{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":24,"id":"book-24","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Ω","translated":"Book 24 — The Ransom of Hector"},"section":"The Ransom of Hector","summary":"Zeus orders Achilles to give up the body. Priam comes to his tent by night, and Achilles gives him his son. Hector is buried.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/24","lines":804},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/23","next":null,"license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b24-l1","source":"λῦτο δʼ ἀγών, λαοὶ δὲ θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἕκαστοι","translation":"The assembly broke up, and the people scattered, each to their swift ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λῦτο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγών","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λῦτο","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐσκίδναντ̓","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕκαστοι","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b24-l2","source":"ἐσκίδναντʼ ἰέναι. τοὶ μὲν δόρποιο μέδοντο","translation":"to go their ways. They turned their thoughts to supper","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσκίδναντ","lemma":"σκίδνημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐσκίδναντ̓","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μέδοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"δόρποιο","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"μέδοντο","lemma":"μέδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned their thoughts to"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b24-l3","source":"ὕπνου τε γλυκεροῦ ταρπήμεναι· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"and to having their fill of sweet sleep; but Achilles","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕπνου","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλυκεροῦ","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνου","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ταρπήμεναι","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to μέδοντο","gloss":"have their fill"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κλαῖε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b24-l4","source":"κλαῖε φίλου ἑτάρου μεμνημένος, οὐδέ μιν ὕπνος","translation":"wept, remembering his dear comrade, nor did sleep","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖε","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"φίλου","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάρου","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἑτάρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεμνημένος","gloss":"comrade"},{"surface":"μεμνημένος","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κλαῖε","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ᾕρει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾕρει","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b24-l5","source":"ᾕρει πανδαμάτωρ, ἀλλʼ ἐστρέφετʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα","translation":"the all-subduing take him, but he tossed this way and that,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πανδαμάτωρ","title":"Sleep, the all-subduing","body":"πανδαμάτωρ means \"subduing all.\" Sleep is personified through an epithet that makes its failure to master Achilles as striking as its ordinary power over every living thing."}],"words":[{"surface":"ᾕρει","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"πανδαμάτωρ","lemma":"πανδαμάτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"all-subduing"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐστρέφετ","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tossed"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b24-l6","source":"Πατρόκλου ποθέων ἀνδροτῆτά τε καὶ μένος ἠΰ,","translation":"longing for Patroclus' manhood and noble strength,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλου","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ποθέων","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐστρέφετ̓","gloss":"longing for"},{"surface":"ἀνδροτῆτά","lemma":"ἀνδρότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"manhood"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἠΰ","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b24-l7","source":"ἠδʼ ὁπόσα τολύπευσε σὺν αὐτῷ καὶ πάθεν ἄλγεα","translation":"and all he had accomplished with him, and all the pains he had suffered,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τολύπευσε","title":"Winding a task to its end","body":"τολυπεύω begins with the image of winding thread into a ball and comes to mean carrying a difficult work through to completion. Achilles remembers the whole tangled labor of the life he and Patroclus shared."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁπόσα","lemma":"ὁπόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τολύπευσε","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"τολύπευσε","lemma":"τολυπεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"accomplished"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάθεν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"suffered"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάθεν","gloss":"pains"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b24-l8","source":"ἀνδρῶν τε πτολέμους ἀλεγεινά τε κύματα πείρων·","translation":"passing through the wars of men and the grievous waves.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πτολέμους","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτολέμους","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινά","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύματα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"πείρων","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάθεν","gloss":"passing through"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b24-l9","source":"τῶν μιμνησκόμενος θαλερὸν κατὰ δάκρυον εἶβεν,","translation":"Remembering these things, he let fall a swelling tear,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μιμνησκόμενος","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μιμνησκόμενος","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶβεν","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"θαλερὸν","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυον","gloss":"swelling"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δάκρυον","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἶβεν","gloss":"tear"},{"surface":"εἶβεν","lemma":"εἴβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fall"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b24-l10","source":"ἄλλοτʼ ἐπὶ πλευρὰς κατακείμενος, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε","translation":"now lying on his side, and now again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτ","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατακείμενος","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πλευρὰς","lemma":"πλευρά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"sides"},{"surface":"κατακείμενος","lemma":"κατακείω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b24-l11","source":"ὕπτιος, ἄλλοτε δὲ πρηνής· τοτὲ δʼ ὀρθὸς ἀναστὰς","translation":"on his back, now face down; then rising upright,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕπτιος","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on his back"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρηνής","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"face down"},{"surface":"τοτὲ","lemma":"τοτέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δινεύεσκ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρθὸς","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"ἀναστὰς","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δινεύεσκ̓","gloss":"rising"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b24-l12","source":"δινεύεσκʼ ἀλύων παρὰ θῖνʼ ἁλός· οὐδέ μιν ἠὼς","translation":"he wandered distraught along the seashore; nor did Dawn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δινεύεσκʼ","title":"Grief as repeated wandering","body":"The iterative ending -σκ- presents Achilles' wandering as a repeated habit, not a single walk along the shore. The same iterative force continues through the dawn routine that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"δινεύεσκ","lemma":"δινεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"ἀλύων","lemma":"ἀλύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δινεύεσκ̓","gloss":"distraught"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"θῖν","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"ἁλός","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖν̓","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λήθεσκεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λήθεσκεν","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b24-l13","source":"φαινομένη λήθεσκεν ὑπεὶρ ἅλα τʼ ἠϊόνας τε.","translation":"escape his notice as she appeared over sea and shores.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φαινομένη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to λήθεσκεν","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"λήθεσκεν","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice"},{"surface":"ὑπεὶρ","lemma":"ὑπείρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠϊόνας","lemma":"ἠιών","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b24-l14","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἐπεὶ ζεύξειεν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους,","translation":"But whenever he had yoked the swift horses beneath his chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δησάσκετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ζεύξειεν","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"yoked"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἅρμασιν","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑφ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ζεύξειεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b24-l15","source":"Ἕκτορα δʼ ἕλκεσθαι δησάσκετο δίφρου ὄπισθεν,","translation":"he would bind Hector behind the car to be dragged,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δησάσκετο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλκεσθαι","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to δησάσκετο","gloss":"to be dragged"},{"surface":"δησάσκετο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would bind"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄπισθεν","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὄπισθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b24-l16","source":"τρὶς δʼ ἐρύσας περὶ σῆμα Μενοιτιάδαο θανόντος","translation":"and after hauling him three times around the tomb of Menoetius' dead son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρύσας","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρύσας","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παυέσκετο","gloss":"hauling"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"the tomb"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδαο","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"the son of Menoetius"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Μενοιτιάδαο","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b24-l17","source":"αὖτις ἐνὶ κλισίῃ παυέσκετο, τὸν δέ τʼ ἔασκεν","translation":"he would rest again in his hut, but leave Hector","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παυέσκετο","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"παυέσκετο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would rest"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔασκεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔασκεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would leave"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b24-l18","source":"ἐν κόνι ἐκτανύσας προπρηνέα· τοῖο δʼ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"stretched face down in the dust; yet Apollo","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κόνι","lemma":"κόνις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"ἐκτανύσας","lemma":"ἐκτανύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔασκεν","gloss":"having stretched out"},{"surface":"προπρηνέα","lemma":"προπρηνής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"face down"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄπεχε","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄπεχε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b24-l19","source":"πᾶσαν ἀεικείην ἄπεχε χροῒ φῶτʼ ἐλεαίρων","translation":"kept all disfigurement from his flesh, pitying the man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀεικείην","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀεικείην","lemma":"ἀεικία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄπεχε","gloss":"disfigurement"},{"surface":"ἄπεχε","lemma":"ἀπέχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept away"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄπεχε","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"φῶτ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλεαίρων","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίρων","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄπεχε","gloss":"pitying"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b24-l20","source":"καὶ τεθνηότα περ· περὶ δʼ αἰγίδι πάντα κάλυπτε","translation":"though he was dead, and covered him wholly with the aegis,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεθνηότα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies φῶτ̓","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγίδι","lemma":"αἰγίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κάλυπτε","gloss":"aegis"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κάλυπτε","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"κάλυπτε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b24-l21","source":"χρυσείῃ, ἵνα μή μιν ἀποδρύφοι ἑλκυστάζων.","translation":"golden, so Achilles would not tear his skin as he dragged him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσείῃ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδι","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποδρύφοι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀποδρύφοι","lemma":"ἀποδρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"tear away"},{"surface":"ἑλκυστάζων","lemma":"ἑλκυστάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποδρύφοι","gloss":"as he dragged"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b24-l22","source":"ὣς ὃ μὲν Ἕκτορα δῖον ἀείκιζεν μενεαίνων·","translation":"So in his fury he kept dishonoring godlike Hector;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀείκιζεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀείκιζεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀείκιζεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἀείκιζεν","lemma":"ἀεικίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept dishonoring"},{"surface":"μενεαίνων","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀείκιζεν","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b24-l23","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐλεαίρεσκον μάκαρες θεοὶ εἰσορόωντες,","translation":"but the blessed gods looked on and pitied him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλεαίρεσκον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίρεσκον","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"μάκαρες","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλεαίρεσκον","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντες","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλεαίρεσκον","gloss":"looked on"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b24-l24","source":"κλέψαι δʼ ὀτρύνεσκον ἐΰσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην.","translation":"and urged the keen-eyed slayer of Argus to steal him away.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐΰσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην","title":"Hermes named by epithets","body":"Hermes' name is absent: ἐΰσκοπος calls him keen-eyed or watchful, while ἀργεϊφόντης identifies him as the slayer of Argus. The paired titles are enough to name the divine thief and guide."}],"words":[{"surface":"κλέψαι","lemma":"κλέπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνεσκον","gloss":"to steal"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνεσκον","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"ἐΰσκοπον","lemma":"εὔσκοπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντην","gloss":"keen-eyed"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντην","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνεσκον","gloss":"slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b24-l25","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλοις μὲν πᾶσιν ἑήνδανεν, οὐδέ ποθʼ Ἥρῃ","translation":"This pleased all the others, but never Hera,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλλοις","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἑήνδανεν","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοις","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἑήνδανεν","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"ποθ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Ἥρῃ","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b24-l26","source":"οὐδὲ Ποσειδάωνʼ οὐδὲ γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ,","translation":"nor Poseidon, nor the bright-eyed maiden;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Poseidon","note":"Dative with a verb of pleasing (e.g. ἥνδανε, not in this excerpt): 'was pleasing to Poseidon.'"},{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"γλαυκώπιδι","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"maiden","note":"'The maiden' = Athena, identified by the epithet 'bright-eyed' (γλαυκῶπις)."}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b24-l27","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔχον ὥς σφιν πρῶτον ἀπήχθετο Ἴλιος ἱρὴ","translation":"they held to the hatred they first had borne sacred Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπήχθετο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπήχθετο","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπήχθετο","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀπήχθετο","lemma":"ἀπεχθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"was hated"},{"surface":"Ἴλιος","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρὴ","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιος","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b24-l28","source":"καὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκʼ ἄτης,","translation":"and Priam and his people, because of Paris' ruinous folly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l28.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκʼ ἄτης","title":"Paris' ruinous ate","body":"ἄτη is a blindness or delusion that drives a person into ruinous action and then names the ruin that follows. The Greek calls Paris Alexandros, but the established English name remains Paris."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαὸς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"Ἀλεξάνδρου","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄτης","gloss":"of Paris"},{"surface":"ἕνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"ἄτης","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκ̓","gloss":"ruin"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b24-l29","source":"ὃς νείκεσσε θεὰς ὅτε οἱ μέσσαυλον ἵκοντο,","translation":"who disparaged the goddesses when they came to his sheepfold,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νείκεσσε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νείκεσσε","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"disparaged"},{"surface":"θεὰς","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of νείκεσσε","gloss":"goddesses"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"μέσσαυλον","lemma":"μέσαυλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκοντο","gloss":"sheepfold"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to νείκεσσε","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b24-l30","source":"τὴν δʼ ᾔνησʼ ἥ οἱ πόρε μαχλοσύνην ἀλεγεινήν.","translation":"and praised the one who offered him grievous lust.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ᾔνησ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾔνησ","lemma":"αἰνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"praised"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πόρε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὴν","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"μαχλοσύνην","lemma":"μαχλοσύνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"lust"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινήν","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μαχλοσύνην","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b24-l31","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐκ τοῖο δυωδεκάτη γένετʼ ἠώς,","translation":"But when from that time the twelfth dawn had come,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"that time"},{"surface":"δυωδεκάτη","lemma":"δωδέκατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠώς","gloss":"the twelfth"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τότ̓","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b24-l32","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ ἀθανάτοισι μετηύδα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"then Phoebus Apollo spoke among the immortals:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετηύδα","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b24-l33","source":"σχέτλιοί ἐστε θεοί, δηλήμονες· οὔ νύ ποθʼ ὑμῖν","translation":"\"Cruel you are, gods, and doers of harm. Did Hector never","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιοί","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"ἐστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστε","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δηλήμονες","lemma":"δηλήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harm-doers"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ποθ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔκηε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔκηε","gloss":"for you"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b24-l34","source":"Ἕκτωρ μηρίʼ ἔκηε βοῶν αἰγῶν τε τελείων;","translation":"burn for you the thigh-pieces of bulls and unblemished goats?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκηε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μηρί","lemma":"μηρία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκηε","gloss":"thigh pieces"},{"surface":"ἔκηε","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"bulls"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τελείων","lemma":"τέλειος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγῶν","gloss":"unblemished"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b24-l35","source":"τὸν νῦν οὐκ ἔτλητε νέκυν περ ἐόντα σαῶσαι","translation":"Yet now you cannot bear to save him, though he is dead,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σαῶσαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτλητε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔτλητε","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could bear"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"σαῶσαι","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλητε","gloss":"save"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b24-l36","source":"ᾗ τʼ ἀλόχῳ ἰδέειν καὶ μητέρι καὶ τέκεϊ ᾧ","translation":"so that his wife may see him, and his mother and his child,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχῳ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλόχῳ","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"ἰδέειν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to σαῶσαι","gloss":"may see"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητέρι","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέκεϊ","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκεϊ","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b24-l37","source":"καὶ πατέρι Πριάμῳ λαοῖσί τε, τοί κέ μιν ὦκα","translation":"and his father Priam and his people, who would swiftly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατέρι","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"λαοῖσί","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κήαιεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κήαιεν","gloss":"swiftly"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b24-l38","source":"ἐν πυρὶ κήαιεν καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερίσαιεν.","translation":"burn him in fire and honor him with funeral gifts.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"κήαιεν","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"would burn"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"κτέρεα","lemma":"κτέρεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κτερίσαιεν","gloss":"funeral gifts"},{"surface":"κτερίσαιεν","lemma":"κτερίζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"honor with funeral gifts"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b24-l39","source":"ἀλλʼ ὀλοῷ Ἀχιλῆϊ θεοὶ βούλεσθʼ ἐπαρήγειν,","translation":"Instead, gods, you choose to help destructive Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὀλοῷ","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"destructive"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαρήγειν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of βούλεσθ̓","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"βούλεσθ","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you choose"},{"surface":"ἐπαρήγειν","lemma":"ἐπαρήγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βούλεσθ̓","gloss":"to help"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b24-l40","source":"ᾧ οὔτʼ ἂρ φρένες εἰσὶν ἐναίσιμοι οὔτε νόημα","translation":"whose thoughts are neither just, nor is his mind","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"thoughts"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"εἰσὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"ἐναίσιμοι","lemma":"ἐναίσιμος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένες","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"νόημα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b24-l41","source":"γναμπτὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι, λέων δʼ ὣς ἄγρια οἶδεν,","translation":"yielding within his breast; he knows savage ways, like a lion","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γναμπτὸν","lemma":"γναμπτός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νόημα","gloss":"yielding"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"his breast"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἄγρια","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of οἶδεν","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"οἶδεν","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b24-l42","source":"ὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ ἂρ μεγάλῃ τε βίῃ καὶ ἀγήνορι θυμῷ","translation":"that yields to its great strength and proud spirit","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶσ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μεγάλῃ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίῃ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορι","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b24-l43","source":"εἴξας εἶσʼ ἐπὶ μῆλα βροτῶν ἵνα δαῖτα λάβῃσιν·","translation":"and falls upon mortal men's flocks to seize a feast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴξας","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶσ̓","gloss":"yielding"},{"surface":"εἶσ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to λέων","gloss":"rushes"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"mortals'"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λάβῃσιν","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"λάβῃσιν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may seize"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b24-l44","source":"ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς ἔλεον μὲν ἀπώλεσεν, οὐδέ οἱ αἰδὼς","translation":"So Achilles has destroyed his pity, and no shame","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l44.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰδὼς","title":"Aidos: the check of shame","body":"αἰδώς is the felt regard for others that can restrain a person before dishonor. Apollo stresses its double edge: too much can harm a man, but its absence destroys the restraint owed to the dead and to society."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπώλεσεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπώλεσεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἔλεον","lemma":"ἔλεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώλεσεν","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἀπώλεσεν","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"αἰδὼς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνεται","gloss":"shame"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b24-l45","source":"γίγνεται, ἥ τʼ ἄνδρας μέγα σίνεται ἠδʼ ὀνίνησι.","translation":"comes to him, though shame does men both great harm and good.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σίνεται","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to σίνεται","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"σίνεται","lemma":"σίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"harms"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνίνησι","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"benefits"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b24-l46","source":"μέλλει μέν πού τις καὶ φίλτερον ἄλλον ὀλέσσαι","translation":"A man may well lose someone dearer still,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέλλει","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μέλλει","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"φίλτερον","lemma":"φίλτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"dearer"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ὀλέσσαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μέλλει","gloss":"lose"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b24-l47","source":"ἠὲ κασίγνητον ὁμογάστριον ἠὲ καὶ υἱόν·","translation":"a brother born from the same womb, or even a son;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κασίγνητον","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"ὁμογάστριον","lemma":"ὁμογάστριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κασίγνητον","gloss":"from the same womb"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b24-l48","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι κλαύσας καὶ ὀδυράμενος μεθέηκε·","translation":"yet when he has wept and mourned, he lets him go,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλαύσας","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀδυράμενος","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"by mourning"},{"surface":"μεθέηκε","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lets go"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b24-l49","source":"τλητὸν γὰρ Μοῖραι θυμὸν θέσαν ἀνθρώποισιν.","translation":"for the Fates gave mankind an enduring heart.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τλητὸν","lemma":"τλητός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"enduring"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Μοῖραι","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of θέσαν","gloss":"the Fates"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"mankind"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b24-l50","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ Ἕκτορα δῖον, ἐπεὶ φίλον ἦτορ ἀπηύρα,","translation":"But when Achilles robbed godlike Hector of his life,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλκει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλκει","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"robbed away"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b24-l51","source":"ἵππων ἐξάπτων περὶ σῆμʼ ἑτάροιο φίλοιο","translation":"he fastens him to his horses, and around his dear comrade's tomb","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξάπτων","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐξάπτων","lemma":"ἐξάπτω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκει","gloss":"fastening"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"σῆμ","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"tomb"},{"surface":"ἑτάροιο","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σῆμ̓","gloss":"comrade's"},{"surface":"φίλοιο","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροιο","gloss":"dear"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b24-l52","source":"ἕλκει· οὐ μήν οἱ τό γε κάλλιον οὐδέ τʼ ἄμεινον.","translation":"he drags him; this is surely neither finer nor better for Achilles.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκει","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drags"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μήν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κάλλιον","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"finer"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμεινον","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b24-l53","source":"μὴ ἀγαθῷ περ ἐόντι νεμεσσηθέωμέν οἱ ἡμεῖς·","translation":"Good though he is, let him beware lest we grow angry with him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"let him beware"},{"surface":"ἀγαθῷ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"though he is"},{"surface":"νεμεσσηθέωμέν","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may we grow angry"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεμεσσηθέωμέν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νεμεσσηθέωμέν","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b24-l54","source":"κωφὴν γὰρ δὴ γαῖαν ἀεικίζει μενεαίνων.","translation":"for in his fury he dishonors only unheeding earth.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κωφὴν","lemma":"κωφός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"unheeding"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀεικίζει","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἀεικίζει","lemma":"ἀεικίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"to dishonor"},{"surface":"μενεαίνων","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀεικίζει","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b24-l55","source":"τὸν δὲ χολωσαμένη προσέφη λευκώλενος Ἥρη·","translation":"Then white-armed Hera spoke to him in anger:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χολωσαμένη","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b24-l56","source":"εἴη κεν καὶ τοῦτο τεὸν ἔπος ἀργυρότοξε","translation":"\"This word of yours might stand, god of the silver bow,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l56.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀργυρότοξε","title":"Apollo in direct address","body":"ἀργυρότοξε is vocative, the case used in direct address. Hera calls Apollo \"god of the silver bow,\" invoking his familiar weapon even as she rebukes his defense of Hector."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might stand"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξε","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"silver-bowed god"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b24-l57","source":"εἰ δὴ ὁμὴν Ἀχιλῆϊ καὶ Ἕκτορι θήσετε τιμήν.","translation":"if you will grant equal honor to Achilles and Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὁμὴν","lemma":"ὁμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τιμήν","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"θήσετε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"will grant"},{"surface":"τιμήν","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θήσετε","gloss":"honor"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b24-l58","source":"Ἕκτωρ μὲν θνητός τε γυναῖκά τε θήσατο μαζόν·","translation":"Hector was mortal, and suckled at a woman's breast,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θνητός","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκά","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θήσατο","gloss":"a woman"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θήσατο","lemma":"θάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sucked"},{"surface":"μαζόν","lemma":"μαστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θήσατο","gloss":"breast"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b24-l59","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεύς ἐστι θεᾶς γόνος, ἣν ἐγὼ αὐτὴ","translation":"but Achilles is the offspring of a goddess, whom I myself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θεᾶς","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γόνος","gloss":"of a goddess"},{"surface":"γόνος","lemma":"γόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of θρέψά","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of θρέψά","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b24-l60","source":"θρέψά τε καὶ ἀτίτηλα καὶ ἀνδρὶ πόρον παράκοιτιν","translation":"nurtured and cherished and gave to a man as his wife,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θρέψά","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"I raised"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτίτηλα","lemma":"ἀτιτάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"cherished"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"πόρον","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"I gave"},{"surface":"παράκοιτιν","lemma":"παράκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b24-l61","source":"Πηλέϊ, ὃς περὶ κῆρι φίλος γένετʼ ἀθανάτοισι.","translation":"to Peleus, who was dear above all to the immortals' hearts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλέϊ","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"κῆρι","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to φίλος","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πηλέϊ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"immortals"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b24-l62","source":"πάντες δʼ ἀντιάασθε θεοὶ γάμου· ἐν δὲ σὺ τοῖσι","translation":"All you gods came to the wedding; and you among them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντιάασθε","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you attended"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀντιάασθε","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"γάμου","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντιάασθε","gloss":"wedding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαίνὐ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among them"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b24-l63","source":"δαίνυʼ ἔχων φόρμιγγα κακῶν ἕταρʼ, αἰὲν ἄπιστε.","translation":"feasted with your lyre, companion of wicked men, forever faithless.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you feasted"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δαίνὐ","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"φόρμιγγα","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"the lyre"},{"surface":"κακῶν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἕταῤ","gloss":"base men"},{"surface":"ἕταρ","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄπιστε","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἄπιστε","lemma":"ἄπιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἕταῤ","gloss":"faithless"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b24-l64","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπαμειβόμενος","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b24-l65","source":"Ἥρη μὴ δὴ πάμπαν ἀποσκύδμαινε θεοῖσιν·","translation":"\"Hera, do not be utterly angry with the gods.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποσκύδμαινε","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"ἀποσκύδμαινε","lemma":"ἀποσκυδμαίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be angry"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποσκύδμαινε","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b24-l66","source":"οὐ μὲν γὰρ τιμή γε μίʼ ἔσσεται· ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἕκτωρ","translation":"Their honor will not be one and the same; yet Hector too","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τιμή","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μί","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσκε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b24-l67","source":"φίλτατος ἔσκε θεοῖσι βροτῶν οἳ ἐν Ἰλίῳ εἰσίν·","translation":"was dearest to the gods of all the mortals who live in Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φίλτατος","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλτατος","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσίν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἰλίῳ","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in Ilion"},{"surface":"εἰσίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βροτῶν","gloss":"live"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b24-l68","source":"ὣς γὰρ ἔμοιγʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι φίλων ἡμάρτανε δώρων.","translation":"and so he was to me, for he never failed in gifts that pleased me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔμοιγ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἡμάρτανε","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώρων","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"ἡμάρτανε","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"failed in"},{"surface":"δώρων","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἡμάρτανε","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b24-l69","source":"οὐ γάρ μοί ποτε βωμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης","translation":"For never did my altar lack the fair-shared feast,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l69.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαιτὸς ἐΐσης","title":"The fair-shared feast","body":"δαὶς ἐΐση is the fixed Homeric phrase for a feast whose portions are fairly divided. Sacrificial gods receive their allotted share just as human guests do at a properly ordered banquet."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐδεύετο","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐδεύετο","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"βωμὸς","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"altar"},{"surface":"ἐδεύετο","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"ἐΐσης","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὸς","gloss":"fair-shared"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b24-l70","source":"λοιβῆς τε κνίσης τε· τὸ γὰρ λάχομεν γέρας ἡμεῖς.","translation":"the libation and the savor of fat — for that is the honor we have won.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λοιβῆς","lemma":"λοιβή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"libation"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κνίσης","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"savor of fat"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of λάχομεν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"λάχομεν","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we received"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"privilege"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λάχομεν","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b24-l71","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι κλέψαι μὲν ἐάσομεν, οὐδέ πῃ ἔστι,","translation":"But we shall not permit him to be stolen; nor is there any way","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλέψαι","lemma":"κλέπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"to steal him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐάσομεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shall permit"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b24-l72","source":"λάθρῃ Ἀχιλλῆος θρασὺν Ἕκτορα· ἦ γάρ οἱ αἰεὶ","translation":"to take bold Hector secretly from Achilles, for always","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάθρῃ","lemma":"λάθρῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"secretly"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λάθρῃ","gloss":"from Achilles"},{"surface":"θρασὺν","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κλέψαι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρμέμβλωκεν","gloss":"beside him"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρμέμβλωκεν","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b24-l73","source":"μήτηρ παρμέμβλωκεν ὁμῶς νύκτάς τε καὶ ἦμαρ.","translation":"his mother stays close beside him, alike by night and day.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρμέμβλωκεν","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"παρμέμβλωκεν","lemma":"παραβλώσκω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands beside"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"νύκτάς","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b24-l74","source":"ἀλλʼ εἴ τις καλέσειε θεῶν Θέτιν ἆσσον ἐμεῖο,","translation":"But if one of the gods would call Thetis nearer to me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καλέσειε","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"καλέσειε","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would call"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"Θέτιν","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καλέσειε","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"comparative adverb","role":"object of καλέσειε","gloss":"nearer"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἆσσον","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b24-l75","source":"ὄφρά τί οἱ εἴπω πυκινὸν ἔπος, ὥς κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"so I may speak to her a close-woven counsel, that Achilles","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρά","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"πυκινὸν","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"close-woven"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάχῃ","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b24-l76","source":"δώρων ἐκ Πριάμοιο λάχῃ ἀπό θʼ Ἕκτορα λύσῃ.","translation":"may take gifts from Priam and release Hector.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώρων","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of λάχῃ","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"λάχῃ","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"may accept"},{"surface":"ἀπό","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λύσῃ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"λύσῃ","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"may release"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b24-l77","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δὲ Ἶρις ἀελλόπος ἀγγελέουσα,","translation":"So he spoke, and storm-footed Iris rose to carry the message,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l77.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἶρις ἀελλόπος","title":"Storm-footed Iris","body":"ἀελλόπος joins Iris to the rush of a storm wind. It is held as \"storm-footed,\" distinct from her other fixed epithets \"wind-footed swift\" and \"swift-footed.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"ἀελλόπος","lemma":"ἀελλόπος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"storm-footed"},{"surface":"ἀγγελέουσα","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"carry the message"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b24-l78","source":"μεσσηγὺς δὲ Σάμου τε καὶ Ἴμβρου παιπαλοέσσης","translation":"and midway between Samothrace and rugged Imbros","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεσσηγὺς","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σάμου","lemma":"Σάμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Samothrace"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἴμβρου","lemma":"Ἴμβρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Imbros"},{"surface":"παιπαλοέσσης","lemma":"παιπαλόεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴμβρου","gloss":"rugged"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b24-l79","source":"ἔνθορε μείλανι πόντῳ· ἐπεστονάχησε δὲ λίμνη.","translation":"she plunged into the dark sea; the waters groaned around her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθορε","lemma":"ἐνθρώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plunged"},{"surface":"μείλανι","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνθορε","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐπεστονάχησε","lemma":"ἐπιστοναχέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned around her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίμνη","lemma":"λίμνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεστονάχησε","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b24-l80","source":"ἣ δὲ μολυβδαίνῃ ἰκέλη ἐς βυσσὸν ὄρουσεν,","translation":"She darted to the depths like a leaden weight","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄρουσεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μολυβδαίνῃ","lemma":"μολύβδαινα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰκέλη","gloss":"leaden weight"},{"surface":"ἰκέλη","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"βυσσὸν","lemma":"βυσσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the depths"},{"surface":"ὄρουσεν","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"darted"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b24-l81","source":"ἥ τε κατʼ ἀγραύλοιο βοὸς κέρας ἐμβεβαυῖα","translation":"set into the horn of a field-grazing ox,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχεται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἀγραύλοιο","lemma":"ἄγραυλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοὸς","gloss":"field-dwelling"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κέρας","gloss":"ox"},{"surface":"κέρας","lemma":"κέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"horn"},{"surface":"ἐμβεβαυῖα","lemma":"ἐμβαίνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεται","gloss":"set into"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b24-l82","source":"ἔρχεται ὠμηστῇσιν ἐπʼ ἰχθύσι κῆρα φέρουσα.","translation":"which goes among ravenous fish, carrying death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μολυβδαίνῃ","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"ὠμηστῇσιν","lemma":"ὠμηστής","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἰχθύσι","gloss":"flesh-eating"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἰχθύσι","lemma":"ἰχθύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"fish"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέρουσα","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"φέρουσα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεται","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b24-l83","source":"εὗρε δʼ ἐνὶ σπῆϊ γλαφυρῷ Θέτιν, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἄλλαι","translation":"She found Thetis in a hollow cave, and around her the other","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρε","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπῆϊ","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῷ","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπῆϊ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"Θέτιν","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εὗρε","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵαθ̓","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλλαι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεαί","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b24-l84","source":"εἵαθʼ ὁμηγερέες ἅλιαι θεαί· ἣ δʼ ἐνὶ μέσσῃς","translation":"goddesses of the sea sat gathered; she in their midst","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵαθ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ὁμηγερέες","lemma":"ὁμηγερής","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gathered together"},{"surface":"ἅλιαι","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεαί","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"θεαί","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἵαθ̓","gloss":"goddesses"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κλαῖε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσῃς","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"their midst"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b24-l85","source":"κλαῖε μόρον οὗ παιδὸς ἀμύμονος, ὅς οἱ ἔμελλε","translation":"wept for the doom of her blameless son, who was destined","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l85.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅς οἱ ἔμελλε","title":"A fate still ahead","body":"ἔμελλε with the infinitive continuing in the next line marks what Achilles was destined to undergo. Hector is already dead, but Achilles' own appointed death still lies ahead of the present scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖε","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"μόρον","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κλαῖε","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μόρον","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμελλε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλε","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"ἔμελλε","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing παιδὸς","gloss":"was destined"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b24-l86","source":"φθίσεσθʼ ἐν Τροίῃ ἐριβώλακι τηλόθι πάτρης.","translation":"to die in Troy of the rich soil, far from his homeland.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθίσεσθ","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλε","gloss":"to perish"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλακι","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίῃ","gloss":"rich-soiled"},{"surface":"τηλόθι","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φθίσεσθ̓","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τηλόθι","gloss":"homeland"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b24-l87","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις·","translation":"Standing close by, swift-footed Iris spoke to her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱσταμένη","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱσταμένη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκέα","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b24-l88","source":"ὄρσο Θέτι· καλέει Ζεὺς ἄφθιτα μήδεα εἰδώς.","translation":"\"Rise, Thetis; Zeus, who knows imperishable counsels, calls you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l88.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄφθιτα μήδεα","title":"Counsels that do not perish","body":"ἄφθιτος means unwasting or imperishable. Applied to Zeus' μήδεα, it presents his designs as enduring in force until they reach fulfillment."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρσο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"Θέτι","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"καλέει","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καλέει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄφθιτα","lemma":"ἄφθιτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μήδεα","gloss":"imperishable"},{"surface":"μήδεα","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b24-l89","source":"τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα·","translation":"Then the goddess, silver-footed Thetis, answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζα","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"silver-footed"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b24-l90","source":"τίπτέ με κεῖνος ἄνωγε μέγας θεός; αἰδέομαι δὲ","translation":"\"Why does that mighty god command me? I feel shame","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτέ","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄνωγε","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἄνωγε","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commands"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄνωγε","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"αἰδέομαι","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I feel shame"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b24-l91","source":"μίσγεσθʼ ἀθανάτοισιν, ἔχω δʼ ἄχεʼ ἄκριτα θυμῷ.","translation":"to mingle with the immortals, for I hold boundless grief in my heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίσγεσθ","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of αἰδέομαι","gloss":"to mingle"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μίσγεσθ̓","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"ἔχω","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχε","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχω","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἄκριτα","lemma":"ἄκριτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχἐ","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχω","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b24-l92","source":"εἶμι μέν, οὐδʼ ἅλιον ἔπος ἔσσεται ὅττί κεν εἴπῃ.","translation":"Yet I will go, and whatever word he speaks shall not be fruitless.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπῃ","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"he speaks"},{"surface":"εἴπῃ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔπος","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b24-l93","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα κάλυμμʼ ἕλε δῖα θεάων","translation":"So speaking, the shining one among goddesses took a veil","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασα","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"κάλυμμ","lemma":"κάλυμμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"a veil"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b24-l94","source":"κυάνεον, τοῦ δʼ οὔ τι μελάντερον ἔπλετο ἔσθος.","translation":"of dark blue, and no garment was blacker than it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l94.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κυάνεον","title":"The darkest blue","body":"κυάνεος names a deep blue so dark that the next phrase can call the veil the blackest of garments. The color makes Thetis' clothing an outward sign of mourning."}],"words":[{"surface":"κυάνεον","lemma":"κυάνεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάλυμμ̓","gloss":"dark blue"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μελάντερον","gloss":"than it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"μελάντερον","lemma":"μελάντερον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"blacker"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἔσθος","lemma":"ἔσθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"garment"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b24-l95","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι, πρόσθεν δὲ ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις","translation":"She set out, and wind-footed swift Iris went before her","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἡγεῖτ̓","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποδήνεμος","lemma":"ποδήνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"wind-footed"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεῖτ̓","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b24-l96","source":"ἡγεῖτʼ· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα σφι λιάζετο κῦμα θαλάσσης.","translation":"and led the way; around them the wave of the sea drew back.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγεῖτ","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"λιάζετο","lemma":"λιάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of λιάζετο","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b24-l97","source":"ἀκτὴν δʼ ἐξαναβᾶσαι ἐς οὐρανὸν ἀϊχθήτην,","translation":"Climbing onto the shore, the two darted up to heaven,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l97.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐξαναβᾶσαι ἐς οὐρανὸν ἀϊχθήτην","title":"A plural participle with a dual verb","body":"The feminine plural participle ἐξαναβᾶσαι refers to Thetis and Iris, while the dual verb ἀϊχθήτην marks them as precisely two travelers. Greek can combine these number forms for the same pair."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκτὴν","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξαναβᾶσαι","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξαναβᾶσαι","lemma":"ἐξαναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀϊχθήτην","gloss":"climbing onto"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἀϊχθήτην","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"darted"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b24-l98","source":"εὗρον δʼ εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην, περὶ δʼ ἄλλοι ἅπαντες","translation":"and found the wide-thundering son of Cronos, while all the others","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρον","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίδην","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Κρονίδην","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρον","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵαθ̓","gloss":"around him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b24-l99","source":"εἵαθʼ ὁμηγερέες μάκαρες θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες.","translation":"sat gathered around him, the blessed gods who live forever.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵαθ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ὁμηγερέες","lemma":"ὁμηγερής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gathered together"},{"surface":"μάκαρες","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἵαθ̓","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντες","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"living"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b24-l100","source":"ἣ δʼ ἄρα πὰρ Διὶ πατρὶ καθέζετο, εἶξε δʼ Ἀθήνη.","translation":"Thetis sat beside father Zeus, and Athena yielded her seat.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καθέζετο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"εἶξε","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yielded"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἶξε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b24-l101","source":"Ἥρη δὲ χρύσεον καλὸν δέπας ἐν χερὶ θῆκε","translation":"Hera placed a beautiful golden cup in her hand","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θῆκε","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρύσεον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b24-l102","source":"καί ῥʼ εὔφρηνʼ ἐπέεσσι· Θέτις δʼ ὤρεξε πιοῦσα.","translation":"and comforted her with words; Thetis drank, then handed back the cup.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εὔφρην","lemma":"εὐφραίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cheered"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εὔφρην̓","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὤρεξε","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤρεξε","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"handed the cup"},{"surface":"πιοῦσα","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὤρεξε","gloss":"after drinking"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b24-l103","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·","translation":"Then among them the father of men and gods began to speak:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l103.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε","title":"The father of men and gods","body":"This fixed title names Zeus by his sovereign place over both mortal and immortal communities. It marks his speech as the ruling settlement of the gods' dispute."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"the father"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b24-l104","source":"ἤλυθες Οὔλυμπον δὲ θεὰ Θέτι κηδομένη περ,","translation":"\"You have come to Olympus, goddess Thetis, though you grieve,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have come"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλυθες","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Θέτι","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"κηδομένη","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθες","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b24-l105","source":"πένθος ἄλαστον ἔχουσα μετὰ φρεσίν· οἶδα καὶ αὐτός·","translation":"with unforgettable sorrow in your heart; I know it myself.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσα","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"ἄλαστον","lemma":"ἄλαστος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"unforgettable"},{"surface":"ἔχουσα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθες","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b24-l106","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἐρέω τοῦ σʼ εἵνεκα δεῦρο κάλεσσα.","translation":"Yet even so I will tell why I called you here.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρέω","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κάλεσσα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for this reason"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κάλεσσα","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κάλεσσα","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"I called"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b24-l107","source":"ἐννῆμαρ δὴ νεῖκος ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν ὄρωρεν","translation":"For nine days now a quarrel has risen among the immortals","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννῆμαρ","lemma":"ἐννῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρωρεν","gloss":"for nine days"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄρωρεν","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"ὄρωρεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has risen"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b24-l108","source":"Ἕκτορος ἀμφὶ νέκυι καὶ Ἀχιλλῆϊ πτολιπόρθῳ·","translation":"over Hector's corpse and Achilles, sacker of cities.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νέκυι","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"νέκυι","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"πτολιπόρθῳ","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆϊ","gloss":"sacker of cities"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b24-l109","source":"κλέψαι δʼ ὀτρύνουσιν ἐΰσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην·","translation":"They urge the keen-eyed slayer of Argus to steal the body,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλέψαι","lemma":"κλέπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνουσιν","gloss":"to steal"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνουσιν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"ἐΰσκοπον","lemma":"εὔσκοπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντην","gloss":"keen-eyed"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντην","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνουσιν","gloss":"slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b24-l110","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ τόδε κῦδος Ἀχιλλῆϊ προτιάπτω","translation":"but I shall grant this glory to Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προτιάπτω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτιάπτω","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προτιάπτω","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"προτιάπτω","lemma":"προσάπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall grant"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b24-l111","source":"αἰδῶ καὶ φιλότητα τεὴν μετόπισθε φυλάσσων.","translation":"preserving your honor and your friendship in days to come.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l111.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰδῶ καὶ φιλότητα","title":"Regard and intimate bond","body":"αἰδώς here is Zeus' regard for Thetis' dignity, while φιλότης names the bond of affection and obligation between them. His settlement protects that relationship as well as Achilles' honor."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδῶ","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φιλότητα","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"friendship"},{"surface":"τεὴν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μετόπισθε","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φυλάσσων","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"φυλάσσων","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προτιάπτω","gloss":"preserving"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b24-l112","source":"αἶψα μάλʼ ἐς στρατὸν ἐλθὲ καὶ υἱέϊ σῷ ἐπίτειλον·","translation":"Go swiftly to the camp and lay this command upon your son:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλθὲ","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"ἐλθὲ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱέϊ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπίτειλον","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱέϊ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐπίτειλον","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay this command"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b24-l113","source":"σκύζεσθαί οἱ εἰπὲ θεούς, ἐμὲ δʼ ἔξοχα πάντων","translation":"tell him the gods are angry with him, and I, above all","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκύζεσθαί","lemma":"σκύζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"are angry"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"θεούς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of σκύζεσθαί","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεχολῶσθαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔξοχα","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεχολῶσθαι","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀθανάτων","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b24-l114","source":"ἀθανάτων κεχολῶσθαι, ὅτι φρεσὶ μαινομένῃσιν","translation":"the immortals, am enraged, because in his maddened heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχα","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"κεχολῶσθαι","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μαινομένῃσιν","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural feminine","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"maddened","note":"The participle modifies 'heart'; it does not mean 'rages' here."}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b24-l115","source":"Ἕκτορʼ ἔχει παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν οὐδʼ ἀπέλυσεν,","translation":"he keeps Hector beside the curved ships and has not released him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l115.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν","title":"Curved ships","body":"κορωνίς describes the ships by their curving ends or sterns. The inherited \"curved ships\" remains distinct from Homer's other fixed fleet epithets such as swift, hollow, black, and well-benched."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κορωνίσιν","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"ἀπέλυσεν","lemma":"ἀπολύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"released"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b24-l116","source":"αἴ κέν πως ἐμέ τε δείσῃ ἀπό θʼ Ἕκτορα λύσῃ.","translation":"so that perhaps he may fear me and release Hector.