma":"μήρινθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"cord"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πόδα","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"her foot"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δέδετ̓","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"δέδετ","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μήρινθον","gloss":"was bound"},{"surface":"ὄρνις","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέδετ̓","gloss":"the bird"}]},{"number":867,"label":"867","id":"b23-l867","source":"ἀντικρὺ δʼ ἀπὸ μήρινθον τάμε πικρὸς ὀϊστός.","translation":"and the bitter arrow cut straight through the cord.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l867.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμε","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"μήρινθον","lemma":"μήρινθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τάμε","gloss":"cord"},{"surface":"τάμε","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut through"},{"surface":"πικρὸς","lemma":"πικρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστός","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ὀϊστός","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τάμε","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":868,"label":"868","id":"b23-l868","source":"ἣ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἤϊξε πρὸς οὐρανόν, ἣ δὲ παρείθη","translation":"The dove darted up toward the sky, while the cord","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l868.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤϊξε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊξε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤϊξε","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"darted"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"οὐρανόν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"to the sky"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies μήρινθος","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρείθη","lemma":"παρίημι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"}]},{"number":869,"label":"869","id":"b23-l869","source":"μήρινθος ποτὶ γαῖαν· ἀτὰρ κελάδησαν Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"hung down toward the ground; and the Achaeans shouted.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l869.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήρινθος","lemma":"μήρινθος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρείθη","gloss":"cord"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"κελάδησαν","lemma":"κελαδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κελάδησαν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":870,"label":"870","id":"b23-l870","source":"σπερχόμενος δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης ἐξείρυσε χειρὸς","translation":"Meriones hurried and snatched the bow from his hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l870.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπερχόμενος","lemma":"σπέρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξείρυσε","gloss":"in haste"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξείρυσε","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"ἐξείρυσε","lemma":"ἐξερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew out"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξείρυσε","gloss":"from his hand"}]},{"number":871,"label":"871","id":"b23-l871","source":"τόξον· ἀτὰρ δὴ ὀϊστὸν ἔχεν πάλαι, ὡς ἴθυνεν.","translation":"while he had long held his arrow ready to take aim.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l871.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξείρυσε","gloss":"his bow"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀϊστὸν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχεν","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he held"},{"surface":"πάλαι","lemma":"πάλαι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴθυνεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἴθυνεν","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"aimed"}]},{"number":872,"label":"872","id":"b23-l872","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἠπείλησεν ἑκηβόλῳ Ἀπόλλωνι","translation":"At once he vowed to far-shooting Apollo","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l872.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠπείλησεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠπείλησεν","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"vowed"},{"surface":"ἑκηβόλῳ","lemma":"ἑκηβόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνι","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνι","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥέξειν","gloss":"to Apollo"}]},{"number":873,"label":"873","id":"b23-l873","source":"ἀρνῶν πρωτογόνων ῥέξειν κλειτὴν ἑκατόμβην.","translation":"that he would offer a glorious hecatomb of firstling lambs","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l873.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρνῶν","lemma":"ἀρνός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"of lambs"},{"surface":"πρωτογόνων","lemma":"πρωτόγονος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρνῶν","gloss":"firstling"},{"surface":"ῥέξειν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἠπείλησεν","gloss":"he would offer"},{"surface":"κλειτὴν","lemma":"κλειτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβην","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ῥέξειν","gloss":"hecatomb"}]},{"number":874,"label":"874","id":"b23-l874","source":"ὕψι δʼ ὑπὸ νεφέων εἶδε τρήρωνα πέλειαν·","translation":"High beneath the clouds he saw the trembling dove,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l874.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕψι","lemma":"ὕψι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶδε","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"νεφέων","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"εἶδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"τρήρωνα","lemma":"τρήρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέλειαν","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"πέλειαν","lemma":"πέλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἶδε","gloss":"dove"}]},{"number":875,"label":"875","id":"b23-l875","source":"τῇ ῥʼ ὅ γε δινεύουσαν ὑπὸ πτέρυγος βάλε μέσσην,","translation":"and struck her as she wheeled, beneath the middle of her wing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l875.