{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":5,"id":"book-05","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Ε","translated":"Book 5 — The Aristeia of Diomedes and the Wounding of the Gods"},"section":"The Wrath","summary":"Diomedes fights like a god. He wounds Aphrodite and, with Athena beside him, Ares himself.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/5","lines":909},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/4","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/6","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b5-l1","source":"ἔνθʼ αὖ Τυδεΐδῃ Διομήδεϊ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη","translation":"Then Pallas Athena gave Tydeus' son Diomedes","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδεϊ","gloss":"to Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"Διομήδεϊ","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b5-l2","source":"δῶκε μένος καὶ θάρσος, ἵνʼ ἔκδηλος μετὰ πᾶσιν","translation":"strength and courage, so that he might stand out among all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάρσος","lemma":"θάρσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔκδηλος","lemma":"ἔκδηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stand out"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργείοισι","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b5-l3","source":"Ἀργείοισι γένοιτο ἰδὲ κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἄροιτο·","translation":"the Argives and win noble glory.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἵν' ... γένοιτο ἰδὲ ... ἄροιτο","title":"Optatives in a purpose clause","body":"After the past-tense δῶκε, the purpose introduced by ἵνα uses the optatives γένοιτο and ἄροιτο: Athena gave the power so that Diomedes might become conspicuous and might win glory. This optative after a secondary tense is a regular way for epic Greek to frame intended result."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μετὰ","gloss":"for the Argives"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"might turn out"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄροιτο","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἄροιτο","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"might win"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b5-l4","source":"δαῖέ οἱ ἐκ κόρυθός τε καὶ ἀσπίδος ἀκάματον πῦρ","translation":"She kindled from his helmet and shield tireless fire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαῖέ","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κόρυθός","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἀκάματον","lemma":"ἀκάματος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δαῖέ","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b5-l5","source":"ἀστέρʼ ὀπωρινῷ ἐναλίγκιον, ὅς τε μάλιστα","translation":"like the star of autumn, which above all others","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀστέρ","lemma":"ἀστήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐναλίγκιον","gloss":"star"},{"surface":"ὀπωρινῷ","lemma":"ὀπωρινός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀστέῤ","gloss":"autumnal"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιον","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παμφαίνῃσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παμφαίνῃσι","gloss":"especially, above all"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b5-l6","source":"λαμπρὸν παμφαίνῃσι λελουμένος ὠκεανοῖο·","translation":"blazes bright after bathing in Oceanus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαμπρὸν","lemma":"λαμπρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to παμφαίνῃσι","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"παμφαίνῃσι","lemma":"παμφαίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀστέῤ","gloss":"blazes bright"},{"surface":"λελουμένος","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παμφαίνῃσι","gloss":"having bathed"},{"surface":"ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λελουμένος","gloss":"in Oceanus"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b5-l7","source":"τοῖόν οἱ πῦρ δαῖεν ἀπὸ κρατός τε καὶ ὤμων,","translation":"Such fire she kindled from his head and shoulders,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖόν","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κρατός","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δαῖεν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"δαῖεν","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρατός","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b5-l8","source":"ὦρσε δέ μιν κατὰ μέσσον ὅθι πλεῖστοι κλονέοντο.","translation":"and drove him into the midst, where the greatest number were in turmoil.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέοντο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πλεῖστοι","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κλονέοντο","gloss":"most (Trojans)"},{"surface":"κλονέοντο","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μέσσον","gloss":"were in turmoil"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b5-l9","source":"ἦν δέ τις ἐν Τρώεσσι Δάρης ἀφνειὸς ἀμύμων","translation":"There was among the Trojans a rich and blameless man, Dares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Δάρης","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the Trojans"},{"surface":"Δάρης","lemma":"Δάρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Dares"},{"surface":"ἀφνειὸς","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δάρης","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δάρης","gloss":"blameless"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b5-l10","source":"ἱρεὺς Ἡφαίστοιο· δύω δέ οἱ υἱέες ἤστην","translation":"a priest of Hephaestus; and he had two sons,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱρεὺς","lemma":"ἱερεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"priest"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱρεὺς","gloss":"of Hephaestus"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"υἱέες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἤστην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b5-l11","source":"Φηγεὺς Ἰδαῖός τε μάχης εὖ εἰδότε πάσης.","translation":"Phegeus and Idaeus, versed in every kind of battle.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φηγεὺς","lemma":"Φηγεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Phegeus"},{"surface":"Ἰδαῖός","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδότε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδότε","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδότε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"versed"},{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b5-l12","source":"τώ οἱ ἀποκρινθέντε ἐναντίω ὁρμηθήτην·","translation":"The two broke away and charged against him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τώ ... ἀποκρινθέντε ... ὁρμηθήτην","title":"The two brothers in the dual","body":"The pronoun τώ, participle ἀποκρινθέντε, and verb ὁρμηθήτην are all dual forms, marking Phegeus and Idaeus as a pair. The dual continues into the next line for the brothers before the singular ὃ distinguishes Diomedes from them."}],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁρμηθήτην","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐναντίω","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"ἀποκρινθέντε","lemma":"ἀποκρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁρμηθήτην","gloss":"breaking away"},{"surface":"ἐναντίω","lemma":"ἐναντίος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθήτην","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b5-l13","source":"τὼ μὲν ἀφʼ ἵπποιιν, ὃ δʼ ἀπὸ χθονὸς ὄρνυτο πεζός.","translation":"the two from their chariot, while he rose from the ground on foot.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵπποιιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄρνυτο","gloss":"while he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χθονὸς","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"πεζός","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on foot"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b5-l14","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες","translation":"Now when they had come near, advancing on one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οἳ δ' ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες","title":"The approach formula","body":"Apart from its final punctuation, this line repeats Iliad 3.15 and keeps its accepted English word for word. Homer uses the formula to narrow from the wider battle to two opponents closing for a cast."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"they were"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b5-l15","source":"Φηγεύς ῥα πρότερος προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος·","translation":"Phegeus was first to cast his long-shadowed spear;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φηγεύς","lemma":"Φηγεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προΐει","gloss":"Phegeus"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b5-l16","source":"Τυδεΐδεω δʼ ὑπὲρ ὦμον ἀριστερὸν ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκὴ","translation":"but over the left shoulder of Tydeus' son passed the point","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδεω","lemma":"Τυδεΐδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"of Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὲρ","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὸν","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"ἤλυθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"ἀκωκὴ","lemma":"ἀκωκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθ̓","gloss":"point"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b5-l17","source":"ἔγχεος, οὐδʼ ἔβαλʼ αὐτόν· ὃ δʼ ὕστερος ὄρνυτο χαλκῷ","translation":"of the spear, and did not strike him; then he in turn sprang with the bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκωκὴ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔβαλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕστερος","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b5-l18","source":"Τυδεΐδης· τοῦ δʼ οὐχ ἅλιον βέλος ἔκφυγε χειρός,","translation":"Tydeus' son, and the shaft did not fly vainly from his hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρός","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"vainly"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκφυγε","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ἔκφυγε","lemma":"ἐκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκφυγε","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b5-l19","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔβαλε στῆθος μεταμάζιον, ὦσε δʼ ἀφʼ ἵππων.","translation":"but struck the chest between the nipples and hurled him from the horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔβαλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔβαλε","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"μεταμάζιον","lemma":"μεταμάζιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"between the nipples"},{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b5-l20","source":"Ἰδαῖος δʼ ἀπόρουσε λιπὼν περικαλλέα δίφρον,","translation":"Idaeus sprang away, leaving the splendid chariot,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδαῖος","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπόρουσε","lemma":"ἀπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang back"},{"surface":"λιπὼν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπόρουσε","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρον","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λιπὼν","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b5-l21","source":"οὐδʼ ἔτλη περιβῆναι ἀδελφειοῦ κταμένοιο·","translation":"nor did he dare to stand over his slaughtered brother;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔτλη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"περιβῆναι","lemma":"περιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλη","gloss":"stand over"},{"surface":"ἀδελφειοῦ","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιβῆναι","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"κταμένοιο","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀδελφειοῦ","gloss":"slain"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b5-l22","source":"οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδέ κεν αὐτὸς ὑπέκφυγε κῆρα μέλαιναν,","translation":"for not even he would then have escaped black doom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὑπέκφυγε","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ὑπέκφυγε","lemma":"ὑπεκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπέκφυγε","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b5-l23","source":"ἀλλʼ Ἥφαιστος ἔρυτο, σάωσε δὲ νυκτὶ καλύψας,","translation":"but Hephaestus drew him away and saved him, veiled in night,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρυτο","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"ἔρυτο","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew away"},{"surface":"σάωσε","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καλύψας","gloss":"with night"},{"surface":"καλύψας","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σάωσε","gloss":"having covered"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b5-l24","source":"ὡς δή οἱ μὴ πάγχυ γέρων ἀκαχήμενος εἴη.","translation":"so that the old man might not be altogether stricken with grief.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχήμενος","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχήμενος","gloss":"altogether"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀκαχήμενος","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἀκαχήμενος","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"auxiliary verb","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b5-l25","source":"ἵππους δʼ ἐξελάσας μεγαθύμου Τυδέος υἱὸς","translation":"Then the son of great-hearted Tydeus drove out the horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξελάσας","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξελάσας","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"driving out"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδέος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b5-l26","source":"δῶκεν ἑταίροισιν κατάγειν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας.","translation":"and gave them to his companions to lead down to the hollow ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἑταίροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to his companions"},{"surface":"κατάγειν","lemma":"κατάγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"to lead down"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b5-l27","source":"Τρῶες δὲ μεγάθυμοι ἐπεὶ ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος","translation":"But when the great-hearted Trojans saw the sons of Dares,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πᾶσιν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμοι","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"υἷε","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the sons"},{"surface":"Δάρητος","lemma":"Δάρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"of Dares"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b5-l28","source":"τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον, τὸν δὲ κτάμενον παρʼ ὄχεσφι,","translation":"one escaped, the other slain beside the chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀλευάμενον","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτάμενον","lemma":"κτάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"slain"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφι","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"chariots"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b5-l29","source":"πᾶσιν ὀρίνθη θυμός· ἀτὰρ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","translation":"the heart of every man was shaken; but bright-eyed Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"in every man"},{"surface":"ὀρίνθη","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was shaken"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρίνθη","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b5-l30","source":"χειρὸς ἑλοῦσʼ ἐπέεσσι προσηύδα θοῦρον Ἄρηα·","translation":"took furious Ares by the hand and addressed him with words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλοῦσ̓","gloss":"by the hand"},{"surface":"ἑλοῦσ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"θοῦρον","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b5-l31","source":"Ἆρες Ἄρες βροτολοιγὲ μιαιφόνε τειχεσιπλῆτα","translation":"\"Ares, Ares, bane of mortals, blood-stained, stormer of walls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l31.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βροτολοιγὲ μιαιφόνε τειχεσιπλῆτα","title":"Three names for Ares' violence","body":"Athena heaps three vocative epithets upon Ares: βροτολοιγός, a bane that destroys mortals; μιαιφόνος, stained with blood; and τειχεσιπλήτης, one who storms city walls. They form a distinct cluster and are not the same epithet as ἀνδροφόνος, the already locked \"man-slaying\" Ares."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἆρες","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"Ἄρες","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"βροτολοιγὲ","lemma":"βροτολοιγός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρες","gloss":"man-destroying"},{"surface":"μιαιφόνε","lemma":"μιαιφόνος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρες","gloss":"blood-stained"},{"surface":"τειχεσιπλῆτα","lemma":"τειχεσιπλήτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stormer of walls"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b5-l32","source":"οὐκ ἂν δὴ Τρῶας μὲν ἐάσαιμεν καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"shall we not now leave Trojans and Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐάσαιμεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b5-l33","source":"μάρνασθʼ, ὁπποτέροισι πατὴρ Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀρέξῃ,","translation":"to fight, whichever side father Zeus may grant glory,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάρνασθ","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσαιμεν","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ὁπποτέροισι","lemma":"ὁπότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀρέξῃ","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρέξῃ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀρέξῃ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀρέξῃ","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐάσαιμεν","gloss":"offers"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b5-l34","source":"νῶϊ δὲ χαζώμεσθα, Διὸς δʼ ἀλεώμεθα μῆνιν;","translation":"while we two draw back and avoid the wrath of Zeus?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χαζώμεσθα","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαζώμεσθα","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"draw back"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆνιν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλεώμεθα","lemma":"ἀλέω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"avoid"},{"surface":"μῆνιν","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεώμεθα","gloss":"wrath"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b5-l35","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσα μάχης ἐξήγαγε θοῦρον Ἄρηα·","translation":"So speaking, she led furious Ares out of the battle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσα","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐξήγαγε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξήγαγε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐξήγαγε","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led out"},{"surface":"θοῦρον","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξήγαγε","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b5-l36","source":"τὸν μὲν ἔπειτα καθεῖσεν ἐπʼ ἠϊόεντι Σκαμάνδρῳ,","translation":"and then seated him by Scamander's steep banks.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καθεῖσεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθεῖσεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καθεῖσεν","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠϊόεντι","lemma":"ἠιόεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σκαμάνδρῳ","gloss":"steep-banked"},{"surface":"Σκαμάνδρῳ","lemma":"Σκάμανδρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"Scamander"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b5-l37","source":"Τρῶας δʼ ἔκλιναν Δαναοί· ἕλε δʼ ἄνδρα ἕκαστος","translation":"Then the Danaans turned the Trojans to flight, and each man slew","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκλιναν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλιναν","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned to flight"},{"surface":"Δαναοί","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλιναν","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b5-l38","source":"ἡγεμόνων· πρῶτος δὲ ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"one of their leaders. First Agamemnon, lord of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγεμόνων","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕκαστος","gloss":"of the leaders"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκβαλε","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b5-l39","source":"ἀρχὸν Ἁλιζώνων Ὀδίον μέγαν ἔκβαλε δίφρου·","translation":"hurled great Odius, leader of the Halizones, from his chariot;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχὸν","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a leader"},{"surface":"Ἁλιζώνων","lemma":"Ἀλίζωνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχὸν","gloss":"of the Halizones"},{"surface":"Ὀδίον","lemma":"Ὀδίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Odius"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδίον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔκβαλε","lemma":"ἐκβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled out"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκβαλε","gloss":"from his chariot"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b5-l40","source":"πρώτῳ γὰρ στρεφθέντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πῆξεν","translation":"for as he first turned away, he fixed the spear in his back,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρώτῳ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"στρεφθέντι","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies μεταφρένῳ","gloss":"turning away"},{"surface":"μεταφρένῳ","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"in his back"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of πῆξεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"πῆξεν","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fixed"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b5-l41","source":"ὤμων μεσσηγύς, διὰ δὲ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσε,","translation":"between the shoulders, and drove it through his chest;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεσσηγύς","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"μεσσηγύς","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήθεσφιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"the chest"},{"surface":"ἔλασσε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove through"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b5-l42","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.","translation":"he fell with a thud, and his armor clattered upon him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l42.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχε' ἐπ' αὐτῷ","title":"The falling-and-clattering formula","body":"The Greek line exactly repeats Iliad 4.504, so its accepted English is repeated without alteration. The thud of the body and clatter of armor form one of the poem's recurring audible signatures of a warrior's fall."}],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἀράβησε","lemma":"ἀραβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clattered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀράβησε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b5-l43","source":"Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ ἄρα Φαῖστον ἐνήρατο Μῄονος υἱὸν","translation":"Then Idomeneus slew Phaestus, son of the Maeonian","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνήρατο","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Φαῖστον","lemma":"Φαῖστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Phaestus"},{"surface":"ἐνήρατο","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"Μῄονος","lemma":"Μῄων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Maeonian"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b5-l44","source":"Βώρου, ὃς ἐκ Τάρνης ἐριβώλακος εἰληλούθει.","translation":"Borus, who had come from Tarne of the rich soil.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Βώρου","lemma":"Βῶρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Borus"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰληλούθει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τάρνης","lemma":"Τάρνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Tarne"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλακος","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Τάρνης","gloss":"rich-soiled"},{"surface":"εἰληλούθει","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"had come"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b5-l45","source":"τὸν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἰδομενεὺς δουρικλυτὸς ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ","translation":"Idomeneus, famed with the spear, struck him with his long spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l45.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δουρικλυτὸς / δουρικλειτὸς","title":"Famed with the spear","body":"δουρικλυτός here and δουρικλειτός at line 55 are compound forms of the spear-fame epithet already rendered from δουρὶ κλυτός as \"famed with the spear.\" The same English is held for Idomeneus and Menelaus; the compounds' metrical forms do not create unrelated qualities."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νύξ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νύξ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δουρικλυτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδομενεὺς","gloss":"spear-famed"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νύξ̓","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"μακρῷ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b5-l46","source":"νύξʼ ἵππων ἐπιβησόμενον κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον·","translation":"in the right shoulder as he was about to mount behind his horses;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύξ","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβησόμενον","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐπιβησόμενον","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"future middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"about to mount"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b5-l47","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, στυγερὸς δʼ ἄρα μιν σκότος εἷλε.","translation":"he fell from the chariot, and hateful darkness seized him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"στυγερὸς","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σκότος","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἷλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σκότος","lemma":"σκότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἷλε","gloss":"the dark"},{"surface":"εἷλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b5-l48","source":"τὸν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἰδομενῆος ἐσύλευον θεράποντες·","translation":"Then the attendants of Idomeneus stripped his armor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐσύλευον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"of Idomeneus"},{"surface":"ἐσύλευον","lemma":"συλεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were stripping"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐσύλευον","gloss":"attendants"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b5-l49","source":"υἱὸν δὲ Στροφίοιο Σκαμάνδριον αἵμονα θήρης","translation":"But Scamandrius, son of Strophius, skilled in the hunt,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Στροφίοιο","lemma":"Στρόφιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Strophius"},{"surface":"Σκαμάνδριον","lemma":"Σκαμάνδριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Scamandrius"},{"surface":"αἵμονα","lemma":"αἵμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σκαμάνδριον","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"θήρης","lemma":"θήρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies αἵμονα","gloss":"in hunting"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b5-l50","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης Μενέλαος ἕλʼ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι","translation":"Menelaus, son of Atreus, slew with his sharp spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλ̓","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἕλ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλ̓","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"ὀξυόεντι","lemma":"ὀξυόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b5-l51","source":"ἐσθλὸν θηρητῆρα· δίδαξε γὰρ Ἄρτεμις αὐτὴ","translation":"the good hunter; for Artemis herself had taught him","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θηρητῆρα","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"θηρητῆρα","lemma":"θηρατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"hunter"},{"surface":"δίδαξε","lemma":"διδάσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"taught"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἄρτεμις","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δίδαξε","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"herself"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b5-l52","source":"βάλλειν ἄγρια πάντα, τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη·","translation":"to shoot every wild thing that the mountain woods sustain.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάλλειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δίδαξε","gloss":"to shoot"},{"surface":"ἄγρια","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of βάλλειν","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄγρια","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of τρέφει","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρέφει","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄγρια","gloss":"breeds"},{"surface":"οὔρεσιν","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τρέφει","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ὕλη","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τρέφει","gloss":"woodland"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b5-l53","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ οἱ τότε γε χραῖσμʼ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα,","translation":"Yet Artemis, showerer of arrows, did not avail him then,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l53.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα","title":"Artemis, showerer of arrows","body":"ἰοχέαιρα is Artemis' standing archery epithet, literally one who pours or showers arrows. It suits the goddess who taught Scamandrius to shoot, while the next clause makes the irony exact: neither she nor his own long-range skill can save him from Menelaus's spear."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"no, but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χραῖσμ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χραῖσμ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χραῖσμ","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did avail"},{"surface":"Ἄρτεμις","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of χραῖσμ̓","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"ἰοχέαιρα","lemma":"ἰοχέαιρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἄρτεμις","gloss":"arrow-pouring"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b5-l54","source":"οὐδὲ ἑκηβολίαι ᾗσιν τὸ πρίν γε κέκαστο·","translation":"nor the long shots in which he once excelled,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑκηβολίαι","lemma":"ἑκηβολία","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"long shots"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of κέκαστο","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέκαστο","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κέκαστο","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑκηβολίαι","gloss":"excelled"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b5-l55","source":"ἀλλά μιν Ἀτρεΐδης δουρικλειτὸς Μενέλαος","translation":"but Menelaus, famed with the spear, son of Atreus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δουρικλειτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"spear-famed"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b5-l56","source":"πρόσθεν ἕθεν φεύγοντα μετάφρενον οὔτασε δουρὶ","translation":"struck him in the back as he fled before him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεϝ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἕθεν","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρόσθεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φεύγοντα","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"μετάφρενον","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"in the back"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"with spear"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b5-l57","source":"ὤμων μεσσηγύς, διὰ δὲ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσεν,","translation":"between the shoulders, and drove the spear through his chest;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεσσηγύς","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"μεσσηγύς","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήθεσφιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"the chest"},{"surface":"ἔλασσεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b5-l58","source":"ἤριπε δὲ πρηνής, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.","translation":"he fell face-down, and his armor clattered upon him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρηνής","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"face-down"},{"surface":"ἀράβησε","lemma":"ἀραβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clattered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀράβησε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b5-l59","source":"Μηριόνης δὲ Φέρεκλον ἐνήρατο, τέκτονος υἱὸν","translation":"Then Meriones slew Phereclus, son of Tecton,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνήρατο","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φέρεκλον","lemma":"Φέρεκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Phereclus"},{"surface":"ἐνήρατο","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"τέκτονος","lemma":"τέκτων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἁρμονίδεω","gloss":"of Tecton"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b5-l60","source":"Ἁρμονίδεω, ὃς χερσὶν ἐπίστατο δαίδαλα πάντα","translation":"Harmon's grandson, who with his hands knew every cunning work","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l60.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τέκτονος υἱὸν Ἁρμονίδεω","title":"A family of craftsmen","body":"Phereclus is the son of Tecton and grandson of Harmon. Tecton's name is also the ordinary Greek word for a craftsman, an apt speaking name for the father of a man whose hands know every kind of intricate work."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἁρμονίδεω","lemma":"Ἁρμονίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"son of Harmon"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπίστατο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τεύχειν","gloss":"with his hands"},{"surface":"ἐπίστατο","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἁρμονίδεω","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"δαίδαλα","lemma":"δαίδαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τεύχειν","gloss":"cunning works"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δαίδαλα","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b5-l61","source":"τεύχειν· ἔξοχα γάρ μιν ἐφίλατο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη·","translation":"how to fashion; for Pallas Athena loved him exceedingly.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχειν","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπίστατο","gloss":"to fashion"},{"surface":"ἔξοχα","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφίλατο","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφίλατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐφίλατο","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐφίλατο","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b5-l62","source":"ὃς καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τεκτήνατο νῆας ἐΐσας","translation":"He also built the well-balanced ships for Paris—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τεκτήνατο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Ἀλεξάνδρῳ","lemma":"̓ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τεκτήνατο","gloss":"for Paris"},{"surface":"τεκτήνατο","lemma":"τεκταίνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"built"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τεκτήνατο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐΐσας","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-balanced"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b5-l63","source":"ἀρχεκάκους, αἳ πᾶσι κακὸν Τρώεσσι γένοντο","translation":"ships that began the evil and proved a bane to all the Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχεκάκους","lemma":"ἀρχέκακος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"beginning the evil"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of γένοντο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώεσσι","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"for the Trojans"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νῆας","gloss":"turned out"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b5-l64","source":"οἷ τʼ αὐτῷ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι θεῶν ἐκ θέσφατα ᾔδη.","translation":"and to himself, since he knew nothing of the gods' decrees.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ᾔδη","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θέσφατα","lemma":"θέσφατος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ᾔδη","gloss":"oracles"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b5-l65","source":"τὸν μὲν Μηριόνης ὅτε δὴ κατέμαρπτε διώκων","translation":"When Meriones caught him in pursuit,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βεβλήκει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βεβλήκει","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατέμαρπτε","lemma":"καταμάρπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"διώκων","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέμαρπτε","gloss":"pursuing"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b5-l66","source":"βεβλήκει γλουτὸν κατὰ δεξιόν· ἣ δὲ διαπρὸ","translation":"he struck him in the right buttock, and straight through","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βεβλήκει","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"γλουτὸν","lemma":"γλουτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"buttock"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δεξιόν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γλουτὸν","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀκωκή","gloss":"and it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διαπρὸ","lemma":"διαπρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθ̓","gloss":"clean through"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b5-l67","source":"ἀντικρὺ κατὰ κύστιν ὑπʼ ὀστέον ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκή·","translation":"the bladder beneath the bone went the spearpoint;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l67.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ κύστιν ὑπ' ὀστέον","title":"The wound through the bladder","body":"κύστις is the bladder. Homer traces the spear from the right buttock through the bladder beneath the pelvic bone, preserving the wound's direction and internal anatomy rather than reducing it to a generic mortal blow."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθ̓","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κύστιν","lemma":"κύστις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"bladder"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ὀστέον","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"bone"},{"surface":"ἤλυθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀκωκή","lemma":"ἀκωκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθ̓","gloss":"point"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b5-l68","source":"γνὺξ δʼ ἔριπʼ οἰμώξας, θάνατος δέ μιν ἀμφεκάλυψε.","translation":"he dropped to his knees with a cry, and death enfolded him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνὺξ","lemma":"γνύξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔριπ̓","gloss":"to his knees"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔριπ","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"οἰμώξας","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔριπ̓","gloss":"crying out"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφεκάλυψε","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφεκάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀμφεκάλυψε","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enfolded"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b5-l69","source":"Πήδαιον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπεφνε Μέγης Ἀντήνορος υἱὸν","translation":"Then Meges slew Pedaeus, a son of Antenor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πήδαιον","lemma":"Πήδαιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Pedaeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"Μέγης","lemma":"Μέγης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπεφνε","gloss":"Meges"},{"surface":"Ἀντήνορος","lemma":"Ἀντήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Antenor"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b5-l70","source":"ὅς ῥα νόθος μὲν ἔην, πύκα δʼ ἔτρεφε δῖα Θεανὼ","translation":"who was a bastard, but shining Theano had raised him with care,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νόθος","lemma":"νόθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bastard"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"πύκα","lemma":"πύκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτρεφε","gloss":"carefully"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτρεφε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"had nursed"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θεανὼ","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"Θεανὼ","lemma":"Θεανώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔτρεφε","gloss":"Theano"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b5-l71","source":"ἶσα φίλοισι τέκεσσι χαριζομένη πόσεϊ ᾧ.","translation":"equally with her own dear children, to please her husband.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἶσα","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔτρεφε","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"φίλοισι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκεσσι","gloss":"with her own"},{"surface":"τέκεσσι","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἶσα","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"χαριζομένη","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔτρεφε","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"πόσεϊ","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χαριζομένη","gloss":"her husband"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσεϊ","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b5-l72","source":"τὸν μὲν Φυλεΐδης δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν","translation":"The son of Phyleus, famed with the spear, came close","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βεβλήκει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Φυλεΐδης","lemma":"Φυλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βεβλήκει","gloss":"son of Phyleus"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κλυτὸς","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φυλεΐδης","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλθὼν","gloss":"nearby, close"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βεβλήκει","gloss":"having come"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b5-l73","source":"βεβλήκει κεφαλῆς κατὰ ἰνίον ὀξέϊ δουρί·","translation":"and struck him with his sharp spear at the nape of the head;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βεβλήκει","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had struck"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἰνίον","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἰνίον","lemma":"ἰνίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"nape"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρί","gloss":"with sharp"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βεβλήκει","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b5-l74","source":"ἀντικρὺ δʼ ἀνʼ ὀδόντας ὑπὸ γλῶσσαν τάμε χαλκός·","translation":"straight through the teeth, the bronze sheared off his tongue at the root;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l74.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀν' ὀδόντας ὑπὸ γλῶσσαν τάμε","title":"The path through mouth and teeth","body":"The spear enters at the nape in the previous line, cuts the tongue from beneath at its root, and passes through the teeth. The English keeps each stage of the weapon's path, including the violent force of τάμε, \"cut off.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμε","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὀδόντας","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γλῶσσαν","lemma":"γλῶσσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τάμε","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"τάμε","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sheared off"},{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τάμε","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b5-l75","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ἐν κονίῃ, ψυχρὸν δʼ ἕλε χαλκὸν ὀδοῦσιν.","translation":"he fell in the dust and caught the cold bronze in his teeth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃ","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"ψυχρὸν","lemma":"ψυχρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκὸν","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ὀδοῦσιν","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"in his teeth"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b5-l76","source":"Εὐρύπυλος δʼ Εὐαιμονίδης Ὑψήνορα δῖον","translation":"And Eurypylus, son of Euaemon—godlike Hypsenor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐαιμονίδης","lemma":"Εὐαιμονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρύπυλος","gloss":"son of Euaemon"},{"surface":"Ὑψήνορα","lemma":"Ὑψήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Hypsenor"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b5-l77","source":"υἱὸν ὑπερθύμου Δολοπίονος, ὅς ῥα Σκαμάνδρου","translation":"son of high-hearted Dolopion, who was Scamander's","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὑπερθύμου","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δολοπίονος","gloss":"high-spirited"},{"surface":"Δολοπίονος","lemma":"Δολοπίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Dolopion"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐτέτυκτο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Σκαμάνδρου","lemma":"Σκάμανδρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρητὴρ","gloss":"of Scamander"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b5-l78","source":"ἀρητὴρ ἐτέτυκτο, θεὸς δʼ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ,","translation":"priest and was honored like a god among the people—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρητὴρ","lemma":"ἀρητήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"priest"},{"surface":"ἐτέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τίετο","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was honored"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίετο","gloss":"among the people"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b5-l79","source":"τὸν μὲν ἄρʼ Εὐρύπυλος, Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός,","translation":"him Eurypylus, Euaemon's splendid son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"Εὐαίμονος","lemma":"Εὐαίμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Euaemon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b5-l80","source":"πρόσθεν ἕθεν φεύγοντα μεταδρομάδην ἔλασʼ ὦμον","translation":"running after him as he fled before him, struck his shoulder","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἕθεν","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πρόσθεν","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"φεύγοντα","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"μεταδρομάδην","lemma":"μεταδρομάδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλασ̓","gloss":"running after"},{"surface":"ἔλασ","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀΐξας","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b5-l81","source":"φασγάνῳ ἀΐξας, ἀπὸ δʼ ἔξεσε χεῖρα βαρεῖαν·","translation":"with his sword as he sprang, and lopped off the heavy hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φασγάνῳ","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀΐξας","gloss":"with his sword"},{"surface":"ἀΐξας","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλασ̓","gloss":"rushing"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔξεσε","lemma":"ξέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lopped off"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔξεσε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"βαρεῖαν","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"heavy"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b5-l82","source":"αἱματόεσσα δὲ χεὶρ πεδίῳ πέσε· τὸν δὲ κατʼ ὄσσε","translation":"The bloody hand fell to the plain; and over his eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱματόεσσα","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεὶρ","gloss":"bloody"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεὶρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέσε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πέσε","gloss":"on the plain"},{"surface":"πέσε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b5-l83","source":"ἔλλαβε πορφύρεος θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή.","translation":"came purple death and mighty fate.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l83.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πορφύρεος θάνατος","title":"Purple death","body":"πορφύρεος can evoke the dark, surging color of blood as well as purple dye. Homer turns death itself purple at the moment the severed, bloodied hand falls, a compact formula that keeps the scene's color before the eyes."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"πορφύρεος","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάνατος","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"κραταιή","lemma":"κραταιός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρα","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b5-l84","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν πονέοντο κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην·","translation":"So they toiled throughout the mighty combat.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πονέοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πονέοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πονέοντο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"toiled"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνην","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b5-l85","source":"Τυδεΐδην δʼ οὐκ ἂν γνοίης ποτέροισι μετείη","translation":"But you could not have known on which side Tydeus' son was,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l85.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐκ ἂν γνοίης","title":"A potential optative","body":"The aorist optative γνοίης with ἄν means \"you could not have known.\" Homer's indefinite second person pulls the listener into the battlefield: Diomedes moves so violently through the press that an observer could not tell among which host he was moving."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδην","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετείη","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"γνοίης","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would know"},{"surface":"ποτέροισι","lemma":"πότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετείη","gloss":"on which side"},{"surface":"μετείη","lemma":"μέτειμι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b5-l86","source":"ἠὲ μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ὁμιλέοι ἦ μετʼ Ἀχαιοῖς.","translation":"whether he moved among the Trojans or among the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὁμιλέοι","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object","gloss":"he moved"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b5-l87","source":"θῦνε γὰρ ἂμ πεδίον ποταμῷ πλήθοντι ἐοικὼς","translation":"For he swept across the plain like a river in full flood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῦνε","lemma":"θύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swept"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἂμ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικὼς","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"πλήθοντι","lemma":"πλήθω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ποταμῷ","gloss":"in full flood"},{"surface":"ἐοικὼς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῦνε","gloss":"resembling"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b5-l88","source":"χειμάρρῳ, ὅς τʼ ὦκα ῥέων ἐκέδασσε γεφύρας·","translation":"a winter torrent that runs swiftly and scatters the dikes;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l88.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐκέδασσε γεφύρας","title":"Dikes before a torrent","body":"In this river simile γέφυραι are the built embankments or dikes meant to confine floodwater, not bridges in the modern sense. The word is a known Homeric crux in battle contexts; here the following vineyard walls make the flood-control sense clear."}],"words":[{"surface":"χειμάρρῳ","lemma":"χειμάρρους","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"winter torrent"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκέδασσε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέων","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ῥέων","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέδασσε","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"ἐκέδασσε","lemma":"κεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"γεφύρας","lemma":"γέφυρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκέδασσε","gloss":"dikes"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b5-l89","source":"τὸν δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρ τε γέφυραι ἐεργμέναι ἰσχανόωσιν,","translation":"neither the close-built dikes can hold it back,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰσχανόωσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέφυραι","lemma":"γέφυρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἰσχανόωσιν","gloss":"dikes"},{"surface":"ἐεργμέναι","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifies γέφυραι","gloss":"close-built"},{"surface":"ἰσχανόωσιν","lemma":"ἰσχανάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back, wait"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b5-l90","source":"οὔτʼ ἄρα ἕρκεα ἴσχει ἀλωάων ἐριθηλέων","translation":"nor can the fences of the flourishing vineyards check it","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἕρκεα","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἴσχει","gloss":"fences"},{"surface":"ἴσχει","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds, detains"},{"surface":"ἀλωάων","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἕρκεα","gloss":"of vineyards"},{"surface":"ἐριθηλέων","lemma":"ἐριθηλής","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλωάων","gloss":"flourishing"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b5-l91","source":"ἐλθόντʼ ἐξαπίνης ὅτʼ ἐπιβρίσῃ Διὸς ὄμβρος·","translation":"when it comes suddenly, whenever the rain of Zeus bears hard;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐξαπίνης","lemma":"ἐξαπίνης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλθόντ̓","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐπιβρίσῃ","lemma":"ἐπιβρίθω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"bears hard"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄμβρος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ὄμβρος","lemma":"ὄμβρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιβρίσῃ","gloss":"rain"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b5-l92","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ ἔργα κατήριπε κάλʼ αἰζηῶν·","translation":"and beneath it many fair works of young men fall in ruin.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατήριπε","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"κατήριπε","lemma":"κατερείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought down"},{"surface":"κάλ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"αἰζηῶν","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b5-l93","source":"ὣς ὑπὸ Τυδεΐδῃ πυκιναὶ κλονέοντο φάλαγγες","translation":"So beneath Tydeus' son the close-packed Trojan ranks","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"πυκιναὶ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φάλαγγες","gloss":"thick, clustered"},{"surface":"κλονέοντο","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were thrown into confusion"},{"surface":"φάλαγγες","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κλονέοντο","gloss":"ranks"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b5-l94","source":"Τρώων, οὐδʼ ἄρα μιν μίμνον πολέες περ ἐόντες.","translation":"were thrown into confusion, and though they were many, they did not stand against him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies φάλαγγες","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μίμνον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μίμνον","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood against"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μίμνον","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b5-l95","source":"τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς","translation":"Now when the glorious son of Lycaon saw him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Lycaon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b5-l96","source":"θύνοντʼ ἂμ πεδίον πρὸ ἕθεν κλονέοντα φάλαγγας,","translation":"charging across the plain before him, scattering the ranks,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θύνοντ","lemma":"θύνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"charging"},{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἂμ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἕθεν","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρὸ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"κλονέοντα","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"scattering"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κλονέοντα","gloss":"ranks"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b5-l97","source":"αἶψʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδῃ ἐτιταίνετο καμπύλα τόξα,","translation":"at once he drew his curved bow against the son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτιταίνετο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"ἐτιταίνετο","lemma":"τιταίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"καμπύλα","lemma":"καμπύλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐτιταίνετο","gloss":"the bow"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b5-l98","source":"καὶ βάλʼ ἐπαΐσσοντα τυχὼν κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον","translation":"and struck him as he rushed on, hitting the right shoulder","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐσσοντα","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rushing on"},{"surface":"τυχὼν","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλ̓","gloss":"hitting"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b5-l99","source":"θώρηκος γύαλον· διὰ δʼ ἔπτατο πικρὸς ὀϊστός,","translation":"upon the plate of his corselet; the bitter arrow flew through","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l99.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θώρηκος γύαλον","title":"The corselet's plate","body":"γύαλον is one of the curved plates or faces of the corselet. The arrow meets the body armor at Diomedes' shoulder, a different path from the belt-corselet-taslet sequence in Menelaus' wound."}],"words":[{"surface":"θώρηκος","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γύαλον","gloss":"of the corselet"},{"surface":"γύαλον","lemma":"γύαλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλ̓","gloss":"plate"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπτατο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew through"},{"surface":"πικρὸς","lemma":"πικρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστός","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ὀϊστός","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπτατο","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b5-l100","source":"ἀντικρὺ δὲ διέσχε, παλάσσετο δʼ αἵματι θώρηξ.","translation":"and pierced it clean across, and the corselet was splashed with blood.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέσχε","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διέσχε","lemma":"διέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced through"},{"surface":"παλάσσετο","lemma":"παλάσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was splashed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παλάσσετο","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"θώρηξ","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παλάσσετο","gloss":"corselet"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b5-l101","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἄϋσε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·","translation":"Then the glorious son of Lycaon shouted long and loud:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσε","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"ἄϋσε","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Lycaon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄϋσε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b5-l102","source":"ὄρνυσθε Τρῶες μεγάθυμοι κέντορες ἵππων·","translation":"\"Rise, great-hearted Trojans, goaders of horses!","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνυσθε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμοι","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"κέντορες","lemma":"κέντωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goaders"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κέντορες","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b5-l103","source":"βέβληται γὰρ ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν, οὐδέ ἕ φημι","translation":"The best of the Achaeans has been struck, and I do not think","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βέβληται","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been struck"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of βέβληται","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἕ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνσχήσεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b5-l104","source":"δήθʼ ἀνσχήσεσθαι κρατερὸν βέλος, εἰ ἐτεόν με","translation":"he will long withstand this mighty shaft, if truly","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήθ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνσχήσεσθαι","gloss":"so long"},{"surface":"ἀνσχήσεσθαι","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"will endure"},{"surface":"κρατερὸν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνσχήσεσθαι","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ἐτεόν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὦρσεν","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b5-l105","source":"ὦρσεν ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς ἀπορνύμενον Λυκίηθεν.","translation":"the lord, the son of Zeus, sent me forth when I left Lycia.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρσεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρσεν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀπορνύμενον","lemma":"ἀπόρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"setting out"},{"surface":"Λυκίηθεν","lemma":"Λυκίηθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπορνύμενον","gloss":"from Lycia"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b5-l106","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος· τὸν δʼ οὐ βέλος ὠκὺ δάμασσεν,","translation":"So he spoke in triumph; but the swift shaft did not subdue him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"in triumph"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δάμασσεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δάμασσεν","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ὠκὺ","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"δάμασσεν","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"subdue"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b5-l107","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀναχωρήσας πρόσθʼ ἵπποιιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν","translation":"He drew back before his horses and chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀναχωρήσας","lemma":"ἀναχωρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"drawing back"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἵπποιιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative dual masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφιν","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariots"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b5-l108","source":"ἔστη, καὶ Σθένελον προσέφη Καπανήϊον υἱόν·","translation":"stood there, and spoke to Sthenelus, son of Capaneus:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σθένελον","lemma":"Σθένελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Sthenelus"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"Καπανήϊον","lemma":"Καπανεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"son of Capaneus"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b5-l109","source":"ὄρσο πέπον Καπανηϊάδη, καταβήσεο δίφρου,","translation":"\"Up, dear son of Capaneus, climb down from the chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρσο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise up"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dear, gentle"},{"surface":"Καπανηϊάδη","lemma":"Καπανηιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Capaneus"},{"surface":"καταβήσεο","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"climb down"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταβήσεο","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b5-l110","source":"ὄφρά μοι ἐξ ὤμοιο ἐρύσσῃς πικρὸν ὀϊστόν.","translation":"so you may draw the bitter arrow from my shoulder.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὤμοιο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμοιο","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσῃς","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρά","gloss":"draw"},{"surface":"πικρὸν","lemma":"πικρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστόν","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ὀϊστόν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσσῃς","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b5-l111","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, Σθένελος δὲ καθʼ ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε,","translation":"So he spoke, and Sthenelus leapt from the horses to the ground,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Σθένελος","lemma":"Σθένελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἆλτο","gloss":"Sthenelus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of καθ̓","gloss":"from the horses"},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἆλτο","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b5-l112","source":"πὰρ δὲ στὰς βέλος ὠκὺ διαμπερὲς ἐξέρυσʼ ὤμου·","translation":"stood beside him, and pulled the swift shaft clean out of his shoulder;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξέρυσ̓","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξέρυσ̓","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ὠκὺ","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξέρυσ̓","gloss":"clean through"},{"surface":"ἐξέρυσ","lemma":"ἐξερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pulled out"},{"surface":"ὤμου","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέρυσ̓","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b5-l113","source":"αἷμα δʼ ἀνηκόντιζε διὰ στρεπτοῖο χιτῶνος.","translation":"and blood spurted out through the close-twisted tunic.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l113.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"στρεπτοῖο χιτῶνος","title":"The close-twisted tunic","body":"στρεπτός describes cloth made from twisted thread. The blood shoots through the woven tunic beneath the armor once the arrow is pulled free."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀνηκόντιζε","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνηκόντιζε","lemma":"ἀνακοντίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spurted out"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρεπτοῖο","lemma":"στρεπτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνος","gloss":"close-twisted"},{"surface":"χιτῶνος","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b5-l114","source":"δὴ τότʼ ἔπειτʼ ἠρᾶτο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Then Diomedes, good at the war-cry, prayed:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρᾶτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρᾶτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠρᾶτο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"in the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠρᾶτο","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b5-l115","source":"κλῦθί μευ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος Ἀτρυτώνη,","translation":"\"Hear me, child of Zeus who bears the aegis, unwearied one,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l115.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀτρυτώνη","title":"Athena the unwearied","body":"Ἀτρυτώνη is Athena's standing title, traditionally understood as \"unwearied\" or \"untiring.