{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":7,"id":"book-07","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Η","translated":"Book 7 — Hector and Ajax"},"section":"The Wrath","summary":"Hector challenges the Greeks and fights Ajax to a draw. The dead are burned under a truce, and the Greeks wall their camp.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/7","lines":482},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/6","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/8","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b7-l1","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν πυλέων ἐξέσσυτο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ,","translation":"So speaking, glorious Hector rushed out through the gates,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξέσσυτο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"πυλέων","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξέσσυτο","gloss":"the gates"},{"surface":"ἐξέσσυτο","lemma":"ἐκσεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed out"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέσσυτο","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b7-l2","source":"τῷ δʼ ἅμʼ Ἀλέξανδρος κίʼ ἀδελφεός· ἐν δʼ ἄρα θυμῷ","translation":"and with him went his brother Paris; within their hearts","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Ἀλέξανδρος","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κί̓","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"κί","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἀδελφεός","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀλέξανδρος","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b7-l3","source":"ἀμφότεροι μέμασαν πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"both were eager to wage war and fight.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφότεροι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μέμασαν","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"μέμασαν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were eager"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to wage"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b7-l4","source":"ὡς δὲ θεὸς ναύτῃσιν ἐελδομένοισιν ἔδωκεν","translation":"As when a god gives welcome wind to sailors","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ναύτῃσιν","lemma":"ναύτης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"for sailors"},{"surface":"ἐελδομένοισιν","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to φανήτην","gloss":"gives"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b7-l5","source":"οὖρον, ἐπεί κε κάμωσιν ἐϋξέστῃς ἐλάτῃσι","translation":"who long for it, when they have wearied at the polished oars,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὖρον","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"κάμωσιν","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"wearied"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστῃς","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλάτῃσι","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"ἐλάτῃσι","lemma":"ἐλάτη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐλαύνοντες","gloss":"oars"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b7-l6","source":"πόντον ἐλαύνοντες, καμάτῳ δʼ ὑπὸ γυῖα λέλυνται,","translation":"driving over the sea, and their limbs hang loose with toil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λέλυνται","title":"A perfect state","body":"λέλυνται is perfect middle-passive: the sailors' limbs have been loosened by labor and remain slack. The perfect stresses the exhausted state left by their rowing, not one moment of giving way."}],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλαύνοντες","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνοντες","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κάμωσιν","gloss":"rowing"},{"surface":"καμάτῳ","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λέλυνται","gloss":"with toil"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λέλυνται","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"λέλυνται","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"hang loose"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b7-l7","source":"ὣς ἄρα τὼ Τρώεσσιν ἐελδομένοισι φανήτην.","translation":"so the two appeared to the longing Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φανήτην","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φανήτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φανήτην","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐελδομένοισι","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"longing for"},{"surface":"φανήτην","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b7-l8","source":"ἔνθʼ ἑλέτην ὃ μὲν υἱὸν Ἀρηϊθόοιο ἄνακτος","translation":"There each killed his man: one killed the son of King Areithous,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑλέτην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἑλέτην","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑλέτην","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀρηϊθόοιο","gloss":"of the lord"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b7-l9","source":"Ἄρνῃ ναιετάοντα Μενέσθιον, ὃν κορυνήτης","translation":"Menesthius, who lived in Arne, whom the mace-bearer","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κορυνήτης","title":"The mace-bearer","body":"κορυνήτης is Areithous's byname, formed from κορύνη, an iron mace. Nestor later explains how that weapon gave him the name and shaped the manner of his death."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄρνῃ","lemma":"Ἄρνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ναιετάοντα","gloss":"arne"},{"surface":"ναιετάοντα","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Μενέσθιον","gloss":"dwelling"},{"surface":"Μενέσθιον","lemma":"Μενέσθιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Menesthius"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γείνατ̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"κορυνήτης","lemma":"κορυνήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀρηΐθοος","gloss":"mace-bearer"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b7-l10","source":"γείνατʼ Ἀρηΐθοος καὶ Φυλομέδουσα βοῶπις·","translation":"Areithous and ox-eyed Phylomedusa begot;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γείνατ","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φυλομέδουσα","lemma":"Φυλομέδουσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Phylomedusa"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b7-l11","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ Ἠϊονῆα βάλʼ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι","translation":"and Hector struck Eioneus with his sharp spear","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἠϊονῆα","lemma":"Ἠϊονῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλ̓","gloss":"Eioneus"},{"surface":"βάλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ὀξυόεντι","lemma":"ὀξυόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b7-l12","source":"αὐχένʼ ὑπὸ στεφάνης εὐχάλκου, λύντο δὲ γυῖα.","translation":"in the neck beneath the rim of his bronze-fitted helm, and his limbs gave way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λύντο δὲ γυῖα","title":"His limbs gave way","body":"The recurring death phrase says literally that his limbs were loosened. Homer marks the instant bodily strength leaves a fighter instead of adding a separate statement that he died."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐχέν","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλ̓","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"στεφάνης","lemma":"στεφάνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"helmet rim"},{"surface":"εὐχάλκου","lemma":"εὔχαλκος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies στεφάνης","gloss":"bronze-fitted"},{"surface":"λύντο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave way"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λύντο","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b7-l13","source":"Γλαῦκος δʼ Ἱππολόχοιο πάϊς Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀνδρῶν","translation":"Then Glaucus, son of Hippolochus, leader of the Lycian men,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Γλαῦκος","lemma":"Γλαῦκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Glaucus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἱππολόχοιο","lemma":"Ἱππόλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Hippolochus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of the Lycians"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b7-l14","source":"Ἰφίνοον βάλε δουρὶ κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην","translation":"struck Iphinous with his spear in the mighty combat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰφίνοον","lemma":"Ἰφίνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"Iphinous"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνην","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b7-l15","source":"Δεξιάδην ἵππων ἐπιάλμενον ὠκειάων","translation":"the son of Dexius, as he leapt onto his swift horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δεξιάδην","lemma":"Δεξιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰφίνοον","gloss":"son of Dexius"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιάλμενον","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐπιάλμενον","lemma":"ἐφάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"leaping onto"},{"surface":"ὠκειάων","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b7-l16","source":"ὦμον· ὃ δʼ ἐξ ἵππων χαμάδις πέσε, λύντο δὲ γυῖα.","translation":"in the shoulder; he fell from his chariot to the ground, and his limbs gave way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of πέσε","gloss":"from the horses"},{"surface":"χαμάδις","lemma":"χαμάδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέσε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"πέσε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"λύντο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave way"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λύντο","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b7-l17","source":"τοὺς δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","translation":"But when the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, saw them","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","title":"Bright-eyed Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις is Athena's standing epithet, held as \"bright-eyed.\" Its recurrence marks the goddess at once even as the battle shifts from mortal killing to divine design."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b7-l18","source":"Ἀργείους ὀλέκοντας ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ,","translation":"destroying the Argives in the mighty combat,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀλέκοντας","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ὀλέκοντας","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"destroying"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερῇ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b7-l19","source":"βῆ ῥα κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀΐξασα","translation":"she darted down from the peaks of Olympus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she went"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καρήνων","gloss":"of Olympus"},{"surface":"καρήνων","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"peaks"},{"surface":"ἀΐξασα","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"darting"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b7-l20","source":"Ἴλιον εἰς ἱερήν· τῇ δʼ ἀντίος ὄρνυτʼ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"toward sacred Ilion; Apollo rose to meet her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἱερήν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντίος","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b7-l21","source":"Περγάμου ἐκκατιδών, Τρώεσσι δὲ βούλετο νίκην·","translation":"looking down from Pergamus, for he wished victory for the Trojans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Περγάμου","lemma":"Πέργαμον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκκατιδών","gloss":"from Pergamus"},{"surface":"ἐκκατιδών","lemma":"ἐκκατεῖδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτ̓","gloss":"looking down"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βούλετο","gloss":"for the Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βούλετο","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βούλετο","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b7-l22","source":"ἀλλήλοισι δὲ τώ γε συναντέσθην παρὰ φηγῷ.","translation":"and the two met one another beside the oak.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l22.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τώ γε συναντέσθην","title":"The two gods meet","body":"τώ is dual, and συναντέσθην is a dual verb: Athena and Apollo are presented as a precise pair meeting at Zeus's oak. Homer often uses the dual when two figures briefly act as one unit."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of συναντέσθην","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of συναντέσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"συναντέσθην","lemma":"συνάντομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"φηγῷ","lemma":"φηγός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"oak tree"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b7-l23","source":"τὴν πρότερος προσέειπεν ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"Lord Apollo, son of Zeus, spoke to her first:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"son of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b7-l24","source":"τίπτε σὺ δʼ αὖ μεμαυῖα Διὸς θύγατερ μεγάλοιο","translation":"\"Why, daughter of great Zeus, have you come again so eager","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύγατερ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"θύγατερ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b7-l25","source":"ἦλθες ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο, μέγας δέ σε θυμὸς ἀνῆκεν;","translation":"from Olympus? Your great heart has driven you on.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have come"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"on the other hand"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκεν","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has driven"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b7-l26","source":"ἦ ἵνα δὴ Δαναοῖσι μάχης ἑτεραλκέα νίκην","translation":"Is it to give the Danaans victory that turns the battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"is it"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δῷς","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νίκην","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"ἑτεραλκέα","lemma":"ἑτεραλκής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νίκην","gloss":"battle-turning"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δῷς","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b7-l27","source":"δῷς; ἐπεὶ οὔ τι Τρῶας ἀπολλυμένους ἐλεαίρεις.","translation":"because you feel no pity for the Trojans as they perish?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῷς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"you give"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐλεαίρεις","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλεαίρεις","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀπολλυμένους","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"perishing"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίρεις","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"you pity"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b7-l28","source":"ἀλλʼ εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη·","translation":"But if you would heed me, it would be far better:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l28.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴ ... πίθοιο ... κεν ... εἴη","title":"A should-would condition","body":"The optatives πίθοιο and εἴη, with εἴ in the condition and κε in the result, frame Apollo's proposal at a courteous remove: if Athena should heed him, the outcome would be better."