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἐμέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δείσῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δείσῃ","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ἀπό","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λύσῃ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"λύσῃ","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"would release"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b24-l117","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Πριάμῳ μεγαλήτορι Ἶριν ἐφήσω","translation":"Meanwhile I will send Iris to great-hearted Priam,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφήσω","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφήσω","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορι","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πριάμῳ","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἶριν","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφήσω","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"ἐφήσω","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will send"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b24-l118","source":"λύσασθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἰόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"so he may ransom his dear son, going to the ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύσασθαι","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"to ransom","note":"Aorist middle infinitive expressing Priam's purpose."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λύσασθαι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἰόντ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b24-l119","source":"δῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν, τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ.","translation":"and carry gifts to Achilles that may soothe his heart.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φερέμεν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φερέμεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"φερέμεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἰήνῃ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰήνῃ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἰήνῃ","lemma":"ἰαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"may soothe","note":"In context the gifts are to soothe Achilles' heart."}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b24-l120","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα,","translation":"So he spoke, and the goddess, silver-footed Thetis, did not disobey,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζα","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"silver-footed"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b24-l121","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀΐξασα,","translation":"but went darting down from the peaks of Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καρήνων","gloss":"of Olympus"},{"surface":"καρήνων","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀΐξασα","gloss":"peaks"},{"surface":"ἀΐξασα","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"darting"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b24-l122","source":"ἷξεν δʼ ἐς κλισίην οὗ υἱέος· ἔνθʼ ἄρα τόν γε","translation":"and came to her son's hut; there she found him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷξεν","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to","note":"The preposition marks motion to the hut."},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱέος","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"υἱέος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"son's","note":"Genitive singular modifying 'hut'."},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗῤ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὗῤ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b24-l123","source":"εὗρʼ ἁδινὰ στενάχοντα· φίλοι δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι","translation":"groaning heavily, while his dear comrades around him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρ","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ἁδινὰ","lemma":"ἁδινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντα","gloss":"heavily","note":"Adverbial accusative describing the groaning."},{"surface":"στενάχοντα","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around","note":"The following pronoun supplies 'him'."},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"him","note":"Object of 'around'."},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b24-l124","source":"ἐσσυμένως ἐπένοντο καὶ ἐντύνοντο ἄριστον·","translation":"worked busily and prepared the morning meal;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσσυμένως","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπένοντο","gloss":"busily","note":"Adverb modifying 'worked'."},{"surface":"ἐπένοντο","lemma":"πένομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"worked","note":"Finite verb; the prior gloss was shifted from the adverb."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐντύνοντο","lemma":"ἐντύνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prepared"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐντύνοντο","gloss":"morning meal","note":"Here ariston is the morning meal, not the adjective 'best'."}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b24-l125","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ὄϊς λάσιος μέγας ἐν κλισίῃ ἱέρευτο.","translation":"a great shaggy sheep had been sacrificed for them in the hut.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἱέρευτο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄϊς","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱέρευτο","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"λάσιος","lemma":"λάσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄϊς","gloss":"shaggy"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄϊς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"ἱέρευτο","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacrificed"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b24-l126","source":"ἣ δὲ μάλʼ ἄγχʼ αὐτοῖο καθέζετο πότνια μήτηρ,","translation":"His queenly mother sat very close beside him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἄγχ","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖο","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄγχ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b24-l127","source":"χειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"and stroked him with her hand, and spoke to him, and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέρεξεν","gloss":"with her hand"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέρεξεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατέρεξεν","lemma":"καταρρέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stroked"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"The preverb belongs with 'called by name' and does not itself mean 'by name'."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b24-l128","source":"τέκνον ἐμὸν τέο μέχρις ὀδυρόμενος καὶ ἀχεύων","translation":"\"My child, how long will you go on grieving and sorrowing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τέο","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μέχρις","gloss":"why","note":"Interrogative genitive in the phrase asking how long/why."},{"surface":"μέχρις","lemma":"μέχρι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"how long","note":"Mechris supplies the temporal sense of the question."},{"surface":"ὀδυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"mourning","note":"Circumstantial participle, not an instrumental phrase."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀχεύων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"grieving"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b24-l129","source":"σὴν ἔδεαι κραδίην μεμνημένος οὔτέ τι σίτου","translation":"devouring your heart, remembering neither food","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὴν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κραδίην","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἔδεαι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devour"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔδεαι","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μεμνημένος","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδεαι","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to σίτου","gloss":"at all","note":"Enclitic indefinite reinforcing 'neither food at all'."},{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b24-l130","source":"οὔτʼ εὐνῆς; ἀγαθὸν δὲ γυναικί περ ἐν φιλότητι","translation":"nor bed? Yet it is good with a woman, in love,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l130.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γυναικί περ ἐν φιλότητι","title":"Philotes as sexual love","body":"In this intimate context φιλότης means sexual love, and μίσγεσθαι in the next line means to join with another person. Thetis speaks plainly because Achilles' remaining life is short, not to diminish his mourning for Patroclus."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὐνῆς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικί","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μίσγεσθ̓","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b24-l131","source":"μίσγεσθʼ· οὐ γάρ μοι δηρὸν βέῃ, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη","translation":"to join; for you will not remain alive for me long; already","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίσγεσθ","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to join"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to βέῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βέῃ","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"βέῃ","lemma":"βέομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will live"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to παρέστηκεν","gloss":"for you","note":"Dative pronoun; negation belongs to ou earlier in the clause."},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέστηκεν","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b24-l132","source":"ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή.","translation":"death and mighty fate stand close beside you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέστηκεν","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"παρέστηκεν","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands near","note":"Perfect finite verb, not an infinitive."},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"κραταιή","lemma":"κραταιός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρα","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b24-l133","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα, Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι·","translation":"But heed me quickly, for I come to you as Zeus' messenger:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"Adversative conjunction."},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ξύνες","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ξύνες","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heed","note":"Imperative meaning understand or heed."},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξύνες","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄγγελός","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰμι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἄγγελός","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am","note":"Copula in 'I am a messenger', not a verb of motion."}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b24-l134","source":"σκύζεσθαι σοί φησι θεούς, ἑὲ δʼ ἔξοχα πάντων","translation":"he says the gods are angry with you, and he, above all","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκύζεσθαι","lemma":"σκύζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"are angry","note":"Infinitive in indirect speech with 'the gods' as subject."},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σκύζεσθαι","gloss":"with you","note":"Dative complement of 'are angry'."},{"surface":"φησι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"θεούς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of σκύζεσθαι","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἑὲ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεχολῶσθαι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔξοχα","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεχολῶσθαι","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀθανάτων","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b24-l135","source":"ἀθανάτων κεχολῶσθαι, ὅτι φρεσὶ μαινομένῃσιν","translation":"the immortals, is enraged, because in your maddened heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχα","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"κεχολῶσθαι","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μαινομένῃσιν","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural feminine","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"maddened","note":"The participle modifies 'heart'."}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b24-l136","source":"Ἕκτορʼ ἔχεις παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν οὐδʼ ἀπέλυσας.","translation":"you keep Hector beside the curved ships and have not released him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἔχεις","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κορωνίσιν","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"ἀπέλυσας","lemma":"ἀπολύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"released"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b24-l137","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ λῦσον, νεκροῖο δὲ δέξαι ἄποινα.","translation":"But come, release him, and accept ransom for the body.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"λῦσον","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"release","note":"Aorist imperative addressed to Achilles."},{"surface":"νεκροῖο","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δέξαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέξαι","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b24-l138","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed Achilles answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"feet","note":"Noun in the epithet 'swift as to his feet'; 'swift' is the next word."},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b24-l139","source":"τῇδʼ εἴη· ὃς ἄποινα φέροι καὶ νεκρὸν ἄγοιτο,","translation":"\"So let it be. Let the man who brings the ransom take the corpse,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇδ","lemma":"τῇδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"thus","note":"Adverb meaning 'in this way', not a locative 'here'."},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it be","note":"Optative copula expressing assent."},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέροι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέροι","gloss":"ransom"},{"surface":"φέροι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ἄγοιτο","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγοιτο","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἄγοιτο","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b24-l140","source":"εἰ δὴ πρόφρονι θυμῷ Ὀλύμπιος αὐτὸς ἀνώγει.","translation":"if the Olympian himself commands it with willing heart.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πρόφρονι","lemma":"πρόφρονι","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνώγει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b24-l141","source":"ὣς οἵ γʼ ἐν νηῶν ἀγύρει μήτηρ τε καὶ υἱὸς","translation":"So there amid the gathering of ships, mother and son","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγύρει","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀγύρει","lemma":"ἄγυρις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"gathering","note":"The noun denotes an assembly or gathering, not a heap."},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b24-l142","source":"πολλὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευον.","translation":"spoke many winged words to one another.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to","note":"Preposition; 'one another' is supplied by the following pronoun."},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"words","note":"The adjective 'winged' is a separate token."},{"surface":"πτερόεντ","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b24-l143","source":"Ἶριν δʼ ὄτρυνε Κρονίδης εἰς Ἴλιον ἱρήν·","translation":"But the son of Cronos urged Iris toward sacred Ilion:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l143.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἴλιον ἱρήν","title":"Sacred Ilion","body":"ἱρήν, the epic feminine form of \"sacred,\" marks Ilion as a city under divine regard even at the brink of destruction. Homer uses Ilion here, not the locally distinct name Troy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἶριν","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρήν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b24-l144","source":"βάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα λιποῦσʼ ἕδος Οὐλύμποιο","translation":"\"Up, go, swift Iris, leave the seat of Olympus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάσκ","lemma":"βάσκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"Ἶρι","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"ταχεῖα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"λιποῦσ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἄγγειλον","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"ἕδος","lemma":"ἕδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λιποῦσ̓","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕδος","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b24-l145","source":"ἄγγειλον Πριάμῳ μεγαλήτορι Ἴλιον εἴσω","translation":"and tell great-hearted Priam within Ilion","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγγειλον","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγγειλον","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορι","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πριάμῳ","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies εἴσω","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b24-l146","source":"λύσασθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἰόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"so he may ransom his dear son, going to the ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύσασθαι","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to ransom","note":"Aorist middle infinitive expressing Priam's purpose."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λύσασθαι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἰόντ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λύσασθαι","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b24-l147","source":"δῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ","translation":"and bring Achilles gifts that may soothe his heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φερέμεν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φερέμεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"φερέμεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἰήνῃ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰήνῃ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἰήνῃ","lemma":"ἰαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"may soothe","note":"In context the gifts are to soothe Achilles' heart."}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b24-l148","source":"οἶον, μὴ δέ τις ἄλλος ἅμα Τρώων ἴτω ἀνήρ.","translation":"Alone; let no other Trojan man go as companion.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"any","note":"Indefinite pronoun in 'no other man'."},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴτω","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ἴτω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴτω","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b24-l149","source":"κῆρύξ τίς οἱ ἕποιτο γεραίτερος, ὅς κʼ ἰθύνοι","translation":"Let some older herald follow him, one who can guide","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l149.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅς κʼ ἰθύνοι","title":"A herald who can guide","body":"The relative clause uses the optative ἰθύνοι with κεν to describe the sort of herald Priam needs: one capable of guiding the team. The mood makes this a desired qualification, not a claim about a named man already chosen."}],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρύξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποιτο","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κῆρύξ","gloss":"some","note":"Indefinite modifying 'herald', not an interrogative."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕποιτο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἕποιτο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"γεραίτερος","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies κῆρύξ","gloss":"older"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἰθύνοι","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"guide"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b24-l150","source":"ἡμιόνους καὶ ἄμαξαν ἐΰτροχον, ἠδὲ καὶ αὖτις","translation":"the mules and the smooth-running wagon, and then again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμιόνους","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμαξαν","lemma":"ἄμαξα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wagon"},{"surface":"ἐΰτροχον","lemma":"εὔτροχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄμαξαν","gloss":"smooth-running"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγοι","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b24-l151","source":"νεκρὸν ἄγοι προτὶ ἄστυ, τὸν ἔκτανε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"bring back to the city the dead man godlike Achilles killed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγοι","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"ἄγοι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκτανε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔκτανε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νεκρὸν","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκτανε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b24-l152","source":"μὴ δέ τί οἱ θάνατος μελέτω φρεσὶ μὴ δέ τι τάρβος·","translation":"Let neither death weigh on his mind nor any fear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μελέτω","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μελέτω","gloss":"for him","note":"Dative pronoun referring to Priam."},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μελέτω","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"μελέτω","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weigh on his mind","note":"Present imperative; the prior gloss incorrectly used past tense."},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μελέτω","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"τάρβος","lemma":"τάρβος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fear"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b24-l153","source":"τοῖον γάρ οἱ πομπὸν ὀπάσσομεν ἀργεϊφόντην,","translation":"for we shall give him such a guide, the slayer of Argus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l153.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀργεϊφόντην","title":"Hermes, slayer of Argus","body":"ἀργεϊφόντης is Hermes' standing title, remembered as \"slayer of Argus.\" Zeus does not name Hermes directly here, but the epithet makes the promised divine escort unmistakable."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πομπὸν","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀπάσσομεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πομπὸν","lemma":"πομπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"guide"},{"surface":"ὀπάσσομεν","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντην","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b24-l154","source":"ὃς ἄξει εἷός κεν ἄγων Ἀχιλῆϊ πελάσσῃ.","translation":"who will lead him until he has brought him near Achilles.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄξει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἄξει","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀργεϊφόντην","gloss":"will lead"},{"surface":"εἷός","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may","note":"Modal particle with the subjunctive."},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πελάσσῃ","gloss":"leading","note":"Present participle, simultaneous with bringing him near."},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πελάσσῃ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"πελάσσῃ","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἷός","gloss":"bring near","note":"Aorist subjunctive, not a past-tense gloss."}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b24-l155","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἀγάγῃσιν ἔσω κλισίην Ἀχιλῆος,","translation":"And when he has led his charge inside Achilles' hut,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀγάγῃσιν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ἔσω","lemma":"ἔσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔσω","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b24-l156","source":"οὔτʼ αὐτὸς κτενέει ἀπό τʼ ἄλλους πάντας ἐρύξει·","translation":"Achilles will not kill the suppliant, and will keep all the others back.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself","note":"Refers to Achilles, not the speaker."},{"surface":"κτενέει","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"ἀπό","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away","note":"Adverbial preverb with 'keep back'."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐρύξει","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐρύξει","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will keep back","note":"Future verb."}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b24-l157","source":"οὔτε γάρ ἐστʼ ἄφρων οὔτʼ ἄσκοπος οὔτʼ ἀλιτήμων,","translation":"For he is neither witless, reckless, nor a man of sin,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l157.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄφρων οὔτʼ ἄσκοπος οὔτʼ ἀλιτήμων","title":"Three denials of lawless folly","body":"Zeus piles up three negatives: Achilles is not without sense, not heedless of what lies before him, and not a willful offender. The assurance rests on his capacity to recognize and honor a suppliant."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἄφρων","lemma":"ἄφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"witless"},{"surface":"οὔτ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄσκοπος","lemma":"ἄσκοπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"reckless"},{"surface":"οὔτ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλιτήμων","lemma":"ἀλιτήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sinful"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b24-l158","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐνδυκέως ἱκέτεω πεφιδήσεται ἀνδρός.","translation":"but will take utmost care to spare a man who comes as suppliant.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεφιδήσεται","gloss":"with utmost care"},{"surface":"ἱκέτεω","lemma":"ἱκέτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρός","gloss":"a suppliant"},{"surface":"πεφιδήσεται","lemma":"φείδομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will spare","note":"Future middle verb, not an infinitive."},{"surface":"ἀνδρός","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πεφιδήσεται","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b24-l159","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δὲ Ἶρις ἀελλόπος ἀγγελέουσα.","translation":"So he spoke, and storm-footed Iris rose to carry the message.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l159.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἶρις ἀελλόπος","title":"Storm-footed Iris","body":"ἀελλόπος, \"storm-footed,\" is Iris' speed-title here. It is held distinct from her other Homeric formulas, \"swift-footed Iris\" and \"wind-footed swift Iris.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"ἀελλόπος","lemma":"ἀελλόπος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"storm-footed"},{"surface":"ἀγγελέουσα","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"carry the message"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b24-l160","source":"ἷξεν δʼ ἐς Πριάμοιο, κίχεν δʼ ἐνοπήν τε γόον τε.","translation":"She came to Priam's house and found cries and lamentation.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷξεν","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"κίχεν","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνοπήν","lemma":"ἐνοπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γόον","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"lamentation"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b24-l161","source":"παῖδες μὲν πατέρʼ ἀμφὶ καθήμενοι ἔνδοθεν αὐλῆς","translation":"His sons sat about their father inside the courtyard,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφυρον","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"καθήμενοι","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφυρον","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ἔνδοθεν","lemma":"ἔνδοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνδοθεν","gloss":"courtyard"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b24-l162","source":"δάκρυσιν εἵματʼ ἔφυρον, ὃ δʼ ἐν μέσσοισι γεραιὸς","translation":"wetting their clothes with tears; amid them the old man sat","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυσιν","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔφυρον","gloss":"with tears"},{"surface":"εἵματ","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφυρον","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"ἔφυρον","lemma":"φύρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wetting"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γεραιὸς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"μέσσοισι","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"midst"},{"surface":"γεραιὸς","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b24-l163","source":"ἐντυπὰς ἐν χλαίνῃ κεκαλυμμένος· ἀμφὶ δὲ πολλὴ","translation":"wrapped close in his cloak, and much filth lay","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l163.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐντυπὰς ἐν χλαίνῃ κεκαλυμμένος","title":"Wrapped close in grief","body":"ἐντυπάς describes Priam covered tightly or closely in his cloak. The compressed posture belongs to the physical language of mourning before the poem turns to the filth upon his body."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντυπὰς","lemma":"ἐντυπάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεκαλυμμένος","gloss":"closely","note":"Adverb modifying 'wrapped'; it does not itself include that verb."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χλαίνῃ","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"κεκαλυμμένος","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wrapped","note":"Perfect participle describing Priam."},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὴ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόπρος","gloss":"much"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b24-l164","source":"κόπρος ἔην κεφαλῇ τε καὶ αὐχένι τοῖο γέροντος","translation":"upon the old man's head and neck,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κόπρος","lemma":"κόπρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"dung"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐχένι","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b24-l165","source":"τήν ῥα κυλινδόμενος καταμήσατο χερσὶν ἑῇσι.","translation":"which, as he rolled in it, he had scraped up with his own hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of καταμήσατο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κυλινδόμενος","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καταμήσατο","gloss":"rolled"},{"surface":"καταμήσατο","lemma":"καταμάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κόπρος","gloss":"scraped up"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καταμήσατο","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἑῇσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b24-l166","source":"θυγατέρες δʼ ἀνὰ δώματʼ ἰδὲ νυοὶ ὠδύροντο","translation":"His daughters and his sons' wives wailed throughout the house,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυγατέρες","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἰδὲ","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νυοὶ","lemma":"νυός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἰδὲ","gloss":"daughters-in-law"},{"surface":"ὠδύροντο","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wailed"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b24-l167","source":"τῶν μιμνησκόμεναι οἳ δὴ πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοὶ","translation":"remembering those many brave men","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μιμνησκόμεναι","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"μιμνησκόμεναι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ὠδύροντο","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέατο","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὶ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"brave"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b24-l168","source":"χερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων κέατο ψυχὰς ὀλέσαντες.","translation":"lay at the hands of the Argives, having lost their lives.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l168.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"χερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων","title":"At the hands of the Argives","body":"χερσίν is the dative plural of χείρ, \"hand,\" in the inherited phrase \"at the hands,\" while the genitive Ἀργείων identifies whose hands they are. Homer keeps the household's grief tied to the killers' physical action."}],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"κέατο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ψυχὰς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσαντες","gloss":"their lives"},{"surface":"ὀλέσαντες","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κέατο","gloss":"lost"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b24-l169","source":"στῆ δὲ παρὰ Πρίαμον Διὸς ἄγγελος, ἠδὲ προσηύδα","translation":"The messenger of Zeus stood beside Priam and addressed him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Πρίαμον","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄγγελος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed him"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b24-l170","source":"τυτθὸν φθεγξαμένη· τὸν δὲ τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα·","translation":"speaking softly; trembling seized his limbs.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φθεγξαμένη","gloss":"softly","note":"Adverbial accusative describing how Iris speaks."},{"surface":"φθεγξαμένη","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking","note":"The separate preceding token supplies 'softly'."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρόμος","lemma":"τρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b24-l171","source":"θάρσει Δαρδανίδη Πρίαμε φρεσί, μὴ δέ τι τάρβει·","translation":"\"Take heart, Priam, son of Dardanus, and do not be afraid.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l171.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θάρσει","title":"A command to take heart","body":"θάρσει is a present imperative: Iris tells Priam to enter and maintain a state of courage. The following prohibition, μὴ ... τάρβει, balances it with a command not to fear."}],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσει","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heart"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίδη","lemma":"Δαρδανίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμε","gloss":"son of Dardanus"},{"surface":"Πρίαμε","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"φρεσί","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to θάρσει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τάρβει","gloss":"any","note":"Indefinite pronoun; negation is supplied by me."},{"surface":"τάρβει","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be afraid"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b24-l172","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τοι ἐγὼ κακὸν ὀσσομένη τόδʼ ἱκάνω","translation":"I have not come foreseeing evil for you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκάνω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ὀσσομένη","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ὀσσομένη","lemma":"ὄσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"foreseeing"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἱκάνω","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I come","note":"First-person present verb; the prior gloss had the wrong person."}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b24-l173","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀγαθὰ φρονέουσα· Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι,","translation":"but meaning good; I am a messenger from Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὰ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέουσα","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"φρονέουσα","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"meaning"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄγγελός","gloss":"from Zeus","note":"Genitive source with 'messenger'."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰμι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἄγγελός","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b24-l174","source":"ὅς σευ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδʼ ἐλεαίρει.","translation":"who, though far away, greatly cares for you and pities you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κήδεται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἄνευθεν","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"though he is","note":"Participle refers to Zeus, not Priam."},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κήδεται","gloss":"greatly","note":"Adverb modifying 'cares', not another expression of distance."},{"surface":"κήδεται","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίρει","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"pities"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b24-l175","source":"λύσασθαί σʼ ἐκέλευσεν Ὀλύμπιος Ἕκτορα δῖον,","translation":"The Olympian commands you to ransom godlike Hector,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l175.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λύσασθαί σʼ ἐκέλευσεν","title":"Command with an infinitive","body":"ἐκέλευσεν introduces the infinitive λύσασθαι, with σέ as its understood subject: Zeus \"commanded you to ransom.\" The middle form presents Priam as securing his son's release for himself and his household."}],"words":[{"surface":"λύσασθαί","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to ransom","note":"Aorist middle infinitive dependent on 'commanded'."},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commands"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λύσασθαί","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b24-l176","source":"δῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ","translation":"and bring Achilles gifts that may soothe his heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φερέμεν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φερέμεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"φερέμεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἰήνῃ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰήνῃ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἰήνῃ","lemma":"ἰαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"may soothe","note":"In context the gifts are to soothe Achilles' heart."}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b24-l177","source":"οἶον, μὴ δέ τις ἄλλος ἅμα Τρώων ἴτω ἀνήρ.","translation":"Alone; let no other Trojan man go as companion.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"any","note":"Indefinite pronoun in 'no other man'."},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴτω","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ἴτω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴτω","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b24-l178","source":"κῆρύξ τίς τοι ἕποιτο γεραίτερος, ὅς κʼ ἰθύνοι","translation":"Let some older herald follow you, one who can guide","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρύξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποιτο","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κῆρύξ","gloss":"some","note":"Indefinite modifying 'herald'."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕποιτο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἕποιτο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"γεραίτερος","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies κῆρύξ","gloss":"older"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may","note":"Modal particle with the optative."},{"surface":"ἰθύνοι","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"guide"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b24-l179","source":"ἡμιόνους καὶ ἄμαξαν ἐΰτροχον, ἠδὲ καὶ αὖτις","translation":"the mules and the smooth-running wagon, and then again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμιόνους","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμαξαν","lemma":"ἄμαξα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wagon"},{"surface":"ἐΰτροχον","lemma":"εὔτροχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄμαξαν","gloss":"smooth-running"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγοι","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b24-l180","source":"νεκρὸν ἄγοι προτὶ ἄστυ, τὸν ἔκτανε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"bring back to the city the dead man godlike Achilles killed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγοι","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"ἄγοι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκτανε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔκτανε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νεκρὸν","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκτανε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b24-l181","source":"μὴ δέ τί τοι θάνατος μελέτω φρεσὶ μηδέ τι τάρβος·","translation":"Let neither death weigh on your mind nor any fear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l181.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θάνατος μελέτω φρεσὶ","title":"Let death not occupy the mind","body":"μέλω with the dative can mean to be an object of concern. Iris repeats Zeus' assurance almost word for word, shifting only from speaking about Priam to speaking directly to him."}],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μελέτω","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of μελέτω","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μελέτω","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"μελέτω","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weigh on your mind","note":"Present imperative addressed to Priam, not a past reference to him."},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μελέτω","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"τάρβος","lemma":"τάρβος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fear"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b24-l182","source":"τοῖος γάρ τοι πομπὸς ἅμʼ ἕψεται ἀργεϊφόντης,","translation":"for such a guide will go beside you, the slayer of Argus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πομπὸς","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἕψεται","gloss":"for you","note":"Dative pronoun; the following hama supplies 'beside'."},{"surface":"πομπὸς","lemma":"πομπός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"escort"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕψεται","gloss":"beside","note":"Adverb meaning together with or beside."},{"surface":"ἕψεται","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will follow","note":"Future middle verb."},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b24-l183","source":"ὅς σʼ ἄξει εἷός κεν ἄγων Ἀχιλῆϊ πελάσσῃ.","translation":"who will lead you until he has brought you near Achilles.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄξει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄξει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἄξει","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀργεϊφόντης","gloss":"will lead","note":"Future verb, not past tense."},{"surface":"εἷός","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may","note":"Modal particle with the subjunctive."},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πελάσσῃ","gloss":"leading","note":"Present participle."},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πελάσσῃ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"πελάσσῃ","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἷός","gloss":"bring near","note":"Aorist subjunctive, not past tense."}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b24-l184","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἀγάγῃσιν ἔσω κλισίην Ἀχιλῆος,","translation":"And when he has led his charge inside Achilles' hut,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀγάγῃσιν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ἔσω","lemma":"ἔσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔσω","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b24-l185","source":"οὔτʼ αὐτὸς κτενέει ἀπό τʼ ἄλλους πάντας ἐρύξει·","translation":"Achilles will not kill the suppliant, and will keep all the others back.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself","note":"Refers to Achilles, not the speaker."},{"surface":"κτενέει","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"ἀπό","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away","note":"Adverbial preverb with 'keep back'."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐρύξει","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐρύξει","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will keep back","note":"Future verb."}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b24-l186","source":"οὔτε γάρ ἔστʼ ἄφρων οὔτʼ ἄσκοπος οὔτʼ ἀλιτήμων,","translation":"For he is neither witless, reckless, nor a man of sin,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἄφρων","lemma":"ἄφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"witless"},{"surface":"οὔτ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄσκοπος","lemma":"ἄσκοπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"reckless"},{"surface":"οὔτ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλιτήμων","lemma":"ἀλιτήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sinful"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b24-l187","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐνδυκέως ἱκέτεω πεφιδήσεται ἀνδρός.","translation":"but will take utmost care to spare a man who comes as suppliant.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεφιδήσεται","gloss":"with utmost care"},{"surface":"ἱκέτεω","lemma":"ἱκέτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρός","gloss":"a suppliant"},{"surface":"πεφιδήσεται","lemma":"φείδομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will spare","note":"Future middle verb, not an infinitive."},{"surface":"ἀνδρός","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πεφιδήσεται","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b24-l188","source":"ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις,","translation":"So speaking, swift-footed Iris departed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l188.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις","title":"Swift-footed Iris","body":"This exact departure line recurs elsewhere in the poem, and its English is repeated verbatim. πόδας ὠκέα, literally \"swift of feet,\" is distinct from the storm-footed title used when Iris set out at line 159."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκέα","gloss":"feet","note":"Noun in the epithet; 'swift' is the next token."},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b24-l189","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ υἷας ἄμαξαν ἐΰτροχον ἡμιονείην","translation":"and Priam ordered his sons to make ready the smooth-running mule-wagon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠνώγει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠνώγει","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἄμαξαν","lemma":"ἄμαξα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὁπλίσαι","gloss":"wagon"},{"surface":"ἐΰτροχον","lemma":"εὔτροχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄμαξαν","gloss":"smooth-running"},{"surface":"ἡμιονείην","lemma":"ἡμιόνειος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄμαξαν","gloss":"mule-drawn"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b24-l190","source":"ὁπλίσαι ἠνώγει, πείρινθα δὲ δῆσαι ἐπʼ αὐτῆς.","translation":"and bind the wicker body upon it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁπλίσαι","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"make ready"},{"surface":"ἠνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade"},{"surface":"πείρινθα","lemma":"πείρινς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δῆσαι","gloss":"wicker body"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῆσαι","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to bind"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"it","note":"Object of the preceding preposition; avoid duplicating 'upon'."}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b24-l191","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἐς θάλαμον κατεβήσετο κηώεντα","translation":"He himself went down into the fragrant chamber,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"θάλαμον","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"κατεβήσετο","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"κηώεντα","lemma":"κηώεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάλαμον","gloss":"incense-scented"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b24-l192","source":"κέδρινον ὑψόροφον, ὃς γλήνεα πολλὰ κεχάνδει·","translation":"high-roofed and built of cedar, which held many treasures.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέδρινον","lemma":"κέδρινος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάλαμον","gloss":"built of cedar"},{"surface":"ὑψόροφον","lemma":"ὑψόροφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάλαμον","gloss":"high-roofed"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεχάνδει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"γλήνεα","lemma":"γλῆνος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κεχάνδει","gloss":"treasures"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γλήνεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"κεχάνδει","lemma":"χανδάνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θάλαμον","gloss":"could contain"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b24-l193","source":"ἐς δʼ ἄλοχον Ἑκάβην ἐκαλέσσατο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"He called in his wife Hecuba and spoke to her:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in","note":"Directional preposition in 'called his wife in'."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλοχον","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"Ἑκάβην","lemma":"Ἑκάβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hecuba"},{"surface":"ἐκαλέσσατο","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b24-l194","source":"δαιμονίη Διόθεν μοι Ὀλύμπιος ἄγγελος ἦλθε","translation":"\"Strange woman, an Olympian messenger has come to me from Zeus, commanding me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιμονίη","lemma":"δαιμόνιος","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"strange woman","note":"Vocative address matching the context, not simply 'wife'."},{"surface":"Διόθεν","lemma":"Διόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"from Zeus","note":"Adverb of source."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to me","note":"Dative recipient of 'came'."},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄγγελος","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came","note":"Aorist finite verb."}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b24-l195","source":"λύσασθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἰόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"to ransom my dear son, going to the ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύσασθαι","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to ransom","note":"Aorist middle infinitive expressing Priam's purpose."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λύσασθαι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἰόντ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λύσασθαι","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b24-l196","source":"δῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ.","translation":"and bring Achilles gifts that may soothe his heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φερέμεν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φερέμεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"φερέμεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἰήνῃ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰήνῃ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἰήνῃ","lemma":"ἰαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"may soothe","note":"In context the gifts are to soothe Achilles' heart."}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b24-l197","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ τί τοι φρεσὶν εἴδεται εἶναι;","translation":"Come, tell me this: how does it seem to your mind?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"to me","note":"Dative recipient with 'tell'."},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἴδεται","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἴδεται","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"εἴδεται","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object","gloss":"seems","note":"Present middle verb in an indirect question."},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴδεται","gloss":"to be","note":"Infinitive of the copula, not a verb of motion."}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b24-l198","source":"αἰνῶς γάρ μʼ αὐτόν γε μένος καὶ θυμὸς ἄνωγε","translation":"For my own strength and heart urge me terribly","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄνωγε","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"me","note":"Accusative object of 'urges'."},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself","note":"Intensive pronoun modifying 'me'."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἄνωγε","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urges","note":"Third-person verb whose subjects are strength and heart."}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b24-l199","source":"κεῖσʼ ἰέναι ἐπὶ νῆας ἔσω στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"to go there to the ships, inside the Achaeans' broad camp.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσ","lemma":"ἐκεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to","note":"Preposition marking motion toward the ships."},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔσω","lemma":"ἔσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔσω","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b24-l200","source":"ὣς φάτο, κώκυσεν δὲ γυνὴ καὶ ἀμείβετο μύθῳ·","translation":"So he spoke; the woman wailed aloud and answered him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"κώκυσεν","lemma":"κωκύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wailed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμείβετο","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβετο","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b24-l201","source":"ὤ μοι πῇ δή τοι φρένες οἴχονθʼ, ᾗς τὸ πάρος περ","translation":"\"Ah me, where now are the wits for which before","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"particle","role":"object of οἴχονθ̓","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to οἴχονθ̓","gloss":"your","note":"Dative possessive referring to Priam's wits."},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of οἴχονθ̓","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"οἴχονθ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have gone","note":"Finite verb meaning that the wits have departed."},{"surface":"ᾗς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλἐ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκλἐ","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b24-l202","source":"ἔκλεʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους ξείνους ἠδʼ οἷσιν ἀνάσσεις;","translation":"you were famed among strangers and those you rule?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκλε","lemma":"κλέω","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φρένες","gloss":"you were famed"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"people","note":"Object of the preceding preposition; it does not itself include 'among'."},{"surface":"ξείνους","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"strangers","note":"Accusative plural adjective used substantivally."},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνάσσεις","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσεις","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"you rule"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b24-l203","source":"πῶς ἐθέλεις ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἐλθέμεν οἶος","translation":"How can you wish to go alone to the ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλεις","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b24-l204","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἐς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὅς τοι πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς","translation":"before the eyes of the man who has killed so many","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμοὺς","gloss":"of a man","note":"Genitive dependent on 'eyes'."},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before","note":"In the idiom 'before the eyes of'."},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοὺς","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"your","note":"Dative possessive with 'sons', not part of 'eyes'."},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὺς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"brave"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b24-l205","source":"υἱέας ἐξενάριξε· σιδήρειόν νύ τοι ἦτορ.","translation":"brave sons of yours? Your heart must be iron.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱέας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"σιδήρειόν","lemma":"σιδήρεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely","note":"Emphatic particle, not an expression of necessity."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"yours"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b24-l206","source":"εἰ γάρ σʼ αἱρήσει καὶ ἐσόψεται ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","translation":"For if he seizes you and sees you with his own eyes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αἱρήσει","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"seizes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσόψεται","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sees","note":"Future middle in sense, coordinated with 'seizes'."},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐσόψεται","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b24-l207","source":"ὠμηστὴς καὶ ἄπιστος ἀνὴρ ὅ γε οὔ σʼ ἐλεήσει,","translation":"that raw-flesh-eating and faithless man will neither pity you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠμηστὴς","lemma":"ὠμηστής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"raw-flesh-eating"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄπιστος","lemma":"ἄπιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"untrustworthy"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐλεήσει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐλεήσει","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pity"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b24-l208","source":"οὐδέ τί σʼ αἰδέσεται. νῦν δὲ κλαίωμεν ἄνευθεν","translation":"nor show you any respect. Now let us mourn from afar,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to αἰδέσεται","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of αἰδέσεται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αἰδέσεται","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"respect"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαίωμεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κλαίωμεν","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us mourn","note":"Present subjunctive exhortation, not future tense."},{"surface":"ἄνευθεν","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαίωμεν","gloss":"far away"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b24-l209","source":"ἥμενοι ἐν μεγάρῳ· τῷ δʼ ὥς ποθι Μοῖρα κραταιὴ","translation":"sitting here in the hall. For mighty Fate somehow","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενοι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κλαίωμεν","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάρῳ","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπένησε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπένησε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπένησε","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"Μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπένησε","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"κραταιὴ","lemma":"κραταιός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μοῖρα","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b24-l210","source":"γιγνομένῳ ἐπένησε λίνῳ, ὅτε μιν τέκον αὐτή,","translation":"spun this into his thread at birth, when I myself bore him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνομένῳ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at his birth"},{"surface":"ἐπένησε","lemma":"ἐπινέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spun into"},{"surface":"λίνῳ","lemma":"λίνον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπένησε","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέκον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τέκον","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπένησε","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"αὐτή","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b24-l211","source":"ἀργίποδας κύνας ἆσαι ἑῶν ἀπάνευθε τοκήων","translation":"to glut the white-footed dogs far from his parents,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l211.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀργίποδας κύνας","title":"White-footed dogs","body":"ἀργίποδας is a vivid compound, \"white-footed\" or \"bright-footed.\" Hecuba makes Hector's feared exposure concrete through the very animals she imagines feeding upon him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργίποδας","lemma":"ἀργίπους","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies κύνας","gloss":"white-footed"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἆσαι","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἆσαι","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπένησε","gloss":"to glut"},{"surface":"ἑῶν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοκήων","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἆσαι","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"τοκήων","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b24-l212","source":"ἀνδρὶ πάρα κρατερῷ, τοῦ ἐγὼ μέσον ἧπαρ ἔχοιμι","translation":"beside that mighty man, whose liver I wish I could fasten upon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πάρα","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"κρατερῷ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἧπαρ","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχοιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἧπαρ","gloss":"middle","note":"Adjective modifying 'liver', not a possessive."},{"surface":"ἧπαρ","lemma":"ἧπαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐσθέμεναι","gloss":"liver"},{"surface":"ἔχοιμι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"wish I could have","note":"Optative expressing Hecuba's wish."}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b24-l213","source":"ἐσθέμεναι προσφῦσα· τότʼ ἄντιτα ἔργα γένοιτο","translation":"and eat it. Then deeds of requital would be done","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l213.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐσθέμεναι","title":"The infinitive completes a savage wish","body":"The infinitive ἐσθέμεναι, \"to eat,\" completes the wish introduced by ἔχοιμι at the end of the preceding line. The line break delays the most violent part of Hecuba's fantasy."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθέμεναι","lemma":"ἔσθω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to προσφῦσα","gloss":"eat it"},{"surface":"προσφῦσα","lemma":"προσφύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔχοιμι","gloss":"clinging to him","note":"Aorist participle describing Hecuba fastening herself upon Achilles."},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοιτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄντιτα","lemma":"ἄντιτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"requital"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"become"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b24-l214","source":"παιδὸς ἐμοῦ, ἐπεὶ οὔ ἑ κακιζόμενόν γε κατέκτα,","translation":"for my son, since he did not kill him while he played the coward,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐμοῦ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέκτα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κακιζόμενόν","lemma":"κακίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"playing the coward"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατέκτα","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"killed","note":"Aorist finite verb, not present tense."}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b24-l215","source":"ἀλλὰ πρὸ Τρώων καὶ Τρωϊάδων βαθυκόλπων","translation":"but as he stood before the Trojan men and deep-robed Trojan women,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l215.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Τρωϊάδων βαθυκόλπων","title":"Deep-robed Trojan women","body":"βαθύκολπος is a standing dress epithet for the Trojan women, picturing robes that fall in deep folds. Hecuba names both the city's men and women as the people Hector stood before and defended."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Trojan men"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρωϊάδων","lemma":"Τρῳάς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Trojan women"},{"surface":"βαθυκόλπων","lemma":"βαθύκολπος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τρωϊάδων","gloss":"deep-robed"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b24-l216","source":"ἑσταότʼ οὔτε φόβου μεμνημένον οὔτʼ ἀλεωρῆς.","translation":"with no thought of rout or escape.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"φόβου","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"of rout"},{"surface":"μεμνημένον","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thinking of","note":"Perfect participle governing rout and escape."},{"surface":"οὔτ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλεωρῆς","lemma":"ἀλεωρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"escape","note":"The noun denotes escape or refuge in this context."}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b24-l217","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·","translation":"Then godlike old Priam addressed her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b24-l218","source":"μή μʼ ἐθέλοντʼ ἰέναι κατερύκανε, μὴ δέ μοι αὐτὴ","translation":"\"Do not hold me back when I am set on going, and do not yourself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατερύκανε","gloss":"me","note":"Accusative object of 'hold back'."},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μ̓","gloss":"wishing","note":"Present participle describing Priam's resolve."},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοντ̓","gloss":"to go","note":"Present infinitive."},{"surface":"κατερύκανε","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back","note":"Imperative addressed to Hecuba."},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πέλευ","gloss":"for me","note":"Dative pronoun, not nominative 'I'."},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b24-l219","source":"ὄρνις ἐνὶ μεγάροισι κακὸς πέλευ· οὐδέ με πείσεις.","translation":"be an ill-omened bird in my halls. You will not persuade me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l219.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄρνις ἐνὶ μεγάροισι κακὸς","title":"A bird of ill omen","body":"Priam turns Hecuba's warning into the language of divination: she must not become a \"bad bird\" in his house. His metaphor anticipates the true bird-sign she will shortly ask Zeus to send."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνις","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄρνις","gloss":"ill"},{"surface":"πέλευ","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be","note":"Imperative copula; 'ill-omened' belongs to the preceding adjective."},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πείσεις","gloss":"me","note":"Accusative object of 'persuade'."},{"surface":"πείσεις","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will persuade","note":"Future verb."}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b24-l220","source":"εἰ μὲν γάρ τίς μʼ ἄλλος ἐπιχθονίων ἐκέλευεν,","translation":"For if some other earthbound mortal had commanded me,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the other hand"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκέλευεν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκέλευεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"some other"},{"surface":"ἐπιχθονίων","lemma":"ἐπιχθόνιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"earth-dwelling"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"commanded"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b24-l221","source":"ἢ οἳ μάντιές εἰσι θυοσκόοι ἢ ἱερῆες,","translation":"one of the seers, sacrifice-readers, or priests,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσι","gloss":"who","note":"Relative pronoun introducing 'who are seers'."},{"surface":"μάντιές","lemma":"μάντις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"seers","note":"Nominative plural noun."},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐπιχθονίων","gloss":"are","note":"Third-person plural copula."