\" It is distinct from her other fixed epithets, such as \"bright-eyed\" and \"Pallas.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦθί","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλῦθί","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"Ἀτρυτώνη","lemma":"Ἀτρυτώνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Unwearied One"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b5-l116","source":"εἴ ποτέ μοι καὶ πατρὶ φίλα φρονέουσα παρέστης","translation":"if ever, kindly disposed, you stood beside my father and me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to παρέστης","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φρονέουσα","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"φρονέουσα","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρέστης","gloss":"disposed"},{"surface":"παρέστης","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"stood beside"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b5-l117","source":"δηΐῳ ἐν πολέμῳ, νῦν αὖτʼ ἐμὲ φῖλαι Ἀθήνη·","translation":"in destructive war, favor me now in turn, Athena.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηΐῳ","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμῳ","gloss":"destructive"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φῖλαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φῖλαι","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φῖλαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φῖλαι","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"favor"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b5-l118","source":"δὸς δέ τέ μʼ ἄνδρα ἑλεῖν καὶ ἐς ὁρμὴν ἔγχεος ἐλθεῖν","translation":"Grant me to slay that man and come within the cast of my spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑλεῖν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλεῖν","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἑλεῖν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to slay"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὁρμὴν","lemma":"ὁρμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ὁρμὴν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b5-l119","source":"ὅς μʼ ἔβαλε φθάμενος καὶ ἐπεύχεται, οὐδέ μέ φησι","translation":"the man who struck before I could and boasts over me, and says","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔβαλε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔβαλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"φθάμενος","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλε","gloss":"getting there first"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεύχεται","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"boasts"},{"surface":"μέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄψεσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φησι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"says"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b5-l120","source":"δηρὸν ἔτʼ ὄψεσθαι λαμπρὸν φάος ἠελίοιο.","translation":"I will not much longer look upon the bright light of the sun.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὄψεσθαι","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄψεσθαι","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"ὄψεσθαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φησι","gloss":"look upon"},{"surface":"λαμπρὸν","lemma":"λαμπρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄψεσθαι","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"of the sun"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b5-l121","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος· τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη,","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and Pallas Athena heard him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b5-l122","source":"γυῖα δʼ ἔθηκεν ἐλαφρά, πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν·","translation":"and made his limbs light, his feet and, above them, his hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἐλαφρά","lemma":"ἐλαφρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"complement of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕπερθεν","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b5-l123","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"Standing close beside him, she addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l123.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"The fixed phrase imagines spoken words as winged things traveling from speaker to hearer. This entire Greek line repeats Iliad 4.92 exactly, so its accepted English is repeated exactly as well."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱσταμένη","gloss":"near, close"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱσταμένη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b5-l124","source":"θαρσῶν νῦν Διόμηδες ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι·","translation":"\"Take courage now, Diomedes, and fight against the Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαρσῶν","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"take courage"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Διόμηδες","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b5-l125","source":"ἐν γάρ τοι στήθεσσι μένος πατρώϊον ἧκα","translation":"for I have set your father's might within your breast,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκα","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"πατρώϊον","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"ἧκα","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b5-l126","source":"ἄτρομον, οἷον ἔχεσκε σακέσπαλος ἱππότα Τυδεύς·","translation":"fearless, such as Tydeus had, the shield-brandishing horseman.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l126.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σακέσπαλος ἱππότα Τυδεύς","title":"The shield-brandishing horseman","body":"σακέσπαλος pictures Tydeus as one who wields or brandishes the shield, while ἱππότα names him as a horseman. Athena gives the son the same fearless battle-force that marked his father."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄτρομον","lemma":"ἄτρομος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fearless"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔχεσκε","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"ἔχεσκε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"σακέσπαλος","lemma":"σακέσπαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδεύς","gloss":"shield-brandishing"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τυδεύς","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Τυδεύς","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχεσκε","gloss":"Tydeus"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b5-l127","source":"ἀχλὺν δʼ αὖ τοι ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν ἕλον ἣ πρὶν ἐπῆεν,","translation":"And I have taken from your eyes the mist that covered them before,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀχλὺν","lemma":"ἀχλύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"a mist"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῶν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"removed"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπῆεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπῆεν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἐπῆεν","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀχλὺν","gloss":"was upon them"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b5-l128","source":"ὄφρʼ εὖ γιγνώσκῃς ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα.","translation":"so you may clearly distinguish both a god and a man.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l128.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα","title":"Both god and man","body":"The paired particles ἠμέν ... ἠδέ coordinate the two objects of γιγνώσκῃς: Diomedes will distinguish both divine and human combatants. The gift is sharpened perception, not merely clearer eyesight."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γιγνώσκῃς","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"γιγνώσκῃς","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"you may recognize"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b5-l129","source":"τὼ νῦν αἴ κε θεὸς πειρώμενος ἐνθάδʼ ἵκηται","translation":"Therefore, if any god should come here to test you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"πειρώμενος","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκηται","gloss":"testing"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b5-l130","source":"μή τι σύ γʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖς ἀντικρὺ μάχεσθαι","translation":"do not fight face-to-face with the immortal gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l130.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μή ... μάχεσθαι ... οὐτάμεν","title":"Infinitives used as commands","body":"Athena uses infinitives as direct commands: μή ... μάχεσθαι, \"do not fight,\" followed by οὐτάμεν, \"wound.\" The first sets the general prohibition, and the second states its single exception."}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖς","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"face-to-face"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b5-l131","source":"τοῖς ἄλλοις· ἀτὰρ εἴ κε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη","translation":"of all the others. But if Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοις","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοις","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖς","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃσ̓","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b5-l132","source":"ἔλθῃσʼ ἐς πόλεμον, τήν γʼ οὐτάμεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ.","translation":"comes into battle, wound her with sharp bronze.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλθῃσ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of οὐτάμεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐτάμεν","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to οὐτάμεν","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b5-l133","source":"ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,","translation":"So when she had spoken, bright-eyed Athena went away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went away"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b5-l134","source":"Τυδεΐδης δʼ ἐξαῦτις ἰὼν προμάχοισιν ἐμίχθη","translation":"and the son of Tydeus went back and joined the foremost fighters,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐμίχθη","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξαῦτις","lemma":"ἐξαῦτις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμίχθη","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμίχθη","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"προμάχοισιν","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐμίχθη","gloss":"foremost fighters"},{"surface":"ἐμίχθη","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"joined"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b5-l135","source":"καὶ πρίν περ θυμῷ μεμαὼς Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι·","translation":"though even before his heart had yearned to fight the Trojans;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαὼς","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μεμαὼς","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μεμαὼς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμίχθη","gloss":"yearning"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μεμαὼς","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b5-l136","source":"δὴ τότε μιν τρὶς τόσσον ἕλεν μένος ὥς τε λέοντα","translation":"but now a might three times as great seized him, like a lion","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l136.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τρὶς τόσσον","title":"Three times as great","body":"τρὶς τόσσον gives Diomedes a precisely heightened force, \"three times as much.\" The number belongs to Athena's second empowerment and should not be softened into a vague intensifier."}],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλεν","gloss":"at that time"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλεν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"ἕλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἕλεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέοντα","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a lion"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b5-l137","source":"ὅν ῥά τε ποιμὴν ἀγρῷ ἐπʼ εἰροπόκοις ὀΐεσσι","translation":"whom a shepherd among his fleecy sheep in the field","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποιμὴν","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"ἀγρῷ","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"in the field"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"εἰροπόκοις","lemma":"εἰροπόκος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀΐεσσι","gloss":"woolly"},{"surface":"ὀΐεσσι","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b5-l138","source":"χραύσῃ μέν τʼ αὐλῆς ὑπεράλμενον οὐδὲ δαμάσσῃ·","translation":"grazes as it leaps over the fold, but does not bring it down;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l138.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"χραύσῃ ... δαμάσσῃ","title":"A generalizing simile","body":"The aorist subjunctives place the lion's wounding in a typical imagined scene: a shepherd may graze the beast but fail to kill it. Homer then narrates the usual consequence in the present tense."}],"words":[{"surface":"χραύσῃ","lemma":"χραύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"grazes"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπεράλμενον","gloss":"the fold"},{"surface":"ὑπεράλμενον","lemma":"ὑπεράλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"leaping over"},{"surface":"δαμάσσῃ","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"overcome"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b5-l139","source":"τοῦ μέν τε σθένος ὦρσεν, ἔπειτα δέ τʼ οὐ προσαμύνει,","translation":"he has only roused its strength, and afterward cannot defend the flock,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ὦρσεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσαμύνει","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"προσαμύνει","lemma":"προσαμύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defend"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b5-l140","source":"ἀλλὰ κατὰ σταθμοὺς δύεται, τὰ δʼ ἐρῆμα φοβεῖται·","translation":"but it enters the pens, while the abandoned sheep scatter in fear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σταθμοὺς","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"pens"},{"surface":"δύεται","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enters"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἐρῆμα","gloss":"the sheep"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρῆμα","lemma":"ἐρῆμος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of φοβεῖται","gloss":"abandoned"},{"surface":"φοβεῖται","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scatter in fear"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b5-l141","source":"αἳ μέν τʼ ἀγχιστῖναι ἐπʼ ἀλλήλῃσι κέχυνται,","translation":"they are poured in heaps, pressed close upon one another,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κέχυνται","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγχιστῖναι","lemma":"ἀγχιστῖνος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in heaps"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλῃσι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"κέχυνται","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have been heaped"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b5-l142","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ ἐμμεμαὼς βαθέης ἐξάλλεται αὐλῆς·","translation":"while the lion in its fury leaps out from the deep fold —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξάλλεται","gloss":"the lion"},{"surface":"ἐμμεμαὼς","lemma":"ἐμμεμαώς","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξάλλεται","gloss":"in its fury"},{"surface":"βαθέης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αὐλῆς","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἐξάλλεται","lemma":"ἐξάλλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaps out"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξάλλεται","gloss":"from the fold"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b5-l143","source":"ὣς μεμαὼς Τρώεσσι μίγη κρατερὸς Διομήδης.","translation":"so mighty Diomedes plunged among the Trojans in his fury.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαὼς","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μεμαὼς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μίγη","gloss":"in his fury"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μίγη","gloss":"among the Trojans"},{"surface":"μίγη","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plunged"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μίγη","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b5-l144","source":"ἔνθʼ ἕλεν Ἀστύνοον καὶ Ὑπείρονα ποιμένα λαῶν,","translation":"There he slew Astynous and Hypeiron, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἕλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"Ἀστύνοον","lemma":"Ἀστύνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of Ὑπείρονα","gloss":"Astynous"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὑπείρονα","lemma":"Ὑπείρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hypeiron"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὑπείρονα","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b5-l145","source":"τὸν μὲν ὑπὲρ μαζοῖο βαλὼν χαλκήρεϊ δουρί,","translation":"striking the one above the nipple with his bronze-shod spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βαλὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"μαζοῖο","lemma":"μαστός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὲρ","gloss":"the nipple"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλεν","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεϊ","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρί","gloss":"bronze-tipped"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βαλὼν","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b5-l146","source":"τὸν δʼ ἕτερον ξίφεϊ μεγάλῳ κληῗδα παρʼ ὦμον","translation":"and the other with his great sword beside the shoulder, at the collarbone;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πλῆξ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕτερον","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ξίφεϊ","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πλῆξ̓","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφεϊ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κληῗδα","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πλῆξ̓","gloss":"collarbone"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b5-l147","source":"πλῆξʼ, ἀπὸ δʼ αὐχένος ὦμον ἐέργαθεν ἠδʼ ἀπὸ νώτου.","translation":"he struck, and severed the shoulder from neck and back.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l147.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κληῗδα ... αὐχένος ... νώτου","title":"The anatomy of the sword-stroke","body":"The blow lands at the κληΐς, the collarbone, where shoulder joins neck and back. Homer traces the severing across those exact points rather than giving a general statement of death."}],"words":[{"surface":"πλῆξ","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐχένος","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the neck"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐέργαθεν","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ἐέργαθεν","lemma":"ἐργαθεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"severed"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νώτου","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"of the chine"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b5-l148","source":"τοὺς μὲν ἔασʼ, ὃ δʼ Ἄβαντα μετῴχετο καὶ Πολύειδον","translation":"He left them there and went after Abas and Polyidus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔασ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔασ","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετῴχετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄβαντα","lemma":"Ἄβας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Abas"},{"surface":"μετῴχετο","lemma":"μετοίχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πολύειδον","lemma":"Πολύειδος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Polyidus"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b5-l149","source":"υἱέας Εὐρυδάμαντος ὀνειροπόλοιο γέροντος·","translation":"sons of Eurydamas, the old interpreter of dreams;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱέας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Εὐρυδάμαντος","lemma":"Εὐρυδάμας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέας","gloss":"of Eurydamas"},{"surface":"ὀνειροπόλοιο","lemma":"ὀνειρόπολος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρυδάμαντος","gloss":"dream-interpreter"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρυδάμαντος","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b5-l150","source":"τοῖς οὐκ ἐρχομένοις ὃ γέρων ἐκρίνατʼ ὀνείρους,","translation":"but the old man read no dreams for them as they went forth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκρίνατ̓","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐρχομένοις","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going forth"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκρίνατ̓","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἐκρίνατ","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"interpreted"},{"surface":"ὀνείρους","lemma":"ὄνειρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκρίνατ̓","gloss":"dreams"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b5-l151","source":"ἀλλά σφεας κρατερὸς Διομήδης ἐξενάριξε·","translation":"for mighty Diomedes slew and stripped them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew and stripped"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b5-l152","source":"βῆ δὲ μετὰ Ξάνθόν τε Θόωνά τε Φαίνοπος υἷε","translation":"Then he went after Xanthus and Thoon, the sons of Phaenops,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ξάνθόν","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θόωνά","lemma":"Θόων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Thoon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φαίνοπος","lemma":"Φαίνοψ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"of Phaenops"},{"surface":"υἷε","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"two sons"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b5-l153","source":"ἄμφω τηλυγέτω· ὃ δὲ τείρετο γήραϊ λυγρῷ,","translation":"both late-born sons; their father was worn down by bitter old age,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l153.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τηλυγέτω","title":"Late-born and dearly cherished","body":"τηλύγετος is used of a child born late to a parent and therefore especially cherished. Here the dual form marks both brothers together and deepens the cost to their aged father."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"τηλυγέτω","lemma":"τηλύγετος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"late-born"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τείρετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τείρετο","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was worn down"},{"surface":"γήραϊ","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τείρετο","gloss":"with age"},{"surface":"λυγρῷ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γήραϊ","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b5-l154","source":"υἱὸν δʼ οὐ τέκετʼ ἄλλον ἐπὶ κτεάτεσσι λιπέσθαι.","translation":"and had begotten no other son to inherit his possessions.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέκετ̓","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τέκετ","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κτεάτεσσι","lemma":"κτέαρ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"λιπέσθαι","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"as heir"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b5-l155","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ γε τοὺς ἐνάριζε, φίλον δʼ ἐξαίνυτο θυμὸν","translation":"There Diomedes killed them and took the dear life from both,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνάριζε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνάριζε","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνάριζε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐνάριζε","lemma":"ἐναρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξαίνυτο","lemma":"ἐξαίνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was taking out"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξαίνυτο","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b5-l156","source":"ἀμφοτέρω, πατέρι δὲ γόον καὶ κήδεα λυγρὰ","translation":"and left their father lamentation and bitter grief,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρω","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐξαίνυτο","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πατέρι","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖπ̓","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γόον","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδεα","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"λυγρὰ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b5-l157","source":"λεῖπʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐ ζώοντε μάχης ἐκνοστήσαντε","translation":"since he did not welcome them alive, returning home from battle;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεῖπ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ζώοντε","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκνοστήσαντε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐκνοστήσαντε","lemma":"ἐκνοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning home"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b5-l158","source":"δέξατο· χηρωσταὶ δὲ διὰ κτῆσιν δατέοντο.","translation":"instead, distant kinsmen divided his property among them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δέξατο","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"welcomed"},{"surface":"χηρωσταὶ","lemma":"χηρωσταί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δατέοντο","gloss":"distant kinsmen"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among themselves"},{"surface":"κτῆσιν","lemma":"κτῆσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δατέοντο","gloss":"property"},{"surface":"δατέοντο","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"divided"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b5-l159","source":"ἔνθʼ υἷας Πριάμοιο δύω λάβε Δαρδανίδαο","translation":"There he caught two sons of Priam, son of Dardanus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίδαο","lemma":"Δαρδανίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"son of Dardanus"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b5-l160","source":"εἰν ἑνὶ δίφρῳ ἐόντας Ἐχέμμονά τε Χρομίον τε.","translation":"Echemmon and Chromius, together in a single chariot.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἑνὶ","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δίφρῳ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δίφρῳ","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"Ἐχέμμονά","lemma":"Ἐχέμμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Echemmon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Χρομίον","lemma":"Χρομίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Chromius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b5-l161","source":"ὡς δὲ λέων ἐν βουσὶ θορὼν ἐξ αὐχένα ἄξῃ","translation":"As a lion, leaping among cattle, breaks the neck","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l161.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς δὲ λέων ... ὣς","title":"The simile's frame","body":"ὡς opens the image of the lion and ὣς at line 163 returns to Diomedes. The paired words keep the animal attack and the battlefield action structurally distinct while making one interpret the other."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄξῃ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄξῃ","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βουσὶ","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"θορὼν","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄξῃ","gloss":"leaping"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄξῃ","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"ἄξῃ","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to βῆσε","gloss":"breaks"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b5-l162","source":"πόρτιος ἠὲ βοὸς ξύλοχον κάτα βοσκομενάων,","translation":"of a heifer or cow grazing in a thicket,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόρτιος","lemma":"πόρτις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"of a heifer"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"of a cow"},{"surface":"ξύλοχον","lemma":"ξύλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κάτα","gloss":"thicket"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"βοσκομενάων","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"grazing"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b5-l163","source":"ὣς τοὺς ἀμφοτέρους ἐξ ἵππων Τυδέος υἱὸς","translation":"so the son of Tydeus cast both men from their chariot,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βῆσε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of βῆσε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρους","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοὺς","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b5-l164","source":"βῆσε κακῶς ἀέκοντας, ἔπειτα δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα·","translation":"violently and against their will, then stripped their armor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l164.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βῆσε κακῶς ἀέκοντας","title":"Made them dismount","body":"The causative aorist βῆσε means that Diomedes \"made them go\" from the chariot. κακῶς and ἀέκοντας sharpen the sense: the dismounting is violent and wholly against their will."}],"words":[{"surface":"βῆσε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast down"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βῆσε","gloss":"violently"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντας","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against their will"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσύλα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐσύλα","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐσύλα","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b5-l165","source":"ἵππους δʼ οἷς ἑτάροισι δίδου μετὰ νῆας ἐλαύνειν.","translation":"He gave the horses to his companions to drive down to the ships.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to the ships"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνειν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δίδου","gloss":"to drive"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b5-l166","source":"τὸν δʼ ἴδεν Αἰνείας ἀλαπάζοντα στίχας ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"Aeneas saw him laying waste the ranks of men,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ἀλαπάζοντα","lemma":"ἀλαπάζω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"laying waste"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλαπάζοντα","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b5-l167","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἄν τε μάχην καὶ ἀνὰ κλόνον ἐγχειάων","translation":"and went through the battle and the tumult of spears,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄν","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"κλόνον","lemma":"κλόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"tumult"},{"surface":"ἐγχειάων","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies κλόνον","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b5-l168","source":"Πάνδαρον ἀντίθεον διζήμενος εἴ που ἐφεύροι·","translation":"searching for godlike Pandarus, in hope of finding him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάνδαρον","lemma":"Πάνδαρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διζήμενος","gloss":"Pandarus"},{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πάνδαρον","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"διζήμενος","lemma":"δίζημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"seeking"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἐφεύροι","lemma":"ἐφευρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"might find"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b5-l169","source":"εὗρε Λυκάονος υἱὸν ἀμύμονά τε κρατερόν τε,","translation":"He found the son of Lycaon, blameless and mighty,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρε","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Lycaon"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονά","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρατερόν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b5-l170","source":"στῆ δὲ πρόσθʼ αὐτοῖο ἔπος τέ μιν ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"stood before him, and spoke a word to him face-to-face:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖο","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of πρόσθ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"face-to-face"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b5-l171","source":"Πάνδαρε ποῦ τοι τόξον ἰδὲ πτερόεντες ὀϊστοὶ","translation":"\"Pandarus, where are your bow and your winged arrows,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάνδαρε","lemma":"Πάνδαρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Pandarus"},{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτερόεντες","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστοὶ","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"ὀϊστοὶ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b5-l172","source":"καὶ κλέος; ᾧ οὔ τίς τοι ἐρίζεται ἐνθάδε γʼ ἀνήρ,","translation":"and your fame? No man here can rival you in it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐρίζεται","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρίζεται","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρίζεται","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rival"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρίζεται","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρίζεται","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b5-l173","source":"οὐδέ τις ἐν Λυκίῃ σέο γʼ εὔχεται εἶναι ἀμείνων.","translation":"nor does anyone in Lycia boast that he is better than you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχεται","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Λυκίῃ","lemma":"Λυκία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀμείνων","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boast"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b5-l174","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε τῷδʼ ἔφες ἀνδρὶ βέλος Διὶ χεῖρας ἀνασχὼν","translation":"Come, lift your hands to Zeus and loose a shaft at this man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but, come"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"τῷδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔφες","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loose"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔφες","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφες","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχὼν","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχὼν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνασχὼν","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφες","gloss":"holding up"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b5-l175","source":"ὅς τις ὅδε κρατέει καὶ δὴ κακὰ πολλὰ ἔοργε","translation":"whoever he is, who holds sway and has already done much harm","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κρατέει","lemma":"κρατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"hold sway"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔοργε","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἔοργε","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"has done"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b5-l176","source":"Τρῶας, ἐπεὶ πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν·","translation":"to the Trojans, since he has loosed the knees of many noble men —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔοργε","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλῶν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσεν","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔλυσεν","lemma":"ἐλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"loosed"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b5-l177","source":"εἰ μή τις θεός ἐστι κοτεσσάμενος Τρώεσσιν","translation":"unless he is some god, angered at the Trojans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"κοτεσσάμενος","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"growing angry"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κοτεσσάμενος","gloss":"to the Trojans"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b5-l178","source":"ἱρῶν μηνίσας· χαλεπὴ δὲ θεοῦ ἔπι μῆνις.","translation":"and enraged over sacrifices; for the wrath of a god bears hard.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l178.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεοῦ ... μῆνις","title":"A god's wrath","body":"μῆνις is the same weighty word that opens the Iliad for Achilles' wrath, though it is most naturally divine. Aeneas fears that some neglected sacrifice has brought that terrible sacred anger upon the Trojans."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἱρῶν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηνίσας","gloss":"over sacrifices"},{"surface":"μηνίσας","lemma":"μηνίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"χαλεπὴ","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆνις","gloss":"of the god"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"μῆνις","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wrath"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b5-l179","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·","translation":"Then the glorious son of Lycaon addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Lycaon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b5-l180","source":"Αἰνεία Τρώων βουληφόρε χαλκοχιτώνων","translation":"\"Aeneas, counselor of the bronze-clad Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνεία","lemma":"αἰνείας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies βουληφόρε","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"βουληφόρε","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰνεία","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b5-l181","source":"Τυδεΐδῃ μιν ἔγωγε δαΐφρονι πάντα ἐΐσκω,","translation":"in every way I take him for the warlike son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐΐσκω","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐΐσκω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐΐσκω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Τυδεΐδῃ","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐΐσκω","gloss":"altogether"},{"surface":"ἐΐσκω","lemma":"ἐίσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take for"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b5-l182","source":"ἀσπίδι γιγνώσκων αὐλώπιδί τε τρυφαλείῃ,","translation":"knowing him by his shield and his hollow-eyed helmet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l182.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αὐλώπιδί ... τρυφαλείῃ","title":"The hollow-eyed helmet","body":"αὐλῶπις describes the helmet by its tube-like or hollow openings, probably the eye-pieces of its face protection. Pandarus recognizes Diomedes by the distinctive pairing of shield and helmet."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίδι","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"by his shield"},{"surface":"γιγνώσκων","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"knowing (it)"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρυφαλείῃ","lemma":"τρυφάλεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"helmet"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b5-l183","source":"ἵππους τʼ εἰσορόων· σάφα δʼ οὐκ οἶδʼ εἰ θεός ἐστιν.","translation":"and seeing his horses; yet I do not know for certain if he is a god.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσορόων","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰσορόων","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδ̓","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἰ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b5-l184","source":"εἰ δʼ ὅ γʼ ἀνὴρ ὅν φημι δαΐφρων Τυδέος υἱὸς","translation":"But if he is the man I say, the warlike son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"δαΐφρων","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b5-l185","source":"οὐχ ὅ γʼ ἄνευθε θεοῦ τάδε μαίνεται, ἀλλά τις ἄγχι","translation":"he does not rage this way without a god; one of the immortals","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαίνεται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνευθε","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄνευθε","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μαίνεται","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"μαίνεται","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕστηκ̓","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕστηκ̓","gloss":"near"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b5-l186","source":"ἕστηκʼ ἀθανάτων νεφέλῃ εἰλυμένος ὤμους,","translation":"stands near him with his shoulders wrapped in cloud,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l186.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νεφέλῃ εἰλυμένος ὤμους","title":"Wrapped in cloud","body":"The perfect middle participle εἰλυμένος presents the hidden god as already enveloped in cloud, with ὤμους specifying the part affected: \"wrapped in cloud about the shoulders.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστηκ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the immortals"},{"surface":"νεφέλῃ","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰλυμένος","gloss":"in cloud"},{"surface":"εἰλυμένος","lemma":"εἰλύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστηκ̓","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"ὤμους","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰλυμένος","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b5-l187","source":"ὃς τούτου βέλος ὠκὺ κιχήμενον ἔτραπεν ἄλλῃ.","translation":"and turned my swift shaft aside when it reached him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτραπεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τούτου","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔτραπεν","gloss":"of him"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔτραπεν","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ὠκὺ","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"κιχήμενον","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"reaching him"},{"surface":"ἔτραπεν","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τις","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔτραπεν","gloss":"elsewhere"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b5-l188","source":"ἤδη γάρ οἱ ἐφῆκα βέλος, καί μιν βάλον ὦμον","translation":"For already I loosed a shaft at him and struck his right","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφῆκα","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφῆκα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐφῆκα","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφῆκα","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βάλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλον","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b5-l189","source":"δεξιὸν ἀντικρὺ διὰ θώρηκος γυάλοιο·","translation":"shoulder, clean through the plate of his corselet,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"θώρηκος","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γυάλοιο","gloss":"of his corselet"},{"surface":"γυάλοιο","lemma":"γύαλον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"plate"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b5-l190","source":"καί μιν ἔγωγʼ ἐφάμην Ἀϊδωνῆϊ προϊάψειν,","translation":"and I thought I would send him down to Hades,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προϊάψειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔγωγ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφάμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"Ἀϊδωνῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προϊάψειν","gloss":"to Hades"},{"surface":"προϊάψειν","lemma":"προιάπτω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐφάμην","gloss":"send down"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b5-l191","source":"ἔμπης δʼ οὐκ ἐδάμασσα· θεός νύ τίς ἐστι κοτήεις.","translation":"but still I did not subdue him; some god must be angry.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδάμασσα","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐδάμασσα","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"subdued"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"some god"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"κοτήεις","lemma":"κοτήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"angry"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b5-l192","source":"ἵπποι δʼ οὐ παρέασι καὶ ἅρματα τῶν κʼ ἐπιβαίην·","translation":"And I have no horses here, nor any chariot I might mount,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"παρέασι","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are present"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιβαίην","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐπιβαίην","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἅρματα","gloss":"might mount"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b5-l193","source":"ἀλλά που ἐν μεγάροισι Λυκάονος ἕνδεκα δίφροι","translation":"though somewhere in Lycaon's halls stand eleven chariots,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, instead"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροισι","gloss":"of Lycaon"},{"surface":"ἕνδεκα","lemma":"ἕνδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies δίφροι","gloss":"eleven"},{"surface":"δίφροι","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"chariots"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b5-l194","source":"καλοὶ πρωτοπαγεῖς νεοτευχέες· ἀμφὶ δὲ πέπλοι","translation":"fine, newly fitted, freshly made, with covers","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλοὶ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"πρωτοπαγεῖς","lemma":"πρωτοπαγής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"newly fitted"},{"surface":"νεοτευχέες","lemma":"νεοτευχής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"newly made"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέπλοι","lemma":"πέπλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πέπτανται","gloss":"covers"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b5-l195","source":"πέπτανται· παρὰ δέ σφιν ἑκάστῳ δίζυγες ἵπποι","translation":"spread around them; beside each one a yoked pair of horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέπτανται","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are spread"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"δίζυγες","lemma":"δίζυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"yoked in pairs"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑστᾶσι","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b5-l196","source":"ἑστᾶσι κρῖ λευκὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι καὶ ὀλύρας.","translation":"stands eating white barley and spelt.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστᾶσι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"κρῖ","lemma":"κρῖ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"barley"},{"surface":"λευκὸν","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρῖ","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ἐρεπτόμενοι","lemma":"ἐρέπτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑστᾶσι","gloss":"feeding on"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλύρας","lemma":"ὄλυρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spelt"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b5-l197","source":"ἦ μέν μοι μάλα πολλὰ γέρων αἰχμητὰ Λυκάων","translation":"Indeed the old spearman Lycaon urged me again and again","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"again and again"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λυκάων","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"αἰχμητὰ","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λυκάων","gloss":"spearman"},{"surface":"Λυκάων","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"Lycaon"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b5-l198","source":"ἐρχομένῳ ἐπέτελλε δόμοις ἔνι ποιητοῖσιν·","translation":"as I set out from our well-built halls;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχομένῳ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as I set out"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλε","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"δόμοις","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ποιητοῖσιν","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοις","gloss":"well-built"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b5-l199","source":"ἵπποισίν μʼ ἐκέλευε καὶ ἅρμασιν ἐμβεβαῶτα","translation":"he bade me mount my horses and chariot","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποισίν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"on horses"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκέλευε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρμασιν","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"ἐμβεβαῶτα","lemma":"ἐμβαίνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having mounted"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b5-l200","source":"ἀρχεύειν Τρώεσσι κατὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας·","translation":"and lead the Trojans through the mighty battles.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχεύειν","lemma":"ἀρχεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευε","gloss":"to lead"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρχεύειν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερὰς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνας","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνας","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"battle-press"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b5-l201","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐ πιθόμην· ἦ τʼ ἂν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν·","translation":"But I did not obey him; it would have been far better if I had.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"no, but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πιθόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πιθόμην","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"had been"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b5-l202","source":"ἵππων φειδόμενος, μή μοι δευοίατο φορβῆς","translation":"I was sparing the horses, fearing they would lack fodder","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of φειδόμενος","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"φειδόμενος","lemma":"φείδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sparing"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δευοίατο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δευοίατο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"might lack"},{"surface":"φορβῆς","lemma":"φορβή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of δευοίατο","gloss":"fodder"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b5-l203","source":"ἀνδρῶν εἰλομένων εἰωθότες ἔδμεναι ἄδην.","translation":"with men crowded together, though the horses were accustomed to eating their fill.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l203.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰωθότες ἔδμεναι","title":"Accustomed to eat","body":"The perfect participle εἰωθότες, from ἔθω, describes an established habit and takes the infinitive ἔδμεναι: the horses are accustomed to eat until satisfied. That settled routine motivates Pandarus' mistaken caution."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰλομένων","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"εἰλομένων","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δευοίατο","gloss":"crowded together"},{"surface":"εἰωθότες","lemma":"ἔθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δευοίατο","gloss":"accustomed"},{"surface":"ἔδμεναι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"active infinitive","role":"object of εἰωθότες","gloss":"to eat"},{"surface":"ἄδην","lemma":"ἅδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδμεναι","gloss":"their fill"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b5-l204","source":"ὣς λίπον, αὐτὰρ πεζὸς ἐς Ἴλιον εἰλήλουθα","translation":"So I left them, and came on foot to Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"λίπον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πεζὸς","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have come"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b5-l205","source":"τόξοισιν πίσυνος· τὰ δέ μʼ οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ὀνήσειν.","translation":"trusting in my bow; but it was not destined to help me.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξοισιν","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πίσυνος","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"πίσυνος","lemma":"πίσυνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμελλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀνήσειν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destined"},{"surface":"ὀνήσειν","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"to help"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b5-l206","source":"ἤδη γὰρ δοιοῖσιν ἀριστήεσσιν ἐφῆκα","translation":"For already I have loosed shafts at two great champions,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφῆκα","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δοιοῖσιν","lemma":"δοιοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστήεσσιν","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἀριστήεσσιν","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"champions"},{"surface":"ἐφῆκα","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b5-l207","source":"Τυδεΐδῃ τε καὶ Ἀτρεΐδῃ, ἐκ δʼ ἀμφοτέροιιν","translation":"the son of Tydeus and the son of Atreus, and by striking drew","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"at Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"object","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"at Atreus' son"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροιιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive dual masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b5-l208","source":"ἀτρεκὲς αἷμʼ ἔσσευα βαλών, ἤγειρα δὲ μᾶλλον.","translation":"unmistakable blood from both, yet only roused them more.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l208.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀτρεκὲς αἷμα","title":"Unmistakable blood","body":"ἀτρεκής means exact, sure, or unmistakable. Pandarus insists that both hits truly drew blood, making the failure of his arrows more baffling and bitter to him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀτρεκὲς","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔσσευα","gloss":"unmistakable"},{"surface":"αἷμ","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔσσευα","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ἔσσευα","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"βαλών","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσσευα","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"ἤγειρα","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγειρα","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b5-l209","source":"τώ ῥα κακῇ αἴσῃ ἀπὸ πασσάλου ἀγκύλα τόξα","translation":"So by an evil fate I took my curved bow from its peg","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κακῇ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴσῃ","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"αἴσῃ","lemma":"αἶσις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλόμην","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πασσάλου","lemma":"πάσσαλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"peg"},{"surface":"ἀγκύλα","lemma":"ἀγκύλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλόμην","gloss":"the bow"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b5-l210","source":"ἤματι τῷ ἑλόμην ὅτε Ἴλιον εἰς ἐρατεινὴν","translation":"on the day I came as a leader for the Trojans to lovely Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλόμην","gloss":"on the day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἑλόμην","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινὴν","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b5-l211","source":"ἡγεόμην Τρώεσσι φέρων χάριν Ἕκτορι δίῳ.","translation":"bringing favor to godlike Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγεόμην","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτε","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἡγεόμην","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγεόμην","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"χάριν","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"favor"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"for Hector"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b5-l212","source":"εἰ δέ κε νοστήσω καὶ ἐσόψομαι ὀφθαλμοῖσι","translation":"But if I return home and look upon with my own eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"νοστήσω","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσόψομαι","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"look upon"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσι","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐσόψομαι","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b5-l213","source":"πατρίδʼ ἐμὴν ἄλοχόν τε καὶ ὑψερεφὲς μέγα δῶμα,","translation":"my native land, my wife, and my great high-roofed house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρίδ","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"native land"},{"surface":"ἐμὴν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πατρίδ̓","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἄλοχόν","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑψερεφὲς","lemma":"ὑψερεφής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"high-roofed"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b5-l214","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπʼ ἐμεῖο κάρη τάμοι ἀλλότριος φὼς","translation":"then may some stranger cut my head from me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμοι","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμοι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τάμοι","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τάμοι","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would cut"},{"surface":"ἀλλότριος","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φὼς","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"φὼς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τάμοι","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b5-l215","source":"εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ τάδε τόξα φαεινῷ ἐν πυρὶ θείην","translation":"if I do not set this bow in the blazing fire","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θείην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θείην","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὶ","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"θείην","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b5-l216","source":"χερσὶ διακλάσσας· ἀνεμώλια γάρ μοι ὀπηδεῖ.","translation":"after breaking it apart with my hands; it follows me as an empty thing.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l216.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνεμώλια","title":"Empty as wind","body":"ἀνεμώλιος is built on ἄνεμος, \"wind,\" and describes what is empty, vain, or useless. Pandarus condemns the bow as a worthless companion despite its two undeniable hits."}],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διακλάσσας","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"διακλάσσας","lemma":"διακλάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θείην","gloss":"breaking apart"},{"surface":"ἀνεμώλια","lemma":"ἀνεμώλιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"useless things"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀπηδεῖ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὀπηδεῖ","lemma":"ὀπαδέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b5-l217","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Αἰνείας Τρώων ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Aeneas, leader of the Trojans, spoke to him face-to-face:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b5-l218","source":"μὴ δʼ οὕτως ἀγόρευε· πάρος δʼ οὐκ ἔσσεται ἄλλως,","translation":"\"Do not speak this way. Nothing will change before","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"otherwise"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b5-l219","source":"πρίν γʼ ἐπὶ νὼ τῷδʼ ἀνδρὶ σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν","translation":"the two of us go against this man with horses and chariot","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l219.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νὼ ... ἐλθόντε","title":"The two of us","body":"The pronoun νώ and participle ἐλθόντε are both dual, marking Aeneas and Pandarus as a pair. Aeneas' plan depends on their two distinct roles in a single chariot team."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πειρηθῆναι","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"τῷδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλθόντε","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἵπποισιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφιν","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"chariots"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b5-l220","source":"ἀντιβίην ἐλθόντε σὺν ἔντεσι πειρηθῆναι.","translation":"and meet him face-to-face, testing him with our arms.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιβίην","lemma":"ἀντιβίην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλθόντε","gloss":"face-to-face"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to πειρηθῆναι","gloss":"having gone"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἔντεσι","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"πειρηθῆναι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"to test him"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b5-l221","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἐμῶν ὀχέων ἐπιβήσεο, ὄφρα ἴδηαι","translation":"Come, mount my chariot, so you may see","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but, come"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἐμῶν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀχέων","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιβήσεο","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἐπιβήσεο","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mount"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἴδηαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"you may see"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b5-l222","source":"οἷοι Τρώϊοι ἵπποι ἐπιστάμενοι πεδίοιο","translation":"what the horses of Tros are like, trained across the plain","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷοι","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"what sort"},{"surface":"Τρώϊοι","lemma":"Τρωιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"of Tros"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐπιστάμενοι","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"across the plain"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b5-l223","source":"κραιπνὰ μάλʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα διωκέμεν ἠδὲ φέβεσθαι·","translation":"to chase swiftly here and there, and to flee.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κραιπνὰ","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"διωκέμεν","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to chase, pursue"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέβεσθαι","lemma":"φέβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to flee"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b5-l224","source":"τὼ καὶ νῶϊ πόλιν δὲ σαώσετον, εἴ περ ἂν αὖτε","translation":"They will save us both and bear us to the city, even if once more","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l224.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ ... νῶϊ ... σαώσετον","title":"A dual team saves a dual pair","body":"τὼ refers to the two horses, νῶϊ to the two warriors, and σαώσετον is a third-person dual future: \"those two will save us two.\" Greek grammar makes the matched pairs especially vivid."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σαώσετον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of σαώσετον","gloss":"us both"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σαώσετον","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"σαώσετον","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will save"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρέξῃ","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b5-l225","source":"Ζεὺς ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδῃ Διομήδεϊ κῦδος ὀρέξῃ.","translation":"Zeus grants glory to Diomedes, son of Tydeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρέξῃ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδεϊ","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"Διομήδεϊ","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀρέξῃ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀρέξῃ","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"offers"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b5-l226","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα","translation":"Come now, take the whip and the shining reins,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"no, but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέξαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μάστιγα","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the reins"},{"surface":"σιγαλόεντα","lemma":"σιγαλόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἡνία","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b5-l227","source":"δέξαι, ἐγὼ δʼ ἵππων ἀποβήσομαι ὄφρα μάχωμαι·","translation":"and I will dismount from the horses to fight;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δέξαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποβήσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποβήσομαι","gloss":"from the horses"},{"surface":"ἀποβήσομαι","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dismount"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μάχωμαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may fight"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b5-l228","source":"ἠὲ σὺ τόνδε δέδεξο, μελήσουσιν δʼ ἐμοὶ ἵπποι.","translation":"or you face this man, and the horses will be my care.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δέδεξο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τόνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέδεξο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέδεξο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"μελήσουσιν","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be a care"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μελήσουσιν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μελήσουσιν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b5-l229","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·","translation":"Then the glorious son of Lycaon addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Lycaon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b5-l230","source":"Αἰνεία σὺ μὲν αὐτὸς ἔχʼ ἡνία καὶ τεὼ ἵππω·","translation":"\"Aeneas, keep the reins yourself, and your own two horses.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνεία","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the reins"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεὼ","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππω","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἵππω","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b5-l231","source":"μᾶλλον ὑφʼ ἡνιόχῳ εἰωθότι καμπύλον ἅρμα","translation":"They will bear the curved chariot better beneath their accustomed driver","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἴσετον","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχῳ","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑφ̓","gloss":"driver"},{"surface":"εἰωθότι","lemma":"ἔθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἡνιόχῳ","gloss":"accustomed"},{"surface":"καμπύλον","lemma":"καμπύλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμα","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"ἅρμα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οἴσετον","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b5-l232","source":"οἴσετον, εἴ περ ἂν αὖτε φεβώμεθα Τυδέος υἱόν·","translation":"if once more we flee before the son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴσετον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bear"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φεβώμεθα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φεβώμεθα","lemma":"φέβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"we flee"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φεβώμεθα","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b5-l233","source":"μὴ τὼ μὲν δείσαντε ματήσετον, οὐδʼ ἐθέλητον","translation":"lest they take fright and run astray, and refuse","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ματήσετον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δείσαντε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ματήσετον","gloss":"having taken fright"},{"surface":"ματήσετον","lemma":"ματάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd dual verb","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"run astray"},{"surface":"ἐθέλητον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd dual verb","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"refuse"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b5-l234","source":"ἐκφερέμεν πολέμοιο τεὸν φθόγγον ποθέοντε,","translation":"to carry us out of the fighting, longing for the sound of your voice;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκφερέμεν","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλητον","gloss":"to carry from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκφερέμεν","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φθόγγον","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"φθόγγον","lemma":"φθόγγος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποθέοντε","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"ποθέοντε","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλητον","gloss":"longing for"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b5-l235","source":"νῶϊ δʼ ἐπαΐξας μεγαθύμου Τυδέος υἱὸς","translation":"then the son of great-hearted Tydeus will spring upon us","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπαΐξας","gloss":"upon us"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξας","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κτείνῃ","gloss":"springing"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδέος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b5-l236","source":"αὐτώ τε κτείνῃ καὶ ἐλάσσῃ μώνυχας ἵππους.","translation":"and kill us both, and drive off the single-hoofed horses.