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"at her"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δινεύουσαν","lemma":"δινεύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as she wheeled"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"πτέρυγος","lemma":"πτέρυξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"the wing"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"μέσσην","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"in the middle"}]},{"number":876,"label":"876","id":"b23-l876","source":"ἀντικρὺ δὲ διῆλθε βέλος· τὸ μὲν ἂψ ἐπὶ γαίῃ","translation":"The shaft passed straight through; then it came back down to earth","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l876.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διῆλθε","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διῆλθε","lemma":"διέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed through"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of διῆλθε","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of πάγη","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάγη","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the earth"}]},{"number":877,"label":"877","id":"b23-l877","source":"πρόσθεν Μηριόναο πάγη ποδός· αὐτὰρ ἣ ὄρνις","translation":"and stuck before Meriones' foot. But the bird","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l877.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Μηριόναο","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποδός","gloss":"of Meriones"},{"surface":"πάγη","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stuck"},{"surface":"ποδός","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρόσθεν","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies ὄρνις","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὄρνις","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπεκρέμασεν","gloss":"bird"}]},{"number":878,"label":"878","id":"b23-l878","source":"ἱστῷ ἐφεζομένη νηὸς κυανοπρῴροιο","translation":"perched upon the mast of the dark-prowed ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l878.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστῷ","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφεζομένη","gloss":"mast"},{"surface":"ἐφεζομένη","lemma":"ἐφέζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεκρέμασεν","gloss":"perched"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἱστῷ","gloss":"of a ship"},{"surface":"κυανοπρῴροιο","lemma":"κυανόπρῳρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"dark-prowed"}]},{"number":879,"label":"879","id":"b23-l879","source":"αὐχένʼ ἀπεκρέμασεν, σὺν δὲ πτερὰ πυκνὰ λίασθεν.","translation":"let her neck hang down, and her close feathers drooped together.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l879.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐχέν","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπεκρέμασεν","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"ἀπεκρέμασεν","lemma":"ἀποκρεμάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let hang down"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίασθεν","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτερὰ","lemma":"πτερόν","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λίασθεν","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"πυκνὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτερὰ","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"λίασθεν","lemma":"λιάζομαι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"folded together"}]},{"number":880,"label":"880","id":"b23-l880","source":"ὠκὺς δʼ ἐκ μελέων θυμὸς πτάτο, τῆλε δʼ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"Swiftly the life flew from her limbs, and far from the mast","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l880.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μελέων","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πτάτο","gloss":"the life"},{"surface":"πτάτο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάππεσε","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":881,"label":"881","id":"b23-l881","source":"κάππεσε· λαοὶ δʼ αὖ θηεῦντό τε θάμβησάν τε.","translation":"she fell down; the people looked on in wonder and amazement.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l881.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κάππεσε","title":"The dove is the carried subject","body":"The verb does not mark gender, but its carried subject here is the dove, so English requires she or it. The identical Greek line at 23.728 carries Ajax and therefore requires he there."}],"words":[{"surface":"κάππεσε","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell down"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"θηεῦντό","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάμβησάν","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were amazed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":882,"label":"882","id":"b23-l882","source":"ἂν δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης πελέκεας δέκα πάντας ἄειρε,","translation":"Then Meriones lifted all ten axes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l882.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄειρε","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"πελέκεας","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄειρε","gloss":"axes"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies πελέκεας","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πελέκεας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἄειρε","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted"}]},{"number":883,"label":"883","id":"b23-l883","source":"Τεῦκρος δʼ ἡμιπέλεκκα φέρεν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας.","translation":"while Teucer carried the half-axes to the hollow ships.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l883.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρεν","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμιπέλεκκα","lemma":"ἡμιπέλεκκον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρεν","gloss":"half-axes"},{"surface":"φέρεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"to the ships"}]},{"number":884,"label":"884","id":"b23-l884","source":"αὐτὰρ Πηλεΐδης κατὰ μὲν δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,","translation":"Then the son of Peleus laid down a long-shadowed spear","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l884.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":885,"label":"885","id":"b23-l885","source":"κὰδ δὲ λέβητʼ ἄπυρον βοὸς ἄξιον ἀνθεμόεντα","translation":"and set down an unused, flowered cauldron worth an ox,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l885.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέβητ","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκ̓","gloss":"cauldron"},{"surface":"ἄπυρον","lemma":"ἄπυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέβητ̓","gloss":"untouched by fire"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄξιον","gloss":"of an ox"},{"surface":"ἄξιον","lemma":"ἄξιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέβητ̓","gloss":"worth"},{"surface":"ἀνθεμόεντα","lemma":"ἀνθεμόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέβητ̓","gloss":"flowered"}]},{"number":886,"label":"886","id":"b23-l886","source":"θῆκʼ ἐς ἀγῶνα φέρων· καί ῥʼ ἥμονες ἄνδρες ἀνέσταν·","translation":"carrying them into the gathering; and the spear-throwers rose.