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πίθοιο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πίθοιο","gloss":"in something"},{"surface":"πίθοιο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"would heed"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it would be"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b7-l29","source":"νῦν μὲν παύσωμεν πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα","translation":"for now let us halt the war and strife","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παύσωμεν","gloss":"for now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"παύσωμεν","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us stop"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the war"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτα","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strife"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b7-l30","source":"σήμερον· ὕστερον αὖτε μαχήσοντʼ εἰς ὅ κε τέκμωρ","translation":"today; later they shall fight again until they reach the end","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σήμερον","lemma":"σήμερον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παύσωμεν","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μαχήσοντ̓","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχήσοντ̓","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μαχήσοντ","lemma":"συμμαχέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall fight"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εὕρωσιν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"τέκμωρ","lemma":"τέκμαρ","morphology":"irregular","role":"object of εὕρωσιν","gloss":"the end"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b7-l31","source":"Ἰλίου εὕρωσιν, ἐπεὶ ὣς φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ","translation":"of Ilion, since it has become dear to the hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τέκμωρ","gloss":"of Ilion"},{"surface":"εὕρωσιν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"they reach"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"has come about"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπλετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b7-l32","source":"ὑμῖν ἀθανάτῃσι, διαπραθέειν τόδε ἄστυ.","translation":"of you immortal goddesses to sack this city.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of ἔπλετο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτῃσι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑμῖν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"διαπραθέειν","lemma":"διαπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"to lay waste"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διαπραθέειν","gloss":"this city"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b7-l33","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b7-l34","source":"ὧδʼ ἔστω ἑκάεργε· τὰ γὰρ φρονέουσα καὶ αὐτὴ","translation":"\"So be it, far-worker; I too came with these thoughts","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργε","lemma":"Ἑκάεργος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"far-worker"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φρονέουσα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φρονέουσα","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"i myself"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b7-l35","source":"ἦλθον ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"from Olympus among the Trojans and Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i came"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b7-l36","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε πῶς μέμονας πόλεμον καταπαυσέμεν ἀνδρῶν;","translation":"But come, how do you mean to bring the men's war to an end?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμονας","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"μέμονας","lemma":"μέμονα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you intend"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταπαυσέμεν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"καταπαυσέμεν","lemma":"καταπαύω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of μέμονας","gloss":"to end"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"the men"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b7-l37","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"Then lord Apollo, son of Zeus, answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"son of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b7-l38","source":"Ἕκτορος ὄρσωμεν κρατερὸν μένος ἱπποδάμοιο,","translation":"\"Let us stir the mighty spirit of Hector, tamer of horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l38.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἕκτορος ... ἱπποδάμοιο","title":"Hector, tamer of horses","body":"ἱπποδάμος, \"tamer of horses,\" is an individual warrior's epithet here. It is kept distinct from the collective \"horse-taming Trojans,\" though both praise mastery of horses."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Hector"},{"surface":"ὄρσωμεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us stir"},{"surface":"κρατερὸν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄρσωμεν","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"tamer of horses"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b7-l39","source":"ἤν τινά που Δαναῶν προκαλέσσεται οἰόθεν οἶος","translation":"in hope that he may challenge one of the Danaans, alone,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in case"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προκαλέσσεται","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τινά","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"προκαλέσσεται","lemma":"προκαλέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"may challenge"},{"surface":"οἰόθεν","lemma":"οἰόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχέσασθαι","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b7-l40","source":"ἀντίβιον μαχέσασθαι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι,","translation":"to fight him man to man in the dread strife of war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίβιον","lemma":"ἀντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μαχέσασθαι","gloss":"man to man"},{"surface":"μαχέσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of προκαλέσσεται","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αἰνῇ","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δηϊοτῆτι","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτι","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b7-l41","source":"οἳ δέ κʼ ἀγασσάμενοι χαλκοκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Then the bronze-greaved Achaeans, angered by it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"on the other hand"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀγασσάμενοι","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρσειαν","gloss":"being angered at"},{"surface":"χαλκοκνήμιδες","lemma":"χαλκοκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"bronze-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b7-l42","source":"οἶον ἐπόρσειαν πολεμίζειν Ἕκτορι δίῳ.","translation":"may send one man to fight godlike Hector.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to πολεμίζειν","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐπόρσειαν","lemma":"ἐπόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"may send forth"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπόρσειαν","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πολεμίζειν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b7-l43","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.","translation":"So she spoke, and the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, did not disobey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b7-l44","source":"τῶν δʼ Ἕλενος Πριάμοιο φίλος παῖς σύνθετο θυμῷ","translation":"Then Helenus, Priam's dear son, perceived in his heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l44.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σύνθετο θυμῷ","title":"Helenus perceives the plan","body":"σύνθετο θυμῷ means that Helenus \"put together\" or perceived the gods' design within his heart. As Troy's seer, he hears the divine counsel without being present at the gods' meeting."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βουλήν","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἕλενος","lemma":"Ἕλενος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Helenus"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖς","gloss":"priam's"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"παῖς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"σύνθετο","lemma":"συντίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perceived"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σύνθετο","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b7-l45","source":"βουλήν, ἥ ῥα θεοῖσιν ἐφήνδανε μητιόωσι·","translation":"the plan that pleased the gods as they took counsel;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλήν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σύνθετο","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφήνδανε","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφήνδανε","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἐφήνδανε","lemma":"ἐφανδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βουλήν","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"μητιόωσι","lemma":"μητιάω","morphology":"present active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"taking counsel"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b7-l46","source":"στῆ δὲ παρʼ Ἕκτορʼ ἰὼν καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"he went and stood beside Hector, and spoke a word to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b7-l47","source":"Ἕκτορ υἱὲ Πριάμοιο Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντε","translation":"\"Hector, son of Priam, the equal of Zeus in counsel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l47.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντε","title":"Equal to Zeus in counsel","body":"ἀτάλαντος means \"equal in weight\" and so \"a match for.\" Helenus praises Hector as the equal of Zeus specifically in counsel, not in strength or divine rank."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀτάλαντε","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀτάλαντε","gloss":"in counsel"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντε","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"the equal"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b7-l48","source":"ἦ ῥά νύ μοί τι πίθοιο, κασίγνητος δέ τοί εἰμι·","translation":"would you heed me in something? I am your brother.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πίθοιο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πίθοιο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πίθοιο","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"πίθοιο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would heed"},{"surface":"κασίγνητος","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies κασίγνητος","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i am"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b7-l49","source":"ἄλλους μὲν κάθισον Τρῶας καὶ πάντας Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"Seat the other Trojans and all the Achaeans down,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"κάθισον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b7-l50","source":"αὐτὸς δὲ προκάλεσσαι Ἀχαιῶν ὅς τις ἄριστος","translation":"and you yourself challenge whoever is best among the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προκάλεσσαι","lemma":"προκαλέω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"challenge"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b7-l51","source":"ἀντίβιον μαχέσασθαι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι·","translation":"to fight him man to man in the dread strife of war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίβιον","lemma":"ἀντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μαχέσασθαι","gloss":"man to man"},{"surface":"μαχέσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of προκάλεσσαι","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αἰνῇ","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δηϊοτῆτι","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτι","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b7-l52","source":"οὐ γάρ πώ τοι μοῖρα θανεῖν καὶ πότμον ἐπισπεῖν·","translation":"For it is not yet your fate to die and meet your doom;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l52.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μοῖρα ... καὶ πότμον","title":"Fate and allotted doom","body":"μοῖρα is one's allotted share, while πότμος is the destiny that overtakes a mortal, especially death. Helenus does not promise Hector safety forever, only that this is not yet his appointed end."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"θανεῖν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπισπεῖν","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἐπισπεῖν","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to meet"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b7-l53","source":"ὣς γὰρ ἐγὼ ὄπʼ ἄκουσα θεῶν αἰειγενετάων.","translation":"for so I heard the voice of the gods who live forever.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄκουσα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄκουσα","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"ὄπ","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσα","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"ἄκουσα","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i heard"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄπ̓","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"αἰειγενετάων","lemma":"αἰειγενέτης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"who live forever"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b7-l54","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἕκτωρ δʼ αὖτε χάρη μέγα μῦθον ἀκούσας,","translation":"So he spoke, and Hector rejoiced greatly to hear his words;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χάρη","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"χάρη","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to χάρη","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσας","gloss":"his words"},{"surface":"ἀκούσας","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χάρη","gloss":"hearing"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b7-l55","source":"καί ῥʼ ἐς μέσσον ἰὼν Τρώων ἀνέεργε φάλαγγας,","translation":"and going into the middle he held back the ranks of the Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"into the middle"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέεργε","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies φάλαγγας","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀνέεργε","lemma":"ἀνείργω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he held back"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέεργε","gloss":"the ranks"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b7-l56","source":"μέσσου δουρὸς ἑλών· οἳ δʼ ἱδρύνθησαν ἅπαντες.","translation":"gripping his spear by the middle; and they all sat down.