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτώ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of κτείνῃ","gloss":"us both"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτείνῃ","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλάσσῃ","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drive off"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλάσσῃ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b5-l237","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ αὐτὸς ἔλαυνε τέʼ ἅρματα καὶ τεὼ ἵππω,","translation":"No, drive your own chariot and your own two horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλαυνε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἔλαυνε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τέος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρματα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεὼ","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππω","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἵππω","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b5-l238","source":"τὸν δὲ δʼ ἐγὼν ἐπιόντα δεδέξομαι ὀξέϊ δουρί.","translation":"and I will meet him as he comes with my sharp spear.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δεδέξομαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δεδέξομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπιόντα","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he comes"},{"surface":"δεδέξομαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will meet"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρί","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δεδέξομαι","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b5-l239","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντες ἐς ἅρματα ποικίλα βάντες","translation":"So speaking, they mounted the richly wrought chariot","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσαντες","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσαντες","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"ποικίλα","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρματα","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"βάντες","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"having mounted"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b5-l240","source":"ἐμμεμαῶτʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδῃ ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους.","translation":"and eagerly drove the swift horses against the son of Tydeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμμεμαῶτ","lemma":"ἐμμεμαώς","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b5-l241","source":"τοὺς δὲ ἴδε Σθένελος Καπανήϊος ἀγλαὸς υἱός,","translation":"But Sthenelus, the glorious son of Capaneus, saw them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Σθένελος","lemma":"σθένελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Sthenelus"},{"surface":"Καπανήϊος","lemma":"Καπανεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"son of Capaneus"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b5-l242","source":"αἶψα δὲ Τυδεΐδην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and at once addressed the son of Tydeus with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l242.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"The standing phrase pictures spoken words as winged things passing swiftly from speaker to hearer. Its fixed English wording marks Sthenelus' warning as a formal speech within the rush of battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδην","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b5-l243","source":"Τυδεΐδη Διόμηδες ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ,","translation":"\"Diomedes, son of Tydeus, dear to my heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδη","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διόμηδες","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"Διόμηδες","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κεχαρισμένε","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifies Διόμηδες","gloss":"dear to"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχαρισμένε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b5-l244","source":"ἄνδρʼ ὁρόω κρατερὼ ἐπὶ σοὶ μεμαῶτε μάχεσθαι","translation":"I see two mighty men eager to fight against you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρόω","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὁρόω","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I see"},{"surface":"κρατερὼ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδῤ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτε","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μεμαῶτε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b5-l245","source":"ἶνʼ ἀπέλεθρον ἔχοντας· ὃ μὲν τόξων ἐῢ εἰδὼς","translation":"both armed with boundless strength: one is skilled with the bow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l245.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄνδρ' ... κρατερὼ ... μεμαῶτε","title":"Two warriors in the dual","body":"The dual adjective κρατερώ and participle μεμαῶτε present Pandarus and Aeneas as one attacking pair. The singular ὃ μέν then begins to distinguish the archer from his chariot partner."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἶν","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντας","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἀπέλεθρον","lemma":"ἀπέλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἶν̓","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"ἔχοντας","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόξων","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰδὼς","gloss":"with the bow"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδὼς","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδὼς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Πάνδαρος","gloss":"skilled"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b5-l246","source":"Πάνδαρος, υἱὸς δʼ αὖτε Λυκάονος εὔχεται εἶναι·","translation":"Pandarus, who boasts that he is the son of Lycaon;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάνδαρος","lemma":"Πάνδαρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Pandarus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Lycaon"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he claims"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b5-l247","source":"Αἰνείας δʼ υἱὸς μὲν ἀμύμονος Ἀγχίσαο","translation":"and Aeneas boasts that he was born the son","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὔχεται","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγχίσαο","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Ἀγχίσαο","lemma":"Ἀγχίσης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Anchises"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b5-l248","source":"εὔχεται ἐκγεγάμεν, μήτηρ δέ οἵ ἐστʼ Ἀφροδίτη.","translation":"of blameless Anchises, while his mother is Aphrodite.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boasts"},{"surface":"ἐκγεγάμεν","lemma":"ἐκγίγνομαι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"was born"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστ̓","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b5-l249","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ χαζώμεθʼ ἐφʼ ἵππων, μηδέ μοι οὕτω","translation":"Come, let us give ground on the horses; do not charge so","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"no, but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χαζώμεθ","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give ground"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφ̓","gloss":"from the horses"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to θῦνε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θῦνε","gloss":"so"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b5-l250","source":"θῦνε διὰ προμάχων, μή πως φίλον ἦτορ ὀλέσσῃς.","translation":"through the foremost fighters, lest you lose your dear life.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῦνε","lemma":"θύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charge"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"front fighters"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσσῃς","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀλέσσῃς","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὀλέσσῃς","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"you lose"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b5-l251","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Then, glaring at him from under his brows, mighty Diomedes spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"from under his brows"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"glaring"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b5-l252","source":"μή τι φόβον δʼ ἀγόρευʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ σὲ πεισέμεν οἴω.","translation":"\"Say nothing of flight, for I do not think you will persuade me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρεὐ","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγόρεὐ","gloss":"of flight"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευ","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of πεισέμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πεισέμεν","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of οἴω","gloss":"persuade"},{"surface":"οἴω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b5-l253","source":"οὐ γάρ μοι γενναῖον ἀλυσκάζοντι μάχεσθαι","translation":"It is not in my nature to fight while shrinking away","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"γενναῖον","lemma":"γενναῖος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἀλυσκάζοντι","lemma":"ἀλυσκάζω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"shrinking away"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b5-l254","source":"οὐδὲ καταπτώσσειν· ἔτι μοι μένος ἔμπεδόν ἐστιν·","translation":"or to cower; my strength is still steady within me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καταπτώσσειν","lemma":"καταπτώσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"to cower"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδόν","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b5-l255","source":"ὀκνείω δʼ ἵππων ἐπιβαινέμεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὔτως","translation":"I am reluctant to mount the horses, but even as I am","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀκνείω","lemma":"ὀκνέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am reluctant"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβαινέμεν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐπιβαινέμεν","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀκνείω","gloss":"to mount"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμ̓","gloss":"just as"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b5-l256","source":"ἀντίον εἶμʼ αὐτῶν· τρεῖν μʼ οὐκ ἐᾷ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.","translation":"I will meet them face-to-face; Pallas Athena does not let me flee.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἶμ̓","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"εἶμ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀντίον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"τρεῖν","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐᾷ","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τρεῖν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐᾷ","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐᾷ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b5-l257","source":"τούτω δʼ οὐ πάλιν αὖτις ἀποίσετον ὠκέες ἵπποι","translation":"The swift horses will not carry these two back again,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l257.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τούτω ... ἀποίσετον","title":"The attacking pair","body":"The demonstrative τούτω and future verb ἀποίσετον are dual: the horses will not carry both Pandarus and Aeneas away. The next line sets this paired fate against the possibility that only one escapes."}],"words":[{"surface":"τούτω","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀποίσετον","gloss":"these two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποίσετον","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποίσετον","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀποίσετον","lemma":"ἀποφέρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry back"},{"surface":"ὠκέες","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποίσετον","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b5-l258","source":"ἄμφω ἀφʼ ἡμείων, εἴ γʼ οὖν ἕτερός γε φύγῃσιν.","translation":"both away from us, even if one of them should escape.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies τούτω","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"ἡμείων","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφ̓","gloss":"of us"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at any rate"},{"surface":"ἕτερός","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of φύγῃσιν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φύγῃσιν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should escape"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b5-l259","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν·","translation":"And I will tell you another thing; lay it up in your heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l259.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν","title":"Lay it in your heart","body":"The phrase literally tells Sthenelus to cast the instruction into his φρένες, the inner faculties of thought and resolve. This entire Greek line repeats Iliad 4.39 and therefore keeps its accepted English exactly."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of βάλλεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"βάλλεο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay it up"},{"surface":"σῇσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b5-l260","source":"αἴ κέν μοι πολύβουλος Ἀθήνη κῦδος ὀρέξῃ","translation":"if Athena of many counsels grants me glory","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀρέξῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πολύβουλος","lemma":"πολύβουλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"many-counseled"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀρέξῃ","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀρέξῃ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀρέξῃ","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"may grant"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b5-l261","source":"ἀμφοτέρω κτεῖναι, σὺ δὲ τούσδε μὲν ὠκέας ἵππους","translation":"to kill them both, hold these swift horses here","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρω","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of κτεῖναι","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"κτεῖναι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρυκακέειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τούσδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρυκακέειν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b5-l262","source":"αὐτοῦ ἐρυκακέειν ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας,","translation":"by drawing the reins taut from the chariot rail,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρυκακέειν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐρυκακέειν","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to hold back"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἄντυγος","lemma":"ἄντυξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariot rail"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τείνας","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"τείνας","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρυκακέειν","gloss":"drawing taut"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b5-l263","source":"Αἰνείαο δʼ ἐπαΐξαι μεμνημένος ἵππων,","translation":"but remember to spring upon Aeneas' horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείαο","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"Aeneas'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξαι","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to spring upon"},{"surface":"μεμνημένος","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπαΐξαι","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεμνημένος","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b5-l264","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἐλάσαι Τρώων μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"and drive them from the Trojans among the well-greaved Achaeans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλάσαι","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδας","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b5-l265","source":"τῆς γάρ τοι γενεῆς ἧς Τρωΐ περ εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","translation":"For they are of the stock which wide-thundering Zeus gave to Tros","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies γενεῆς","gloss":"of that"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γενεῆς","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stock"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δῶχ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Τρωΐ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶχ̓","gloss":"to Tros"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶχ̓","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b5-l266","source":"δῶχʼ υἷος ποινὴν Γανυμήδεος, οὕνεκʼ ἄριστοι","translation":"as payment for his son Ganymede, because they are the best","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶχ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γενεῆς","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of his son"},{"surface":"ποινὴν","lemma":"ποινή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"recompense"},{"surface":"Γανυμήδεος","lemma":"Γανυμήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Ganymede"},{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b5-l267","source":"ἵππων ὅσσοι ἔασιν ὑπʼ ἠῶ τʼ ἠέλιόν τε,","translation":"of all horses beneath the Dawn and the sun.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"of horses"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκ̓","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιόν","lemma":"ἥλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b5-l268","source":"τῆς γενεῆς ἔκλεψεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγχίσης","translation":"From that stock Anchises, lord of men, stole a breed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies γενεῆς","gloss":"of that"},{"surface":"γενεῆς","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκλεψεν","gloss":"stock"},{"surface":"ἔκλεψεν","lemma":"κλέπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stole"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγχίσης","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγχίσης","lemma":"Ἀγχίσης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλεψεν","gloss":"Anchises"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b5-l269","source":"λάθρῃ Λαομέδοντος ὑποσχὼν θήλεας ἵππους·","translation":"putting his mares beneath them without Laomedon's knowledge;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάθρῃ","lemma":"λάθρῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποσχὼν","gloss":"in secret"},{"surface":"Λαομέδοντος","lemma":"Λαομέδων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάθρῃ","gloss":"from Laomedon"},{"surface":"ὑποσχὼν","lemma":"ὑπέχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκλεψεν","gloss":"putting beneath"},{"surface":"θήλεας","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"female"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑποσχὼν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b5-l270","source":"τῶν οἱ ἓξ ἐγένοντο ἐνὶ μεγάροισι γενέθλη.","translation":"from them six foals were born to him in his halls.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"from them"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἓξ","lemma":"ἕξ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies γενέθλη","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were born"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"γενέθλη","lemma":"γενέθλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"offspring"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b5-l271","source":"τοὺς μὲν τέσσαρας αὐτὸς ἔχων ἀτίταλλʼ ἐπὶ φάτνῃ,","translation":"Four he kept himself and raised at the manger,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀτίταλλ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"τέσσαρας","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τοὺς","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀτίταλλ̓","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἀτίταλλ","lemma":"ἀτιτάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"φάτνῃ","lemma":"φάτνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"manger"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b5-l272","source":"τὼ δὲ δύʼ Αἰνείᾳ δῶκεν μήστωρε φόβοιο.","translation":"but he gave the other two to Aeneas, masters of rout.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"the other two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τὼ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Αἰνείᾳ","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to Aeneas"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"μήστωρε","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"φόβοιο","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μήστωρε","gloss":"Rout"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b5-l273","source":"εἰ τούτω κε λάβοιμεν, ἀροίμεθά κε κλέος ἐσθλόν.","translation":"If we could take those two, we would win noble glory.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l273.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰ ... λάβοιμεν, ἀροίμεθά κε","title":"A future possibility","body":"The optatives λάβοιμεν and ἀροίμεθα with κε frame the capture as a possible future outcome: if they could take the pair, they would win glory. The dual τούτω keeps the two horses themselves in focus."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τούτω","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of λάβοιμεν","gloss":"those two"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"λάβοιμεν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"ἀροίμεθά","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"future middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we would win"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀροίμεθά","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἐσθλόν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b5-l274","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,","translation":"So they spoke such words to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were speaking"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b5-l275","source":"τὼ δὲ τάχʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθον ἐλαύνοντʼ ὠκέας ἵππους.","translation":"and the other two soon came near, driving their swift horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνοντ","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"driving"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλαύνοντ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b5-l276","source":"τὸν πρότερος προσέειπε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·","translation":"The glorious son of Lycaon spoke to him first:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Lycaon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b5-l277","source":"καρτερόθυμε δαΐφρον ἀγαυοῦ Τυδέος υἱὲ","translation":"\"Strong-hearted, warlike son of noble Tydeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρτερόθυμε","lemma":"καρτερόθυμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"strong-hearted"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδέος","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b5-l278","source":"ἦ μάλα σʼ οὐ βέλος ὠκὺ δαμάσσατο πικρὸς ὀϊστός·","translation":"indeed the swift shaft, the bitter arrow, did not bring you down.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of δαμάσσατο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ὠκὺ","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"δαμάσσατο","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought down"},{"surface":"πικρὸς","lemma":"πικρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστός","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ὀϊστός","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b5-l279","source":"νῦν αὖτʼ ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι αἴ κε τύχωμι.","translation":"Now I will try you with my spear, in hope I strike home.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πειρήσομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐγχείῃ","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πειρήσομαι","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"πειρήσομαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will test"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"τύχωμι","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of αἴ","gloss":"might strike"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b5-l280","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος","translation":"So he spoke, and poising it, hurled his long-shadowed spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμπεπαλὼν","lemma":"ἀναπάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"having poised it"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b5-l281","source":"καὶ βάλε Τυδεΐδαο κατʼ ἀσπίδα· τῆς δὲ διὰ πρὸ","translation":"and struck the shield of Tydeus' son; straight through its front","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδαο","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to πελάσθη","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ahead of"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b5-l282","source":"αἰχμὴ χαλκείη πταμένη θώρηκι πελάσθη·","translation":"the bronze point flew and came against the corselet.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πελάσθη","gloss":"spearpoint"},{"surface":"χαλκείη","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"πταμένη","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to πελάσθη","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"θώρηκι","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"πελάσθη","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came against"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b5-l283","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἄϋσε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·","translation":"Then the glorious son of Lycaon shouted long and loud:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l283.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τῷ δ' ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἄϋσε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός","title":"Pandarus' repeated shout","body":"The Greek line exactly repeats Iliad 5.101, where Pandarus shouted after his arrow struck Diomedes. Its English is therefore repeated exactly, underscoring his renewed but mistaken certainty."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἄϋσε","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"Λυκάονος","lemma":"Λυκάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Lycaon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄϋσε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b5-l284","source":"βέβληαι κενεῶνα διαμπερές, οὐδέ σʼ ὀΐω","translation":"\"You are struck clean through the flank, and I do not think","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βέβληαι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are struck"},{"surface":"κενεῶνα","lemma":"κενεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βέβληαι","gloss":"flank"},{"surface":"διαμπερές","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βέβληαι","gloss":"clean through"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνσχήσεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b5-l285","source":"δηρὸν ἔτʼ ἀνσχήσεσθαι· ἐμοὶ δὲ μέγʼ εὖχος ἔδωκας.","translation":"you will hold out much longer; you have given me great glory.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνσχήσεσθαι","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνσχήσεσθαι","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"ἀνσχήσεσθαι","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to hold out"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκας","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εὖχος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκας","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔδωκας","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you gave"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b5-l286","source":"τὸν δʼ οὐ ταρβήσας προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"But mighty Diomedes answered him without fear:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ταρβήσας","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b5-l287","source":"ἤμβροτες οὐδʼ ἔτυχες· ἀτὰρ οὐ μὲν σφῶΐ γʼ ὀΐω","translation":"\"You missed and did not strike. Yet I do not think you two","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤμβροτες","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you missed"},{"surface":"ἔτυχες","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you hit"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σφῶΐ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποπαύσεσθαι","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b5-l288","source":"πρίν γʼ ἀποπαύσεσθαι πρίν γʼ ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα","translation":"will cease from this until one of you has fallen","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποπαύσεσθαι","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀποπαύσεσθαι","lemma":"ἀποπαύω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"cease"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἕτερόν","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἆσαι","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πεσόντα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἆσαι","gloss":"fallen"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b5-l289","source":"αἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα, ταλαύρινον πολεμιστήν.","translation":"and glutted Ares with blood, the steadfast shield-bearing warrior.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l289.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἄρηα, ταλαύρινον πολεμιστήν","title":"Ares the shield-bearing warrior","body":"ταλαύρινος describes one steadfast under the shield or bearing it firmly. Diomedes makes Ares the imagined drinker of whichever warrior's blood is shed, a grim personification of battle's appetite."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἵματος","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἆσαι","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"ἆσαι","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"to glut"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ταλαύρινον","lemma":"ταλαύρινος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολεμιστήν","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"πολεμιστήν","lemma":"πολεμιστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"warrior"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b5-l290","source":"ὣς φάμενος προέηκε· βέλος δʼ ἴθυνεν Ἀθήνη","translation":"So speaking, he cast; and Athena guided the shaft","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάμενος","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάμενος","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προέηκε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"προέηκε","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sent forth"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἴθυνεν","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴθυνεν","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guided"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἴθυνεν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b5-l291","source":"ῥῖνα παρʼ ὀφθαλμόν, λευκοὺς δʼ ἐπέρησεν ὀδόντας.","translation":"beside the eye into the nose, and it crashed through the white teeth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l291.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥῖνα παρ' ὀφθαλμόν ... ἐπέρησεν ὀδόντας","title":"The spear enters the face","body":"The spear enters at the nose beside the eye and drives through the teeth. Homer begins a precise wound-path that continues through the tongue and out below the chin in the next two lines."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῖνα","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἴθυνεν","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμόν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"the eye"},{"surface":"λευκοὺς","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδόντας","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέρησεν","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove through"},{"surface":"ὀδόντας","lemma":"ὀδών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέρησεν","gloss":"teeth"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b5-l292","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μὲν γλῶσσαν πρυμνὴν τάμε χαλκὸς ἀτειρής,","translation":"The unyielding bronze cut his tongue away at the root,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γλῶσσαν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"γλῶσσαν","lemma":"γλῶσσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τάμε","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"πρυμνὴν","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γλῶσσαν","gloss":"root"},{"surface":"τάμε","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τάμε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἀτειρής","lemma":"ἀτειρής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκὸς","gloss":"unyielding"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b5-l293","source":"αἰχμὴ δʼ ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα·","translation":"and the point came out beneath the lowest part of his chin.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξελύθη","gloss":"spearpoint"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξελύθη","lemma":"ἐκλύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came out"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νείατον","lemma":"νέατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθερεῶνα","gloss":"lowest"},{"surface":"ἀνθερεῶνα","lemma":"ἀνθερεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"chin"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b5-l294","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ","translation":"He fell from the chariot, and his armor clattered upon him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"ἀράβησε","lemma":"ἀραβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clattered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀράβησε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b5-l295","source":"αἰόλα παμφανόωντα, παρέτρεσσαν δέ οἱ ἵπποι","translation":"glittering and gleaming; his swift-footed horses swerved aside,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰόλα","lemma":"αἰόλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"glittering"},{"surface":"παμφανόωντα","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"all-shining"},{"surface":"παρέτρεσσαν","lemma":"παρατρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swerved aside"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of παρέτρεσσαν","gloss":"his horses"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b5-l296","source":"ὠκύποδες· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε.","translation":"and there his life and strength were loosed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l296.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ψυχή τε μένος τε","title":"Life and battle-strength","body":"ψυχή is the life-breath that departs at death, while μένος is the force or fighting energy that animated Pandarus in battle. Homer names the loss of both together rather than using a single general word for dying."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκύποδες","lemma":"ὠκύπους","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λύθη","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύθη","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λύθη","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"ψυχή","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b5-l297","source":"Αἰνείας δʼ ἀπόρουσε σὺν ἀσπίδι δουρί τε μακρῷ","translation":"Aeneas sprang down with his shield and long spear,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόρουσε","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπόρουσε","lemma":"ἀπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang down"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδι","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μακρῷ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρί","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b5-l298","source":"δείσας μή πώς οἱ ἐρυσαίατο νεκρὸν Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"fearing that the Achaeans might drag away the corpse.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείσας","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπόρουσε","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐρυσαίατο","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐρυσαίατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐρυσαίατο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"might drag away"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐρυσαίατο","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐρυσαίατο","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b5-l299","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῷ βαῖνε λέων ὣς ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς,","translation":"He strode around it like a lion trusting in its strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"around him"},{"surface":"βαῖνε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strode"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἀλκὶ","lemma":"ἀλκί","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πεποιθώς","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"πεποιθώς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b5-l300","source":"πρόσθε δέ οἱ δόρυ τʼ ἔσχε καὶ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην,","translation":"and before him held his spear and shield rounded on every side,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσχε","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσχε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his spear"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐΐσην","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b5-l301","source":"τὸν κτάμεναι μεμαὼς ὅς τις τοῦ γʼ ἀντίος ἔλθοι","translation":"eager to kill whoever came against him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτάμεναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κτάμεναι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαὼς","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"μεμαὼς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσχε","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλθοι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντίος","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"might come"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b5-l302","source":"σμερδαλέα ἰάχων· ὃ δὲ χερμάδιον λάβε χειρὶ","translation":"shouting terribly. But the son of Tydeus took up in his hand","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέα","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰάχων","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ἰάχων","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσχε","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Τυδεΐδης","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χερμάδιον","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b5-l303","source":"Τυδεΐδης μέγα ἔργον ὃ οὐ δύο γʼ ἄνδρε φέροιεν,","translation":"a great stone, a weight that two men could not carry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάβε","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weight"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of φέροιεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄνδρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνδρε","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of φέροιεν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"φέροιεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χερμάδιον","gloss":"could carry"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b5-l304","source":"οἷοι νῦν βροτοί εἰσʼ· ὃ δέ μιν ῥέα πάλλε καὶ οἶος.","translation":"such as mortals now are; but he alone swung it with ease.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷοι","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"βροτοί","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσ̓","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"εἰσ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄνδρε","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πάλλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάλλε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ῥέα","lemma":"ῥέα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάλλε","gloss":"with ease"},{"surface":"πάλλε","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b5-l305","source":"τῷ βάλεν Αἰνείαο κατʼ ἰσχίον ἔνθά τε μηρὸς","translation":"With it he struck Aeneas on the hip, where the thigh","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"with it"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Αἰνείαο","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἰσχίον","gloss":"of Aeneas"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἰσχίον","lemma":"ἰσχίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"hip"},{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνστρέφεται","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μηρὸς","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνστρέφεται","gloss":"thigh"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b5-l306","source":"ἰσχίῳ ἐνστρέφεται, κοτύλην δέ τέ μιν καλέουσι·","translation":"turns within the hip, the place men call the socket.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l306.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κοτύλην","title":"The hip socket","body":"κοτύλη, literally a cup-shaped hollow, is the socket in which the head of the thighbone turns. Homer pauses to supply the anatomical name before describing the joint's destruction."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἰσχίῳ","lemma":"ἴσχιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνστρέφεται","gloss":"hip"},{"surface":"ἐνστρέφεται","lemma":"ἐνστρέφω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"turns within"},{"surface":"κοτύλην","lemma":"κοτύλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καλέουσι","gloss":"socket"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καλέουσι","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"καλέουσι","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"they call"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b5-l307","source":"θλάσσε δέ οἱ κοτύλην, πρὸς δʼ ἄμφω ῥῆξε τένοντε·","translation":"He crushed the socket and broke both tendons besides,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l307.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄμφω ... τένοντε","title":"Both tendons","body":"ἄμφω and τένοντε are dual forms, explicitly marking two tendons at the hip. The grammar makes the extent of the wound exact: the stone breaks both, not merely the joint in general."}],"words":[{"surface":"θλάσσε","lemma":"θλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crushed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to θλάσσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κοτύλην","lemma":"κοτύλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θλάσσε","gloss":"socket"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies τένοντε","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ῥῆξε","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"τένοντε","lemma":"τένων","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ῥῆξε","gloss":"tendons"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b5-l308","source":"ὦσε δʼ ἀπὸ ῥινὸν τρηχὺς λίθος· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως","translation":"and the jagged stone tore away the skin. Then the hero","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ῥινὸν","lemma":"ῥινόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"τρηχὺς","lemma":"τραχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίθος","gloss":"rugged"},{"surface":"λίθος","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦσε","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥρως","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b5-l309","source":"ἔστη γνὺξ ἐριπὼν καὶ ἐρείσατο χειρὶ παχείῃ","translation":"collapsed upon his knees and braced his heavy hand","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came to rest"},{"surface":"γνὺξ","lemma":"γνύξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐριπὼν","gloss":"on his knees"},{"surface":"ἐριπὼν","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρείσατο","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"braced himself"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρείσατο","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"stout"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b5-l310","source":"γαίης· ἀμφὶ δὲ ὄσσε κελαινὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψε.","translation":"against the earth, while dark night covered both his eyes.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρείσατο","gloss":"against the earth"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"both eyes"},{"surface":"κελαινὴ","lemma":"κελαινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b5-l311","source":"καί νύ κεν ἔνθʼ ἀπόλοιτο ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Αἰνείας,","translation":"And there Aeneas, lord of men, would have perished,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καί νύ κεν ... ἀπόλοιτο ... εἰ μή","title":"A death that did not happen","body":"The optative ἀπόλοιτο with κεν states what would have happened, while εἰ μή introduces the intervention that prevents it. Homer brings Aeneas to the edge of death before naming Aphrodite as his rescuer."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόλοιτο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἀπόλοιτο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have perished"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἰνείας","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόλοιτο","gloss":"Aeneas"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b5-l312","source":"εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη","translation":"had not Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus, been quick to see it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to νόησε","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"νόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had noticed"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b5-l313","source":"μήτηρ, ἥ μιν ὑπʼ Ἀγχίσῃ τέκε βουκολέοντι·","translation":"his mother, who bore him to Anchises as he tended cattle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀγχίσῃ","lemma":"Ἀγχίσης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"Anchises"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"βουκολέοντι","lemma":"βουκολέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"tending cattle"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b5-l314","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑὸν φίλον υἱὸν ἐχεύατο πήχεε λευκώ,","translation":"She flung her two white arms around her dear son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l314.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πήχεε λευκώ","title":"Aphrodite's white arms","body":"The dual πήχεε names Aphrodite's two forearms, and λευκώ gives them the traditional divine and feminine epithet white. The line keeps her bodily embrace distinct from the robe she spreads as protection next."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐχεύατο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐχεύατο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flung around"},{"surface":"πήχεε","lemma":"πῆχυς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἐχεύατο","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"λευκώ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies πήχεε","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b5-l315","source":"πρόσθε δέ οἱ πέπλοιο φαεινοῦ πτύγμα κάλυψεν","translation":"and before him she spread a fold of her shining robe","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάλυψεν","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κάλυψεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πέπλοιο","lemma":"πέπλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πτύγμα","gloss":"robe"},{"surface":"φαεινοῦ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέπλοιο","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"πτύγμα","lemma":"πτύγμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"fold"},{"surface":"κάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b5-l316","source":"ἕρκος ἔμεν βελέων, μή τις Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων","translation":"to be a shield from missiles, lest one of the swift-horsed Danaans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕρκος","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bulwark"},{"surface":"ἔμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"βελέων","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ταχυπώλων","lemma":"ταχύπωλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"swift-horsed"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b5-l317","source":"χαλκὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι βαλὼν ἐκ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο.","translation":"strike bronze into his chest and take away his life.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βαλὼν","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιτο","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἕλοιτο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"might take"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b5-l318","source":"ἣ μὲν ἑὸν φίλον υἱὸν ὑπεξέφερεν πολέμοιο·","translation":"So she carried her dear son out of the battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπεξέφερεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπεξέφερεν","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"ὑπεξέφερεν","lemma":"ὑπεκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried out"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπεξέφερεν","gloss":"of battle"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b5-l319","source":"οὐδʼ υἱὸς Καπανῆος ἐλήθετο συνθεσιάων","translation":"Nor did the son of Capaneus forget the compact","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλήθετο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Καπανῆος","lemma":"Καπανεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Capaneus"},{"surface":"ἐλήθετο","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not forget"},{"surface":"συνθεσιάων","lemma":"συνθεσία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐλήθετο","gloss":"covenants"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b5-l320","source":"τάων ἃς ἐπέτελλε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης,","translation":"that Diomedes, good at the war-cry, had laid upon him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l320.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"συνθεσιάων","title":"The comrades' compact","body":"συνθεσίαι are things agreed together, here the precise instructions Diomedes gave Sthenelus about the horses. The word stresses that Sthenelus' capture follows a shared plan rather than a sudden act of plunder."}],"words":[{"surface":"τάων","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine article","role":"modifies συνθεσιάων","gloss":"of those"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλε","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing συνθεσιάων","gloss":"had enjoined"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b5-l321","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε τοὺς μὲν ἑοὺς ἠρύκακε μώνυχας ἵππους","translation":"but he held his own single-hoofed horses back","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑοὺς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἠρύκακε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠρύκακε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b5-l322","source":"νόσφιν ἀπὸ φλοίσβου ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας,","translation":"apart from the tumult, drawing the reins taut from the chariot rail;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"φλοίσβου","lemma":"φλοῖσβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"tumult"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἄντυγος","lemma":"ἄντυξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"chariot rail"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τείνας","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"τείνας","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠρύκακε","gloss":"drawing taut"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b5-l323","source":"Αἰνείαο δʼ ἐπαΐξας καλλίτριχας ἵππους","translation":"then he sprang upon the fair-maned horses of Aeneas","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείαο","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"Aeneas'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξας","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξέλασε","gloss":"springing upon"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχας","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"fair-maned"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέλασε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b5-l324","source":"ἐξέλασε Τρώων μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"and drove them from the Trojans among the well-greaved Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέλασε","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove out"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξέλασε","gloss":"from the Trojans"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδας","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b5-l325","source":"δῶκε δὲ Δηϊπύλῳ ἑτάρῳ φίλῳ, ὃν περὶ πάσης","translation":"He gave them to Deipylus, his dear companion, whom above all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δηϊπύλῳ","lemma":"Δηιπύλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to Deipylus"},{"surface":"ἑτάρῳ","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δηϊπύλῳ","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάρῳ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τῖεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁμηλικίης","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b5-l326","source":"τῖεν ὁμηλικίης ὅτι οἱ φρεσὶν ἄρτια ᾔδη,","translation":"his comrades he honored, because their minds were of one accord,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῖεν","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δηϊπύλῳ","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"ὁμηλικίης","lemma":"ὁμηλικία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"his companions"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄρτια","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ᾔδη","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"ἄρτια","lemma":"ἄρτιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ᾔδη","gloss":"in accord"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτι","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b5-l327","source":"νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως","translation":"to drive to the hollow ships. Then the hero","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσιν","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐλαυνέμεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἥρως","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b5-l328","source":"ὧν ἵππων ἐπιβὰς ἔλαβʼ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα,","translation":"mounted his own horses and took the shining reins,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβὰς","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐπιβὰς","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλαβ̓","gloss":"mounting"},{"surface":"ἔλαβ","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλαβ̓","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"σιγαλόεντα","lemma":"σιγαλόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἡνία","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b5-l329","source":"αἶψα δὲ Τυδεΐδην μέθεπε κρατερώνυχας ἵππους","translation":"and at once followed after the son of Tydeus with his strong-hoofed horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέθεπε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδην","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μέθεπε","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"μέθεπε","lemma":"μεθέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed after"},{"surface":"κρατερώνυχας","lemma":"κρατερῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"strong-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μέθεπε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b5-l330","source":"ἐμμεμαώς· ὃ δὲ Κύπριν ἐπῴχετο νηλέϊ χαλκῷ","translation":"eagerly; but Diomedes pursued Cypris with pitiless bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμμεμαώς","lemma":"ἐμμεμαώς","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μέθεπε","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Κύπριν","lemma":"Κύπρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"Cypris"},{"surface":"ἐπῴχετο","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pursued"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b5-l331","source":"γιγνώσκων ὅ τʼ ἄναλκις ἔην θεός, οὐδὲ θεάων","translation":"knowing that she was a powerless goddess, and not one","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκων","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄναλκις","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"without strength"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a goddess"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of the goddesses"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b5-l332","source":"τάων αἵ τʼ ἀνδρῶν πόλεμον κάτα κοιρανέουσιν,","translation":"of the goddesses who rule over the warfare of men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάων","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine article","role":"modifies θεάων","gloss":"of those"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κοιρανέουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"of the men"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"κοιρανέουσιν","lemma":"κοιρανέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεάων","gloss":"rule"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b5-l333","source":"οὔτʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθηναίη οὔτε πτολίπορθος Ἐνυώ.","translation":"neither Athena nor Enyo, sacker of cities.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"πτολίπορθος","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐνυώ","gloss":"sacker of cities","note":"Epithet 'sacker of cities,' more often paired with Ares, here applied to Enyo, goddess of the war-cry."},{"surface":"Ἐνυώ","lemma":"Ἐνυώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Enyo"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b5-l334","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐκίχανε πολὺν καθʼ ὅμιλον ὀπάζων,","translation":"But when at last he caught her, pursuing through the great throng,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκίχανε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκίχανε","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔνθ̓","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καθ̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ὀπάζων","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκίχανε","gloss":"pursuing"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b5-l335","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐπορεξάμενος μεγαθύμου Τυδέος υἱὸς","translation":"then the son of great-hearted Tydeus reached out","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπορεξάμενος","lemma":"ἐπορέγω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"reached out"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδέος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b5-l336","source":"ἄκρην οὔτασε χεῖρα μετάλμενος ὀξέϊ δουρὶ","translation":"and leaping, stabbed her at the end of her delicate hand with his sharp spear.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκρην","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"at the end"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"her hand"},{"surface":"μετάλμενος","lemma":"μεθάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"leaping after"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μετάλμενος","gloss":"with the spear"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b5-l337","source":"ἀβληχρήν· εἶθαρ δὲ δόρυ χροὸς ἀντετόρησεν","translation":"At once the spear pierced through the skin","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀβληχρήν","lemma":"ἀβληχρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"delicate"},{"surface":"εἶθαρ","lemma":"εἶθαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀντετόρησεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀντετόρησεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντετόρησεν","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"ἀντετόρησεν","lemma":"ἀντιτορέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced through"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b5-l338","source":"ἀμβροσίου διὰ πέπλου, ὅν οἱ Χάριτες κάμον αὐταί,","translation":"and through the ambrosial robe the Graces themselves had made for her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβροσίου","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέπλου","gloss":"ambrosial"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πέπλου","lemma":"πέπλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"robe"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάμον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κάμον","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"Χάριτες","lemma":"Χάρις","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κάμον","gloss":"Graces"},{"surface":"κάμον","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πέπλου","gloss":"wrought"},{"surface":"αὐταί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b5-l339","source":"πρυμνὸν ὕπερ θέναρος· ῥέε δʼ ἄμβροτον αἷμα θεοῖο","translation":"above the base of her palm; and the goddess's immortal blood flowed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρυμνὸν","lemma":"πρυμνόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπερ","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"ὕπερ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"θέναρος","lemma":"θέναρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies πρυμνὸν","gloss":"palm"},{"surface":"ῥέε","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flowed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμβροτον","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"of the goddess"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b5-l340","source":"ἰχώρ, οἷός πέρ τε ῥέει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσιν·","translation":"ichor, such as flows in the blessed gods.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l340.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἰχώρ","title":"Ichor, divine blood","body":"ἰχώρ is the fluid that runs in a god's wounded body. Homer calls it immortal blood and then explains why it differs from mortal blood: the gods do not share the human diet of bread and wine."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἰχώρ","lemma":"ἰχώρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"ichor"},{"surface":"οἷός","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ῥέει","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ῥέει","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἰχώρ","gloss":"flows"},{"surface":"μακάρεσσι","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ῥέει","gloss":"in the gods"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b5-l341","source":"οὐ γὰρ σῖτον ἔδουσʼ, οὐ πίνουσʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον,","translation":"For they do not eat bread or drink the blazing wine,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδουσ̓","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"ἔδουσ","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they eat"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πίνουσ","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"sparkling"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πίνουσ̓","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b5-l342","source":"τοὔνεκʼ ἀναίμονές εἰσι καὶ ἀθάνατοι καλέονται.","translation":"and therefore they are bloodless and are called immortal.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκ","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ἀναίμονές","lemma":"ἀναίμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bloodless"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"καλέονται","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b5-l343","source":"ἣ δὲ μέγα ἰάχουσα ἀπὸ ἕο κάββαλεν υἱόν·","translation":"With a loud cry she dropped her son from her arms;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κάββαλεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰάχουσα","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἰάχουσα","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κάββαλεν","gloss":"crying out"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἕο","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"from her"},{"surface":"κάββαλεν","lemma":"καταβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dropped"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάββαλεν","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b5-l344","source":"καὶ τὸν μὲν μετὰ χερσὶν ἐρύσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"but Phoebus Apollo caught him in his hands","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρύσατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐρύσατο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρύσατο","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b5-l345","source":"κυανέῃ νεφέλῃ, μή τις Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων","translation":"and wrapped him in a dark-blue cloud, lest one of the swift-horsed Danaans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κυανέῃ","lemma":"κυάνεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεφέλῃ","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"νεφέλῃ","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρύσατο","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ταχυπώλων","lemma":"ταχύπωλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"swift-horsed"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b5-l346","source":"χαλκὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι βαλὼν ἐκ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο·","translation":"strike bronze into his chest and take away his life.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βαλὼν","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιτο","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἕλοιτο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"could take"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b5-l347","source":"τῇ δʼ ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἄϋσε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Then Diomedes, good at the war-cry, shouted long and loud after her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἄϋσε","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄϋσε","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b5-l348","source":"εἶκε Διὸς θύγατερ πολέμου καὶ δηϊοτῆτος·","translation":"\"Give way, daughter of Zeus, from war and fighting!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶκε","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give way"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύγατερ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θύγατερ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"from war"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτος","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b5-l349","source":"ἦ οὐχ ἅλις ὅττι γυναῖκας ἀνάλκιδας ἠπεροπεύεις;","translation":"Is it not enough that you deceive unwarlike women?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠπεροπεύεις","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"ἀνάλκιδας","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναῖκας","gloss":"without strength"},{"surface":"ἠπεροπεύεις","lemma":"ἠπεροπεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"subject of ὅττι","gloss":"you deceive"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b5-l350","source":"εἰ δὲ σύ γʼ ἐς πόλεμον πωλήσεαι, ἦ τέ σʼ ὀΐω","translation":"If you continue to range through battle, I think","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πωλήσεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"πωλήσεαι","lemma":"πωλέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"range through"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥιγήσειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b5-l351","source":"ῥιγήσειν πόλεμόν γε καὶ εἴ χʼ ἑτέρωθι πύθηαι.","translation":"you will shudder at war even when you hear of it elsewhere.