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l886.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he placed them"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνα","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the gathering"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκ̓","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἥμονες","lemma":"ἥμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"spear-throwers"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέσταν","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"ἀνέσταν","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"}]},{"number":887,"label":"887","id":"b23-l887","source":"ἂν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων,","translation":"The wide-ruling lord Agamemnon, son of Atreus, stood up,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l887.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κρείων","gloss":"wide-ruling"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"ruling lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":888,"label":"888","id":"b23-l888","source":"ἂν δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης, θεράπων ἐῢς Ἰδομενῆος.","translation":"and Meriones, the good companion of Idomeneus, arose.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l888.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ἐῢς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"of Idomeneus"}]},{"number":889,"label":"889","id":"b23-l889","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed godlike Achilles spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l889.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among them"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":890,"label":"890","id":"b23-l890","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη· ἴδμεν γὰρ ὅσον προβέβηκας ἁπάντων","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, we know how far you have surpassed all others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l890.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προβέβηκας","title":"Established preeminence","body":"προβέβηκας is perfect: Agamemnon has advanced beyond the others and stands acknowledged as preeminent, so Achilles ends the contest without a throw."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we know"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προβέβηκας","gloss":"how far"},{"surface":"προβέβηκας","lemma":"προβαίνω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"you have surpassed"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of προβέβηκας","gloss":"all others"}]},{"number":891,"label":"891","id":"b23-l891","source":"ἠδʼ ὅσσον δυνάμει τε καὶ ἥμασιν ἔπλευ ἄριστος·","translation":"and how much you are best in strength and in casting the spear.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l891.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔπλευ","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"δυνάμει","lemma":"δύναμις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥμασιν","lemma":"ἧμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in spear-throwing"},{"surface":"ἔπλευ","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":892,"label":"892","id":"b23-l892","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν τόδʼ ἄεθλον ἔχων κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας","translation":"Take this prize and go to the hollow ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l892.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχευ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχευ","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"to the ships"}]},{"number":893,"label":"893","id":"b23-l893","source":"ἔρχευ, ἀτὰρ δόρυ Μηριόνῃ ἥρωϊ πόρωμεν,","translation":"and let us give the spear to the hero Meriones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l893.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχευ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πόρωμεν","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"Μηριόνῃ","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πόρωμεν","gloss":"to Meriones"},{"surface":"ἥρωϊ","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηριόνῃ","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"πόρωμεν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"}]},{"number":894,"label":"894","id":"b23-l894","source":"εἰ σύ γε σῷ θυμῷ ἐθέλοις· κέλομαι γὰρ ἔγωγε.","translation":"if your own heart is willing, for this is what I urge.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l894.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐθέλοις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλοις","gloss":"in your heart"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you are willing"},{"surface":"κέλομαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλομαι","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":895,"label":"895","id":"b23-l895","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"So he spoke, and Agamemnon, lord of men, did not disobey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l895.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησεν","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":896,"label":"896","id":"b23-l896","source":"δῶκε δὲ Μηριόνῃ δόρυ χάλκεον· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως","translation":"He gave the bronze spear to Meriones; but the hero","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l896.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he gave"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μηριόνῃ","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to Meriones"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but he"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἥρως","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δίδου","gloss":"the hero"}]},{"number":897,"label":"897","id":"b23-l897","source":"Ταλθυβίῳ κήρυκι δίδου περικαλλὲς ἄεθλον.","translation":"gave the splendid prize to Talthybius the herald.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b23-l897.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ταλθυβίῳ","lemma":"Ταλθύβιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"to Talthybius"},{"surface":"κήρυκι","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ταλθυβίῳ","gloss":"the herald"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"περικαλλὲς","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"prize"}]}]}