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέσσου","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at the middle"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλών","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἑλών","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέεργε","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱδρύνθησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱδρύνθησαν","lemma":"ἱδρύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sat down"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b7-l57","source":"κὰδ δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων εἷσεν ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"Agamemnon seated the well-greaved Achaeans as well;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἷσεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"εἷσεν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of εἷσεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b7-l58","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"and Athena and Apollo of the silver bow","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξος","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"silver-bowed"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b7-l59","source":"ἑζέσθην ὄρνισιν ἐοικότες αἰγυπιοῖσι","translation":"sat like birds, like vultures,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑζέσθην","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"the two sat down"},{"surface":"ὄρνισιν","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑζέσθην","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"αἰγυπιοῖσι","lemma":"αἰγυπιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρνισιν","gloss":"vultures"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b7-l60","source":"φηγῷ ἐφʼ ὑψηλῇ πατρὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"on the high oak of father Zeus, bearer of the aegis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φηγῷ","lemma":"φηγός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"oak tree"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ὑψηλῇ","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φηγῷ","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"of father"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φηγῷ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b7-l61","source":"ἀνδράσι τερπόμενοι· τῶν δὲ στίχες εἵατο πυκναὶ","translation":"delighting in the men; their ranks sat close together,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τερπόμενοι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"τερπόμενοι","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑζέσθην","gloss":"delighting"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies στίχες","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στίχες","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἵατο","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"εἵατο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"πυκναὶ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thick, clustered"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b7-l62","source":"ἀσπίσι καὶ κορύθεσσι καὶ ἔγχεσι πεφρικυῖαι.","translation":"bristling with shields and helmets and spears.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίσι","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with shields"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κορύθεσσι","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"helmets"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσι","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"πεφρικυῖαι","lemma":"φρίσσω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to εἵατο","gloss":"bristling"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b7-l63","source":"οἵη δὲ Ζεφύροιο ἐχεύατο πόντον ἔπι φρὶξ","translation":"As a ripple of the West Wind pours over the sea","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l63.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ζεφύροιο ... φρὶξ","title":"The West Wind's ripple","body":"φρίξ is a shiver or ripple, the same root used of hair bristling. The simile turns the massed spear-points into the first dark roughness raised on a calm sea by the West Wind."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἵη","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεφύροιο","lemma":"Ζέφυρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φρὶξ","gloss":"of the West Wind"},{"surface":"ἐχεύατο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"φρὶξ","lemma":"φρίξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχεύατο","gloss":"ripple"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b7-l64","source":"ὀρνυμένοιο νέον, μελάνει δέ τε πόντος ὑπʼ αὐτῆς,","translation":"as the wind newly rises, and the sea grows black beneath it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀρνυμένοιο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀρνυμένοιο","gloss":"newly"},{"surface":"μελάνει","lemma":"μελάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"grows black"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόντος","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μελάνει","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b7-l65","source":"τοῖαι ἄρα στίχες εἵατʼ Ἀχαιῶν τε Τρώων τε","translation":"so sat the ranks of Achaeans and Trojans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖαι","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"just so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"στίχες","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἵατ̓","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"εἵατ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of Achaeans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b7-l66","source":"ἐν πεδίῳ· Ἕκτωρ δὲ μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἔειπε·","translation":"upon the plain; and Hector spoke among both armies:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b7-l67","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"\"Hear me, you Trojans and well-greaved Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b7-l68","source":"ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει.","translation":"that I may speak what the heart in my breast commands.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"i may speak"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κελεύει","gloss":"the heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"my breast"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b7-l69","source":"ὅρκια μὲν Κρονίδης ὑψίζυγος οὐκ ἐτέλεσσεν,","translation":"The son of Cronos, throned on high, did not fulfill the oaths,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅρκια","lemma":"ὅρκιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐτέλεσσεν","gloss":"oaths"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτέλεσσεν","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ὑψίζυγος","lemma":"ὑψίζυγος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίδης","gloss":"throned on high"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"did not"},{"surface":"ἐτέλεσσεν","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fulfilled"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b7-l70","source":"ἀλλὰ κακὰ φρονέων τεκμαίρεται ἀμφοτέροισιν","translation":"but plans evil for both sides","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τεκμαίρεται","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"τεκμαίρεται","lemma":"τεκμαίρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of τεκμαίρεται","gloss":"both sides"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b7-l71","source":"εἰς ὅ κεν ἢ ὑμεῖς Τροίην εὔπυργον ἕλητε","translation":"until either you take well-walled Troy","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"you may"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλητε","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"εὔπυργον","lemma":"εὔπυργος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίην","gloss":"well-walled"},{"surface":"ἕλητε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"take"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b7-l72","source":"ἢ αὐτοὶ παρὰ νηυσὶ δαμείετε ποντοπόροισιν.","translation":"or you yourselves are slain beside your sea-crossing ships.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourselves"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"δαμείετε","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"be slain"},{"surface":"ποντοπόροισιν","lemma":"ποντόπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"seafaring"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b7-l73","source":"ὑμῖν δʼ ἐν γὰρ ἔασιν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν·","translation":"For here among you are the champions of all the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆες","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"the noblest men"},{"surface":"Παναχαιῶν","lemma":"Παναχαιοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστῆες","gloss":"of all the Achaeans"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b7-l74","source":"τῶν νῦν ὅν τινα θυμὸς ἐμοὶ μαχέσασθαι ἀνώγει","translation":"Now let the man among them whose heart urges him to fight me","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴτω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχέσασθαι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μαχέσασθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μαχέσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ἴτω","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b7-l75","source":"δεῦρʼ ἴτω ἐκ πάντων πρόμος ἔμμεναι Ἕκτορι δίῳ.","translation":"come here from them all and stand as champion against godlike Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴτω","gloss":"come here"},{"surface":"ἴτω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him come"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πρόμος","lemma":"πρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"champion"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἴτω","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b7-l76","source":"ὧδε δὲ μυθέομαι, Ζεὺς δʼ ἄμμʼ ἐπιμάρτυρος ἔστω·","translation":"Thus I declare, and let Zeus be witness between us:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μυθέομαι","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μυθέομαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I declare"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ἐπιμάρτυρος","lemma":"ἐπιμάρτυρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"witness"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b7-l77","source":"εἰ μέν κεν ἐμὲ κεῖνος ἕλῃ ταναήκεϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"if that man kills me with long-edged bronze,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕλῃ","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἕλῃ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"kills"},{"surface":"ταναήκεϊ","lemma":"ταναήκης","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"long-edged"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλῃ","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b7-l78","source":"τεύχεα συλήσας φερέτω κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας,","translation":"let him strip my armor and carry it to the hollow ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of συλήσας","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"συλήσας","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φερέτω","gloss":"having stripped"},{"surface":"φερέτω","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him bring"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b7-l79","source":"σῶμα δὲ οἴκαδʼ ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν, ὄφρα πυρός με","translation":"but give my body back to my home, so that when I am dead","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῶμα","lemma":"σῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σῶμα","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δόμεναι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πυρός","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of λελάχωσι","gloss":"of fire"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λελάχωσι","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b7-l80","source":"Τρῶες καὶ Τρώων ἄλοχοι λελάχωσι θανόντα.","translation":"the Trojans and the Trojan wives may grant me my share of fire.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἄλοχοι","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ἄλοχοι","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"λελάχωσι","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may grant a share"},{"surface":"θανόντα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b7-l81","source":"εἰ δέ κʼ ἐγὼ τὸν ἕλω, δώῃ δέ μοι εὖχος Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"But if I kill him, and Apollo grants me glory,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλω","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἕλω","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"I kill him"},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"grants"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δώῃ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b7-l82","source":"τεύχεα σύλησας οἴσω προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρήν,","translation":"I will strip his armor and carry it to sacred Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of σύλησας","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"σύλησας","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴσω","gloss":"having stripped"},{"surface":"οἴσω","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i will bring"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρήν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b7-l83","source":"καὶ κρεμόω προτὶ νηὸν Ἀπόλλωνος ἑκάτοιο,","translation":"and hang it before the temple of Apollo the far-shooter,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l83.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀπόλλωνος ἑκάτοιο","title":"Apollo the far-shooter","body":"ἕκατος is used here as Apollo's substantive byname, \"the far-shooter.\" It remains distinct from ἑκάεργος, \"the far-worker,\" heard earlier in the gods' exchange."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρεμόω","lemma":"κρεμάννυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hang"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"νηὸν","lemma":"ναός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προτὶ","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νηὸν","gloss":"of Apollo"},{"surface":"ἑκάτοιο","lemma":"ἕκατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"far-shooter"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b7-l84","source":"τὸν δὲ νέκυν ἐπὶ νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀποδώσω,","translation":"but I will give his corpse back beside the well-benched ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies νέκυν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νέκυν","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποδώσω","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμους","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"ἀποδώσω","lemma":"ἀποδίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give back"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b7-l85","source":"ὄφρά ἑ ταρχύσωσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"so that the long-haired Achaeans may give him funeral rites","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ταρχύσωσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ταρχύσωσι","lemma":"ταρχύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τέ","gloss":"perform funeral rites"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κομόωντες","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"wearing long hair"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τέ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b7-l86","source":"σῆμά τέ οἱ χεύωσιν ἐπὶ πλατεῖ Ἑλλησπόντῳ.","translation":"and heap up his mound beside the broad Hellespont.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῆμά","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χεύωσιν","gloss":"a tomb"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χεύωσιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"χεύωσιν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τέ","gloss":"heap up"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πλατεῖ","lemma":"πλατύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλλησπόντῳ","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"Ἑλλησπόντῳ","lemma":"Ἑλλήσποντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"Hellespont"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b7-l87","source":"καί ποτέ τις εἴπῃσι καὶ ὀψιγόνων ἀνθρώπων","translation":"Then someday one among men born hereafter will say,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to εἴπῃσι","gloss":"someday"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπῃσι","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"εἴπῃσι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might say"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὀψιγόνων","lemma":"ὀψίγονος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"later-born"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b7-l88","source":"νηῒ πολυκλήϊδι πλέων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον·","translation":"sailing in a many-benched ship over the wine-dark sea:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πλέων","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"πολυκλήϊδι","lemma":"πολυκλήις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"many-oared"},{"surface":"πλέων","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴπῃσι","gloss":"sailing"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"οἴνοπα","lemma":"οἶνοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"wine-dark"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b7-l89","source":"ἀνδρὸς μὲν τόδε σῆμα πάλαι κατατεθνηῶτος,","translation":"‘This is the mound of a man who died long ago,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mound"},{"surface":"πάλαι","lemma":"πάλαι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατατεθνηῶτος","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"κατατεθνηῶτος","lemma":"καταθνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"long dead"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b7-l90","source":"ὅν ποτʼ ἀριστεύοντα κατέκτανε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"a champion whom glorious Hector once killed.’","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέκτανε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to κατέκτανε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἀριστεύοντα","lemma":"ἀριστεύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"was ever foremost"},{"surface":"κατέκτανε","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέκτανε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b7-l91","source":"ὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· τὸ δʼ ἐμὸν κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται.","translation":"So one will someday say; and my fame shall never perish.