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥιγήσειν","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will shudder"},{"surface":"πόλεμόν","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥιγήσειν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθι","lemma":"ἑτέρωθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πύθηαι","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"πύθηαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you may hear"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b5-l352","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἣ δʼ ἀλύουσʼ ἀπεβήσετο, τείρετο δʼ αἰνῶς·","translation":"So he spoke; she wandered away distraught, grievously tormented.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπεβήσετο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλύουσ","lemma":"ἀλύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεβήσετο","gloss":"wandered distraught"},{"surface":"ἀπεβήσετο","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"τείρετο","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was tormented"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τείρετο","gloss":"terribly"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b5-l353","source":"τὴν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἶρις ἑλοῦσα ποδήνεμος ἔξαγʼ ὁμίλου","translation":"Then wind-footed Iris took her and led her out of the throng,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l353.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἶρις ... ποδήνεμος","title":"Wind-footed Iris","body":"ποδήνεμος, literally \"wind-footed,\" is Iris' standing epithet as the gods' swift messenger. It is kept distinct from the separate formula πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις, \"swift-footed Iris.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔξαγ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔξαγ̓","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"ἑλοῦσα","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔξαγ̓","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ποδήνεμος","lemma":"ποδήνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"wind-footed"},{"surface":"ἔξαγ","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led out"},{"surface":"ὁμίλου","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔξαγ̓","gloss":"of the throng"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b5-l354","source":"ἀχθομένην ὀδύνῃσι, μελαίνετο δὲ χρόα καλόν.","translation":"weighed down by pain, while her fair skin darkened.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l354.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μελαίνετο ... χρόα καλόν","title":"Divine skin darkened","body":"μελαίνετο says that Aphrodite's fair skin was turning dark under the shock of the wound. The visible change marks pain on an immortal body without making her blood or flesh mortal."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀχθομένην","lemma":"ἄχθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weighed down"},{"surface":"ὀδύνῃσι","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀχθομένην","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"μελαίνετο","lemma":"μελαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"darkened"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μελαίνετο","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"καλόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"fair"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b5-l355","source":"εὗρεν ἔπειτα μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ θοῦρον Ἄρηα","translation":"She found raging Ares seated to the left of the battle;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρεν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she found"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗρεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστερὰ","gloss":"of the battle"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὰ","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"θοῦρον","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρεν","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b5-l356","source":"ἥμενον· ἠέρι δʼ ἔγχος ἐκέκλιτο καὶ ταχέʼ ἵππω·","translation":"his spear and swift horses rested in the mist.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενον","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἠέρι","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλιτο","gloss":"in mist"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλιτο","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rested"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταχέ","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππω","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππω","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b5-l357","source":"ἣ δὲ γνὺξ ἐριποῦσα κασιγνήτοιο φίλοιο","translation":"She fell upon her knees before her dear brother","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔτεεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γνὺξ","lemma":"γνύξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐριποῦσα","gloss":"on her knees"},{"surface":"ἐριποῦσα","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ᾔτεεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτοιο","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"of her brother"},{"surface":"φίλοιο","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κασιγνήτοιο","gloss":"dear"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b5-l358","source":"πολλὰ λισσομένη χρυσάμπυκας ᾔτεεν ἵππους·","translation":"and, pleading earnestly, asked for his gold-frontleted horses:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l358.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χρυσάμπυκας ... ἵππους","title":"Gold-frontleted horses","body":"χρυσάμπυξ describes the horses by the golden band or frontlet of their harness. The ornament belongs to Ares' divine team, not to Aphrodite herself."}],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λισσομένη","gloss":"earnestly"},{"surface":"λισσομένη","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ᾔτεεν","gloss":"entreating"},{"surface":"χρυσάμπυκας","lemma":"χρυσάμπυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"gold-frontleted"},{"surface":"ᾔτεεν","lemma":"αἰτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"asked for"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ᾔτεεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b5-l359","source":"φίλε κασίγνητε κόμισαί τέ με δός τέ μοι ἵππους,","translation":"\"Dear brother, carry me away and give me your horses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κασίγνητε","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κασίγνητε","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"κόμισαί","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry away"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κόμισαί","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δός","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δός","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δός","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b5-l360","source":"ὄφρʼ ἐς Ὄλυμπον ἵκωμαι ἵνʼ ἀθανάτων ἕδος ἐστί.","translation":"so I may reach Olympus, where the immortals have their seat.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἵκωμαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"I may reach"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστί","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἕδος","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"ἕδος","lemma":"ἕδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b5-l361","source":"λίην ἄχθομαι ἕλκος ὅ με βροτὸς οὔτασεν ἀνὴρ","translation":"I am sorely troubled by the wound a mortal man dealt me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄχθομαι","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἄχθομαι","lemma":"ἄχθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am troubled"},{"surface":"ἕλκος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄχθομαι","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of οὔτασεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of οὔτασεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"βροτὸς","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"οὔτασεν","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἕλκος","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τυδεΐδης","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b5-l362","source":"Τυδεΐδης, ὃς νῦν γε καὶ ἂν Διὶ πατρὶ μάχοιτο.","translation":"the son of Tydeus, who now would fight even father Zeus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασεν","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχοιτο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχοιτο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μάχοιτο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"μάχοιτο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τυδεΐδης","gloss":"would fight"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b5-l363","source":"ὣς φάτο, τῇ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἄρης δῶκε χρυσάμπυκας ἵππους·","translation":"So she spoke, and Ares gave her his gold-frontleted horses.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"χρυσάμπυκας","lemma":"χρυσάμπυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"gold-frontleted"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b5-l364","source":"ἣ δʼ ἐς δίφρον ἔβαινεν ἀκηχεμένη φίλον ἦτορ,","translation":"She mounted the chariot, grieving in her dear heart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαινεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἔβαινεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"ἀκηχεμένη","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαινεν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκηχεμένη","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b5-l365","source":"πὰρ δέ οἱ Ἶρις ἔβαινε καὶ ἡνία λάζετο χερσί,","translation":"and Iris mounted beside her and took the reins in her hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαινε","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"ἔβαινε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λάζετο","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"λάζετο","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"χερσί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λάζετο","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b5-l366","source":"μάστιξεν δʼ ἐλάαν, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην.","translation":"She cracked the whip to drive, and the pair flew on, not unwilling.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l366.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ ... πετέσθην","title":"The two horses fly","body":"Both τώ and πετέσθην are dual forms, so the grammar treats Ares' two horses as a matched pair. The negative οὐκ ἀέκοντε adds that the pair flew willingly."}],"words":[{"surface":"μάστιξεν","lemma":"μαστίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cracked the whip"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλάαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to μάστιξεν","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πετέσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντε","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they flew"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b5-l367","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἵκοντο θεῶν ἕδος αἰπὺν Ὄλυμπον·","translation":"Swiftly then they reached steep Olympus, the gods' abode.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they reached"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕδος","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἕδος","lemma":"ἕδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b5-l368","source":"ἔνθʼ ἵππους ἔστησε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις","translation":"There wind-footed swift Iris halted the horses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστησε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔστησε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἔστησε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"ποδήνεμος","lemma":"ποδήνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"wind-footed"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b5-l369","source":"λύσασʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, παρὰ δʼ ἀμβρόσιον βάλεν εἶδαρ·","translation":"unyoked them from the chariot, and set ambrosial fodder before them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύσασ","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησε","gloss":"unyoking"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμβρόσιον","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἶδαρ","gloss":"ambrosial"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"εἶδαρ","lemma":"εἶδαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"fodder"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b5-l370","source":"ἣ δʼ ἐν γούνασι πῖπτε Διώνης δῖʼ Ἀφροδίτη","translation":"Then shining Aphrodite fell at the knees of Dione,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"γούνασι","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"πῖπτε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"Διώνης","lemma":"Διώνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γούνασι","gloss":"of Dione"},{"surface":"δῖ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πῖπτε","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b5-l371","source":"μητρὸς ἑῆς· ἣ δʼ ἀγκὰς ἐλάζετο θυγατέρα ἥν,","translation":"her own mother; she took her daughter into her arms,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μητρὸς","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Διώνης","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἑῆς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρὸς","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγκὰς","lemma":"ἀγκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλάζετο","gloss":"in her arms"},{"surface":"ἐλάζετο","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"θυγατέρα","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐλάζετο","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θυγατέρα","gloss":"her own"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b5-l372","source":"χειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἐκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"stroked her with her hand, and spoke, calling her by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέρεξεν","gloss":"with her hand"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κατέρεξεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"κατέρεξεν","lemma":"καταρρέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stroked"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b5-l373","source":"τίς νύ σε τοιάδʼ ἔρεξε φίλον τέκος Οὐρανιώνων","translation":"\"Which of the heavenly gods has treated you so, dear child,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρεξε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔρεξε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τοιάδ","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔρεξε","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"ἔρεξε","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has done"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"Οὐρανιώνων","lemma":"Οὐρανίωνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of heavenly gods"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b5-l374","source":"μαψιδίως, ὡς εἴ τι κακὸν ῥέζουσαν ἐνωπῇ;","translation":"recklessly, as though you were plainly doing some evil?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l374.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς εἴ τι κακὸν ῥέζουσαν","title":"As though caught doing wrong","body":"The accusative participle ῥέζουσαν agrees with Aphrodite as the understood object of ἔρεξε: someone treated her as though she were doing something evil. Dione's question presents the punishment as shockingly undeserved."}],"words":[{"surface":"μαψιδίως","lemma":"μαψίδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρεξε","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ῥέζουσαν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ῥέζουσαν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"ἐνωπῇ","lemma":"ἐνωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ῥέζουσαν","gloss":"plainly"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b5-l375","source":"τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα φιλομμειδὴς Ἀφροδίτη·","translation":"Then laughter-loving Aphrodite answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φιλομμειδὴς","lemma":"φιλομμειδής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"laughter-loving"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b5-l376","source":"οὖτά με Τυδέος υἱὸς ὑπέρθυμος Διομήδης,","translation":"\"High-hearted Diomedes, the son of Tydeus, wounded me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὖτά","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of οὖτά","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὑπέρθυμος","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὖτά","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b5-l377","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἐγὼ φίλον υἱὸν ὑπεξέφερον πολέμοιο","translation":"because I was carrying my dear son out of the fighting,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπεξέφερον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἰνείαν","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"ὑπεξέφερον","lemma":"ὑπεκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκ̓","gloss":"carrying out"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπεξέφερον","gloss":"the fighting"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b5-l378","source":"Αἰνείαν, ὃς ἐμοὶ πάντων πολὺ φίλτατός ἐστιν.","translation":"Aeneas, who is far the dearest of all to me.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπεξέφερον","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φίλτατός","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φίλτατός","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φίλτατός","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Αἰνείαν","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b5-l379","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔτι Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν φύλοπις αἰνή,","translation":"For this is no longer the Trojans' and Achaeans' dreadful clash;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"φύλοπις","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"battle-strife"},{"surface":"αἰνή","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φύλοπις","gloss":"dread"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b5-l380","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤδη Δαναοί γε καὶ ἀθανάτοισι μάχονται.","translation":"the Danaans now are fighting even the immortals.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχονται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Δαναοί","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μάχονται","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μάχονται","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"μάχονται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are fighting"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b5-l381","source":"τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Διώνη, δῖα θεάων·","translation":"Then Dione, the shining one among goddesses, answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l381.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Διώνη, δῖα θεάων","title":"Shining among goddesses","body":"δῖα is the feminine form of the epithet-family elsewhere rendered \"godlike\" or \"shining.\" With θεάων, Dione is singled out as \"the shining one among goddesses,\" matching the established formula for a shining woman among women."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Διώνη","lemma":"Διώνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Dione"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the shining one"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of the goddesses"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b5-l382","source":"τέτλαθι τέκνον ἐμόν, καὶ ἀνάσχεο κηδομένη περ·","translation":"\"Endure, my child, and bear up, though you grieve.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέτλαθι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐμόν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάσχεο","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bear up"},{"surface":"κηδομένη","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀνάσχεο","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b5-l383","source":"πολλοὶ γὰρ δὴ τλῆμεν Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες","translation":"For many of us who hold homes on Olympus have endured","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τλῆμεν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τλῆμεν","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we endured"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"homes"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies πολλοὶ","gloss":"who hold"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b5-l384","source":"ἐξ ἀνδρῶν χαλέπʼ ἄλγεʼ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισι τιθέντες.","translation":"cruel pains from men, as we set affliction upon one another.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"χαλέπ","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγἐ","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τιθέντες","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"τιθέντες","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τλῆμεν","gloss":"setting"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b5-l385","source":"τλῆ μὲν Ἄρης ὅτε μιν Ὦτος κρατερός τʼ Ἐφιάλτης","translation":"Ares endured it when Otus and mighty Ephialtes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τλῆ","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endured"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τλῆ","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῆσαν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῆσαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ὦτος","lemma":"Ὦτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Otus"},{"surface":"κρατερός","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐφιάλτης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐφιάλτης","lemma":"Ἐφιάλτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Ephialtes"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b5-l386","source":"παῖδες Ἀλωῆος, δῆσαν κρατερῷ ἐνὶ δεσμῷ·","translation":"the sons of Aloeus, bound him in a mighty bond.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀλωῆος","lemma":"Ἀλωεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"of Aloeus"},{"surface":"δῆσαν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τλῆ","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"κρατερῷ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δεσμῷ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δεσμῷ","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"bond"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b5-l387","source":"χαλκέῳ δʼ ἐν κεράμῳ δέδετο τρισκαίδεκα μῆνας·","translation":"For thirteen months he lay bound in a bronze jar,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l387.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χαλκέῳ ... κεράμῳ","title":"A bronze jar","body":"κέραμος usually names an earthen storage jar, but χαλκέῳ explicitly makes this vessel bronze. The strange metal confinement turns a familiar household container into a prison strong enough to hold Ares."}],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκέῳ","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κεράμῳ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κεράμῳ","lemma":"κέραμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"jar"},{"surface":"δέδετο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been bound"},{"surface":"τρισκαίδεκα","lemma":"τρεισκαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies μῆνας","gloss":"thirteen"},{"surface":"μῆνας","lemma":"μείς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δέδετο","gloss":"months"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b5-l388","source":"καί νύ κεν ἔνθʼ ἀπόλοιτο Ἄρης ἆτος πολέμοιο,","translation":"and there Ares, insatiate for war, might have perished","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόλοιτο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἀπόλοιτο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might have perished"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόλοιτο","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ἆτος","lemma":"ἄατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"insatiate"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἆτος","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b5-l389","source":"εἰ μὴ μητρυιὴ περικαλλὴς Ἠερίβοια","translation":"had not their stepmother, exceedingly fair Eeriboea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μητρυιὴ","lemma":"μητρυιά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠερίβοια","gloss":"stepmother"},{"surface":"περικαλλὴς","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠερίβοια","gloss":"exceedingly beautiful"},{"surface":"Ἠερίβοια","lemma":"Ἠερίβοια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξήγγειλεν","gloss":"Eeriboea"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b5-l390","source":"Ἑρμέᾳ ἐξήγγειλεν· ὃ δʼ ἐξέκλεψεν Ἄρηα","translation":"brought word to Hermes, who stole Ares out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμέᾳ","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξήγγειλεν","gloss":"to Hermes"},{"surface":"ἐξήγγειλεν","lemma":"ἐξαγγέλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"brought word"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξέκλεψεν","gloss":"the one who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξέκλεψεν","lemma":"ἐκκλέπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stole out"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέκλεψεν","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b5-l391","source":"ἤδη τειρόμενον, χαλεπὸς δέ ἑ δεσμὸς ἐδάμνα.","translation":"already wasting away, while the cruel bond subdued him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τειρόμενον","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"τειρόμενον","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"wasting away"},{"surface":"χαλεπὸς","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δεσμὸς","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐδάμνα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δεσμὸς","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδάμνα","gloss":"bond"},{"surface":"ἐδάμνα","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"subdued"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b5-l392","source":"τλῆ δʼ Ἥρη, ὅτε μιν κρατερὸς πάϊς Ἀμφιτρύωνος","translation":"Hera endured it when the mighty son of Amphitryon","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τλῆ","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endured"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τλῆ","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβλήκει","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of βεβλήκει","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βεβλήκει","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀμφιτρύωνος","lemma":"Ἀμφιτρύων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Amphitryon"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b5-l393","source":"δεξιτερὸν κατὰ μαζὸν ὀϊστῷ τριγλώχινι","translation":"had struck her in the right breast with a three-barbed arrow;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιτερὸν","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μαζὸν","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μαζὸν","lemma":"μαστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ὀϊστῷ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βεβλήκει","gloss":"with an arrow"},{"surface":"τριγλώχινι","lemma":"τριγλώχις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστῷ","gloss":"three-barbed"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b5-l394","source":"βεβλήκει· τότε καί μιν ἀνήκεστον λάβεν ἄλγος.","translation":"then incurable pain seized even her.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βεβλήκει","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τλῆ","gloss":"had struck"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάβεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of λάβεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἀνήκεστον","lemma":"ἀνήκεστος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγος","gloss":"incurable"},{"surface":"λάβεν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"ἄλγος","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of λάβεν","gloss":"pain"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b5-l395","source":"τλῆ δʼ Ἀΐδης ἐν τοῖσι πελώριος ὠκὺν ὀϊστόν,","translation":"And among them monstrous Hades endured a swift arrow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l395.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀΐδης ... πελώριος","title":"Monstrous Hades","body":"πελώριος conveys immense, uncanny size or force and regularly marks beings who exceed ordinary human scale. Here it magnifies Hades without preventing the god of the dead from being wounded."}],"words":[{"surface":"τλῆ","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endured"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδης","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τλῆ","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"πελώριος","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀΐδης","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"ὠκὺν","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστόν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ὀϊστόν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τλῆ","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b5-l396","source":"εὖτέ μιν ωὐτὸς ἀνὴρ υἱὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"when that same man, the son of aegis-bearing Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖτέ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ωὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b5-l397","source":"ἐν Πύλῳ ἐν νεκύεσσι βαλὼν ὀδύνῃσιν ἔδωκεν·","translation":"struck him at Pylos among the dead and gave him over to pain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Πύλῳ","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"νεκύεσσι","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκεν","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"ὀδύνῃσιν","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τλῆ","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b5-l398","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς καὶ μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον","translation":"But Hades went to the house of Zeus and high Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b5-l399","source":"κῆρ ἀχέων ὀδύνῃσι πεπαρμένος· αὐτὰρ ὀϊστὸς","translation":"his heart grieving, pierced through with pain; for the arrow","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀχέων","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"ἀχέων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"ὀδύνῃσι","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πεπαρμένος","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"πεπαρμένος","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"pierced"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὀϊστὸς","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠλήλατο","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b5-l400","source":"ὤμῳ ἔνι στιβαρῷ ἠλήλατο, κῆδε δὲ θυμόν.","translation":"had been driven into his strong shoulder and distressed his spirit.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμῳ","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνι","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"στιβαρῷ","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὤμῳ","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"ἠλήλατο","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it was driven"},{"surface":"κῆδε","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"distressed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κῆδε","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b5-l401","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Παιήων ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα πάσσων","translation":"Then Paeon scattered pain-killing medicines upon him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Παιήων","lemma":"Παιήων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠκέσατ̓","gloss":"Paeon"},{"surface":"ὀδυνήφατα","lemma":"ὀδυνήφατος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρμακα","gloss":"pain-killing"},{"surface":"φάρμακα","lemma":"φάρμακον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσσων","gloss":"drugs"},{"surface":"πάσσων","lemma":"πάσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠκέσατ̓","gloss":"scattering"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b5-l402","source":"ἠκέσατʼ· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι καταθνητός γε τέτυκτο.","translation":"and healed him, for he was not made mortal.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l402.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐ ... καταθνητός γε τέτυκτο","title":"He had not been made mortal","body":"τέτυκτο is a pluperfect middle/passive form of τεύχω, here meaning that Hades had not been fashioned or constituted as a mortal being. The tense looks to his enduring divine nature as the reason Paeon's cure succeeds."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠκέσατ","lemma":"ἀκέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"healed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τέτυκτο","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"καταθνητός","lemma":"καταθνητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been made"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b5-l403","source":"σχέτλιος ὀβριμοεργὸς ὃς οὐκ ὄθετʼ αἴσυλα ῥέζων,","translation":"Reckless, violent worker, who took no heed as he did lawless deeds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιος","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"reckless"},{"surface":"ὀβριμοεργὸς","lemma":"ὀβριμοεργός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"violent worker"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄθετ̓","gloss":"he who"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ὄθετ","lemma":"ὄθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"heeded"},{"surface":"αἴσυλα","lemma":"αἴσυλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέζων","gloss":"lawless"},{"surface":"ῥέζων","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄθετ̓","gloss":"doing"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b5-l404","source":"ὃς τόξοισιν ἔκηδε θεοὺς οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσι.","translation":"who with his bow tormented the gods who hold Olympus!","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκηδε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τόξοισιν","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔκηδε","gloss":"with bows"},{"surface":"ἔκηδε","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"tormented"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκηδε","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσι","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἔχουσι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοὺς","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b5-l405","source":"σοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ τοῦτον ἀνῆκε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"But against you bright-eyed Athena sent this man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l405.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ τοῦτον ἀνῆκε ... Ἀθήνη","title":"Athena sends the attacker","body":"Athena is the subject of ἀνῆκε, while τοῦτον is Diomedes, the man she launched against Aphrodite. The fronted σοὶ ἐπί makes Aphrodite the target and keeps the divine and mortal agents distinct."}],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκε","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b5-l406","source":"νήπιος, οὐδὲ τὸ οἶδε κατὰ φρένα Τυδέος υἱὸς","translation":"The son of Tydeus is a fool, and does not know in his heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"foolish"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"οἶδε","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οἶδε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b5-l407","source":"ὅττι μάλʼ οὐ δηναιὸς ὃς ἀθανάτοισι μάχηται,","translation":"that whoever fights the immortals is by no means long-lived,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"δηναιὸς","lemma":"δηναιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"long-lived"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μάχηται","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"μάχηται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject","gloss":"fights"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b5-l408","source":"οὐδέ τί μιν παῖδες ποτὶ γούνασι παππάζουσιν","translation":"nor do his children ever call him papa at his knees","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l408.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παππάζουσιν","title":"Children calling \"papa\"","body":"παππάζω is formed from the child's family-word πάππα, \"papa.\" Dione sets this intimate sound at a father's knees against the death awaiting a mortal who fights gods."}],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to παππάζουσιν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παππάζουσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of παππάζουσιν","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"γούνασι","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ποτὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"παππάζουσιν","lemma":"παππάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"call him papa"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b5-l409","source":"ἐλθόντʼ ἐκ πολέμοιο καὶ αἰνῆς δηϊοτῆτος.","translation":"when he comes home from war and the dreadful fighting.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνῆς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δηϊοτῆτος","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτος","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fighting"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b5-l410","source":"τὼ νῦν Τυδεΐδης, εἰ καὶ μάλα καρτερός ἐστι,","translation":"So now let the son of Tydeus, mighty though he is,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φραζέσθω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φραζέσθω","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"καρτερός","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b5-l411","source":"φραζέσθω μή τίς οἱ ἀμείνων σεῖο μάχηται,","translation":"take care that someone stronger than you does not fight him,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φραζέσθω","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him beware"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχηται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μάχηται","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνων","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"μάχηται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b5-l412","source":"μὴ δὴν Αἰγιάλεια περίφρων Ἀδρηστίνη","translation":"lest before long wise Aegialeia, daughter of Adrastus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γοόωσα","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Αἰγιάλεια","lemma":"Αἰγιάλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐγείρῃ","gloss":"Aegialeia"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀδρηστίνη","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"Ἀδρηστίνη","lemma":"Ἀδρηστίνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Αἰγιάλεια","gloss":"daughter of Adrastus"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b5-l413","source":"ἐξ ὕπνου γοόωσα φίλους οἰκῆας ἐγείρῃ","translation":"wake her dear household from sleep with her wailing,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὕπνου","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"γοόωσα","lemma":"γοάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐγείρῃ","gloss":"wailing"},{"surface":"φίλους","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰκῆας","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"οἰκῆας","lemma":"οἰκεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγείρῃ","gloss":"household"},{"surface":"ἐγείρῃ","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"rouse"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b5-l414","source":"κουρίδιον ποθέουσα πόσιν τὸν ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"longing for her wedded husband, the best of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κουρίδιον","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσιν","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"ποθέουσα","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐγείρῃ","gloss":"longing for"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποθέουσα","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσιν","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b5-l415","source":"ἰφθίμη ἄλοχος Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο.","translation":"the strong wife of Diomedes, tamer of horses.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰφθίμη","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχος","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἄλοχος","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Αἰγιάλεια","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"Διομήδεος","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλοχος","gloss":"of Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδεος","gloss":"tamer of horses"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b5-l416","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμφοτέρῃσιν ἀπʼ ἰχῶ χειρὸς ὀμόργνυ·","translation":"She spoke, and with both hands wiped the ichor from Aphrodite's hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l416.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀμφοτέρῃσιν ... χειρὸς","title":"Both hands upon one hand","body":"ἀμφοτέρῃσιν is dual and refers to Dione's two hands; the singular χειρός is Aphrodite's wounded hand. The grammar makes the healing gesture physically precise."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρῃσιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀμόργνυ","gloss":"with both hands"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἰχῶ","lemma":"ἰχώρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀμόργνυ","gloss":"ichor"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀμόργνυ","gloss":"from the hand"},{"surface":"ὀμόργνυ","lemma":"ὀμόργνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wiped away"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b5-l417","source":"ἄλθετο χείρ, ὀδύναι δὲ κατηπιόωντο βαρεῖαι.","translation":"The hand was healed, and the heavy pains grew mild.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλθετο","lemma":"ἄλθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was healed"},{"surface":"χείρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄλθετο","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ὀδύναι","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κατηπιόωντο","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατηπιόωντο","lemma":"κατηπιάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew mild"},{"surface":"βαρεῖαι","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδύναι","gloss":"heavy"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b5-l418","source":"αἳ δʼ αὖτʼ εἰσορόωσαι Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη","translation":"But Athena and Hera looked on","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωσαι","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐρέθιζον","gloss":"watching"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b5-l419","source":"κερτομίοις ἐπέεσσι Δία Κρονίδην ἐρέθιζον.","translation":"and provoked Zeus, son of Cronos, with taunting words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κερτομίοις","lemma":"κερτόμιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"taunting"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρέθιζον","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"Δία","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρέθιζον","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίδην","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δία","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἐρέθιζον","lemma":"ἐρεθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"provoked"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b5-l420","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Bright-eyed Athena began speaking among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b5-l421","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ ἦ ῥά τί μοι κεχολώσεαι ὅττι κεν εἴπω;","translation":"\"Father Zeus, will you be angry with me for what I say?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κεχολώσεαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κεχολώσεαι","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"κεχολώσεαι","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will you be angry"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of κεχολώσεαι","gloss":"I may say"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b5-l422","source":"ἦ μάλα δή τινα Κύπρις Ἀχαιϊάδων ἀνιεῖσα","translation":"Surely Cypris was urging some Achaean woman","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of σπέσθαι","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"Κύπρις","lemma":"Κύπρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καταμύξατο","gloss":"Cypris"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιϊάδων","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"of Achaean women"},{"surface":"ἀνιεῖσα","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καταμύξατο","gloss":"urging"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b5-l423","source":"Τρωσὶν ἅμα σπέσθαι, τοὺς νῦν ἔκπαγλα φίλησε,","translation":"to follow the Trojans, whom she now loves exceedingly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"σπέσθαι","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀνιεῖσα","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φίλησε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φίλησε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔκπαγλα","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φίλησε","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"φίλησε","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρωσὶν","gloss":"came to love"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b5-l424","source":"τῶν τινα καρρέζουσα Ἀχαιϊάδων ἐϋπέπλων","translation":"and as she caressed one of the fair-robed Achaean women,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine article","role":"modifies Ἀχαιϊάδων","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of καρρέζουσα","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"καρρέζουσα","lemma":"καταρρέζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καταμύξατο","gloss":"caressed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιϊάδων","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"Achaean women"},{"surface":"ἐϋπέπλων","lemma":"εὔπεπλος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιϊάδων","gloss":"fair-robed"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b5-l425","source":"πρὸς χρυσῇ περόνῃ καταμύξατο χεῖρα ἀραιήν.","translation":"she scratched her delicate hand against a golden brooch.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"χρυσῇ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies περόνῃ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"περόνῃ","lemma":"περόνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸς","gloss":"brooch"},{"surface":"καταμύξατο","lemma":"καταμύσσω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scratched"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καταμύξατο","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἀραιήν","lemma":"ἀραιός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"delicate"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b5-l426","source":"ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε,","translation":"So she spoke, and the father of men and gods smiled.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"μείδησεν","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μείδησεν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b5-l427","source":"καί ῥα καλεσσάμενος προσέφη χρυσῆν Ἀφροδίτην·","translation":"Then he called golden Aphrodite to him and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καλεσσάμενος","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"χρυσῆν","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτην","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτην","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b5-l428","source":"οὔ τοι τέκνον ἐμὸν δέδοται πολεμήϊα ἔργα,","translation":"\"My child, the works of war have not been allotted to you.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δέδοται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δέδοται","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have been allotted"},{"surface":"πολεμήϊα","lemma":"πολεμήιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of δέδοται","gloss":"works"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b5-l429","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ ἱμερόεντα μετέρχεο ἔργα γάμοιο,","translation":"Go instead about the lovely works of marriage;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μετέρχεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"ἱμερόεντα","lemma":"ἱμερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"desirable"},{"surface":"μετέρχεο","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"attend to"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετέρχεο","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"γάμοιο","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"marriage"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b5-l430","source":"ταῦτα δʼ Ἄρηϊ θοῷ καὶ Ἀθήνῃ πάντα μελήσει.","translation":"swift Ares and Athena will attend to all of these.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μελήσει","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"θοῷ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνῃ","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μελήσει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be a concern"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b5-l431","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,","translation":"So they spoke such words to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were speaking"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b5-l432","source":"Αἰνείᾳ δʼ ἐπόρουσε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης,","translation":"while Diomedes, good at the war-cry, sprang upon Aeneas,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείᾳ","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b5-l433","source":"γιγνώσκων ὅ οἱ αὐτὸς ὑπείρεχε χεῖρας Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"though he knew that Apollo himself held his hands over him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκων","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπείρεχε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ὑπείρεχε","lemma":"ὑπερέχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"held over"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπείρεχε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπείρεχε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b5-l434","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ οὐδὲ θεὸν μέγαν ἅζετο, ἵετο δʼ αἰεὶ","translation":"Yet he did not even stand in awe of the great god, but ever strove","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἅζετο","gloss":"the god"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἅζετο","lemma":"ἅζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood in awe"},{"surface":"ἵετο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵετο","gloss":"ever"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b5-l435","source":"Αἰνείαν κτεῖναι καὶ ἀπὸ κλυτὰ τεύχεα δῦσαι.","translation":"to kill Aeneas and strip away his glorious armor.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κτεῖναι","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"κτεῖναι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δῦσαι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δῦσαι","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to strip off"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b5-l436","source":"τρὶς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐπόρουσε κατακτάμεναι μενεαίνων,","translation":"Three times he sprang at him, eager to kill,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"κατακτάμεναι","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μενεαίνων","gloss":"to kill him"},{"surface":"μενεαίνων","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b5-l437","source":"τρὶς δέ οἱ ἐστυφέλιξε φαεινὴν ἀσπίδʼ Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"and three times Apollo battered back his shining shield.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστυφέλιξε","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστυφέλιξε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐστυφέλιξε","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"battered back"},{"surface":"φαεινὴν","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδ̓","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδ","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐστυφέλιξε","gloss":"his shield"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστυφέλιξε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b5-l438","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος,","translation":"But when he charged a fourth time, equal to a god,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l438.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαίμονι ἶσος","title":"Equal to a god","body":"δαίμων here means a divine power, not the later Christian sense of \"demon.\" The formula raises Diomedes to terrifying godlike force at the instant Apollo must stop him directly."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies τέταρτον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τέταρτον","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"ἐπέσσυτο","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"δαίμονι","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσος","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b5-l439","source":"δεινὰ δʼ ὁμοκλήσας προσέφη ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"the far-worker Apollo shouted terribly and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὰ","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὁμοκλήσας","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλήσας","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργος","lemma":"Ἑκάεργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"far-worker"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b5-l440","source":"φράζεο Τυδεΐδη καὶ χάζεο, μηδὲ θεοῖσιν","translation":"\"Take thought, son of Tydeus, and draw back; do not seek","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φράζεο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take counsel"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδη","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάζεο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"draw back"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσ̓","gloss":"to gods"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b5-l441","source":"ἶσʼ ἔθελε φρονέειν, ἐπεὶ οὔ ποτε φῦλον ὁμοῖον","translation":"to think yourself equal to the gods, since never is the race the same","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l441.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὔ ποτε φῦλον ὁμοῖον","title":"Two unequal races","body":"φῦλον is a stock or race of beings. Apollo's warning draws an absolute boundary between the immortal gods and mortal humanity, even when a warrior attacks with force \"equal to a god.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ἶσ","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέειν","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἔθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seek"},{"surface":"φρονέειν","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελε","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"φῦλον","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖον","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b5-l442","source":"ἀθανάτων τε θεῶν χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων τʼ ἀνθρώπων.","translation":"of immortal gods and human beings who walk the earth.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρχομένων","gloss":"on the ground"},{"surface":"ἐρχομένων","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"who walk"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"of mortals"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b5-l443","source":"ὣς φάτο, Τυδεΐδης δʼ ἀνεχάζετο τυτθὸν ὀπίσσω","translation":"So he spoke, and the son of Tydeus drew back a little,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνεχάζετο","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b5-l444","source":"μῆνιν ἀλευάμενος ἑκατηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος.","translation":"avoiding the wrath of far-shooting Apollo.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆνιν","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλευάμενος","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"ἀλευάμενος","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"avoiding"},{"surface":"ἑκατηβόλου","lemma":"ἑκατηβόλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆνιν","gloss":"of Apollo"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b5-l445","source":"Αἰνείαν δʼ ἀπάτερθεν ὁμίλου θῆκεν Ἀπόλλων","translation":"Apollo set Aeneas apart from the throng","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπάτερθεν","lemma":"ἀπάτερθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from the rest"},{"surface":"ὁμίλου","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάτερθεν","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b5-l446","source":"Περγάμῳ εἰν ἱερῇ, ὅθι οἱ νηός γε τέτυκτο.","translation":"in sacred Pergamus, where Apollo's temple had been built.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Περγάμῳ","lemma":"Πέργαμος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰν","gloss":"Pergamus"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἱερῇ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Περγάμῳ","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέτυκτο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τέτυκτο","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"νηός","lemma":"ναός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέτυκτο","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Περγάμῳ","gloss":"had been made"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b5-l447","source":"ἤτοι τὸν Λητώ τε καὶ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα","translation":"There Leto and Artemis, showerer of arrows,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Λητώ","lemma":"Λητώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Leto"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄρτεμις","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"ἰοχέαιρα","lemma":"ἰοχέαιρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἄρτεμις","gloss":"showerer of arrows"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b5-l448","source":"ἐν μεγάλῳ ἀδύτῳ ἀκέοντό τε κύδαινόν τε·","translation":"healed him in the great inner sanctuary and honored him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀδύτῳ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἀδύτῳ","lemma":"ἄδυτον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"inner sanctuary"},{"surface":"ἀκέοντό","lemma":"ἀκέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"healed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύδαινόν","lemma":"κυδαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b5-l449","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ εἴδωλον τεῦξʼ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"But Apollo of the silver bow fashioned a phantom","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l449.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εἴδωλον τεῦξ'","title":"Apollo's phantom","body":"εἴδωλον is an image or phantom. Apollo has placed the real Aeneas inside the sanctuary to be healed; the figure he now makes for the armies to fight over is a separate likeness."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"εἴδωλον","lemma":"εἴδωλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τεῦξ̓","gloss":"phantom"},{"surface":"τεῦξ","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fashioned"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξος","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"silver-bowed"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τεῦξ̓","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b5-l450","source":"αὐτῷ τʼ Αἰνείᾳ ἴκελον καὶ τεύχεσι τοῖον,","translation":"like Aeneas himself and like him in armor,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰνείᾳ","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴκελον","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ἴκελον","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχεσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τοῖον","gloss":"in armor"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"like him"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b5-l451","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ εἰδώλῳ Τρῶες καὶ δῖοι Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"and around the phantom the Trojans and godlike Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἰδώλῳ","lemma":"εἴδωλον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"phantom"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖοι","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b5-l452","source":"δῄουν ἀλλήλων ἀμφὶ στήθεσσι βοείας","translation":"hacked at one another's oxhides about the chest,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῄουν","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut down"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"one another's"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the chest"},{"surface":"βοείας","lemma":"βοείη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δῄουν","gloss":"oxhides"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b5-l453","source":"ἀσπίδας εὐκύκλους λαισήϊά τε πτερόεντα.","translation":"well-rounded shields and winged bucklers.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l453.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀσπίδας εὐκύκλους λαισήϊά τε πτερόεντα","title":"Two kinds of shield","body":"Homer pairs the large, well-rounded ἀσπίδες with lighter λαισήϊα, hide bucklers described as \"winged,\" perhaps from their flaps or fluttering edges. The line deliberately names both defenses rather than using one generic word."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίδας","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"εὐκύκλους","lemma":"εὔκυκλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδας","gloss":"well-rounded"},{"surface":"λαισήϊά","lemma":"λαισήιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"bucklers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λαισήϊά","gloss":"winged"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b5-l454","source":"δὴ τότε θοῦρον Ἄρηα προσηύδα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"Then Phoebus Apollo addressed raging Ares:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θοῦρον","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b5-l455","source":"Ἆρες Ἄρες βροτολοιγὲ μιαιφόνε τειχεσιπλῆτα,","translation":"\"Ares, Ares, bane of mortals, blood-stained, stormer of walls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἆρες","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"Ἄρες","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"βροτολοιγὲ","lemma":"βροτολοιγός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρες","gloss":"bane of mortals"},{"surface":"μιαιφόνε","lemma":"μιαιφόνος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τειχεσιπλῆτα","gloss":"blood-stained"},{"surface":"τειχεσιπλῆτα","lemma":"τειχεσιπλήτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄρες","gloss":"stormer of walls"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b5-l456","source":"οὐκ ἂν δὴ τόνδʼ ἄνδρα μάχης ἐρύσαιο μετελθὼν","translation":"will you not go and draw this man out of the battle,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσαιο","gloss":"from battle"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαιο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would you draw"},{"surface":"μετελθὼν","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρύσαιο","gloss":"going after him"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b5-l457","source":"Τυδεΐδην, ὃς νῦν γε καὶ ἂν Διὶ πατρὶ μάχοιτο;","translation":"the son of Tydeus, who now would fight even father Zeus?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδην","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχοιτο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχοιτο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μάχοιτο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"μάχοιτο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τυδεΐδην","gloss":"would fight"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b5-l458","source":"Κύπριδα μὲν πρῶτα σχεδὸν οὔτασε χεῖρʼ ἐπὶ καρπῷ,","translation":"First he wounded Cypris at close quarters, on the hand by the wrist,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κύπριδα","lemma":"Κύπρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"Cypris"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"καρπῷ","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"wrist"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b5-l459","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ αὐτῷ μοι ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος.","translation":"and then he charged at me myself, equal to a god.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐπέσσυτο","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"δαίμονι","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσος","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b5-l460","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν αὐτὸς μὲν ἐφέζετο Περγάμῳ ἄκρῃ,","translation":"So he spoke and took his seat on the height of Pergamus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφέζετο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐφέζετο","lemma":"ἐφέζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"Περγάμῳ","lemma":"Πέργαμος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφέζετο","gloss":"on Pergamus"},{"surface":"ἄκρῃ","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Περγάμῳ","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b5-l461","source":"Τρῳὰς δὲ στίχας οὖλος Ἄρης ὄτρυνε μετελθὼν","translation":"while baneful Ares went among the Trojan ranks and roused them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῳὰς","lemma":"Τρωιός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"οὖλος","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"baneful"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"μετελθὼν","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"going among"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b5-l462","source":"εἰδόμενος Ἀκάμαντι θοῷ ἡγήτορι Θρῃκῶν·","translation":"in the likeness of swift Acamas, leader of the Thracians.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰδόμενος","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"in the likeness"},{"surface":"Ἀκάμαντι","lemma":"Ἀκάμας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδόμενος","gloss":"Acamas"},{"surface":"θοῷ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀκάμαντι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορι","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀκάμαντι","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"Θρῃκῶν","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγήτορι","gloss":"of the Thracians"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b5-l463","source":"υἱάσι δὲ Πριάμοιο διοτρεφέεσσι κέλευεν·","translation":"He urged the Zeus-nurtured sons of Priam:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱάσι","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέλευεν","gloss":"to the sons"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱάσι","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέεσσι","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱάσι","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"κέλευεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b5-l464","source":"ὦ υἱεῖς Πριάμοιο διοτρεφέος βασιλῆος","translation":"\"Sons of Priam, the Zeus-nurtured king,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l464.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διοτρεφέος βασιλῆος","title":"A Zeus-nurtured king","body":"διοτρεφής, \"Zeus-nurtured,\" presents royal authority as sustained by Zeus. Here the singular phrase describes Priam, while the preceding line applies its plural form to his sons."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"υἱεῖς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱεῖς","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέος","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆος","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b5-l465","source":"ἐς τί ἔτι κτείνεσθαι ἐάσετε λαὸν Ἀχαιοῖς;","translation":"how long will you let your people be killed by the Achaeans?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"how long"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐάσετε","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"κτείνεσθαι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσετε","gloss":"to be killed"},{"surface":"ἐάσετε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κτείνεσθαι","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κτείνεσθαι","gloss":"by the Achaeans"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b5-l466","source":"ἦ εἰς ὅ κεν ἀμφὶ πύλῃς εὖ ποιητῇσι μάχωνται;","translation":"Until they fight around the well-built gates?