},{"surface":"θυοσκόοι","lemma":"θυοσκόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μάντιές","gloss":"sacrifice-readers"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἱερῆες","lemma":"ἱερεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"priests"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b24-l222","source":"ψεῦδός κεν φαῖμεν καὶ νοσφιζοίμεθα μᾶλλον·","translation":"we would call it a lie, and turn away from it the more;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψεῦδός","lemma":"ψεῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a lie"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φαῖμεν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we would call"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νοσφιζοίμεθα","lemma":"νοσφίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn away"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"comparative adverb","role":"adverbial to νοσφιζοίμεθα","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b24-l223","source":"νῦν δʼ, αὐτὸς γὰρ ἄκουσα θεοῦ καὶ ἐσέδρακον ἄντην,","translation":"but now, since I myself heard the goddess and saw her face to face,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄκουσα","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσα","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσέδρακον","lemma":"εἰσδέρκομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσέδρακον","gloss":"face to face"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b24-l224","source":"εἶμι καὶ οὐχ ἅλιον ἔπος ἔσσεται. εἰ δέ μοι αἶσα","translation":"I shall go, and her word will not prove empty. If it is my lot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will go","note":"First-person future in sense."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be","note":"Future copula."},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for me","note":"Dative of interest with 'lot'."},{"surface":"αἶσα","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lot"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b24-l225","source":"τεθνάμεναι παρὰ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων","translation":"to die beside the ships of the bronze-clad Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l225.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων","title":"Bronze-clad Achaeans","body":"χαλκοχίτων, literally \"bronze-shirted,\" is the inherited gear-name for the armored Achaeans. Priam imagines his death not abstractly but amid the enemy's bronze."}],"words":[{"surface":"τεθνάμεναι","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"beside the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b24-l226","source":"βούλομαι· αὐτίκα γάρ με κατακτείνειεν Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"I wish it so. Let Achilles kill me at once,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βούλομαι","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I wish","note":"Present middle verb, not a conditional."},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατακτείνειεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατακτείνειεν","gloss":"me","note":"Accusative object of 'kill'."},{"surface":"κατακτείνειεν","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may kill","note":"Optative expressing Priam's willingness to be killed."},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατακτείνειεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b24-l227","source":"ἀγκὰς ἑλόντʼ ἐμὸν υἱόν, ἐπὴν γόου ἐξ ἔρον εἵην.","translation":"once I have clasped my son and taken my fill of lament.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l227.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γόου ἐξ ἔρον εἵην","title":"Taking one's fill of lament","body":"The idiom joins ἔρος, a craving or desire, with the genitive γόου: Priam longs to satisfy his hunger for mourning. The phrase makes lament something that must be exhausted through the body."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγκὰς","lemma":"ἀγκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑλόντ̓","gloss":"in my arms","note":"Priam is the one who will clasp Hector."},{"surface":"ἑλόντ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"clasped","note":"Participle describing embracing his son, not merely taking him."},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλόντ̓","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"γόου","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔρον","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἵην","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"εἵην","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"taken my fill"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b24-l228","source":"ἦ καὶ φωριαμῶν ἐπιθήματα κάλʼ ἀνέῳγεν·","translation":"He spoke, and opened the handsome lids of his chests.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φωριαμῶν","lemma":"φωριαμός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπιθήματα","gloss":"chests"},{"surface":"ἐπιθήματα","lemma":"ἐπίθημα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέῳγεν","gloss":"lids"},{"surface":"κάλ","lemma":"κάλη","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιθήματα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ἀνέῳγεν","lemma":"ἀνοίγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"opened","note":"Pluperfect used as a narrative past, not a modal expression."}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b24-l229","source":"ἔνθεν δώδεκα μὲν περικαλλέας ἔξελε πέπλους,","translation":"From them he took twelve robes of surpassing beauty,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔξελε","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies πέπλους","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"περικαλλέας","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέπλους","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ἔξελε","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"πέπλους","lemma":"πέπλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔξελε","gloss":"robes"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b24-l230","source":"δώδεκα δʼ ἁπλοΐδας χλαίνας, τόσσους δὲ τάπητας,","translation":"twelve single-fold cloaks and as many rugs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies χλαίνας","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁπλοΐδας","lemma":"ἁπλόος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χλαίνας","gloss":"single-fold"},{"surface":"χλαίνας","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"cloaks","note":"Accusative plural noun; no preposition is present."},{"surface":"τόσσους","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τάπητας","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάπητας","lemma":"τάπης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"rugs"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b24-l231","source":"τόσσα δὲ φάρεα λευκά, τόσους δʼ ἐπὶ τοῖσι χιτῶνας.","translation":"as many white mantles, and over and above them as many tunics.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρεα","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φάρεα","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"mantles","note":"Accusative plural noun."},{"surface":"λευκά","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρεα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"τόσους","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνας","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"χιτῶνας","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"tunics"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b24-l232","source":"χρυσοῦ δὲ στήσας ἔφερεν δέκα πάντα τάλαντα,","translation":"He weighed and carried out ten full talents of gold,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσοῦ","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήσας","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφερεν","gloss":"having weighed"},{"surface":"ἔφερεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"in full"},{"surface":"τάλαντα","lemma":"τάλαντον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφερεν","gloss":"talents"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b24-l233","source":"ἐκ δὲ δύʼ αἴθωνας τρίποδας, πίσυρας δὲ λέβητας,","translation":"and two gleaming tripods and four cauldrons,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τρίποδας","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"αἴθωνας","lemma":"αἴθων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδας","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"τρίποδας","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"tripods"},{"surface":"πίσυρας","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies λέβητας","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέβητας","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"cauldrons"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b24-l234","source":"ἐκ δὲ δέπας περικαλλές, ὅ οἱ Θρῇκες πόρον ἄνδρες","translation":"and a cup of surpassing beauty, which Thracian men had given him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"περικαλλές","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πόρον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Θρῇκες","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"Thracian"},{"surface":"πόρον","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέπας","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πόρον","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b24-l235","source":"ἐξεσίην ἐλθόντι μέγα κτέρας· οὐδέ νυ τοῦ περ","translation":"when he went on an embassy, a great treasure. Not even this","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξεσίην","lemma":"ἐξεσία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐλθόντι","gloss":"an embassy"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτέρας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κτέρας","lemma":"κτέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"possession"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of φείσατ̓","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b24-l236","source":"φείσατʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροις ὃ γέρων, περὶ δʼ ἤθελε θυμῷ","translation":"did the old man spare within his halls, so greatly did his heart desire","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φείσατ","lemma":"φείδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spared","note":"Aorist finite verb, not an infinitive."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φείσατ̓","gloss":"old man","note":"Substantival adjective referring to Priam."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"desired","note":"Imperfect third-person verb, not first person."},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b24-l237","source":"λύσασθαι φίλον υἱόν. ὃ δὲ Τρῶας μὲν ἅπαντας","translation":"to ransom his dear son. Then he drove all the Trojans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύσασθαι","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελε","gloss":"to ransom","note":"Aorist middle infinitive expressing Priam's desire."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λύσασθαι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπέεργεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπέεργεν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἅπαντας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b24-l238","source":"αἰθούσης ἀπέεργεν ἔπεσσʼ αἰσχροῖσιν ἐνίσσων·","translation":"from the portico, railing at them with words of shame:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰθούσης","lemma":"αἴθουσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπέεργεν","gloss":"portico"},{"surface":"ἀπέεργεν","lemma":"ἀπείργω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove away","note":"Finite verb describing Priam clearing the portico."},{"surface":"ἔπεσσ","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνίσσων","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"αἰσχροῖσιν","lemma":"αἰσχρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεσσ̓","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"ἐνίσσων","lemma":"ἐνίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέεργεν","gloss":"rebuking","note":"Participle describing his verbal abuse."}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b24-l239","source":"ἔρρετε λωβητῆρες ἐλεγχέες· οὔ νυ καὶ ὑμῖν","translation":"\"Begone, you wretched disgraces! Have you no lament","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρρετε","lemma":"ἔρρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begone"},{"surface":"λωβητῆρες","lemma":"λωβητήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wretches","note":"Vocative plural, not singular 'mocker'."},{"surface":"ἐλεγχέες","lemma":"ἐλεγχής","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λωβητῆρες","gloss":"disgraces"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνεστι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔνεστι","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b24-l240","source":"οἴκοι ἔνεστι γόος, ὅτι μʼ ἤλθετε κηδήσοντες;","translation":"at home, that you have come here to trouble me?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκοι","lemma":"οἴκοι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔνεστι","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"ἔνεστι","lemma":"ἔνειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is within"},{"surface":"γόος","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔνεστι","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κηδήσοντες","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἤλθετε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτι","gloss":"you have come"},{"surface":"κηδήσοντες","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλθετε","gloss":"to trouble"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b24-l241","source":"ἦ ὀνόσασθʼ ὅτι μοι Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκε","translation":"Or do you begrudge that Zeus, son of Cronos, has given me sorrow","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὀνόσασθ","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you begrudge","note":"Second-person plural verb in Priam's question."},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to me","note":"Dative recipient with 'gave'."},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"has given"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b24-l242","source":"παῖδʼ ὀλέσαι τὸν ἄριστον; ἀτὰρ γνώσεσθε καὶ ὔμμες·","translation":"by destroying my best son? You too will know it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσαι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὀλέσαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"destroying"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies παῖδ̓","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"γνώσεσθε","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will know","note":"Future middle verb."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὔμμες","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γνώσεσθε","gloss":"you too"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b24-l243","source":"ῥηΐτεροι γὰρ μᾶλλον Ἀχαιοῖσιν δὴ ἔσεσθε","translation":"for now that he is dead you will be far easier","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηΐτεροι","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"easier","note":"Comparative adjective describing the Trojans."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"comparative adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖσιν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ῥηΐτεροι","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔσεσθε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will be"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b24-l244","source":"κείνου τεθνηῶτος ἐναιρέμεν. αὐτὰρ ἔγωγε","translation":"for the Achaeans to kill. But as for me,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of τεθνηῶτος","gloss":"him","note":"Genitive absolute referring to Hector, 'with him dead'."},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσεσθε","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"ἐναιρέμεν","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ῥηΐτεροι","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βαίην","gloss":"I","note":"Emphatic first-person pronoun, subject of the wish continued below."}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b24-l245","source":"πρὶν ἀλαπαζομένην τε πόλιν κεραϊζομένην τε","translation":"before the city is laid waste and plundered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l245.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀλαπαζομένην τε πόλιν κεραϊζομένην","title":"The city under destruction","body":"Both participles are present and passive, showing the destruction in progress: the city being emptied by sack and being ravaged. Priam wishes to die before he must watch that process unfold."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἀλαπαζομένην","lemma":"ἀλαπάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"laid waste"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδεῖν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"κεραϊζομένην","lemma":"κεραίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"plundered","note":"Participle paired with 'laid waste'."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b24-l246","source":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδεῖν βαίην δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω.","translation":"before my own eyes, may I pass inside the house of Hades.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδεῖν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ἰδεῖν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"to see","note":"Aorist infinitive dependent on Priam's wish."},{"surface":"βαίην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may I pass","note":"Optative expressing Priam's wish."},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδος","lemma":"Ἀίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b24-l247","source":"ἦ καὶ σκηπανίῳ δίεπʼ ἀνέρας· οἳ δʼ ἴσαν ἔξω","translation":"He spoke, and drove the men off with his staff; they went outside","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκηπανίῳ","lemma":"σκηπάνιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δίεπ̓","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"δίεπ","lemma":"διέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove off","note":"Finite verb describing Priam expelling the men."},{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δίεπ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἔξω","lemma":"ἔξω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"outside","note":"Locative adverb, not an incomplete prepositional phrase."}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b24-l248","source":"σπερχομένοιο γέροντος· ὃ δʼ υἱάσιν οἷσιν ὁμόκλα","translation":"before the old man's fury. Then he shouted at his own sons,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπερχομένοιο","lemma":"σπέρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"raging","note":"Participle describes the old man's fury, not haste."},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔξω","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁμόκλα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱάσιν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμόκλα","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱάσιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ὁμόκλα","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted to"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b24-l249","source":"νεικείων Ἕλενόν τε Πάριν τʼ Ἀγάθωνά τε δῖον","translation":"abusing Helenus and Paris and godlike Agathon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεικείων","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁμόκλα","gloss":"reviling"},{"surface":"Ἕλενόν","lemma":"Ἕλενος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Helenus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πάριν","lemma":"Πάρις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγάθωνά","lemma":"Ἀγάθων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Agathon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγάθωνά","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b24-l250","source":"Πάμμονά τʼ Ἀντίφονόν τε βοὴν ἀγαθόν τε Πολίτην","translation":"Pammon and Antiphonus and Polites, good at the war cry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάμμονά","lemma":"Πάμμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pammon"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίφονόν","lemma":"Ἀντίφονος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Antiphonus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθόν","gloss":"at the war cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθόν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολίτην","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πολίτην","lemma":"Πολίτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Polites"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b24-l251","source":"Δηΐφοβόν τε καὶ Ἱππόθοον καὶ δῖον Ἀγαυόν·","translation":"Deiphobus and Hippothous and godlike Agavus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δηΐφοβόν","lemma":"Δηίφοβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἱππόθοον","lemma":"Ἱππόθοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hippothous"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"Δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"godlike","note":"Epithet modifying Agavus; 'Dium's' is unrelated."},{"surface":"Ἀγαυόν","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῖον","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b24-l252","source":"ἐννέα τοῖς ὃ γεραιὸς ὁμοκλήσας ἐκέλευε·","translation":"These nine the old man summoned and commanded:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l252.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐννέα","title":"Nine sons named","body":"ἐννέα fixes the count at nine and confirms that the names spread across the preceding three lines form one complete group. Homer pauses to total the list before Priam's bitter command."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τοῖς","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὁμοκλήσας","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γεραιὸς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γεραιὸς","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐκέλευε","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλήσας","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευε","gloss":"having shouted"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commanded"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b24-l253","source":"σπεύσατέ μοι κακὰ τέκνα κατηφόνες· αἴθʼ ἅμα πάντες","translation":"\"Hurry, worthless, shame-faced sons! If only all of you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπεύσατέ","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurry"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σπεύσατέ","gloss":"for me","note":"Dative of interest with 'hurry'."},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"vocative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"worthless","note":"Adjective modifying 'sons', not an adverb."},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative plural neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"κατηφόνες","lemma":"κατηφών","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"shame-faced"},{"surface":"αἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεφάσθαι","gloss":"together","note":"Adverb modifying 'all', not 'with you'."},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὠφέλετ̓","gloss":"all of you"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b24-l254","source":"Ἕκτορος ὠφέλετʼ ἀντὶ θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ πεφάσθαι.","translation":"had been killed at the swift ships in Hector's place.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l254.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὠφέλετʼ ἀντὶ","title":"A wish that cannot be fulfilled","body":"Priam uses αἴθε from the preceding line with the past form ὠφέλετε and the perfect infinitive πεφάσθαι for a wish that cannot be fulfilled: he wishes the sons before him had died instead of Hector. The perfect looks to the imagined completed result."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀντὶ","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"ὠφέλετ","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would that you had","note":"The imperfect introduces an unfulfilled wish."},{"surface":"ἀντὶ","lemma":"ἀντί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"instead of","note":"Preposition expressing substitution for Hector."},{"surface":"θοῇς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πεφάσθαι","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὠφέλετ̓","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b24-l255","source":"ὤ μοι ἐγὼ πανάποτμος, ἐπεὶ τέκον υἷας ἀρίστους","translation":"Ah me, utterly ill-fated, since I fathered the best of sons","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"πανάποτμος","lemma":"πανάποτμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"utterly ill-fated"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τέκον","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"fathered"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τέκον","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b24-l256","source":"Τροίῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ, τῶν δʼ οὔ τινά φημι λελεῖφθαι,","translation":"in broad Troy, and I say that none of them is left:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εὐρείῃ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίῃ","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τινά","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"λελεῖφθαι","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b24-l257","source":"Μήστορά τʼ ἀντίθεον καὶ Τρωΐλον ἱππιοχάρμην","translation":"Mestor, peer of the gods, and Troilus, fighter from the chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l257.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Τρωΐλον ἱππιοχάρμην","title":"Troilus, fighter from the chariot","body":"ἱππιοχάρμης joins horses with battle and marks Troilus as a warrior of the chariot. Priam's catalogue gives each lost son a compact heroic distinction."}],"words":[{"surface":"Μήστορά","lemma":"Μήστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Mestor"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μήστορά","gloss":"peer of gods"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρωΐλον","lemma":"Τρωίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Troilus"},{"surface":"ἱππιοχάρμην","lemma":"ἱππιοχάρμης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τρωΐλον","gloss":"chariot fighter"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b24-l258","source":"Ἕκτορά θʼ, ὃς θεὸς ἔσκε μετʼ ἀνδράσιν, οὐδὲ ἐῴκει","translation":"and Hector, who was a god among men and did not seem","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορά","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"who was"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"among men"},{"surface":"ἐῴκει","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"seem"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b24-l259","source":"ἀνδρός γε θνητοῦ πάϊς ἔμμεναι ἀλλὰ θεοῖο.","translation":"to be the son of a mortal man, but of a god.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρός","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλλὰ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θνητοῦ","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρός","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐῴκει","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλλὰ","gloss":"god"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b24-l260","source":"τοὺς μὲν ἀπώλεσʼ Ἄρης, τὰ δʼ ἐλέγχεα πάντα λέλειπται","translation":"Ares destroyed those sons; all the disgraces are left,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπώλεσ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπώλεσ","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπώλεσ̓","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἐλέγχεα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλέγχεα","lemma":"ἔλεγχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"disgraces"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐλέγχεα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"λέλειπται","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b24-l261","source":"ψεῦσταί τʼ ὀρχησταί τε χοροιτυπίῃσιν ἄριστοι","translation":"liars and dancers, the best at stamping in the dance,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l261.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χοροιτυπίῃσιν","title":"Stamping in the dance","body":"χοροιτυπίη is dancing that beats or stamps out the rhythm. In Priam's grief, prowess in the chorus becomes a contemptible contrast with the battlefield excellence of the sons he has lost."}],"words":[{"surface":"ψεῦσταί","lemma":"ψεύστης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"liars"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρχησταί","lemma":"ὀρχηστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"dancers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χοροιτυπίῃσιν","lemma":"χοροιτυπία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄριστοι","gloss":"stamping in dances"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ὀρχησταί","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b24-l262","source":"ἀρνῶν ἠδʼ ἐρίφων ἐπιδήμιοι ἁρπακτῆρες.","translation":"robbers of lambs and kids from your own people.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρνῶν","lemma":"ἀρνός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"of lambs"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρίφων","lemma":"ἔριφος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"kids","note":"Genitive plural noun coordinated with 'lambs'."},{"surface":"ἐπιδήμιοι","lemma":"ἐπιδήμιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἁρπακτῆρες","gloss":"local","note":"Adjective describing robbers operating among their own people."},{"surface":"ἁρπακτῆρες","lemma":"ἁρπακτήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"robbers"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b24-l263","source":"οὐκ ἂν δή μοι ἄμαξαν ἐφοπλίσσαιτε τάχιστα,","translation":"Will you not make the wagon ready for me at once","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would","note":"Modal particle with the optative, not the pronoun 'you'."},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐφοπλίσσαιτε","gloss":"for me","note":"Dative of interest with 'make ready'."},{"surface":"ἄμαξαν","lemma":"ἄμαξα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφοπλίσσαιτε","gloss":"wagon"},{"surface":"ἐφοπλίσσαιτε","lemma":"ἐφοπλίζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make ready"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐφοπλίσσαιτε","gloss":"at once"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b24-l264","source":"ταῦτά τε πάντʼ ἐπιθεῖτε, ἵνα πρήσσωμεν ὁδοῖο;","translation":"and load all these things, so that we may set out upon our way?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπιθεῖτε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτά","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπιθεῖτε","lemma":"ἐπιθέω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"load","note":"Aorist imperative meaning put the goods onto the wagon."},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πρήσσωμεν","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"we may travel","note":"First-person plural subjunctive, not a third-person participial phrase."},{"surface":"ὁδοῖο","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρήσσωμεν","gloss":"on our way","note":"Genitive in the idiom for accomplishing a journey."}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b24-l265","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πατρὸς ὑποδείσαντες ὁμοκλὴν","translation":"So he spoke; they shrank before their father's rebuke","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄειραν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὁμοκλὴν","gloss":"father’s"},{"surface":"ὑποδείσαντες","lemma":"ὑποδείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄειραν","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλὴν","lemma":"ὁμοκλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑποδείσαντες","gloss":"rebuke"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b24-l266","source":"ἐκ μὲν ἄμαξαν ἄειραν ἐΰτροχον ἡμιονείην","translation":"and brought out the smooth-running mule-wagon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄμαξαν","lemma":"ἄμαξα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄειραν","gloss":"wagon"},{"surface":"ἄειραν","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"ἐΰτροχον","lemma":"εὔτροχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄμαξαν","gloss":"smooth-running"},{"surface":"ἡμιονείην","lemma":"ἡμιόνειος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄμαξαν","gloss":"mule-drawn"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b24-l267","source":"καλὴν πρωτοπαγέα, πείρινθα δὲ δῆσαν ἐπʼ αὐτῆς,","translation":"handsome and newly made, and bound the wicker body upon it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄμαξαν","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"πρωτοπαγέα","lemma":"πρωτοπαγής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄμαξαν","gloss":"newly fitted"},{"surface":"πείρινθα","lemma":"πείρινς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δῆσαν","gloss":"wicker body"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῆσαν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"upon it"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b24-l268","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἀπὸ πασσαλόφι ζυγὸν ᾕρεον ἡμιόνειον","translation":"They took down from its peg the mule-yoke,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from","note":"Preposition marking removal from the peg."},{"surface":"πασσαλόφι","lemma":"πάσσαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"peg"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ᾕρεον","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ᾕρεον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνειον","lemma":"ἡμιόνειος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ζυγὸν","gloss":"mule-yoke"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b24-l269","source":"πύξινον ὀμφαλόεν εὖ οἰήκεσσιν ἀρηρός·","translation":"of boxwood, knobbed, and fitted well with guiding rings;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l269.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οἰήκεσσιν","title":"Guiding rings on the yoke","body":"οἰήκεσσιν denotes the rings or loops that help manage the harness and reins. Homer slows the departure into a precise type-scene of fitting each part of the vehicle."}],"words":[{"surface":"πύξινον","lemma":"πύξινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ζυγὸν","gloss":"of boxwood"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλόεν","lemma":"ὀμφαλόεις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ζυγὸν","gloss":"bossed"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀρηρός","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"οἰήκεσσιν","lemma":"οἴαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρηρός","gloss":"guiding rings"},{"surface":"ἀρηρός","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies ζυγὸν","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b24-l270","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἔφερον ζυγόδεσμον ἅμα ζυγῷ ἐννεάπηχυ.","translation":"with the yoke they brought the yoke-band, nine cubits long.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφερον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"ζυγόδεσμον","lemma":"ζυγόδεσμον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφερον","gloss":"yoke-band"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ζυγῷ","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἐννεάπηχυ","lemma":"ἐννεάπηχυς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ζυγόδεσμον","gloss":"nine cubits long"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b24-l271","source":"καὶ τὸ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκαν ἐϋξέστῳ ἐπὶ ῥυμῷ","translation":"They set the yoke carefully upon the polished pole","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of κατέθηκαν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέθηκαν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"κατέθηκαν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστῳ","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ῥυμῷ","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ῥυμῷ","lemma":"ῥυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"pole"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b24-l272","source":"πέζῃ ἔπι πρώτῃ, ἐπὶ δὲ κρίκον ἕστορι βάλλον,","translation":"at its foremost stop, and dropped the ring over the pin.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέζῃ","lemma":"πέζα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"stop","note":"The following adjective supplies 'foremost'."},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on","note":"Postposition governing 'stop'."},{"surface":"πρώτῃ","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies πέζῃ","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρίκον","lemma":"κρίκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλλον","gloss":"the ring"},{"surface":"ἕστορι","lemma":"ἕστωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλλον","gloss":"the pin"},{"surface":"βάλλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed","note":"In context they put the ring over the pin; 'struck' is misleading."}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b24-l273","source":"τρὶς δʼ ἑκάτερθεν ἔδησαν ἐπʼ ὀμφαλόν, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"Three times on either side they bound it around the knob, then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑκάτερθεν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑκάτερθεν","lemma":"ἑκάτερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδησαν","gloss":"on either side"},{"surface":"ἔδησαν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around","note":"Preposition governing the knob, not a temporal adverb."},{"surface":"ὀμφαλόν","lemma":"ὀμφαλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"knob","note":"Part of the yoke assembly, not an anatomical navel."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέδησαν","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b24-l274","source":"ἑξείης κατέδησαν, ὑπὸ γλωχῖνα δʼ ἔκαμψαν.","translation":"made it fast in a row and bent the end beneath.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέδησαν","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"κατέδησαν","lemma":"καταδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound fast"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γλωχῖνα","lemma":"γλωχίν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκαμψαν","gloss":"the end"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκαμψαν","lemma":"κάμπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bent","note":"Aorist finite verb."}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b24-l275","source":"ἐκ θαλάμου δὲ φέροντες ἐϋξέστης ἐπʼ ἀπήνης","translation":"Then, carrying them from the chamber, they heaped upon the polished wagon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θαλάμου","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to νήεον","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστης","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀπήνης","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀπήνης","lemma":"ἀπήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"wagon"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b24-l276","source":"νήεον Ἑκτορέης κεφαλῆς ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα,","translation":"the boundless ransom for Hector's head.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l276.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἑκτορέης κεφαλῆς","title":"A ransom for Hector's head","body":"\"Head\" stands for Hector himself in an intimate Homeric turn of phrase. The bodily wording keeps the ransom tied to the corpse Priam is going to recover."}],"words":[{"surface":"νήεον","lemma":"νηέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaped","note":"Imperfect third-person plural verb, not an infinitive."},{"surface":"Ἑκτορέης","lemma":"Ἑκτόρεος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἀπερείσι","lemma":"ἀπερείσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of νήεον","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b24-l277","source":"ζεῦξαν δʼ ἡμιόνους κρατερώνυχας ἐντεσιεργούς,","translation":"They yoked the strong-hoofed mules, workers in harness,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζεῦξαν","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yoked"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνους","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ζεῦξαν","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"κρατερώνυχας","lemma":"κρατερῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμιόνους","gloss":"strong-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἐντεσιεργούς","lemma":"ἐντεσιεργός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμιόνους","gloss":"workers in harness"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b24-l278","source":"τούς ῥά ποτε Πριάμῳ Μυσοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα.","translation":"which the Mysians once gave Priam as splendid gifts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τούς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"Enclitic particle, not temporal 'then'."},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to δόσαν","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"Μυσοὶ","lemma":"Μυσός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσαν","gloss":"Mysians"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἡμιόνους","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b24-l279","source":"ἵππους δὲ Πριάμῳ ὕπαγον ζυγόν, οὓς ὃ γεραιὸς","translation":"For Priam they brought horses beneath the yoke, which the old man","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὕπαγον","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπαγον","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"ὕπαγον","lemma":"ὑπάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought under"},{"surface":"ζυγόν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὕπαγον","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀτίταλλεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γεραιὸς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γεραιὸς","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀτίταλλεν","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b24-l280","source":"αὐτὸς ἔχων ἀτίταλλεν ἐϋξέστῃ ἐπὶ φάτνῃ.","translation":"kept and tended himself at the polished manger.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀτίταλλεν","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"ἀτίταλλεν","lemma":"ἀτιτάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵππους","gloss":"cherished"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστῃ","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φάτνῃ","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"φάτνῃ","lemma":"φάτνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"manger"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b24-l281","source":"τὼ μὲν ζευγνύσθην ἐν δώμασιν ὑψηλοῖσι","translation":"The two men yoked the teams in the high-roofed halls,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l281.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ μὲν ζευγνύσθην","title":"Two men in the dual","body":"Both the pronoun τώ and the verb ζευγνύσθην are dual, a grammatical number for exactly two. The next line identifies that pair as Priam and his herald."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine article","role":"subject","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ζευγνύσθην","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yoked"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δώμασιν","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖσι","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώμασιν","gloss":"high-roofed"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b24-l282","source":"κῆρυξ καὶ Πρίαμος πυκινὰ φρεσὶ μήδεʼ ἔχοντες·","translation":"the herald and Priam, with shrewd designs in their minds,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"πυκινὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μήδἐ","gloss":"shrewd"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντες","gloss":"in their minds"},{"surface":"μήδε","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ζευγνύσθην","gloss":"having","note":"The participle means that Priam and the herald have shrewd counsels in mind."}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b24-l283","source":"ἀγχίμολον δέ σφʼ ἦλθʼ Ἑκάβη τετιηότι θυμῷ","translation":"Then Hecuba drew near them, sorrowing at heart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχίμολον","lemma":"ἀγχίμολος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἦλθ̓","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀγχίμολον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἦλθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came","note":"This is the aorist finite verb: Hecuba came near them."},{"surface":"Ἑκάβη","lemma":"Ἑκάβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθ̓","gloss":"Hecuba"},{"surface":"τετιηότι","lemma":"τετίημαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"grieved"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦλθ̓","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b24-l284","source":"οἶνον ἔχουσʼ ἐν χειρὶ μελίφρονα δεξιτερῆφι","translation":"holding honey-sweet wine in her right hand","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσ̓","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἔχουσ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθ̓","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"μελίφρονα","lemma":"μελίφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"δεξιτερῆφι","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b24-l285","source":"χρυσέῳ ἐν δέπαϊ, ὄφρα λείψαντε κιοίτην·","translation":"in a golden cup, so that they might pour a libation before they went.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσέῳ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπαϊ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δέπαϊ","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that","note":"ὄφρα introduces the purpose of the libation, not a temporal 'before.'"},{"surface":"λείψαντε","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to κιοίτην","gloss":"having poured a libation","note":"The aorist participle describes what they are to do before departing."},{"surface":"κιοίτην","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"they might go","note":"The optative is the purpose-clause verb; it does not itself mean 'before leaving.'"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b24-l286","source":"στῆ δʼ ἵππων προπάροιθεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"She stood before the horses, spoke, and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθεν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"προπάροιθεν","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by name"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b24-l287","source":"τῆ σπεῖσον Διὶ πατρί, καὶ εὔχεο οἴκαδʼ ἱκέσθαι","translation":"\"Here, pour a libation to father Zeus, and pray to come home","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆ","lemma":"τῆ","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"σπεῖσον","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pour libation"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σπεῖσον","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρί","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὔχεο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pray"},{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεο","gloss":"to return","note":"In οἴκαδʼ ἱκέσθαι the infinitive means to reach home or return."}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b24-l288","source":"ἂψ ἐκ δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν, ἐπεὶ ἂρ σέ γε θυμὸς","translation":"back from the enemy men, since your own heart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from","note":"ἐκ governs 'enemy men'; the preceding ἂψ supplies 'back.'"},{"surface":"δυσμενέων","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀτρύνει","gloss":"you","note":"The accusative pronoun is the object of ὀτρύνει, not a possessive."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀτρύνει","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b24-l289","source":"ὀτρύνει ἐπὶ νῆας ἐμεῖο μὲν οὐκ ἐθελούσης.","translation":"urges you toward the ships against my will.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνει","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"urges"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθελούσης","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθελούσης","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὀτρύνει","gloss":"against my will"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b24-l290","source":"ἀλλʼ εὔχεο σύ γʼ ἔπειτα κελαινεφέϊ Κρονίωνι","translation":"Then pray to the dark-clouded son of Cronos","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l290.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κελαινεφέϊ Κρονίωνι","title":"Dark-clouded son of Cronos","body":"κελαινεφής pictures Zeus wrapped in dark storm cloud, while Κρονίων names him by descent as the son of Cronos. Hecuba calls on the weather-god whose bird will make his will visible."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εὔχεο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pray"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχεο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κελαινεφέϊ","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνι","gloss":"dark-clouded"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔχεο","gloss":"son of Cronos"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b24-l291","source":"Ἰδαίῳ, ὅς τε Τροίην κατὰ πᾶσαν ὁρᾶται,","translation":"of Ida, who looks out over all of Troy,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδαίῳ","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνι","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁρᾶται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὁρᾶται","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίην","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὁρᾶται","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Κρονίωνι","gloss":"looks out"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b24-l292","source":"αἴτει δʼ οἰωνὸν ταχὺν ἄγγελον, ὅς τέ οἱ αὐτῷ","translation":"and ask for a swift bird as messenger, the bird that is","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴτει","lemma":"αἰτέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰωνὸν","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of αἴτει","gloss":"bird","note":"οἰωνόν is accusative singular."},{"surface":"ταχὺν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰωνὸν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἄγγελον","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to him","note":"The dative pronoun marks the one to whom the bird is dearest."},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself","note":"αὐτῷ emphatically refers to Zeus himself."}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b24-l293","source":"φίλτατος οἰωνῶν, καί εὑ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον,","translation":"dearest among all birds, and greatest in strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φίλτατος","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"οἰωνῶν","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλτατος","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μέγιστον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b24-l294","source":"δεξιόν, ὄφρά μιν αὐτὸς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι νοήσας","translation":"on the right, so that you may see it with your own eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιόν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰωνὸν","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νοήσας","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself","note":"The nominative emphatic pronoun refers to Priam as the person seeing the omen."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with","note":"The prepositional phrase is idiomatically instrumental: with one's own eyes."},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσι","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"νοήσας","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴῃς","gloss":"having seen","note":"This is an aorist participle antecedent to going in trust."}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b24-l295","source":"τῷ πίσυνος ἐπὶ νῆας ἴῃς Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων.","translation":"and trust it as you go to the ships of the swift-horsed Danaans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πίσυνος","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"πίσυνος","lemma":"πίσυνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἴῃς","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρά","gloss":"you go"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"ταχυπώλων","lemma":"ταχύπωλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"swift-horsed"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b24-l296","source":"εἰ δέ τοι οὐ δώσει ἑὸν ἄγγελον εὐρύοπα Ζεύς,","translation":"But if wide-thundering Zeus will not give you his own messenger,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δώσει","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄγγελον","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἄγγελον","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δώσει","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b24-l297","source":"οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγέ σʼ ἔπειτα ἐποτρύνουσα κελοίμην","translation":"then I would not urge you on or bid you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔγωγέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κελοίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κελοίμην","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνουσα","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κελοίμην","gloss":"urge on"},{"surface":"κελοίμην","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bid you"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b24-l298","source":"νῆας ἐπʼ Ἀργείων ἰέναι μάλα περ μεμαῶτα.","translation":"go to the ships of the Argives, however eager you may be.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κελοίμην","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies σ̓","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b24-l299","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη Πρίαμος θεοειδής·","translation":"Then godlike Priam answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b24-l300","source":"ὦ γύναι οὐ μέν τοι τόδʼ ἐφιεμένῃ ἀπιθήσω.","translation":"\"Wife, I will not disobey you when you desire this.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"γύναι","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπιθήσω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀπιθήσω","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐφιεμένῃ","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular feminine","role":"modifies τοι","gloss":"desiring it","note":"The dative participle agrees with Hecuba and describes her desire."},{"surface":"ἀπιθήσω","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"disobey"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b24-l301","source":"ἐσθλὸν γὰρ Διὶ χεῖρας ἀνασχέμεν αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ.","translation":"It is good to lift one's hands to Zeus, in hope he may show pity.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l301.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ","title":"In hope Zeus may pity","body":"αἴ κε with the subjunctive ἐλεήσῃ expresses an open hope: raising the hands is good in case Zeus may take pity. The prayer seeks mercy without presuming it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχέμεν","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχέμεν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνασχέμεν","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to raise"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in hope that"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἐλεήσῃ","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"pity"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b24-l302","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμφίπολον ταμίην ὄτρυνʼ ὃ γεραιὸς","translation":"He spoke, and the old man urged the serving housekeeper","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφίπολον","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ταμίην","gloss":"serving woman","note":"ἀμφίπολον is accusative singular."},{"surface":"ταμίην","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυν̓","gloss":"housekeeper"},{"surface":"ὄτρυν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γεραιὸς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γεραιὸς","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὄτρυν̓","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b24-l303","source":"χερσὶν ὕδωρ ἐπιχεῦαι ἀκήρατον· ἣ δὲ παρέστη","translation":"to pour pure water over his hands. The servant came near,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιχεῦαι","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιχεῦαι","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ἐπιχεῦαι","lemma":"ἐπιχέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὄτρυν̓","gloss":"to pour","note":"The aorist infinitive complements 'urged' from the preceding line."},{"surface":"ἀκήρατον","lemma":"ἀκήρατος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"pure"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies ἀμφίπολος","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρέστη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came up beside"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b24-l304","source":"χέρνιβον ἀμφίπολος πρόχοόν θʼ ἅμα χερσὶν ἔχουσα.","translation":"holding basin and pitcher together in her hands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χέρνιβον","lemma":"χέρνιβον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"basin"},{"surface":"ἀμφίπολος","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of παρέστη","gloss":"attendant","note":"ἀμφίπολος is nominative singular and identifies the woman holding the vessels."},{"surface":"πρόχοόν","lemma":"πρόχοος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"pitcher"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχουσα","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχουσα","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχουσα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρέστη","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b24-l305","source":"νιψάμενος δὲ κύπελλον ἐδέξατο ἧς ἀλόχοιο·","translation":"When he had washed, he took the cup from his wife.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νιψάμενος","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδέξατο","gloss":"washed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύπελλον","lemma":"κύπελλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδέξατο","gloss":"cup","note":"κύπελλον is accusative singular."},{"surface":"ἐδέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχοιο","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἀλόχοιο","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδέξατο","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b24-l306","source":"εὔχετʼ ἔπειτα στὰς μέσῳ ἕρκεϊ, λεῖβε δὲ οἶνον","translation":"Then he prayed, standing in the middle of the court, and poured the wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχετ","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχετ̓","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"μέσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕρκεϊ","gloss":"in the middle","note":"The dative adjective locates Priam in the middle of the court."},{"surface":"ἕρκεϊ","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to στὰς","gloss":"court"},{"surface":"λεῖβε","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖβε","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b24-l307","source":"οὐρανὸν εἰσανιδών, καὶ φωνήσας ἔπος ηὔδα·","translation":"looking up to heaven, and raising his voice he spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσανιδών","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εἰσανιδών","lemma":"εἰσανεῖδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λεῖβε","gloss":"looking up"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"raising his voice","note":"The participle describes voicing the speech; ηὔδα is the actual verb 'spoke.'"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b24-l308","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ Ἴδηθεν μεδέων κύδιστε μέγιστε","translation":"\"Father Zeus, ruling from Ida, most glorious, most great,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l308.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ζεῦ πάτερ Ἴδηθεν μεδέων κύδιστε μέγιστε","title":"Priam's full prayer-address","body":"This whole address recurs verbatim in earlier prayers and retains the same English. Priam invokes Zeus as father, ruler from Ida, and supreme in glory and power before stating his request."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Ἴδηθεν","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεδέων","gloss":"from Ida"},{"surface":"μεδέων","lemma":"μεδέων","morphology":"present active participle, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"ruling"},{"surface":"κύδιστε","lemma":"κύδιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"most glorious"},{"surface":"μέγιστε","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"most great"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b24-l309","source":"δός μʼ ἐς Ἀχιλλῆος φίλον ἐλθεῖν ἠδʼ ἐλεεινόν,","translation":"grant that I may come before Achilles as one welcome and pitied,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δός","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δός","gloss":"me","note":"The elided accusative pronoun is the recipient in 'grant me.'"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to","note":"ἐς marks motion to Achilles, not the comparative sense 'as.'"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"welcome","note":"Predicative φίλον asks that Priam come as welcome to Achilles."},{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δός","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλεεινόν","lemma":"ἐλεεινός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pitied"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b24-l310","source":"πέμψον δʼ οἰωνὸν ταχὺν ἄγγελον, ὅς τε σοὶ αὐτῷ","translation":"and send a swift bird as messenger, the bird that is","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψον","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰωνὸν","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμψον","gloss":"bird","note":"οἰωνόν is accusative singular."},{"surface":"ταχὺν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰωνὸν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἄγγελον","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to you","note":"The dative pronoun marks the person to whom the bird is dearest."},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yourself","note":"αὐτῷ emphatically refers to Zeus himself as addressed by Priam: 'to you yourself.'"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b24-l311","source":"φίλτατος οἰωνῶν, καί εὑ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον,","translation":"dearest among all birds, and greatest in strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φίλτατος","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"οἰωνῶν","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλτατος","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μέγιστον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b24-l312","source":"δεξιόν, ὄφρά μιν αὐτὸς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι νοήσας","translation":"on the right, so that you may see it with your own eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιόν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰωνὸν","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νοήσας","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself","note":"The nominative emphatic pronoun refers to Priam, the speaker and viewer."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with","note":"The phrase is idiomatically instrumental: with my own eyes."},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσι","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"νοήσας","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴω","gloss":"having seen","note":"This is an aorist participle antecedent to Priam's going."}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b24-l313","source":"τῷ πίσυνος ἐπὶ νῆας ἴω Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων.","translation":"and trust it as I go to the ships of the swift-horsed Danaans.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πίσυνος","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"πίσυνος","lemma":"πίσυνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἴω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρά","gloss":"I may go","note":"The first-person subjunctive is the purpose-clause verb."},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"ταχυπώλων","lemma":"ταχύπωλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"swift-horsed"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b24-l314","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε μητίετα Ζεὺς","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and Zeus the counselor heard him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"the counselor"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλυε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b24-l315","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ αἰετὸν ἧκε τελειότατον πετεηνῶν","translation":"At once he sent an eagle, surest among birds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧκε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰετὸν","lemma":"ἀετός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"τελειότατον","lemma":"τέλειος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"surest"},{"surface":"πετεηνῶν","lemma":"πετεινός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τελειότατον","gloss":"birds"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b24-l316","source":"μόρφνον θηρητῆρʼ ὃν καὶ περκνὸν καλέουσιν.","translation":"the dusky hunter, whom men also call the black eagle.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l316.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μόρφνον θηρητῆρʼ ὃν καὶ περκνὸν καλέουσιν","title":"The dusky hunting eagle","body":"Homer gives the eagle two old descriptive names, μόρφνος and περκνός, both pointing to its dark or mottled coloring, and calls it a hunter. The exact ancient species behind these terms is uncertain, so the English preserves the poem's visible traits rather than imposing a modern taxonomy."}],"words":[{"surface":"μόρφνον","lemma":"μόρφνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"dusky"},{"surface":"θηρητῆρ","lemma":"θηρατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"hunter"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καλέουσιν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"περκνὸν","lemma":"περκνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of καλέουσιν","gloss":"black eagle"},{"surface":"καλέουσιν","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"call"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b24-l317","source":"ὅσση δʼ ὑψορόφοιο θύρη θαλάμοιο τέτυκται","translation":"As wide as the door of the high-roofed chamber","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσση","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑψορόφοιο","lemma":"ὑψόροφος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάμοιο","gloss":"high-roofed"},{"surface":"θύρη","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέτυκται","gloss":"door","note":"θύρη is nominative singular."},{"surface":"θαλάμοιο","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύρη","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόσσ̓","gloss":"is wide"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b24-l318","source":"ἀνέρος ἀφνειοῖο ἐῢ κληῗσʼ ἀραρυῖα,","translation":"of a rich man, fitted well and fast with a bolt,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θαλάμοιο","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀφνειοῖο","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρος","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀραρυῖα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"κληῗσ","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀραρυῖα","gloss":"with a bolt"},{"surface":"ἀραρυῖα","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies θύρη","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b24-l319","source":"τόσσʼ ἄρα τοῦ ἑκάτερθεν ἔσαν πτερά· εἴσατο δέ σφι","translation":"so wide were its wings on either side; and it appeared to them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσ","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"so wide","note":"The correlative τόσσʼ answers ὅσση and describes the eagle's wingspan."},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πτερά","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"ἑκάτερθεν","lemma":"ἑκάτερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"on either side"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"πτερά","lemma":"πτερόν","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"εἴσατο","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴσατο","gloss":"to them"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b24-l320","source":"δεξιὸς ἀΐξας διὰ ἄστεος· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες","translation":"darting on their right through the city. When they saw it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιὸς","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἀΐξας","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴσατο","gloss":"darting"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἄστεος","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γήθησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδόντες","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to γήθησαν","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b24-l321","source":"γήθησαν, καὶ πᾶσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἰάνθη.","translation":"they rejoiced, and the heart in every breast grew warm.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γήθησαν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰάνθη","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"breasts","note":"φρεσί supplies the location 'in every breast'; θυμός is the separate word for heart."