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l91.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"Kleos that does not perish","body":"κλέος is fame carried in what later people hear and say. Hector imagines an enemy's tomb preserving his own name, a compact picture of the heroic hunger for imperishable renown."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρέει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐρέει","gloss":"someday"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρέει","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἐρέει","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will say"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀλεῖται","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ὀλεῖται","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ὀλεῖται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall perish"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b7-l92","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ·","translation":"So he spoke, and they all became still in silence;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l92.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀκὴν ... σιωπῇ","title":"Still in silence","body":"Homer doubles the idea: ἀκήν means \"quiet, still,\" while σιωπῇ means \"in silence.\" The tautness makes the armies' refusal to answer Hector feel collective and absolute."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b7-l93","source":"αἴδεσθεν μὲν ἀνήνασθαι, δεῖσαν δʼ ὑποδέχθαι·","translation":"they were ashamed to refuse, but afraid to accept.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴδεσθεν","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were ashamed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἀνήνασθαι","lemma":"ἀναίνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of αἴδεσθεν","gloss":"to refuse"},{"surface":"δεῖσαν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were afraid"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑποδέχθαι","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δεῖσαν","gloss":"to accept"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b7-l94","source":"ὀψὲ δὲ δὴ Μενέλαος ἀνίστατο καὶ μετέειπε","translation":"At last Menelaus rose and spoke among them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀψὲ","lemma":"ὀψέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνίστατο","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἀνίστατο","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among them"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b7-l95","source":"νείκει ὀνειδίζων, μέγα δὲ στεναχίζετο θυμῷ·","translation":"rebuking them with taunts, and groaning deeply in his heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νείκει","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὀνειδίζων","gloss":"with taunts"},{"surface":"ὀνειδίζων","lemma":"ὀνειδίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετέειπε","gloss":"reviling"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζετο","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στεναχίζετο","lemma":"στεναχίζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζετο","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b7-l96","source":"ὤ μοι ἀπειλητῆρες Ἀχαιΐδες οὐκέτʼ Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"\"Ah, braggarts, Achaean women, no longer Achaeans!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀπειλητῆρες","lemma":"ἀπειλητήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"braggarts"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιΐδες","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"achaean women"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b7-l97","source":"ἦ μὲν δὴ λώβη τάδε γʼ ἔσσεται αἰνόθεν αἰνῶς","translation":"This will surely be a dreadful disgrace, dreadful beyond measure,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"λώβη","lemma":"λώβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"αἰνόθεν","lemma":"αἰνόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"beyond measure"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"terribly"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b7-l98","source":"εἰ μή τις Δαναῶν νῦν Ἕκτορος ἀντίος εἶσιν.","translation":"if no Danaan now goes out against Hector.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶσιν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶσιν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀντίος","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"εἶσιν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"goes"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b7-l99","source":"ἀλλʼ ὑμεῖς μὲν πάντες ὕδωρ καὶ γαῖα γένοισθε","translation":"May you all become water and earth,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of γένοισθε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and yet, indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑμεῖς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"γένοισθε","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"become"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b7-l100","source":"ἥμενοι αὖθι ἕκαστοι ἀκήριοι ἀκλεὲς αὔτως·","translation":"sitting there each of you, spiritless, inglorious, good for nothing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενοι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to γένοισθε","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥμενοι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἕκαστοι","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ἀκήριοι","lemma":"ἀκήριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"spiritless"},{"surface":"ἀκλεὲς","lemma":"ἀκλεής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"inglorious"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοισθε","gloss":"for nothing"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b7-l101","source":"τῷδε δʼ ἐγὼν αὐτὸς θωρήξομαι· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε","translation":"Against this man I myself will arm; but from above","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θωρήξομαι","gloss":"against this man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θωρήξομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"i myself"},{"surface":"θωρήξομαι","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will arm myself"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ἔχονται","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b7-l102","source":"νίκης πείρατʼ ἔχονται ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν.","translation":"the cords of victory are held among the immortal gods.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l102.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νίκης πείρατʼ","title":"The cords of victory","body":"πείρατα are cords, bonds, or controlling limits. Menelaus pictures the gods above as holding the lines on which the duel's outcome depends."}],"words":[{"surface":"νίκης","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πείρατ̓","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"πείρατ","lemma":"πεῖραρ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχονται","gloss":"the cords"},{"surface":"ἔχονται","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are held"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b7-l103","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας κατεδύσετο τεύχεα καλά.","translation":"So speaking, he put on his fine armor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατεδύσετο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"κατεδύσετο","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατεδύσετο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b7-l104","source":"ἔνθά κέ τοι Μενέλαε φάνη βιότοιο τελευτὴ","translation":"Then, Menelaus, the end of life would have appeared to you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l104.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τοι Μενέλαε","title":"The poet addresses Menelaus","body":"The narrator suddenly turns to Menelaus in the second person, \"to you, Menelaus.\" This rare apostrophe pulls the listener close to the instant when his death almost occurs."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάνη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of φάνη","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"βιότοιο","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τελευτὴ","gloss":"of life"},{"surface":"τελευτὴ","lemma":"τελευτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"end of life"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b7-l105","source":"Ἕκτορος ἐν παλάμῃσιν, ἐπεὶ πολὺ φέρτερος ἦεν,","translation":"at Hector's hands, since he was far stronger,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παλάμῃσιν","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσιν","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φέρτερος","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he was"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b7-l106","source":"εἰ μὴ ἀναΐξαντες ἕλον βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"had not the kings of the Achaeans sprung up and seized you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξαντες","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλον","gloss":"springing up"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"seized, took"},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλον","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b7-l107","source":"αὐτός τʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"and the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon himself, son of Atreus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"wide-ruling"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b7-l108","source":"δεξιτερῆς ἕλε χειρὸς ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"caught your right hand and spoke, and called you by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιτερῆς","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by name"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b7-l109","source":"ἀφραίνεις Μενέλαε διοτρεφές, οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ","translation":"\"You are mad, Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus; there is no need","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l109.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Μενέλαε διοτρεφές","title":"Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus","body":"διοτρεφής praises a king as \"nurtured of Zeus,\" grounding royal standing in the god. It is not the same word as διογενής, \"sprung from Zeus.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφραίνεις","lemma":"ἀφραίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are mad"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"διοτρεφές","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"need"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b7-l110","source":"ταύτης ἀφροσύνης· ἀνὰ δὲ σχέο κηδόμενός περ,","translation":"for this folly. Hold yourself back, though you are grieved,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταύτης","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀφροσύνης","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀφροσύνης","lemma":"ἀφροσύνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"folly"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and, for"},{"surface":"σχέο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold yourself"},{"surface":"κηδόμενός","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σχέο","gloss":"grieved"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b7-l111","source":"μηδʼ ἔθελʼ ἐξ ἔριδος σεῦ ἀμείνονι φωτὶ μάχεσθαι","translation":"and do not, from rivalry, wish to fight a man better than you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔθελ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"rivalry"},{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀμείνονι","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"ἀμείνονι","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"dative singular comparative adjective","role":"modifies φωτὶ","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"φωτὶ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελ̓","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b7-l112","source":"Ἕκτορι Πριαμίδῃ, τόν τε στυγέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι.","translation":"Hector, son of Priam, whom others too hold in dread.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδῃ","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of στυγέουσι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"στυγέουσι","lemma":"στυγέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἕκτορι","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of στυγέουσι","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b7-l113","source":"καὶ δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς τούτῳ γε μάχῃ ἔνι κυδιανείρῃ","translation":"Even Achilles shudders to meet this man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρριγ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"τούτῳ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀντιβολῆσαι","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κυδιανείρῃ","lemma":"κυδιάνειρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μάχῃ","gloss":"bringing men glory"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b7-l114","source":"ἔρριγʼ ἀντιβολῆσαι, ὅ περ σέο πολλὸν ἀμείνων.","translation":"in the battle that brings men glory, though he is far better than you.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρριγ","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shudders"},{"surface":"ἀντιβολῆσαι","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔρριγ̓","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀμείνων","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b7-l115","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν ἵζευ ἰὼν μετὰ ἔθνος ἑταίρων,","translation":"Go now and sit among the company of your comrades,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἵζευ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵζευ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἵζευ","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵζευ","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b7-l116","source":"τούτῳ δὲ πρόμον ἄλλον ἀναστήσουσιν Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"and the Achaeans will raise another champion against him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τούτῳ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀναστήσουσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόμον","lemma":"πρόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀναστήσουσιν","gloss":"a champion"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πρόμον","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἀναστήσουσιν","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will raise"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀναστήσουσιν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b7-l117","source":"εἴ περ ἀδειής τʼ ἐστὶ καὶ εἰ μόθου ἔστʼ ἀκόρητος,","translation":"Though he is fearless and insatiate for the clash,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l117.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μόθου ... ἀκόρητος","title":"Insatiate for the clash","body":"ἀκόρητος means \"unable to be sated.