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"the point when"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"they may"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πύλῃς","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the gates"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιητῇσι","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ποιητῇσι","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πύλῃς","gloss":"built"},{"surface":"μάχωνται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b5-l467","source":"κεῖται ἀνὴρ ὃν ἶσον ἐτίομεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ","translation":"A man lies fallen whom we honored equally with godlike Hector:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐτίομεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἶσον","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἐτίομεν","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσον","gloss":"with Hector"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b5-l468","source":"Αἰνείας υἱὸς μεγαλήτορος Ἀγχίσαο·","translation":"Aeneas, the son of great-hearted Anchises.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἰνείας","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορος","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγχίσαο","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἀγχίσαο","lemma":"Ἀγχίσης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Anchises"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b5-l469","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ ἐκ φλοίσβοιο σαώσομεν ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον.","translation":"Come, let us save our noble comrade from the din.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἄγετ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"φλοίσβοιο","lemma":"φλοῖσβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"σαώσομεν","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us save"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σαώσομεν","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b5-l470","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.","translation":"So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of each man"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b5-l471","source":"ἔνθʼ αὖ Σαρπηδὼν μάλα νείκεσεν Ἕκτορα δῖον·","translation":"Then Sarpedon sharply rebuked godlike Hector:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νείκεσεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδὼν","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νείκεσεν","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νείκεσεν","gloss":"sharply"},{"surface":"νείκεσεν","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νείκεσεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b5-l472","source":"Ἕκτορ πῇ δή τοι μένος οἴχεται ὃ πρὶν ἔχεσκες;","translation":"\"Hector, where now has the strength gone that you once had?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l472.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔχεσκες","title":"The strength he used to have","body":"The iterative ending -σκ- in ἔχεσκες presents Hector's former strength as something he habitually possessed. Sarpedon's question contrasts that established past with Hector's present failure to act."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to οἴχεται","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to οἴχεται","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of οἴχεται","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"οἴχεται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has gone"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔχεσκες","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεσκες","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἔχεσκες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μένος","gloss":"you had"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b5-l473","source":"φῆς που ἄτερ λαῶν πόλιν ἑξέμεν ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων","translation":"You claimed that without your people or allies you would hold the city","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆς","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you claimed"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἄτερ","lemma":"ἄτερ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑξέμεν","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ἑξέμεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φῆς","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπικούρων","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b5-l474","source":"οἶος σὺν γαμβροῖσι κασιγνήτοισί τε σοῖσι.","translation":"alone, with only your brothers and your brothers-in-law.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"γαμβροῖσι","lemma":"γαμβρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"brothers-in-law"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτοισί","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σοῖσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b5-l475","source":"τῶν νῦν οὔ τινʼ ἐγὼ ἰδέειν δύναμʼ οὐδὲ νοῆσαι,","translation":"Of them I can neither see nor make out any man now;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύναμ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύναμ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἰδέειν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"δύναμ","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I can"},{"surface":"νοῆσαι","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to make out"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b5-l476","source":"ἀλλὰ καταπτώσσουσι κύνες ὣς ἀμφὶ λέοντα·","translation":"they cower like dogs around a lion.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καταπτώσσουσι","lemma":"καταπτώσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they cower"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"λέοντα","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"a lion"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b5-l477","source":"ἡμεῖς δὲ μαχόμεσθʼ οἵ πέρ τʼ ἐπίκουροι ἔνειμεν.","translation":"But we are fighting, we who are only allies.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχόμεσθ̓","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μαχόμεσθ","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are fighting"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔνειμεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουροι","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"allies"},{"surface":"ἔνειμεν","lemma":"ἔνειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἡμεῖς","gloss":"we are"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b5-l478","source":"καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν ἐπίκουρος ἐὼν μάλα τηλόθεν ἥκω·","translation":"For I too am an ally and have come from very far away:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἥκω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουρος","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as an ally"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥκω","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἥκω","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"ἥκω","lemma":"ἥκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have come"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b5-l479","source":"τηλοῦ γὰρ Λυκίη Ξάνθῳ ἔπι δινήεντι,","translation":"far off lies Lycia beside eddying Xanthus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλοῦ","lemma":"τηλοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Λυκίη","lemma":"Λυκία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"Ξάνθῳ","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"δινήεντι","lemma":"δινήεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ξάνθῳ","gloss":"eddying"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b5-l480","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλοχόν τε φίλην ἔλιπον καὶ νήπιον υἱόν,","translation":"where I left my dear wife and infant son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄλοχόν","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἔλιπον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήπιον","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"infant"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b5-l481","source":"κὰδ δὲ κτήματα πολλά, τὰ ἔλδεται ὅς κʼ ἐπιδευής.","translation":"and many possessions that a needy man longs to have.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτήματα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔλδεται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἔλδεται","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κτήματα","gloss":"longs"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐπιδευής","lemma":"ἐπιδευής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"needy"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b5-l482","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς Λυκίους ὀτρύνω καὶ μέμονʼ αὐτὸς","translation":"Yet even so I urge the Lycians on, and I myself am eager","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Λυκίους","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνω","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνω","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I urge on"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέμον","lemma":"μέμονα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am eager"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b5-l483","source":"ἀνδρὶ μαχήσασθαι· ἀτὰρ οὔ τί μοι ἐνθάδε τοῖον","translation":"to fight a man; but I have nothing here","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μαχήσασθαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"μαχήσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of μέμον̓","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"such"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b5-l484","source":"οἷόν κʼ ἠὲ φέροιεν Ἀχαιοὶ ἤ κεν ἄγοιεν·","translation":"that the Achaeans might carry off or drive away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷόν","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἤ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"φέροιεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἤ","gloss":"might carry off"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤ","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἄγοιεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἤ","gloss":"might drive away"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b5-l485","source":"τύνη δʼ ἕστηκας, ἀτὰρ οὐδʼ ἄλλοισι κελεύεις","translation":"But you stand still and do not even command the other","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύνη","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕστηκας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕστηκας","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαοῖσιν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b5-l486","source":"λαοῖσιν μενέμεν καὶ ἀμυνέμεναι ὤρεσσι.","translation":"troops to stand firm and defend their wives.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοῖσιν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κελεύεις","gloss":"troops"},{"surface":"μενέμεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to stay"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"ὤρεσσι","lemma":"ὄαρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμυνέμεναι","gloss":"wives"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b5-l487","source":"μή πως ὡς ἀψῖσι λίνου ἁλόντε πανάγρου","translation":"Take care that, caught as in the meshes of an all-ensnaring net,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l487.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀψῖσι λίνου ... πανάγρου","title":"An all-ensnaring net","body":"ἀψῖδες are the loops or meshes of a linen net, while πάναγρος describes something that catches every kind of prey. Sarpedon imagines the defenders themselves trapped like hunted animals inside their city."}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to γένησθε","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἁλόντε","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἀψῖσι","lemma":"ἁψίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἁλόντε","gloss":"meshes"},{"surface":"λίνου","lemma":"λίνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀψῖσι","gloss":"net"},{"surface":"ἁλόντε","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to γένησθε","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"πανάγρου","lemma":"πάναγρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λίνου","gloss":"all-ensnaring"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b5-l488","source":"ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γένησθε·","translation":"you do not become the spoil and prey of hostile men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γένησθε","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δυσμενέεσσιν","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"ἕλωρ","lemma":"ἕλωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"spoil"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύρμα","lemma":"κύρμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"prey"},{"surface":"γένησθε","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"you become"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b5-l489","source":"οἳ δὲ τάχʼ ἐκπέρσουσʼ εὖ ναιομένην πόλιν ὑμήν.","translation":"who will soon sack your well-inhabited city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκπέρσουσ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκπέρσουσ̓","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ἐκπέρσουσ","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will sack"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιομένην","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιομένην","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"well-inhabited"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσουσ̓","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ὑμήν","lemma":"ὑμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b5-l490","source":"σοὶ δὲ χρὴ τάδε πάντα μέλειν νύκτάς τε καὶ ἦμαρ","translation":"You must keep all this in mind by night and day,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μέλειν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of μέλειν","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάδε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μέλειν","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"keep in mind"},{"surface":"νύκτάς","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b5-l491","source":"ἀρχοὺς λισσομένῳ τηλεκλειτῶν ἐπικούρων","translation":"beseeching the leaders of your far-famed allies","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχοὺς","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λισσομένῳ","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"λισσομένῳ","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"beseeching"},{"surface":"τηλεκλειτῶν","lemma":"τηλεκλειτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπικούρων","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"ἐπικούρων","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχοὺς","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b5-l492","source":"νωλεμέως ἐχέμεν, κρατερὴν δʼ ἀποθέσθαι ἐνιπήν.","translation":"to hold on without cease, while you lay stern reproach aside.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νωλεμέως","lemma":"νωλεμές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχέμεν","gloss":"steadily"},{"surface":"ἐχέμεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of λισσομένῳ","gloss":"to hold"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιπήν","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀποθέσθαι","lemma":"ἀποτίθημι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"to lay down"},{"surface":"ἐνιπήν","lemma":"ἐνιπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποθέσθαι","gloss":"rebuke"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b5-l493","source":"ὣς φάτο Σαρπηδών, δάκε δὲ φρένας Ἕκτορι μῦθος·","translation":"So Sarpedon spoke, and his words bit Hector's heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l493.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δάκε δὲ φρένας","title":"Words that bite","body":"δάκε is literally \"bit,\" while φρένες are the inner faculties of feeling and thought. The physical metaphor makes Sarpedon's rebuke pierce Hector inwardly before Hector answers it with action rather than speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδών","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φάτο","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"δάκε","lemma":"δάκνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δάκε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δάκε","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b5-l494","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε,","translation":"and at once he leapt to the ground from his chariot in his armor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἆλτο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἆλτο","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b5-l495","source":"πάλλων δʼ ὀξέα δοῦρα κατὰ στρατὸν ᾤχετο πάντῃ","translation":"and, brandishing his sharp spears, went everywhere through the army,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάλλων","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"brandishing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀξέα","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δοῦρα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάλλων","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the army"},{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"everywhere"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b5-l496","source":"ὀτρύνων μαχέσασθαι, ἔγειρε δὲ φύλοπιν αἰνήν.","translation":"urging them to fight, and stirred the dreadful din of battle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνων","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"μαχέσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνων","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἔγειρε","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φύλοπιν","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔγειρε","gloss":"battle-din"},{"surface":"αἰνήν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φύλοπιν","gloss":"dread"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b5-l497","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐλελίχθησαν καὶ ἐναντίοι ἔσταν Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"They wheeled about and stood facing the Achaeans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλελίχθησαν","lemma":"ἐλελίζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wheeled about"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐναντίοι","lemma":"ἐναντίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"ἔσταν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐναντίοι","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b5-l498","source":"Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ὑπέμειναν ἀολλέες οὐδὲ φόβηθεν.","translation":"the Argives held their ground in close array and did not flee.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέμειναν","lemma":"ὑπομένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held their ground"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in close array"},{"surface":"φόβηθεν","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not flee"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b5-l499","source":"ὡς δʼ ἄνεμος ἄχνας φορέει ἱερὰς κατʼ ἀλωὰς","translation":"As a wind carries chaff across the sacred threshing floors","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνεμος","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φορέει","gloss":"the wind"},{"surface":"ἄχνας","lemma":"ἄχνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of φορέει","gloss":"chaff"},{"surface":"φορέει","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"ἱερὰς","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλωὰς","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἀλωὰς","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"threshing floors"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b5-l500","source":"ἀνδρῶν λικμώντων, ὅτε τε ξανθὴ Δημήτηρ","translation":"of men winnowing, when golden Demeter","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλωὰς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"λικμώντων","lemma":"λικμάω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"winnowing"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κρίνῃ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξανθὴ","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Δημήτηρ","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Δημήτηρ","lemma":"Δημήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κρίνῃ","gloss":"Demeter"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b5-l501","source":"κρίνῃ ἐπειγομένων ἀνέμων καρπόν τε καὶ ἄχνας,","translation":"separates grain from chaff beneath the driving winds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρίνῃ","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to φορέει","gloss":"separates"},{"surface":"ἐπειγομένων","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κρίνῃ","gloss":"driving"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπειγομένων","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"καρπόν","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχνας","lemma":"ἄχνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chaff"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b5-l502","source":"αἳ δʼ ὑπολευκαίνονται ἀχυρμιαί· ὣς τότʼ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"and the heaps of chaff grow white—so then the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies ἀχυρμιαί","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπολευκαίνονται","lemma":"ὑπολευκαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"grow white"},{"surface":"ἀχυρμιαί","lemma":"ἀχυρμιά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ὑπολευκαίνονται","gloss":"chaff heaps"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of γένοντο","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b5-l503","source":"λευκοὶ ὕπερθε γένοντο κονισάλῳ, ὅν ῥα διʼ αὐτῶν","translation":"grew white above with dust, which through their midst","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λευκοὶ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοντο","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"κονισάλῳ","lemma":"κονίσαλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γένοντο","gloss":"dust cloud"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέπληγον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to δἰ","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b5-l504","source":"οὐρανὸν ἐς πολύχαλκον ἐπέπληγον πόδες ἵππων","translation":"the horses' feet beat up to the bronze-bound sky","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l504.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐρανὸν ... πολύχαλκον","title":"A bronze-bound sky","body":"πολύχαλκος literally means \"rich in bronze\" or \"much-bronzed.\" Applied to the sky, it gives the heavens a hard metallic vastness toward which the battlefield dust is beaten."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πολύχαλκον","lemma":"πολύχαλκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"bronze-bound"},{"surface":"ἐπέπληγον","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κονισάλῳ","gloss":"beat up"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέπληγον","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόδες","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b5-l505","source":"ἂψ ἐπιμισγομένων· ὑπὸ δʼ ἔστρεφον ἡνιοχῆες.","translation":"as the armies closed again; beneath them the charioteers wheeled the teams.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιμισγομένων","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπιμισγομένων","lemma":"ἐπιμίσγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέπληγον","gloss":"closing again"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστρεφον","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wheeled"},{"surface":"ἡνιοχῆες","lemma":"ἡνιοχεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστρεφον","gloss":"charioteers"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b5-l506","source":"οἳ δὲ μένος χειρῶν ἰθὺς φέρον· ἀμφὶ δὲ νύκτα","translation":"They bore the force of their hands straight on; and around the Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"straight on"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b5-l507","source":"θοῦρος Ἄρης ἐκάλυψε μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγων","translation":"furious Ares spread night, aiding them in battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θοῦρος","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρήγων","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρήγων","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"aiding"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b5-l508","source":"πάντοσʼ ἐποιχόμενος· τοῦ δʼ ἐκραίαινεν ἐφετμὰς","translation":"as he ranged everywhere, fulfilling the commands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐποιχόμενος","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενος","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"ranging"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκραίαινεν","lemma":"κραίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fulfilled"},{"surface":"ἐφετμὰς","lemma":"ἐφετμή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκραίαινεν","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b5-l509","source":"Φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος χρυσαόρου, ὅς μιν ἀνώγει","translation":"of Phoebus Apollo of the golden sword, who had ordered him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l509.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος χρυσαόρου","title":"Apollo of the golden sword","body":"χρυσάορος names Apollo by a golden sword, a distinct epithet from ἀργυρότοξος, \"of the silver bow,\" at line 517. The translation keeps the two divine weapons and their metals separate."}],"words":[{"surface":"Φοίβου","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐφετμὰς","gloss":"of Apollo"},{"surface":"χρυσαόρου","lemma":"χρυσάορος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"golden-sworded"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"had ordered"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b5-l510","source":"Τρωσὶν θυμὸν ἐγεῖραι, ἐπεὶ ἴδε Παλλάδʼ Ἀθήνην","translation":"to rouse the Trojans' spirit when he saw Pallas Athena","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"for the Trojans"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγεῖραι","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐγεῖραι","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀνώγει","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Παλλάδ","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνην","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b5-l511","source":"οἰχομένην· ἣ γάρ ῥα πέλεν Δαναοῖσιν ἀρηγών.","translation":"departing, for she had been the Danaans' helper.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰχομένην","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"departing"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πέλεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πέλεν","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέλεν","gloss":"for the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἀρηγών","lemma":"ἀρηγών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"helper"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b5-l512","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ Αἰνείαν μάλα πίονος ἐξ ἀδύτοιο","translation":"Apollo himself sent Aeneas from the innermost chamber of his rich sanctuary","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πίονος","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀδύτοιο","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀδύτοιο","lemma":"ἄδυτον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"inner sanctuary"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b5-l513","source":"ἧκε, καὶ ἐν στήθεσσι μένος βάλε ποιμένι λαῶν.","translation":"and put strength into the chest of the shepherd of the people.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b5-l514","source":"Αἰνείας δʼ ἑτάροισι μεθίστατο· τοὶ δὲ χάρησαν,","translation":"Aeneas took his place among his companions, and they rejoiced","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μεθίστατο","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεθίστατο","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"μεθίστατο","lemma":"μεθίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took his place"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χάρησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάρησαν","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they rejoiced"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b5-l515","source":"ὡς εἶδον ζωόν τε καὶ ἀρτεμέα προσιόντα","translation":"when they saw him coming toward them alive and unharmed","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶδον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εἶδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to χάρησαν","gloss":"they saw"},{"surface":"ζωόν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρτεμέα","lemma":"ἀρτεμής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"προσιόντα","lemma":"πρόσειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"approaching"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b5-l516","source":"καὶ μένος ἐσθλὸν ἔχοντα· μετάλλησάν γε μὲν οὔ τι.","translation":"and filled with noble strength; yet they questioned him about nothing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"μετάλλησάν","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"questioned"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετάλλησάν","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b5-l517","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔα πόνος ἄλλος, ὃν ἀργυρότοξος ἔγειρεν","translation":"For the other toil gave them no leave, the toil raised by the god of the silver bow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"πόνος","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔα","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνος","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔγειρεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξος","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"silver-bowed"},{"surface":"ἔγειρεν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πόνος","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b5-l518","source":"Ἄρης τε βροτολοιγὸς Ἔρις τʼ ἄμοτον μεμαυῖα.","translation":"by Ares, bane of mortals, and by Strife raging without cease.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βροτολοιγὸς","lemma":"βροτολοιγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"man-destroying"},{"surface":"Ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμοτον","lemma":"ἄμοτον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαυῖα","gloss":"without limit"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies Ἔρις","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b5-l519","source":"τοὺς δʼ Αἴαντε δύω καὶ Ὀδυσσεὺς καὶ Διομήδης","translation":"But the two Ajaxes, Odysseus, and Diomedes","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Δαναοὺς","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the two Ajaxes"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Αἴαντε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b5-l520","source":"ὄτρυνον Δαναοὺς πολεμιζέμεν· οἳ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ","translation":"urged the Danaans to fight; and they themselves","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄτρυνον","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"Δαναοὺς","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνον","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"πολεμιζέμεν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὄτρυνον","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b5-l521","source":"οὔτε βίας Τρώων ὑπεδείδισαν οὔτε ἰωκάς,","translation":"feared neither the Trojans' force nor their onslaughts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"βίας","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπεδείδισαν","gloss":"force, might"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βίας","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὑπεδείδισαν","lemma":"ὑποδείδω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feared","note":"Pluperfect form used with simple past force ('feared'), not 'had feared' — a common Homeric usage."},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἰωκάς","lemma":"ἰωκή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"onslaughts"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b5-l522","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔμενον νεφέλῃσιν ἐοικότες ἅς τε Κρονίων","translation":"but waited like clouds that the son of Cronos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμενον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waited"},{"surface":"νεφέλῃσιν","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"the clouds"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμενον","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔστησεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστησεν","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b5-l523","source":"νηνεμίης ἔστησεν ἐπʼ ἀκροπόλοισιν ὄρεσσιν","translation":"has set upon the high peaks in a windless calm,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηνεμίης","lemma":"νηνεμία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔστησεν","gloss":"windless calm"},{"surface":"ἔστησεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νεφέλῃσιν","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀκροπόλοισιν","lemma":"ἀκροπόλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρεσσιν","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ὄρεσσιν","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"mountains"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b5-l524","source":"ἀτρέμας, ὄφρʼ εὕδῃσι μένος Βορέαο καὶ ἄλλων","translation":"motionless while the force of Boreas and the other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀτρέμας","lemma":"ἀτρέμας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστησεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕδῃσι","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"εὕδῃσι","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔστησεν","gloss":"sleeps"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εὕδῃσι","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"Βορέαο","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Boreas"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b5-l525","source":"ζαχρειῶν ἀνέμων, οἵ τε νέφεα σκιόεντα","translation":"raging winds sleeps, winds that scatter shadowy clouds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζαχρειῶν","lemma":"ζαχρηής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διασκιδνᾶσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέφεα","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διασκιδνᾶσιν","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"σκιόεντα","lemma":"σκιόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφεα","gloss":"shadowy"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b5-l526","source":"πνοιῇσιν λιγυρῇσι διασκιδνᾶσιν ἀέντες·","translation":"when they blow with their shrill blasts.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πνοιῇσιν","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διασκιδνᾶσιν","gloss":"blasts"},{"surface":"λιγυρῇσι","lemma":"λιγυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πνοιῇσιν","gloss":"shrill"},{"surface":"διασκιδνᾶσιν","lemma":"διασκίδνημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνέμων","gloss":"scatter"},{"surface":"ἀέντες","lemma":"ἄημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to διασκιδνᾶσιν","gloss":"blowing"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b5-l527","source":"ὣς Δαναοὶ Τρῶας μένον ἔμπεδον οὐδὲ φέβοντο.","translation":"So the Danaans waited steadily for the Trojans and did not flee.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μένον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waited"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"steadily"},{"surface":"φέβοντο","lemma":"φέβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not flee"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b5-l528","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἐφοίτα πολλὰ κελεύων·","translation":"The son of Atreus ranged through the throng, giving many commands:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφοίτα","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀν̓","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἐφοίτα","lemma":"φοιτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ranged"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κελεύων","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κελεύων","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφοίτα","gloss":"commanding"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b5-l529","source":"ὦ φίλοι ἀνέρες ἔστε καὶ ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἕλεσθε,","translation":"\"Friends, be men, and take up valiant hearts!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλεσθε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἕλεσθε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take up"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b5-l530","source":"ἀλλήλους τʼ αἰδεῖσθε κατὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας·","translation":"Have regard for one another amid the fierce encounters.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of αἰδεῖσθε","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδεῖσθε","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"respect"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερὰς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνας","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνας","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"battle-press"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b5-l531","source":"αἰδομένων ἀνδρῶν πλέονες σόοι ἠὲ πέφανται·","translation":"Of men who feel such shame, more are saved than slain;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδομένων","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"showing respect"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πλέονες","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"πλέονες","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"σόοι","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πέφανται","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b5-l532","source":"φευγόντων δʼ οὔτʼ ἂρ κλέος ὄρνυται οὔτε τις ἀλκή.","translation":"but for those who flee, neither glory nor valor rises.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φευγόντων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"object of ὄρνυται","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυται","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"ὄρνυται","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀλκή","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ἀλκή","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b5-l533","source":"ἦ καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ θοῶς, βάλε δὲ πρόμον ἄνδρα","translation":"He spoke, and swiftly cast his spear, and struck a foremost man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"his spear"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόμον","lemma":"πρόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"a champion"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b5-l534","source":"Αἰνείω ἕταρον μεγαθύμου Δηϊκόωντα","translation":"a companion of great-hearted Aeneas, Deicoon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείω","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕταρον","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ἕταρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δηϊκόωντα","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰνείω","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Δηϊκόωντα","lemma":"Δηίκοων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Deicoon"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b5-l535","source":"Περγασίδην, ὃν Τρῶες ὁμῶς Πριάμοιο τέκεσσι","translation":"son of Pergasus, whom the Trojans honored equally with Priam's sons,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Περγασίδην","lemma":"Περγασίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δηϊκόωντα","gloss":"son of Pergasus"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τῖον","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τῖον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τῖον","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκεσσι","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"τέκεσσι","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὁμῶς","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b5-l536","source":"τῖον, ἐπεὶ θοὸς ἔσκε μετὰ πρώτοισι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"because he was quick to fight among the front ranks.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῖον","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δηϊκόωντα","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"θοὸς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he was"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρώτοισι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to θοὸς","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b5-l537","source":"τόν ῥα κατʼ ἀσπίδα δουρὶ βάλε κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"The lord Agamemnon struck him on the shield with his spear;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b5-l538","source":"ἣ δʼ οὐκ ἔγχος ἔρυτο, διὰ πρὸ δὲ εἴσατο χαλκός,","translation":"the shield did not hold the spear, but the bronze passed clean through","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρυτο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔρυτο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔρυτο","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"object of εἴσατο","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσατο","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴσατο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b5-l539","source":"νειαίρῃ δʼ ἐν γαστρὶ διὰ ζωστῆρος ἔλασσε·","translation":"and drove through his belt into the lower belly.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l539.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νειαίρῃ ... γαστρὶ διὰ ζωστῆρος","title":"Through the belt into the lower belly","body":"The spear first penetrates Deicoon's shield, then passes through the war-belt and enters the lower part of the abdomen. νειαίρῃ locates the wound low in the γαστήρ rather than leaving it as a general blow to the body."}],"words":[{"surface":"νειαίρῃ","lemma":"νείαιρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστρὶ","gloss":"lower"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαστρὶ","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ζωστῆρος","lemma":"ζωστήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"ἔλασσε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove through"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b5-l540","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.","translation":"he fell with a thud, and his armor clattered upon him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l540.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχε' ἐπ' αὐτῷ","title":"The falling-and-clattering formula","body":"The Greek line exactly repeats Iliad 4.504 and 5.42, so its accepted English is repeated without alteration. The body falls with a thud, followed by the separate clatter of armor upon it."}],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἀράβησε","lemma":"ἀραβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clattered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀράβησε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b5-l541","source":"ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ Αἰνείας Δαναῶν ἕλεν ἄνδρας ἀρίστους","translation":"Then Aeneas in turn slew two of the Danaans' best men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλεν","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἕλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b5-l542","source":"υἷε Διοκλῆος Κρήθωνά τε Ὀρσίλοχόν τε,","translation":"the sons of Diocles, Crethon and Orsilochus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἷε","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the sons"},{"surface":"Διοκλῆος","lemma":"Διοκλῆς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"Diocles"},{"surface":"Κρήθωνά","lemma":"Κρήθων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Crethon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀρσίλοχόν","lemma":"Ὀρσίλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Orsilochus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b5-l543","source":"τῶν ῥα πατὴρ μὲν ἔναιεν ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐνὶ Φηρῇ","translation":"Their father dwelt in well-built Pherae,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἔναιεν","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτιμένῃ","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Φηρῇ","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Φηρῇ","lemma":"Φηραί","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Pherae"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b5-l544","source":"ἀφνειὸς βιότοιο, γένος δʼ ἦν ἐκ ποταμοῖο","translation":"rich in livelihood, and his lineage came from the river","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφνειὸς","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"βιότοιο","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀφνειὸς","gloss":"in livelihood"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"of a river"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b5-l545","source":"Ἀλφειοῦ, ὅς τʼ εὐρὺ ῥέει Πυλίων διὰ γαίης,","translation":"Alpheus, who flows broad through the land of the Pylians.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλφειοῦ","lemma":"Ἀλφειός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"of the Alpheus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥέει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ῥέει","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"ῥέει","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"flows"},{"surface":"Πυλίων","lemma":"Πύλιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"of the Pylians"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b5-l546","source":"ὃς τέκετʼ Ὀρτίλοχον πολέεσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἄνακτα·","translation":"He fathered Ortilochus, lord over many men;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τέκετ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέκετ","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"Ὀρτίλοχον","lemma":"Ὀρτίλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέκετ̓","gloss":"Ortilochus"},{"surface":"πολέεσσ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρεσσιν","gloss":"the many"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνακτα","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b5-l547","source":"Ὀρτίλοχος δʼ ἄρʼ ἔτικτε Διοκλῆα μεγάθυμον,","translation":"and Ortilochus fathered great-hearted Diocles,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὀρτίλοχος","lemma":"Ὀρτίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔτικτε","gloss":"Ortilochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτικτε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fathered"},{"surface":"Διοκλῆα","lemma":"Διοκλῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτικτε","gloss":"Diocles"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμον","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διοκλῆα","gloss":"great-hearted"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b5-l548","source":"ἐκ δὲ Διοκλῆος διδυμάονε παῖδε γενέσθην,","translation":"and from Diocles twin sons were born,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l548.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διδυμάονε παῖδε γενέσθην","title":"Twin sons in the dual","body":"παῖδε and γενέσθην are dual forms, while διδυμάονε identifies the pair as twins. The dual grammar continues through the brothers' voyage, death, and lion simile, repeatedly binding their two lives together."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διοκλῆος","lemma":"Διοκλῆς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"Diocles"},{"surface":"διδυμάονε","lemma":"διδυμάων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδε","gloss":"twins"},{"surface":"παῖδε","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"γενέσθην","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were born"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b5-l549","source":"Κρήθων Ὀρσίλοχός τε μάχης εὖ εἰδότε πάσης.","translation":"Crethon and Orsilochus, skilled in every kind of battle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κρήθων","lemma":"Κρήθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Crethon"},{"surface":"Ὀρσίλοχός","lemma":"Ὀρσίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Orsilochus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδότε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδότε","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδότε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"versed"},{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b5-l550","source":"τὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ἡβήσαντε μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν","translation":"When the two had come to manhood, aboard the black ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑπέσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἡβήσαντε","lemma":"ἡβάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑπέσθην","gloss":"came to manhood"},{"surface":"μελαινάων","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"aboard"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b5-l551","source":"Ἴλιον εἰς εὔπωλον ἅμʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἑπέσθην,","translation":"they followed the Argives to horse-rich Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"εὔπωλον","lemma":"εὔπωλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"horse-rich"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἅμ̓","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἑπέσθην","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b5-l552","source":"τιμὴν Ἀτρεΐδῃς Ἀγαμέμνονι καὶ Μενελάῳ","translation":"seeking honor for the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l552.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τιμὴν Ἀτρεΐδῃς ... ἀρνυμένω","title":"Winning honor for the sons of Atreus","body":"τιμή is public honor and standing, here something the brothers strive to win for Agamemnon and Menelaus through the expedition. The dual participle ἀρνυμένω keeps Crethon and Orsilochus together as the agents of that effort."}],"words":[{"surface":"τιμὴν","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀρνυμένω","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃς","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"the sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενελάῳ","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b5-l553","source":"ἀρνυμένω· τὼ δʼ αὖθι τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψεν.","translation":"but there the end of death covered them both.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l553.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τέλος θανάτοιο","title":"The end of death","body":"τέλος is the destined end or completion that death brings, distinct from the τιμή the brothers sought in the preceding line. The compact phrase closes their long genealogy at the battlefield where both lives end together."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρνυμένω","lemma":"ἄρνυμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑπέσθην","gloss":"winning"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάλυψεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κάλυψεν","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"κάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b5-l554","source":"οἵω τώ γε λέοντε δύω ὄρεος κορυφῇσιν","translation":"They were like two lions upon the mountain heights,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵω","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine article","role":"modifies λέοντε","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λέοντε","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτραφέτην","gloss":"lions"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies λέοντε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ὄρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κορυφῇσιν","gloss":"of the mountain"},{"surface":"κορυφῇσιν","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτραφέτην","gloss":"over the peaks"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b5-l555","source":"ἐτραφέτην ὑπὸ μητρὶ βαθείης τάρφεσιν ὕλης·","translation":"reared by their mother in the thickets of the deep forest.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐτραφέτην","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλης","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"τάρφεσιν","lemma":"τάρφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτραφέτην","gloss":"thickets"},{"surface":"ὕλης","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τάρφεσιν","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b5-l556","source":"τὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ἁρπάζοντε βόας καὶ ἴφια μῆλα","translation":"The two would seize cattle and strong sheep","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεραΐζετον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἁρπάζοντε","lemma":"ἁρπάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to κεραΐζετον","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"βόας","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴφια","lemma":"ἴφιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b5-l557","source":"σταθμοὺς ἀνθρώπων κεραΐζετον, ὄφρα καὶ αὐτὼ","translation":"and ravage the farmsteads of men, until they too","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σταθμοὺς","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κεραΐζετον","gloss":"farmsteads"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies σταθμοὺς","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κεραΐζετον","lemma":"κεραίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would ravage"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"αὐτὼ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of κατέκταθεν","gloss":"the pair themselves"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b5-l558","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἐν παλάμῃσι κατέκταθεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ·","translation":"were killed beneath men's hands by the sharp bronze.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies παλάμῃσι","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσι","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"κατέκταθεν","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"were killed"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέκταθεν","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b5-l559","source":"τοίω τὼ χείρεσσιν ὑπʼ Αἰνείαο δαμέντε","translation":"So these two, subdued beneath the hands of Aeneas,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοίω","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καππεσέτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"χείρεσσιν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Αἰνείαο","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χείρεσσιν","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δαμέντε","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to καππεσέτην","gloss":"subdued"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b5-l560","source":"καππεσέτην, ἐλάτῃσιν ἐοικότες ὑψηλῇσι.","translation":"fell like tall fir trees.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l560.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐλάτῃσιν ... ὑψηλῇσι","title":"Falling like tall firs","body":"ἐλάτη is the fir tree. After the brothers have been compared to living predators, the final image fixes their simultaneous fall as the toppling of two tall forest trees."}],"words":[{"surface":"καππεσέτην","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἐλάτῃσιν","lemma":"ἐλάτη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"fir trees"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καππεσέτην","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὑψηλῇσι","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλάτῃσιν","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b5-l561","source":"τὼ δὲ πεσόντʼ ἐλέησεν ἀρηΐφιλος Μενέλαος,","translation":"Menelaus, dear to Ares, pitied the two fallen men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλέησεν","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσόντ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"ἐλέησεν","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"ἀρηΐφιλος","lemma":"ἀρηίφιλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"dear to Ares"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλέησεν","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b5-l562","source":"βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ","translation":"and he strode out through the front ranks, helmed in gleaming bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l562.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ","title":"Through the front ranks","body":"This movement line closely repeats the accepted formula at Iliad 4.495 and is held to the same English wording. Its exact Greek recurs at 5.681, where the English must repeat this line verbatim."}],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strode"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"κεκορυθμένος","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"helmed"},{"surface":"αἴθοπι","lemma":"αἴθοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκορυθμένος","gloss":"in bronze"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b5-l563","source":"σείων ἐγχείην· τοῦ δʼ ὄτρυνεν μένος Ἄρης,","translation":"shaking his spear; and Ares stirred his strength,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σείων","lemma":"σείω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"brandishing"},{"surface":"ἐγχείην","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σείων","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνεν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b5-l564","source":"τὰ φρονέων ἵνα χερσὶν ὑπʼ Αἰνείαο δαμείη.","translation":"intending that he should be subdued beneath Aeneas's hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l564.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἵνα ... δαμείη","title":"Ares' deadly purpose","body":"The purpose clause introduced by ἵνα uses the aorist passive optative δαμείη after the past-tense ὄτρυνεν. Its subject is Menelaus: Ares rouses him with the intention that Aeneas will overpower him."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"intending"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Αἰνείαο","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δαμείη","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἵνα","gloss":"be subdued"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b5-l565","source":"τὸν δʼ ἴδεν Ἀντίλοχος μεγαθύμου Νέστορος υἱός,","translation":"Antilochus, son of great-hearted Nestor, saw him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδεν","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχος","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b5-l566","source":"βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων· περὶ γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν","translation":"and strode out through the front ranks, for he feared for the shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strode"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δίε","lemma":"δίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feared"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δίε","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b5-l567","source":"μή τι πάθοι, μέγα δέ σφας ἀποσφήλειε πόνοιο.","translation":"lest he suffer harm and bring their great labor to nothing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθοι","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πάθοι","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"he suffer"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀποσφήλειε","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποσφήλειε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἀποσφήλειε","lemma":"ἀποσφάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"bring to nothing"},{"surface":"πόνοιο","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποσφήλειε","gloss":"from their labor"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b5-l568","source":"τὼ μὲν δὴ χεῖράς τε καὶ ἔγχεα ὀξυόεντα","translation":"The two were already holding their hands and sharp-pointed spears","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐχέτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χεῖράς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεα","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ὀξυόεντα","lemma":"ὀξυόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεα","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b5-l569","source":"ἀντίον ἀλλήλων ἐχέτην μεμαῶτε μάχεσθαι·","translation":"against each other, eager to fight;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀντίον","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἐχέτην","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτε","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχέτην","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μεμαῶτε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b5-l570","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δὲ μάλʼ ἄγχι παρίστατο ποιμένι λαῶν.","translation":"but Antilochus stood very close beside the shepherd of the people.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρίστατο","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρίστατο","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"παρίστατο","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came up beside"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρίστατο","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b5-l571","source":"Αἰνείας δʼ οὐ μεῖνε θοός περ ἐὼν πολεμιστὴς","translation":"Aeneas did not wait, swift warrior though he was,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μεῖνε","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μεῖνε","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"θοός","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολεμιστὴς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μεῖνε","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"πολεμιστὴς","lemma":"πολεμιστής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"warrior"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b5-l572","source":"ὡς εἶδεν δύο φῶτε παρʼ ἀλλήλοισι μένοντε.","translation":"when he saw two men standing firm beside each other.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶδεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εἶδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μεῖνε","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies φῶτε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"φῶτε","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of εἶδεν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"μένοντε","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing firm"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b5-l573","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν νεκροὺς ἔρυσαν μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"And when they had drawn the bodies back among the Achaean host,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρυσαν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νεκροὺς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσαν","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"ἔρυσαν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b5-l574","source":"τὼ μὲν ἄρα δειλὼ βαλέτην ἐν χερσὶν ἑταίρων,","translation":"they placed the two poor men in their comrades' arms,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of βαλέτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δειλὼ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies τὼ","gloss":"poor men"},{"surface":"βαλέτην","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"of their comrades"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b5-l575","source":"αὐτὼ δὲ στρεφθέντε μετὰ πρώτοισι μαχέσθην.","translation":"then turned themselves and fought among the foremost.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὼ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the pair themselves"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στρεφθέντε","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to μαχέσθην","gloss":"turning"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρώτοισι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"μαχέσθην","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b5-l576","source":"ἔνθα Πυλαιμένεα ἑλέτην ἀτάλαντον Ἄρηϊ","translation":"There they slew Pylaemenes, equal to Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑλέτην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Πυλαιμένεα","lemma":"Πυλαιμένης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλέτην","gloss":"Pylaemenes"},{"surface":"ἑλέτην","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντον","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πυλαιμένεα","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντον","gloss":"to Ares"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b5-l577","source":"ἀρχὸν Παφλαγόνων μεγαθύμων ἀσπιστάων.","translation":"leader of the great-hearted Paphlagonian shieldmen.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχὸν","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πυλαιμένεα","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"Παφλαγόνων","lemma":"Παφλαγών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀσπιστάων","gloss":"of the Paphlagonians"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμων","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπιστάων","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἀσπιστάων","lemma":"ἀσπιστής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχὸν","gloss":"shield-bearers"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b5-l578","source":"τὸν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἀτρεΐδης δουρικλειτὸς Μενέλαος","translation":"The spear-famed son of Atreus, Menelaus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νύξε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δουρικλειτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"spear-famed"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νύξε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b5-l579","source":"ἑσταότʼ ἔγχεϊ νύξε κατὰ κληῗδα τυχήσας·","translation":"struck him as he stood, catching him at the collarbone with his spear.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l579.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ κληῗδα","title":"A strike at the collarbone","body":"κληΐς is the collarbone or clavicle at the top of the chest. Homer gives Menelaus's cast a precise bony target rather than describing an undifferentiated wound."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νύξε","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"νύξε","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κληῗδα","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"collarbone"},{"surface":"τυχήσας","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νύξε","gloss":"catching"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b5-l580","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δὲ Μύδωνα βάλʼ ἡνίοχον θεράποντα","translation":"Antilochus struck Mydon, the charioteer and attendant,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλ̓","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μύδωνα","lemma":"Μύδων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλ̓","gloss":"Mydon"},{"surface":"βάλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχον","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μύδωνα","gloss":"driver"},{"surface":"θεράποντα","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μύδωνα","gloss":"attendant"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b5-l581","source":"ἐσθλὸν Ἀτυμνιάδην· ὃ δʼ ὑπέστρεφε μώνυχας ἵππους·","translation":"the noble son of Atymnius, as he wheeled the single-hoofed horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτυμνιάδην","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ἀτυμνιάδην","lemma":"Ἀτυμνιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μύδωνα","gloss":"son of Atymnius"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπέστρεφε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέστρεφε","lemma":"ὑποστρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wheeled"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέστρεφε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b5-l582","source":"χερμαδίῳ ἀγκῶνα τυχὼν μέσον· ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρῶν","translation":"He caught the middle of his elbow with a stone, and from his hands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερμαδίῳ","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τυχὼν","gloss":"with a stone"},{"surface":"ἀγκῶνα","lemma":"ἀγκών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τυχὼν","gloss":"elbow"},{"surface":"τυχὼν","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγκῶνα","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b5-l583","source":"ἡνία λεύκʼ ἐλέφαντι χαμαὶ πέσον ἐν κονίῃσιν.","translation":"the reins gleaming white with ivory fell to the ground in the dust.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πέσον","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"λεύκ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἡνία","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ἐλέφαντι","lemma":"ἐλέφας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λεύκ̓","gloss":"ivory"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέσον","gloss":"on the ground"},{"surface":"πέσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσιν","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b5-l584","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπαΐξας ξίφει ἤλασε κόρσην·","translation":"Antilochus sprang upon him and drove his sword into his temple;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλασε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξας","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλασε","gloss":"rushing upon him"},{"surface":"ξίφει","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἤλασε","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἤλασε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"κόρσην","lemma":"κόρση","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤλασε","gloss":"temple"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b5-l585","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἀσθμαίνων εὐεργέος ἔκπεσε δίφρου","translation":"and gasping, he fell from the well-made chariot","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀσθμαίνων","lemma":"ἀσθμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκπεσε","gloss":"gasping"},{"surface":"εὐεργέος","lemma":"εὐεργής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρου","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"ἔκπεσε","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"from his chariot"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b5-l586","source":"κύμβαχος ἐν κονίῃσιν ἐπὶ βρεχμόν τε καὶ ὤμους.","translation":"headfirst in the dust, upon the crown of his head and his shoulders.