},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰάνθη","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἰάνθη","lemma":"ἰαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew warm"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b24-l322","source":"σπερχόμενος δʼ ὃ γεραιὸς ἑοῦ ἐπεβήσετο δίφρου,","translation":"In haste the old man mounted his chariot,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπερχόμενος","lemma":"σπέρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπεβήσετο","gloss":"in haste"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γεραιὸς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γεραιὸς","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπεβήσετο","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἑοῦ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρου","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐπεβήσετο","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεβήσετο","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b24-l323","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἔλασε προθύροιο καὶ αἰθούσης ἐριδούπου.","translation":"and drove out through the forecourt and echoing portico.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλασε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove out"},{"surface":"προθύροιο","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"forecourt"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰθούσης","lemma":"αἴθουσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"portico"},{"surface":"ἐριδούπου","lemma":"ἐρίδουπος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰθούσης","gloss":"echoing","note":"The epithet describes the reverberant portico in this context."}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b24-l324","source":"πρόσθε μὲν ἡμίονοι ἕλκον τετράκυκλον ἀπήνην,","translation":"In front, the mules drew the four-wheeled wagon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l324.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τετράκυκλον ἀπήνην","title":"The four-wheeled wagon","body":"The ἀπήνη is the heavy wagon carrying Hector's ransom, here marked as four-wheeled. It travels ahead of Priam's lighter horse-drawn chariot."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλκον","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἡμίονοι","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕλκον","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"ἕλκον","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"τετράκυκλον","lemma":"τετράκυκλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀπήνην","gloss":"four-wheeled"},{"surface":"ἀπήνην","lemma":"ἀπήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλκον","gloss":"wagon"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b24-l325","source":"τὰς Ἰδαῖος ἔλαυνε δαΐφρων· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθεν","translation":"driven by wise Idaeus; and behind them came","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλαυνε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Ἰδαῖος","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαυνε","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"ἔλαυνε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἡμίονοι","gloss":"drove","note":"ἔλαυνε is an active imperfect with Idaeus as subject."},{"surface":"δαΐφρων","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδαῖος","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὄπισθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b24-l326","source":"ἵπποι, τοὺς ὃ γέρων ἐφέπων μάστιγι κέλευε","translation":"the horses, which the old man pressed on with the lash,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέλευε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέλευε","gloss":"old man","note":"The substantival noun γέρων denotes Priam, not merely the adjective 'old.'"},{"surface":"ἐφέπων","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κέλευε","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"μάστιγι","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφέπων","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"κέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵπποι","gloss":"bade"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b24-l327","source":"καρπαλίμως κατὰ ἄστυ· φίλοι δʼ ἅμα πάντες ἕποντο","translation":"swiftly through the city; all his loved ones followed with him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέλευε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"loved ones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φίλοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b24-l328","source":"πόλλʼ ὀλοφυρόμενοι ὡς εἰ θάνατον δὲ κιόντα.","translation":"lamenting bitterly, as though he went to his death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀλοφυρόμενοι","gloss":"bitterly"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρόμενοι","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"lamenting"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if","note":"εἰ retains its conditional value in the combination ὡς εἰ, 'as if.'"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κιόντα","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"κιόντα","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b24-l329","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν πόλιος κατέβαν, πεδίον δʼ ἀφίκοντο,","translation":"But when they had come down from the city and reached the plain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέβαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατέβαν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"κατέβαν","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"came down","note":"κατέβαν is the finite aorist verb, not a participle."},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφίκοντο","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀφίκοντο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b24-l330","source":"οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἄψορροι προτὶ Ἴλιον ἀπονέοντο","translation":"they turned back again toward Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄψορροι","lemma":"ἄψορρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἀπονέοντο","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned back"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b24-l331","source":"παῖδες καὶ γαμβροί, τὼ δʼ οὐ λάθον εὐρύοπα Ζῆν","translation":"his sons and sons-in-law; but the two did not escape the notice of wide-thundering Zeus","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l331.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ","title":"The two travelers","body":"The dual pronoun τώ means exactly two and gathers Priam and Idaeus together after the rest of the family has turned back. Greek can mark this pair with a grammatical number distinct from singular and plural."}],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαμβροί","lemma":"γαμβρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"sons-in-law"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λάθον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"λάθον","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice","note":"λάθον is the finite aorist in the phrase 'did not escape Zeus's notice.'"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζῆν","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Ζῆν","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάθον","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b24-l332","source":"ἐς πεδίον προφανέντε· ἰδὼν δʼ ἐλέησε γέροντα,","translation":"as they appeared upon the plain. He saw the old man and pitied him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto","note":"ἐς marks their appearance onto the plain, not comparison."},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"προφανέντε","lemma":"προφαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to λάθον","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλέησε","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλέησε","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"γέροντα","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλέησε","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b24-l333","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Ἑρμείαν υἱὸν φίλον ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"and at once addressed his dear son Hermes:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἑρμείαν","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"directly","note":"ἀντίον modifies Zeus's addressing of Hermes face-to-face or directly."},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b24-l334","source":"Ἑρμεία, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε φίλτατόν ἐστιν","translation":"\"Hermes, to you above all it is dearest","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l334.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φίλτατόν","title":"Hermes as a traveler's companion","body":"The superlative φίλτατον says that escorting a man as his companion is especially dear to Hermes. Zeus assigns him the role that suits him best: guiding a vulnerable traveler safely through danger."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμεία","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστά","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φίλτατόν","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b24-l335","source":"ἀνδρὶ ἑταιρίσσαι, καί τʼ ἔκλυες ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα,","translation":"to be a man's companion, and you listen to whomever you choose.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑταιρίσσαι","gloss":"with a man","note":"The dative belongs with ἑταιρίσσαι: to act as companion to a man."},{"surface":"ἑταιρίσσαι","lemma":"ἑταιρίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"be companion"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυες","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"listen to"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whomever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may","note":"The modal particle belongs with 'whomever you may choose'; it is not the pronoun 'you.'"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἔκλυες","gloss":"choose"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b24-l336","source":"βάσκʼ ἴθι καὶ Πρίαμον κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"Come, go, and guide Priam to the hollow ships of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάσκ","lemma":"βάσκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come","note":"βάσκʼ is the urging 'come now,' followed by the distinct command ἴθι, 'go.'"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go","note":"ἴθι is the imperative 'go,' not 'come.'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρίαμον","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγαγ̓","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b24-l337","source":"ὣς ἄγαγʼ, ὡς μήτʼ ἄρ τις ἴδῃ μήτʼ ἄρ τε νοήσῃ","translation":"in such a way that none may see or notice him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l337.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς μήτʼ ἄρ τις ἴδῃ μήτʼ ἄρ τε νοήσῃ","title":"A purpose stated negatively","body":"After ὥς, the subjunctives ἴδῃ and νοήσῃ state Zeus's intended result: no one is to see Priam or become aware of him. The paired μήτε ... μήτε binds the two dangers together."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγαγ̓","gloss":"thus","note":"ὣς describes the manner in which Hermes is to guide Priam."},{"surface":"ἄγαγ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guide him"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither","note":"μήτε begins the first member of the neither/nor construction."},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μήτ̓","gloss":"anyone","note":"The indefinite pronoun is the subject of 'may see,' not its object."},{"surface":"ἴδῃ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μήτ̓","gloss":"may see"},{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor","note":"The second μήτε coordinates 'nor notice.'"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νοήσῃ","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μήτ̓","gloss":"notice him"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b24-l338","source":"τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν, πρὶν Πηλεΐωνα δʼ ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"among the other Danaans before he reaches the son of Peleus.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b24-l339","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης.","translation":"So he spoke, and the guide, the slayer of Argus, did not disobey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b24-l340","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἔπειθʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα","translation":"At once he bound beneath his feet the handsome sandals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδήσατο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδήσατο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἐδήσατο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδήσατο","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b24-l341","source":"ἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, τά μιν φέρον ἠμὲν ἐφʼ ὑγρὴν","translation":"immortal and golden, which carried him over the waters","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβρόσια","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"χρύσεια","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πέδιλα","gloss":"carried him"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ὑγρὴν","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b24-l342","source":"ἠδʼ ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν ἅμα πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο·","translation":"and over the boundless earth together with the blasts of wind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀπείρονα","lemma":"ἀπείρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"πνοιῇς","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"blasts"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πνοιῇς","gloss":"wind"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b24-l343","source":"εἵλετο δὲ ῥάβδον, τῇ τʼ ἀνδρῶν ὄμματα θέλγει","translation":"He took the wand with which he charms the eyes of men,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥάβδον","lemma":"ῥάβδος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"wand","note":"ῥάβδον is singular and denotes Hermes' wand."},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄμματα","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὄμματα","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θέλγει","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"θέλγει","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"charms"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b24-l344","source":"ὧν ἐθέλει, τοὺς δʼ αὖτε καὶ ὑπνώοντας ἐγείρει·","translation":"whomever he wishes, and in turn awakens those who sleep.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whomever","note":"The genitive relative means 'of whomever he wishes' in reference to the eyes he charms."},{"surface":"ἐθέλει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγείρει","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπνώοντας","lemma":"ὑπνάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies τοὺς","gloss":"those who sleep"},{"surface":"ἐγείρει","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"awakens"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b24-l345","source":"τὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων πέτετο κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης.","translation":"Holding it in his hands, the mighty slayer of Argus flew,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέτετο","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"πέτετο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"κρατὺς","lemma":"κρατύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέτετο","gloss":"slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b24-l346","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἄρα Τροίην τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκανε,","translation":"and quickly reached Troy and the Hellespont.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανε","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑλλήσποντον","lemma":"Ἑλλήσποντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hellespont"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b24-l347","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι κούρῳ αἰσυμνητῆρι ἐοικὼς","translation":"He went on in the likeness of a young prince,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l347.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κούρῳ αἰσυμνητῆρι ἐοικὼς","title":"Hermes in a prince's likeness","body":"Hermes appears like a young αἰσυμνητήρ, a prince or chosen leader. The disguise makes divine authority look reassuringly human to Priam and Idaeus."}],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κούρῳ","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικὼς","gloss":"young man","note":"The dative noun is the young prince whom Hermes resembles."},{"surface":"αἰσυμνητῆρι","lemma":"αἰσυμνητήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρῳ","gloss":"prince"},{"surface":"ἐοικὼς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"resembling","note":"The perfect participle expresses resemblance to the young prince."}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b24-l348","source":"πρῶτον ὑπηνήτῃ, τοῦ περ χαριεστάτη ἥβη.","translation":"whose beard is first coming in, when youth is loveliest.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπηνήτῃ","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ὑπηνήτῃ","lemma":"ὑπηνήτης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρῳ","gloss":"beard first coming"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥβη","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"χαριεστάτη","lemma":"χαρίεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"loveliest"},{"surface":"ἥβη","lemma":"ἥβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"youth"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b24-l349","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν μέγα σῆμα παρὲξ Ἴλοιο ἔλασσαν,","translation":"When the two had driven past the great tomb of Ilus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of στῆσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παρὲξ","gloss":"tomb"},{"surface":"παρὲξ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"past","note":"παρέξ describes driving past the tomb of Ilus."},{"surface":"Ἴλοιο","lemma":"Ἶλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"of Ilus"},{"surface":"ἔλασσαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"driven"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b24-l350","source":"στῆσαν ἄρʼ ἡμιόνους τε καὶ ἵππους ὄφρα πίοιεν","translation":"they halted the mules and horses so they might drink","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆσαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνους","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that","note":"ὄφρα introduces the purpose for halting the animals."},{"surface":"πίοιεν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"they might drink","note":"The optative is the purpose-clause verb with the mules and horses as subject."}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b24-l351","source":"ἐν ποταμῷ· δὴ γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἤλυθε γαῖαν.","translation":"in the river, for darkness had already come over the earth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"κνέφας","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθε","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἤλυθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤλυθε","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b24-l352","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο ἰδὼν ἐφράσσατο κῆρυξ","translation":"The herald caught sight of Hermes close at hand and marked him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from","note":"ἐξ belongs with 'from close at hand,' not the conjunction 'and.'"},{"surface":"ἀγχιμόλοιο","lemma":"ἀγχίμολος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφράσσατο","gloss":"saw him"},{"surface":"ἐφράσσατο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marked him"},{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφράσσατο","gloss":"herald"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b24-l353","source":"Ἑρμείαν, ποτὶ δὲ Πρίαμον φάτο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"and he spoke to Priam and addressed him:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείαν","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφράσσατο","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρίαμον","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b24-l354","source":"φράζεο Δαρδανίδη· φραδέος νόου ἔργα τέτυκται.","translation":"\"Take thought, son of Dardanus: this calls for a prudent mind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l354.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Δαρδανίδη","title":"Son of Dardanus","body":"Δαρδανίδη addresses Priam by descent from Dardanus, founder of the royal line. The patronymic makes the solitary old man carry the full ancestry of Troy into this encounter."}],"words":[{"surface":"φράζεο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take thought"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίδη","lemma":"Δαρδανίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Dardanus"},{"surface":"φραδέος","lemma":"φραδής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόου","gloss":"prudent"},{"surface":"νόου","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τέτυκται","gloss":"events"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls for"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b24-l355","source":"ἄνδρʼ ὁρόω, τάχα δʼ ἄμμε διαρραίσεσθαι ὀΐω.","translation":"I see a man, and I think he will soon cut us down.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρόω","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὁρόω","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I see"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαρραίσεσθαι","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμμε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διαρραίσεσθαι","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"διαρραίσεσθαι","lemma":"διαρραίω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"cut us down"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b24-l356","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ φεύγωμεν ἐφʼ ἵππων, ἤ μιν ἔπειτα","translation":"Come, let us flee upon the horses, or else","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"φεύγωμεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us flee"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or else"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λιτανεύσομεν","gloss":"him","note":"The accusative pronoun refers to the approaching man whose knees they might clasp."},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λιτανεύσομεν","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b24-l357","source":"γούνων ἁψάμενοι λιτανεύσομεν αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ.","translation":"clasp his knees and beseech him, in hope he may pity us.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γούνων","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἁψάμενοι","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἁψάμενοι","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λιτανεύσομεν","gloss":"clasping","note":"The aorist participle describes clasping the man's knees before beseeching him."},{"surface":"λιτανεύσομεν","lemma":"λιτανεύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we will beseech","note":"λιτανεύσομεν is first-person plural future, not past tense."},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in hope that"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἐλεήσῃ","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"pity"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b24-l358","source":"ὣς φάτο, σὺν δὲ γέροντι νόος χύτο, δείδιε δʼ αἰνῶς,","translation":"So he spoke; the old man's mind dissolved within him, and he was terribly afraid.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντι","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χύτο","gloss":"old man","note":"The substantival dative denotes Priam, whose mind was confounded."},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χύτο","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"χύτο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dissolved"},{"surface":"δείδιε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was afraid","note":"δείδιε is the finite verb describing Priam's fear."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδιε","gloss":"terribly"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b24-l359","source":"ὀρθαὶ δὲ τρίχες ἔσταν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσι,","translation":"The hair stood upright on his bent limbs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l359.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀρθαὶ δὲ τρίχες ἔσταν","title":"Hair standing in fear","body":"Homer makes Priam's fear visible across his body: his hairs stand straight up. The familiar physical response arrests him before Hermes reaches out."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀρθαὶ","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρίχες","lemma":"θρίξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσταν","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"ἔσταν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"γναμπτοῖσι","lemma":"γναμπτός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέλεσσι","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"μέλεσσι","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b24-l360","source":"στῆ δὲ ταφών· αὐτὸς δʼ ἐριούνιος ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν","translation":"and he stood amazed. But the strong luck-bringer himself came near,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ταφών","lemma":"τέθηπα","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"amazed"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐριούνιος","lemma":"ἐριούνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξείρετο","gloss":"luck-bringer"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθὼν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξείρετο","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b24-l361","source":"χεῖρα γέροντος ἑλὼν ἐξείρετο καὶ προσέειπε·","translation":"took the old man's hand, questioned him, and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"old man","note":"The genitive noun identifies whose hand Hermes took."},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξείρετο","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ἐξείρετο","lemma":"ἐξέρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"questioned"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b24-l362","source":"πῇ πάτερ ὧδʼ ἵππους τε καὶ ἡμιόνους ἰθύνεις","translation":"\"Where, father, are you guiding horses and mules like this","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of ἰθύνεις","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰθύνεις","gloss":"like this","note":"ὧδε describes the manner in which Priam is guiding the animals."},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνους","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"ἰθύνεις","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you guiding","note":"The present second-person verb is the question's predicate."}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b24-l363","source":"νύκτα διʼ ἀμβροσίην, ὅτε θʼ εὕδουσι βροτοὶ ἄλλοι;","translation":"through the immortal night, when other mortals are asleep?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δἰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίην","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕδουσι","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὕδουσι","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἰθύνεις","gloss":"sleep","note":"εὕδουσι is a finite present verb, not an adjective."},{"surface":"βροτοὶ","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εὕδουσι","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b24-l364","source":"οὐδὲ σύ γʼ ἔδεισας μένεα πνείοντας Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"Did you not fear the Achaeans breathing fury,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔδεισας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔδεισας","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"μένεα","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πνείοντας","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"πνείοντας","lemma":"πνέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"breathing"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔδεισας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b24-l365","source":"οἵ τοι δυσμενέες καὶ ἀνάρσιοι ἐγγὺς ἔασι;","translation":"who are hostile and merciless and close at hand?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l365.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δυσμενέες καὶ ἀνάρσιοι","title":"Hostile and merciless","body":"δυσμενής names an enemy in disposition, while ἀνάρσιος adds the sense of one who is hostile or gives no quarter. Hermes voices the danger as Priam himself must perceive it."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔασι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔασι","gloss":"to you","note":"The enclitic dative marks the Achaeans as hostile to Priam."},{"surface":"δυσμενέες","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάρσιοι","lemma":"ἀνάρσιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασι","gloss":"close at hand"},{"surface":"ἔασι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"are","note":"ἔασι is the finite copula; 'who' is supplied by the line's opening relative pronoun."}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b24-l366","source":"τῶν εἴ τίς σε ἴδοιτο θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν","translation":"If one of them should see you through the swift black night,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδοιτο","gloss":"someone","note":"The indefinite pronoun is the subject of 'should see you.'"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδοιτο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἴδοιτο","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b24-l367","source":"τοσσάδʼ ὀνείατʼ ἄγοντα, τίς ἂν δή τοι νόος εἴη;","translation":"bringing so much treasure, what would your purpose be then?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοσσάδ","lemma":"τοσόσδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὀνείατ̓","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"ὀνείατ","lemma":"ὄνειαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγοντα","gloss":"treasure"},{"surface":"ἄγοντα","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bringing it"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b24-l368","source":"οὔτʼ αὐτὸς νέος ἐσσί, γέρων δέ τοι οὗτος ὀπηδεῖ,","translation":"You yourself are not young, and this old man attends you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"νέος","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ἐσσί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀπηδεῖ","gloss":"to you","note":"The dative pronoun marks the old man who attends Priam."},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὀπηδεῖ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ὀπηδεῖ","lemma":"ὀπαδέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b24-l369","source":"ἄνδρʼ ἀπαμύνασθαι, ὅτε τις πρότερος χαλεπήνῃ.","translation":"to ward off a man, should someone attack you first.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπαμύνασθαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀπαμύνασθαι","lemma":"ἀπαμύνω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to νέος","gloss":"ward off"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χαλεπήνῃ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χαλεπήνῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"χαλεπήνῃ","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀπαμύνασθαι","gloss":"attack"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b24-l370","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐδέν σε ῥέξω κακά, καὶ δέ κεν ἄλλον","translation":"But I shall do you no harm, and I would defend you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὐδέν","lemma":"οὐδείς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ῥέξω","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ῥέξω","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"κακά","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέξω","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would","note":"The modal particle belongs with the optative 'I would ward off.'"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀπαλεξήσαιμι","gloss":"another man","note":"ἄλλον is the person Hermes would ward away, not the phrase 'defend you.'"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b24-l371","source":"σεῦ ἀπαλεξήσαιμι· φίλῳ δέ σε πατρὶ ἐΐσκω.","translation":"from another man, for you are like my own dear father.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπαλεξήσαιμι","gloss":"from you","note":"The genitive pronoun depends on 'ward off': Hermes would ward another man away from Priam."},{"surface":"ἀπαλεξήσαιμι","lemma":"ἀπαλέξω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would ward off","note":"The optative expresses Hermes' offer to repel another man."},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐΐσκω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐΐσκω","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐΐσκω","lemma":"ἐίσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are like"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b24-l372","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·","translation":"Then godlike old Priam answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b24-l373","source":"οὕτω πῃ τάδε γʼ ἐστὶ φίλον τέκος ὡς ἀγορεύεις.","translation":"\"Somehow it is just as you say, dear child.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"thus","note":"οὕτω is the adverb 'thus/so,' not the phrase 'just as you are.'"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶ","gloss":"somehow","note":"The enclitic adverb qualifies Priam's cautious assent."},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"these things","note":"The neuter plural pronoun refers to what Hermes has said, not to the child."},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕτω","gloss":"say"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b24-l374","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι τις καὶ ἐμεῖο θεῶν ὑπερέσχεθε χεῖρα,","translation":"Yet even over me some god has held a protecting hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπερέσχεθε","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπερέσχεθε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the gods","note":"The genitive plural is partitive with τις: some one of the gods."},{"surface":"ὑπερέσχεθε","lemma":"ὑπερέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held over"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπερέσχεθε","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b24-l375","source":"ὅς μοι τοιόνδʼ ἧκεν ὁδοιπόρον ἀντιβολῆσαι","translation":"sending me such a wayfarer to meet upon my road,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἧκεν","gloss":"who","note":"The relative pronoun refers to the protecting god."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"to me","note":"The dative pronoun marks Priam as the recipient of the wayfarer."},{"surface":"τοιόνδ","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὁδοιπόρον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἧκεν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τις","gloss":"sent","note":"ἧκεν is the finite aorist verb, not a participle."},{"surface":"ὁδοιπόρον","lemma":"ὁδοιπόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"wayfarer"},{"surface":"ἀντιβολῆσαι","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"to meet"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b24-l376","source":"αἴσιον, οἷος δὴ σὺ δέμας καὶ εἶδος ἀγητός,","translation":"an auspicious traveler, wondrous as you are in build and beauty,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴσιον","lemma":"αἴσιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδοιπόρον","gloss":"auspicious"},{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as","note":"The relative adjective introduces Hermes' remarkable qualities."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in build"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"ἀγητός","lemma":"ἀγητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"admirable"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b24-l377","source":"πέπνυσαί τε νόῳ, μακάρων δʼ ἔξεσσι τοκήων.","translation":"wise in mind; you are born of blessed parents.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l377.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πέπνυσαί","title":"Wisdom as a completed state","body":"πέπνυσαι is perfect in form and describes the settled state of having become wise or discerning. Priam reads mature judgment beneath Hermes' youthful appearance."}],"words":[{"surface":"πέπνυσαί","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"you are wise","note":"The second-person perfect explicitly predicates wisdom of Hermes."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόῳ","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέπνυσαί","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"μακάρων","lemma":"μάκαρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοκήων","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔξεσσι","lemma":"ἔξειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are born"},{"surface":"τοκήων","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔξεσσι","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b24-l378","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·","translation":"Then the guide, the slayer of Argus, said to him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b24-l379","source":"ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα γέρον κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Yes, old man, all this you have spoken rightly and in due order.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναὶ","lemma":"ναί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"all this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτά","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to","note":"κατά governs μοῖραν in the idiom 'according to due measure/order.'"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"in due order"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have spoken"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b24-l380","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον,","translation":"But come, tell me this and recount it truly:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"plainly"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recount"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b24-l381","source":"ἠέ πῃ ἐκπέμπεις κειμήλια πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὰ","translation":"are you sending away these many splendid treasures","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"object","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἐκπέμπεις","lemma":"ἐκπέμπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"sending away"},{"surface":"κειμήλια","lemma":"κειμήλιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπέμπεις","gloss":"treasures"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὰ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b24-l382","source":"ἄνδρας ἐς ἀλλοδαποὺς ἵνα περ τάδε τοι σόα μίμνῃ,","translation":"to foreign men, so that your goods may remain safe there,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l382.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄνδρας ἐς ἀλλοδαποὺς","title":"Men of another land","body":"ἀλλοδαπός means belonging to another people or country. Hermes' feigned question suggests that Troy's danger might force its wealth abroad for safekeeping."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to","note":"ἐς marks motion toward foreign men, not the adverb 'there.'"},{"surface":"ἀλλοδαποὺς","lemma":"ἀλλοδαπός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μίμνῃ","gloss":"so that","note":"ἵνα introduces the purpose for sending away the treasures."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of μίμνῃ","gloss":"these things","note":"The neuter plural pronoun refers to the treasures."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μίμνῃ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"σόα","lemma":"σόος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"μίμνῃ","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πῃ","gloss":"remain"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b24-l383","source":"ἦ ἤδη πάντες καταλείπετε Ἴλιον ἱρὴν","translation":"or are all of you already abandoning sacred Ilion","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καταλείπετε","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καταλείπετε","gloss":"all of you"},{"surface":"καταλείπετε","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"abandoning"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καταλείπετε","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρὴν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b24-l384","source":"δειδιότες· τοῖος γὰρ ἀνὴρ ὤριστος ὄλωλε","translation":"in fear, now the best man of all has died,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δειδιότες","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καταλείπετε","gloss":"in fear"},{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὤριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ὄλωλε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"died"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b24-l385","source":"σὸς πάϊς· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι μάχης ἐπιδεύετʼ Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"your son, who never fell short of the Achaeans in battle?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὸς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιδεύετ̓","gloss":"at all","note":"Indefinite τι is adverbial under negation: Hector did not fall short at all."},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιδεύετ̓","gloss":"in battle","note":"The genitive specifies the respect in which Hector did not fall short."},{"surface":"ἐπιδεύετ","lemma":"ἐπιδεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell short"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπιδεύετ̓","gloss":"of the Achaeans","note":"The genitive supplies the comparison: Hector did not fall short of the Achaeans."}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b24-l386","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·","translation":"Then godlike old Priam answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b24-l387","source":"τίς δὲ σύ ἐσσι φέριστε τέων δʼ ἔξεσσι τοκήων;","translation":"\"Who are you, excellent man, and of what parents are you born,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you"},{"surface":"φέριστε","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"excellent man","note":"The vocative is a respectful superlative address to Hermes."},{"surface":"τέων","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τοκήων","gloss":"of whom","note":"The genitive interrogative asks from which parents Hermes comes."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔξεσσι","lemma":"ἔξειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are born"},{"surface":"τοκήων","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔξεσσι","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b24-l388","source":"ὥς μοι καλὰ τὸν οἶτον ἀπότμου παιδὸς ἔνισπες.","translation":"that you have told so well the fate of my ill-starred son?\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνισπες","gloss":"how","note":"ὥς introduces the exclamation about how well Hermes spoke."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔνισπες","gloss":"to me","note":"The dative pronoun marks Priam as the person told the news."},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔνισπες","gloss":"well","note":"The neuter plural adjective is used adverbially to modify 'told.'"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies οἶτον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"οἶτον","lemma":"οἶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνισπες","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ἀπότμου","lemma":"ἄποτμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"ill-starred"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶτον","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔνισπες","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b24-l389","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·","translation":"Then the guide, the slayer of Argus, said to him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b24-l390","source":"πειρᾷ ἐμεῖο γεραιὲ καὶ εἴρεαι Ἕκτορα δῖον.","translation":"\"You are testing me, old man, and asking about godlike Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l390.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πειρᾷ","title":"A question as a test","body":"The present middle πειρᾷ means that Priam is putting Hermes to the test. Hermes recognizes that the father's question probes whether this stranger truly knew Hector."}],"words":[{"surface":"πειρᾷ","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"testing"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πειρᾷ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γεραιὲ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴρεαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you ask about"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴρεαι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b24-l391","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ μάλα πολλὰ μάχῃ ἔνι κυδιανείρῃ","translation":"Many times I saw him in battle where men win glory,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄπωπα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄπωπα","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὄπωπα","gloss":"many times"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κυδιανείρῃ","lemma":"κυδιάνειρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μάχῃ","gloss":"men win glory"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b24-l392","source":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὄπωπα, καὶ εὖτʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἐλάσσας","translation":"with my own eyes, and when toward the ships he drove","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄπωπα","gloss":"with my eyes","note":"The dative plural is instrumental and supplies the means of seeing."},{"surface":"ὄπωπα","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτείνεσκε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐλάσσας","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κτείνεσκε","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b24-l393","source":"Ἀργείους κτείνεσκε δαΐζων ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ·","translation":"the Argives, killing and hewing them with sharp bronze.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l393.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κτείνεσκε","title":"Repeated killing","body":"The iterative ending -σκ- presents Hector's killing as repeated action during the assault on the ships. Hermes' story builds credibility by recalling a sustained battlefield pattern, not one isolated stroke."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κτείνεσκε","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"κτείνεσκε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄπωπα","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"δαΐζων","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κτείνεσκε","gloss":"hewing"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δαΐζων","gloss":"with bronze","note":"The dative is instrumental with the killing and hewing."}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b24-l394","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ ἑσταότες θαυμάζομεν· οὐ γὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"We stood watching in wonder, for Achilles","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θαυμάζομεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑσταότες","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θαυμάζομεν","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"θαυμάζομεν","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we marvel"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴα","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b24-l395","source":"εἴα μάρνασθαι κεχολωμένος Ἀτρεΐωνι.","translation":"would not let us fight, enraged with the son of Atreus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"μάρνασθαι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of εἴα","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"κεχολωμένος","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴα","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐωνι","lemma":"Ἀτρείων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχολωμένος","gloss":"the son of Atreus"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b24-l396","source":"τοῦ γὰρ ἐγὼ θεράπων, μία δʼ ἤγαγε νηῦς εὐεργής·","translation":"I am his attendant, and one well-built ship brought me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l396.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεράπων","title":"A warrior-attendant","body":"A θεράπων is not merely a servant but a trusted heroic attendant who may fight beside his lord. Hermes chooses a role close enough to Achilles to make his knowledge of Hector plausible."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"μία","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγε","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"εὐεργής","lemma":"εὐεργής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"well-made"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b24-l397","source":"Μυρμιδόνων δʼ ἔξειμι, πατὴρ δέ μοί ἐστι Πολύκτωρ.","translation":"I am one of the Myrmidons, and my father is Polyctor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνων","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔξειμι","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔξειμι","lemma":"ἔξειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am one"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"my","note":"The dative of possession in 'my father is Polyctor' is not the subject pronoun 'I.'"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Πολύκτωρ","lemma":"Πολύκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Polyctor"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b24-l398","source":"ἀφνειὸς μὲν ὅ γʼ ἐστί, γέρων δὲ δὴ ὡς σύ περ ὧδε,","translation":"He is wealthy, but old now, just as you are.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφνειὸς","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wealthy"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is","note":"ἐστί is third-person singular and refers to Polyctor."},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"so"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b24-l399","source":"ἓξ δέ οἱ υἷες ἔασιν, ἐγὼ δέ οἱ ἕβδομός εἰμι·","translation":"He has six sons, and I am his seventh.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἓξ","lemma":"ἕξ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔασιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are","note":"ἔασιν is third-person plural, agreeing with the six sons."},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰμι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἕβδομός","lemma":"ἕβδομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"seventh"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b24-l400","source":"τῶν μέτα παλλόμενος κλήρῳ λάχον ἐνθάδʼ ἕπεσθαι.","translation":"After casting lots among them, my lot was to follow here.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μέτα","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"μέτα","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"παλλόμενος","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάχον","gloss":"casting lots"},{"surface":"κλήρῳ","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λάχον","gloss":"lot"},{"surface":"λάχον","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew the lot"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἕπεσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἕπεσθαι","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of λάχον","gloss":"to follow","note":"The infinitive expresses the lot assigned to Hermes' disguised persona."}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b24-l401","source":"νῦν δʼ ἦλθον πεδίον δʼ ἀπὸ νηῶν· ἠῶθεν γὰρ","translation":"Now I have come from the ships onto the plain, for at dawn","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have come"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἦλθον","gloss":"to the plain","note":"The accusative marks the destination of his coming."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἕωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θήσονται","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b24-l402","source":"θήσονται περὶ ἄστυ μάχην ἑλίκωπες Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"the bright-eyed Achaeans will set battle around the city.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l402.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑλίκωπες Ἀχαιοί","title":"Bright-eyed Achaeans","body":"ἑλίκωπες is the inherited collective epithet for the Achaeans, rendered \"bright-eyed.\" Hermes keeps his Myrmidon disguise by speaking from within the Achaean army."}],"words":[{"surface":"θήσονται","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will set","note":"θήσονται is a future verb describing the coming battle."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θήσονται","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἑλίκωπες","lemma":"ἑλίκωψ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of θήσονται","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b24-l403","source":"ἀσχαλόωσι γὰρ οἵδε καθήμενοι, οὐδὲ δύνανται","translation":"They chafe at sitting here and cannot","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσχαλόωσι","lemma":"ἀσχαλάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they chafe"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἵδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀσχαλόωσι","gloss":"these men","note":"The nominative plural demonstrative is the subject of 'chafe.'"},{"surface":"καθήμενοι","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀσχαλόωσι","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"δύνανται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cannot"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b24-l404","source":"ἴσχειν ἐσσυμένους πολέμου βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"be held from rushing to war by the kings of the Achaeans.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσχειν","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δύνανται","gloss":"restrain","note":"The active infinitive expresses what the Achaean kings cannot do."},{"surface":"ἐσσυμένους","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of ἴσχειν","gloss":"rushing"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐσσυμένους","gloss":"from war","note":"The genitive marks what the eager men cannot be restrained from."},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δύνανται","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b24-l405","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·","translation":"Then godlike old Priam answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b24-l406","source":"εἰ μὲν δὴ θεράπων Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος","translation":"\"If you truly are an attendant of Achilles, son of Peleus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"Πηληϊάδεω","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b24-l407","source":"εἴς, ἄγε δή μοι πᾶσαν ἀληθείην κατάλεξον,","translation":"come, tell me the whole truth:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you are","note":"εἴς is the second-person copula completing the condition from the prior line."},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατάλεξον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀληθείην","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ἀληθείην","lemma":"ἀλήθεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the truth"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell","note":"The aorist imperative is a command, not a future verb."}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b24-l408","source":"ἢ ἔτι πὰρ νήεσσιν ἐμὸς πάϊς, ἦέ μιν ἤδη","translation":"is my son still beside the ships, or has Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νήεσσιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the ships","note":"νήεσσιν is the dative object of παρά; the preceding word already supplies 'beside.'"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προύθηκεν","gloss":"him","note":"The accusative pronoun refers to Hector, not an inanimate 'it.'"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προύθηκεν","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b24-l409","source":"ᾗσι κυσὶν μελεϊστὶ ταμὼν προύθηκεν Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"already cut him limb from limb and cast him before his dogs?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l409.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μελεϊστὶ ταμὼν","title":"Cut limb from limb","body":"μελεϊστί means limb by limb, while ταμών supplies the cutting. Priam's question voices the extreme mutilation he fears without claiming that it has happened."}],"words":[{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυσὶν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κυσὶν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of προύθηκεν","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"μελεϊστὶ","lemma":"μελειστί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ταμὼν","gloss":"limb from limb"},{"surface":"ταμὼν","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προύθηκεν","gloss":"cut him"},{"surface":"προύθηκεν","lemma":"προτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦέ","gloss":"cast before"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προύθηκεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b24-l410","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·","translation":"Then the guide, the slayer of Argus, said to him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b24-l411","source":"ὦ γέρον οὔ πω τόν γε κύνες φάγον οὐδʼ οἰωνοί,","translation":"\"Old man, neither dogs nor birds have yet devoured him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to φάγον","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φάγον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"φάγον","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devoured"},{"surface":"οἰωνοί","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"birds"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b24-l412","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι κεῖνος κεῖται Ἀχιλλῆος παρὰ νηῒ","translation":"He still lies beside Achilles' ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b24-l413","source":"αὔτως ἐν κλισίῃσι· δυωδεκάτη δέ οἱ ἠὼς","translation":"just as he was, among the huts. This is the twelfth dawn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"just as he was","note":"αὔτως states that Hector remains unchanged in the huts."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσι","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"δυωδεκάτη","lemma":"δωδέκατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the twelfth"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for him","note":"The dative pronoun marks whose twelfth dawn this is."},{"surface":"ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b24-l414","source":"κειμένῳ, οὐδέ τί οἱ χρὼς σήπεται, οὐδέ μιν εὐλαὶ","translation":"he has lain there, yet his flesh does not decay, nor do worms","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l414.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐλαὶ","title":"The worms of decay","body":"εὐλαί are the maggots expected to consume exposed flesh. Their absence is physical evidence that the gods are preserving Hector's body."}],"words":[{"surface":"κειμένῳ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lying there","note":"The dative participle agrees with Hector and continues 'the twelfth dawn for him lying there.'"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to σήπεται","gloss":"at all","note":"Indefinite τι is adverbial under negation, not itself the word 'not.'"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σήπεται","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"χρὼς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σήπεται","gloss":"flesh","note":"χρώς is the subject that does not decay."},{"surface":"σήπεται","lemma":"σήπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"decays","note":"σήπεται is present singular and predicates decay of Hector's flesh."},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσθουσ̓","gloss":"him","note":"The accusative pronoun is the object of the worms' eating."},{"surface":"εὐλαὶ","lemma":"εὐλή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσθουσ̓","gloss":"worms"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b24-l415","source":"ἔσθουσʼ, αἵ ῥά τε φῶτας ἀρηϊφάτους κατέδουσιν.","translation":"eat him, the worms that consume men slain in war.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσθουσ","lemma":"ἔσθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"eat","note":"The present plural verb has the worms as subject and Hector as object."},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέδουσιν","gloss":"which","note":"The nominative plural relative pronoun refers to the worms."},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φῶτας","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατέδουσιν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀρηϊφάτους","lemma":"ἀρείφατος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φῶτας","gloss":"slain in battle"},{"surface":"κατέδουσιν","lemma":"κατέδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing εὐλαὶ","gloss":"devour"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b24-l416","source":"ἦ μέν μιν περὶ σῆμα ἑοῦ ἑτάροιο φίλοιο","translation":"It is true, around the tomb of his dear comrade","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλκει","gloss":"him","note":"The accusative pronoun is Hector, whom Achilles drags."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"the tomb"},{"surface":"ἑοῦ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροιο","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἑτάροιο","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"comrade"},{"surface":"φίλοιο","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροιο","gloss":"dear"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b24-l417","source":"ἕλκει ἀκηδέστως ἠὼς ὅτε δῖα φανήῃ,","translation":"Achilles drags him pitilessly whenever shining Dawn appears,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l417.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἠὼς ὅτε δῖα φανήῃ","title":"Whenever Dawn appears","body":"ὅτε with the subjunctive φανήῃ has repeated or general force here: Achilles drags Hector whenever dawn appears. The wording confirms the recurring ritual described at the book's opening."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκει","lemma":"ἑλκέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drags","note":"ἕλκει is present tense and describes Achilles' repeated action."},{"surface":"ἀκηδέστως","lemma":"ἀκήδεστος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλκει","gloss":"pitilessly"},{"surface":"ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φανήῃ","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠὼς","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"φανήῃ","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"appears"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b24-l418","source":"οὐδέ μιν αἰσχύνει· θηοῖό κεν αὐτὸς ἐπελθὼν","translation":"but he does not disfigure him. You would marvel if you came yourself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἰσχύνει","gloss":"him","note":"The accusative pronoun is the object of 'disfigures.'"},{"surface":"αἰσχύνει","lemma":"αἰσχύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"disfigures","note":"αἰσχύνει is the present verb negated by οὐδέ; it does not mean 'would marvel.'"},{"surface":"θηοῖό","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would marvel","note":"The optative θηοῖό with κεν expresses what Priam would do if he came."},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"you would"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἐπελθὼν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θηοῖό","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b24-l419","source":"οἷον ἐερσήεις κεῖται, περὶ δʼ αἷμα νένιπται,","translation":"at how he lies there fresh with dew, the blood all washed away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l419.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐερσήεις","title":"Fresh with dew","body":"ἐερσήεις means dewy or fresh with dew. The image gives Hector's divinely preserved corpse the freshness of morning rather than the corruption expected after twelve days."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἐερσήεις","lemma":"ἑρσήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fresh with dew"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νένιπται","gloss":"away","note":"περί is adverbial with the perfect passive: the blood has been washed away."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"object of νένιπται","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"νένιπται","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"has been washed away","note":"The perfect middle-passive describes the blood's completed removal."}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b24-l420","source":"οὐδέ ποθι μιαρός· σὺν δʼ ἕλκεα πάντα μέμυκεν","translation":"with no stain upon him; all his wounds have closed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"anywhere","note":"Under negation ποθι means 'anywhere,' not 'somehow.'"},{"surface":"μιαρός","lemma":"μιαρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stained","note":"μιαρός is the predicate adjective: Hector is not stained anywhere."},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together","note":"σύν is adverbial with the wounds' closing together, not the preposition 'with.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλκεα","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of μέμυκεν","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕλκεα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μέμυκεν","lemma":"μύω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have closed"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b24-l421","source":"ὅσσʼ ἐτύπη· πολέες γὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ χαλκὸν ἔλασσαν.","translation":"all those he received, for many men drove bronze into him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐτύπη","gloss":"all that","note":"The relative plural refers to all the wounds Hector received."},{"surface":"ἐτύπη","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἕλκεα","gloss":"he received"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔλασσαν","gloss":"many men","note":"The substantival plural adjective is the subject of 'drove bronze.'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλασσαν","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔλασσαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b24-l422","source":"ὥς τοι κήδονται μάκαρες θεοὶ υἷος ἑῆος","translation":"So the blessed gods care for your son,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κήδονται","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"κήδονται","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"μάκαρες","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κήδονται","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κήδονται","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἑῆος","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷος","gloss":"noble","note":"ἑῆος is the genitive of ἐΰς, describing the son as noble/good, not as 'your own'."}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b24-l423","source":"καὶ νέκυός περ ἐόντος, ἐπεί σφι φίλος περὶ κῆρι.","translation":"even though he is a corpse, for he is dear to their hearts.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νέκυός","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies υἷος","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to them","note":"σφι is a dative pronoun; possession is not its function here."},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear","note":"φίλος is the predicate adjective; the following dative supplies 'to/in their heart'."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"κῆρι","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in their heart","note":"κῆρι is a singular dative of respect/location, not a plural possessive noun."}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b24-l424","source":"ὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δʼ ὃ γέρων, καὶ ἀμείβετο μύθῳ·","translation":"So he spoke; the old man rejoiced and answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"γήθησεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γήθησεν","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμείβετο","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβετο","gloss":"speech"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b24-l425","source":"ὦ τέκος, ἦ ῥʼ ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἐναίσιμα δῶρα διδοῦναι","translation":"\"My child, it is truly good to give gifts as is right","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l425.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐναίσιμα δῶρα","title":"Gifts given as is right","body":"ἐναίσιμα describes gifts offered in the proper, sanctioned way. Priam understands Hector's preserved body as the gods' return for a lifetime of right sacrifice."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"O","note":"ὦ is the vocative interjection, not a possessive."},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as well"},{"surface":"ἐναίσιμα","lemma":"ἐναίσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"proper","note":"ἐναίσιμα means fitting or proper here, describing the gifts offered to the gods."},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διδοῦναι","gloss":"gifts","note":"δῶρα is simply the accusative plural noun; 'as' is not present in this token."