\" Hector is imagined as a fighter who cannot get his fill of μόθος, the close press and turmoil of battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἀδειής","lemma":"ἀδεής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fearless"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"and if"},{"surface":"μόθου","lemma":"μόθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀκόρητος","gloss":"clash"},{"surface":"ἔστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀκόρητος","lemma":"ἀκόρητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"insatiate"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b7-l118","source":"φημί μιν ἀσπασίως γόνυ κάμψειν, αἴ κε φύγῃσι","translation":"I say he will gladly bend his knee, if he escapes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φημί","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i say"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάμψειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀσπασίως","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάμψειν","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"γόνυ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κάμψειν","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"κάμψειν","lemma":"κάμπτω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φημί","gloss":"will bend"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"φύγῃσι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"escapes"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b7-l119","source":"δηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο καὶ αἰνῆς δηϊοτῆτος.","translation":"from the hostile war and the dread strife of battle.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηΐου","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνῆς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δηϊοτῆτος","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτος","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b7-l120","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν παρέπεισεν ἀδελφειοῦ φρένας ἥρως","translation":"So speaking, the hero swayed his brother's mind","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέπεισεν","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"παρέπεισεν","lemma":"παραπείθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"persuaded"},{"surface":"ἀδελφειοῦ","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of παρέπεισεν","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of παρέπεισεν","gloss":"the hero"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b7-l121","source":"αἴσιμα παρειπών, ὃ δʼ ἐπείθετο· τοῦ μὲν ἔπειτα","translation":"with fitting counsel, and he obeyed; then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴσιμα","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of παρειπών","gloss":"fitting"},{"surface":"παρειπών","lemma":"παρεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέπεισεν","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπείθετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπείθετο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοντο","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b7-l122","source":"γηθόσυνοι θεράποντες ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο·","translation":"his joyful attendants took the armor from his shoulders.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γηθόσυνοι","lemma":"γηθόσυνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἕλοντο","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλοντο","gloss":"attendants"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"the armor"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b7-l123","source":"Νέστωρ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀνίστατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"Then Nestor rose among the Argives and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"among the Argives"},{"surface":"ἀνίστατο","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b7-l124","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα πένθος Ἀχαιΐδα γαῖαν ἱκάνει.","translation":"\"Ah me, truly great grief has come upon the land of Achaea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιΐδα","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"Achaean"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b7-l125","source":"ἦ κε μέγʼ οἰμώξειε γέρων ἱππηλάτα Πηλεὺς","translation":"Old Peleus the horseman would surely groan aloud,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l125.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἱππηλάτα Πηλεὺς","title":"Peleus the horseman","body":"ἱππηλάτης is a driver or horseman, from ἐλαύνω, \"drive.\" It is kept distinct from ἱπποδάμος, \"tamer of horses,\" a different compound used of other heroes."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to οἰμώξειε","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"οἰμώξειε","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would groan"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ἱππηλάτα","lemma":"ἱππηλάτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεὺς","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Πηλεὺς","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Peleus"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b7-l126","source":"ἐσθλὸς Μυρμιδόνων βουληφόρος ἠδʼ ἀγορητής,","translation":"the noble counselor and speaker of the Myrmidons,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνων","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"of the Myrmidons"},{"surface":"βουληφόρος","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγορητής","lemma":"ἀγορητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"speaker"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b7-l127","source":"ὅς ποτέ μʼ εἰρόμενος μέγʼ ἐγήθεεν ᾧ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ","translation":"who once questioned me and rejoiced greatly in his house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγήθεεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐγήθεεν","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰρόμενος","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἰρόμενος","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐγήθεεν","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐγήθεεν","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἐγήθεεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b7-l128","source":"πάντων Ἀργείων ἐρέων γενεήν τε τόκον τε.","translation":"asking the lineage and birth of all the Argives.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργείων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἐρέων","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐγήθεεν","gloss":"asking"},{"surface":"γενεήν","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόκον","lemma":"τόκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"birth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b7-l129","source":"τοὺς νῦν εἰ πτώσσοντας ὑφʼ Ἕκτορι πάντας ἀκούσαι,","translation":"If he heard now that all of them cower before Hector,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκούσαι","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκούσαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πτώσσοντας","lemma":"πτώσσω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"cowering"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑφ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοὺς","gloss":"all of them"},{"surface":"ἀκούσαι","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"he might hear"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b7-l130","source":"πολλά κεν ἀθανάτοισι φίλας ἀνὰ χεῖρας ἀείραι","translation":"often would he lift his dear hands to the immortals","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀείραι","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀείραι","gloss":"to the immortals"},{"surface":"φίλας","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀείραι","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀείραι","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would lift"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b7-l131","source":"θυμὸν ἀπὸ μελέων δῦναι δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω.","translation":"and pray that his spirit leave his limbs and enter the house of Hades.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῦναι","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μελέων","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"δῦναι","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἀείραι","gloss":"to enter"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδος","lemma":"Αἵδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b7-l132","source":"αἲ γὰρ Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον","translation":"Would that, father Zeus, and Athena, and Apollo,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄπολλον","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b7-l133","source":"ἡβῷμʼ ὡς ὅτʼ ἐπʼ ὠκυρόῳ Κελάδοντι μάχοντο","translation":"I were young, as when beside the swift-flowing Celadon the","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡβῷμ","lemma":"ἡβάω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were young"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ὠκυρόῳ","lemma":"ὠκύροος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κελάδοντι","gloss":"swift-running"},{"surface":"Κελάδοντι","lemma":"Κελάδων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"Celadon"},{"surface":"μάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b7-l134","source":"ἀγρόμενοι Πύλιοί τε καὶ Ἀρκάδες ἐγχεσίμωροι","translation":"assembled Pylians and spear-fighting Arcadians battled","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγρόμενοι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"assembled"},{"surface":"Πύλιοί","lemma":"Πύλιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Pylians"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀρκάδες","lemma":"Ἀρκάς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"arcadian"},{"surface":"ἐγχεσίμωροι","lemma":"ἐγχεσίμωρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρκάδες","gloss":"spear-fighting"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b7-l135","source":"Φειᾶς πὰρ τείχεσσιν Ἰαρδάνου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα.","translation":"beside the walls of Pheia, around the streams of the Iardanus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φειᾶς","lemma":"Φειά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τείχεσσιν","gloss":"Pheia"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τείχεσσιν","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"Ἰαρδάνου","lemma":"Ἰάρδανος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"Iardanus"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b7-l136","source":"τοῖσι δʼ Ἐρευθαλίων πρόμος ἵστατο ἰσόθεος φὼς","translation":"Against them Ereuthalion stood as champion, a godlike man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵστατο","gloss":"against them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐρευθαλίων","lemma":"Ἐρευθαλίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ereuthalion"},{"surface":"πρόμος","lemma":"πρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"champion"},{"surface":"ἵστατο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἰσόθεος","lemma":"ἰσόθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φὼς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"φὼς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b7-l137","source":"τεύχεʼ ἔχων ὤμοισιν Ἀρηϊθόοιο ἄνακτος","translation":"wearing on his shoulders the armor of King Areithous,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"the armor"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵστατο","gloss":"wearing"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"his shoulders"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀρηϊθόου","gloss":"the lord"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b7-l138","source":"δίου Ἀρηϊθόου, τὸν ἐπίκλησιν κορυνήτην","translation":"godlike Areithous, whom by the surname Mace-man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίου","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρηϊθόου","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κίκλησκον","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἐπίκλησιν","lemma":"ἐπίκλησις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κίκλησκον","gloss":"by surname"},{"surface":"κορυνήτην","lemma":"κορυνήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of κίκλησκον","gloss":"Mace-man"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b7-l139","source":"ἄνδρες κίκλησκον καλλίζωνοί τε γυναῖκες","translation":"men and fair-girdled women used to call,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κίκλησκον","lemma":"κικλήσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀρηϊθόου","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"καλλίζωνοί","lemma":"καλλίζωνος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies γυναῖκες","gloss":"fair-girdled"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b7-l140","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἄρʼ οὐ τόξοισι μαχέσκετο δουρί τε μακρῷ,","translation":"because he never fought with bow or long spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l140.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μαχέσκετο","title":"Repeated action in -sk-","body":"μαχέσκετο and the next line's ῥήγνυσκε carry the iterative -σκ- suffix: this was Areithous's habitual way of fighting, not one isolated feat."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"τόξοισι","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"μαχέσκετο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μακρῷ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρί","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b7-l141","source":"ἀλλὰ σιδηρείῃ κορύνῃ ῥήγνυσκε φάλαγγας.","translation":"but broke the ranks with an iron mace.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σιδηρείῃ","lemma":"σιδήρεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κορύνῃ","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"κορύνῃ","lemma":"κορύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ῥήγνυσκε","gloss":"mace"},{"surface":"ῥήγνυσκε","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ῥήγνυσκε","gloss":"the ranks"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b7-l142","source":"τὸν Λυκόοργος ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε,","translation":"Lycurgus killed him by guile, not at all by strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπεφνε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Λυκόοργος","lemma":"Λυκοῦργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπεφνε","gloss":"Lycurgus"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"δόλῳ","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"by guile"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not at all"},{"surface":"κράτεΐ","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b7-l143","source":"στεινωπῷ ἐν ὁδῷ ὅθʼ ἄρʼ οὐ κορύνη οἱ ὄλεθρον","translation":"in a narrow road, where his iron mace could not ward","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στεινωπῷ","lemma":"στενωπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδῷ","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὁδῷ","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χραῖσμε","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κορύνη","lemma":"κορύνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of χραῖσμε","gloss":"mace"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χραῖσμε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χραῖσμε","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b7-l144","source":"χραῖσμε σιδηρείη· πρὶν γὰρ Λυκόοργος ὑποφθὰς","translation":"off destruction; for Lycurgus struck first","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χραῖσμε","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὁδῷ","gloss":"could ward off"},{"surface":"σιδηρείη","lemma":"σιδήρεος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κορύνη","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περόνησεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Λυκόοργος","lemma":"Λυκοῦργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of περόνησεν","gloss":"Lycurgus"},{"surface":"ὑποφθὰς","lemma":"ὑποφθάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to περόνησεν","gloss":"getting in first"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b7-l145","source":"δουρὶ μέσον περόνησεν, ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος οὔδει ἐρείσθη·","translation":"and pierced him through the middle with his spear; he fell on his back upon the ground.