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l586.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κύμβαχος ... ἐπὶ βρεχμόν τε καὶ ὤμους","title":"Headfirst from the chariot","body":"κύμβαχος means headfirst, and βρεχμός names the crown or front of the head. Mydon's fall leaves his head and shoulders driven into the ground while the rest of his body remains upright for a moment."}],"words":[{"surface":"κύμβαχος","lemma":"κύμβαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"headfirst"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσιν","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"βρεχμόν","lemma":"βρεχμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"crown of his head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμους","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b5-l587","source":"δηθὰ μάλʼ ἑστήκει· τύχε γάρ ῥʼ ἀμάθοιο βαθείης·","translation":"For a long while he stood there, since he had struck deep sand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"a long while"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"τύχε","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had struck"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμάθοιο","lemma":"ἄμαθος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τύχε","gloss":"sand"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμάθοιο","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b5-l588","source":"ὄφρʼ ἵππω πλήξαντε χαμαὶ βάλον ἐν κονίῃσι·","translation":"until the horses struck him and flung him down in the dust.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἵππω","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλον","gloss":"his horses"},{"surface":"πλήξαντε","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλον","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βάλον","gloss":"on the ground"},{"surface":"βάλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b5-l589","source":"τοὺς ἵμασʼ Ἀντίλοχος, μετὰ δὲ στρατὸν ἤλασʼ Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"Antilochus lashed them and drove them into the Achaean host.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵμασ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἵμασ","lemma":"ἱμάσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lashed"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵμασ̓","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἤλασ","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b5-l590","source":"τοὺς δʼ Ἕκτωρ ἐνόησε κατὰ στίχας, ὦρτο δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς","translation":"Hector saw them amid the ranks and rushed against them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b5-l591","source":"κεκλήγων· ἅμα δὲ Τρώων εἵποντο φάλαγγες","translation":"shouting aloud; and the strong battalions of Trojans followed with him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεκλήγων","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"shouting aloud"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵποντο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φάλαγγες","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"εἵποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"φάλαγγες","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἵποντο","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b5-l592","source":"καρτεραί· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρα σφιν Ἄρης καὶ πότνιʼ Ἐνυώ,","translation":"Ares and queenly Enyo led them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρτεραί","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φάλαγγες","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότνι","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐνυώ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἐνυώ","lemma":"Ἐνυώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Enyo"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b5-l593","source":"ἣ μὲν ἔχουσα Κυδοιμὸν ἀναιδέα δηϊοτῆτος,","translation":"she bearing shameless Battle-Din, the turmoil of war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἔχουσα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"Κυδοιμὸν","lemma":"κυδοιμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσα","gloss":"Battle-Din"},{"surface":"ἀναιδέα","lemma":"ἀναιδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κυδοιμὸν","gloss":"shameless"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτος","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Κυδοιμὸν","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b5-l594","source":"Ἄρης δʼ ἐν παλάμῃσι πελώριον ἔγχος ἐνώμα,","translation":"while Ares wielded a monstrous spear in his hands","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνώμα","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσι","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"πελώριον","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνώμα","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἐνώμα","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wielded"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b5-l595","source":"φοίτα δʼ ἄλλοτε μὲν πρόσθʼ Ἕκτορος, ἄλλοτʼ ὄπισθε.","translation":"and moved now before Hector, now behind him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φοίτα","lemma":"φοιτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φοίτα","gloss":"another time"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρόσθ̓","gloss":"of Hector"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτ","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"another time"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b5-l596","source":"τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ῥίγησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Seeing him, Diomedes, good at the war-cry, shuddered.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥίγησε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ῥίγησε","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shuddered"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ῥίγησε","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b5-l597","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ ἀπάλαμνος ἰὼν πολέος πεδίοιο","translation":"As when a helpless man, crossing a broad plain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀπάλαμνος","lemma":"ἀπάλαμνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"helpless"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στήῃ","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"πολέος","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίοιο","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἰὼν","gloss":"across the plain"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b5-l598","source":"στήῃ ἐπʼ ὠκυρόῳ ποταμῷ ἅλα δὲ προρέοντι","translation":"halts at a swift-running river rushing toward the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήῃ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"halts"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὠκυρόῳ","lemma":"ὠκύροος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμῷ","gloss":"swift-running"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"the river"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προρέοντι","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προρέοντι","lemma":"προρέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ποταμῷ","gloss":"rushing onward"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b5-l599","source":"ἀφρῷ μορμύροντα ἰδών, ἀνά τʼ ἔδραμʼ ὀπίσσω,","translation":"and seeing it roar with foam, runs backward again,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l599.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀφρῷ μορμύροντα","title":"Roaring with foam","body":"μορμύρω is an echoing verb for the deep, seething sound of water, while ἀφρός is its foam. The river simile makes Diomedes' retreat a measured response to an overwhelming current, not a rout."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφρῷ","lemma":"ἀφρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μορμύροντα","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"μορμύροντα","lemma":"μορμύρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"roaring"},{"surface":"ἰδών","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στήῃ","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἀνά","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδραμ","lemma":"τρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔδραμ̓","gloss":"backward again"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b5-l600","source":"ὣς τότε Τυδεΐδης ἀνεχάζετο, εἶπέ τε λαῷ·","translation":"so the son of Tydeus then drew back and said to his men:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ἀνεχάζετο","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"εἶπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαῷ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπέ","gloss":"host"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b5-l601","source":"ὦ φίλοι οἷον δὴ θαυμάζομεν Ἕκτορα δῖον","translation":"\"Friends, how we marvel at godlike Hector","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to θαυμάζομεν","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θαυμάζομεν","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we marvel"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b5-l602","source":"αἰχμητήν τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ θαρσαλέον πολεμιστήν·","translation":"for being a spearman and a courageous warrior!","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμητήν","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"spearman"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of θαυμάζομεν","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θαρσαλέον","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολεμιστήν","gloss":"courageous"},{"surface":"πολεμιστήν","lemma":"πολεμιστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"warrior"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b5-l603","source":"τῷ δʼ αἰεὶ πάρα εἷς γε θεῶν, ὃς λοιγὸν ἀμύνει·","translation":"Always some god stands beside him and wards off destruction;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πάρα","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάρα","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands beside"},{"surface":"εἷς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πάρα","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies εἷς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμύνει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνει","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀμύνει","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing εἷς","gloss":"wards off"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b5-l604","source":"καὶ νῦν οἱ πάρα κεῖνος Ἄρης βροτῷ ἀνδρὶ ἐοικώς.","translation":"and now that one beside him is Ares, in the likeness of a mortal man.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l604.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κεῖνος Ἄρης βροτῷ ἀνδρὶ ἐοικώς","title":"A god in mortal likeness","body":"κεῖνος points out Ares as the divine protector Diomedes has recognized, while ἐοικώς describes him as resembling a mortal man. Ares is not named as a disguised mortal here; his appearance alone is human."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάρα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πάρα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beside him"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πάρα","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"βροτῷ","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικώς","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐοικώς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάρα","gloss":"resembling"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b5-l605","source":"ἀλλὰ πρὸς Τρῶας τετραμμένοι αἰὲν ὀπίσσω","translation":"Keep facing the Trojans, but always give ground","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τετραμμένοι","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴκετε","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴκετε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of εἴκετε","gloss":"backward"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b5-l606","source":"εἴκετε, μηδὲ θεοῖς μενεαινέμεν ἶφι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"backward, and let us not be eager to fight the gods by force.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l606.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τετραμμένοι ... ὀπίσσω εἴκετε","title":"A controlled retreat","body":"The perfect participle τετραμμένοι tells the men to remain turned toward the Trojans even while the imperative εἴκετε orders them to yield backward. Diomedes preserves the battle line while refusing direct combat with Ares."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴκετε","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give way"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"μενεαινέμεν","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to be eager"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"with might"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μενεαινέμεν","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b5-l607","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, Τρῶες δὲ μάλα σχεδὸν ἤλυθον αὐτῶν.","translation":"So he spoke, and the Trojans came very near them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l607.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of σχεδὸν","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b5-l608","source":"ἔνθʼ Ἕκτωρ δύο φῶτε κατέκτανεν εἰδότε χάρμης","translation":"There Hector killed two men skilled in battle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέκτανεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέκτανεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies φῶτε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"φῶτε","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κατέκτανεν","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"εἰδότε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"modifies φῶτε","gloss":"versed"},{"surface":"χάρμης","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδότε","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b5-l609","source":"εἰν ἑνὶ δίφρῳ ἐόντε, Μενέσθην Ἀγχίαλόν τε.","translation":"both riding in a single chariot, Menesthes and Anchialus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἑνὶ","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρῳ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δίφρῳ","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἐόντε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"modifies φῶτε","gloss":"riding"},{"surface":"Μενέσθην","lemma":"Μενέσθης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Menesthes"},{"surface":"Ἀγχίαλόν","lemma":"Ἀγχίαλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Anchialus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b5-l610","source":"τὼ δὲ πεσόντʼ ἐλέησε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·","translation":"Great Telamonian Ajax pitied the two when they fell;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l610.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ ... πεσόντ'","title":"The fallen pair","body":"The dual pronoun τώ and dual participle πεσόντε keep Menesthes and Anchialus together as the two men killed from one chariot. Ajax's pity answers their paired death before the narrative turns to his counterattack."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλέησε","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσόντ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"ἐλέησε","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλέησε","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b5-l611","source":"στῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ἰών, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ,","translation":"he came and stood very near, then cast his shining spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰών","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"his spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b5-l612","source":"καὶ βάλεν Ἄμφιον Σελάγου υἱόν, ὅς ῥʼ ἐνὶ Παισῷ","translation":"and struck Amphius, son of Selagus, who lived in Paesus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Ἄμφιον","lemma":"Ἄμφιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"Amphius"},{"surface":"Σελάγου","lemma":"Σέλαγος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"Selagus"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄμφιον","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναῖε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Παισῷ","lemma":"Παισός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Paesus"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b5-l613","source":"ναῖε πολυκτήμων πολυλήϊος· ἀλλά ἑ μοῖρα","translation":"rich in possessions and rich in grain; but fate","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l613.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολυκτήμων πολυλήϊος","title":"Wealth in goods and grain","body":"The paired compounds distinguish Amphius' broad possessions, πολυκτήμων, from his abundance of crops, πολυλήϊος. Homer names both kinds of wealth just before fate draws him away from them."}],"words":[{"surface":"ναῖε","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἄμφιον","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"πολυκτήμων","lemma":"πολυκτήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"rich in possessions"},{"surface":"πολυλήϊος","lemma":"πολυλήιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"rich in grain"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦγ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦγ̓","gloss":"fate"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b5-l614","source":"ἦγʼ ἐπικουρήσοντα μετὰ Πρίαμόν τε καὶ υἷας.","translation":"had led him to aid Priam and his sons.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦγ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ἐπικουρήσοντα","lemma":"ἐπικουρέω","morphology":"future active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to aid"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Πρίαμόν","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sons"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b5-l615","source":"τόν ῥα κατὰ ζωστῆρα βάλεν Τελαμώνιος Αἴας,","translation":"Telamonian Ajax struck him across the belt,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"ζωστῆρα","lemma":"ζωστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλεν","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b5-l616","source":"νειαίρῃ δʼ ἐν γαστρὶ πάγη δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,","translation":"and the long-shadowed spear lodged in the lower belly.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l616.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νειαίρῃ ... γαστρὶ","title":"The lower belly","body":"νειαίρη specifies the lowest part of the γαστήρ, below the belt where Ajax's spear strikes. The wound is located precisely rather than generalized to the torso."}],"words":[{"surface":"νειαίρῃ","lemma":"νείαιρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστρὶ","gloss":"lower"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαστρὶ","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"πάγη","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lodged"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πάγη","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b5-l617","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δʼ ἐπέδραμε φαίδιμος Αἴας","translation":"He fell with a thud; and glorious Ajax ran upon him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l617.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέδραμε","lemma":"ἐπιτρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran upon"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέδραμε","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b5-l618","source":"τεύχεα συλήσων· Τρῶες δʼ ἐπὶ δούρατʼ ἔχευαν","translation":"to strip his armor, but the Trojans poured sharp spears upon him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l618.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of συλήσων","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"συλήσων","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέδραμε","gloss":"to strip"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχευαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δούρατ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχευαν","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἔχευαν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b5-l619","source":"ὀξέα παμφανόωντα· σάκος δʼ ἀνεδέξατο πολλά.","translation":"all flashing bright, and his shield caught many.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l619.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξέα","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δούρατ̓","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"παμφανόωντα","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies δούρατ̓","gloss":"all-shining"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀνεδέξατο","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνεδέξατο","lemma":"ἀναδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀνεδέξατο","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b5-l620","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ λὰξ προσβὰς ἐκ νεκροῦ χάλκεον ἔγχος","translation":"But he planted his heel upon the corpse and pulled out the bronze spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσπάσατ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"λὰξ","lemma":"λάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσβὰς","gloss":"with his heel"},{"surface":"προσβὰς","lemma":"προσβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐσπάσατ̓","gloss":"planting"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νεκροῦ","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐσπάσατ̓","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b5-l621","source":"ἐσπάσατʼ· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ ἄλλα δυνήσατο τεύχεα καλὰ","translation":"yet he could not strip the rest of the splendid armor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσπάσατ","lemma":"σπάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pulled out"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δυνήσατο","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"δυνήσατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφελέσθαι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b5-l622","source":"ὤμοιιν ἀφελέσθαι· ἐπείγετο γὰρ βελέεσσι.","translation":"from the shoulders, for he was pressed hard by missiles.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμοιιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφελέσθαι","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"ἀφελέσθαι","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσατο","gloss":"to strip"},{"surface":"ἐπείγετο","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was pressed hard"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βελέεσσι","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπείγετο","gloss":"missiles"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b5-l623","source":"δεῖσε δʼ ὅ γʼ ἀμφίβασιν κρατερὴν Τρώων ἀγερώχων,","translation":"He feared the strong encirclement of the proud Trojans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l623.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμφίβασιν κρατερὴν","title":"An encirclement","body":"ἀμφίβασις is a closing movement around someone from multiple sides. Ajax has recovered his spear, but the Trojans' strong ring prevents him from remaining over the body to take the armor."}],"words":[{"surface":"δεῖσε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was afraid"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δεῖσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀμφίβασιν","lemma":"ἀμφιβασις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δεῖσε","gloss":"encirclement"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφίβασιν","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀμφίβασιν","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγερώχων","lemma":"ἀγέρωχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b5-l624","source":"οἳ πολλοί τε καὶ ἐσθλοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἔγχεʼ ἔχοντες,","translation":"who stood about him, many and noble, holding spears,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφέστασαν","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"πολλοί","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὶ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"ἐφέστασαν","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"stood nearby"},{"surface":"ἔγχε","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφέστασαν","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b5-l625","source":"οἵ ἑ μέγαν περ ἐόντα καὶ ἴφθιμον καὶ ἀγαυὸν","translation":"who, great and strong and noble though he was,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l625.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὦσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὦσαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἑ","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴφθιμον","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγαυὸν","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b5-l626","source":"ὦσαν ἀπὸ σφείων· ὃ δὲ χασσάμενος πελεμίχθη.","translation":"drove him back from among themselves; and he gave way, shaken.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦσαν","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"drove back"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"σφείων","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πελεμίχθη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χασσάμενος","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πελεμίχθη","gloss":"giving way"},{"surface":"πελεμίχθη","lemma":"πελεμίζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shaken"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b5-l627","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν πονέοντο κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην·","translation":"So they toiled throughout the mighty combat.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l627.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὣς οἳ μὲν πονέοντο κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην","title":"The combat refrain","body":"This Greek line exactly repeats Iliad 5.84, so the accepted English returns without alteration. The repeated line closes one run of individual fighting before fate brings Tlepolemus and Sarpedon together."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πονέοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πονέοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"πονέοντο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"toiled"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνην","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b5-l628","source":"Τληπόλεμον δʼ Ἡρακλεΐδην ἠΰν τε μέγαν τε","translation":"But Tlepolemus, the son of Heracles, noble and great,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l628.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τληπόλεμον","lemma":"Τληπόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"Tlepolemus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἡρακλεΐδην","lemma":"Ἡρακλέης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τληπόλεμον","gloss":"son of Heracles"},{"surface":"ἠΰν","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b5-l629","source":"ὦρσεν ἐπʼ ἀντιθέῳ Σαρπηδόνι μοῖρα κραταιή.","translation":"was driven by mighty fate against godlike Sarpedon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l629.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρσεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέῳ","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σαρπηδόνι","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνι","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦρσεν","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"κραταιή","lemma":"κραταιός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρα","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b5-l630","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες","translation":"Now when they had come near, advancing on one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l630.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπε","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"advancing"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b5-l631","source":"υἱός θʼ υἱωνός τε Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο,","translation":"the son and the grandson of Zeus the cloud-gatherer,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱωνός","lemma":"υἱωνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"grandson"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέταο","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b5-l632","source":"τὸν καὶ Τληπόλεμος πρότερος πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·","translation":"Tlepolemus was the first to address the other:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τληπόλεμος","lemma":"Τληπόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"Tlepolemus"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"address"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b5-l633","source":"Σαρπῆδον Λυκίων βουληφόρε, τίς τοι ἀνάγκη","translation":"\"Sarpedon, counselor of the Lycians, what compels you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σαρπῆδον","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βουληφόρε","gloss":"of the Lycians"},{"surface":"βουληφόρε","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σαρπῆδον","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνάγκη","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκη","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"necessity"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b5-l634","source":"πτώσσειν ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντι μάχης ἀδαήμονι φωτί;","translation":"to cower here, a man unversed in battle?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l634.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πτώσσειν ... μάχης ἀδαήμονι φωτί","title":"A taunt of inexperience","body":"πτώσσω means to crouch or cower, and ἀδαήμων calls someone unskilled or unversed. Tlepolemus frames Sarpedon as a frightened novice, a taunt the coming spear-cast immediately disproves."}],"words":[{"surface":"πτώσσειν","lemma":"πτώσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ἀνάγκη","gloss":"to cower"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πτώσσειν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐόντι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies τοι","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀδαήμονι","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἀδαήμονι","lemma":"ἀδαήμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φωτί","gloss":"unversed"},{"surface":"φωτί","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b5-l635","source":"ψευδόμενοι δέ σέ φασι Διὸς γόνον αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"Men speak falsely when they say you are the offspring of aegis-bearing Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l635.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψευδόμενοι","lemma":"ψεύδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φασι","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φασι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γόνον","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"γόνον","lemma":"γόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b5-l636","source":"εἶναι, ἐπεὶ πολλὸν κείνων ἐπιδεύεαι ἀνδρῶν","translation":"since you fall far short of those men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασι","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπιδεύεαι","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"κείνων","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"ἐπιδεύεαι","lemma":"ἐπιδέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"fall short"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιδεύεαι","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b5-l637","source":"οἳ Διὸς ἐξεγένοντο ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνθρώπων·","translation":"who were born from Zeus among the generations of old.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξεγένοντο","gloss":"they who"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξεγένοντο","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐξεγένοντο","lemma":"ἐκγίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"born"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"προτέρων","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b5-l638","source":"ἀλλʼ οἷόν τινά φασι βίην Ἡρακληείην","translation":"But such, they say, was the might of Heracles,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l638.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βίην Ἡρακληείην","title":"The might of Heracles","body":"Homer uses the periphrasis βίη Ἡρακληείη, literally the might or strength of Heracles, as a way of naming the hero through his defining force. The English preserves that construction rather than reducing it to a bare name."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἷόν","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τινά","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"φασι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"βίην","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"Ἡρακληείην","lemma":"Ἡράκλειος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίην","gloss":"of Heracles"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b5-l639","source":"εἶναι, ἐμὸν πατέρα θρασυμέμνονα θυμολέοντα·","translation":"my father, bold-hearted and lion-hearted,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασι","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρα","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πατέρα","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"θρασυμέμνονα","lemma":"θρασυμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρα","gloss":"bold-hearted"},{"surface":"θυμολέοντα","lemma":"θυμαλέων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρα","gloss":"lion-hearted"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b5-l640","source":"ὅς ποτε δεῦρʼ ἐλθὼν ἕνεχʼ ἵππων Λαομέδοντος","translation":"who once came here for the horses of Laomedon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐλθὼν","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθὼν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"ἕνεχ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεχ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"Λαομέδοντος","lemma":"Λαομέδων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"Laomedon"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b5-l641","source":"ἓξ οἴῃς σὺν νηυσὶ καὶ ἀνδράσι παυροτέροισιν","translation":"with only six ships and fewer men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἓξ","lemma":"ἕξ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"οἴῃς","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"παυροτέροισιν","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"fewer"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b5-l642","source":"Ἰλίου ἐξαλάπαξε πόλιν, χήρωσε δʼ ἀγυιάς·","translation":"and sacked the city of Ilion and emptied its streets.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἐξαλάπαξε","lemma":"ἐξαλαπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"sacked"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξαλάπαξε","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"χήρωσε","lemma":"χηρόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"emptied"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγυιάς","lemma":"ἀγυιά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of χήρωσε","gloss":"streets"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b5-l643","source":"σοὶ δὲ κακὸς μὲν θυμός, ἀποφθινύθουσι δὲ λαοί.","translation":"But your spirit is base, and your people are dying away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀποφθινύθουσι","lemma":"ἀποφθινύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are dying away"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαοί","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποφθινύθουσι","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b5-l644","source":"οὐδέ τί σε Τρώεσσιν ὀΐομαι ἄλκαρ ἔσεσθαι","translation":"Nor do I think you will prove any defense for the Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσεσθαι","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσεσθαι","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"ἄλκαρ","lemma":"ἄλκαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"defense"},{"surface":"ἔσεσθαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b5-l645","source":"ἐλθόντʼ ἐκ Λυκίης, οὐδʼ εἰ μάλα καρτερός ἐσσι,","translation":"by coming from Lycia, not even if you are very strong,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l645.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσεσθαι","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Λυκίης","lemma":"Λυκία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"καρτερός","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you are"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b5-l646","source":"ἀλλʼ ὑπʼ ἐμοὶ δμηθέντα πύλας Ἀΐδαο περήσειν.","translation":"but, overcome beneath my hand, you will pass through the gates of Hades.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l646.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δμηθέντα","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to περήσειν","gloss":"brought down"},{"surface":"πύλας","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of περήσειν","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πύλας","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"περήσειν","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"will pass through"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b5-l647","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Σαρπηδὼν Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Sarpedon, leader of the Lycians, answered him face-to-face:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l647.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδὼν","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"of the Lycians"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σαρπηδὼν","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b5-l648","source":"Τληπόλεμʼ ἤτοι κεῖνος ἀπώλεσεν Ἴλιον ἱρὴν","translation":"\"Tlepolemus, that man indeed destroyed sacred Ilion","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τληπόλεμ","lemma":"Τληπόλεμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Tlepolemus"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀπώλεσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἀπώλεσεν","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπώλεσεν","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρὴν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b5-l649","source":"ἀνέρος ἀφραδίῃσιν ἀγαυοῦ Λαομέδοντος,","translation":"through the folly of the noble man Laomedon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l649.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαομέδοντος","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἀφραδίῃσιν","lemma":"ἀφραδία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπώλεσεν","gloss":"folly"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρος","gloss":"of glorious"},{"surface":"Λαομέδοντος","lemma":"Λαομέδων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀφραδίῃσιν","gloss":"Laomedon"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b5-l650","source":"ὅς ῥά μιν εὖ ἕρξαντα κακῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ,","translation":"who rebuked him with an evil word after he had served him well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l650.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅς ῥά μιν εὖ ἕρξαντα ... ἠνίπαπε","title":"Service answered with abuse","body":"The accusative participle ἕρξαντα describes Heracles as the object of Laomedon's rebuke: Laomedon abused the man who had treated or served him well. Sarpedon shifts blame for Troy's fall from its attackers to its faithless king."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕρξαντα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἕρξαντα","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μιν","gloss":"had served"},{"surface":"κακῷ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθῳ","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἠνίπαπε","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"with a word"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b5-l651","source":"οὐδʼ ἀπέδωχʼ ἵππους, ὧν εἵνεκα τηλόθεν ἦλθε.","translation":"and did not give him the horses for which he had come from afar.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀπέδωχ","lemma":"ἀποδίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπέδωχ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ὧν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵππους","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b5-l652","source":"σοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ ἐνθάδε φημὶ φόνον καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν","translation":"But for you I declare that slaughter and black doom","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τεύξεσθαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φημὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεύξεσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"φημὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b5-l653","source":"ἐξ ἐμέθεν τεύξεσθαι, ἐμῷ δʼ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντα","translation":"will be wrought here by me; subdued beneath my spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τεύξεσθαι","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"will be wrought"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δαμέντα","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"brought down"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b5-l654","source":"εὖχος ἐμοὶ δώσειν, ψυχὴν δʼ Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ.","translation":"you will give glory to me, and your life to Hades of the famous horses.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l654.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ","title":"Hades of the famous horses","body":"κλυτοπώλος is a rare epithet built from κλυτός, famous, and πῶλος, horse or foal. It marks Hades as famed for his horses and remains distinct from the god's name alone."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώσειν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσειν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"δώσειν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"you will give"},{"surface":"ψυχὴν","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"your life"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδι","lemma":"Ἄιδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"κλυτοπώλῳ","lemma":"κλυτόπωλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄϊδι","gloss":"of famous horses"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b5-l655","source":"ὣς φάτο Σαρπηδών, ὃ δʼ ἀνέσχετο μείλινον ἔγχος","translation":"So Sarpedon spoke, and Tlepolemus raised his ash spear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l655.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδών","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φάτο","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Τληπόλεμος","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέσχετο","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"μείλινον","lemma":"μέλινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"ashwood"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέσχετο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b5-l656","source":"Τληπόλεμος· καὶ τῶν μὲν ἁμαρτῇ δούρατα μακρὰ","translation":"and their long spears darted from their hands at the same instant.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l656.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τῶν ... ἁμαρτῇ δούρατα μακρὰ","title":"Both casts at once","body":"The genitive plural τῶν belongs to both warriors, and ἁμαρτῇ means together or at one instant. Neither man throws in response to the other: the two spear outcomes begin simultaneously."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τληπόλεμος","lemma":"Τληπόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέσχετο","gloss":"Tlepolemus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δούρατα","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἁμαρτῇ","lemma":"ἁμαρτῆ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊξαν","gloss":"at the same instant"},{"surface":"δούρατα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἤϊξαν","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δούρατα","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b5-l657","source":"ἐκ χειρῶν ἤϊξαν· ὃ μὲν βάλεν αὐχένα μέσσον","translation":"Sarpedon struck the middle of his neck,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l657.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἤϊξαν","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"darted"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Σαρπηδών","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"the neck"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αὐχένα","gloss":"middle"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b5-l658","source":"Σαρπηδών, αἰχμὴ δὲ διαμπερὲς ἦλθʼ ἀλεγεινή·","translation":"and the grievous point went clean through;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σαρπηδών","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλεν","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθ̓","gloss":"spearpoint"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθ̓","gloss":"clean through"},{"surface":"ἦλθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινή","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b5-l659","source":"τὸν δὲ κατʼ ὀφθαλμῶν ἐρεβεννὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψε.","translation":"and murky night covered his eyes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l659.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῶν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ἐρεβεννὴ","lemma":"ἐρεβεννός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"murky"},{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b5-l660","source":"Τληπόλεμος δʼ ἄρα μηρὸν ἀριστερὸν ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ","translation":"But Tlepolemus had struck Sarpedon's left thigh with his long spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l660.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τληπόλεμος","lemma":"Τληπόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βεβλήκειν","gloss":"Tlepolemus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μηρὸν","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βεβλήκειν","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὸν","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μηρὸν","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βεβλήκειν","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"μακρῷ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b5-l661","source":"βεβλήκειν, αἰχμὴ δὲ διέσσυτο μαιμώωσα","translation":"and the point rushed through in fury","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βεβλήκειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had struck"},{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of διέσσυτο","gloss":"spearpoint"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διέσσυτο","lemma":"διασεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went through"},{"surface":"μαιμώωσα","lemma":"μαιμάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to διέσσυτο","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b5-l662","source":"ὀστέω ἐγχριμφθεῖσα, πατὴρ δʼ ἔτι λοιγὸν ἄμυνεν.","translation":"and grazed the bone, but his father still warded off destruction.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l662.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πατὴρ δ' ἔτι λοιγὸν ἄμυνεν","title":"The father who saves him","body":"The subject πατήρ is Zeus, Sarpedon's father as established at line 631. Zeus averts his son's death, though he does not prevent Tlepolemus' spear from piercing the thigh and reaching the bone."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀστέω","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐγχριμφθεῖσα","gloss":"bone"},{"surface":"ἐγχριμφθεῖσα","lemma":"ἐγχρίμπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to διέσσυτο","gloss":"grazing"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄμυνεν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄμυνεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄμυνεν","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἄμυνεν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warded off"}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b5-l663","source":"οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἀντίθεον Σαρπηδόνα δῖοι ἑταῖροι","translation":"Then, as for godlike Sarpedon, his godlike companions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σαρπηδόνα","gloss":"peer of gods"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνα","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέφερον","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"δῖοι","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέφερον","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b5-l664","source":"ἐξέφερον πολέμοιο· βάρυνε δέ μιν δόρυ μακρὸν","translation":"carried him out of the battle; the long spear weighed upon him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέφερον","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried out"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέφερον","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"βάρυνε","lemma":"βαρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weighed upon"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάρυνε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of βάρυνε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b5-l665","source":"ἑλκόμενον· τὸ μὲν οὔ τις ἐπεφράσατʼ οὐδὲ νόησε","translation":"as it dragged, but no one gave thought or noticed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑλκόμενον","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to βάρυνε","gloss":"dragging"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπεφράσατ̓","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπεφράσατ̓","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐπεφράσατ","lemma":"ἐπιφράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave thought"},{"surface":"νόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"noticed"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b5-l666","source":"μηροῦ ἐξερύσαι δόρυ μείλινον ὄφρʼ ἐπιβαίη","translation":"to pull the ash spear from his thigh so he could step forward,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l666.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὄφρ' ἐπιβαίη","title":"So he could set foot forward","body":"The optative ἐπιβαίη stands in a purpose clause after the past-tense narrative: removing the spear would let Sarpedon plant his foot and move. The companions' haste delays that necessary extraction until Pelagon acts at line 694."}],"words":[{"surface":"μηροῦ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξερύσαι","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"ἐξερύσαι","lemma":"ἐξερύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of νόησε","gloss":"to pull out"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξερύσαι","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μείλινον","lemma":"μέλινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐπιβαίη","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"he could step"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b5-l667","source":"σπευδόντων· τοῖον γὰρ ἔχον πόνον ἀμφιέποντες.","translation":"as they hurried; such was the labor that occupied them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l667.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπευδόντων","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"as they hurried"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"ἀμφιέποντες","lemma":"ἀμφιέπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"attending him"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b5-l668","source":"Τληπόλεμον δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"From the other side the well-greaved Achaeans carried Tlepolemus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l668.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τληπόλεμον","lemma":"Τληπόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέφερον","gloss":"Tlepolemus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξέφερον","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέφερον","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b5-l669","source":"ἐξέφερον πολέμοιο· νόησε δὲ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"out of the battle; and godlike Odysseus saw it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέφερον","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried out"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέφερον","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"νόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νόησε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b5-l670","source":"τλήμονα θυμὸν ἔχων, μαίμησε δέ οἱ φίλον ἦτορ·","translation":"his spirit enduring, and his dear heart surged within him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l670.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τλήμονα θυμὸν ἔχων","title":"Odysseus' enduring spirit","body":"τλήμων describes a spirit capable of bearing hardship and standing firm. It belongs to the same endurance-language as Odysseus' established epithet \"much-enduring,\" here sharpened into immediate battle fury."}],"words":[{"surface":"τλήμονα","lemma":"τλήμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"enduring"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νόησε","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"μαίμησε","lemma":"μαιμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surged"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of μαίμησε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b5-l671","source":"μερμήριξε δʼ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν","translation":"Then he debated in his mind and spirit","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l671.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μερμήριξε ... ἢ ... ἦ","title":"Odysseus weighs two courses","body":"The verb μερμηρίζω introduces an internal debate, with ἤ ... ἦ setting out two alternatives. Odysseus considers pursuing Sarpedon or turning upon the mass of Lycians; the next divine intervention prevents the first course."}],"words":[{"surface":"μερμήριξε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"debated"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μερμήριξε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b5-l672","source":"ἢ προτέρω Διὸς υἱὸν ἐριγδούποιο διώκοι,","translation":"whether to pursue the son of loud-thundering Zeus farther","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l672.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of διώκοι","gloss":"further forward"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διώκοι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐριγδούποιο","lemma":"ἐρίγδουπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"loud-thundering"},{"surface":"διώκοι","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"he might pursue"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b5-l673","source":"ἦ ὅ γε τῶν πλεόνων Λυκίων ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο.","translation":"or to take the lives of the greater number of Lycians.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l673.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies Λυκίων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πλεόνων","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies Λυκίων","gloss":"greater number"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"of the Lycians"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἕλοιτο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"to take"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b5-l674","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ὀδυσσῆϊ μεγαλήτορι μόρσιμον ἦεν","translation":"But it was not fated for great-hearted Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"for Odysseus"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορι","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆϊ","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"μόρσιμον","lemma":"μόρσιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fated"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b5-l675","source":"ἴφθιμον Διὸς υἱὸν ἀποκτάμεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ·","translation":"to kill the strong son of Zeus with sharp bronze;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴφθιμον","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποκτάμεν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀποκτάμεν","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀποκτάμεν","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b5-l676","source":"τώ ῥα κατὰ πληθὺν Λυκίων τράπε θυμὸν Ἀθήνη.","translation":"therefore Athena turned his heart against the Lycian throng.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l676.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τώ ῥα ... τράπε θυμὸν Ἀθήνη","title":"Athena turns the choice","body":"Athena is the subject of τράπε and Odysseus' θυμός is its object. Fate rules out Sarpedon's death, and the goddess redirects Odysseus' battle impulse toward the Lycian rank and file."}],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"πληθὺν","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πληθὺν","gloss":"of the Lycians"},{"surface":"τράπε","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τράπε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τράπε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b5-l677","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ γε Κοίρανον εἷλεν Ἀλάστορά τε Χρομίον τε","translation":"There he slew Koiranus, Alastor, Chromius,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἷλεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἷλεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Κοίρανον","lemma":"Κοίρανος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Koiranus"},{"surface":"εἷλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"Ἀλάστορά","lemma":"Ἀλάστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Alastor"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Χρομίον","lemma":"Χρομίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Chromius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b5-l678","source":"Ἄλκανδρόν θʼ Ἅλιόν τε Νοήμονά τε Πρύτανίν τε.","translation":"Alcandrus, Halius, Noemon, and Prytanis.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄλκανδρόν","lemma":"Ἄλκανδρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Alcandrus"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἅλιόν","lemma":"Ἅλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Halius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νοήμονά","lemma":"Νοήμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Noemon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρύτανίν","lemma":"Πρύτανις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Prytanis"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b5-l679","source":"καί νύ κʼ ἔτι πλέονας Λυκίων κτάνε δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"And godlike Odysseus would have killed still more Lycians","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l679.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"πλέονας","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"object of κτάνε","gloss":"more men"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πλέονας","gloss":"of the Lycians"},{"surface":"κτάνε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have killed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κτάνε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b5-l680","source":"εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"had not great Hector of the flashing helm swiftly seen him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l680.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ","title":"Great Hector of the flashing helm","body":"μέγας adds \"great\" separately to the fixed epithet κορυθαίολος, \"of the flashing helm.\" Both force and standing title are present in the Greek and retained in the English."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to νόησε","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"νόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had seen"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νόησε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b5-l681","source":"βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ","translation":"and he strode out through the front ranks, helmed in gleaming bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l681.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strode"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"κεκορυθμένος","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"helmed"},{"surface":"αἴθοπι","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκορυθμένος","gloss":"in bronze"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b5-l682","source":"δεῖμα φέρων Δαναοῖσι· χάρη δʼ ἄρα οἱ προσιόντι","translation":"bringing terror to the Danaans; and at his approach","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῖμα","lemma":"δεῖμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"terror"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"χάρη","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χάρη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"προσιόντι","lemma":"πρόσειμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"approaching"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b5-l683","source":"Σαρπηδὼν Διὸς υἱός, ἔπος δʼ ὀλοφυδνὸν ἔειπε·","translation":"Sarpedon, son of Zeus, rejoiced and spoke a piteous word:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σαρπηδὼν","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χάρη","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σαρπηδὼν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυδνὸν","lemma":"ὀλοφυδνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"piteous"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b5-l684","source":"Πριαμίδη, μὴ δή με ἕλωρ Δαναοῖσιν ἐάσῃς","translation":"\"Son of Priam, do not leave me to lie here as spoil for the Danaans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l684.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἕλωρ Δαναοῖσιν","title":"Spoil for the Danaans","body":"ἕλωρ is prey or spoil left for an enemy to seize and abuse. Sarpedon asks Hector not merely to keep him alive but to prevent his wounded body from falling into Achaean hands."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πριαμίδη","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἕλωρ","lemma":"ἕλωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"spoil"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕλωρ","gloss":"for the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἐάσῃς","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b5-l685","source":"κεῖσθαι, ἀλλʼ ἐπάμυνον· ἔπειτά με καὶ λίποι αἰὼν","translation":"but defend me; then afterward let life leave me","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l685.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσθαι","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσῃς","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπάμυνον","lemma":"ἐπαμύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"ἔπειτά","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίποι","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίποι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίποι","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"λίποι","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"αἰὼν","lemma":"αἰών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λίποι","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b5-l686","source":"ἐν πόλει ὑμετέρῃ, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἔγωγε","translation":"in your city, since I was not destined","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l686.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πόλει","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ὑμετέρῃ","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλει","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"destined"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμελλον","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b5-l687","source":"νοστήσας οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν","translation":"to return home to my dear native land","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοστήσας","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὐφρανέειν","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νοστήσας","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b5-l688","source":"εὐφρανέειν ἄλοχόν τε φίλην καὶ νήπιον υἱόν.","translation":"and gladden my dear wife and infant son.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐφρανέειν","lemma":"εὐφραίνω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"gladden"},{"surface":"ἄλοχόν","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήπιον","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"infant"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b5-l689","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ,","translation":"So he spoke, but Hector of the flashing helm gave him no answer,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b5-l690","source":"ἀλλὰ παρήϊξεν λελιημένος ὄφρα τάχιστα","translation":"and rushed past, eager with all speed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l690.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"παρήϊξεν","lemma":"παραίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed past"},{"surface":"λελιημένος","lemma":"λελίημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρήϊξεν","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὤσαιτ̓","gloss":"as quickly as possible"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b5-l691","source":"ὤσαιτʼ Ἀργείους, πολέων δʼ ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο.","translation":"to drive back the Argives and take the lives of many.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤσαιτ","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"he might drive back"},{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὤσαιτ̓","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"πολέων","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"of many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἕλοιτο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"could take"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b5-l692","source":"οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἀντίθεον Σαρπηδόνα δῖοι ἑταῖροι","translation":"Then, as for godlike Sarpedon, his godlike companions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σαρπηδόνα","gloss":"peer of gods"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνα","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἷσαν","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"δῖοι","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἷσαν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b5-l693","source":"εἷσαν ὑπʼ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς περικαλλέϊ φηγῷ·","translation":"set him beneath the beautiful oak of aegis-bearing Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l693.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷσαν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φηγῷ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"περικαλλέϊ","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φηγῷ","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"φηγῷ","lemma":"φηγός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"oak tree"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b5-l694","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἄρα οἱ μηροῦ δόρυ μείλινον ὦσε θύραζε","translation":"Then mighty Pelagon thrust the ash spear out of his thigh,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μηροῦ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μηροῦ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μείλινον","lemma":"μέλινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"out"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b5-l695","source":"ἴφθιμος Πελάγων, ὅς οἱ φίλος ἦεν ἑταῖρος.","translation":"his dear companion and friend.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l695.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴφθιμος","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πελάγων","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Πελάγων","lemma":"Πελάγων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦσε","gloss":"Pelagon"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πελάγων","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"comrade"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b5-l696","source":"τὸν δʼ ἔλιπε ψυχή, κατὰ δʼ ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτʼ ἀχλύς·","translation":"His life-breath left him, and mist poured over his eyes;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l696.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τὸν δ' ἔλιπε ψυχή","title":"Life-breath in a swoon","body":"ψυχή is the departing life-breath, but here its departure is temporary: the next two lines explicitly restore Sarpedon's breathing. Homer uses death-language to mark the depth of the faint without making the wound fatal."