},{"surface":"διδοῦναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to give"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b24-l426","source":"ἀθανάτοις, ἐπεὶ οὔ ποτʼ ἐμὸς πάϊς, εἴ ποτʼ ἔην γε,","translation":"to the immortals, since my son, if ever he truly lived,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτοις","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διδοῦναι","gloss":"to the immortals"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"οὔ is the negator in οὔ ποτ᾽, 'never'; it does not mean 'if somehow'."},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to λήθετ̓","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λήθετ̓","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"truly"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b24-l427","source":"λήθετʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισι θεῶν οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσι·","translation":"never forgot in our halls the gods who hold Olympus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λήθετ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of λήθετ̓","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσι","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἔχουσι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεῶν","gloss":"who hold"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b24-l428","source":"τώ οἱ ἀπεμνήσαντο καὶ ἐν θανάτοιό περ αἴσῃ.","translation":"Therefore they remembered him even in the fate of death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l428.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀπεμνήσαντο","title":"The gods remembered in return","body":"The aorist middle ἀπεμνήσαντο carries a reciprocal shade: the gods remembered Hector in return for his remembrance of them. Priam answers the preceding λήθετο, \"forgot,\" with its opposite."}],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπεμνήσαντο","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀπεμνήσαντο","gloss":"him","note":"οἱ is the dative object of 'remembered'; the preposition 'in' belongs to the later phrase."},{"surface":"ἀπεμνήσαντο","lemma":"ἀπομιμνήσκομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θανάτοιό","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἴσῃ","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αἴσῃ","lemma":"Αἶσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"fate"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b24-l429","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ τόδε δέξαι ἐμεῦ πάρα καλὸν ἄλεισον,","translation":"But come now, accept this handsome cup from me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"ἀλλά supplies the contrast; the following ἄγε supplies 'come'."},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἄλεισον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέξαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πάρα","gloss":"from me"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλεισον","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ἄλεισον","lemma":"ἄλεισον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δέξαι","gloss":"cup"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b24-l430","source":"αὐτόν τε ῥῦσαι, πέμψον δέ με σύν γε θεοῖσιν,","translation":"protect me, and under the gods' favor escort me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥῦσαι","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"protect"},{"surface":"πέμψον","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escort"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμψον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σύν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"γε is an emphatic particle, not a dative phrase meaning 'to me'."},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σύν","gloss":"the gods"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b24-l431","source":"ὄφρά κεν ἐς κλισίην Πηληϊάδεω ἀφίκωμαι.","translation":"until I reach the hut of the son of Peleus.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may","note":"κεν marks the potential/subjunctive force of 'may reach'; it is not an article."},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to","note":"ἐς marks motion toward Achilles' hut, not duration 'until'."},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"Πηληϊάδεω","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"ἀφίκωμαι","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρά","gloss":"I reach"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b24-l432","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·","translation":"Then the guide, the slayer of Argus, said to him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b24-l433","source":"πειρᾷ ἐμεῖο γεραιὲ νεωτέρου, οὐδέ με πείσεις,","translation":"\"You are testing me in my youth, old man, but you will not persuade me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πειρᾷ","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are testing"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πειρᾷ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γεραιὲ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"νεωτέρου","lemma":"νεώτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἐμεῖο","gloss":"younger man","note":"νεωτέρου is a genitive comparative agreeing with ἐμεῖο: 'me, a younger man'."},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πείσεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πείσεις","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"persuade"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b24-l434","source":"ὅς με κέλῃ σέο δῶρα παρὲξ Ἀχιλῆα δέχεσθαι.","translation":"when you bid me take gifts from you behind Achilles' back.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλῃ","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέλῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κέλῃ","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"you bid"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέχεσθαι","gloss":"from you"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέχεσθαι","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"παρὲξ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὲξ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δέχεσθαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κέλῃ","gloss":"accept"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b24-l435","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ δείδοικα καὶ αἰδέομαι περὶ κῆρι","translation":"I fear him and revere him in my heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of συλεύειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δείδοικα","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδέομαι","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I revere","note":"In this context αἰδέομαι means to revere or stand in awe of Achilles."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"deeply","note":"περὶ used adverbially with κῆρι intensifies the feeling in the heart; 'about' is not contextual."},{"surface":"κῆρι","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b24-l436","source":"συλεύειν, μή μοί τι κακὸν μετόπισθε γένηται.","translation":"and shrink from robbing him, lest evil come upon me afterward.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l436.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μή μοί τι κακὸν μετόπισθε γένηται","title":"Fear of a later consequence","body":"μή with the subjunctive γένηται expresses apprehension: Hermes' invented Myrmidon fears that some evil may come upon him later. The grammar helps the god refuse Priam's gift without breaking his disguise."}],"words":[{"surface":"συλεύειν","lemma":"συλεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to rob"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"for me","note":"μοί is dative and marks the person upon whom evil might come, not separation 'from me'."},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"μετόπισθε","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"should come"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b24-l437","source":"σοὶ δʼ ἂν ἐγὼ πομπὸς καί κε κλυτὸν Ἄργος ἱκοίμην,","translation":"But as your escort I would go even as far as glorious Argos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l437.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἂν ἐγὼ πομπὸς καί κε κλυτὸν Ἄργος ἱκοίμην","title":"How far he would escort him","body":"The optative ἱκοίμην with ἄν presents a potential action: Hermes would escort Priam even to distant Argos. The claim magnifies the protection he is offering without saying that such a journey will occur."}],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἱκοίμην","gloss":"for you","note":"σοί is dative with πομπός: Hermes would be an escort for Priam."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκοίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πομπὸς","lemma":"πομπός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"escort"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"κλυτὸν","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργος","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἄργος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκοίμην","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"ἱκοίμην","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I should reach"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b24-l438","source":"ἐνδυκέως ἐν νηῒ θοῇ ἢ πεζὸς ὁμαρτέων·","translation":"attending you carefully in a swift ship or on foot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμαρτέων","gloss":"with utmost care"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πεζὸς","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ὁμαρτέων","lemma":"ὁμαρτέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκοίμην","gloss":"attending you"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b24-l439","source":"οὐκ ἄν τίς τοι πομπὸν ὀνοσσάμενος μαχέσαιτο.","translation":"No one would make light of your escort and fight you.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"οὐκ is the negator; 'no one' arises from οὐκ with τίς."},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would","note":"ἄν is the modal particle and has no second-person meaning."},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχέσαιτο","gloss":"anyone","note":"τίς is indefinite 'anyone'; the preceding negator makes the phrase 'no one'."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μαχέσαιτο","gloss":"for you","note":"τοι is dative and modifies the escort relationship, not an accusative 'you'."},{"surface":"πομπὸν","lemma":"πομπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀνοσσάμενος","gloss":"escort"},{"surface":"ὀνοσσάμενος","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μαχέσαιτο","gloss":"make light of"},{"surface":"μαχέσαιτο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fight"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b24-l440","source":"ἦ καὶ ἀναΐξας ἐριούνιος ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους","translation":"He spoke, and the strong luck-bringer sprang onto the chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξας","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάζετο","gloss":"springing up"},{"surface":"ἐριούνιος","lemma":"ἐριούνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάζετο","gloss":"luck-bringing"},{"surface":"ἅρμα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b24-l441","source":"καρπαλίμως μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία λάζετο χερσίν,","translation":"and swiftly took whip and reins in his hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάζετο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"μάστιγα","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"λάζετο","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λάζετο","gloss":"in his hands"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b24-l442","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔπνευσʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἡμιόνοις μένος ἠΰ.","translation":"and breathed fine strength into the horses and mules.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l442.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐν δʼ ἔπνευσʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἡμιόνοις μένος ἠΰ","title":"Strength breathed into the teams","body":"Hermes literally breathes μένος, vigorous force, into the animals. Divine energy turns Priam's slow and vulnerable convoy into one able to cross the camp swiftly."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπνευσ","lemma":"πνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"breathed"},{"surface":"ἵπποισι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνοις","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔπνευσ̓","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἠΰ","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b24-l443","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πύργους τε νεῶν καὶ τάφρον ἵκοντο,","translation":"But when they reached the towers and trench of the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then","note":"δή marks the temporal transition 'when at last/then', not 'and now'."},{"surface":"πύργους","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"towers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"they reached"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b24-l444","source":"οἳ δὲ νέον περὶ δόρπα φυλακτῆρες πονέοντο,","translation":"the guards were busy just then over their supper.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies φυλακτῆρες","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πονέοντο","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δόρπα","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"suppers"},{"surface":"φυλακτῆρες","lemma":"φυλακτήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πονέοντο","gloss":"the guards"},{"surface":"πονέοντο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"were busy"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b24-l445","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἐφʼ ὕπνον ἔχευε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης","translation":"The guide, the slayer of Argus, poured sleep upon them all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l445.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὕπνον ἔχευε","title":"Pouring out sleep","body":"The Greek treats sleep like a liquid Hermes pours over the guards. His wand's power works across the whole watch at once and opens the guarded camp without a struggle."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχευε","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχευε","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἔχευε","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b24-l446","source":"πᾶσιν, ἄφαρ δʼ ὤϊξε πύλας καὶ ἀπῶσεν ὀχῆας,","translation":"then at once opened the gates and pushed back the bars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤϊξε","lemma":"οἴγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"πύλας","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὤϊξε","gloss":"the gates"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπῶσεν","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pushed back"},{"surface":"ὀχῆας","lemma":"ὀχεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπῶσεν","gloss":"bars"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b24-l447","source":"ἐς δʼ ἄγαγε Πρίαμόν τε καὶ ἀγλαὰ δῶρʼ ἐπʼ ἀπήνης.","translation":"and led in Priam and the splendid gifts upon the wagon.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"Πρίαμόν","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶῤ","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρ","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀπήνης","lemma":"ἀπήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπ̓","gloss":"wagon"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b24-l448","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίην Πηληϊάδεω ἀφίκοντο","translation":"But when they reached the hut of the son of Peleus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφίκοντο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκοντο","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"Πηληϊάδεω","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"ἀφίκοντο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"they reached"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b24-l449","source":"ὑψηλήν, τὴν Μυρμιδόνες ποίησαν ἄνακτι","translation":"the high hut the Myrmidons had built for their lord,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψηλήν","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ποίησαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνες","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ποίησαν","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"ποίησαν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κλισίην","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ποίησαν","gloss":"for their lord","note":"ἄνακτι is dative of advantage, expressing for whom the hut was built."}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b24-l450","source":"δοῦρʼ ἐλάτης κέρσαντες· ἀτὰρ καθύπερθεν ἔρεψαν","translation":"cutting beams of fir; above they had roofed it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δοῦρ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κέρσαντες","gloss":"beams"},{"surface":"ἐλάτης","lemma":"ἐλάτη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δοῦῤ","gloss":"fir","note":"ἐλάτης is genitive singular, 'of fir', not plural trees."},{"surface":"κέρσαντες","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ποίησαν","gloss":"cutting"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καθύπερθεν","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρεψαν","gloss":"above it"},{"surface":"ἔρεψαν","lemma":"ἐρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roofed"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b24-l451","source":"λαχνήεντʼ ὄροφον λειμωνόθεν ἀμήσαντες·","translation":"with shaggy thatch they had mown from the meadow.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαχνήεντ","lemma":"λαχνήεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄροφον","gloss":"shaggy"},{"surface":"ὄροφον","lemma":"ὄροφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμήσαντες","gloss":"roof"},{"surface":"λειμωνόθεν","lemma":"λειμωνόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀμήσαντες","gloss":"from the meadow"},{"surface":"ἀμήσαντες","lemma":"ἀμάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρεψαν","gloss":"having mown"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b24-l452","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ μεγάλην αὐλὴν ποίησαν ἄνακτι","translation":"Around it they made a great courtyard for their lord","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποίησαν","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for him","note":"οἱ is a singular dative pronoun referring to Achilles, not the plural subject 'they'."},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αὐλὴν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"αὐλὴν","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποίησαν","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"ποίησαν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for their lord","note":"ἄνακτι is dative of advantage and completes 'made ... for their lord'."}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b24-l453","source":"σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι· θύρην δʼ ἔχε μοῦνος ἐπιβλὴς","translation":"with stakes set close. A single bar held the gate,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σταυροῖσιν","lemma":"σταυρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ποίησαν","gloss":"posts"},{"surface":"πυκινοῖσι","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σταυροῖσιν","gloss":"tight-packed"},{"surface":"θύρην","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"the gate","note":"θύρην is accusative singular and denotes the gate/door of the enclosure."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"μοῦνος","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιβλὴς","gloss":"single","note":"μοῦνος modifies the single door-bar; it does not adverbially mean 'alone'."},{"surface":"ἐπιβλὴς","lemma":"ἐπιβλής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"door-bar"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b24-l454","source":"εἰλάτινος, τὸν τρεῖς μὲν ἐπιρρήσσεσκον Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"a beam of fir that three Achaeans used to drive home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l454.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐπιρρήσσεσκον","title":"The habitual work of three men","body":"The iterative imperfect says that three Achaeans would regularly ram the great fir bar into place. The repeated labor prepares the contrast with Achilles, who handles it alone."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰλάτινος","lemma":"ἐλάτινος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιβλὴς","gloss":"of fir"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιρρήσσεσκον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπιρρήσσεσκον","lemma":"ἐπιρράσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"drove home"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπιρρήσσεσκον","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b24-l455","source":"τρεῖς δʼ ἀναοίγεσκον μεγάλην κληῗδα θυράων","translation":"and three would draw back the great bolt of the doors","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject of ἀναοίγεσκον","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναοίγεσκον","lemma":"ἀνοίγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"would draw back"},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κληῗδα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κληῗδα","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"bolt"},{"surface":"θυράων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies κληῗδα","gloss":"doors"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b24-l456","source":"τῶν ἄλλων· Ἀχιλεὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπιρρήσσεσκε καὶ οἶος·","translation":"among all the rest; but Achilles would drive it home alone.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρεῖς","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιρρήσσεσκε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"ἐπιρρήσσεσκε","lemma":"ἐπιρράσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove home"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b24-l457","source":"δή ῥα τόθʼ Ἑρμείας ἐριούνιος ᾦξε γέροντι,","translation":"Then Hermes, the strong luck-bringer, opened it for the old man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τόθ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾦξε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾦξε","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"ἐριούνιος","lemma":"ἐριούνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑρμείας","gloss":"luck-bringing"},{"surface":"ᾦξε","lemma":"οἴγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"γέροντι","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ᾦξε","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b24-l458","source":"ἐς δʼ ἄγαγε κλυτὰ δῶρα ποδώκεϊ Πηλεΐωνι,","translation":"and brought the glorious gifts inside for the swift-footed son of Peleus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"inside","note":"ἐς marks motion into the enclosure; it does not mean 'for'."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγαγε","gloss":"the gifts"},{"surface":"ποδώκεϊ","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνι","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνι","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγαγε","gloss":"Peleus' son"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b24-l459","source":"ἐξ ἵππων δʼ ἀπέβαινεν ἐπὶ χθόνα φώνησέν τε·","translation":"He stepped from the chariot to the ground and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot","note":"ἐξ ἵππων is contextually 'from the chariot/team', not a second gloss of the preposition 'from'."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπέβαινεν","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"χθόνα","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"φώνησεν is the verb 'spoke'; the following τε supplies 'and'."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b24-l460","source":"ὦ γέρον ἤτοι ἐγὼ θεὸς ἄμβροτος εἰλήλουθα","translation":"\"Old man, I am an immortal god who has come to you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰλήλουθα","gloss":"I","note":"Correct the first-person pronoun's capitalization."},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἄμβροτος","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have come"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b24-l461","source":"Ἑρμείας· σοὶ γάρ με πατὴρ ἅμα πομπὸν ὄπασσεν.","translation":"Hermes; my father sent me to attend you as escort.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄπασσεν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for","note":"γάρ is the explanatory particle 'for', not 'to you'."},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄπασσεν","gloss":"me","note":"με is accusative, the object of 'sent', not dative 'to me'."},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄπασσεν","gloss":"my father"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄπασσεν","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"πομπὸν","lemma":"πομπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"escort"},{"surface":"ὄπασσεν","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b24-l462","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ πάλιν εἴσομαι, οὐδʼ Ἀχιλῆος","translation":"But now I shall go back and will not come","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"ἀλλά supplies only the contrast; no imperative 'come' occurs here."},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"ἤτοι is an asseverative/correlative particle here, not temporal 'now'."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of εἴσομαι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"εἴσομαι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will go"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμοὺς","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b24-l463","source":"ὀφθαλμοὺς εἴσειμι· νεμεσσητὸν δέ κεν εἴη","translation":"before Achilles' eyes, for it would invite reproach","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l463.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νεμεσσητὸν","title":"Cause for divine reproach","body":"νεμεσσητόν marks an act that would properly draw indignation or blame. Hermes may guide Priam unseen, but open divine intimacy before Achilles would violate the expected distance between god and mortal."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοὺς","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσειμι","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"εἴσειμι","lemma":"εἴσειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go before"},{"surface":"νεμεσσητὸν","lemma":"νεμεσητός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"cause for blame"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b24-l464","source":"ἀθάνατον θεὸν ὧδε βροτοὺς ἀγαπαζέμεν ἄντην·","translation":"for an immortal god to cherish mortals so openly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατον","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγαπαζέμεν","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγαπαζέμεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"βροτοὺς","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγαπαζέμεν","gloss":"mortals","note":"βροτούς is the accusative object of 'cherish'; 'for' is not part of this token."},{"surface":"ἀγαπαζέμεν","lemma":"ἀγαπάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"welcome warmly"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγαπαζέμεν","gloss":"face to face"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b24-l465","source":"τύνη δʼ εἰσελθὼν λαβὲ γούνατα Πηλεΐωνος,","translation":"Go in yourself and clasp the son of Peleus by the knees,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύνη","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λαβὲ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰσελθὼν","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λαβὲ","gloss":"entering"},{"surface":"λαβὲ","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasp"},{"surface":"γούνατα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λαβὲ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γούνατα","gloss":"of Peleus’ son","note":"Πηλεΐωνος denotes Achilles, the son of Peleus, whose knees Priam must clasp."}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b24-l466","source":"καί μιν ὑπὲρ πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος ἠϋκόμοιο","translation":"and beseech him by his father and his lovely-haired mother","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίσσεο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητέρος","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἠϋκόμοιο","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητέρος","gloss":"lovely-haired"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b24-l467","source":"λίσσεο καὶ τέκεος, ἵνα οἱ σὺν θυμὸν ὀρίνῃς.","translation":"and by his son, so that you may stir his heart within him.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίσσεο","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beseech him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέκεος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"son","note":"τέκεος refers contextually to Achilles' son, not an unspecified child."},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀρίνῃς","gloss":"in him","note":"οἱ is the dative referring to Achilles: stir the heart in him."},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within","note":"σύν contributes the internal sense in the phrase 'stir his heart within'."},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρίνῃς","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ὀρίνῃς","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"stir"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b24-l468","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη πρὸς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον","translation":"So he spoke and departed for high Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"high","note":"μακρόν is the conventional contextual epithet of Olympus here, 'high'."},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b24-l469","source":"Ἑρμείας· Πρίαμος δʼ ἐξ ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε,","translation":"Hermes; Priam leapt from the chariot to the ground","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέβη","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἆλτο","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot","note":"ἐξ ἵππων contextually means from the chariot/team rather than repeating 'from'."},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἆλτο","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b24-l470","source":"Ἰδαῖον δὲ κατʼ αὖθι λίπεν· ὃ δὲ μίμνεν ἐρύκων","translation":"and left Idaeus there; he remained behind to hold","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδαῖον","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λίπεν","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"behind","note":"κατ᾽ with αὖθι contributes the sense 'there behind', not a duplicate 'there'."},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λίπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he left"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μίμνεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μίμνεν","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained","note":"μίμνεν is imperfect and describes Idaeus remaining behind."},{"surface":"ἐρύκων","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μίμνεν","gloss":"to hold"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b24-l471","source":"ἵππους ἡμιόνους τε· γέρων δʼ ἰθὺς κίεν οἴκου,","translation":"the horses and mules, while the old man went straight toward the house","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνους","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κίεν","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"straight toward"},{"surface":"κίεν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"οἴκου","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κίεν","gloss":"the house"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b24-l472","source":"τῇ ῥʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ἵζεσκε Διῒ φίλος· ἐν δέ μιν αὐτὸν","translation":"where Achilles, dear to Zeus, used to sit. Inside he found him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l472.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Διῒ φίλος","title":"Achilles, dear to Zeus","body":"Διῒ φίλος marks Achilles as dear to Zeus. The epithet does not soften his danger to Priam; it places their human meeting within the favor and command of the god who arranged it."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵζεσκε","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵζεσκε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἵζεσκε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἴκου","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φίλος","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλεὺς","gloss":"dear to"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"inside","note":"ἐν is adverbial here: Priam found Achilles inside."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὗῤ","gloss":"him","note":"μιν is accusative, the object of 'found'."},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b24-l473","source":"εὗρʼ, ἕταροι δʼ ἀπάνευθε καθήατο· τὼ δὲ δύʼ οἴω","translation":"himself, while his companions sat apart. Only two","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρ","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ἕταροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καθήατο","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθήατο","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"καθήατο","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sat"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine article","role":"modifies δύ̓","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"οἴω","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b24-l474","source":"ἥρως Αὐτομέδων τε καὶ Ἄλκιμος ὄζος Ἄρηος","translation":"the hero Automedon and Alcimus, scion of Ares,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l474.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἄλκιμος ὄζος Ἄρηος","title":"Alcimus, scion of Ares","body":"ὄζος Ἄρηος, literally a shoot or branch of Ares, is a martial epithet rather than a claim that Alcimus is the god's son. It presents the attendant as vigorous in war."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αὐτομέδων","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄλκιμος","lemma":"Ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Alcimus"},{"surface":"ὄζος","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"scion"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄζος","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b24-l475","source":"ποίπνυον παρεόντε· νέον δʼ ἀπέληγεν ἐδωδῆς","translation":"were near and busy attending him. He had only just stopped eating,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποίπνυον","lemma":"ποιπνύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were busy"},{"surface":"παρεόντε","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ποίπνυον","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπέληγεν","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπέληγεν","lemma":"ἀπολήγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"ἐδωδῆς","lemma":"ἐδωδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔσθων","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b24-l476","source":"ἔσθων καὶ πίνων· ἔτι καὶ παρέκειτο τράπεζα.","translation":"having eaten and drunk, and the table still stood beside him.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσθων","lemma":"ἔσθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"eating"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίνων","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"drinking","note":"πίνων is a present participle parallel to 'eating', not a perfect 'having drunk'."},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέκειτο","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρέκειτο","lemma":"παράκειμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay beside"},{"surface":"τράπεζα","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρέκειτο","gloss":"the table"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b24-l477","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἔλαθʼ εἰσελθὼν Πρίαμος μέγας, ἄγχι δʼ ἄρα στὰς","translation":"Great Priam entered unseen by them, came close,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλαθ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλαθ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"unnoticed"},{"surface":"εἰσελθὼν","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλαθ̓","gloss":"entering"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαθ̓","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στὰς","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"standing"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b24-l478","source":"χερσὶν Ἀχιλλῆος λάβε γούνατα καὶ κύσε χεῖρας","translation":"clasped Achilles' knees in his hands, and kissed those hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"in his hands"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γούνατα","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasped"},{"surface":"γούνατα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"his knees"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύσε","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he kissed"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κύσε","gloss":"his hands"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b24-l479","source":"δεινὰς ἀνδροφόνους, αἵ οἱ πολέας κτάνον υἷας.","translation":"terrible and man-killing, which had slain so many of his sons.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὰς","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνους","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"man-killing"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κτάνον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κτάνον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"κτάνον","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χεῖρας","gloss":"had slain"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κτάνον","gloss":"sons"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b24-l480","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἄνδρʼ ἄτη πυκινὴ λάβῃ, ὅς τʼ ἐνὶ πάτρῃ","translation":"As when strong delusion seizes a man who in his own country","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may","note":"ἄν gives the indefinite/subjunctive force 'when ... may seize', not 'as long as'."},{"surface":"ἄνδρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάβῃ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἄτη","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λάβῃ","gloss":"delusion","note":"ἄτη is the common noun 'delusion/ruin' here, not a named personification."},{"surface":"πυκινὴ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄτη","gloss":"overwhelming","note":"πυκινή describes the delusion as strong or overwhelming in context, not physically close-packed."},{"surface":"λάβῃ","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"seizes","note":"λάβῃ is the finite third-person subjunctive in the simile."},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξίκετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πάτρῃ","lemma":"πάτρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"homeland"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b24-l481","source":"φῶτα κατακτείνας ἄλλων ἐξίκετο δῆμον","translation":"has killed another and comes to the land of other people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῶτα","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατακτείνας","gloss":"a man","note":"φῶτα is indefinite here: the exile has killed a man in his homeland."},{"surface":"κατακτείνας","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξίκετο","gloss":"having slain"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"of others","note":"ἄλλων is genitive plural and describes the foreign community of other people."},{"surface":"ἐξίκετο","lemma":"ἐξικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄνδῤ","gloss":"came to","note":"ἐξίκετο expresses arriving at the foreign land in this simile."},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"land","note":"δῆμον is the destination/community or land, not the people as direct object."}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b24-l482","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἐς ἀφνειοῦ, θάμβος δʼ ἔχει εἰσορόωντας,","translation":"to the house of a wealthy man, and wonder takes all who look on,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀφνειοῦ","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"wealthy"},{"surface":"θάμβος","lemma":"θάμβος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"awe"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"seizes","note":"ἔχει has the idiomatic sense 'awe seizes the onlookers'."},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντας","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"the onlookers"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b24-l483","source":"ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβησεν ἰδὼν Πρίαμον θεοειδέα·","translation":"so Achilles marveled when he saw godlike Priam.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θάμβησεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θάμβησεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"θάμβησεν","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was amazed"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θάμβησεν","gloss":"when he saw"},{"surface":"Πρίαμον","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θεοειδέα","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρίαμον","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b24-l484","source":"θάμβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι, ἐς ἀλλήλους δὲ ἴδοντο.","translation":"The others marveled too and looked at one another.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάμβησαν","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood stunned"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of θάμβησαν","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδοντο","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"looked","note":"The middle ἴδοντο with ἐς ἀλλήλους means they looked at one another."}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b24-l485","source":"τὸν καὶ λισσόμενος Πρίαμος πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·","translation":"Then Priam, beseeching him, spoke these words:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λισσόμενος","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λισσόμενος","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπε","gloss":"imploring"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to","note":"πρός introduces the speech addressed to Achilles, not 'in'."},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"words","note":"μῦθον is 'speech/words'; the demonstrative 'these' is not in this token."},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b24-l486","source":"μνῆσαι πατρὸς σοῖο θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ,","translation":"\"Remember your own father, Achilles, like to the gods,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l486.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μνῆσαι","title":"Remember your father","body":"The aorist middle imperative μνῆσαι makes remembrance Priam's first direct command. Before he names Hector, he asks Achilles to bring Peleus fully to mind."}],"words":[{"surface":"μνῆσαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνῆσαι","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"σοῖο","lemma":"σός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιείκελ̓","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"ἐπιείκελ","lemma":"ἐπιείκελος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεῦ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b24-l487","source":"τηλίκου ὥς περ ἐγών, ὀλοῷ ἐπὶ γήραος οὐδῷ·","translation":"as old as I am, upon the ruinous threshold of old age.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l487.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀλοῷ ἐπὶ γήραος οὐδῷ","title":"The threshold of old age","body":"οὐδός is a literal threshold, here making old age a boundary on which Peleus and Priam stand. ὀλοός adds the destructive force of the condition they share."}],"words":[{"surface":"τηλίκου","lemma":"τηλίκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"so old"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"περ emphasizes the comparison 'just/as indeed', rather than introducing a concession."},{"surface":"ἐγών","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ὀλοῷ","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐδῷ","gloss":"destructive"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γήραος","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies οὐδῷ","gloss":"of old age"},{"surface":"οὐδῷ","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐπὶ","gloss":"threshold"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b24-l488","source":"καὶ μέν που κεῖνον περιναιέται ἀμφὶς ἐόντες","translation":"Perhaps the people dwelling around him","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of τείρουσ̓","gloss":"him","note":"κεῖνον is accusative singular, the person whom the neighbors oppress."},{"surface":"περιναιέται","lemma":"περιναιέτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τείρουσ̓","gloss":"neighbors"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies περιναιέται","gloss":"being","note":"ἐόντες is the participle of εἰμί; the idea of dwelling around is already in περιναιέται."}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b24-l489","source":"τείρουσʼ, οὐδέ τίς ἐστιν ἀρὴν καὶ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι.","translation":"are wearing him down, and there is no one to ward off harm and ruin.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τείρουσ","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wear down"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀρὴν","lemma":"ἀρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"destruction"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀμῦναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"to ward off"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b24-l490","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι κεῖνός γε σέθεν ζώοντος ἀκούων","translation":"Yet he, when he hears that you are alive,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεῖνός","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of χαίρει","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"γε is emphatic and does not mean 'that deed'."},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκούων","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ζώοντος","lemma":"ζῶ","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"living","note":"ζώοντος is a genitive participle agreeing with 'you'."},{"surface":"ἀκούων","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαίρει","gloss":"when he hears"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b24-l491","source":"χαίρει τʼ ἐν θυμῷ, ἐπί τʼ ἔλπεται ἤματα πάντα","translation":"rejoices in his heart and hopes through all his days","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαίρει","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoices"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"ἐπί","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for the future","note":"ἐπί with 'hopes' points forward in time; it is not simply 'to'."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλπεται","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hopes"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλπεται","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b24-l492","source":"ὄψεσθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἀπὸ Τροίηθεν ἰόντα·","translation":"to see his dear son returning home from Troy.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψεσθαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπεται","gloss":"to see","note":"ὄψεσθαι is a future infinitive governed by 'hopes'."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄψεσθαι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τροίηθεν","lemma":"Τροίαθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντα","gloss":"from Troy"},{"surface":"ἰόντα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b24-l493","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ πανάποτμος, ἐπεὶ τέκον υἷας ἀρίστους","translation":"But I am utterly ill-fated, for I fathered the best of sons","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l493.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πανάποτμος","title":"Utterly without fortune","body":"πανάποτμος intensifies ἄποτμος, one deprived of a favorable lot or destiny. Priam defines himself by the total collapse of the fortune once embodied in his sons."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πανάποτμος","lemma":"πανάποτμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"utterly ill-fated"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τέκον","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"fathered"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τέκον","gloss":"the sons"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b24-l494","source":"Τροίῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ, τῶν δʼ οὔ τινά φημι λελεῖφθαι.","translation":"in broad Troy, and I say that none of them is left.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in","note":"ἐν governs Troy and cannot mean 'in them'."},{"surface":"εὐρείῃ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίῃ","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τινά","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"οὔ is the negator; it combines with τινά to mean 'no one'."},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λελεῖφθαι","gloss":"anyone","note":"τινά is indefinite 'anyone' under the preceding negation."},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"λελεῖφθαι","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"to be left","note":"λελεῖφθαι is a perfect infinitive governed by φημί."}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b24-l495","source":"πεντήκοντά μοι ἦσαν ὅτʼ ἤλυθον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"I had fifty when the sons of the Achaeans came;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεντήκοντά","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"to me","note":"μοι is dative of possession: fifty sons were 'to me'."},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were","note":"ἦσαν is the copula; possession is supplied by the dative μοι."},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθον","gloss":"the sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b24-l496","source":"ἐννεακαίδεκα μέν μοι ἰῆς ἐκ νηδύος ἦσαν,","translation":"nineteen of them were born to me from a single womb,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννεακαίδεκα","lemma":"ἐννεακαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"nineteen"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἰῆς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηδύος","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηδύος","lemma":"νηδύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"womb","note":"νηδύος is the genitive noun governed by ἐκ; 'of' should not be duplicated in its gloss."},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b24-l497","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους μοι ἔτικτον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι γυναῖκες.","translation":"and other women bore the rest to me in my halls.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔτικτον","gloss":"others","note":"ἄλλους is accusative plural and, with the article, means 'the others'."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔτικτον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔτικτον","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore","note":"ἔτικτον supplies the verb; the recipient 'to me' is separately expressed by μοι."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls","note":"μεγάροισι has no possessive adjective; 'my' is contextual but not part of this token."},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔτικτον","gloss":"the women"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b24-l498","source":"τῶν μὲν πολλῶν θοῦρος Ἄρης ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν·","translation":"Furious Ares has loosened the knees of most of them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l498.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν","title":"Ares loosened their knees","body":"To loosen a warrior's knees is a Homeric image for killing him as bodily strength gives way. Priam makes furious Ares the personified force of battle that destroyed his sons."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies πολλῶν","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies γούνατ̓","gloss":"of many"},{"surface":"θοῦρος","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλυσεν","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσεν","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔλυσεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosened"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b24-l499","source":"ὃς δέ μοι οἶος ἔην, εἴρυτο δὲ ἄστυ καὶ αὐτούς,","translation":"The one who alone remained to me, who guarded the city and its people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"was","note":"ἔην is the finite imperfect of εἰμί, not an infinitive."},{"surface":"εἴρυτο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"guarded"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b24-l500","source":"τὸν σὺ πρῴην κτεῖνας ἀμυνόμενον περὶ πάτρης","translation":"you killed only lately while he fought for his country,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κτεῖνας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πρῴην","lemma":"πρώην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτεῖνας","gloss":"recently"},{"surface":"κτεῖνας","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you slew"},{"surface":"ἀμυνόμενον","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"defending","note":"ἀμυνόμενον describes Hector defending his country, not acting in his own defense."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"his country"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b24-l501","source":"Ἕκτορα· τοῦ νῦν εἵνεχʼ ἱκάνω νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"Hector. For his sake I now come to the ships of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεχ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνω","gloss":"now","note":"νῦν is the temporal adverb; 'for' belongs to the following εἵνεκα construction."},{"surface":"εἵνεχ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"ἱκάνω","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have come"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκάνω","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b24-l502","source":"λυσόμενος παρὰ σεῖο, φέρω δʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα.","translation":"to ransom him from you, and I bring a boundless ransom.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λυσόμενος","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνω","gloss":"to free"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φέρω","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bring"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπερείσι","lemma":"ἀπερείσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρω","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b24-l503","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰδεῖο θεοὺς Ἀχιλεῦ, αὐτόν τʼ ἐλέησον","translation":"But revere the gods, Achilles, and pity me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l503.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀλλʼ αἰδεῖο θεοὺς Ἀχιλεῦ, αὐτόν τʼ ἐλέησον","title":"Reverence and pity","body":"Priam joins a present imperative, αἰδεῖο, with the aorist imperative ἐλέησον: Achilles is to maintain reverence for the gods and perform the decisive act of pitying Priam. Divine obligation and human compassion reinforce each other."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰδεῖο","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"respect"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of αἰδεῖο","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐλέησον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλέησον","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pity"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b24-l504","source":"μνησάμενος σοῦ πατρός· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐλεεινότερός περ,","translation":"as you remember your father. I am more pitiable still,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνησάμενος","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλέησον","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"σοῦ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρός","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πατρός","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνησάμενος","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλεεινότερός","lemma":"ἐλεεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more pitiable","note":"ἐλεεινότερός is comparative, not positive."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still","note":"περ emphasizes that Priam is still/more pitiable, not a concessive 'though'."}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b24-l505","source":"ἔτλην δʼ οἷʼ οὔ πώ τις ἐπιχθόνιος βροτὸς ἄλλος,","translation":"and I have endured what no other mortal on earth has ever done:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l505.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔτλην","title":"I endured","body":"The aorist ἔτλην comes from the verb of daring or enduring what is terrible. Priam's claim turns on the single completed act he is about to name."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔτλην","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I endured","note":"In context ἔτλην means that Priam endured doing what no other mortal had."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ever yet"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βροτὸς","gloss":"anyone","note":"τις is the indefinite pronoun; ἄλλος separately supplies 'other'."},{"surface":"ἐπιχθόνιος","lemma":"ἐπιχθόνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτὸς","gloss":"born upon the earth"},{"surface":"βροτὸς","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτὸς","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b24-l506","source":"ἀνδρὸς παιδοφόνοιο ποτὶ στόμα χεῖρʼ ὀρέγεσθαι.","translation":"I brought to my lips the hand of the man who killed my son.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στόμα","gloss":"of the man"},{"surface":"παιδοφόνοιο","lemma":"παιδοφόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"child-slaying"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"my mouth"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀρέγεσθαι","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ὀρέγεσθαι","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to reach","note":"ὀρέγεσθαι is a present infinitive, 'to reach/extend'; it is not the finite 'I brought'."}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b24-l507","source":"ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα πατρὸς ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο·","translation":"So he spoke, and stirred in Achilles a yearning to weep for his father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l507.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πατρὸς ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο","title":"A yearning for lament","body":"ἵμερος is an intense longing, here directed toward lament for Achilles' father. Priam moves Achilles by making the distant Peleus emotionally present."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὦρσε","gloss":"in him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"ἄρα marks the narrative consequence, not 'so'."},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γόοιο","gloss":"for his father","note":"πατρός specifies the person for whom Achilles longs to lament, not 'a father'."},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in","note":"ὑπό belongs to the tmetic verbal expression of arousing longing in Achilles; 'beneath' is not contextual."},{"surface":"ἵμερον","lemma":"ἵμερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵμερον","gloss":"for weeping","note":"γόοιο is the genitive complement of 'longing', not a second verb 'stirred'."}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b24-l508","source":"ἁψάμενος δʼ ἄρα χειρὸς ἀπώσατο ἦκα γέροντα.","translation":"Taking the old man's hand, he gently pushed him away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁψάμενος","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπώσατο","gloss":"taking hold"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἁψάμενος","gloss":"the hand"},{"surface":"ἀπώσατο","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pushed away","note":"ἀπώσατο is the finite aorist describing Achilles' gentle action."},{"surface":"ἦκα","lemma":"ἦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπώσατο","gloss":"gently"},{"surface":"γέροντα","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώσατο","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b24-l509","source":"τὼ δὲ μνησαμένω ὃ μὲν Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο","translation":"The two remembered: Priam remembered man-slaying Hector","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l509.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ δὲ μνησαμένω","title":"The two remembering","body":"Both τώ and the participle μνησαμένω are dual. The grammar holds Priam and Achilles together in one act of remembering even though each mourns a different beloved person."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μνησαμένω","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνησαμένω","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to αὐτὰρ","gloss":"remembering","note":"μνησαμένω is a nominative dual participle, not passive 'reminded'."},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κλαῖ̓","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλαῖ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνοιο","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"man-slaying"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b24-l510","source":"κλαῖʼ ἁδινὰ προπάροιθε ποδῶν Ἀχιλῆος ἐλυσθείς,","translation":"and wept bitterly, curled before Achilles' feet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖ","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"ἁδινὰ","lemma":"ἁδινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κλαῖ̓","gloss":"bitterly","note":"ἁδινὰ functions adverbially with 'wept', describing intense or bitter weeping."},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποδῶν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἐλυσθείς","lemma":"ἐλύω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κλαῖ̓","gloss":"curled up"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b24-l511","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς κλαῖεν ἑὸν πατέρʼ, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε","translation":"while Achilles wept for his own father, and then again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and then"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κλαῖεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"κλαῖεν","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέῤ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κλαῖεν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b24-l512","source":"Πάτροκλον· τῶν δὲ στοναχὴ κατὰ δώματʼ ὀρώρει.","translation":"for Patroclus; and their groaning rose throughout the house.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies στοναχὴ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, for"},{"surface":"στοναχὴ","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b24-l513","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥα γόοιο τετάρπετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"But when godlike Achilles had taken his fill of lament,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l513.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γόοιο τετάρπετο","title":"Taking one's fill of grief","body":"The reduplicated aorist τετάρπετο presents Achilles as having completed his taking-fill of lament. Grief is treated as an appetite that receives its due measure before action resumes."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"αὐτάρ supplies the contrast; ἐπεί separately supplies 'when'."},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"ῥα is a narrative particle, not a possessive."},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τετάρπετο","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"τετάρπετο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"had taken his fill","note":"With the genitive of lament, τετάρπετο means Achilles had satisfied his desire for weeping."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τετάρπετο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b24-l514","source":"καί οἱ ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἦλθʼ ἵμερος ἠδʼ ἀπὸ γυίων,","translation":"and the longing had gone from his heart and limbs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦλθ̓","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πραπίδων","lemma":"πραπίδες","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἦλθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"went","note":"ἦλθ᾽ is the finite aorist 'went'; the repeated ἀπό phrases mark what the longing left."},{"surface":"ἵμερος","lemma":"ἵμερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθ̓","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γυίων","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"limbs","note":"γυίων contains no possessive; the dative pronoun earlier identifies whose limbs."}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b24-l515","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἀπὸ θρόνου ὦρτο, γέροντα δὲ χειρὸς ἀνίστη","translation":"at once he rose from his chair and raised the old man by the hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θρόνου","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"his throne"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"γέροντα","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνίστη","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνίστη","gloss":"by the hand"},{"surface":"ἀνίστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised him"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b24-l516","source":"οἰκτίρων πολιόν τε κάρη πολιόν τε γένειον,","translation":"pitying his gray head and gray beard,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰκτίρων","lemma":"οἰκτείρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνίστη","gloss":"pitying","note":"οἰκτίρων is a present participle, not a finite past verb."},{"surface":"πολιόν","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάρη","gloss":"grey"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"πολιόν","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γένειον","gloss":"grey"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γένειον","lemma":"γένειον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"beard"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b24-l517","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to him, he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him","note":"μιν is accusative, not a dative phrase 'to him'."},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words","note":"ἔπεα means 'words'; πτερόεντα separately supplies 'winged'."},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed him"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b24-l518","source":"ἆ δείλʼ, ἦ δὴ πολλὰ κάκʼ ἄνσχεο σὸν κατὰ θυμόν.","translation":"\"Ah, unhappy man, you have endured many evils in your heart.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"δείλ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"poor wretch"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly","note":"ἦ is an asseverative adverb here, not a second exclamation 'ah'."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάκ̓","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἄνσχεο","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἄνσχεο","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you endured"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart","note":"θυμόν is the noun; κατά separately supplies the prepositional sense 'in'."}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b24-l519","source":"πῶς ἔτλης ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἐλθέμεν οἶος","translation":"How did you dare to come alone to the ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτλης","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἔτλης","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you dared"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλης","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b24-l520","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἐς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὅς τοι πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς","translation":"before the eyes of the man who has killed so many","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμοὺς","gloss":"of the man"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before","note":"ἐς ὀφθαλμούς idiomatically means 'before the eyes of', not 'as'."},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοὺς","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξενάριξα","gloss":"the man who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξα","gloss":"of yours","note":"τοι is the dative ethical/possessive pronoun referring to Priam's sons, not 'in your eyes'."},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὺς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"brave"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b24-l521","source":"υἱέας ἐξενάριξα; σιδήρειόν νύ τοι ἦτορ.","translation":"of your noble sons? Your heart must be iron.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l521.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σιδήρειόν νύ τοι ἦτορ","title":"A heart of iron","body":"Achilles calls Priam's heart iron because it has borne both immense loss and the journey into his enemy's presence. The metal image expresses endurance rather than lack of feeling."}],"words":[{"surface":"υἱέας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξα","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξα","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"I slew","note":"ἐξενάριξα contextually means Achilles killed Priam's sons, not merely stripped armor."