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περόνησεν","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of περόνησεν","gloss":"through the middle"},{"surface":"περόνησεν","lemma":"περονάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρείσθη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπτιος","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"backward, on his back"},{"surface":"οὔδει","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρείσθη","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἐρείσθη","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b7-l146","source":"τεύχεα δʼ ἐξενάριξε, τά οἱ πόρε χάλκεος Ἄρης.","translation":"Then he stripped away the armor bronze Ares had given him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τεύχεα","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"χάλκεος","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πόρε","gloss":"ares"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b7-l147","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν αὐτὸς ἔπειτα φόρει μετὰ μῶλον Ἄρηος·","translation":"He himself wore it afterward in the battle of Ares;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φόρει","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φόρει","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"φόρει","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μῶλον","lemma":"μῶλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῶλον","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b7-l148","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Λυκόοργος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἐγήρα,","translation":"but when Lycurgus grew old within his halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Λυκόοργος","lemma":"Λυκοῦργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐγήρα","gloss":"Lycurgus"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"his halls"},{"surface":"ἐγήρα","lemma":"γηράσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had grown old"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b7-l149","source":"δῶκε δʼ Ἐρευθαλίωνι φίλῳ θεράποντι φορῆναι·","translation":"he gave it to his dear attendant Ereuthalion to wear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐρευθαλίωνι","lemma":"Ἐρευθαλίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Ereuthalion"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντι","gloss":"his dear"},{"surface":"θεράποντι","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"φορῆναι","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"to wear"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b7-l150","source":"τοῦ ὅ γε τεύχεʼ ἔχων προκαλίζετο πάντας ἀρίστους.","translation":"Wearing Lycurgus's armor, Ereuthalion challenged all the champions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔχων","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προκαλίζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προκαλίζετο","gloss":"wearing"},{"surface":"προκαλίζετο","lemma":"προκαλίζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"challenged"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of προκαλίζετο","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b7-l151","source":"οἳ δὲ μάλʼ ἐτρόμεον καὶ ἐδείδισαν, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη·","translation":"They trembled greatly and were afraid, and no one dared;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἐτρόμεον","lemma":"τρομέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδείδισαν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feared"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλη","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"ἔτλη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b7-l152","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ θυμὸς ἀνῆκε πολυτλήμων πολεμίζειν","translation":"but my much-enduring spirit drove me to fight him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l152.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θυμὸς ... πολυτλήμων","title":"A much-enduring spirit","body":"πολυτλήμων, \"much-enduring\" or \"daring much,\" modifies Nestor's θυμός, his driving spirit. The epithet makes courage here a capacity to bear what all the others fear."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πολεμίζειν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκε","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"πολυτλήμων","lemma":"πολυτλήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"much-enduring"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b7-l153","source":"θάρσεϊ ᾧ· γενεῇ δὲ νεώτατος ἔσκον ἁπάντων·","translation":"in my courage; and by birth I was the youngest of them all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσεϊ","lemma":"θάρσος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πολεμίζειν","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάρσεϊ","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"γενεῇ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσκον","gloss":"by birth"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεώτατος","lemma":"νεώτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"youngest"},{"surface":"ἔσκον","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i was"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νεώτατος","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b7-l154","source":"καὶ μαχόμην οἱ ἐγώ, δῶκεν δέ μοι εὖχος Ἀθήνη.","translation":"I fought him, and Athena granted me glory.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαχόμην","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μαχόμην","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχόμην","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b7-l155","source":"τὸν δὴ μήκιστον καὶ κάρτιστον κτάνον ἄνδρα·","translation":"Then I killed him, the tallest and strongest man;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτάνον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μήκιστον","lemma":"μήκιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"tallest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρτιστον","lemma":"κράτιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"strongest"},{"surface":"κτάνον","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i killed"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b7-l156","source":"πολλὸς γάρ τις ἔκειτο παρήορος ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα.","translation":"huge he lay there, sprawling far on either side.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παρήορος","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies παρήορος","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἔκειτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"παρήορος","lemma":"παρήορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sprawling"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b7-l157","source":"εἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι, βίη δέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη·","translation":"Would that I were young as then, and my strength stayed firm;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l157.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴθʼ ... ἡβώοιμι ... εἴη","title":"An unattainable wish","body":"εἴθε with the optatives ἡβώοιμι and εἴη voices Nestor's wish to recover youth and strength. The optative keeps the wish outside present reality."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἡβώοιμι","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἡβώοιμι","lemma":"ἡβάω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were young"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδος","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b7-l158","source":"τώ κε τάχʼ ἀντήσειε μάχης κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"then Hector of the flashing helm would soon find battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀντήσειε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀντήσειε","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ἀντήσειε","lemma":"ἀντάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would meet"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀντήσειε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀντήσειε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b7-l159","source":"ὑμέων δʼ οἵ περ ἔασιν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν","translation":"But of you who are the champions of all Achaea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμέων","lemma":"ὑμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἵ","gloss":"of you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἳ","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆες","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the noblest men"},{"surface":"Παναχαιῶν","lemma":"Παναχαιοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστῆες","gloss":"of all the Achaeans"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b7-l160","source":"οὐδʼ οἳ προφρονέως μέμαθʼ Ἕκτορος ἀντίον ἐλθεῖν.","translation":"not even you are eager to go out against Hector.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μέμαθ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"προφρονέως","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμαθ̓","gloss":"wholeheartedly"},{"surface":"μέμαθ","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are eager"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλθεῖν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐλθεῖν","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μέμαθ̓","gloss":"to go"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b7-l161","source":"ὣς νείκεσσʼ ὃ γέρων, οἳ δʼ ἐννέα πάντες ἀνέσταν.","translation":"So the old man rebuked them, and all nine rose.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νείκεσσ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"νείκεσσ","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νείκεσσ̓","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέσταν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀνέσταν","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b7-l162","source":"ὦρτο πολὺ πρῶτος μὲν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων,","translation":"First by far arose Agamemnon, lord of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b7-l163","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδης ὦρτο κρατερὸς Διομήδης,","translation":"and after him arose mighty Diomedes, son of Tydeus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b7-l164","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Αἴαντες θοῦριν ἐπιειμένοι ἀλκήν,","translation":"after them the two Ajaxes, clothed in furious valor;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l164.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Αἴαντες","title":"The two Ajaxes","body":"Αἴαντες is the nominative plural of Αἴας, Ajax: the plural names the poem's two warriors of that name, Ajax son of Telamon and Ajax son of Oileus. English supplies \"the two\" to make the paired referents explicit; unlike Αἴαντε elsewhere, this form is not grammatically dual."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Αἴαντες","lemma":"αἴας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the Ajaxes"},{"surface":"θοῦριν","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκήν","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἐπιειμένοι","lemma":"ἐπιέννυμι","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Αἴαντες","gloss":"clothed in"},{"surface":"ἀλκήν","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιειμένοι","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b7-l165","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Ἰδομενεὺς καὶ ὀπάων Ἰδομενῆος","translation":"after them Idomeneus and the companion of Idomeneus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"̓ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀπάων","lemma":"ὀπάων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀπάων","gloss":"of Idomeneus"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b7-l166","source":"Μηριόνης ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ,","translation":"Meriones, the equal of man-slaying Enyalius;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l166.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ","title":"Equal to man-slaying Enyalius","body":"Meriones is called the equal of Enyalius, a war-god identified closely with Ares. ἀνδρειφόντης, \"man-slaying,\" keeps the comparison fixed on deadly battle prowess."}],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"the equal"},{"surface":"Ἐνυαλίῳ","lemma":"Ἐνυάλιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"Enyalius"},{"surface":"ἀνδρειφόντῃ","lemma":"ἀνδρειφόντης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἐνυαλίῳ","gloss":"man-slaying"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b7-l167","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Εὐρύπυλος Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός,","translation":"after them Eurypylus, the glorious son of Euaemon;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"Εὐαίμονος","lemma":"Εὐαίμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Euaemon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b7-l168","source":"ἂν δὲ Θόας Ἀνδραιμονίδης καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"and Thoas, son of Andraemon, and godlike Odysseus rose.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θόας","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thoas"},{"surface":"Ἀνδραιμονίδης","lemma":"Ἀνδραιμονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Θόας","gloss":"son of Andraemon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b7-l169","source":"πάντες ἄρʼ οἵ γʼ ἔθελον πολεμίζειν Ἕκτορι δίῳ.","translation":"All of them were willing to fight godlike Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἵ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθελον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔθελον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were willing"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελον","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πολεμίζειν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b7-l170","source":"τοῖς δʼ αὖτις μετέειπε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, spoke to them again:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέειπε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"the Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b7-l171","source":"κλήρῳ νῦν πεπάλασθε διαμπερὲς ὅς κε λάχῃσιν·","translation":"\"Now shake the lots thoroughly, to see who may be chosen;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλήρῳ","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πεπάλασθε","gloss":"by lot"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπάλασθε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πεπάλασθε","lemma":"παλάσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shake the lots"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπάλασθε","gloss":"thoroughly"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λάχῃσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"λάχῃσιν","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object","gloss":"may be chosen"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b7-l172","source":"οὗτος γὰρ δὴ ὀνήσει ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"for that man will aid the well-greaved Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὀνήσει","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀνήσει","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will save, benefit"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀνήσει","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b7-l173","source":"καὶ δʼ αὐτὸς ὃν θυμὸν ὀνήσεται αἴ κε φύγῃσι","translation":"and he will aid his own spirit too, if he escapes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀνήσεται","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ὀνήσεται","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will benefit"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"φύγῃσι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"escapes"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b7-l174","source":"δηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο καὶ αἰνῆς δηϊοτῆτος.","translation":"from the hostile war and the dread strife of battle.