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλιπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλιπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ψυχή","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔλιπε","gloss":"life-breath"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῶν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"κέχυτ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"ἀχλύς","lemma":"ἀχλύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κέχυτ̓","gloss":"a mist"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b5-l697","source":"αὖτις δʼ ἐμπνύνθη, περὶ δὲ πνοιὴ Βορέαο","translation":"but he breathed again, and the breath of Boreas around him","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμπνύνθη","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμπνύνθη","lemma":"ἐμπνέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"breathed again"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζώγρει","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πνοιὴ","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ζώγρει","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"Βορέαο","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πνοιὴ","gloss":"Boreas"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b5-l698","source":"ζώγρει ἐπιπνείουσα κακῶς κεκαφηότα θυμόν.","translation":"kept his sorely gasping spirit alive as it blew upon him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζώγρει","lemma":"ζωγρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept alive"},{"surface":"ἐπιπνείουσα","lemma":"ἐπιπνέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ζώγρει","gloss":"blowing upon"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεκαφηότα","gloss":"sorely"},{"surface":"κεκαφηότα","lemma":"κεκαφηώς","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of ζώγρει","gloss":"gasping"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκαφηότα","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b5-l699","source":"Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ὑπʼ Ἄρηϊ καὶ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ","translation":"But the Argives, before Ares and bronze-helmed Hector,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l699.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"χαλκοκορυστῇ","lemma":"χαλκοκορυστής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"bronze-helmed"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b5-l700","source":"οὔτε ποτὲ προτρέποντο μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν","translation":"were never turned in rout toward the black ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποτὲ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to προτρέποντο","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"προτρέποντο","lemma":"προτρέπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were turned"},{"surface":"μελαινάων","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b5-l701","source":"οὔτε ποτʼ ἀντεφέροντο μάχῃ, ἀλλʼ αἰὲν ὀπίσσω","translation":"nor ever stood against them in battle, but always backward","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l701.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἀντεφέροντο","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀντεφέροντο","lemma":"ἀντιφέρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood against"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀντεφέροντο","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χάζονθ̓","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of χάζονθ̓","gloss":"backward"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b5-l702","source":"χάζονθʼ, ὡς ἐπύθοντο μετὰ Τρώεσσιν Ἄρηα.","translation":"they gave ground, once they learned that Ares was among the Trojans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l702.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"χάζονθ'","title":"Giving ground without turning","body":"The imperfect χάζοντο describes the Argives repeatedly withdrawing. The paired negatives distinguish this from both turning in rout toward the ships and standing firm in battle: once they learn that Ares is among the Trojans, they keep giving ground."}],"words":[{"surface":"χάζονθ","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave ground"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπύθοντο","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐπύθοντο","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to χάζονθ̓","gloss":"they learned"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b5-l703","source":"ἔνθα τίνα πρῶτον τίνα δʼ ὕστατον ἐξενάριξαν","translation":"Then whom first and whom last did they strip of armor—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τίνα","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"τίνα","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξαν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕστατον","lemma":"ὕστατος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐξενάριξαν","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξαν","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped of armor"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b5-l704","source":"Ἕκτωρ τε Πριάμοιο πάϊς καὶ χάλκεος Ἄρης;","translation":"Hector, son of Priam, and brazen Ares?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάλκεος","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b5-l705","source":"ἀντίθεον Τεύθραντʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ πλήξιππον Ὀρέστην,","translation":"Godlike Teuthras, and after him Orestes, driver of horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τεύθραντ̓","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Τεύθραντ","lemma":"Τεύθρας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Teuthras"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλήξιππον","lemma":"πλήξιππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀρέστην","gloss":"driver of horses"},{"surface":"Ὀρέστην","lemma":"Ὀρέστης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Orestes"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b5-l706","source":"Τρῆχόν τʼ αἰχμητὴν Αἰτώλιον Οἰνόμαόν τε,","translation":"Trechus, the Aetolian spearman, and Oenomaus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῆχόν","lemma":"Τρῆχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trechus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰχμητὴν","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τρῆχόν","gloss":"spearman"},{"surface":"Αἰτώλιον","lemma":"Αἰτώλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰχμητὴν","gloss":"Aetolian"},{"surface":"Οἰνόμαόν","lemma":"Οἰνόμαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Oenomaus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b5-l707","source":"Οἰνοπίδην θʼ Ἕλενον καὶ Ὀρέσβιον αἰολομίτρην,","translation":"Helenus, son of Oenops, and Oresbius of the flashing taslet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l707.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰολομίτρην","title":"The flashing taslet","body":"The compound joins αἰόλος, \"flashing,\" to μίτρη, the inner guard protecting the lower belly. The established armor term \"taslet\" keeps this piece distinct from the outer belt and the corselet."}],"words":[{"surface":"Οἰνοπίδην","lemma":"Οἰνοπίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕλενον","gloss":"son of Oenops"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕλενον","lemma":"Ἕλενος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Helenus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀρέσβιον","lemma":"Ὀρέσβιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Oresbius"},{"surface":"αἰολομίτρην","lemma":"αἰολομίτρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀρέσβιον","gloss":"flashing-tasleted"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b5-l708","source":"ὅς ῥʼ ἐν Ὕλῃ ναίεσκε μέγα πλούτοιο μεμηλώς,","translation":"who lived in Hyle, greatly concerned with wealth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l708.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναίεσκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ὕλῃ","lemma":"Ὕλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Hyle"},{"surface":"ναίεσκε","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὀρέσβιον","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μεμηλώς","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"πλούτοιο","lemma":"πλοῦτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεμηλώς","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"μεμηλώς","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ναίεσκε","gloss":"concerned"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b5-l709","source":"λίμνῃ κεκλιμένος Κηφισίδι· πὰρ δέ οἱ ἄλλοι","translation":"dwelling beside the Cephisian lake; and near him other","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l709.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίμνῃ","lemma":"λίμνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεκλιμένος","gloss":"lake"},{"surface":"κεκλιμένος","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ναίεσκε","gloss":"dwelling"},{"surface":"Κηφισίδι","lemma":"Κηφισίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies λίμνῃ","gloss":"Cephisian"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Βοιωτοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b5-l710","source":"ναῖον Βοιωτοὶ μάλα πίονα δῆμον ἔχοντες.","translation":"Boeotians lived, possessing a very fertile land.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναῖον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"Βοιωτοὶ","lemma":"Βοιωτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ναῖον","gloss":"Boeotians"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"fertile"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Βοιωτοὶ","gloss":"possessing"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b5-l711","source":"τοὺς δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη","translation":"Now when the goddess white-armed Hera saw them","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l711.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b5-l712","source":"Ἀργείους ὀλέκοντας ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ,","translation":"destroying the Argives in the mighty combat,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l712.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέκοντας","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ὀλέκοντας","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"destroying"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερῇ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b5-l713","source":"αὐτίκʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"at once she addressed Athena with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l713.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b5-l714","source":"ὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος Ἀτρυτώνη,","translation":"\"Ah, shame, child of Zeus who bears the aegis, unwearied one,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l714.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"Ἀτρυτώνη","lemma":"Ἀτρυτώνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"unwearied one"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b5-l715","source":"ἦ ῥʼ ἅλιον τὸν μῦθον ὑπέστημεν Μενελάῳ","translation":"did we then make Menelaus that promise in vain—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l715.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὸν μῦθον ὑπέστημεν Μενελάῳ","title":"A promise made to Menelaus","body":"The dative Μενελάῳ names the man to whom Hera and Athena made their promise. The following accusative participles supply its content with Menelaus understood as their subject: he is to sack Ilion and return home."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"promise"},{"surface":"ὑπέστημεν","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did we make"},{"surface":"Μενελάῳ","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέστημεν","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b5-l716","source":"Ἴλιον ἐκπέρσαντʼ εὐτείχεον ἀπονέεσθαι,","translation":"that he would sack well-walled Ilion and return home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l716.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσαντ̓","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἐκπέρσαντ","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπονέεσθαι","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"εὐτείχεον","lemma":"εὐτείχεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"well-walled"},{"surface":"ἀπονέεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"return home"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b5-l717","source":"εἰ οὕτω μαίνεσθαι ἐάσομεν οὖλον Ἄρηα.","translation":"if we let destructive Ares rage in this way?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l717.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐάσομεν","gloss":"in this way"},{"surface":"μαίνεσθαι","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"rage"},{"surface":"ἐάσομεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"we let"},{"surface":"οὖλον","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"destructive"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b5-l718","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ νῶϊ μεδώμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς.","translation":"Come, then, let the two of us turn our minds to furious valor.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l718.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μεδώμεθα","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"μεδώμεθα","lemma":"μέδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us turn"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μεδώμεθα","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b5-l719","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.","translation":"So she spoke, and the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, did not disobey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"̓ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b5-l720","source":"ἣ μὲν ἐποιχομένη χρυσάμπυκας ἔντυεν ἵππους","translation":"Hera went among the horses and harnessed the gold-frontleted team,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l720.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χρυσάμπυκας","title":"Gold-frontleted horses","body":"The compound describes the horses by the golden ἄμπυκες worn across their foreheads. Hera harnesses the team, while Hebe fits the chariot's components in the lines that follow."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔντυεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐποιχομένη","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔντυεν","gloss":"going among"},{"surface":"χρυσάμπυκας","lemma":"χρυσάμπυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"gold-frontleted"},{"surface":"ἔντυεν","lemma":"ἐντύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"harnessed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔντυεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":721,"label":"721","id":"b5-l721","source":"Ἥρη πρέσβα θεὰ θυγάτηρ μεγάλοιο Κρόνοιο·","translation":"the august goddess, daughter of great Cronos;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l721.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔντυεν","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"πρέσβα","lemma":"πρέσβα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"august"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρόνοιο","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Κρόνοιο","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"Cronos"}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b5-l722","source":"Ἥβη δʼ ἀμφʼ ὀχέεσσι θοῶς βάλε καμπύλα κύκλα","translation":"and Hebe swiftly fitted the curved wheels to the chariot,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l722.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥβη","lemma":"Ἥβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Hebe"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὀχέεσσι","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fitted"},{"surface":"καμπύλα","lemma":"καμπύλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύκλα","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"κύκλα","lemma":"κύκλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"wheels"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b5-l723","source":"χάλκεα ὀκτάκνημα σιδηρέῳ ἄξονι ἀμφίς.","translation":"bronze, eight-spoked, on either side of the iron axle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l723.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεα","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύκλα","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ὀκτάκνημα","lemma":"ὀκτάκνημος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύκλα","gloss":"eight-spoked"},{"surface":"σιδηρέῳ","lemma":"σιδήρεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄξονι","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"ἄξονι","lemma":"ἄξων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφίς","gloss":"axle"},{"surface":"ἀμφίς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on either side"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b5-l724","source":"τῶν ἤτοι χρυσέη ἴτυς ἄφθιτος, αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε","translation":"Their felloe was of gold, imperishable, and over it","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l724.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἴτυς","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χρυσέη","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἴτυς","lemma":"ἴτυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"felloe"},{"surface":"ἄφθιτος","lemma":"ἄφθιτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χρυσέη","gloss":"imperishable"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσαρηρότα","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":725,"label":"725","id":"b5-l725","source":"χάλκεʼ ἐπίσσωτρα προσαρηρότα, θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι·","translation":"bronze tires were fitted, a wonder to behold;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l725.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἴτυς ... ἐπίσσωτρα","title":"Felloe and tire","body":"ἴτυς is the felloe, the rim formed by the wheel's structure, while ἐπίσσωτρα are the tires fitted over it. Here the supporting felloe is gold and the outer tire bronze."}],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκε","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπίσσωτρα","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἐπίσσωτρα","lemma":"ἐπίσωτρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"tires"},{"surface":"προσαρηρότα","lemma":"προσαραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fitted over"},{"surface":"θαῦμα","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"a wonder"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"to behold"}]},{"number":726,"label":"726","id":"b5-l726","source":"πλῆμναι δʼ ἀργύρου εἰσὶ περίδρομοι ἀμφοτέρωθεν·","translation":"and the naves are of silver, revolving on either side.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l726.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλῆμναι","lemma":"πλήμνη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶ","gloss":"naves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργύρου","lemma":"ἄργυρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of silver"},{"surface":"εἰσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"περίδρομοι","lemma":"περίδρομος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πλῆμναι","gloss":"revolving"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περίδρομοι","gloss":"on either side"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b5-l727","source":"δίφρος δὲ χρυσέοισι καὶ ἀργυρέοισιν ἱμᾶσιν","translation":"The chariot body is stretched tight with straps of gold","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l727.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίφρος","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐντέταται","gloss":"chariot body"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσέοισι","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέοισιν","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"ἱμᾶσιν","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐντέταται","gloss":"straps"}]},{"number":728,"label":"728","id":"b5-l728","source":"ἐντέταται, δοιαὶ δὲ περίδρομοι ἄντυγές εἰσι.","translation":"and silver, and two rails run all around it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l728.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δοιαὶ ... ἄντυγες","title":"The double chariot rail","body":"The dual δοιαί marks two ἄντυγες, the rails running around the chariot body. These are not wheels or reins but the raised edging of the platform in which the goddesses stand."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντέταται","lemma":"ἐντείνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is stretched tight"},{"surface":"δοιαὶ","lemma":"δοιοί","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄντυγές","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περίδρομοι","lemma":"περίδρομος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"running around"},{"surface":"ἄντυγές","lemma":"ἄντυξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσι","gloss":"rails"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b5-l729","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἐξ ἀργύρεος ῥυμὸς πέλεν· αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ ἄκρῳ","translation":"From it extended a silver pole; and at its end","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l729.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀργύρεος","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ῥυμὸς","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"ῥυμὸς","lemma":"ῥυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέλεν","gloss":"pole"},{"surface":"πέλεν","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"extended"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἄκρῳ","lemma":"ἄκρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"the end"}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b5-l730","source":"δῆσε χρύσειον καλὸν ζυγόν, ἐν δὲ λέπαδνα","translation":"Hebe fastened a beautiful golden yoke and set within it","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῆσε","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fastened"},{"surface":"χρύσειον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ζυγόν","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ζυγόν","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ζυγόν","lemma":"ζυγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῆσε","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέπαδνα","lemma":"λέπαδνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔβαλε","gloss":"neck-straps"}]},{"number":731,"label":"731","id":"b5-l731","source":"κάλʼ ἔβαλε χρύσειʼ· ὑπὸ δὲ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν Ἥρη","translation":"beautiful golden neck-straps; then Hera led beneath the yoke","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l731.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ζυγόν ... λέπαδνα","title":"Yoke and neck-straps","body":"The ζυγόν is the crosswise yoke fixed to the end of the pole. The λέπαδνα are the straps laid about the horses' necks to secure them to it; Hebe fits these before Hera brings the team under the yoke."}],"words":[{"surface":"κάλ","lemma":"κάλη","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λέπαδνα","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ἔβαλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"χρύσει","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λέπαδνα","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἤγαγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":732,"label":"732","id":"b5-l732","source":"ἵππους ὠκύποδας, μεμαυῖʼ ἔριδος καὶ ἀϋτῆς.","translation":"the swift-footed horses, eager for strife and the war-cry.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l732.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ὠκύποδας","lemma":"ὠκύπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖ","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγεν","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀϋτῆς","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"war-cry"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b5-l733","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη κούρη Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"But Athena, daughter of Zeus who bears the aegis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l733.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κατέχευεν","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίη","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b5-l734","source":"πέπλον μὲν κατέχευεν ἑανὸν πατρὸς ἐπʼ οὔδει","translation":"let fall her soft robe upon her father's floor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l734.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέπλον","lemma":"πέπλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατέχευεν","gloss":"robe"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατέχευεν","lemma":"καταχεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fall"},{"surface":"ἑανὸν","lemma":"ἑανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέπλον","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οὔδει","gloss":"her father's"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"οὔδει","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"floor"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b5-l735","source":"ποικίλον, ὅν ῥʼ αὐτὴ ποιήσατο καὶ κάμε χερσίν·","translation":"richly patterned, which she herself had made and wrought with her hands;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l735.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποικίλον","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέπλον","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"ποιήσατο","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"had made"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάμε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"wrought"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"with her hands"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b5-l736","source":"ἣ δὲ χιτῶνʼ ἐνδῦσα Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο","translation":"then, putting on the tunic of Zeus the cloud-gatherer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of θωρήσσετο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χιτῶν","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνδῦσα","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"ἐνδῦσα","lemma":"ἐνδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσετο","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χιτῶν̓","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέταο","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b5-l737","source":"τεύχεσιν ἐς πόλεμον θωρήσσετο δακρυόεντα.","translation":"she arrayed herself in armor for tearful war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l737.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θωρήσσετο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"θωρήσσετο","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arrayed herself"},{"surface":"δακρυόεντα","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"tearful"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b5-l738","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετʼ αἰγίδα θυσσανόεσσαν","translation":"Around her shoulders she cast the tasseled aegis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l738.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"βάλετ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she cast"},{"surface":"αἰγίδα","lemma":"αἰγίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλετ̓","gloss":"aegis"},{"surface":"θυσσανόεσσαν","lemma":"θυσανόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"tasseled"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b5-l739","source":"δεινήν, ἣν περὶ μὲν πάντῃ Φόβος ἐστεφάνωται,","translation":"dreadful, which Rout crowns on every side;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινήν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστεφάνωται","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"Φόβος","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστεφάνωται","gloss":"Rout"},{"surface":"ἐστεφάνωται","lemma":"στεφανόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"is crowned"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b5-l740","source":"ἐν δʼ Ἔρις, ἐν δʼ Ἀλκή, ἐν δὲ κρυόεσσα Ἰωκή,","translation":"within are Strife, Battle-strength, and chilling Pursuit,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l740.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλκή","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Battle-strength"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρυόεσσα","lemma":"κρυόεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰωκή","gloss":"chilling"},{"surface":"Ἰωκή","lemma":"ἰωκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Pursuit"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b5-l741","source":"ἐν δέ τε Γοργείη κεφαλὴ δεινοῖο πελώρου","translation":"and within is the Gorgon's head, that dreadful monster,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l741.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Γοργείη","lemma":"Γόργειος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλὴ","gloss":"Gorgon’s"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"δεινοῖο","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πελώρου","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"πελώρου","lemma":"πέλωρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κεφαλὴ","gloss":"monster"}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b5-l742","source":"δεινή τε σμερδνή τε, Διὸς τέρας αἰγιόχοιο.","translation":"dread and grim, the portent of Zeus who bears the aegis.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινή","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σμερδνή","lemma":"σμερδνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέρας","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέρας","lemma":"τέρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"portent"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b5-l743","source":"κρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἀμφίφαλον κυνέην θέτο τετραφάληρον","translation":"Upon her head she set the double-crested, four-bossed helmet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρατὶ","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀμφίφαλον","lemma":"ἀμφίφαλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"double-crested"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέτο","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"θέτο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"τετραφάληρον","lemma":"τετραφάληρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"four-bossed"}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b5-l744","source":"χρυσείην, ἑκατὸν πολίων πρυλέεσσʼ ἀραρυῖαν·","translation":"golden, fitted for the foot soldiers of a hundred cities.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l744.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑκατὸν πολίων πρυλέεσσ' ἀραρυῖαν","title":"A helmet for a hundred cities","body":"πρυλέες are close-fighting foot soldiers, and ἀραρυῖαν describes the helmet as fitted or sufficient for them. The vast scale is divine: Athena's golden helmet could equip the warriors of a hundred cities."}],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσείην","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἑκατὸν","lemma":"ἑκατόν","morphology":"numeral","role":"adverbial to πολίων","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"πολίων","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies πρυλέεσσ̓","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"πρυλέεσσ","lemma":"πρυλέες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀραρυῖαν","gloss":"foot soldiers"},{"surface":"ἀραρυῖαν","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b5-l745","source":"ἐς δʼ ὄχεα φλόγεα ποσὶ βήσετο, λάζετο δʼ ἔγχος","translation":"She stepped with her feet into the flaming chariot and took up her spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l745.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄχεα","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"φλόγεα","lemma":"φλόγεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄχεα","gloss":"flaming"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βήσετο","gloss":"with her feet"},{"surface":"βήσετο","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"λάζετο","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λάζετο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b5-l746","source":"βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν, τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν","translation":"heavy, huge, and strong, with which she subdues the ranks","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l746.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βριθὺ","lemma":"βριθύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"στιβαρόν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δάμνησι","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"δάμνησι","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔγχος","gloss":"she subdues"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δάμνησι","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":747,"label":"747","id":"b5-l747","source":"ἡρώων, οἷσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη.","translation":"of heroes against whom she, daughter of a mighty father, is angered.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l747.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡρώων","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of heroes"},{"surface":"οἷσίν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κοτέσσεται","gloss":"against whom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κοτέσσεται","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"she is angered"},{"surface":"ὀβριμοπάτρη","lemma":"ὀβριμοπάτρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κοτέσσεται","gloss":"mighty-fathered"}]},{"number":748,"label":"748","id":"b5-l748","source":"Ἥρη δὲ μάστιγι θοῶς ἐπεμαίετʼ ἄρʼ ἵππους·","translation":"Then Hera swiftly plied the whip over the horses;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l748.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεμαίετ̓","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάστιγι","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμαίετ̓","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμαίετ̓","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ἐπεμαίετ","lemma":"ἐπιμαίομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plied"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεμαίετ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":749,"label":"749","id":"b5-l749","source":"αὐτόμαται δὲ πύλαι μύκον οὐρανοῦ ἃς ἔχον Ὧραι,","translation":"and of themselves the gates of heaven groaned, which the Hours guarded,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l749.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόμαται","lemma":"αὐτόματος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"of themselves"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πύλαι","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of μύκον","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"μύκον","lemma":"μυκάομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"οὐρανοῦ","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πύλαι","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πύλαι","gloss":"guarded"},{"surface":"Ὧραι","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"Hours"}]},{"number":750,"label":"750","id":"b5-l750","source":"τῇς ἐπιτέτραπται μέγας οὐρανὸς Οὔλυμπός τε","translation":"to whom great heaven and Olympus are entrusted,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l750.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιτέτραπται","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέτραπται","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὧραι","gloss":"are entrusted"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸς","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπός","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":751,"label":"751","id":"b5-l751","source":"ἠμὲν ἀνακλῖναι πυκινὸν νέφος ἠδʼ ἐπιθεῖναι.","translation":"both to roll back the thick cloud and to draw it over.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l751.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἀνακλῖναι","lemma":"ἀνακλίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"to roll back"},{"surface":"πυκινὸν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"thick, clustered"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιθεῖναι","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"to draw over"}]},{"number":752,"label":"752","id":"b5-l752","source":"τῇ ῥα διʼ αὐτάων κεντρηνεκέας ἔχον ἵππους·","translation":"Through these they guided the horses responsive to the goad;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l752.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"αὐτάων","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"κεντρηνεκέας","lemma":"κεντρηνεκής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"goad-responsive"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they guided"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":753,"label":"753","id":"b5-l753","source":"εὗρον δὲ Κρονίωνα θεῶν ἄτερ ἥμενον ἄλλων","translation":"and they found the son of Cronos sitting apart from the other gods","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l753.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρον","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνα","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρον","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄτερ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄτερ","lemma":"ἄτερ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"ἥμενον","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":754,"label":"754","id":"b5-l754","source":"ἀκροτάτῃ κορυφῇ πολυδειράδος Οὐλύμποιο.","translation":"upon the topmost peak of many-ridged Olympus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l754.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκροτάτῃ","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies κορυφῇ","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"κορυφῇ","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἥμενον","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"πολυδειράδος","lemma":"πολυδειράς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Οὐλύμποιο","gloss":"many-ridged"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κορυφῇ","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":755,"label":"755","id":"b5-l755","source":"ἔνθʼ ἵππους στήσασα θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη","translation":"There the goddess white-armed Hera halted the horses","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l755.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of στήσασα","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"στήσασα","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":756,"label":"756","id":"b5-l756","source":"Ζῆνʼ ὕπατον Κρονίδην ἐξείρετο καὶ προσέειπε·","translation":"and questioned Zeus, highest son of Cronos, and addressed him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l756.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζῆν","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὕπατον","lemma":"ὕπατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζῆν̓","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"Κρονίδην","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζῆν̓","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἐξείρετο","lemma":"ἐξέρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"questioned"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":757,"label":"757","id":"b5-l757","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ οὐ νεμεσίζῃ Ἄρῃ τάδε καρτερὰ ἔργα","translation":"\"Father Zeus, are you not indignant at Ares for these violent deeds—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l757.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νεμεσίζῃ","lemma":"νεμεσίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you indignant"},{"surface":"Ἄρῃ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νεμεσίζῃ","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"καρτερὰ","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"violent"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":758,"label":"758","id":"b5-l758","source":"ὁσσάτιόν τε καὶ οἷον ἀπώλεσε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"how great a host of Achaeans he has destroyed, and what men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l758.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁσσάτιόν","lemma":"ὁσσάτιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"how great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"what kind"},{"surface":"ἀπώλεσε","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object","gloss":"he destroyed"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώλεσε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":759,"label":"759","id":"b5-l759","source":"μὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον ἐμοὶ δʼ ἄχος, οἳ δὲ ἕκηλοι","translation":"recklessly and beyond all order, to my grief—while at their ease","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l759.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον","title":"Beyond the order of battle","body":"μάψ marks Ares' violence as reckless or purposeless, while οὐ κατὰ κόσμον says that it violates due order. Hera's complaint is not only that Achaeans die, but that a god is destroying them without restraint or proper bounds."}],"words":[{"surface":"μὰψ","lemma":"μάψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"while they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕκηλοι","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at their ease"}]},{"number":760,"label":"760","id":"b5-l760","source":"τέρπονται Κύπρίς τε καὶ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"Cypris and Apollo of the silver bow take their pleasure,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l760.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέρπονται","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take pleasure"},{"surface":"Κύπρίς","lemma":"Κύπρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Cypris"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξος","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"silver-bowed"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":761,"label":"761","id":"b5-l761","source":"ἄφρονα τοῦτον ἀνέντες, ὃς οὔ τινα οἶδε θέμιστα;","translation":"having set this madman loose, who knows no ordinance?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l761.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄφρονα","lemma":"ἄφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνέντες","gloss":"madman"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄφρονα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνέντες","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρπονται","gloss":"having set loose"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θέμιστα","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"οἶδε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄφρονα","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"θέμιστα","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of οἶδε","gloss":"ordinance"}]},{"number":762,"label":"762","id":"b5-l762","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ ἦ ῥά τί μοι κεχολώσεαι, αἴ κεν Ἄρηα","translation":"Father Zeus, will you then be angry with me if I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l762.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κεχολώσεαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κεχολώσεαι","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"κεχολώσεαι","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be angry"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξαποδίωμαι","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":763,"label":"763","id":"b5-l763","source":"λυγρῶς πεπληγυῖα μάχης ἐξαποδίωμαι;","translation":"after striking Ares grievously, drive him out of battle?\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l763.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λυγρῶς","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπληγυῖα","gloss":"grievously"},{"surface":"πεπληγυῖα","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐξαποδίωμαι","gloss":"after striking"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξαποδίωμαι","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐξαποδίωμαι","lemma":"ἐξαποδίω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"drive away"}]},{"number":764,"label":"764","id":"b5-l764","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l764.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":765,"label":"765","id":"b5-l765","source":"ἄγρει μάν οἱ ἔπορσον Ἀθηναίην ἀγελείην,","translation":"\"Come now, rouse Athena, driver of spoil, against him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l765.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀθηναίην ἀγελείην","title":"Athena, driver of spoil","body":"ἀγελείη is Athena's martial epithet as one who drives off the enemy's spoil. Zeus chooses her because her accustomed way with Ares is not restraint but direct and painful opposition."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγρει","lemma":"ἀγρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"μάν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπορσον","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"ἔπορσον","lemma":"ἐπόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπορσον","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"ἀγελείην","lemma":"ἀγελείη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίην","gloss":"driver of spoil"}]},{"number":766,"label":"766","id":"b5-l766","source":"ἥ ἑ μάλιστʼ εἴωθε κακῇς ὀδύνῃσι πελάζειν.","translation":"for she more than any is accustomed to bring him into bitter pain.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l766.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴωθε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πελάζειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μάλιστ","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴωθε","gloss":"more than any"},{"surface":"εἴωθε","lemma":"ἔθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀθηναίην","gloss":"accustomed"},{"surface":"κακῇς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδύνῃσι","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ὀδύνῃσι","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πελάζειν","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"πελάζειν","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴωθε","gloss":"to bring"}]},{"number":767,"label":"767","id":"b5-l767","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,","translation":"So he spoke, and the goddess white-armed Hera did not disobey,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l767.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":768,"label":"768","id":"b5-l768","source":"μάστιξεν δʼ ἵππους· τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην","translation":"but whipped the horses; and the pair flew on, not unwilling,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l768.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάστιξεν","lemma":"μαστίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"whipped"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάστιξεν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πετέσθην","gloss":"the pair"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντε","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew on"}]},{"number":769,"label":"769","id":"b5-l769","source":"μεσσηγὺς γαίης τε καὶ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος.","translation":"midway between the earth and starry heaven.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l769.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεσσηγὺς","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανοῦ","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἀστερόεντος","lemma":"ἀστερόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανοῦ","gloss":"starry"}]},{"number":770,"label":"770","id":"b5-l770","source":"ὅσσον δʼ ἠεροειδὲς ἀνὴρ ἴδεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","translation":"As far into the hazy distance as a man can see with his eyes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l770.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"as far"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδὲς","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"hazy distance"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόσσον","gloss":"can see"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"with his eyes"}]},{"number":771,"label":"771","id":"b5-l771","source":"ἥμενος ἐν σκοπιῇ, λεύσσων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον,","translation":"seated at a lookout, gazing over the wine-dark sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l771.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενος","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"σκοπιῇ","lemma":"σκοπιά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"watching-place"},{"surface":"λεύσσων","lemma":"λεύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"gazing"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"οἴνοπα","lemma":"οἶνοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"wine-dark"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":772,"label":"772","id":"b5-l772","source":"τόσσον ἐπιθρῴσκουσι θεῶν ὑψηχέες ἵπποι.","translation":"so far leap the high-neighing horses of the gods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l772.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑψηχέες ἵπποι","title":"High-neighing divine horses","body":"ὑψηχής describes the horses by the high, carrying sound of their neigh. Their single bound spans the whole distance a watcher can survey from a high lookout to the sea's horizon."}],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπιθρῴσκουσι","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"ἐπιθρῴσκουσι","lemma":"ἐπιθρώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leap"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ὑψηχέες","lemma":"ὑψηχής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"high-neighing"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιθρῴσκουσι","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":773,"label":"773","id":"b5-l773","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Τροίην ἷξον ποταμώ τε ῥέοντε,","translation":"But when they reached Troy and the two flowing rivers,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l773.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἷξον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἷξον","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔνθ̓","gloss":"they reached"},{"surface":"ποταμώ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"two rivers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥέοντε","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"modifies ποταμώ","gloss":"flowing"}]},{"number":774,"label":"774","id":"b5-l774","source":"ἧχι ῥοὰς Σιμόεις συμβάλλετον ἠδὲ Σκάμανδρος,","translation":"where Simois and Scamander join their streams,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l774.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧχι","lemma":"ἧχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συμβάλλετον","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ῥοὰς","lemma":"ῥοή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of συμβάλλετον","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"Σιμόεις","lemma":"Σιμόεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Simois"},{"surface":"συμβάλλετον","lemma":"συμβάλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"join"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σκάμανδρος","lemma":"Σκάμανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Scamander"}]},{"number":775,"label":"775","id":"b5-l775","source":"ἔνθʼ ἵππους ἔστησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη","translation":"there the goddess white-armed Hera halted the horses","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l775.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστησε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔστησε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἔστησε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":776,"label":"776","id":"b5-l776","source":"λύσασʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, περὶ δʼ ἠέρα πουλὺν ἔχευε·","translation":"and unyoked them from the chariot, then poured thick mist around them;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l776.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύσασ","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησε","gloss":"unyoked"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠέρα","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχευε","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"πουλὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠέρα","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"ἔχευε","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"}]},{"number":777,"label":"777","id":"b5-l777","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ ἀμβροσίην Σιμόεις ἀνέτειλε νέμεσθαι.","translation":"and Simois made ambrosia spring up for them to graze.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l777.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀνέτειλε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίην","lemma":"ἀμβροσίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέτειλε","gloss":"ambrosia"},{"surface":"Σιμόεις","lemma":"Σιμόεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέτειλε","gloss":"Simois"},{"surface":"ἀνέτειλε","lemma":"ἀνατέλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made spring up"},{"surface":"νέμεσθαι","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἀνέτειλε","gloss":"to graze"}]},{"number":778,"label":"778","id":"b5-l778","source":"αἳ δὲ βάτην τρήρωσι πελειάσιν ἴθμαθʼ ὁμοῖαι","translation":"The goddesses went on with steps like timid doves,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l778.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of βάτην","gloss":"the goddesses"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βάτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"τρήρωσι","lemma":"τρήρων","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πελειάσιν","gloss":"timid"},{"surface":"πελειάσιν","lemma":"πελειάς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὁμοῖαι","gloss":"doves"},{"surface":"ἴθμαθ","lemma":"ἴθμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμοῖαι","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖαι","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":779,"label":"779","id":"b5-l779","source":"ἀνδράσιν Ἀργείοισιν ἀλεξέμεναι μεμαυῖαι·","translation":"eager to bring aid to the Argive men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l779.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλεξέμεναι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσιν","gloss":"Argive"},{"surface":"ἀλεξέμεναι","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαυῖαι","gloss":"to bring aid"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖαι","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to βάτην","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":780,"label":"780","id":"b5-l780","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκανον ὅθι πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι","translation":"But when they came where the greatest number and the best","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l780.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵκανον","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔνθα","gloss":"they came"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πλεῖστοι","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"greatest number"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":781,"label":"781","id":"b5-l781","source":"ἕστασαν ἀμφὶ βίην Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο","translation":"stood gathered around the might of Diomedes, tamer of horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l781.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἵκανον","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"βίην","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"Διομήδεος","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίην","gloss":"of Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδεος","gloss":"tamer of horses"}]},{"number":782,"label":"782","id":"b5-l782","source":"εἰλόμενοι λείουσιν ἐοικότες ὠμοφάγοισιν","translation":"closed in together like lions that feed on raw flesh","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l782.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰλόμενοι","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"closed in"},{"surface":"λείουσιν","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"lions"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὠμοφάγοισιν","lemma":"ὠμόφαγος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λείουσιν","gloss":"raw-flesh-eating"}]},{"number":783,"label":"783","id":"b5-l783","source":"ἢ συσὶ κάπροισιν, τῶν τε σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν,","translation":"or wild boars, whose strength is not feeble,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l783.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"συσὶ","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"wild boars"},{"surface":"κάπροισιν","lemma":"κάπρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies συσὶ","gloss":"boars"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλαπαδνόν","lemma":"ἀλαπαδνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weak"}]},{"number":784,"label":"784","id":"b5-l784","source":"ἔνθα στᾶσʼ ἤϋσε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη","translation":"there the goddess white-armed Hera stood and shouted,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l784.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"στᾶσ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσε","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἤϋσε","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤϋσε","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":785,"label":"785","id":"b5-l785","source":"Στέντορι εἰσαμένη μεγαλήτορι χαλκεοφώνῳ,","translation":"likening her voice to great-hearted, bronze-voiced Stentor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l785.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Στέντορι","lemma":"Στέντωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσαμένη","gloss":"Stentor"},{"surface":"εἰσαμένη","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσε","gloss":"likening herself"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορι","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Στέντορι","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"χαλκεοφώνῳ","lemma":"χαλκεόφωνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Στέντορι","gloss":"bronze-voiced"}]},{"number":786,"label":"786","id":"b5-l786","source":"ὃς τόσον αὐδήσασχʼ ὅσον ἄλλοι πεντήκοντα·","translation":"who used to cry out as loudly as fifty other men:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l786.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of αὐδήσασχ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to αὐδήσασχ̓","gloss":"as loudly"},{"surface":"αὐδήσασχ","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Στέντορι","gloss":"used to cry"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"fifty"}]},{"number":787,"label":"787","id":"b5-l787","source":"αἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι κάκʼ ἐλέγχεα εἶδος ἀγητοί·","translation":"\"Shame, Argives—foul disgraces, splendid only in appearance!","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l787.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰδὼς ... κάκ' ἐλέγχεα","title":"A cry of shame","body":"αἰδώς is an urgent summons to feel shame before one's peers, while ἐλέγχεα calls the warriors living disgraces or reproaches. Hera drives the insult harder by conceding that they still look magnificent."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδὼς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐλέγχεα","gloss":"foul"},{"surface":"ἐλέγχεα","lemma":"ἔλεγχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"disgraces"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγητοί","gloss":"in appearance"},{"surface":"ἀγητοί","lemma":"ἀγητός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργεῖοι","gloss":"splendid"}]},{"number":788,"label":"788","id":"b5-l788","source":"ὄφρα μὲν ἐς πόλεμον πωλέσκετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"As long as godlike Achilles went to battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l788.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πωλέσκετο","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"πωλέσκετο","lemma":"πωλέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οἴχνεσκον","gloss":"went repeatedly"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πωλέσκετο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":789,"label":"789","id":"b5-l789","source":"οὐδέ ποτε Τρῶες πρὸ πυλάων Δαρδανιάων","translation":"the Trojans never ranged before the Dardanian gates,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l789.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to οἴχνεσκον","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of οἴχνεσκον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πυλάων","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸ","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"Δαρδανιάων","lemma":"Δαρδάνιος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πυλάων","gloss":"Dardanian"}]},{"number":790,"label":"790","id":"b5-l790","source":"οἴχνεσκον· κείνου γὰρ ἐδείδισαν ὄβριμον ἔγχος·","translation":"for they feared his mighty spear;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l790.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχνεσκον","lemma":"οἰχνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ranged"},{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐδείδισαν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feared"},{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδείδισαν","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":791,"label":"791","id":"b5-l791","source":"νῦν δὲ ἑκὰς πόλιος κοίλῃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ μάχονται.","translation":"but now they fight far from the city, beside the hollow ships.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l791.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχονται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑκὰς","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"κοίλῃς","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μάχονται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":792,"label":"792","id":"b5-l792","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.","translation":"So speaking, she roused the strength and spirit of every man.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l792.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she roused"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":793,"label":"793","id":"b5-l793","source":"Τυδεΐδῃ δʼ ἐπόρουσε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then bright-eyed Athena sprang toward the son of Tydeus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l793.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπόρουσε","title":"Athena springs to him","body":"ἐπόρουσε is an aorist of ἐπορούω, a forceful verb for springing or rushing upon someone. Here the motion is not an attack: Athena swiftly comes to Diomedes at his chariot."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"toward Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":794,"label":"794","id":"b5-l794","source":"εὗρε δὲ τόν γε ἄνακτα παρʼ ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν","translation":"she found the lord beside his horses and chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l794.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρε","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she found"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄνακτα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρε","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἵπποισιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"his horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφιν","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":795,"label":"795","id":"b5-l795","source":"ἕλκος ἀναψύχοντα τό μιν βάλε Πάνδαρος ἰῷ.","translation":"cooling the wound where Pandarus had struck him with an arrow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l795.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀναψύχοντα","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"ἀναψύχοντα","lemma":"ἀναψύχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"cooling"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἕλκος","gloss":"had struck"},{"surface":"Πάνδαρος","lemma":"Πάνδαρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Pandarus"},{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"with an arrow"}]},{"number":796,"label":"796","id":"b5-l796","source":"ἱδρὼς γάρ μιν ἔτειρεν ὑπὸ πλατέος τελαμῶνος","translation":"For sweat oppressed him beneath the broad strap","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l796.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱδρὼς","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔτειρεν","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτειρεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔτειρεν","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"oppressed"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"πλατέος","lemma":"πλατύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τελαμῶνος","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"τελαμῶνος","lemma":"τελαμών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"strap"}]},{"number":797,"label":"797","id":"b5-l797","source":"ἀσπίδος εὐκύκλου· τῷ τείρετο, κάμνε δὲ χεῖρα,","translation":"of his well-rounded shield; it burdened him, and his arm grew weary,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l797.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τελαμῶνος","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"εὐκύκλου","lemma":"εὔκυκλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδος","gloss":"well-rounded"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τείρετο","gloss":"by it"},{"surface":"τείρετο","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he was burdened"},{"surface":"κάμνε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew weary"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κάμνε","gloss":"arm"}]},{"number":798,"label":"798","id":"b5-l798","source":"ἂν δʼ ἴσχων τελαμῶνα κελαινεφὲς αἷμʼ ἀπομόργνυ.","translation":"and as he lifted the strap, he wiped away the dark blood.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l798.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κελαινεφὲς αἷμα","title":"Dark blood","body":"κελαινεφής describes blood as dark or murky. The phrase returns to the wound Pandarus gave Diomedes at line 99 and keeps its color distinct from the μέλας family, rendered elsewhere as \"black.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴσχων","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπομόργνυ","gloss":"lifting"},{"surface":"τελαμῶνα","lemma":"τελαμών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴσχων","gloss":"the strap"},{"surface":"κελαινεφὲς","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμ̓","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"αἷμ","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπομόργνυ","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ἀπομόργνυ","lemma":"ἀπομόργνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he wiped away"}]},{"number":799,"label":"799","id":"b5-l799","source":"ἱππείου δὲ θεὰ ζυγοῦ ἥψατο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"The goddess touched the horses' yoke and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l799.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱππείου","lemma":"ἵππειος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ζυγοῦ","gloss":"equine"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"ζυγοῦ","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἥψατο","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἥψατο","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":800,"label":"800","id":"b5-l800","source":"ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς.","translation":"\"Indeed, Tydeus begot a son who is little like himself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l800.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα","title":"Little like his father","body":"οἷ is the dative singular pronoun referring to Tydeus, governed by ἐοικότα, \"resembling.\" Athena begins with a cutting comparison between Diomedes and his father before recounting Tydeus' boldness."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐοικότα","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐοικότα","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γείνατο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐοικότα","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"γείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"Τυδεύς","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γείνατο","gloss":"Tydeus"}]},{"number":801,"label":"801","id":"b5-l801","source":"Τυδεύς τοι μικρὸς μὲν ἔην δέμας, ἀλλὰ μαχητής·","translation":"Tydeus was small in build, but he was a fighter.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l801.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεύς","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"Tydeus"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μικρὸς","lemma":"μικρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"in build"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μαχητής","lemma":"μαχητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fighter"}]},{"number":802,"label":"802","id":"b5-l802","source":"καί ῥʼ ὅτε πέρ μιν ἐγὼ πολεμίζειν οὐκ εἴασκον","translation":"Even when I would not allow him to fight","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l802.