},{"surface":"σιδήρειόν","lemma":"σιδήρεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely","note":"νύ is an emphatic particle here; 'must' is an inference of the full clause."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b24-l522","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζευ ἐπὶ θρόνου, ἄλγεα δʼ ἔμπης","translation":"But come, sit down upon this chair, and let us allow our sorrows","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"ἀλλά supplies the contrast; ἄγε separately supplies 'come'."},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now","note":"δή is an emphatic/temporal particle here, not the conjunction 'and'."},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζευ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"θρόνου","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"chair","note":"θρόνου refers contextually to the chair on which Priam is invited to sit."},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κατακεῖσθαι","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nevertheless","note":"ἔμπης is concessive 'nevertheless/despite all', not merely temporal 'still'."}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b24-l523","source":"ἐν θυμῷ κατακεῖσθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ·","translation":"to lie quiet in our hearts, though we are grieving.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"κατακεῖσθαι","lemma":"κατακείω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"to lie down"},{"surface":"ἐάσομεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us allow","note":"ἐάσομεν is a first-person plural hortatory subjunctive in context."},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοί","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐάσομεν","gloss":"grieving","note":"ἀχνύμενοι is the participle; περ separately supplies the concessive force 'though'."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b24-l524","source":"οὐ γάρ τις πρῆξις πέλεται κρυεροῖο γόοιο·","translation":"For nothing is gained from chilling lament.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"οὐ negates the existential phrase; 'nothing' results only when combined with τις."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies πρῆξις","gloss":"any","note":"τις is the indefinite modifier 'any', under the preceding negation."},{"surface":"πρῆξις","lemma":"πρᾶξις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέλεται","gloss":"gain"},{"surface":"πέλεται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"κρυεροῖο","lemma":"κρυερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόοιο","gloss":"chilling"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πρῆξις","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b24-l525","source":"ὡς γὰρ ἐπεκλώσαντο θεοὶ δειλοῖσι βροτοῖσι","translation":"The gods have spun this fate for wretched mortals:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεκλώσαντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπεκλώσαντο","lemma":"ἐπικλώθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spun out"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεκλώσαντο","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"δειλοῖσι","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτοῖσι","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσι","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεκλώσαντο","gloss":"mortals"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b24-l526","source":"ζώειν ἀχνυμένοις· αὐτοὶ δέ τʼ ἀκηδέες εἰσί.","translation":"to live in grief, while they themselves are free from care.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζώειν","lemma":"ζῶ","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπεκλώσαντο","gloss":"to live","note":"ζώειν is a present infinitive governed by what the gods ordained."},{"surface":"ἀχνυμένοις","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ζώειν","gloss":"grief-stricken"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκηδέες","lemma":"ἀκηδής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"without care"},{"surface":"εἰσί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b24-l527","source":"δοιοὶ γάρ τε πίθοι κατακείαται ἐν Διὸς οὔδει","translation":"For two jars stand upon the floor of Zeus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δοιοὶ","lemma":"δοιοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πίθοι","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πίθοι","lemma":"πίθος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"jars"},{"surface":"κατακείαται","lemma":"κατακείω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οὔδει","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"οὔδει","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"floor"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b24-l528","source":"δώρων οἷα δίδωσι κακῶν, ἕτερος δὲ ἑάων·","translation":"filled with the gifts he gives: one of evils, the other of blessings.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώρων","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies πίθοι","gloss":"of gifts","note":"δώρων is genitive plural; there is no definite article in this token."},{"surface":"οἷα","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δίδωσι","gloss":"such as","note":"οἷα introduces the kinds of gifts Zeus gives, not interrogative 'what'."},{"surface":"δίδωσι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δώρων","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"κακῶν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"of evils"},{"surface":"ἕτερος","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑάων","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕτερος","gloss":"of blessings"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b24-l529","source":"ᾧ μέν κʼ ἀμμίξας δώῃ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος,","translation":"The man to whom Zeus, who delights in thunder, gives a mixture","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may","note":"κ᾽ is the modal particle governing the subjunctive, not an article."},{"surface":"ἀμμίξας","lemma":"ἀναμίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δώῃ","gloss":"mixing"},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅ","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δώῃ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τερπικέραυνος","lemma":"τερπικέραυνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"who delights in thunder"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b24-l530","source":"ἄλλοτε μέν τε κακῷ ὅ γε κύρεται, ἄλλοτε δʼ ἐσθλῷ·","translation":"meets now with evil and now with good.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κύρεται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακῷ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of κύρεται","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κύρεται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κύρεται","lemma":"κυρέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"meets"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλῷ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b24-l531","source":"ᾧ δέ κε τῶν λυγρῶν δώῃ, λωβητὸν ἔθηκε,","translation":"But the man to whom he gives only sorrows he makes despised,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"he may"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter article","role":"modifies λυγρῶν","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"λυγρῶν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"sorrows","note":"λυγρῶν is substantival with the article, 'of sorrows/woes', not an unattached adjective."},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"λωβητὸν","lemma":"λωβητός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of ἔθηκε","gloss":"despised"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made","note":"ἔθηκε means Zeus made the recipient despised/outcast in this construction, not literally 'laid'."}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b24-l532","source":"καί ἑ κακὴ βούβρωστις ἐπὶ χθόνα δῖαν ἐλαύνει,","translation":"and evil ravening hunger drives him over the shining earth;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l532.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κακὴ βούβρωστις","title":"Ravening hunger","body":"βούβρωστις is an extreme, consuming hunger, intensified here by κακή. In Achilles' image the man given only evil wanders under a hunger that drives him across the earth."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλαύνει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κακὴ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βούβρωστις","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"βούβρωστις","lemma":"βούβρωστις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐλαύνει","gloss":"ravenous hunger"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"χθόνα","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθόνα","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνει","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b24-l533","source":"φοιτᾷ δʼ οὔτε θεοῖσι τετιμένος οὔτε βροτοῖσιν.","translation":"he wanders honored neither by gods nor mortals.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φοιτᾷ","lemma":"φοιτάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he wanders"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"τετιμένος","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φοιτᾷ","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσιν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"mortals"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b24-l534","source":"ὣς μὲν καὶ Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα","translation":"So too the gods gave Peleus splendid gifts","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δόσαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Πηλῆϊ","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"the gifts"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b24-l535","source":"ἐκ γενετῆς· πάντας γὰρ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους ἐκέκαστο","translation":"from his birth, for he surpassed all men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γενετῆς","lemma":"γενετή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"birth"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among","note":"ἐπί with the accusative in this comparison means Peleus surpassed people among/all over mankind, not 'for'."},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκαστο","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐκέκαστο","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surpassed"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b24-l536","source":"ὄλβῳ τε πλούτῳ τε, ἄνασσε δὲ Μυρμιδόνεσσι,","translation":"in fortune and wealth, and he ruled the Myrmidons.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄλβῳ","lemma":"ὄλβος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"prosperity","note":"ὄλβος denotes blessed prosperity or fortune, contrasted here with material πλοῦτος, wealth."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλούτῳ","lemma":"πλοῦτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνασσε","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he ruled","note":"ἄνασσε is the finite verb, not a dative phrase 'for him'."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσι","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄνασσε","gloss":"the Myrmidons","note":"Μυρμιδόνεσσι is the dative people ruled; it does not contain the verb 'he ruled'."}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b24-l537","source":"καί οἱ θνητῷ ἐόντι θεὰν ποίησαν ἄκοιτιν.","translation":"Though he was mortal, they made a goddess his wife.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ποίησαν","gloss":"for him","note":"οἱ is dative of advantage: the gods made a goddess a wife for Peleus."},{"surface":"θνητῷ","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἐόντι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"though he was","note":"ἐόντι is a dative participle agreeing with mortal Peleus and is concessive in context."},{"surface":"θεὰν","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποίησαν","gloss":"a goddess"},{"surface":"ποίησαν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"complement of ποίησαν","gloss":"his wife"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b24-l538","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ καὶ τῷ θῆκε θεὸς κακόν, ὅττί οἱ οὔ τι","translation":"But even upon him the god laid evil, since no","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"ἀλλά supplies the contrast; the gloss 'no' is unsupported."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκε","gloss":"the god"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because","note":"ὅττι introduces the reason for Peleus's evil, not a content clause 'that'."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to γένετο","gloss":"for him","note":"οἱ is dative of possession/interest in the clause about offspring, not 'upon him'."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"οὔ is the negator; it combines with τι to express 'no'."},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to γένετο","gloss":"any","note":"τι is the indefinite pronoun under negation, not the article 'a'."}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b24-l539","source":"παίδων ἐν μεγάροισι γονὴ γένετο κρειόντων,","translation":"line of ruling sons was born within his halls.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παίδων","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γονὴ","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"γονὴ","lemma":"γονή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένετο","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"γένετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"κρειόντων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies παίδων","gloss":"ruling","note":"κρειόντων is genitive plural modifying sons: a lineage of ruling sons."}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b24-l540","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕνα παῖδα τέκεν παναώριον· οὐδέ νυ τόν γε","translation":"He fathered one son only, doomed to an untimely death, and I do not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l540.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παναώριον","title":"Doomed before one's time","body":"παναώριος marks one destined to die wholly untimely. Achilles speaks of his own shortened life plainly while imagining the old age in which he cannot tend Peleus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἵς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέκεν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"τέκεν","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"παναώριον","lemma":"παναώριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"doomed to die young","note":"παναώριον describes Achilles as destined for an untimely death; he is not yet dead."},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κομίζω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κομίζω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"γε is an emphatic particle; negation is supplied by the omitted-from-output οὐδέ."}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b24-l541","source":"γηράσκοντα κομίζω, ἐπεὶ μάλα τηλόθι πάτρης","translation":"care for my father as he grows old, since far from my fatherland","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γηράσκοντα","lemma":"γηράσκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τόν","gloss":"growing old"},{"surface":"κομίζω","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I care for"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very","note":"μάλα intensifies τηλόθι, 'very far'; it does not itself mean 'far'."},{"surface":"τηλόθι","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧμαι","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τηλόθι","gloss":"my fatherland"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b24-l542","source":"ἧμαι ἐνὶ Τροίῃ, σέ τε κήδων ἠδὲ σὰ τέκνα.","translation":"I sit here in Troy, bringing grief to you and your children.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧμαι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I sit","note":"ἧμαι is the finite first-person verb, not merely the pronoun 'I'."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδων","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧμαι","gloss":"bringing grief to","note":"κήδων is a present participle describing Achilles causing grief to Priam and his children."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὰ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b24-l543","source":"καὶ σὲ γέρον τὸ πρὶν μὲν ἀκούομεν ὄλβιον εἶναι·","translation":"And you, old man, we hear were prosperous once:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πρὶν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀκούομεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we hear","note":"ἀκούομεν is first-person plural, not an unmarked 'hear'."},{"surface":"ὄλβιον","lemma":"ὄλβιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"prosperous"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀκούομεν","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b24-l544","source":"ὅσσον Λέσβος ἄνω Μάκαρος ἕδος ἐντὸς ἐέργει","translation":"all that Lesbos, the seat of Macar, bounds to the north,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐέργει","gloss":"as far as","note":"ὅσσον marks the extent of Priam's former renown, not interrogative quantity."},{"surface":"Λέσβος","lemma":"Λέσβος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Lesbos"},{"surface":"ἄνω","lemma":"ἄνω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐέργει","gloss":"northward"},{"surface":"Μάκαρος","lemma":"Μάκαρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕδος","gloss":"of Macar","note":"Μάκαρος is genitive and modifies 'seat'."},{"surface":"ἕδος","lemma":"ἕδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"ἐντὸς","lemma":"ἐντός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐέργει","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐέργει","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"encloses"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b24-l545","source":"καὶ Φρυγίη καθύπερθε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντος ἀπείρων,","translation":"and Phrygia inland and the boundless Hellespont,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φρυγίη","lemma":"Φρυγίη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Phrygia"},{"surface":"καθύπερθε","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"inland","note":"καθύπερθε locates Phrygia inland/up-country in this geographical context."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑλλήσποντος","lemma":"Ἑλλήσποντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the Hellespont"},{"surface":"ἀπείρων","lemma":"ἀπείρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλλήσποντος","gloss":"boundless"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b24-l546","source":"τῶν σε γέρον πλούτῳ τε καὶ υἱάσι φασὶ κεκάσθαι.","translation":"among all these, old man, they say you surpassed in wealth and sons.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κεκάσθαι","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεκάσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"πλούτῳ","lemma":"πλοῦτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱάσι","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"φασὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"κεκάσθαι","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φασὶ","gloss":"you surpassed"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b24-l547","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί τοι πῆμα τόδʼ ἤγαγον Οὐρανίωνες","translation":"But since the gods of heaven brought this ruin upon you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤγαγον","gloss":"bane"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἤγαγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"Οὐρανίωνες","lemma":"Οὐρανίωνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγον","gloss":"the heavenly gods","note":"Οὐρανίωνες is a substantival plural noun for the heavenly gods, not merely an adjective."}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b24-l548","source":"αἰεί τοι περὶ ἄστυ μάχαι τʼ ἀνδροκτασίαι τε.","translation":"there have always been battles and man-killings around your city.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"μάχαι","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"battles"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδροκτασίαι","lemma":"ἀνδροκτασία","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"slaughters","note":"ἀνδροκτασίαι is nominative plural, parallel to plural battles."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b24-l549","source":"ἄνσχεο, μὴ δʼ ἀλίαστον ὀδύρεο σὸν κατὰ θυμόν·","translation":"Endure, and do not grieve without cease in your heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l549.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄνσχεο, μὴ δʼ ἀλίαστον ὀδύρεο","title":"Endure; do not mourn without end","body":"The paired imperatives ask Priam first to hold himself up and then to stop limitless mourning. Achilles does not deny the grief; he argues that grief must have a boundary before the living can act."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνσχεο","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλίαστον","lemma":"ἀλίαστος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρεο","gloss":"unending"},{"surface":"ὀδύρεο","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grieve"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart","note":"θυμόν is the noun; κατά separately supplies the prepositional sense 'in'."}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b24-l550","source":"οὐ γάρ τι πρήξεις ἀκαχήμενος υἷος ἑῆος,","translation":"You will accomplish nothing by grieving for your son,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"οὐ negates the verb; 'nothing' arises from its combination with τι."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πρήξεις","gloss":"anything","note":"τι is the indefinite object under negation, yielding 'nothing' with οὐ."},{"surface":"πρήξεις","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"accomplish"},{"surface":"ἀκαχήμενος","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πρήξεις","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκαχήμενος","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἑῆος","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷος","gloss":"noble","note":"ἑῆος is the genitive of ἐΰς, describing the son as noble/good, not 'your own'."}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b24-l551","source":"οὐδέ μιν ἀνστήσεις, πρὶν καὶ κακὸν ἄλλο πάθῃσθα.","translation":"nor will you raise him up before you suffer some further evil.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνστήσεις","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀνστήσεις","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will raise up"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of πάθῃσθα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"another","note":"ἄλλο modifies κακόν, 'another/further evil'; 'thing' is not part of the token."},{"surface":"πάθῃσθα","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"you suffer","note":"πάθῃσθα is a finite second-person subjunctive, not an infinitive."}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b24-l552","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·","translation":"Then godlike old Priam answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"old man","note":"γέρων is the noun 'old man', not the adjective 'old'."},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b24-l553","source":"μή πω μʼ ἐς θρόνον ἵζε διοτρεφὲς ὄφρά κεν Ἕκτωρ","translation":"\"Do not seat me on a chair yet, Zeus-nurtured one, while Hector","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l553.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διοτρεφὲς","title":"Zeus-nurtured Achilles","body":"διοτρεφής means nurtured by Zeus and often marks heroic or royal standing. Priam's respectful address also reminds Achilles that Zeus's order stands behind the ransom."}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἵζε","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵζε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto","note":"ἐς marks motion onto the chair in the causative 'seat me', not simply 'to'."},{"surface":"θρόνον","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chair","note":"θρόνον contextually denotes the chair Priam refuses to take."},{"surface":"ἵζε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seat","note":"ἵζε is a present imperative: 'do not seat me', not past 'sat'."},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured one"},{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may","note":"κεν is the modal particle with the subjunctive sense; it is not the pronoun 'he'."},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b24-l554","source":"κεῖται ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἀκηδής, ἀλλὰ τάχιστα","translation":"lies uncared for among the huts, but release him at once","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵζε","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσιν","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the huts"},{"surface":"ἀκηδής","lemma":"ἀκηδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"uncared for","note":"ἀκηδής describes Hector's body as neglected/uncared for, not as carefree."},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to λῦσον","gloss":"at once"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b24-l555","source":"λῦσον ἵνʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδω· σὺ δὲ δέξαι ἄποινα","translation":"so I may see him with my own eyes. Accept the ransom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λῦσον","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"release him"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴδω","gloss":"with my eyes"},{"surface":"ἴδω","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν̓","gloss":"I may see","note":"ἴδω is a first-person subjunctive governed by ἵνα, not an imperative 'let me see'."},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέξαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέξαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέξαι","gloss":"the ransom"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b24-l556","source":"πολλά, τά τοι φέρομεν· σὺ δὲ τῶνδʼ ἀπόναιο, καὶ ἔλθοις","translation":"the many ransom-gifts we bring you; may you enjoy them and return","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φέρομεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρομεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φέρομεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄποινα","gloss":"we bring"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπόναιο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῶνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀπόναιο","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἀπόναιο","lemma":"ἀπονίναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may you enjoy"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλθοις","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may you return"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b24-l557","source":"σὴν ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν, ἐπεί με πρῶτον ἔασας","translation":"to your own native land, since first you have allowed me","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὴν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔασας","gloss":"me","note":"με is accusative, the object of 'you allowed', not dative 'to me'."},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔασας","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἔασας","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"you allowed"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b24-l558","source":"αὐτόν τε ζώειν καὶ ὁρᾶν φάος ἠελίοιο.","translation":"to live and look upon the light of the sun.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"myself","note":"αὐτόν is the emphatic accusative subject of the infinitives, not the phrase 'to live'."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζώειν","lemma":"ζῶ","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to live","note":"ζώειν is the infinitive itself; αὐτόν separately supplies its subject."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρᾶν","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"look upon"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρᾶν","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"of the sun"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b24-l559","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then, glaring at him from under his brows, swift-footed Achilles spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l559.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν","title":"The returning glare","body":"The inherited hupodra formula marks an angry warning: Achilles looks from under his brows before he speaks. Its exact return shows that pity has not made his dangerous temper disappear."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"from under his brows"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"glaring at"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"feet","note":"πόδας is the accusative plural noun in the epithet 'swift of foot'; it does not itself mean 'swift-footed'."},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b24-l560","source":"μηκέτι νῦν μʼ ἐρέθιζε γέρον· νοέω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς","translation":"\"Do not provoke me any longer, old man. I intend on my own","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μηκέτι","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρέθιζε","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρέθιζε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέθιζε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐρέθιζε","lemma":"ἐρεθίζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"provoke"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"νοέω","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I intend"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself","note":"αὐτός is the emphatic nominative pronoun, not the adjective 'own'."}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b24-l561","source":"Ἕκτορά τοι λῦσαι, Διόθεν δέ μοι ἄγγελος ἦλθε","translation":"to release Hector to you, for a messenger came to me from Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορά","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λῦσαι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to λῦσαι","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"λῦσαι","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of νοέω","gloss":"to release"},{"surface":"Διόθεν","lemma":"Διόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"from Zeus","note":"Διόθεν is an adverb meaning 'from Zeus', identifying the messenger's source."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b24-l562","source":"μήτηρ, ἥ μʼ ἔτεκεν, θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος.","translation":"my mother who bore me, daughter of the old man of the sea.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the mother"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτεκεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτεκεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔτεκεν","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μήτηρ","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"ἁλίοιο","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b24-l563","source":"καὶ δέ σε γιγνώσκω Πρίαμε φρεσίν, οὐδέ με λήθεις,","translation":"And I recognize you in my heart, Priam; you do not escape my notice,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γιγνώσκω","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to γιγνώσκω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"Πρίαμε","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to γιγνώσκω","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λήθεις","gloss":"me","note":"The pronoun is the object of λήθεις; the escape-notice meaning belongs to the verb."},{"surface":"λήθεις","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you escape notice","note":"Second-person λήθεις means 'you escape notice,' negated by οὐδέ."}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b24-l564","source":"ὅττι θεῶν τίς σʼ ἦγε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"that one of the gods guided you to the swift ships of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦγε","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦγε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἦγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅττι","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b24-l565","source":"οὐ γάρ κε τλαίη βροτὸς ἐλθέμεν, οὐδὲ μάλʼ ἡβῶν,","translation":"No mortal would dare to come here, not even a man in his prime,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for","note":"γάρ is the explanatory particle 'for.'"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τλαίη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would dare","note":"The optative with κε is potential: 'would dare.'"},{"surface":"βροτὸς","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τλαίη","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τλαίη","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even","note":"In οὐδὲ μάλʼ ἡβῶν, μάλα strengthens the concessive sense 'not even.'"},{"surface":"ἡβῶν","lemma":"ἡβάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τλαίη","gloss":"being in his prime","note":"The participle describes a mortal in youthful vigor."}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b24-l566","source":"ἐς στρατόν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν φυλάκους λάθοι, οὐδέ κʼ ὀχῆα","translation":"into the camp. He could not slip past the guards, nor could he","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"στρατόν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for","note":"γάρ is explanatory, not part of a speech formula."},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"φυλάκους","lemma":"φυλακός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λάθοι","gloss":"the guards","note":"φυλάκους is the object of λάθοι."},{"surface":"λάθοι","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slip past","note":"λάθοι means escaping the guards' notice."},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ὀχῆα","lemma":"ὀχεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετοχλίσσειε","gloss":"bar"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b24-l567","source":"ῥεῖα μετοχλίσσειε θυράων ἡμετεράων.","translation":"easily lever back the bar of our doors.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετοχλίσσειε","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"μετοχλίσσειε","lemma":"μετοχλίζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pry open"},{"surface":"θυράων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ὀχῆα","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"ἡμετεράων","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θυράων","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b24-l568","source":"τὼ νῦν μή μοι μᾶλλον ἐν ἄλγεσι θυμὸν ὀρίνῃς,","translation":"So do not stir my heart still more amid my grief,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρίνῃς","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀρίνῃς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"comparative adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρίνῃς","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"ἄλγεσι","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρίνῃς","gloss":"my heart"},{"surface":"ὀρίνῃς","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stir"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b24-l569","source":"μή σε γέρον οὐδʼ αὐτὸν ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἐάσω","translation":"lest I spare not even you within the hut, old man,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐάσω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yourself","note":"αὐτόν emphatically refers back to Priam: 'even yourself.'"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσιν","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the huts"},{"surface":"ἐάσω","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"I spare","note":"Here ἐάσω means 'spare/let be,' under μή."}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b24-l570","source":"καὶ ἱκέτην περ ἐόντα, Διὸς δʼ ἀλίτωμαι ἐφετμάς.","translation":"though you are a suppliant, and transgress the commands of Zeus.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἱκέτην","lemma":"ἱκέτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a suppliant"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies σε","gloss":"being","note":"ἐόντα is the participle 'being'; περ supplies the concessive force."},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐφετμάς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλίτωμαι","lemma":"ἀλιταίνω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"transgress","note":"The first-person subjunctive means 'I transgress,' not 'wronged.'"},{"surface":"ἐφετμάς","lemma":"ἐφετμή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλίτωμαι","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b24-l571","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δʼ ὃ γέρων καὶ ἐπείθετο μύθῳ.","translation":"So he spoke, and the old man was afraid and obeyed his word;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἔδεισεν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was afraid"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπείθετο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπείθετο","gloss":"his word"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b24-l572","source":"Πηλεΐδης δʼ οἴκοιο λέων ὣς ἆλτο θύραζε","translation":"Then Peleus' son sprang like a lion out through the door,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l572.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λέων ὣς","title":"Like a lion","body":"Achilles moves from stillness to action with the sudden force of a lion. The brief simile gives physical speed and danger to an otherwise domestic movement through the doorway."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἆλτο","gloss":"Peleus' son"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἴκοιο","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of θύραζε","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἆλτο","gloss":"out"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b24-l573","source":"οὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω θεράποντες ἕποντο","translation":"not alone; with him went two attendants,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"γε is an emphatic particle, not a negator."},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"attendants"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b24-l574","source":"ἥρως Αὐτομέδων ἠδʼ Ἄλκιμος, οὕς ῥα μάλιστα","translation":"the hero Automedon and Alcimus, whom Achilles honored","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αὐτομέδων","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄλκιμος","lemma":"Ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Alcimus"},{"surface":"οὕς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τῖ̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial to τῖ̓","gloss":"most"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b24-l575","source":"τῖʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ἑτάρων μετὰ Πάτροκλόν γε θανόντα,","translation":"most among his comrades after Patroclus had died.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῖ","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τῖ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μάλιστα","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλόν","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θανόντα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Πάτροκλόν","gloss":"having died"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b24-l576","source":"οἳ τόθʼ ὑπὸ ζυγόφιν λύον ἵππους ἡμιόνους τε,","translation":"They then unyoked the horses and mules,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"τόθ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ζυγόφιν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λύον","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"λύον","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"unyoked"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνους","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b24-l577","source":"ἐς δʼ ἄγαγον κήρυκα καλήτορα τοῖο γέροντος,","translation":"and brought in the old man's summoning herald,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγαγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"κήρυκα","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"herald","note":"κήρυκα means 'herald'; its gloss was swapped with καλήτορα."},{"surface":"καλήτορα","lemma":"καλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"summoner","note":"καλήτορα describes the herald as a summoner."},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καλήτορα","gloss":"old man's","note":"The genitive γέροντος means 'of the old man.'"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b24-l578","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἐπὶ δίφρου εἷσαν· ἐϋξέστου δʼ ἀπʼ ἀπήνης","translation":"and seated him on a chair. From the polished wagon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"chair","note":"δίφρου is the seat on which the herald is placed, not a source phrase."},{"surface":"εἷσαν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"they set"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστου","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀπήνης","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀπήνης","lemma":"ἀπήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"wagon"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b24-l579","source":"ᾕρεον Ἑκτορέης κεφαλῆς ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα.","translation":"they lifted the countless ransom for Hector's head,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾕρεον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they lifted"},{"surface":"Ἑκτορέης","lemma":"Ἑκτόρεος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἀπερείσι","lemma":"ἀπερείσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ᾕρεον","gloss":"the ransom"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b24-l580","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἔλιπον δύο φάρεʼ ἐΰννητόν τε χιτῶνα,","translation":"but left behind two cloaks and a finely woven tunic,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλιπον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies φάρἐ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"φάρε","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloaks","note":"φάρεʼ is dual/plural here, governed by δύο."},{"surface":"ἐΰννητόν","lemma":"ἐύννητος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνα","gloss":"wellwoven"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b24-l581","source":"ὄφρα νέκυν πυκάσας δοίη οἶκον δὲ φέρεσθαι.","translation":"so that Achilles might wrap the corpse and give it to be carried home.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"πυκάσας","lemma":"πυκάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δοίη","gloss":"having wrapped","note":"The aorist participle πυκάσας means 'having wrapped/covered.'"},{"surface":"δοίη","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"might give"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρεσθαι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρεσθαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"to be borne"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b24-l582","source":"δμῳὰς δʼ ἐκκαλέσας λοῦσαι κέλετʼ ἀμφί τʼ ἀλεῖψαι","translation":"He called out the serving-women and ordered them to wash and anoint it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμῳὰς","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κέλετ̓","gloss":"serving-women"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκκαλέσας","lemma":"ἐκκαλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κέλετ̓","gloss":"calling out","note":"ἐκκαλέσας means 'having called out,' not 'calling outside.'"},{"surface":"λοῦσαι","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"wash"},{"surface":"κέλετ","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"ἀμφί","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλεῖψαι","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλεῖψαι","lemma":"ἀλείφω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"anoint it"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b24-l583","source":"νόσφιν ἀειράσας, ὡς μὴ Πρίαμος ἴδοι υἱόν,","translation":"after lifting it away, so that Priam would not see his son,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l583.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νόσφιν ἀειράσας","title":"A prior action in the participle","body":"ἀειράσας is an aorist participle: Achilles first lifts the body away, then gives the order to wash it. νόσφιν stresses that the work happens apart from Priam's sight."}],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀειράσας","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ἀειράσας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀλεῖψαι","gloss":"lifting"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδοι","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"ἴδοι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"would see"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδοι","gloss":"his son"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b24-l584","source":"μὴ ὃ μὲν ἀχνυμένῃ κραδίῃ χόλον οὐκ ἐρύσαιτο","translation":"lest in his grieving heart he fail to restrain his anger","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρύσαιτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀχνυμένῃ","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, dative singular feminine","role":"modifies κραδίῃ","gloss":"grieving","note":"ἀχνυμένῃ directly modifies κραδίῃ."},{"surface":"κραδίῃ","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρύσαιτο","gloss":"heart","note":"κραδίῃ means 'heart'; the possessive is supplied by context."},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσαιτο","gloss":"anger","note":"χόλον is the object 'anger.'"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαιτο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"might not restrain","note":"The optative with οὐκ expresses the feared failure to restrain anger."}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b24-l585","source":"παῖδα ἰδών, Ἀχιλῆϊ δʼ ὀρινθείη φίλον ἦτορ,","translation":"at the sight of his child, and Achilles' own heart be stirred,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδών","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἰδών","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρύσαιτο","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὀρινθείη","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρινθείη","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"might be stirred","note":"The passive optative gives the potential result in the fear clause."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"his dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀρινθείη","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b24-l586","source":"καί ἑ κατακτείνειε, Διὸς δʼ ἀλίτηται ἐφετμάς.","translation":"and he kill Priam and transgress the commands of Zeus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατακτείνειε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατακτείνειε","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐφετμάς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλίτηται","lemma":"ἀλιταίνω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"transgress","note":"ἀλίτηται means 'transgress/sin against' Zeus's commands."},{"surface":"ἐφετμάς","lemma":"ἐφετμή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλίτηται","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b24-l587","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν δμῳαὶ λοῦσαν καὶ χρῖσαν ἐλαίῳ,","translation":"When the serving-women had washed the body and rubbed it with oil,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δμῳαὶ","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"serving-women"},{"surface":"λοῦσαν","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"had washed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρῖσαν","lemma":"χρίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"rubbed it"},{"surface":"ἐλαίῳ","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to χρῖσαν","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b24-l588","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ μιν φᾶρος καλὸν βάλον ἠδὲ χιτῶνα,","translation":"and cast a fine cloak and tunic around it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around it"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλον","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"βάλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b24-l589","source":"αὐτὸς τόν γʼ Ἀχιλεὺς λεχέων ἐπέθηκεν ἀείρας,","translation":"Achilles himself lifted it and placed it on the bier,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέθηκεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"γε is emphatic and does not mean 'the hero.'"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέθηκεν","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"λεχέων","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέθηκεν","gloss":"bier","note":"In the corpse-handling context λέχος denotes the bier."},{"surface":"ἐπέθηκεν","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed it"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέθηκεν","gloss":"lifted"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b24-l590","source":"σὺν δʼ ἕταροι ἤειραν ἐϋξέστην ἐπʼ ἀπήνην.","translation":"and his comrades together raised it onto the polished wagon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕταροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤειραν","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"ἤειραν","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστην","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀπήνην","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"ἀπήνην","lemma":"ἀπήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"wagon"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b24-l591","source":"ᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα, φίλον δʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον·","translation":"Then he groaned aloud and called his dear companion by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤμωξέν","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he groaned aloud"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤμωξέν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμηνεν","lemma":"ὀνομαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀνόμηνεν","gloss":"his companion"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b24-l592","source":"μή μοι Πάτροκλε σκυδμαινέμεν, αἴ κε πύθηαι","translation":"\"Patroclus, do not be angry with me, if you should hear,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l592.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μή μοι Πάτροκλε σκυδμαινέμεν","title":"An infinitive as a command","body":"The Homeric infinitive σκυδμαινέμεν carries imperative force after μή: Achilles tells Patroclus not to be angry. The vocative Πάτροκλε makes the address immediate despite the separation of death."}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σκυδμαινέμεν","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλε","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"σκυδμαινέμεν","lemma":"σκυδμαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"be angry"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should","note":"κε marks the conditional potential force and does not mean 'you.'"},{"surface":"πύθηαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you may hear"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b24-l593","source":"εἰν Ἄϊδός περ ἐὼν ὅτι Ἕκτορα δῖον ἔλυσα","translation":"even in the house of Hades, that I released godlike Hector","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδός","lemma":"Ἀίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πύθηαι","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλυσα","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἔλυσα","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"I released"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b24-l594","source":"πατρὶ φίλῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ μοι ἀεικέα δῶκεν ἄποινα.","translation":"to his dear father, since he gave me no unworthy ransom.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλυσα","gloss":"to his father"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"his dear"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he gave"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b24-l595","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὖ ἐγὼ καὶ τῶνδʼ ἀποδάσσομαι ὅσσʼ ἐπέοικεν.","translation":"And I shall give you too the fitting share from these gifts.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποδάσσομαι","gloss":"to you","note":"σοί is dative: Achilles will allot a share to Patroclus."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποδάσσομαι","gloss":"in turn","note":"αὖ means 'in turn/again,' not simply another conjunction."},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποδάσσομαι","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τῶνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὅσσ̓","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἀποδάσσομαι","lemma":"ἀποδατέομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will allot"},{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐπέοικεν","gloss":"as much as","note":"ὅσσʼ introduces the amount that is fitting, not the noun 'share.'"},{"surface":"ἐπέοικεν","lemma":"ἐπέοικε","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀποδάσσομαι","gloss":"is seemly"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b24-l596","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐς κλισίην πάλιν ἤϊε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"So he spoke, and godlike Achilles went back into the shelter,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"so he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the shelter"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἤϊε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤϊε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b24-l597","source":"ἕζετο δʼ ἐν κλισμῷ πολυδαιδάλῳ ἔνθεν ἀνέστη","translation":"and sat on the richly worked chair from which he had risen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κλισμῷ","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"πολυδαιδάλῳ","lemma":"πολυδαίδαλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κλισμῷ","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνέστη","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κλισμῷ","gloss":"rose up"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b24-l598","source":"τοίχου τοῦ ἑτέρου, ποτὶ δὲ Πρίαμον φάτο μῦθον·","translation":"beside the opposite wall, and spoke these words to Priam:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοίχου","lemma":"τοῖχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισμῷ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἑτέρου","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἑτέρου","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοίχου","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρίαμον","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"these words"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b24-l599","source":"υἱὸς μὲν δή τοι λέλυται γέρον ὡς ἐκέλευες,","translation":"\"Your son is released now, old man, as you commanded,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λέλυται","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to λέλυται","gloss":"for you","note":"τοι is the dative ethical/possessive pronoun in 'your son.'"},{"surface":"λέλυται","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευες","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευες","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to λέλυται","gloss":"you commanded"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b24-l600","source":"κεῖται δʼ ἐν λεχέεσσʼ· ἅμα δʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν","translation":"and lies upon a bier. At the breaking of dawn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on","note":"ἐν with the locative plural marks the bier on which Hector lies."},{"surface":"λεχέεσσ","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"a bier"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠοῖ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"φαινομένηφιν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular feminine","role":"modifies ἠοῖ","gloss":"appearing","note":"φαινομένηφιν modifies dawn; it does not itself mean 'at dawn.'"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b24-l601","source":"ὄψεαι αὐτὸς ἄγων· νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα δόρπου.","translation":"you yourself shall see him as you bear him away. Now let us think of supper.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψεαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shall see"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄψεαι","gloss":"carrying him"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μνησώμεθα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μνησώμεθα","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"δόρπου","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of μνησώμεθα","gloss":"supper"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b24-l602","source":"καὶ γάρ τʼ ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου,","translation":"For even lovely-haired Niobe remembered food,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἠΰκομος","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Νιόβη","gloss":"lovely-haired"},{"surface":"Νιόβη","lemma":"Νιόβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐμνήσατο","gloss":"Niobe"},{"surface":"ἐμνήσατο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμνήσατο","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b24-l603","source":"τῇ περ δώδεκα παῖδες ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ὄλοντο","translation":"though twelve children had perished in her halls,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὄλοντο","gloss":"in her"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ὄλοντο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Νιόβη","gloss":"perished"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b24-l604","source":"ἓξ μὲν θυγατέρες, ἓξ δʼ υἱέες ἡβώοντες.","translation":"six daughters and six sons in the flower of youth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἓξ","lemma":"ἕξ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies θυγατέρες","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"θυγατέρες","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"ἓξ","lemma":"ἕξ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱέες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"sons","note":"υἱέες simply means 'sons'; the article was not present."},{"surface":"ἡβώοντες","lemma":"ἡβάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"in their youth"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b24-l605","source":"τοὺς μὲν Ἀπόλλων πέφνεν ἀπʼ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο","translation":"Apollo killed the sons with his silver bow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέφνεν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέφνεν","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"πέφνεν","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέοιο","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βιοῖο","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"βιοῖο","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b24-l606","source":"χωόμενος Νιόβῃ, τὰς δʼ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα,","translation":"in anger at Niobe, and Artemis, showerer of arrows, killed the daughters,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l606.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα","title":"Artemis, showerer of arrows","body":"ἰοχέαιρα is Artemis' standing title as an archer. Its fixed rendering, \"showerer of arrows,\" pairs her deadly reach with Apollo's silver bow in the preceding line."}],"words":[{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέφνεν","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"Νιόβῃ","lemma":"Νιόβη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of χωόμενος","gloss":"Niobe"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄρτεμις","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"ἰοχέαιρα","lemma":"ἰοχέαιρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἄρτεμις","gloss":"showerer of arrows"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b24-l607","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἄρα Λητοῖ ἰσάσκετο καλλιπαρῄῳ·","translation":"because Niobe had compared herself to fair-cheeked Leto.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l607.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Λητοῖ","lemma":"Λητώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰσάσκετο","gloss":"Leto"},{"surface":"ἰσάσκετο","lemma":"ἰσάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκ̓","gloss":"compared herself","note":"ἰσάσκετο means Niobe compared herself with Leto."},{"surface":"καλλιπαρῄῳ","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λητοῖ","gloss":"fair-cheeked"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b24-l608","source":"φῆ δοιὼ τεκέειν, ἣ δʼ αὐτὴ γείνατο πολλούς·","translation":"She claimed Leto had borne only two, while she herself had birthed many;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she claimed","note":"φῆ is a speech verb here: Niobe claimed that Leto bore two."},{"surface":"δοιὼ","lemma":"δοιώ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"object of τεκέειν","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"τεκέειν","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of φῆ","gloss":"had borne"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of γείνατο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"γείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"πολλούς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of γείνατο","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b24-l609","source":"τὼ δʼ ἄρα καὶ δοιώ περ ἐόντʼ ἀπὸ πάντας ὄλεσσαν.","translation":"yet those two, though only two, destroyed them all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l609.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ δʼ ἄρα καὶ δοιώ περ ἐόντʼ","title":"The two in the dual","body":"τὼ and δοιώ are dual forms, reserved for a pair rather than a general plural. Homer sets the exact pair Apollo and Artemis against Niobe's many children."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄλεσσαν","gloss":"those two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"δοιώ","lemma":"δοιώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄλεσσαν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly","note":"The separated preverb ἀπό intensifies ὄλεσσαν: they destroyed them all utterly."},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὄλεσσαν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὄλεσσαν","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b24-l610","source":"οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐννῆμαρ κέατʼ ἐν φόνῳ, οὐδέ τις ἦεν","translation":"For nine days they lay in their blood, and there was no one","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέατ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"ἄρα is the narrative particle 'then,' not 'no longer.'"},{"surface":"ἐννῆμαρ","lemma":"ἐννῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέατ̓","gloss":"for nine days"},{"surface":"κέατ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φόνῳ","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"their blood"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there was"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b24-l611","source":"κατθάψαι, λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε Κρονίων·","translation":"to bury them, since the son of Cronos had turned the people to stone.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κατθάψαι","lemma":"καταθάπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"to bury"},{"surface":"λαοὺς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ποίησε","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίθους","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"complement of ποίησε","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"ποίησε","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made","note":"ποίησε is past indicative: Zeus made the people stones."},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ποίησε","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b24-l612","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἄρα τῇ δεκάτῃ θάψαν θεοὶ Οὐρανίωνες.","translation":"But on the tenth day the heavenly gods buried them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of θάψαν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine article","role":"modifies δεκάτῃ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δεκάτῃ","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to θάψαν","gloss":"tenth"},{"surface":"θάψαν","lemma":"θάπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"buried"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θάψαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"Οὐρανίωνες","lemma":"Οὐρανίωνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"the heavenly gods","note":"Οὐρανίωνες substantivally names the heavenly gods, not merely the adjective 'heavenly.'"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b24-l613","source":"ἣ δʼ ἄρα σίτου μνήσατʼ, ἐπεὶ κάμε δάκρυ χέουσα.","translation":"Then Niobe remembered food, when she had wearied of shedding tears.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μνήσατ̓","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνήσατ̓","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"μνήσατ","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κάμε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"wearied"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέουσα","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέουσα","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"object of κάμε","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b24-l614","source":"νῦν δέ που ἐν πέτρῃσιν ἐν οὔρεσιν οἰοπόλοισιν","translation":"And now, somewhere among the rocks on the lonely mountains,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέσσει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πέτρῃσιν","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"οὔρεσιν","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"on mountains"},{"surface":"οἰοπόλοισιν","lemma":"οἰοπόλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies οὔρεσιν","gloss":"lonely"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b24-l615","source":"ἐν Σιπύλῳ, ὅθι φασὶ θεάων ἔμμεναι εὐνὰς","translation":"on Sipylus, where they say the goddesses have their resting places,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Σιπύλῳ","lemma":"Σίπυλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Sipylus"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"φασὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies εὐνὰς","gloss":"of the goddesses","note":"The genitive θεάων depends on the resting places."},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασὶ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"εὐνὰς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"resting places"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b24-l616","source":"νυμφάων, αἵ τʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀχελώϊον ἐρρώσαντο,","translation":"the nymphs who dance about Achelous,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l616.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νυμφάων","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies θεάων","gloss":"of the nymphs"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρρώσαντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Ἀχελώϊον","lemma":"Ἀχελῷος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Achelous"},{"surface":"ἐρρώσαντο","lemma":"ῥώομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεάων","gloss":"who dance"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b24-l617","source":"ἔνθα λίθος περ ἐοῦσα θεῶν ἐκ κήδεα πέσσει.","translation":"there, though she is stone, she broods upon the griefs the gods gave her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l617.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λίθος","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to πέσσει","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"of the gods","note":"θεῶν is genitive with the following separated ἐκ."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from","note":"ἐκ is the preposition 'from,' not 'the decrees.'"},{"surface":"κήδεα","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πέσσει","gloss":"woes","note":"κήδεα is plural and denotes Niobe's woes/griefs."},{"surface":"πέσσει","lemma":"πέσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broods over"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b24-l618","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ νῶϊ μεδώμεθα δῖε γεραιὲ","translation":"But come, godlike old man, let the two of us also think of food.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l618.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"ἀλλά is 'but'; the following ἄγε independently supplies 'come.'"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μεδώμεθα","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"μεδώμεθα","lemma":"μέδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us think of","note":"μεδώμεθα governs σίτου and means 'let us take thought for.'"},{"surface":"δῖε","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γεραιὲ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"γεραιὲ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b24-l619","source":"σίτου· ἔπειτά κεν αὖτε φίλον παῖδα κλαίοισθα","translation":"Afterward you may weep again for your dear son","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l619.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεδώμεθα","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἔπειτά","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαίοισθα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may","note":"κεν supplies potential force and does not contain the verb 'weep.'"