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηΐου","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνῆς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δηϊοτῆτος","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτος","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b7-l175","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ κλῆρον ἐσημήναντο ἕκαστος,","translation":"So he spoke, and each man marked his lot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσημήναντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλῆρον","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐσημήναντο","gloss":"lot"},{"surface":"ἐσημήναντο","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marked"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each man"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b7-l176","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔβαλον κυνέῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο.","translation":"and they cast them into the helmet of Agamemnon, son of Atreus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβαλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they cast"},{"surface":"κυνέῃ","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κυνέῃ","gloss":"of Agamemnon"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"son of Atreus"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b7-l177","source":"λαοὶ δʼ ἠρήσαντο, θεοῖσι δὲ χεῖρας ἀνέσχον·","translation":"And the armies prayed, and lifted their hands to the gods,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"armies"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠρήσαντο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνέσχον","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέσχον","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνέσχον","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b7-l178","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν·","translation":"and thus would one say, looking up to the broad sky:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l178.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴπεσκεν","title":"What one would keep saying","body":"εἴπεσκεν carries the iterative -σκ- suffix: this is not one named speaker's prayer but what one man after another would say as the lots were shaken."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"εὐρύν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b7-l179","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ ἢ Αἴαντα λαχεῖν, ἢ Τυδέος υἱόν,","translation":"\"Father Zeus, let Ajax be chosen, or the son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"λαχεῖν","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"be chosen"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"the son"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b7-l180","source":"ἢ αὐτὸν βασιλῆα πολυχρύσοιο Μυκήνης.","translation":"or the king of gold-rich Mycenae himself.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"the king"},{"surface":"πολυχρύσοιο","lemma":"πολύχρυσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μυκήνης","gloss":"gold-rich"},{"surface":"Μυκήνης","lemma":"Μυκήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βασιλῆα","gloss":"Mycenae"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b7-l181","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν, πάλλεν δὲ Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ,","translation":"So they spoke, and Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, shook the helmet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they spoke"},{"surface":"πάλλεν","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"the Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πάλλεν","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b7-l182","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἔθορε κλῆρος κυνέης ὃν ἄρʼ ἤθελον αὐτοὶ","translation":"and from it sprang the lot they themselves desired,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθορε","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"κλῆρος","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθορε","gloss":"lot"},{"surface":"κυνέης","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθορε","gloss":"from the helmet"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤθελον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κλῆρος","gloss":"they wished"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b7-l183","source":"Αἴαντος· κῆρυξ δὲ φέρων ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἁπάντῃ","translation":"the lot of Ajax; the herald carried it everywhere through the throng","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλῆρος","gloss":"of Ajax"},{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δεῖξ̓","gloss":"the herald"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δεῖξ̓","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἁπάντῃ","lemma":"ἁπάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρων","gloss":"everywhere"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b7-l184","source":"δεῖξʼ ἐνδέξια πᾶσιν ἀριστήεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"and showed it from left to right to all the champions of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῖξ","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"ἐνδέξια","lemma":"ἐνδέξιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δεῖξ̓","gloss":"to the right"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστήεσσιν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"ἀριστήεσσιν","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δεῖξ̓","gloss":"champions"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστήεσσιν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b7-l185","source":"οἳ δʼ οὐ γιγνώσκοντες ἀπηνήναντο ἕκαστος.","translation":"Not recognizing it, each one refused it.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γιγνώσκοντες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γιγνώσκοντες","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπηνήναντο","gloss":"recognizing"},{"surface":"ἀπηνήναντο","lemma":"ἀπαναίνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"refused it"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b7-l186","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸν ἵκανε φέρων ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἁπάντῃ","translation":"But when, carrying it everywhere through the throng, he reached the man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκανε","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκανε","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἁπάντῃ","lemma":"ἁπάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρων","gloss":"everywhere"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b7-l187","source":"ὅς μιν ἐπιγράψας κυνέῃ βάλε φαίδιμος Αἴας,","translation":"who had marked it and cast it in the helmet, glorious Ajax,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἐπιγράψας","lemma":"ἐπιγράφω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"having marked"},{"surface":"κυνέῃ","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b7-l188","source":"ἤτοι ὑπέσχεθε χεῖρʼ, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔμβαλεν ἄγχι παραστάς,","translation":"Ajax held out his hand, and the herald standing close placed it there.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑπέσχεθε","lemma":"ὑποσχέθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held out"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπέσχεθε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμβαλεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλεν","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παραστάς","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"παραστάς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμβαλεν","gloss":"standing beside"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b7-l189","source":"γνῶ δὲ κλήρου σῆμα ἰδών, γήθησε δὲ θυμῷ.","translation":"He knew the mark when he saw it, and rejoiced in his heart.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνῶ","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλήρου","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"of the lot"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδών","gloss":"mark"},{"surface":"ἰδών","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γνῶ","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"γήθησε","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γήθησε","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b7-l190","source":"τὸν μὲν πὰρ πόδʼ ἑὸν χαμάδις βάλε φώνησέν τε·","translation":"He cast the lot to the ground beside his foot and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πόδ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδ̓","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"χαμάδις","lemma":"χαμάδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"and spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b7-l191","source":"ὦ φίλοι ἤτοι κλῆρος ἐμός, χαίρω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς","translation":"\"Friends, the lot is mine, and I myself rejoice","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλῆρος","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lot"},{"surface":"ἐμός","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"χαίρω","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoice"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"i myself"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b7-l192","source":"θυμῷ, ἐπεὶ δοκέω νικησέμεν Ἕκτορα δῖον.","translation":"in my heart, since I think I shall defeat godlike Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χαίρω","gloss":"in my heart"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δοκέω","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"νικησέμεν","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέω","gloss":"shall defeat"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νικησέμεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b7-l193","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼ πολεμήϊα τεύχεα δύω,","translation":"But come, while I put on my armor of war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l193.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὄφρʼ","title":"While ... meanwhile","body":"ὄφρα opens Ajax's action, and τόφρα in the next line answers it: \"while I arm, meanwhile you pray.\" The paired temporal words hold the two actions over the same span."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγετ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"i may"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύω","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"πολεμήϊα","lemma":"πολεμήιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δύω","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"i put on"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b7-l194","source":"τόφρʼ ὑμεῖς εὔχεσθε Διὶ Κρονίωνι ἄνακτι","translation":"meanwhile pray to lord Zeus, son of Cronos,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρ","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχεσθε","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχεσθε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εὔχεσθε","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pray"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔχεσθε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b7-l195","source":"σιγῇ ἐφʼ ὑμείων ἵνα μὴ Τρῶές γε πύθωνται,","translation":"silently among yourselves, so that the Trojans do not hear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σιγῇ","lemma":"σιγή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὑμείων","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive plural pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Τρῶές","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πύθωνται","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πύθωνται","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"find out"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b7-l196","source":"ἠὲ καὶ ἀμφαδίην, ἐπεὶ οὔ τινα δείδιμεν ἔμπης·","translation":"or openly too, since we fear no one at all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἀμφαδίην","lemma":"ἀμφάδιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"openly"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δείδιμεν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"δείδιμεν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"we fear"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδιμεν","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b7-l197","source":"οὐ γάρ τίς με βίῃ γε ἑκὼν ἀέκοντα δίηται","translation":"For no one by force will drive me where I will not go,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δίηται","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑκὼν","lemma":"ἑκών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"by choice"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντα","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"δίηται","lemma":"δίω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may drive"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b7-l198","source":"οὐδέ τι ἰδρείῃ, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ νήϊδά γʼ οὕτως","translation":"nor by skill; for I do not think I was born so unskilled","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἰδρείῃ","lemma":"ἰδρεία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"skill"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"νήϊδά","lemma":"νῆις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unskilled"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"so"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b7-l199","source":"ἔλπομαι ἐν Σαλαμῖνι γενέσθαι τε τραφέμεν τε.","translation":"and raised in Salamis.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλπομαι","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Σαλαμῖνι","lemma":"Σαλαμίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Salamis"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to be born"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τραφέμεν","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to be raised"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b7-l200","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ εὔχοντο Διὶ Κρονίωνι ἄνακτι·","translation":"So he spoke, and they prayed to lord Zeus, son of Cronos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὔχοντο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔχοντο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b7-l201","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν·","translation":"and thus would one say, looking up to the broad sky:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"εὐρύν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b7-l202","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ Ἴδηθεν μεδέων κύδιστε μέγιστε","translation":"\"Father Zeus, ruling from Ida, most glorious, most great,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Ἴδηθεν","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεδέων","gloss":"from Ida"},{"surface":"μεδέων","lemma":"μεδέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"ruling"},{"surface":"κύδιστε","lemma":"κύδιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"most glorious"},{"surface":"μέγιστε","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b7-l203","source":"δὸς νίκην Αἴαντι καὶ ἀγλαὸν εὖχος ἀρέσθαι·","translation":"grant Ajax victory and let him win shining glory;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"Αἴαντι","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εὖχος","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρέσθαι","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀρέσθαι","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"win"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b7-l204","source":"εἰ δὲ καὶ Ἕκτορά περ φιλέεις καὶ κήδεαι αὐτοῦ,","translation":"but if you love Hector too, and care for him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορά","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φιλέεις","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φιλέεις","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδεαι","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κήδεαι","gloss":"for him"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b7-l205","source":"ἴσην ἀμφοτέροισι βίην καὶ κῦδος ὄπασσον.","translation":"grant equal strength and glory to them both.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίην","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὄπασσον","gloss":"to both"},{"surface":"βίην","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὄπασσον","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b7-l206","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν, Αἴας δὲ κορύσσετο νώροπι χαλκῷ.","translation":"So they spoke, and Ajax armed himself in gleaming bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l206.