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πολεμίζειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴασκον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴασκον","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εἴασκον","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"I allowed"}]},{"number":803,"label":"803","id":"b5-l803","source":"οὐδʼ ἐκπαιφάσσειν, ὅτε τʼ ἤλυθε νόσφιν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"or rush headlong, when he came apart from the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l803.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκπαιφάσσειν","lemma":"ἐκπαιφάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"rush headlong"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἤλυθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"he came"},{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to νόσφιν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":804,"label":"804","id":"b5-l804","source":"ἄγγελος ἐς Θήβας πολέας μετὰ Καδμείωνας·","translation":"as a messenger to Thebes among the many Cadmeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l804.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as a messenger"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Θήβας","lemma":"Θῆβαι","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Thebes"},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Καδμείωνας","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Καδμείωνας","lemma":"Καδμεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"Cadmeans"}]},{"number":805,"label":"805","id":"b5-l805","source":"δαίνυσθαί μιν ἄνωγον ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἕκηλον·","translation":"I ordered him to feast quietly in their halls.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l805.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυσθαί","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγον","gloss":"to feast"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαίνυσθαί","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄνωγον","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ordered"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἕκηλον","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δαίνυσθαί","gloss":"quietly"}]},{"number":806,"label":"806","id":"b5-l806","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ θυμὸν ἔχων ὃν καρτερὸν ὡς τὸ πάρος περ","translation":"But he, keeping the stout heart he had before,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l806.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προκαλίζετο","gloss":"keeping"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"καρτερὸν","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":807,"label":"807","id":"b5-l807","source":"κούρους Καδμείων προκαλίζετο, πάντα δʼ ἐνίκα","translation":"challenged the young Cadmeans and defeated them in everything","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l807.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρους","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of προκαλίζετο","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"Καδμείων","lemma":"Καδμεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρους","gloss":"Cadmeans"},{"surface":"προκαλίζετο","lemma":"προκαλίζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"challenged"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνίκα","gloss":"in everything"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνίκα","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defeated"}]},{"number":808,"label":"808","id":"b5-l808","source":"ῥηϊδίως· τοίη οἱ ἐγὼν ἐπιτάρροθος ἦα.","translation":"with ease; so mighty a helper was I to him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l808.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπιτάρροθος","title":"A divine helper","body":"ἐπιτάρροθος is one who stands ready to aid or defend another. Athena uses the same word of her support for Tydeus here and for Diomedes at line 828, making the comparison exact."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνίκα","gloss":"with ease"},{"surface":"τοίη","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιτάρροθος","gloss":"so mighty"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦα","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπιτάρροθος","lemma":"ἐπιτάρροθος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"helper"},{"surface":"ἦα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":809,"label":"809","id":"b5-l809","source":"σοὶ δʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ παρά θʼ ἵσταμαι ἠδὲ φυλάσσω,","translation":"But beside you I stand and watch over you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l809.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵσταμαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"παρά","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵσταμαι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I stand"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φυλάσσω","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"watch"}]},{"number":810,"label":"810","id":"b5-l810","source":"καί σε προφρονέως κέλομαι Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι·","translation":"and wholeheartedly urge you to fight the Trojans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l810.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"προφρονέως","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέλομαι","gloss":"wholeheartedly"},{"surface":"κέλομαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κέλομαι","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":811,"label":"811","id":"b5-l811","source":"ἀλλά σευ ἢ κάματος πολυᾶϊξ γυῖα δέδυκεν","translation":"Yet either the weariness of many charges has entered your limbs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l811.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κάματος πολυᾶϊξ","title":"Weariness of many charges","body":"πολυᾶϊξ joins πολύς, \"many,\" to the root of ἀΐσσω, \"dart\" or \"charge.\" Athena imagines the fatigue produced by Diomedes' repeated rushes through battle, not a vague loss of courage."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"σευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"κάματος","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δέδυκεν","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"πολυᾶϊξ","lemma":"πολυάιξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κάματος","gloss":"from many charges"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέδυκεν","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"δέδυκεν","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has entered"}]},{"number":812,"label":"812","id":"b5-l812","source":"ἤ νύ σέ που δέος ἴσχει ἀκήριον· οὐ σύ γʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"or perhaps spiritless fear holds you. Then you are no","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l812.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴσχει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἴσχει","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ἴσχει","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"ἀκήριον","lemma":"ἀκήριος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέος","gloss":"spiritless"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσσι","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":813,"label":"813","id":"b5-l813","source":"Τυδέος ἔκγονός ἐσσι δαΐφρονος Οἰνεΐδαο.","translation":"descendant of wise Tydeus, son of Oeneus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l813.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔκγονός","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ἔκγονός","lemma":"ἔκγονος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"descendant"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Οἰνεΐδαο","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"Οἰνεΐδαο","lemma":"Οἰνείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τυδέος","gloss":"son of Oeneus"}]},{"number":814,"label":"814","id":"b5-l814","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Then mighty Diomedes answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l814.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":815,"label":"815","id":"b5-l815","source":"γιγνώσκω σε θεὰ θύγατερ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο·","translation":"\"I know you, goddess, daughter of Zeus who bears the aegis;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l815.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γιγνώσκω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"θύγατερ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύγατερ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"}]},{"number":816,"label":"816","id":"b5-l816","source":"τώ τοι προφρονέως ἐρέω ἔπος οὐδʼ ἐπικεύσω.","translation":"therefore I will speak to you wholeheartedly and conceal nothing.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l816.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐδ' ἐπικεύσω","title":"I will not conceal it","body":"ἐπικεύσω is a future form of ἐπικεύθω, \"keep hidden\" or \"conceal.\" Paired with the future ἐρέω, it promises both a frank account and the withholding of nothing."}],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"προφρονέως","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρέω","gloss":"wholeheartedly"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἐπικεύσω","lemma":"ἐπικεύθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will conceal"}]},{"number":817,"label":"817","id":"b5-l817","source":"οὔτέ τί με δέος ἴσχει ἀκήριον οὔτέ τις ὄκνος,","translation":"Neither spiritless fear holds me, nor any hesitation,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l817.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἴσχει","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴσχει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἴσχει","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ἴσχει","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"ἀκήριον","lemma":"ἀκήριος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies με","gloss":"spiritless"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄκνος","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ὄκνος","lemma":"ὄκνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hesitation"}]},{"number":818,"label":"818","id":"b5-l818","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι σέων μέμνημαι ἐφετμέων ἃς ἐπέτειλας·","translation":"but I still remember the commands you laid upon me:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l818.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμνημαι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"σέων","lemma":"σός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐφετμέων","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μέμνημαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"ἐφετμέων","lemma":"ἐφετμή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of μέμνημαι","gloss":"commands"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέτειλας","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐπέτειλας","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐφετμέων","gloss":"you laid upon"}]},{"number":819,"label":"819","id":"b5-l819","source":"οὔ μʼ εἴας μακάρεσσι θεοῖς ἀντικρὺ μάχεσθαι","translation":"you did not allow me to fight face-to-face with the blessed gods,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l819.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἴας","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you allowed"},{"surface":"μακάρεσσι","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖς","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"face-to-face"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of εἴας","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":820,"label":"820","id":"b5-l820","source":"τοῖς ἄλλοις· ἀτὰρ εἴ κε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη","translation":"of all the others. But if Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l820.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοις","gloss":"all those"},{"surface":"ἄλλοις","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖς","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃσ̓","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":821,"label":"821","id":"b5-l821","source":"ἔλθῃσʼ ἐς πόλεμον, τήν γʼ οὐτάμεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ.","translation":"comes into battle, wound her with sharp bronze.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l821.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλθῃσ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of οὐτάμεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐτάμεν","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to οὐτάμεν","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":822,"label":"822","id":"b5-l822","source":"τοὔνεκα νῦν αὐτός τʼ ἀναχάζομαι ἠδὲ καὶ ἄλλους","translation":"Therefore I myself am now giving ground, and I ordered the other","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l822.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκα","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀναχάζομαι","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am giving ground"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργείους","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":823,"label":"823","id":"b5-l823","source":"Ἀργείους ἐκέλευσα ἀλήμεναι ἐνθάδε πάντας·","translation":"Argives all to gather here.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l823.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλήμεναι","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσα","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ordered"},{"surface":"ἀλήμεναι","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευσα","gloss":"to gather"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλήμεναι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργείους","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":824,"label":"824","id":"b5-l824","source":"γιγνώσκω γὰρ Ἄρηα μάχην ἀνὰ κοιρανέοντα.","translation":"For I know Ares is lording it throughout the battle.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l824.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μάχην ἀνὰ κοιρανέοντα","title":"Ares lords over the battle","body":"κοιρανέω means to rule or command as a κοίρανος, a lord. Diomedes has recognized that a god is directing the battle and retreats in obedience to Athena's earlier prohibition, not from cowardice."}],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γιγνώσκω","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"κοιρανέοντα","lemma":"κοιρανέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lording it"}]},{"number":825,"label":"825","id":"b5-l825","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then bright-eyed Athena answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l825.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":826,"label":"826","id":"b5-l826","source":"Τυδεΐδη Διόμηδες ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ","translation":"\"Diomedes, son of Tydeus, dear to my heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l826.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ","title":"Dear to my heart","body":"κεχαρισμένε is a perfect middle-passive participle used in direct address: Diomedes is one who has become pleasing to Athena's θυμός, her heart or spirit. The perfect gives the favor an established, continuing force."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδη","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διόμηδες","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"Διόμηδες","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κεχαρισμένε","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifies Διόμηδες","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχαρισμένε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":827,"label":"827","id":"b5-l827","source":"μήτε σύ γʼ Ἄρηα τό γε δείδιθι μήτε τινʼ ἄλλον","translation":"do not fear Ares on that account, nor any other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l827.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δείδιθι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δείδιθι","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δείδιθι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δείδιθι","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":828,"label":"828","id":"b5-l828","source":"ἀθανάτων, τοίη τοι ἐγὼν ἐπιτάρροθός εἰμι·","translation":"of the immortals, so mighty a helper am I to you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l828.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"of the immortals"},{"surface":"τοίη","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιτάρροθός","gloss":"so mighty"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰμι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπιτάρροθός","lemma":"ἐπιτάρροθος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"helper"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am"}]},{"number":829,"label":"829","id":"b5-l829","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἐπʼ Ἄρηϊ πρώτῳ ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους,","translation":"Come, drive the single-hoofed horses first against Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l829.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"πρώτῳ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":830,"label":"830","id":"b5-l830","source":"τύψον δὲ σχεδίην μηδʼ ἅζεο θοῦρον Ἄρηα","translation":"strike him at close quarters, and do not stand in awe of raging Ares,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l830.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύψον","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σχεδίην","lemma":"σχεδίην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τύψον","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"ἅζεο","lemma":"ἅζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand in awe"},{"surface":"θοῦρον","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":831,"label":"831","id":"b5-l831","source":"τοῦτον μαινόμενον, τυκτὸν κακόν, ἀλλοπρόσαλλον,","translation":"this madman, this wrought evil, this turncoat,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l831.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τυκτὸν κακόν, ἀλλοπρόσαλλον","title":"Wrought evil, ever shifting","body":"τυκτὸν κακόν calls Ares an evil that has been wrought or fashioned. ἀλλοπρόσαλλος describes one who turns now toward one side and now the other, matching Athena's charge that he has abandoned his promise to aid the Argives."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μαινόμενον","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"madman"},{"surface":"τυκτὸν","lemma":"τυκτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακόν","gloss":"wrought"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἀλλοπρόσαλλον","lemma":"ἀλλοπρόσαλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"turncoat"}]},{"number":832,"label":"832","id":"b5-l832","source":"ὃς πρῴην μὲν ἐμοί τε καὶ Ἥρῃ στεῦτʼ ἀγορεύων","translation":"who only lately promised Hera and me, declaring","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l832.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πρῴην","lemma":"πρώιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to στεῦτ̓","gloss":"only lately"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἥρῃ","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"στεῦτ","lemma":"στεῦμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύων","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στεῦτ̓","gloss":"declaring"}]},{"number":833,"label":"833","id":"b5-l833","source":"Τρωσὶ μαχήσεσθαι, ἀτὰρ Ἀργείοισιν ἀρήξειν,","translation":"he would fight the Trojans and aid the Argives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l833.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαχήσεσθαι","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μαχήσεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρήξειν","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἀρήξειν","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"to aid"}]},{"number":834,"label":"834","id":"b5-l834","source":"νῦν δὲ μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ὁμιλεῖ, τῶν δὲ λέλασται.","translation":"but now he keeps company with the Trojans and has forgotten the Argives.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l834.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὁμιλεῖ","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"keeps company"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of λέλασται","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέλασται","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"has forgotten"}]},{"number":835,"label":"835","id":"b5-l835","source":"ὣς φαμένη Σθένελον μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων ὦσε χαμᾶζε,","translation":"So speaking, she pushed Sthenelus from the horses to the ground,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l835.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαμένη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φαμένη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὦσε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"Σθένελον","lemma":"Σθένελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"Sthenelus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pushed"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":836,"label":"836","id":"b5-l836","source":"χειρὶ πάλιν ἐρύσασʼ, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐμμαπέως ἀπόρουσεν·","translation":"drawing him backward with her hand, and he sprang down at once.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l836.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρύσασ̓","gloss":"with her hand"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐρύσασ̓","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐρύσασ","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὦσε","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπόρουσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐμμαπέως","lemma":"ἐμμαπέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόρουσεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἀπόρουσεν","lemma":"ἀπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang down"}]},{"number":837,"label":"837","id":"b5-l837","source":"ἣ δʼ ἐς δίφρον ἔβαινε παραὶ Διομήδεα δῖον","translation":"Then the goddess mounted the chariot beside godlike Diomedes,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l837.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θεά","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἔβαινε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"παραὶ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Διομήδεα","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παραὶ","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδεα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":838,"label":"838","id":"b5-l838","source":"ἐμμεμαυῖα θεά· μέγα δʼ ἔβραχε φήγινος ἄξων","translation":"eager for battle; and loudly the oaken axle groaned","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l838.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμμεμαυῖα","lemma":"ἐμμεμαώς","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαινε","gloss":"eager for battle"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαινε","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβραχε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβραχε","lemma":"βραχεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"φήγινος","lemma":"φήγινος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄξων","gloss":"oaken"},{"surface":"ἄξων","lemma":"ἄξων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβραχε","gloss":"axle"}]},{"number":839,"label":"839","id":"b5-l839","source":"βριθοσύνῃ· δεινὴν γὰρ ἄγεν θεὸν ἄνδρά τʼ ἄριστον.","translation":"beneath the weight, for it bore a dreadful goddess and the best of men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l839.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βριθοσύνῃ","title":"The axle under weight","body":"βριθοσύνη is heaviness or weight. The chariot axle groans not merely under two bodies but under the paired magnitude Homer names: a formidable goddess and an outstanding mortal warrior."}],"words":[{"surface":"βριθοσύνῃ","lemma":"βριθοσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔβραχε","gloss":"beneath the weight"},{"surface":"δεινὴν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸν","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it bore"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"ἄνδρά","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρά","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":840,"label":"840","id":"b5-l840","source":"λάζετο δὲ μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Pallas Athena took the whip and reins,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l840.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάζετο","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάστιγα","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λάζετο","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":841,"label":"841","id":"b5-l841","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἐπʼ Ἄρηϊ πρώτῳ ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους.","translation":"and at once drove the single-hoofed horses first against Ares.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l841.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"πρώτῳ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":842,"label":"842","id":"b5-l842","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν Περίφαντα πελώριον ἐξενάριζεν","translation":"He was stripping the huge Periphas,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l842.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξενάριζεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Περίφαντα","lemma":"Περίφας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξενάριζεν","gloss":"Periphas"},{"surface":"πελώριον","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Περίφαντα","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριζεν","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stripping"}]},{"number":843,"label":"843","id":"b5-l843","source":"Αἰτωλῶν ὄχʼ ἄριστον Ὀχησίου ἀγλαὸν υἱόν·","translation":"far the best of the Aetolians, the glorious son of Ochesius.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l843.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰτωλῶν","lemma":"Αἰτωλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"of the Aetolians"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄριστον","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Περίφαντα","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"Ὀχησίου","lemma":"Ὀχήσιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"of Ochesius"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Περίφαντα","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":844,"label":"844","id":"b5-l844","source":"τὸν μὲν Ἄρης ἐνάριζε μιαιφόνος· αὐτὰρ Ἀθήνη","translation":"Blood-stained Ares was stripping him, but Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l844.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνάριζε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνάριζε","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ἐνάριζε","lemma":"ἐναρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stripping"},{"surface":"μιαιφόνος","lemma":"μιαιφόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"blood-stained"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δῦν̓","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":845,"label":"845","id":"b5-l845","source":"δῦνʼ Ἄϊδος κυνέην, μή μιν ἴδοι ὄβριμος Ἄρης.","translation":"put on the helmet of Hades, so mighty Ares would not see her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l845.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῦν","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδος","lemma":"Ἄιδος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δῦν̓","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that not"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδοι","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἴδοι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"would see"},{"surface":"ὄβριμος","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδοι","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":846,"label":"846","id":"b5-l846","source":"ὡς δὲ ἴδε βροτολοιγὸς Ἄρης Διομήδεα δῖον,","translation":"When Ares, bane of mortals, saw godlike Diomedes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l846.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αὐτὰρ","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"βροτολοιγὸς","lemma":"βροτολοιγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"bane of mortals"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδε","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"Διομήδεα","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδεα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":847,"label":"847","id":"b5-l847","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν Περίφαντα πελώριον αὐτόθʼ ἔασε","translation":"he left huge Periphas there","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l847.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔασε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Περίφαντα","lemma":"Περίφας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖσθαι","gloss":"Periphas"},{"surface":"πελώριον","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Περίφαντα","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"αὐτόθ","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἔασε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":848,"label":"848","id":"b5-l848","source":"κεῖσθαι ὅθι πρῶτον κτείνων ἐξαίνυτο θυμόν,","translation":"lying where he had first slain him and taken his life,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l848.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσθαι","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔασε","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξαίνυτο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐξαίνυτο","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"κτείνων","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξαίνυτο","gloss":"slaying"},{"surface":"ἐξαίνυτο","lemma":"ἐξαίνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αὐτόθ̓","gloss":"was taking away"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξαίνυτο","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":849,"label":"849","id":"b5-l849","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ ῥʼ ἰθὺς Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο.","translation":"and went straight against Diomedes, tamer of horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l849.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight against"},{"surface":"Διομήδεος","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰθὺς","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδεος","gloss":"tamer of horses"}]},{"number":850,"label":"850","id":"b5-l850","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,","translation":"Now when they had come near, advancing on one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l850.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὠρέξαθ̓","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"advancing"}]},{"number":851,"label":"851","id":"b5-l851","source":"πρόσθεν Ἄρης ὠρέξαθʼ ὑπὲρ ζυγὸν ἡνία θʼ ἵππων","translation":"Ares reached first over the yoke and the horses' reins","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l851.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὠρέξαθ̓","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὠρέξαθ̓","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ὠρέξαθ","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θ̓","gloss":"horses'"}]},{"number":852,"label":"852","id":"b5-l852","source":"ἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ μεμαὼς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἑλέσθαι·","translation":"with his bronze spear, eager to take away his life.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l852.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὠρέξαθ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χαλκείῳ","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"μεμαὼς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὠρέξαθ̓","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of μεμαὼς","gloss":"to take"}]},{"number":853,"label":"853","id":"b5-l853","source":"καὶ τό γε χειρὶ λαβοῦσα θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","translation":"But bright-eyed Athena caught it in her hand","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l853.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καὶ τό γε χειρὶ λαβοῦσα","title":"Athena catches the cast","body":"The feminine participle λαβοῦσα makes Athena the agent who takes Ares' spear in her hand. Diomedes does not parry the divine cast; the hidden goddess intercepts it herself."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of λαβοῦσα","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβοῦσα","gloss":"in her hand"},{"surface":"λαβοῦσα","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὦσεν","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦσεν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":854,"label":"854","id":"b5-l854","source":"ὦσεν ὑπὲκ δίφροιο ἐτώσιον ἀϊχθῆναι.","translation":"and thrust it away from the chariot to dart in vain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l854.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦσεν","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"ὑπὲκ","lemma":"ὑπέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"δίφροιο","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὲκ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἐτώσιον","lemma":"ἐτώσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀϊχθῆναι","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"ἀϊχθῆναι","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὦσεν","gloss":"to dart"}]},{"number":855,"label":"855","id":"b5-l855","source":"δεύτερος αὖθʼ ὡρμᾶτο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης","translation":"Second in turn, Diomedes, good at the war-cry, charged","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l855.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερος","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ὡρμᾶτο","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὡρμᾶτο","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":856,"label":"856","id":"b5-l856","source":"ἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ· ἐπέρεισε δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη","translation":"with his bronze spear; and Pallas Athena drove it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l856.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὡρμᾶτο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χαλκείῳ","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἐπέρεισε","lemma":"ἐπερείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέρεισε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":857,"label":"857","id":"b5-l857","source":"νείατον ἐς κενεῶνα ὅθι ζωννύσκετο μίτρῃ·","translation":"into the lowest flank, where he was girded with the taslet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l857.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νείατον ἐς κενεῶνα ὅθι ζωννύσκετο μίτρῃ","title":"The flank beneath the taslet","body":"κενεών is the soft flank, and νείατος marks its lowest part. The μίτρη is the taslet, the belly-guard already named in Book 4; even on a god, Homer locates the strike precisely where this piece is worn."}],"words":[{"surface":"νείατον","lemma":"νέατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κενεῶνα","gloss":"lowest"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"κενεῶνα","lemma":"κενεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"flank"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζωννύσκετο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ζωννύσκετο","lemma":"ζώννυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κενεῶνα","gloss":"he was girded"},{"surface":"μίτρῃ","lemma":"μίτρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ζωννύσκετο","gloss":"taslet"}]},{"number":858,"label":"858","id":"b5-l858","source":"τῇ ῥά μιν οὖτα τυχών, διὰ δὲ χρόα καλὸν ἔδαψεν,","translation":"There he struck him true and tore through his fair skin,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l858.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὖτα","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οὖτα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"τυχών","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὖτα","gloss":"striking true"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδαψεν","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"ἔδαψεν","lemma":"δάπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore"}]},{"number":859,"label":"859","id":"b5-l859","source":"ἐκ δὲ δόρυ σπάσεν αὖτις· ὃ δʼ ἔβραχε χάλκεος Ἄρης","translation":"then drew the spear back out; and bronze Ares roared","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l859.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of σπάσεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"σπάσεν","lemma":"σπάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σπάσεν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβραχε","lemma":"βράσσω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"χάλκεος","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβραχε","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":860,"label":"860","id":"b5-l860","source":"ὅσσόν τʼ ἐννεάχιλοι ἐπίαχον ἢ δεκάχιλοι","translation":"as loudly as nine thousand or ten thousand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l860.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσόν","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπίαχον","gloss":"as loudly as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐννεάχιλοι","lemma":"ἐννεάχιλοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"nine thousand"},{"surface":"ἐπίαχον","lemma":"ἐπιάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔβραχε","gloss":"cry out"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δεκάχιλοι","lemma":"δεκάχιλοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"ten thousand"}]},{"number":861,"label":"861","id":"b5-l861","source":"ἀνέρες ἐν πολέμῳ ἔριδα ξυνάγοντες Ἄρηος.","translation":"men cry out in war as they join the strife of Ares.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l861.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπίαχον","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ἔριδα","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ξυνάγοντες","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ξυνάγοντες","lemma":"συνάγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπίαχον","gloss":"joining"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔριδα","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":862,"label":"862","id":"b5-l862","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὸ τρόμος εἷλεν Ἀχαιούς τε Τρῶάς τε","translation":"Trembling seized Achaeans and Trojans alike","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l862.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"τρόμος","lemma":"τρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἷλεν","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"εἷλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶάς","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":863,"label":"863","id":"b5-l863","source":"δείσαντας· τόσον ἔβραχʼ Ἄρης ἆτος πολέμοιο.","translation":"in fear; so loudly roared Ares, insatiate for war.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l863.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείσαντας","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in fear"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβραχ̓","gloss":"so loudly"},{"surface":"ἔβραχ","lemma":"βραχεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβραχ̓","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ἆτος","lemma":"ἄατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"insatiate"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἆτος","gloss":"for war"}]},{"number":864,"label":"864","id":"b5-l864","source":"οἵη δʼ ἐκ νεφέων ἐρεβεννὴ φαίνεται ἀὴρ","translation":"As a dark haze appears from the clouds","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l864.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐρεβεννὴ ... ἀήρ","title":"A dark haze","body":"ἀήρ is the lower air seen as mist or haze, and ἐρεβεννός makes it dark as Erebus. Ares' bronze form ascending amid clouds resembles the mass of a storm gathering after heat."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἵη","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀὴρ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νεφέων","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"ἐρεβεννὴ","lemma":"ἐρεβεννός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀὴρ","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"φαίνεται","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τοῖος","gloss":"appears"},{"surface":"ἀὴρ","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φαίνεται","gloss":"haze"}]},{"number":865,"label":"865","id":"b5-l865","source":"καύματος ἐξ ἀνέμοιο δυσαέος ὀρνυμένοιο,","translation":"after heat, when a stormy wind rises,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l865.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καύματος","lemma":"καῦμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"heat"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρνυμένοιο","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"δυσαέος","lemma":"δυσαής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμοιο","gloss":"stormy"},{"surface":"ὀρνυμένοιο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φαίνεται","gloss":"rising"}]},{"number":866,"label":"866","id":"b5-l866","source":"τοῖος Τυδεΐδῃ Διομήδεϊ χάλκεος Ἄρης","translation":"so bronze Ares appeared to Diomedes, son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l866.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδεϊ","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"Διομήδεϊ","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φαίνεθ̓","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"χάλκεος","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φαίνεθ̓","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":867,"label":"867","id":"b5-l867","source":"φαίνεθʼ ὁμοῦ νεφέεσσιν ἰὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν.","translation":"as he went with the clouds into the broad sky.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l867.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φαίνεθ","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ὁμοῦ","lemma":"ὁμοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"νεφέεσσιν","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμοῦ","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φαίνεθ̓","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"εὐρύν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":868,"label":"868","id":"b5-l868","source":"καρπαλίμως δʼ ἵκανε θεῶν ἕδος αἰπὺν Ὄλυμπον,","translation":"Swiftly he reached steep Olympus, the gods' abode,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l868.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕδος","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἕδος","lemma":"ἕδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"abode"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":869,"label":"869","id":"b5-l869","source":"πὰρ δὲ Διὶ Κρονίωνι καθέζετο θυμὸν ἀχεύων,","translation":"and sat beside Zeus, son of Cronos, grieving in his heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l869.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀχεύων","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ἀχεύων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"grieving"}]},{"number":870,"label":"870","id":"b5-l870","source":"δεῖξεν δʼ ἄμβροτον αἷμα καταρρέον ἐξ ὠτειλῆς,","translation":"He showed the immortal blood flowing down from the wound,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l870.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῖξεν","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμβροτον","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δεῖξεν","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"καταρρέον","lemma":"καταρρέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"flowing down"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὠτειλῆς","lemma":"ὠτειλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"wound"}]},{"number":871,"label":"871","id":"b5-l871","source":"καί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and lamenting, he addressed him with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l871.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"lamenting"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed"}]},{"number":872,"label":"872","id":"b5-l872","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ οὐ νεμεσίζῃ ὁρῶν τάδε καρτερὰ ἔργα;","translation":"\"Father Zeus, are you not angered to see these violent deeds?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l872.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νεμεσίζῃ","lemma":"νεμεσίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you angered"},{"surface":"ὁρῶν","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νεμεσίζῃ","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"καρτερὰ","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"violent"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρῶν","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":873,"label":"873","id":"b5-l873","source":"αἰεί τοι ῥίγιστα θεοὶ τετληότες εἰμὲν","translation":"Always we gods endure the most terrible sufferings","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l873.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰμὲν","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥίγιστα","lemma":"ῥίγιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰμὲν","gloss":"most terrible things"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰμὲν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"τετληότες","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"enduring"},{"surface":"εἰμὲν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are"}]},{"number":874,"label":"874","id":"b5-l874","source":"ἀλλήλων ἰότητι, χάριν ἄνδρεσσι φέροντες.","translation":"by one another's will, as we seek to bring favor to mortals.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l874.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀλλήλων ἰότητι","title":"By one another's will","body":"The dative ἰότητι gives the cause or agency behind the gods' suffering: each suffers through another god's will. Ares frames divine intervention for mortals as a cycle of injuries the gods inflict upon one another."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰότητι","gloss":"one another’s"},{"surface":"ἰότητι","lemma":"ἰότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰμὲν","gloss":"by will"},{"surface":"χάριν","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"favor"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰμὲν","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":875,"label":"875","id":"b5-l875","source":"σοὶ πάντες μαχόμεσθα· σὺ γὰρ τέκες ἄφρονα κούρην","translation":"We all contend with you, for you fathered a witless girl,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l875.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μαχόμεσθα","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μαχόμεσθα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μαχόμεσθα","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we contend"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τέκες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τέκες","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you fathered"},{"surface":"ἄφρονα","lemma":"ἄφρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κούρην","gloss":"witless"},{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τέκες","gloss":"girl"}]},{"number":876,"label":"876","id":"b5-l876","source":"οὐλομένην, ᾗ τʼ αἰὲν ἀήσυλα ἔργα μέμηλεν.","translation":"a ruinous one whose mind is always set on lawless deeds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l876.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐλομένην","lemma":"οὐλόμενος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κούρην","gloss":"ruinous"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of μέμηλεν","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμηλεν","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἀήσυλα","lemma":"ἀήσυλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"lawless"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of μέμηλεν","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"μέμηλεν","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κούρην","gloss":"is set on"}]},{"number":877,"label":"877","id":"b5-l877","source":"ἄλλοι μὲν γὰρ πάντες ὅσοι θεοί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ","translation":"For all the other gods who dwell on Olympus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l877.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοί","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσ̓","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"εἰσ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλοι","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπῳ","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":878,"label":"878","id":"b5-l878","source":"σοί τʼ ἐπιπείθονται καὶ δεδμήμεσθα ἕκαστος·","translation":"obey you, and each of us is held in check.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l878.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιπείθονται","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεδμήμεσθα","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are held"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":879,"label":"879","id":"b5-l879","source":"ταύτην δʼ οὔτʼ ἔπεϊ προτιβάλλεαι οὔτέ τι ἔργῳ,","translation":"But you confront her neither with word nor with any deed,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l879.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταύτην","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of προτιβάλλεαι","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπεϊ","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προτιβάλλεαι","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"προτιβάλλεαι","lemma":"προσβάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you confront"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἔργῳ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"deed"}]},{"number":880,"label":"880","id":"b5-l880","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀνιεῖς, ἐπεὶ αὐτὸς ἐγείναο παῖδʼ ἀΐδηλον·","translation":"but let her loose, because you yourself begot this destructive child.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l880.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παῖδ' ἀΐδηλον","title":"A destructive child","body":"ἀΐδηλος describes one who makes things unseen by destroying them, hence ruinous or destructive. Ares throws the language of devastation at Athena while complaining to the father who permits her freedom."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνιεῖς","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let loose"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἐγείναο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"παῖδ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐγείναο","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἀΐδηλον","lemma":"ἀίδηλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδ̓","gloss":"destructive"}]},{"number":881,"label":"881","id":"b5-l881","source":"ἣ νῦν Τυδέος υἱὸν ὑπερφίαλον Διομήδεα","translation":"Now she has set the overbearing son of Tydeus, Diomedes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l881.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέηκεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέηκεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδεα","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὑπερφίαλον","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδεα","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"Διομήδεα","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνέηκεν","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":882,"label":"882","id":"b5-l882","source":"μαργαίνειν ἀνέηκεν ἐπʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι.","translation":"to rage madly against the immortal gods.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l882.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαργαίνειν","lemma":"μαργαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνέηκεν","gloss":"to rage madly"},{"surface":"ἀνέηκεν","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has set"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":883,"label":"883","id":"b5-l883","source":"Κύπριδα μὲν πρῶτον σχεδὸν οὔτασε χεῖρʼ ἐπὶ καρπῷ,","translation":"First he wounded Cypris at close quarters, on the hand by the wrist,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l883.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κύπριδα","lemma":"Κύπρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"Cypris"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"on the hand"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"καρπῷ","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"wrist"}]},{"number":884,"label":"884","id":"b5-l884","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ αὐτῷ μοι ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος·","translation":"and then he charged at me myself, equal to a god.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l884.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αὐτῷ μοι ... δαίμονι ἶσος","title":"Upon me myself","body":"The intensive αὐτῷ reinforces the dative μοι: Ares insists that Diomedes attacked him personally after Cypris. δαίμονι ἶσος describes Diomedes as equal to a divine power in the moment of his charge."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"at me"},{"surface":"ἐπέσσυτο","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"δαίμονι","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσος","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":885,"label":"885","id":"b5-l885","source":"ἀλλά μʼ ὑπήνεικαν ταχέες πόδες· ἦ τέ κε δηρὸν","translation":"But my swift feet bore me away; otherwise, for a long while","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l885.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπήνεικαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὑπήνεικαν","lemma":"ὑποφέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore away"},{"surface":"ταχέες","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπήνεικαν","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔπασχον","gloss":"for a long while"}]},{"number":886,"label":"886","id":"b5-l886","source":"αὐτοῦ πήματʼ ἔπασχον ἐν αἰνῇσιν νεκάδεσσιν,","translation":"I would have suffered agonies there among the grisly heaps of corpses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l886.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπασχον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πήματ","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔπασχον","gloss":"agonies"},{"surface":"ἔπασχον","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have suffered"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"αἰνῇσιν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεκάδεσσιν","gloss":"grisly"},{"surface":"νεκάδεσσιν","lemma":"νεκάς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"heaps of corpses"}]},{"number":887,"label":"887","id":"b5-l887","source":"ἤ κε ζὼς ἀμενηνὸς ἔα χαλκοῖο τυπῇσι.","translation":"or I would have lived, strengthless, beneath the blows of bronze.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l887.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ζὼς","lemma":"ζώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἀμενηνὸς","lemma":"ἀμενηνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strengthless"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have been"},{"surface":"χαλκοῖο","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τυπῇσι","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"τυπῇσι","lemma":"τυπή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔα","gloss":"beneath blows"}]},{"number":888,"label":"888","id":"b5-l888","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς.","translation":"Then, glaring at him from under his brows, Zeus the cloud-gatherer spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l888.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"from under his brows"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"glaring"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":889,"label":"889","id":"b5-l889","source":"μή τί μοι ἀλλοπρόσαλλε παρεζόμενος μινύριζε.","translation":"\"Do not sit beside me and whine, you turncoat.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l889.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μινύριζε","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρεζόμενος","gloss":"beside me"},{"surface":"ἀλλοπρόσαλλε","lemma":"ἀλλοπρόσαλλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"turncoat"},{"surface":"παρεζόμενος","lemma":"παρέζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μινύριζε","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"μινύριζε","lemma":"μινυρίζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"whine"}]},{"number":890,"label":"890","id":"b5-l890","source":"ἔχθιστος δέ μοί ἐσσι θεῶν οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσιν·","translation":"You are the most hateful to me of all the gods who hold Olympus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l890.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔχθιστος","lemma":"ἔχθιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"most hateful"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐσσι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔχθιστος","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεῶν","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":891,"label":"891","id":"b5-l891","source":"αἰεὶ γάρ τοι ἔρις τε φίλη πόλεμοί τε μάχαι τε.","translation":"for strife is always dear to you, and wars and battles.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l891.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πόλεμοί","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχαι","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"battles"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":892,"label":"892","id":"b5-l892","source":"μητρός τοι μένος ἐστὶν ἀάσχετον οὐκ ἐπιεικτὸν","translation":"You have your mother's uncontrollable, unyielding fury—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l892.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μένος ... ἀάσχετον οὐκ ἐπιεικτόν","title":"Hera's unyielding fury","body":"The two adjectives pile up the charge: ἀάσχετος is not to be checked, and οὐκ ἐπιεικτός is not yielding or compliant. Zeus makes Ares' violence an inheritance from Hera's own unconquerable temper."}],"words":[{"surface":"μητρός","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρης","gloss":"mother’s"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μητρός","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀάσχετον","lemma":"ἄσχετος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"uncontrollable"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικτὸν","lemma":"ἐπιεικτός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"unyielding"}]},{"number":893,"label":"893","id":"b5-l893","source":"Ἥρης· τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημʼ ἐπέεσσι·","translation":"Hera's; I can scarcely subdue her with words.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l893.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρης","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Hera’s"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δάμνημ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δάμνημ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σπουδῇ","lemma":"σπουδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δάμνημ̓","gloss":"scarcely"},{"surface":"δάμνημ","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I subdue"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δάμνημ̓","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":894,"label":"894","id":"b5-l894","source":"τώ σʼ ὀΐω κείνης τάδε πάσχειν ἐννεσίῃσιν.","translation":"Therefore I think you suffer this through her counsels.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l894.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πάσχειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"κείνης","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννεσίῃσιν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάσχειν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"πάσχειν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to suffer"},{"surface":"ἐννεσίῃσιν","lemma":"ἐνεσία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πάσχειν","gloss":"through counsels"}]},{"number":895,"label":"895","id":"b5-l895","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐ μάν σʼ ἔτι δηρὸν ἀνέξομαι ἄλγεʼ ἔχοντα·","translation":"Yet I will not allow you to endure pain much longer,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l895.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μάν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέξομαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνέξομαι","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἀνέξομαι","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will allow"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"enduring"}]},{"number":896,"label":"896","id":"b5-l896","source":"ἐκ γὰρ ἐμεῦ γένος ἐσσί, ἐμοὶ δέ σε γείνατο μήτηρ·","translation":"for your lineage is from me, and your mother bore you to me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l896.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐσσί","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"ἐσσί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γείνατο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γείνατο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γείνατο","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":897,"label":"897","id":"b5-l897","source":"εἰ δέ τευ ἐξ ἄλλου γε θεῶν γένευ ὧδʼ ἀΐδηλος","translation":"But if you had been born of any other god, so destructive,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l897.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἄλλου","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τευ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τευ","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"γένευ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you were born"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀΐδηλος","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀΐδηλος","lemma":"ἀίδηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"destructive"}]},{"number":898,"label":"898","id":"b5-l898","source":"καί κεν δὴ πάλαι ἦσθα ἐνέρτερος Οὐρανιώνων.","translation":"long ago you would have lain lower than the sons of Uranus.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l898.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάλαι","lemma":"πάλαι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσθα","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"ἦσθα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have been"},{"surface":"ἐνέρτερος","lemma":"ἐνέρτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lower"},{"surface":"Οὐρανιώνων","lemma":"Οὐρανίωνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνέρτερος","gloss":"sons of Uranus"}]},{"number":899,"label":"899","id":"b5-l899","source":"ὣς φάτο, καὶ Παιήονʼ ἀνώγειν ἰήσασθαι.","translation":"So he spoke, and ordered Paeon to heal him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l899.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Παιήον","lemma":"Παιάν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰήσασθαι","gloss":"Paeon"},{"surface":"ἀνώγειν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"ἰήσασθαι","lemma":"ἰάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγειν","gloss":"to heal"}]},{"number":900,"label":"900","id":"b5-l900","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Παιήων ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα πάσσων","translation":"Then Paeon scattered pain-killing medicines upon him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l900.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Παιήων","lemma":"Παιάν","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠκέσατ̓","gloss":"Paeon"},{"surface":"ὀδυνήφατα","lemma":"ὀδυνήφατος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρμακα","gloss":"pain-killing"},{"surface":"φάρμακα","lemma":"φάρμακον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσσων","gloss":"drugs"},{"surface":"πάσσων","lemma":"πάσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠκέσατ̓","gloss":"scattering"}]},{"number":901,"label":"901","id":"b5-l901","source":"ἠκέσατʼ· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι καταθνητός γʼ ἐτέτυκτο.","translation":"and healed him, for he was not made mortal.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l901.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠκέσατ","lemma":"ἀκέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"healed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐτέτυκτο","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"καταθνητός","lemma":"καταθνητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐτέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was made"}]},{"number":902,"label":"902","id":"b5-l902","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ὀπὸς γάλα λευκὸν ἐπειγόμενος συνέπηξεν","translation":"As when fig sap swiftly curdles white milk","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l902.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὀπὸς","lemma":"ὀπός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of συνέπηξεν","gloss":"fig sap"},{"surface":"γάλα","lemma":"γάλα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of συνέπηξεν","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"λευκὸν","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γάλα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενος","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to συνέπηξεν","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"συνέπηξεν","lemma":"συμπήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"curdles"}]},{"number":903,"label":"903","id":"b5-l903","source":"ὑγρὸν ἐόν, μάλα δʼ ὦκα περιτρέφεται κυκόωντι,","translation":"though it is liquid, and very quickly it thickens as one stirs it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l903.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑγρὸν","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"liquid"},{"surface":"ἐόν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies γάλα","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περιτρέφεται","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"περιτρέφεται","lemma":"περιτρέφομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"thickens"},{"surface":"κυκόωντι","lemma":"κυκάω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to περιτρέφεται","gloss":"as one stirs"}]},{"number":904,"label":"904","id":"b5-l904","source":"ὣς ἄρα καρπαλίμως ἰήσατο θοῦρον Ἄρηα.","translation":"so swiftly he healed raging Ares.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l904.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰήσατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰήσατο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ἰήσατο","lemma":"ἰάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he healed"},{"surface":"θοῦρον","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"῎ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰήσατο","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":905,"label":"905","id":"b5-l905","source":"τὸν δʼ Ἥβη λοῦσεν, χαρίεντα δὲ εἵματα ἕσσε·","translation":"Then Hebe bathed him and clothed him in lovely garments,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l905.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λοῦσεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἥβη","lemma":"Ἥβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λοῦσεν","gloss":"Hebe"},{"surface":"λοῦσεν","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bathed"},{"surface":"χαρίεντα","lemma":"χαρίεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσσε","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"ἕσσε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clothed"}]},{"number":906,"label":"906","id":"b5-l906","source":"πὰρ δὲ Διὶ Κρονίωνι καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων.","translation":"and he sat beside Zeus, son of Cronos, rejoicing in glory.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l906.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"κύδεϊ","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of γαίων","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"γαίων","lemma":"γαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"exulting"}]},{"number":907,"label":"907","id":"b5-l907","source":"αἳ δʼ αὖτις πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς μεγάλοιο νέοντο","translation":"Then the two goddesses returned again to the house of great Zeus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l907.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"the two goddesses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νέοντο","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"νέοντο","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"returned"}]},{"number":908,"label":"908","id":"b5-l908","source":"Ἥρη τʼ Ἀργείη καὶ Ἀλαλκομενηῒς Ἀθήνη","translation":"Hera of Argos, and Athena of Alalkomenae,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l908.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀργείη","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"of Argos"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλαλκομενηῒς","lemma":"Ἀλαλκομενηίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"of Alalkomenae"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":909,"label":"909","id":"b5-l909","source":"παύσασαι βροτολοιγὸν Ἄρηʼ ἀνδροκτασιάων.","translation":"having stopped Ares, bane of mortals, from his slaughter.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b5-l909.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παύσασαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to νέοντο","gloss":"having stopped"},{"surface":"βροτολοιγὸν","lemma":"βροτολοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρἠ","gloss":"bane of mortals"},{"surface":"Ἄρη","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσασαι","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ἀνδροκτασιάων","lemma":"ἀνδροκτασία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of παύσασαι","gloss":"acts of slaughter"}]}]}