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαίοισθα","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κλαίοισθα","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"κλαίοισθα","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weep"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b24-l620","source":"Ἴλιον εἰσαγαγών· πολυδάκρυτος δέ τοι ἔσται.","translation":"when you have brought him into Ilion; he will cost you many tears.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσαγαγών","gloss":"into Ilion"},{"surface":"εἰσαγαγών","lemma":"εἰσάγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κλαίοισθα","gloss":"having brought in","note":"εἰσαγαγών means bringing the son into Ilion."},{"surface":"πολυδάκρυτος","lemma":"πολυδάκρυτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"cause of many tears","note":"Predicative πολυδάκρυτος says Hector will bring Priam many tears."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for you","note":"τοι is dative: he will be a cause of tears for Priam."},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be","note":"ἔσται is the future copula, not existential 'there will be' here."}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b24-l621","source":"ἦ καὶ ἀναΐξας ὄϊν ἄργυφον ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"He spoke, and swift Achilles sprang up for a white-fleeced sheep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l621.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄϊν ἄργυφον","title":"A white-fleeced sheep","body":"ἄργυφος describes the sheep by its shining white fleece. The concrete detail marks the meal's preparation without turning it into a formal sacrifice."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slaughtered","note":"Elided σφάξε has Achilles as its subject; it is not third-person plural."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξας","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σφάξ̓","gloss":"springing up"},{"surface":"ὄϊν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σφάξ̓","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"ἄργυφον","lemma":"ἄργυφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄϊν","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σφάξ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b24-l622","source":"σφάξʼ· ἕταροι δʼ ἔδερόν τε καὶ ἄμφεπον εὖ κατὰ κόσμον,","translation":"and slaughtered it; his comrades flayed it and prepared it well in due order,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σφάξ","lemma":"σφάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they slaughtered"},{"surface":"ἕταροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδερόν","lemma":"δέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flayed it"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμφεπον","lemma":"ἀμφιέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prepared it"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄμφεπον","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in due order"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"due order"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b24-l623","source":"μίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρʼ ἐπισταμένως πεῖράν τʼ ὀβελοῖσιν,","translation":"they sliced it skillfully and pierced the pieces on spits,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίστυλλόν","lemma":"μιστύλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut up"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένως","lemma":"ἐπισταμένως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μίστυλλόν","gloss":"skillfully"},{"surface":"πεῖράν","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀβελοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀβελός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πεῖράν","gloss":"spits"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b24-l624","source":"ὄπτησάν τε περιφραδέως, ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα.","translation":"roasted them carefully, and drew them all from the fire.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄπτησάν","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roasted them"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περιφραδέως","lemma":"περιφραδής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄπτησάν","gloss":"with care"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντό","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew off"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρύσαντό","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b24-l625","source":"Αὐτομέδων δʼ ἄρα σῖτον ἑλὼν ἐπένειμε τραπέζῃ","translation":"Automedon took bread and spread it over the table","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l625.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπένειμε","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπένειμε","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπένειμε","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ἐπένειμε","lemma":"ἐπινέμω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed around"},{"surface":"τραπέζῃ","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπένειμε","gloss":"on the table","note":"The dative τραπέζῃ locates the bread on the table."}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b24-l626","source":"καλοῖς ἐν κανέοισιν· ἀτὰρ κρέα νεῖμεν Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"in fine baskets, while Achilles portioned out the meat.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλοῖς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κανέοισιν","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κανέοισιν","lemma":"κάνεον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"baskets"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of νεῖμεν","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"νεῖμεν","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"divided"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νεῖμεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b24-l627","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.","translation":"They reached out their hands to the good things set ready before them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l627.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴαλλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὀνείαθ","lemma":"ὄνειαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"good things"},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμα","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ̓","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"προκείμενα","lemma":"πρόκειμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ̓","gloss":"set before them"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλον","gloss":"their hands"},{"surface":"ἴαλλον","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached out"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b24-l628","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put from them the desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l628.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο","title":"Desire put away","body":"This recurring banquet formula literally pictures the diners putting away their desire for drink and food. Its fixed wording marks the formal close of a Homeric meal."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"αὐτάρ is 'but'; the following ἐπεί independently means 'when.'"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of drink","note":"πόσιος is genitive dependent on 'desire.'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from","note":"ἐξ completes the idiom 'put desire from them' and does not mean 'from when.'"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"the desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had put from them"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b24-l629","source":"ἤτοι Δαρδανίδης Πρίαμος θαύμαζʼ Ἀχιλῆα","translation":"Priam, son of Dardanus, marveled at Achilles,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l629.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Δαρδανίδης Πρίαμος","title":"Priam, son of Dardanus","body":"Δαρδανίδης reaches beyond Priam's father Laomedon to Dardanus, the ancestral founder of the royal line. The patronymic places the old king within Troy's deepest genealogy."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίδης","lemma":"Δαρδανίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"son of Dardanus"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θαύμαζ̓","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θαύμαζ","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled at"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θαύμαζ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b24-l630","source":"ὅσσος ἔην οἷός τε· θεοῖσι γὰρ ἄντα ἐῴκει·","translation":"at how tall and what manner of man he was, for face to face he seemed like the gods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l630.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσος","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"how tall","note":"ὅσσος expresses Achilles' impressive size."},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θαύμαζ̓","gloss":"he was"},{"surface":"οἷός","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"what manner","note":"οἷος expresses what sort of man Achilles was, not merely 'as.'"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐῴκει","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐῴκει","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"ἐῴκει","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was like"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b24-l631","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ Δαρδανίδην Πρίαμον θαύμαζεν Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"And Achilles marveled at Priam, son of Dardanus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίδην","lemma":"Δαρδανίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμον","gloss":"son of Dardanus"},{"surface":"Πρίαμον","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θαύμαζεν","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θαύμαζεν","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled at"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θαύμαζεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b24-l632","source":"εἰσορόων ὄψίν τʼ ἀγαθὴν καὶ μῦθον ἀκούων.","translation":"looking on his noble presence and listening to his words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσορόων","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"looking upon","note":"εἰσορόων governs Priam's appearance."},{"surface":"ὄψίν","lemma":"ὄψις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσορόων","gloss":"appearance","note":"ὄψιν denotes Priam's visible appearance/presence."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὴν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὄψίν","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούων","gloss":"his words"},{"surface":"ἀκούων","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"listening","note":"The participle means 'listening/hearing,' without an added 'as.'"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b24-l633","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τάρπησαν ἐς ἀλλήλους ὁρόωντες,","translation":"But when they had taken their fill of gazing at one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but when"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τάρπησαν","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had their fill"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ὁρόωντες","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"object of τάρπησαν","gloss":"of gazing"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b24-l634","source":"τὸν πρότερος προσέειπε γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·","translation":"godlike old Priam was first to speak:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l634.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to","note":"προσέειπε is the formulaic verb 'addressed/spoke to,' not 'called out to.'"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"old man","note":"γέρων is the noun 'old man,' not merely an adjective."},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b24-l635","source":"λέξον νῦν με τάχιστα διοτρεφές, ὄφρα καὶ ἤδη","translation":"\"Lay me down now with all speed, Zeus-nurtured Achilles, so that at last","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l635.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διοτρεφές","title":"Zeus-nurtured","body":"διοτρεφές is a vocative title of honor, literally \"nurtured by Zeus.\" Priam uses it as he asks Achilles, now his host, for the ordinary human mercy of sleep."}],"words":[{"surface":"λέξον","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λέξον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λέξον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to λέξον","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"διοτρεφές","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ταρπώμεθα","gloss":"at last"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b24-l636","source":"ὕπνῳ ὕπο γλυκερῷ ταρπώμεθα κοιμηθέντες·","translation":"we may lie down and take our fill of sweet sleep.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕπνῳ","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὕπο","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γλυκερῷ","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνῳ","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ταρπώμεθα","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"take our fill"},{"surface":"κοιμηθέντες","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"object of ταρπώμεθα","gloss":"having lain down"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b24-l637","source":"οὐ γάρ πω μύσαν ὄσσε ὑπὸ βλεφάροισιν ἐμοῖσιν","translation":"For my eyes beneath their lids have never yet closed","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to μύσαν","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"μύσαν","lemma":"μύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"closed"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of μύσαν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"βλεφάροισιν","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖσιν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βλεφάροισιν","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b24-l638","source":"ἐξ οὗ σῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶν ἐμὸς πάϊς ὤλεσε θυμόν,","translation":"since my son lost his life beneath your hands,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l638.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"since","note":"ἐξ begins the temporal expression ἐξ οὗ, 'since.'"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"when","note":"οὗ completes the temporal expression 'since when,' not 'which.'"},{"surface":"σῇς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands","note":"χερσίν means 'hands'; ὑπό separately supplies 'beneath/by.'"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤλεσε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὤλεσε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μύσαν","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὤλεσε","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b24-l639","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ στενάχω καὶ κήδεα μυρία πέσσω","translation":"but I groan without cease and brood upon countless griefs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l639.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κήδεα μυρία πέσσω","title":"Digesting grief","body":"πέσσω can mean to digest or ripen something within. Joined to κήδεα, it makes Priam's countless griefs something he works over inwardly and cannot discharge."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στενάχω","gloss":"without ceasing"},{"surface":"στενάχω","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδεα","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πέσσω","gloss":"griefs","note":"κήδεα is plural."},{"surface":"μυρία","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"πέσσω","lemma":"πέσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brood over","note":"πέσσω figuratively means to brood over griefs, not 'nurse.'"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b24-l640","source":"αὐλῆς ἐν χόρτοισι κυλινδόμενος κατὰ κόπρον.","translation":"rolling in dung within the enclosed court.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χόρτοισι","gloss":"of the court"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χόρτοισι","lemma":"χόρτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"κυλινδόμενος","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσσω","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κόπρον","lemma":"κόπρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"dung"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b24-l641","source":"νῦν δὴ καὶ σίτου πασάμην καὶ αἴθοπα οἶνον","translation":"Only now have I tasted food and sent dark wine","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"δή is emphatic; it does not itself supply the conjunction 'and.'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πασάμην","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"πασάμην","lemma":"πατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I tasted","note":"The verb means 'I tasted'; 'first' is inferred from context, not lexical."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"fiery-red","note":"αἴθοπα is the conventional epithet 'fiery/gleaming red' of wine."},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καθέηκα","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b24-l642","source":"λαυκανίης καθέηκα· πάρος γε μὲν οὔ τι πεπάσμην.","translation":"down my throat; before this I had tasted nothing.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαυκανίης","lemma":"λαυκανίη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καθέηκα","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"καθέηκα","lemma":"καθίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent down"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπάσμην","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"γε is emphatic and is not the negator."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"οὔ is the negator; τι separately means 'anything.'"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πεπάσμην","gloss":"anything","note":"τι is the indefinite pronoun 'anything' under negation."},{"surface":"πεπάσμην","lemma":"πατέομαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had tasted"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b24-l643","source":"ἦ ῥʼ, Ἀχιλεὺς δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἰδὲ δμῳῇσι κέλευσε","translation":"He spoke, and Achilles ordered his comrades and serving-women","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέλευσε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"his comrades"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δμῳῇσι","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"serving women"},{"surface":"κέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b24-l644","source":"δέμνιʼ ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ θέμεναι καὶ ῥήγεα καλὰ","translation":"to set beds beneath the portico, and to lay fine","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δέμνι","lemma":"δέμνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θέμεναι","gloss":"beds"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"αἰθούσῃ","lemma":"αἴθουσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"portico"},{"surface":"θέμεναι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to set","note":"θέμεναι means to set/place the beds."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥήγεα","lemma":"ῥῆγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμβαλέειν","gloss":"blankets","note":"ῥήγεα is plural."},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥήγεα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b24-l645","source":"πορφύρεʼ ἐμβαλέειν, στορέσαι τʼ ἐφύπερθε τάπητας,","translation":"purple blankets upon them, with rugs spread over these,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l645.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πορφύρε","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥήγεα","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"ἐμβαλέειν","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"στορέσαι","lemma":"στόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to spread"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφύπερθε","lemma":"ἐφύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στορέσαι","gloss":"above them"},{"surface":"τάπητας","lemma":"τάπης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of στορέσαι","gloss":"rugs"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b24-l646","source":"χλαίνας τʼ ἐνθέμεναι οὔλας καθύπερθεν ἕσασθαι.","translation":"and to place shaggy cloaks on top for them to cover themselves.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l646.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χλαίνας","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνθέμεναι","gloss":"cloaks"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνθέμεναι","lemma":"ἐντίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to place"},{"surface":"οὔλας","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χλαίνας","gloss":"shaggy"},{"surface":"καθύπερθεν","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐνθέμεναι","gloss":"on top","note":"καθύπερθεν locates the cloaks on top of the bedding."},{"surface":"ἕσασθαι","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies χλαίνας","gloss":"to cover themselves"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b24-l647","source":"αἳ δʼ ἴσαν ἐκ μεγάροιο δάος μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχουσαι,","translation":"The women went out from the hall with a torch in their hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l647.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"the women"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out from"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"δάος","lemma":"δάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσαι","gloss":"torch"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"hands","note":"χερσίν means 'hands'; μετά supplies the accompanying/locative force."},{"surface":"ἔχουσαι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἴσαν","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b24-l648","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἄρα στόρεσαν δοιὼ λέχεʼ ἐγκονέουσαι.","translation":"and quickly spread the two beds, working briskly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στόρεσαν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"στόρεσαν","lemma":"στόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread","note":"στόρεσαν is past indicative, not an infinitive."},{"surface":"δοιὼ","lemma":"δοιώ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"modifies λέχἐ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"λέχε","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of στόρεσαν","gloss":"beds","note":"λέχεʼ is dual/plural with δοιώ."},{"surface":"ἐγκονέουσαι","lemma":"ἐγκονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to στόρεσαν","gloss":"bustling"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b24-l649","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐπικερτομέων προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed Achilles spoke to him with a jest:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l649.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπικερτομέων","title":"A wary jest","body":"ἐπικερτομέων can mark teasing or pointed mockery. Achilles briefly lightens his warning, but the danger that an Achaean counselor may discover Priam remains real."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπικερτομέων","lemma":"ἐπικερτομέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"jesting","note":"In context ἐπικερτομέων describes Achilles speaking with a jest."},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b24-l650","source":"ἐκτὸς μὲν δὴ λέξο γέρον φίλε, μή τις Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"\"Lie outside now, dear old man, lest some Achaean","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l650.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λέξο","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"λέξο","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist passive imperative, singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie down"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέρον","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βουληφόρος","gloss":"some man"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βουληφόρος","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b24-l651","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ἐπέλθῃσιν βουληφόρος, οἵ τέ μοι αἰεὶ","translation":"counselor come here, one of those who always sit beside me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐπέλθῃσιν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐπέλθῃσιν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"should come","note":"The subjunctive in the μή clause expresses the feared possibility."},{"surface":"βουληφόρος","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπέλθῃσιν","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βουλεύουσι","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βουλεύουσι","gloss":"beside me"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βουλεύουσι","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b24-l652","source":"βουλὰς βουλεύουσι παρήμενοι, ἣ θέμις ἐστί·","translation":"and take counsel together with me, as is our custom.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλὰς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of βουλεύουσι","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"βουλεύουσι","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"take counsel","note":"βουλεύουσι means the counselors deliberate/take counsel."},{"surface":"παρήμενοι","lemma":"πάρημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βουλεύουσι","gloss":"sitting beside me","note":"παρήμενοι describes the counselors seated beside Achilles."},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"custom"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βουλεύουσι","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b24-l653","source":"τῶν εἴ τίς σε ἴδοιτο θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν,","translation":"If one of them should see you through the swift black night,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδοιτο","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδοιτο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἴδοιτο","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"through the night"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b24-l654","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἂν ἐξείποι Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν,","translation":"he would at once tell Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l654.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξείποι","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would","note":"ἄν supplies potential force; the subject is expressed by the verb."},{"surface":"ἐξείποι","lemma":"ἐξεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell","note":"The optative ἐξείποι means he would report/tell Agamemnon."},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξείποι","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"the shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b24-l655","source":"καί κεν ἀνάβλησις λύσιος νεκροῖο γένηται.","translation":"and the release of the corpse might then be delayed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l655.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἀνάβλησις","lemma":"ἀνάβλησις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"postponement"},{"surface":"λύσιος","lemma":"λύσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀνάβλησις","gloss":"of the release","note":"λύσιος is genitive dependent on 'postponement.'"},{"surface":"νεκροῖο","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies λύσιος","gloss":"of the corpse","note":"νεκροῖο is genitive dependent on 'release.'"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be delayed"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b24-l656","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον,","translation":"But come, tell me this and recount it truly:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l656.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"ἀλλά is 'but'; the following ἄγε separately supplies 'come.'"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"to me","note":"μοι is dative with the verb of telling."},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"plainly"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recount"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b24-l657","source":"ποσσῆμαρ μέμονας κτερεϊζέμεν Ἕκτορα δῖον,","translation":"for how many days do you intend to hold funeral rites for godlike Hector,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l657.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ποσσῆμαρ μέμονας κτερεϊζέμεν","title":"How many days?","body":"ποσσῆμαρ compresses the question \"for how many days?\" The infinitive κτερεϊζέμεν completes μέμονας: Priam is intent on performing Hector's funeral honors."}],"words":[{"surface":"ποσσῆμαρ","lemma":"ποσσῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτερεϊζέμεν","gloss":"for how many days"},{"surface":"μέμονας","lemma":"μέμονα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"are you bent"},{"surface":"κτερεϊζέμεν","lemma":"κτερείζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μέμονας","gloss":"hold his funeral"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κτερεϊζέμεν","gloss":"for Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b24-l658","source":"ὄφρα τέως αὐτός τε μένω καὶ λαὸν ἐρύκω.","translation":"so that I myself may hold back until then and restrain the army?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τέως","lemma":"τέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"until then"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένω","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I may remain","note":"The subjunctive belongs to the purpose clause introduced by ὄφρα."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύκω","gloss":"the army"},{"surface":"ἐρύκω","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"may hold back"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b24-l659","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·","translation":"Then godlike old Priam answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l659.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b24-l660","source":"εἰ μὲν δή μʼ ἐθέλεις τελέσαι τάφον Ἕκτορι δίῳ,","translation":"\"If you are willing to let me complete godlike Hector's burial,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l660.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τελέσαι","gloss":"for me","note":"The enclitic pronoun is the beneficiary of completing the funeral."},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you are willing"},{"surface":"τελέσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"bring to pass"},{"surface":"τάφον","lemma":"τάφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τελέσαι","gloss":"funeral"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τελέσαι","gloss":"for Hector","note":"The dative Ἕκτορι marks the person for whom the funeral is completed."},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b24-l661","source":"ὧδέ κέ μοι ῥέζων Ἀχιλεῦ κεχαρισμένα θείης.","translation":"you would do me a welcome kindness in this way, Achilles.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδέ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ῥέζων","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ῥέζων","gloss":"for me","note":"μοι is dative of advantage."},{"surface":"ῥέζων","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θείης","gloss":"doing","note":"The participle ῥέζων means 'doing'; κε and θείης carry the potential finite sense."},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"κεχαρισμένα","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of θείης","gloss":"a welcome thing","note":"The substantival perfect participle denotes something pleasing/welcome."},{"surface":"θείης","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would render","note":"The optative with κε means 'you would make/render,' not the noun 'kindness.'"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b24-l662","source":"οἶσθα γὰρ ὡς κατὰ ἄστυ ἐέλμεθα, τηλόθι δʼ ὕλη","translation":"For you know how we are penned within the city, while timber is far away","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l662.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶσθα","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in","note":"κατά locates the Trojans within/throughout the city; it does not mean 'for you.'"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ἐέλμεθα","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"penned in"},{"surface":"τηλόθι","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὕλη","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"timber","note":"ὕλη is the wood needed for the pyre, not the forest itself here."}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b24-l663","source":"ἀξέμεν ἐξ ὄρεος, μάλα δὲ Τρῶες δεδίασιν.","translation":"to bring down from the mountain, and the Trojans are greatly afraid.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀξέμεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to bring down"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὄρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δεδίασιν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δεδίασιν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"afraid"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b24-l664","source":"ἐννῆμαρ μέν κʼ αὐτὸν ἐνὶ μεγάροις γοάοιμεν,","translation":"For nine days we would mourn him in our halls;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννῆμαρ","lemma":"ἐννῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γοάοιμεν","gloss":"for nine days"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of γοάοιμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"γοάοιμεν","lemma":"γοάω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we would mourn","note":"The optative with κεν is first-person plural potential, not an infinitive."}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b24-l665","source":"τῇ δεκάτῃ δέ κε θάπτοιμεν δαινῦτό τε λαός,","translation":"on the tenth we would bury him, and the people would feast;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine article","role":"modifies δεκάτῃ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δεκάτῃ","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"tenth"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"θάπτοιμεν","lemma":"θάπτω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would bury"},{"surface":"δαινῦτό","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would hold feast"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαός","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δαινῦτό","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b24-l666","source":"ἑνδεκάτῃ δέ κε τύμβον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ποιήσαιμεν,","translation":"on the eleventh we would make a mound above him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l666.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑνδεκάτῃ","lemma":"ἑνδέκατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ποιήσαιμεν","gloss":"eleventh"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τύμβον","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποιήσαιμεν","gloss":"mound"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over","note":"ἐπί locates the mound over Hector."},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ποιήσαιμεν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b24-l667","source":"τῇ δὲ δυωδεκάτῃ πολεμίξομεν εἴ περ ἀνάγκη.","translation":"and on the twelfth we shall fight, if fight we must.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l667.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine article","role":"modifies δυωδεκάτῃ","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δυωδεκάτῃ","lemma":"δωδέκατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to πολεμίξομεν","gloss":"on the twelfth"},{"surface":"πολεμίξομεν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall war"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even if","note":"περ strengthens the conditional concession: 'even if necessary.'"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκη","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"must"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b24-l668","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed godlike Achilles spoke to him again:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l668.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b24-l669","source":"ἔσται τοι καὶ ταῦτα γέρον Πρίαμʼ ὡς σὺ κελεύεις·","translation":"\"All this shall be as you command, old Priam,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall be"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"for you","note":"τοι is dative: these concessions will be granted for Priam."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"these things","note":"ταῦτα is neuter plural."},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμ̓","gloss":"old man","note":"γέρον is the vocative noun, not merely 'old.'"},{"surface":"Πρίαμ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κελεύεις","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κελεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b24-l670","source":"σχήσω γὰρ πόλεμον τόσσον χρόνον ὅσσον ἄνωγας.","translation":"for I shall hold back the war as long as you have commanded.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l670.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχήσω","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall stop"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σχήσω","gloss":"the war"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"as long"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σχήσω","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"as long as","note":"ὅσσον correlates with τόσσον χρόνον to express duration."},{"surface":"ἄνωγας","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόσσον","gloss":"you command"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b24-l671","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἐπὶ καρπῷ χεῖρα γέροντος","translation":"So he spoke, and took the old man's right hand","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l671.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"ἄρα is the narrative particle 'then,' not another 'so.'"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλλαβε","gloss":"having spoken","note":"φωνήσας is an aorist participle."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on","note":"ἐπί governs καρπῷ and does not mean 'and.'"},{"surface":"καρπῷ","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"wrist","note":"καρπῷ is singular dative."},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"old man's","note":"γέροντος is genitive and modifies hand."}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b24-l672","source":"ἔλλαβε δεξιτερήν, μή πως δείσειʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ.","translation":"by the wrist, so that he would have no fear in his heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l672.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took","note":"ἔλλαβε means Achilles took/grasped Priam's hand."},{"surface":"δεξιτερήν","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"right hand","note":"δεξιτερήν is substantival and agrees with the preceding χεῖρα."},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest","note":"μή introduces the clause preventing Priam's fear."},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to δείσεἰ","gloss":"in any way","note":"πως modifies the feared possibility of being afraid."},{"surface":"δείσει","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"he might fear","note":"The optative gives Priam's possible fear."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b24-l673","source":"οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐν προδόμῳ δόμου αὐτόθι κοιμήσαντο","translation":"There in the forecourt of the shelter they lay down to sleep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l673.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προδόμῳ","lemma":"πρόδομος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"forehall"},{"surface":"δόμου","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies προδόμῳ","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιμήσαντο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κοιμήσαντο","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down to sleep"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b24-l674","source":"κῆρυξ καὶ Πρίαμος πυκινὰ φρεσὶ μήδεʼ ἔχοντες,","translation":"the herald and Priam, with shrewd designs in their minds,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the herald"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"πυκινὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μήδἐ","gloss":"shrewd"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντες","gloss":"in their minds"},{"surface":"μήδε","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κοιμήσαντο","gloss":"having","note":"The participle ἔχοντες means Priam and the herald were 'having' shrewd counsels."}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b24-l675","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς εὗδε μυχῷ κλισίης ἐϋπήκτου·","translation":"while Achilles slept in the innermost part of his well-built shelter,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὗδε","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"εὗδε","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"μυχῷ","lemma":"μυχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εὗδε","gloss":"in the recess"},{"surface":"κλισίης","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μυχῷ","gloss":"of the shelter","note":"κλισίης is genitive dependent on μυχῷ."},{"surface":"ἐϋπήκτου","lemma":"εὔπηκτος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κλισίης","gloss":"well-built"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b24-l676","source":"τῷ δὲ Βρισηῒς παρελέξατο καλλιπάρῃος.","translation":"and fair-cheeked Briseis lay beside him.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l676.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Βρισηῒς παρελέξατο καλλιπάρῃος","title":"Fair-cheeked Briseis","body":"καλλιπάρῃος is Briseis' fixed epithet, \"fair-cheeked.\" The quiet closing image returns Achilles from the extraordinary encounter with Priam to the private life of his shelter."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρελέξατο","gloss":"beside him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Βρισηῒς","lemma":"Βρισηίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρελέξατο","gloss":"Briseis"},{"surface":"παρελέξατο","lemma":"παραλέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay beside"},{"surface":"καλλιπάρῃος","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Βρισηῒς","gloss":"fair-cheeked"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b24-l677","source":"ἄλλοι μέν ῥα θεοί τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἱπποκορυσταὶ","translation":"Now all the other gods, and the warriors who fight from chariots,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l677.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνέρες ἱπποκορυσταὶ","title":"Warriors who fight from chariots","body":"ἱπποκορυσταί is a compact martial description of men equipped for horse and chariot warfare. The fixed English expands the compound enough to keep its battlefield force clear."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"the others","note":"Plural ἄλλοι introduces all the other gods and men."},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἱπποκορυσταὶ","lemma":"ἱπποκορυστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"chariot-fighters"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b24-l678","source":"εὗδον παννύχιοι μαλακῷ δεδμημένοι ὕπνῳ·","translation":"slept through the night, subdued by gentle sleep;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗδον","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"παννύχιοι","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night","note":"παννύχιοι means lasting/sleeping through the whole night."},{"surface":"μαλακῷ","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνῳ","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"δεδμημένοι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εὗδον","gloss":"subdued"},{"surface":"ὕπνῳ","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεδμημένοι","gloss":"by sleep"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b24-l679","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐχ Ἑρμείαν ἐριούνιον ὕπνος ἔμαρπτεν","translation":"but sleep did not seize luck-bringing Hermes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l679.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἑρμείαν ἐριούνιον","title":"Luck-bringing Hermes","body":"ἐριούνιος is Hermes' standing title as a powerful bringer of good fortune. Here his favor takes practical form as he plans Priam's safe escape."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἑρμείαν","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμαρπτεν","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"ἐριούνιον","lemma":"ἐριούνιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑρμείαν","gloss":"luck-bringing"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμαρπτεν","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἔμαρπτεν","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized","note":"ἔμαρπτεν means sleep seized Hermes; οὐχ separately negates it."}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b24-l680","source":"ὁρμαίνοντʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ὅπως Πρίαμον βασιλῆα","translation":"as he pondered in his heart how he might send King Priam","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l680.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁρμαίνοντ","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἑρμείαν","gloss":"pondering"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκπέμψειε","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"Πρίαμον","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκπέμψειε","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμον","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b24-l681","source":"νηῶν ἐκπέμψειε λαθὼν ἱεροὺς πυλαωρούς.","translation":"out from the ships unseen by the sacred gate-watchers.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l681.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐκπέμψειε","title":"A plan in the optative","body":"ἐκπέμψειε is an optative in Hermes' indirect deliberative question: he considers how he might conduct Priam away from the ships. The mood preserves the open question within his pondering."}],"words":[{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκπέμψειε","gloss":"from the ships"},{"surface":"ἐκπέμψειε","lemma":"ἐκπέμπω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὁρμαίνοντ̓","gloss":"send out"},{"surface":"λαθὼν","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκπέμψειε","gloss":"unseen"},{"surface":"ἱεροὺς","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πυλαωρούς","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"πυλαωρούς","lemma":"πυλαωρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λαθὼν","gloss":"gatekeepers"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b24-l682","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"He stood above his head and spoke these words to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"ἄρα is the narrative particle 'then,' not a possessive."},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"head","note":"κεφαλῆς means 'head'; ownership is contextual, not lexical."},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"him","note":"μιν is the object pronoun 'him'; πρός separately supplies 'to.'"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"words","note":"μῦθον denotes the words/speech, without a possessive."},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b24-l683","source":"ὦ γέρον οὔ νύ τι σοί γε μέλει κακόν, οἷον ἔθʼ εὕδεις","translation":"\"Old man, you care nothing for danger, to sleep on like this","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"οὔ is the negator and does not mean 'you.'"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέλει","gloss":"indeed","note":"νύ is an emphatic particle here, not temporal 'then.'"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μέλει","gloss":"anything","note":"τι is the indefinite pronoun under negation."},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μέλει","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"γε is emphatic and is not a second negator."},{"surface":"μέλει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"matters"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of μέλει","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εὕδεις","gloss":"as you do","note":"οἷον introduces the manner/circumstance of Priam's continued sleep."},{"surface":"ἔθ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕδεις","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"εὕδεις","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μέλει","gloss":"you sleep"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b24-l684","source":"ἀνδράσιν ἐν δηΐοισιν, ἐπεί σʼ εἴασεν Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"among hostile men because Achilles let you be.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among men"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δηΐοισιν","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσιν","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴασεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εἴασεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴασεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b24-l685","source":"καὶ νῦν μὲν φίλον υἱὸν ἐλύσαο, πολλὰ δʼ ἔδωκας·","translation":"Now you have ransomed your dear son and given many gifts,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l685.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλύσαο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλύσαο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐλύσαο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ransomed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδωκας","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδωκας","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you gave","note":"ἔδωκας is second-person singular aorist."}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b24-l686","source":"σεῖο δέ κε ζωοῦ καὶ τρὶς τόσα δοῖεν ἄποινα","translation":"but for you alive they would give three times as much in ransom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l686.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καὶ τρὶς τόσα δοῖεν ἄποινα","title":"A potential ransom","body":"δοῖεν is an optative governed by κε earlier in the line, presenting what Priam's sons would give if he were discovered. The phrase τρὶς τόσα raises the imagined ransom to three times Hector's."}],"words":[{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"for you","note":"The genitive pronoun marks the person for whose life ransom would be paid."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ζωοῦ","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τόσα","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"τόσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"δοῖεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would give","note":"The optative with κε is potential, not a present possibility."},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δοῖεν","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b24-l687","source":"παῖδες τοὶ μετόπισθε λελειμμένοι, αἴ κʼ Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"your sons left behind, if Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δοῖεν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δοῖεν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μετόπισθε","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λελειμμένοι","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"λελειμμένοι","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should","note":"κεν supplies potential force in the condition and does not mean 'you.'"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γνώῃ","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b24-l688","source":"γνώῃ σʼ Ἀτρεΐδης, γνώωσι δὲ πάντες Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"the son of Atreus, should know you, and all the Achaeans know.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνώῃ","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"should recognize","note":"The subjunctive continues the conditional clause about Agamemnon."},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γνώῃ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"γνώωσι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"should recognize","note":"The subjunctive extends the condition to all the Achaeans."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"all","note":"πάντες modifies the Achaeans and does not mean 'all of you.'"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of γνώωσι","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b24-l689","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δʼ ὃ γέρων, κήρυκα δʼ ἀνίστη.","translation":"So he spoke; the old man feared, and roused the herald.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἔδεισεν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he feared"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδεισεν","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"κήρυκα","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνίστη","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνίστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b24-l690","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἑρμείας ζεῦξʼ ἵππους ἡμιόνους τε,","translation":"Hermes yoked the horses and mules for them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l690.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ζεῦξ̓","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ζεῦξ̓","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"ζεῦξ","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yoked"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνους","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b24-l691","source":"ῥίμφα δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτὸς ἔλαυνε κατὰ στρατόν, οὐδέ τις ἔγνω.","translation":"and swiftly drove them himself through the camp, and no one knew.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλαυνε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"ἄρα is the narrative particle and does not mean 'them.'"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἔλαυνε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρατόν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔγνω","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b24-l692","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πόρον ἷξον ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο","translation":"But when they reached the ford of the fair-flowing river,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἷξον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πόρον","lemma":"πόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἷξον","gloss":"the ford"},{"surface":"ἷξον","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"they reached"},{"surface":"ἐϋρρεῖος","lemma":"ἐυρρεής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"fair-flowing"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of the river"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b24-l693","source":"Ξάνθου δινήεντος, ὃν ἀθάνατος τέκετο Ζεύς,","translation":"eddying Xanthus, whom immortal Zeus begot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l693.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ξάνθου","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"δινήεντος","lemma":"δινήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ξάνθου","gloss":"eddying"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκετο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατος","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τέκετο","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ξάνθου","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέκετο","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b24-l694","source":"Ἑρμείας μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀπέβη πρὸς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον,","translation":"Hermes then departed for high Olympus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέβη","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"high","note":"μακρόν is the conventional description of lofty/high Olympus, not 'tall.'"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b24-l695","source":"Ἠὼς δὲ κροκόπεπλος ἐκίδνατο πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν,","translation":"and saffron-robed Dawn spread over all the earth.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l695.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἠὼς δὲ κροκόπεπλος","title":"Saffron-robed Dawn","body":"κροκόπεπλος pictures Dawn in a robe the yellow-orange color of saffron. This fixed epithet is kept distinct from Homer's rosy-fingered and early-born Dawn formulas."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκίδνατο","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κροκόπεπλος","lemma":"κροκόπεπλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠὼς","gloss":"saffron-robed"},{"surface":"ἐκίδνατο","lemma":"κίδναμαι","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶαν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"αἶαν","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"earth","note":"αἶαν means 'earth'; ἐπί separately supplies 'over.'"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b24-l696","source":"οἳ δʼ εἰς ἄστυ ἔλων οἰμωγῇ τε στοναχῇ τε","translation":"They drove the horses toward the city with wailing and groaning,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλων","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ἔλων","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"οἰμωγῇ","lemma":"οἰμωγή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with wailing","note":"The dative οἰμωγῇ expresses accompaniment/manner."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στοναχῇ","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with groaning","note":"The dative στοναχῇ expresses accompaniment/manner."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b24-l697","source":"ἵππους, ἡμίονοι δὲ νέκυν φέρον. οὐδέ τις ἄλλος","translation":"and the mules bore the corpse. No one else","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλων","gloss":"the horses","note":"ἵππους means horses; its gloss was swapped with ἡμίονοι."},{"surface":"ἡμίονοι","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"the mules","note":"ἡμίονοι is nominative plural, the subject bearing the corpse."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔγνω","gloss":"else"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b24-l698","source":"ἔγνω πρόσθʼ ἀνδρῶν καλλιζώνων τε γυναικῶν,","translation":"among the men and fair-girdled women saw them first,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw them"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγνω","gloss":"first","note":"πρόσθεν is temporal here: Cassandra saw them first."},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the men","note":"The genitive is partitive with 'first.'"},{"surface":"καλλιζώνων","lemma":"καλλίζωνος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναικῶν","gloss":"fair-girdled"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the women","note":"The coordinated genitive is partitive with 'first.'"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b24-l699","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄρα Κασσάνδρη ἰκέλη χρυσῇ Ἀφροδίτῃ","translation":"but Cassandra, like golden Aphrodite,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l699.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Κασσάνδρη","lemma":"Κασσάνδρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσενόησεν","gloss":"Cassandra"},{"surface":"ἰκέλη","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κασσάνδρη","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"χρυσῇ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτῃ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτῃ","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰκέλη","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b24-l700","source":"Πέργαμον εἰσαναβᾶσα φίλον πατέρʼ εἰσενόησεν","translation":"who had climbed Pergamus, caught sight of her dear father","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πέργαμον","lemma":"Πέργαμος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσαναβᾶσα","gloss":"Pergamus"},{"surface":"εἰσαναβᾶσα","lemma":"εἰσαναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἰσενόησεν","gloss":"having gone up"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέῤ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"εἰσενόησεν","lemma":"εἰσνοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught sight of"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b24-l701","source":"ἑσταότʼ ἐν δίφρῳ, κήρυκά τε ἀστυβοώτην·","translation":"standing in the chariot, and the herald whose voice summoned the city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l701.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κήρυκά τε ἀστυβοώτην","title":"The city-summoning herald","body":"ἀστυβοώτης describes the herald by the public reach of his voice: he can call an entire city to attention. The title suits Idaeus even though Cassandra, not the herald, raises the alarm here."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δίφρῳ","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"κήρυκά","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀστυβοώτην","lemma":"ἀστυβοώτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κήρυκά","gloss":"city-summoning"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b24-l702","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ἐφʼ ἡμιόνων ἴδε κείμενον ἐν λεχέεσσι·","translation":"Then she saw him lying on the bier borne by the mules,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνων","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐφ̓","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she saw"},{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"λεχέεσσι","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"bier"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b24-l703","source":"κώκυσέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα γέγωνέ τε πᾶν κατὰ ἄστυ·","translation":"and she wailed aloud and cried throughout the whole city:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κώκυσέν","lemma":"κωκύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"and she wailed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κώκυσέν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γέγωνέ","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried aloud"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the city"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b24-l704","source":"ὄψεσθε Τρῶες καὶ Τρῳάδες Ἕκτορʼ ἰόντες,","translation":"\"Go and look upon Hector, Trojan men and Trojan women,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψεσθε","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"look upon"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῳάδες","lemma":"Τρῳάς","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojan women"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄψεσθε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄψεσθε","gloss":"going","note":"The participle supplies the motion accompanying the command to look, not specifically approaching."}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b24-l705","source":"εἴ ποτε καὶ ζώοντι μάχης ἐκνοστήσαντι","translation":"if ever while he lived you rejoiced to see him returning","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to χαίρετ̓","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"you too"},{"surface":"ζώοντι","lemma":"ζῶ","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"while he lived"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκνοστήσαντι","gloss":"from battle"},{"surface":"ἐκνοστήσαντι","lemma":"ἐκνοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b24-l706","source":"χαίρετʼ, ἐπεὶ μέγα χάρμα πόλει τʼ ἦν παντί τε δήμῳ.","translation":"from battle, since he was a great joy to the city and all its people.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαίρετ","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you rejoiced"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies χάρμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"χάρμα","lemma":"χάρμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a joy"},{"surface":"πόλει","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he was"},{"surface":"παντί","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"to the people"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b24-l707","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδέ τις αὐτόθʼ ἐνὶ πτόλεϊ λίπετʼ ἀνὴρ","translation":"So she spoke, and no man remained there within the city,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l707.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"any","note":"In the negated clause τις qualifies ἀνήρ: no man at all remained."},{"surface":"αὐτόθ","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπετ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"πτόλεϊ","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"λίπετ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λίπετ̓","gloss":"the man"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b24-l708","source":"οὐδὲ γυνή· πάντας γὰρ ἀάσχετον ἵκετο πένθος·","translation":"nor any woman, for grief past bearing came upon them all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l708.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀάσχετον ἵκετο πένθος","title":"Grief past bearing","body":"ἀάσχετος describes something that cannot be checked or held back. The grief does not merely fill individual mourners; it sweeps the entire city toward the gates."}],"words":[{"surface":"γυνή","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a woman"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀάσχετον","lemma":"ἄσχετος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"uncontrollable"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came upon","note":"The aorist ἵκετο is past in this narrative context."},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκετο","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b24-l709","source":"ἀγχοῦ δὲ ξύμβληντο πυλάων νεκρὸν ἄγοντι.","translation":"Near the gates they met Priam bringing in the corpse.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l709.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξύμβληντο","gloss":"near, close"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξύμβληντο","lemma":"συμβάλλω","morphology":"plural","role":"main verb","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"πυλάων","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγχοῦ","gloss":"the gates"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγοντι","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἄγοντι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"object of ξύμβληντο","gloss":"bringing","note":"The participle describes Priam bringing the corpse to the city."}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b24-l710","source":"πρῶται τόν γʼ ἄλοχός τε φίλη καὶ πότνια μήτηρ","translation":"First his dear wife and queenly mother","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶται","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τιλλέσθην","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλοχός","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"his mother"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b24-l711","source":"τιλλέσθην ἐπʼ ἄμαξαν ἐΰτροχον ἀΐξασαι","translation":"rushed upon the well-wheeled wagon, tearing their hair,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l711.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τιλλέσθην","title":"Two mourners in the dual","body":"τιλλέσθην is dual, binding Andromache and Hecuba together as the first mourners at the wagon. Their tearing gesture belongs to the physical vocabulary of Homeric lament."}],"words":[{"surface":"τιλλέσθην","lemma":"τίλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tearing their hair"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἄμαξαν","lemma":"ἄμαξα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"wagon"},{"surface":"ἐΰτροχον","lemma":"εὔτροχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄμαξαν","gloss":"well-wheeled","note":"εὔτροχος describes the wagon as well-wheeled."},{"surface":"ἀΐξασαι","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to τιλλέσθην","gloss":"rushing","note":"The feminine plural participle describes the wife and mother rushing onto the wagon."}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b24-l712","source":"ἁπτόμεναι κεφαλῆς· κλαίων δʼ ἀμφίσταθʼ ὅμιλος.","translation":"and clung to his head, while the weeping crowd stood round.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l712.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁπτόμεναι","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to τιλλέσθην","gloss":"clung"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἁπτόμεναι","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"κλαίων","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφίσταθ̓","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφίσταθ","lemma":"ἀμφίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood around","note":"The verb has the singular crowd as its subject."},{"surface":"ὅμιλος","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφίσταθ̓","gloss":"the crowd","note":"ὅμιλος is the subject, the crowd, not an adverbial phrase."}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b24-l713","source":"καί νύ κε δὴ πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα","translation":"And for the whole day until the sun went down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l713.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδύροντο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and now"},{"surface":"πρόπαν","lemma":"πρόπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὀδύροντο","gloss":"the day"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἥλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντα","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἠέλιον","gloss":"went down"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b24-l714","source":"Ἕκτορα δάκρυ χέοντες ὀδύροντο πρὸ πυλάων,","translation":"they would have mourned Hector before the gates, shedding tears,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l714.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀδύροντο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέοντες","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέοντες","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀδύροντο","gloss":"shedding","note":"The present participle describes them shedding tears while mourning."},{"surface":"ὀδύροντο","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have mourned"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πυλάων","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"the gates"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b24-l715","source":"εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ἐκ δίφροιο γέρων λαοῖσι μετηύδα·","translation":"had the old man not addressed the people from the chariot:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l715.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if","note":"εἰ begins the counterfactual exception εἰ μή, 'if not.'"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"ἄρα is a connective particle and does not itself mean 'were not.'"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δίφροιο","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετηύδα","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"λαοῖσι","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b24-l716","source":"εἴξατέ μοι οὐρεῦσι διελθέμεν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"\"Give way for me to pass through with the mules; afterward","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l716.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴξατέ","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give way"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἴξατέ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"οὐρεῦσι","lemma":"ὀρεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἴξατέ","gloss":"for the mules","note":"The dative marks those for whom the crowd is to make way."},{"surface":"διελθέμεν","lemma":"διέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of εἴξατέ","gloss":"to pass through","note":"The infinitive depends on the command to give way."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄσεσθε","gloss":"afterward"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b24-l717","source":"ἄσεσθε κλαυθμοῖο, ἐπὴν ἀγάγωμι δόμον δέ.","translation":"you shall have your fill of weeping, when I have brought him home.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l717.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄσεσθε","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have your fill"},{"surface":"κλαυθμοῖο","lemma":"κλαυθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄσεσθε","gloss":"lamentation"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀγάγωμι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"I have brought"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγάγωμι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"-ward"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b24-l718","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ διέστησαν καὶ εἶξαν ἀπήνῃ.","translation":"So he spoke, and they drew apart and yielded to the wagon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l718.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διέστησαν","lemma":"διίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew apart","note":"The aorist is the finite narrative verb, not a participle."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶξαν","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yielded","note":"The aorist describes what the crowd did for the wagon."},{"surface":"ἀπήνῃ","lemma":"ἀπήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἶξαν","gloss":"wagon"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b24-l719","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ εἰσάγαγον κλυτὰ δώματα, τὸν μὲν ἔπειτα","translation":"When they had brought him into the renowned halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσάγαγον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εἰσάγαγον","lemma":"εἰσάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had brought him"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰσάγαγον","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέσαν","gloss":"then","note":"ἔπειτα means 'then,' with no pronominal object."}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b24-l720","source":"τρητοῖς ἐν λεχέεσσι θέσαν, παρὰ δʼ εἷσαν ἀοιδοὺς","translation":"they laid him upon a corded bed and seated singers beside him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l720.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρητοῖς","lemma":"τρητός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λεχέεσσι","gloss":"corded"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"λεχέεσσι","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had laid"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἷσαν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set"},{"surface":"ἀοιδοὺς","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"singers"}]},{"number":721,"label":"721","id":"b24-l721","source":"θρήνων ἐξάρχους, οἵ τε στονόεσσαν ἀοιδὴν","translation":"leaders of lament, who began the sorrowful song;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l721.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θρήνων","lemma":"θρῆνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐξάρχους","gloss":"dirges"},{"surface":"ἐξάρχους","lemma":"ἔξαρχος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στονόεσσαν","lemma":"στονόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὴν","gloss":"sorrowful","note":"στονόεις modifies ἀοιδή and means sorrowful or mournful."},{"surface":"ἀοιδὴν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"song","note":"ἀοιδή is the song; the action of beginning comes from the surrounding verbs."}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b24-l722","source":"οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐθρήνεον, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γυναῖκες.","translation":"they sang the dirge, and the women wailed in answer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l722.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθρήνεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐθρήνεον","lemma":"θρηνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"sang laments"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in answer","note":"ἐπί marks the women's responsive wailing here."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στενάχοντο","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were groaning"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of στενάχοντο","gloss":"the women"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b24-l723","source":"τῇσιν δʼ Ἀνδρομάχη λευκώλενος ἦρχε γόοιο","translation":"Among them white-armed Andromache led the lament,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l723.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀνδρομάχη λευκώλενος","title":"White-armed Andromache","body":"λευκώλενος is Andromache's fixed epithet, \"white-armed.\" Its familiar beauty stands against the violent title given to Hector in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀνδρομάχη","lemma":"Ἀνδρομάχη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Andromache"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀνδρομάχη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b24-l724","source":"Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο κάρη μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχουσα·","translation":"holding man-slaying Hector's head between her hands:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l724.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κάρη","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνοιο","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"man-slaying"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσα","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχουσα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":725,"label":"725","id":"b24-l725","source":"ἆνερ ἀπʼ αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο, κὰδ δέ με χήρην","translation":"\"Husband, you have perished young from life, and leave me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l725.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆνερ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αἰῶνος","lemma":"αἰών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"νέος","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ὤλεο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"behind","note":"κατά compounded in sense with λείπεις: Hector leaves her behind."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of λείπεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χήρην","lemma":"χήρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a widow"}]},{"number":726,"label":"726","id":"b24-l726","source":"λείπεις ἐν μεγάροισι· πάϊς δʼ ἔτι νήπιος αὔτως","translation":"a widow in the halls. Our child is still only an infant,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l726.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λείπεις","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you leave"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the child"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"an infant"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"merely","note":"αὔτως emphasizes that the child is still a mere infant, not that he is 'in vain.'"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b24-l727","source":"ὃν τέκομεν σύ τʼ ἐγώ τε δυσάμμοροι, οὐδέ μιν οἴω","translation":"the son whom you and I, ill-fated both, brought forth, and I do not think","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l727.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δυσάμμοροι","title":"Ill-fated together","body":"The plural δυσάμμοροι joins Andromache and Hector as sharers in a grievous fate. Even as she addresses the dead, she keeps their parenthood grammatically and emotionally paired."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκομεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τέκομεν","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πάϊς","gloss":"we begot"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δυσάμμοροι","lemma":"δυσάμμορος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"ill-fated"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵξεσθαι","gloss":"him","note":"μιν refers to their son; it cannot mean 'the river.'"},{"surface":"οἴω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":728,"label":"728","id":"b24-l728","source":"ἥβην ἵξεσθαι· πρὶν γὰρ πόλις ἥδε κατʼ ἄκρης","translation":"he will reach young manhood. Before then this city, from its height,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l728.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατʼ ἄκρης","title":"From the height downward","body":"κατʼ ἄκρης is an idiom for utter destruction, picturing a city taken from its highest point down. Andromache's prediction allows no partial survival for Troy."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥβην","lemma":"ἥβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵξεσθαι","gloss":"youth"},{"surface":"ἵξεσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of οἴω","gloss":"will reach"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέρσεται","gloss":"before then"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for","note":"γάρ introduces the reason she expects the child not to reach manhood."},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέρσεται","gloss":"the city","note":"πόλις is the subject of 'will be sacked.'"},{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἄκρης","lemma":"ἄκρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"the height"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b24-l729","source":"πέρσεται· ἦ γὰρ ὄλωλας ἐπίσκοπος, ὅς τέ μιν αὐτὴν","translation":"will be sacked, for you are dead, its defender, you who guarded","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l729.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέρσεται","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be sacked","note":"The future passive supplies the complete prediction about the city."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely","note":"ἦ is an asseverative particle here, not disjunctive 'or.'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὄλωλας","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are dead"},{"surface":"ἐπίσκοπος","lemma":"ἐπίσκοπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄλωλας","gloss":"defender"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥύσκευ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ῥύσκευ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"itself","note":"αὐτήν intensifies the city pronoun μιν; the guarding sense belongs to ῥύσκευ on the next line."}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b24-l730","source":"ῥύσκευ, ἔχες δʼ ἀλόχους κεδνὰς καὶ νήπια τέκνα,","translation":"the city itself and kept safe its faithful wives and infant children.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥύσκευ","lemma":"ῥύσκομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐπίσκοπος","gloss":"you protected","note":"ῥύσκευ continues the relative clause: Hector used to protect the city itself."},{"surface":"ἔχες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept safe"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλόχους","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"κεδνὰς","lemma":"κεδνός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχους","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήπια","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"infant"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the children"}]},{"number":731,"label":"731","id":"b24-l731","source":"αἳ δή τοι τάχα νηυσὶν ὀχήσονται γλαφυρῇσι,","translation":"Soon now they will be carried away in the hollow ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l731.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀχήσονται","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely","note":"Enclitic τοι is an emphatic particle here, not an article."},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀχήσονται","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὀχήσονται","gloss":"in ships","note":"The dative marks the conveyance in which the women and children will be carried."},{"surface":"ὀχήσονται","lemma":"ὀχέω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"will be carried","note":"The future middle is future in this prediction."},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσι","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"hollow"}]},{"number":732,"label":"732","id":"b24-l732","source":"καὶ μὲν ἐγὼ μετὰ τῇσι· σὺ δʼ αὖ τέκος ἢ ἐμοὶ αὐτῇ","translation":"and I among them. And you, my child, will either follow me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l732.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among","note":"The preposition and its following pronoun should not both absorb the full phrase."},{"surface":"τῇσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕψεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn","note":"αὖ marks the renewed turn to Astyanax."},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἕψεαι","gloss":"with me","note":"The dative belongs with ἕψεαι: the child will follow with his mother."},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"myself","note":"The intensive pronoun agrees with the female speaker, 'me myself.'"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b24-l733","source":"ἕψεαι, ἔνθά κεν ἔργα ἀεικέα ἐργάζοιο","translation":"to labor there at degrading tasks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l733.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔνθά κεν ἔργα ἀεικέα ἐργάζοιο","title":"A feared future in the optative","body":"ἐργάζοιο is an optative with κεν, presenting the labor Astyanax might be forced to perform in captivity. The repeated root in ἔργα ... ἐργάζοιο presses the work itself into the line."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἕψεαι","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will follow","note":"ἕψεαι is the future of ἕπομαι and governs the alternative introduced in the preceding line."},{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐργάζοιο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might","note":"κεν is the modal particle governing the optative ἐργάζοιο, not a pronoun."},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐργάζοιο","gloss":"tasks"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"ἐργάζοιο","lemma":"ἐργάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἕψεαι","gloss":"you might perform","note":"The second-person optative describes the degrading tasks the child might perform."}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b24-l734","source":"ἀθλεύων πρὸ ἄνακτος ἀμειλίχου, ἤ τις Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"toiling for a pitiless master, or some Achaean","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l734.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθλεύων","lemma":"ἀθλεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐργάζοιο","gloss":"toiling"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀμειλίχου","lemma":"ἀμείλιχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"unrelenting"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥίψει","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b24-l735","source":"ῥίψει χειρὸς ἑλὼν ἀπὸ πύργου λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον","translation":"will seize your hand and hurl you from the tower to a wretched death,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l735.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίψει","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hurl"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"by the hand","note":"The genitive marks the part by which the child is seized."},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥίψει","gloss":"having seized"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πύργου","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the tower"},{"surface":"λυγρὸν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b24-l736","source":"χωόμενος, ᾧ δή που ἀδελφεὸν ἔκτανεν Ἕκτωρ","translation":"in anger because Hector killed his brother, perhaps,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥίψει","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔκτανεν","gloss":"whose","note":"The dative relative identifies the angry Achaean whose brother Hector killed."},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἀδελφεὸν","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"his brother"},{"surface":"ἔκτανεν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τις","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκτανεν","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b24-l737","source":"ἢ πατέρʼ ἠὲ καὶ υἱόν, ἐπεὶ μάλα πολλοὶ Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"or his father or even his son, since very many Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l737.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"his son"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕλον","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολλοὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b24-l738","source":"Ἕκτορος ἐν παλάμῃσιν ὀδὰξ ἕλον ἄσπετον οὖδας.","translation":"beneath Hector's hands bit the measureless earth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l738.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀδὰξ ἕλον ἄσπετον οὖδας","title":"They bit the earth","body":"The idiom says Hector's victims took the boundless ground in their teeth. It makes battlefield death bodily and explains the imagined vengeance against Hector's child."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παλάμῃσιν","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσιν","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὀδὰξ","lemma":"ὀδάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλον","gloss":"with their teeth"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"ἄσπετον","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies οὖδας","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"οὖδας","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"the ground"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b24-l739","source":"οὐ γὰρ μείλιχος ἔσκε πατὴρ τεὸς ἐν δαῒ λυγρῇ·","translation":"For your father was not gentle in grievous battle;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μείλιχος","lemma":"μείλιχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσκε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"τεὸς","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δαῒ","lemma":"δάις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"λυγρῇ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῒ","gloss":"grim"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b24-l740","source":"τὼ καί μιν λαοὶ μὲν ὀδύρονται κατὰ ἄστυ,","translation":"therefore you have left the people mourning you throughout the city,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l740.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀδύρονται","gloss":"him","note":"μιν refers to Hector, not an inanimate object."},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀδύρονται","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀδύρονται","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mourn you"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the city"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b24-l741","source":"ἀρητὸν δὲ τοκεῦσι γόον καὶ πένθος ἔθηκας","translation":"and laid grievous lament and sorrow upon his parents,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l741.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρητὸν","lemma":"ἀρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόον","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοκεῦσι","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκας","gloss":"parents"},{"surface":"γόον","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sorrow","note":"πένθος is the second direct object of ἔθηκας, not an instrumental phrase."},{"surface":"ἔθηκας","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you caused","note":"In context ἔθηκας means Hector caused lament and sorrow for his parents."}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b24-l742","source":"Ἕκτορ· ἐμοὶ δὲ μάλιστα λελείψεται ἄλγεα λυγρά.","translation":"Hector; but for me above all grim sorrows will remain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to λελείψεται","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"λελείψεται","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"future perfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will remain"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λελείψεται","gloss":"woes"},{"surface":"λυγρά","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"grim"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b24-l743","source":"οὐ γάρ μοι θνῄσκων λεχέων ἐκ χεῖρας ὄρεξας,","translation":"For as you died you did not reach your hands out to me from the bed,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"did not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for","note":"γάρ introduces the explanation for Andromache's especial grief."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὄρεξας","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"θνῄσκων","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄρεξας","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"λεχέων","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out from"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὄρεξας","gloss":"the hands"},{"surface":"ὄρεξας","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you reached out","note":"The aorist has Hector as its second-person subject."}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b24-l744","source":"οὐδέ τί μοι εἶπες πυκινὸν ἔπος, οὗ τέ κεν αἰεὶ","translation":"nor speak to me some close-knit word that I might always","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l744.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἶπες","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"εἶπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said","note":"The aorist refers to the word Hector did not say before death."},{"surface":"πυκινὸν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"wise","note":"πυκινόν describes a thoughtful or wise final word in this context."},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἶπες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of μεμνῄμην","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμνῄμην","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b24-l745","source":"μεμνῄμην νύκτάς τε καὶ ἤματα δάκρυ χέουσα.","translation":"remember night and day as I shed tears.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l745.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεμνῄμην","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔπος","gloss":"I might remember"},{"surface":"νύκτάς","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"nights","note":"νύκτας is accusative plural, paired with 'days.'"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέουσα","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέουσα","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μεμνῄμην","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b24-l746","source":"ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γυναῖκες.","translation":"So she spoke, weeping, and the women groaned around her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l746.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"κλαίουσ","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στενάχοντο","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of στενάχοντο","gloss":"the women"}]},{"number":747,"label":"747","id":"b24-l747","source":"τῇσιν δʼ αὖθʼ Ἑκάβη ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο·","translation":"Then Hecuba in turn led the piercing lament among them:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l747.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο","title":"Leading the piercing lament","body":"ἐξῆρχε marks Hecuba as the one who begins and leads this turn of the formal lament. ἁδινός gives the mourning a piercing, concentrated force."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἑκάβη","lemma":"Ἑκάβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"Hecuba"},{"surface":"ἁδινοῦ","lemma":"ἀδινός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόοιο","gloss":"piercing"},{"surface":"ἐξῆρχε","lemma":"ἐξάρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":748,"label":"748","id":"b24-l748","source":"Ἕκτορ ἐμῷ θυμῷ πάντων πολὺ φίλτατε παίδων,","translation":"\"Hector, dearest by far to my heart of all my children,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l748.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φίλτατε","gloss":"in my heart","note":"The dative θυμῷ expresses where Hector is dearest."},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παίδων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"φίλτατε","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορ","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"παίδων","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλτατε","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":749,"label":"749","id":"b24-l749","source":"ἦ μέν μοι ζωός περ ἐὼν φίλος ἦσθα θεοῖσιν·","translation":"truly, even while you lived, you were dear to the gods;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l749.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦσθα","gloss":"to me","note":"The dative pronoun marks Hecuba's personal relation to Hector."},{"surface":"ζωός","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦσθα","gloss":"being","note":"The present participle belongs with ζωός περ: even while being alive."},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear to"},{"surface":"ἦσθα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you were"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦσθα","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":750,"label":"750","id":"b24-l750","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄρα σεῦ κήδοντο καὶ ἐν θανάτοιό περ αἴσῃ.","translation":"and so they cared for you even in the fate of death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l750.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κήδοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κήδοντο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κήδοντο","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cared"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θανάτοιό","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἴσῃ","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αἴσῃ","lemma":"Αἶσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"fate"}]},{"number":751,"label":"751","id":"b24-l751","source":"ἄλλους μὲν γὰρ παῖδας ἐμοὺς πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"For the other sons of mine swift-footed Achilles","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l751.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδας","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"παῖδας","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πέρνασχ̓","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἐμοὺς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδας","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκὺς","gloss":"in feet","note":"πόδας is an accusative of respect with ὠκύς, together meaning swift-footed."},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέρνασχ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":752,"label":"752","id":"b24-l752","source":"πέρνασχʼ ὅν τινʼ ἕλεσκε πέρην ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο,","translation":"would sell whenever he captured one, beyond the barren sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l752.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέρνασχ","lemma":"πέρνημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would sell"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλεσκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἕλεσκε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing παῖδας","gloss":"he took"},{"surface":"πέρην","lemma":"πέραν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέρην","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἀτρυγέτοιο","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"barren"}]},{"number":753,"label":"753","id":"b24-l753","source":"ἐς Σάμον ἔς τʼ Ἴμβρον καὶ Λῆμνον ἀμιχθαλόεσσαν·","translation":"to Samos and Imbros and smoke-wreathed Lemnos;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l753.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Λῆμνον ἀμιχθαλόεσσαν","title":"Smoke-wreathed Lemnos","body":"ἀμιχθαλόεσσα pictures Lemnos under a smoky or misty haze. The island is one of the overseas markets to which Achilles sold Priam's captured sons."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Σάμον","lemma":"σάμος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Samos"},{"surface":"ἔς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἴμβρον","lemma":"Ἴμβρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔς","gloss":"Imbros"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λῆμνον","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"ἀμιχθαλόεσσαν","lemma":"ἀμιχθαλόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λῆμνον","gloss":"smoke-wreathed"}]},{"number":754,"label":"754","id":"b24-l754","source":"σεῦ δʼ ἐπεὶ ἐξέλετο ψυχὴν ταναήκεϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"but after he took your life with long-edged bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l754.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξέλετο","gloss":"from you","note":"The genitive marks the person from whom Achilles took the life."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἐξέλετο","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"took away","note":"ἐξέλετο means he took the life away from Hector."},{"surface":"ψυχὴν","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξέλετο","gloss":"life","note":"The possessive relation is supplied by the separate genitive σεῦ."},{"surface":"ταναήκεϊ","lemma":"ταναήκης","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"long-edged"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξέλετο","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":755,"label":"755","id":"b24-l755","source":"πολλὰ ῥυστάζεσκεν ἑοῦ περὶ σῆμʼ ἑτάροιο","translation":"he dragged you again and again around the tomb of his companion","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l755.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ῥυστάζεσκεν","gloss":"again and again"},{"surface":"ῥυστάζεσκεν","lemma":"ῥυστάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept dragging"},{"surface":"ἑοῦ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροιο","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"σῆμ","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"tomb"},{"surface":"ἑτάροιο","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":756,"label":"756","id":"b24-l756","source":"Πατρόκλου, τὸν ἔπεφνες· ἀνέστησεν δέ μιν οὐδʼ ὧς.","translation":"Patroclus, whom you slew; yet not even so did he raise him up.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l756.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλου","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπεφνες","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνες","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πατρόκλου","gloss":"you killed","note":"The second-person aorist has Hector as subject."},{"surface":"ἀνέστησεν","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised","note":"The aorist is past and refers to raising Patroclus from death."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέστησεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστησεν","gloss":"even so"}]},{"number":757,"label":"757","id":"b24-l757","source":"νῦν δέ μοι ἑρσήεις καὶ πρόσφατος ἐν μεγάροισι","translation":"But now you lie for me in the halls, dewy and freshly slain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l757.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑρσήεις καὶ πρόσφατος","title":"Dewy and freshly slain","body":"ἑρσήεις likens Hector's preserved body to something fresh with dew, while πρόσφατος says that he looks newly slain. The description presents the corpse as undamaged before Hecuba compares it to a victim of Apollo's gentle arrows."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖσαι","gloss":"now","note":"νῦν is simply temporal here."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κεῖσαι","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἑρσήεις","lemma":"ἑρσήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dewy"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόσφατος","lemma":"πρόσφατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"freshly slain"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls"}]},{"number":758,"label":"758","id":"b24-l758","source":"κεῖσαι, τῷ ἴκελος ὅν τʼ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"like one whom Apollo of the silver bow","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l758.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσαι","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you lie"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴκελος","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἴκελος","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέπεφνεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξος","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"silver-bowed"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέπεφνεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":759,"label":"759","id":"b24-l759","source":"οἷς ἀγανοῖσι βέλεσσιν ἐποιχόμενος κατέπεφνεν.","translation":"has come upon and killed with his gentle shafts.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l759.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλεσσιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἀγανοῖσι","lemma":"ἀγανός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλεσσιν","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"βέλεσσιν","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐποιχόμενος","gloss":"arrows"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενος","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέπεφνεν","gloss":"coming upon","note":"The participle describes Apollo coming upon the unnamed victim, not specifically 'you.'"},{"surface":"κατέπεφνεν","lemma":"κατέπεφνον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῷ","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":760,"label":"760","id":"b24-l760","source":"ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσα, γόον δʼ ἀλίαστον ὄρινε.","translation":"So she spoke, weeping, and stirred unending lament.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l760.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"κλαίουσα","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"γόον","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλίαστον","lemma":"ἀλίαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόον","gloss":"unceasing","note":"ἀλίαστος describes lament that does not cease."},{"surface":"ὄρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":761,"label":"761","id":"b24-l761","source":"τῇσι δʼ ἔπειθʼ Ἑλένη τριτάτη ἐξῆρχε γόοιο·","translation":"Then Helen, the third among them, led the lament:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l761.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἑλένη","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"Helen"},{"surface":"τριτάτη","lemma":"τρίτατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"ἐξῆρχε","lemma":"ἐξάρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξῆρχε","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":762,"label":"762","id":"b24-l762","source":"Ἕκτορ ἐμῷ θυμῷ δαέρων πολὺ φίλτατε πάντων,","translation":"\"Hector, dearest by far to my heart of all my brothers-in-law,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l762.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φίλτατε","gloss":"in my heart"},{"surface":"δαέρων","lemma":"δαήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλτατε","gloss":"brothers-in-law","note":"The genitive plural denotes all Helen's brothers-in-law."},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"φίλτατε","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορ","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δαέρων","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":763,"label":"763","id":"b24-l763","source":"ἦ μέν μοι πόσις ἐστὶν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδής,","translation":"truly my husband is godlike Paris,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l763.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Ἀλέξανδρος","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλέξανδρος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":764,"label":"764","id":"b24-l764","source":"ὅς μʼ ἄγαγε Τροίηνδʼ· ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλον ὀλέσθαι.","translation":"who brought me to Troy; I wish I had died before that.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l764.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄγαγε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγαγε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀλέξανδρος","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"Τροίηνδ","lemma":"Τροίανδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγαγε","gloss":"to Troy"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"before that"},{"surface":"ὤφελλον","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I wish","note":"With the infinitive, ὤφελλον expresses Helen's unfulfilled wish."},{"surface":"ὀλέσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὤφελλον","gloss":"to have died","note":"The infinitive refers to Helen herself, not to Hector."}]},{"number":765,"label":"765","id":"b24-l765","source":"ἤδη γὰρ νῦν μοι τόδε εἰκοστὸν ἔτος ἐστὶν","translation":"For this is now the twentieth year for me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l765.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶν","gloss":"now","note":"νῦν supplies the temporal 'now' without a preposition."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔτος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰκοστὸν","lemma":"εἰκοστός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"twentieth"},{"surface":"ἔτος","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":766,"label":"766","id":"b24-l766","source":"ἐξ οὗ κεῖθεν ἔβην καὶ ἐμῆς ἀπελήλυθα πάτρης·","translation":"since I went from there and departed from my native land;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l766.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"since","note":"Together with ἐξ, οὗ introduces the time since Helen left home."},{"surface":"κεῖθεν","lemma":"ἐκεῖθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔβην","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"ἔβην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πάτρης","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀπελήλυθα","lemma":"ἀπέρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπελήλυθα","gloss":"homeland"}]},{"number":767,"label":"767","id":"b24-l767","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ πω σεῦ ἄκουσα κακὸν ἔπος οὐδʼ ἀσύφηλον·","translation":"yet never have I heard from you an evil or insulting word.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l767.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἄκουσα","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄκουσα","gloss":"from you","note":"The genitive pronoun marks the source from whom she never heard such a word."},{"surface":"ἄκουσα","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have heard"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δ̓","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄκουσα","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀσύφηλον","lemma":"ἀσύφηλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δ̓","gloss":"insulting","note":"ἀσύφηλον is an adjective modifying ἔπος, not an adverb."}]},{"number":768,"label":"768","id":"b24-l768","source":"ἀλλʼ εἴ τίς με καὶ ἄλλος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἐνίπτοι","translation":"But if anyone else rebuked me in the halls,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l768.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνίπτοι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἐνίπτοι","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"rebuked"}]},{"number":769,"label":"769","id":"b24-l769","source":"δαέρων ἢ γαλόων ἢ εἰνατέρων εὐπέπλων,","translation":"one of my husband's brothers or sisters, or their fine-robed wives,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l769.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαέρων ἢ γαλόων ἢ εἰνατέρων","title":"The in-laws of Priam's house","body":"The three kinship terms are exact: δαήρ is a husband's brother, γάλως a husband's sister, and εἰνάτηρ a husband's brother's wife. Helen surveys the household members who might reproach her."}],"words":[{"surface":"δαέρων","lemma":"δαήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"brothers-in-law","note":"The genitive plural names Helen's husband's brothers."},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"γαλόων","lemma":"γάλοως","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"sisters-in-law","note":"γαλόων denotes a husband's sisters in this kinship list."},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"εἰνατέρων","lemma":"εἰνάτερες","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"brothers' wives"},{"surface":"εὐπέπλων","lemma":"εὔπεπλος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies εἰνατέρων","gloss":"fair-robed"}]},{"number":770,"label":"770","id":"b24-l770","source":"ἢ ἑκυρή, ἑκυρὸς δὲ πατὴρ ὣς ἤπιος αἰεί,","translation":"or my mother-in-law—for my father-in-law was always gentle as a father—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l770.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἑκυρή","lemma":"ἑκυρά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"mother-in-law"},{"surface":"ἑκυρὸς","lemma":"ἑκυρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"father-in-law"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a father","note":"πατήρ is the standard of comparison, not Helen's literal father."},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἤπιος","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":771,"label":"771","id":"b24-l771","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ τὸν ἐπέεσσι παραιφάμενος κατέρυκες","translation":"you would turn that person back, persuading them with words,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l771.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"ἀλλά continues the contrast: others rebuked her, but Hector restrained them."},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέρυκες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέρυκες","gloss":"that person"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παραιφάμενος","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"παραιφάμενος","lemma":"παράφημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέρυκες","gloss":"persuading","note":"The participle describes Hector persuading the offender with words."},{"surface":"κατέρυκες","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would restrain","note":"The imperfect describes Hector's habitual response during the past twenty years."}]},{"number":772,"label":"772","id":"b24-l772","source":"σῇ τʼ ἀγανοφροσύνῃ καὶ σοῖς ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσι.","translation":"by your own gentleness and your gentle words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l772.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σῇ τʼ ἀγανοφροσύνῃ καὶ σοῖς ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσι","title":"Gentleness in heart and speech","body":"ἀγανοφροσύνη is Hector's mildness of disposition, matched by ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσι, his gentle words. The repeated root makes kindness both an inward quality and an outward act."}],"words":[{"surface":"σῇ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγανοφροσύνῃ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγανοφροσύνῃ","lemma":"ἀγανοφροσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"gentleness"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σοῖς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἀγανοῖς","lemma":"ἀγανός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"by words"}]},{"number":773,"label":"773","id":"b24-l773","source":"τὼ σέ θʼ ἅμα κλαίω καὶ ἔμʼ ἄμμορον ἀχνυμένη κῆρ·","translation":"Therefore I weep at once for you and for my luckless self, grieving at heart;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l773.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαίω","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"κλαίω","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I mourn"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄμμορον","lemma":"ἄμμορος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔμ̓","gloss":"luckless","note":"ἄμμορος means deprived of one's share or luckless, matching Helen's self-description."},{"surface":"ἀχνυμένη","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κλαίω","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀχνυμένη","gloss":"at heart"}]},{"number":774,"label":"774","id":"b24-l774","source":"οὐ γάρ τίς μοι ἔτʼ ἄλλος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ εὐρείῃ","translation":"for no one else remains for me in broad Troy","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l774.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"εὐρείῃ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίῃ","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":775,"label":"775","id":"b24-l775","source":"ἤπιος οὐδὲ φίλος, πάντες δέ με πεφρίκασιν.","translation":"who is gentle or dear; they all shudder at me.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l775.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤπιος","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πεφρίκασιν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πεφρίκασιν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πεφρίκασιν","lemma":"φρίσσω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shudder"}]},{"number":776,"label":"776","id":"b24-l776","source":"ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἔστενε δῆμος ἀπείρων.","translation":"So she spoke, weeping, and the boundless people groaned around her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l776.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δῆμος ἀπείρων","title":"The boundless people","body":"ἀπείρων makes the gathered people seem beyond counting. Helen's private loss opens outward into the grief of the whole Trojan community."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"κλαίουσ","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστενε","lemma":"στένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"δῆμος","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστενε","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ἀπείρων","lemma":"ἀπείρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμος","gloss":"boundless"}]},{"number":777,"label":"777","id":"b24-l777","source":"λαοῖσιν δʼ ὃ γέρων Πρίαμος μετὰ μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"Then old Priam spoke his word among the people:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l777.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοῖσιν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"among the people","note":"The dative gives the audience among whom Priam speaks."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"the word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":778,"label":"778","id":"b24-l778","source":"ἄξετε νῦν Τρῶες ξύλα ἄστυ δέ, μὴ δέ τι θυμῷ","translation":"\"Trojans, now bring wood to the city, and do not in your hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l778.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄξετε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄξετε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans","note":"The noun is vocative, directly addressing the Trojans."},{"surface":"ξύλα","lemma":"ξύλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄξετε","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄξετε","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"-ward"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δείσητ̓","gloss":"anything","note":"τι is the indefinite object within the prohibition, not the negator."},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δείσητ̓","gloss":"in your hearts"}]},{"number":779,"label":"779","id":"b24-l779","source":"δείσητʼ Ἀργείων πυκινὸν λόχον· ἦ γὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"fear a close-set ambush of the Argives; for Achilles,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l779.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείσητ","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λόχον","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"πυκινὸν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λόχον","gloss":"close-packed"},{"surface":"λόχον","lemma":"λόχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δείσητ̓","gloss":"ambush","note":"λόχον is the direct object of 'fear,' with no prepositional sense."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely","note":"ἦ is asseverative here, introducing Priam's assurance about Achilles."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":780,"label":"780","id":"b24-l780","source":"πέμπων μʼ ὧδʼ ἐπέτελλε μελαινάων ἀπὸ νηῶν","translation":"when he sent me here from the black ships, commanded","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l780.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμπων","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"sending"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμπων","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλε","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave charge"},{"surface":"μελαινάων","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"ships","note":"The preceding ἀπό already supplies 'from.'"}]},{"number":781,"label":"781","id":"b24-l781","source":"μὴ πρὶν πημανέειν πρὶν δωδεκάτη μόλῃ ἠώς.","translation":"that they would do no harm before the twelfth Dawn came.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l781.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μὴ πρὶν πημανέειν πρὶν δωδεκάτη μόλῃ ἠώς","title":"Not before the twelfth Dawn","body":"The paired πρίν phrases set a firm boundary: no attack before the twelfth Dawn arrives. μόλῃ is subjunctive because the arrival is still anticipated."}],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"μή negates Achilles' promised action; it is not a pronoun."},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πημανέειν","gloss":"before that"},{"surface":"πημανέειν","lemma":"πημαίνω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"do harm"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δωδεκάτη","lemma":"δωδέκατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠώς","gloss":"the twelfth"},{"surface":"μόλῃ","lemma":"βλώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μόλῃ","gloss":"dawn"}]},{"number":782,"label":"782","id":"b24-l782","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ὑπʼ ἀμάξῃσιν βόας ἡμιόνους τε","translation":"So he spoke, and beneath the wagons the oxen and mules","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l782.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ζεύγνυσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἀμάξῃσιν","lemma":"ἄμαξα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"wagons"},{"surface":"βόας","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"oxen","note":"βόας specifically denotes oxen in the team."},{"surface":"ἡμιόνους","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":783,"label":"783","id":"b24-l783","source":"ζεύγνυσαν, αἶψα δʼ ἔπειτα πρὸ ἄστεος ἠγερέθοντο.","translation":"were yoked; then they swiftly gathered before the city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l783.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζεύγνυσαν","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yoked"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠγερέθοντο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠγερέθοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἄστεος","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἠγερέθοντο","lemma":"ἠγερέθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":784,"label":"784","id":"b24-l784","source":"ἐννῆμαρ μὲν τοί γε ἀγίνεον ἄσπετον ὕλην·","translation":"For nine days they brought in measureless timber;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l784.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννῆμαρ","lemma":"ἐννῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγίνεον","gloss":"for nine days"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγίνεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"γε is emphatic here, not temporal 'in turn.'"},{"surface":"ἀγίνεον","lemma":"ἀγινέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought in"},{"surface":"ἄσπετον","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλην","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγίνεον","gloss":"timber","note":"ὕλη denotes the wood being gathered for the pyre, not the standing forest."}]},{"number":785,"label":"785","id":"b24-l785","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ δεκάτη ἐφάνη φαεσίμβροτος ἠώς,","translation":"but when light-bringing Dawn appeared on the tenth day,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l785.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φαεσίμβροτος ἠώς","title":"Dawn who brings light to mortals","body":"φαεσίμβροτος is a compact epithet built from light and mortals. It marks the tenth Dawn, when Hector is burned after nine days of wood-gathering."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάνη","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δεκάτη","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠώς","gloss":"tenth"},{"surface":"ἐφάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τότ̓","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"φαεσίμβροτος","lemma":"φαεσίμβροτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠώς","gloss":"light-bringing"},{"surface":"ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐφάνη","gloss":"dawn"}]},{"number":786,"label":"786","id":"b24-l786","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ ἐξέφερον θρασὺν Ἕκτορα δάκρυ χέοντες,","translation":"then they bore out bold Hector, shedding tears,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l786.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξέφερον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐξέφερον","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried out"},{"surface":"θρασὺν","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέφερον","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέοντες","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέοντες","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξέφερον","gloss":"shedding","note":"The present participle describes the Trojans shedding tears as they carried Hector out."}]},{"number":787,"label":"787","id":"b24-l787","source":"ἐν δὲ πυρῇ ὑπάτῃ νεκρὸν θέσαν, ἐν δʼ ἔβαλον πῦρ.","translation":"placed the corpse on top of the pyre, and cast fire upon it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l787.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυρῇ","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"on the pyre"},{"surface":"ὑπάτῃ","lemma":"ὕπατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies πυρῇ","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβαλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔβαλον","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":788,"label":"788","id":"b24-l788","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"When early-born Dawn appeared, rosy-fingered,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l788.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάνη","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τῆμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered"},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":789,"label":"789","id":"b24-l789","source":"τῆμος ἄρʼ ἀμφὶ πυρὴν κλυτοῦ Ἕκτορος ἔγρετο λαός.","translation":"then the people rose around the pyre of glorious Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l789.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆμος","lemma":"τῆμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγρετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πυρὴν","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the pyre","note":"The accusative is governed by ἀμφί; the genitive sense is not in this token."},{"surface":"κλυτοῦ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πυρὴν","gloss":"of Hector"},{"surface":"ἔγρετο","lemma":"ἔγρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"λαός","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔγρετο","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":790,"label":"790","id":"b24-l790","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἤγερθεν ὁμηγερέες τʼ ἐγένοντο","translation":"But when they had gathered and all were assembled together,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l790.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"αὐτάρ is connective; ἐπεί separately supplies 'when.'"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤγερθεν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"had gathered"},{"surface":"ὁμηγερέες","lemma":"ὁμηγερής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gathered together"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"came together","note":"ἐγένοντο with ὁμηγερέες means they came to be assembled together."}]},{"number":791,"label":"791","id":"b24-l791","source":"πρῶτον μὲν κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσαν αἴθοπι οἴνῳ","translation":"first they quenched the pyre with gleaming wine,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l791.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over","note":"κατά marks extinguishing the fire throughout or over the pyre."},{"surface":"πυρκαϊὴν","lemma":"πυρκαιά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σβέσαν","gloss":"the pyre","note":"πυρκαϊή is the object being quenched."},{"surface":"σβέσαν","lemma":"σβέννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"quenched"},{"surface":"αἴθοπι","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνῳ","gloss":"fiery","note":"αἶθοψ describes the wine as fiery or sparkling, not simply gleaming."},{"surface":"οἴνῳ","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σβέσαν","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":792,"label":"792","id":"b24-l792","source":"πᾶσαν, ὁπόσσον ἐπέσχε πυρὸς μένος· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"all of it, as far as the fire's fury had reached; and then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l792.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πυρκαϊὴν","gloss":"all of it"},{"surface":"ὁπόσσον","lemma":"ὁπόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσχε","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"ἐπέσχε","lemma":"ἐπέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to σβέσαν","gloss":"had spread","note":"ἐπέσχε describes how far the fire's force had extended over the pyre."},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of fire","note":"The genitive supplies the possessor of μένος."},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπέσχε","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":793,"label":"793","id":"b24-l793","source":"ὀστέα λευκὰ λέγοντο κασίγνητοί θʼ ἕταροί τε","translation":"his brothers and companions gathered the white bones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l793.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λέγοντο","gloss":"the bones"},{"surface":"λευκὰ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"λέγοντο","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"κασίγνητοί","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕταροί","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":794,"label":"794","id":"b24-l794","source":"μυρόμενοι, θαλερὸν δὲ κατείβετο δάκρυ παρειῶν.","translation":"weeping, while heavy tears ran down their cheeks.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l794.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρόμενοι","lemma":"μύρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λέγοντο","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"θαλερὸν","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυ","gloss":"abundant","note":"θαλερόν describes the copious tear shed by the mourners."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"κατείβετο","lemma":"κατείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"streamed down","note":"The imperfect describes tears streaming down continuously."},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κατείβετο","gloss":"tears","note":"The collective singular is naturally plural in English here."},{"surface":"παρειῶν","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατείβετο","gloss":"from their cheeks","note":"The genitive gives the place from which the tears streamed."}]},{"number":795,"label":"795","id":"b24-l795","source":"καὶ τά γε χρυσείην ἐς λάρνακα θῆκαν ἑλόντες","translation":"They gathered them and placed them in a golden chest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l795.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of θῆκαν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"γε is emphatic, not temporal 'in turn.'"},{"surface":"χρυσείην","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λάρνακα","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into","note":"εἰς marks motion into the golden chest."},{"surface":"λάρνακα","lemma":"λάρναξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"a chest"},{"surface":"θῆκαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they placed"},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκαν","gloss":"gathering them up","note":"The participle refers to picking up the bones before placing them in the chest."}]},{"number":796,"label":"796","id":"b24-l796","source":"πορφυρέοις πέπλοισι καλύψαντες μαλακοῖσιν.","translation":"covering them with soft purple robes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l796.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πορφυρέοις","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέπλοισι","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"πέπλοισι","lemma":"πέπλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καλύψαντες","gloss":"robes"},{"surface":"καλύψαντες","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκαν","gloss":"covering"},{"surface":"μαλακοῖσιν","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέπλοισι","gloss":"soft"}]},{"number":797,"label":"797","id":"b24-l797","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ ἐς κοίλην κάπετον θέσαν, αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε","translation":"Swiftly they placed it in a hollow trench, and above it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l797.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέσαν","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"ἄρα supplies the narrative 'then,' not emphatic 'indeed' here."},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into","note":"εἰς marks placement into the hollow trench."},{"surface":"κοίλην","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κάπετον","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"κάπετον","lemma":"κάπετος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they placed"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατεστόρεσαν","gloss":"above it","note":"The adverb refers to the chest just placed in the trench."}]},{"number":798,"label":"798","id":"b24-l798","source":"πυκνοῖσιν λάεσσι κατεστόρεσαν μεγάλοισι·","translation":"they laid a close-set course of great stones;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l798.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυκνοῖσιν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λάεσσι","gloss":"close-set"},{"surface":"λάεσσι","lemma":"λᾶας","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατεστόρεσαν","gloss":"with stones"},{"surface":"κατεστόρεσαν","lemma":"καταστορέννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid a course"},{"surface":"μεγάλοισι","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λάεσσι","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":799,"label":"799","id":"b24-l799","source":"ῥίμφα δὲ σῆμʼ ἔχεαν, περὶ δὲ σκοποὶ ἥατο πάντῃ,","translation":"quickly they heaped the mound, while watchers sat all around,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l799.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεαν","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σῆμ","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχεαν","gloss":"tomb-mound","note":"σῆμα here is the burial mound being heaped."},{"surface":"ἔχεαν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaped"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥατο","gloss":"around","note":"περί means around; πάντῃ later supplies 'all around.'"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκοποὶ","lemma":"σκοπός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἥατο","gloss":"watchers"},{"surface":"ἥατο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥατο","gloss":"all around"}]},{"number":800,"label":"800","id":"b24-l800","source":"μὴ πρὶν ἐφορμηθεῖεν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"lest the well-greaved Achaeans attack before the time.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l800.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφορμηθεῖεν","gloss":"beforehand","note":"πρίν means before the burial work was complete or before the appointed time."},{"surface":"ἐφορμηθεῖεν","lemma":"ἐφορμάω","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"might attack"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐφορμηθεῖεν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":801,"label":"801","id":"b24-l801","source":"χεύαντες δὲ τὸ σῆμα πάλιν κίον· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"When they had heaped the mound, they went back; and then,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l801.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεύαντες","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κίον","gloss":"having heaped","note":"The aorist participle is anterior to their going back."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χεύαντες","gloss":"the mound","note":"σῆμα is the burial mound they have just heaped, not a built tomb."},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κίον","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":802,"label":"802","id":"b24-l802","source":"εὖ συναγειρόμενοι δαίνυντʼ ἐρικυδέα δαῖτα","translation":"gathering well together, they feasted at the glorious feast","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l802.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ̓","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"συναγειρόμενοι","lemma":"συναγείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ̓","gloss":"gathering together"},{"surface":"δαίνυντ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feasted"},{"surface":"ἐρικυδέα","lemma":"ἐρικυδής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δαίνυντ̓","gloss":"the feast"}]},{"number":803,"label":"803","id":"b24-l803","source":"δώμασιν ἐν Πριάμοιο διοτρεφέος βασιλῆος.","translation":"in the halls of Priam, the Zeus-nurtured king.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l803.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώμασιν","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώμασιν","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέος","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"of the king"}]},{"number":804,"label":"804","id":"b24-l804","source":"ὣς οἵ γʼ ἀμφίεπον τάφον Ἕκτορος ἱπποδάμοιο.","translation":"Thus they tended the funeral of Hector, tamer of horses.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b24-l804.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμφίεπον","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφίεπον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀμφίεπον","lemma":"ἀμφιέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tended"},{"surface":"τάφον","lemma":"τάφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφίεπον","gloss":"funeral"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάφον","gloss":"of Hector"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"tamer of horses"}]}]}