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νώροπι χαλκῷ","title":"Gleaming bronze","body":"νώροψ describes bronze with a flashing, fiery brightness. The formula makes Ajax's full armor register first as a single blaze before Homer names its separate pieces."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they spoke"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κορύσσετο","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κορύσσετο","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed himself"},{"surface":"νώροπι","lemma":"νῶροψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κορύσσετο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b7-l207","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντα περὶ χροῒ ἕσσατο τεύχεα,","translation":"When he had put all the armor about his body,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but he"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"his body"},{"surface":"ἕσσατο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσσατο","gloss":"armor"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b7-l208","source":"σεύατʼ ἔπειθʼ οἷός τε πελώριος ἔρχεται Ἄρης,","translation":"then he charged as monstrous Ares goes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεύατ","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sped"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σεύατ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἷός","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"πελώριος","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"ἔρχεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρχεται","gloss":"ares"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b7-l209","source":"ὅς τʼ εἶσιν πόλεμον δὲ μετʼ ἀνέρας οὕς τε Κρονίων","translation":"into war among men whom the son of Cronos","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶσιν","lemma":"εἴσειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἄρης","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶσιν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"οὕς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ξυνέηκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ξυνέηκε","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b7-l210","source":"θυμοβόρου ἔριδος μένεϊ ξυνέηκε μάχεσθαι.","translation":"has brought together to fight in the fury of heart-devouring strife.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμοβόρου","lemma":"θυμοβόρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔριδος","gloss":"heart-devouring"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μένεϊ","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"μένεϊ","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"in fury"},{"surface":"ξυνέηκε","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνέρας","gloss":"brought together"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ξυνέηκε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b7-l211","source":"τοῖος ἄρʼ Αἴας ὦρτο πελώριος ἕρκος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"So huge Ajax arose, bulwark of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l211.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἕρκος Ἀχαιῶν","title":"Bulwark of the Achaeans","body":"ἕρκος is a fence or defensive barrier. Ajax is the army's living bulwark, an epithet made almost literal by the tower-like shield he carries into the duel."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"πελώριος","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"ἕρκος","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"bulwark"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b7-l212","source":"μειδιόων βλοσυροῖσι προσώπασι· νέρθε δὲ ποσσὶν","translation":"smiling on his grim face; beneath him his feet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μειδιόων","lemma":"μειδιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"βλοσυροῖσι","lemma":"βλοσυρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies προσώπασι","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"προσώπασι","lemma":"πρόσωπον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μειδιόων","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"νέρθε","lemma":"νέρθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊε","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤϊε","gloss":"feet"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b7-l213","source":"ἤϊε μακρὰ βιβάς, κραδάων δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος.","translation":"went with long strides as he brandished his long-shadowed spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βιβάς","gloss":"with long strides"},{"surface":"βιβάς","lemma":"βίβημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊε","gloss":"striding"},{"surface":"κραδάων","lemma":"κραδάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊε","gloss":"brandishing"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κραδάων","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b7-l214","source":"τὸν δὲ καὶ Ἀργεῖοι μὲν ἐγήθεον εἰσορόωντες,","translation":"The Argives rejoiced as they looked upon him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰσορόωντες","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as well"},{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐγήθεον","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἐγήθεον","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντες","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐγήθεον","gloss":"looking upon"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b7-l215","source":"Τρῶας δὲ τρόμος αἰνὸς ὑπήλυθε γυῖα ἕκαστον,","translation":"but terrible trembling came over every Trojan's limbs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπήλυθε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τρόμος","lemma":"τρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπήλυθε","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"αἰνὸς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρόμος","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"ὑπήλυθε","lemma":"ὑπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came over"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπήλυθε","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b7-l216","source":"Ἕκτορί τʼ αὐτῷ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι πάτασσεν·","translation":"and Hector's own heart pounded within his breast;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορί","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πάτασσεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"his breast"},{"surface":"πάτασσεν","lemma":"πατάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pounded"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b7-l217","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ πως ἔτι εἶχεν ὑποτρέσαι οὐδʼ ἀναδῦναι","translation":"but he could no longer retreat or slip back","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶχεν","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"εἶχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ὑποτρέσαι","lemma":"ὑποτρέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of εἶχεν","gloss":"retreat"},{"surface":"ἀναδῦναι","lemma":"ἀναδύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"draw back"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b7-l218","source":"ἂψ λαῶν ἐς ὅμιλον, ἐπεὶ προκαλέσσατο χάρμῃ.","translation":"again into the mass of men, since he had issued the challenge.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναδῦναι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"προκαλέσσατο","lemma":"προκαλέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had challenged"},{"surface":"χάρμῃ","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προκαλέσσατο","gloss":"to battle"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b7-l219","source":"Αἴας δʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε φέρων σάκος ἠΰτε πύργον","translation":"Ajax came near, bearing a shield like a tower,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l219.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σάκος ἠΰτε πύργον","title":"A shield like a tower","body":"The shield is compared to a πύργος, a defensive tower. Its height, depth, and layered construction turn Ajax's equipment into architecture moving across the field."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"πύργον","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"tower"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b7-l220","source":"χάλκεον ἑπταβόειον, ὅ οἱ Τυχίος κάμε τεύχων","translation":"bronze-faced and sevenfold in oxhide, which Tychius had labored to make,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἑπταβόειον","lemma":"ἑπταβόειος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"sevenfold in oxhide"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of κάμε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάμε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"Τυχίος","lemma":"Τυχίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάμε","gloss":"Tychius"},{"surface":"κάμε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σάκος","gloss":"toiled"},{"surface":"τεύχων","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"fashioning"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b7-l221","source":"σκυτοτόμων ὄχʼ ἄριστος Ὕλῃ ἔνι οἰκία ναίων,","translation":"far the best of leather-cutters, dwelling in his home at Hyle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκυτοτόμων","lemma":"σκυτότομος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"of leather-cutters"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"Ὕλῃ","lemma":"Ὕλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"hyle"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἰκία","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναίων","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ναίων","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b7-l222","source":"ὅς οἱ ἐποίησεν σάκος αἰόλον ἑπταβόειον","translation":"He had made for him the flashing, sevenfold shield","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐποίησεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἐποίησεν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐποίησεν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"αἰόλον","lemma":"αἰόλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"glittering"},{"surface":"ἑπταβόειον","lemma":"ἑπταβόειος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"sevenfold"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b7-l223","source":"ταύρων ζατρεφέων, ἐπὶ δʼ ὄγδοον ἤλασε χαλκόν.","translation":"from the hides of well-fed bulls, and hammered bronze upon it as an eighth layer.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταύρων","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of bulls"},{"surface":"ζατρεφέων","lemma":"ζατρεφής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ταύρων","gloss":"well-fed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄγδοον","lemma":"ὄγδοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eighth"},{"surface":"ἤλασε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"hammered"},{"surface":"χαλκόν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασε","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b7-l224","source":"τὸ πρόσθε στέρνοιο φέρων Τελαμώνιος Αἴας","translation":"Holding it before his chest, Telamonian Ajax","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"στέρνοιο","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πρόσθε","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"telamonian"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b7-l225","source":"στῆ ῥα μάλʼ Ἕκτορος ἐγγύς, ἀπειλήσας δὲ προσηύδα·","translation":"stood very close to Hector and spoke this threat:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγύς","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἐγγύς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἀπειλήσας","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"having threatened"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b7-l226","source":"Ἕκτορ νῦν μὲν δὴ σάφα εἴσεαι οἰόθεν οἶος","translation":"\"Hector, now you will clearly learn, man against man,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσεαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσεαι","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"εἴσεαι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will learn"},{"surface":"οἰόθεν","lemma":"οἰόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσεαι","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b7-l227","source":"οἷοι καὶ Δαναοῖσιν ἀριστῆες μετέασι","translation":"what champions there are among the Danaans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷοι","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστῆες","gloss":"what sort"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετέασι","gloss":"among Danaans"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆες","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέασι","gloss":"champions"},{"surface":"μετέασι","lemma":"μέτειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of εἴσεαι","gloss":"there are"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b7-l228","source":"καὶ μετʼ Ἀχιλλῆα ῥηξήνορα θυμολέοντα.","translation":"even besides Achilles, breaker of men, lion-hearted.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l228.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥηξήνορα θυμολέοντα","title":"Breaker of men, lion-hearted","body":"Ajax names Achilles with two compact martial epithets: ῥηξήνωρ, one who breaks men or battle-lines, and θυμολέων, one whose spirit is a lion's."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ῥηξήνορα","lemma":"ῥηξήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"man-breaking"},{"surface":"θυμολέοντα","lemma":"θυμολέων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"lion-hearted"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b7-l229","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν νήεσσι κορωνίσι ποντοπόροισι","translation":"But he lay among the curved, sea-crossing ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖτ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for his part"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κορωνίσι","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"ποντοπόροισι","lemma":"ποντόπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"sea-crossing"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b7-l230","source":"κεῖτʼ ἀπομηνίσας Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν·","translation":"nursing his wrath against Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ἀπομηνίσας","lemma":"ἀπομηνίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ̓","gloss":"nursing his wrath"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπομηνίσας","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b7-l231","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ εἰμὲν τοῖοι οἳ ἂν σέθεν ἀντιάσαιμεν","translation":"while we are men such as can face you,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰμὲν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"εἰμὲν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are"},{"surface":"τοῖοι","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀντιάσαιμεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀντιάσαιμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀντιάσαιμεν","lemma":"ἀντιάζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῖοι","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b7-l232","source":"καὶ πολέες· ἀλλʼ ἄρχε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο.","translation":"and many of us. But begin the battle and the war.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begin"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the war"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b7-l233","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"Then great Hector of the flashing helm answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b7-l234","source":"Αἶαν διογενὲς Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν","translation":"\"Ajax, sprung from Zeus, son of Telamon, marshal of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l234.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Αἶαν διογενὲς Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε","title":"A chain of vocatives","body":"Hector piles four vocative forms into one address: Ajax, sprung from Zeus, Telamonian, marshal. The case endings mark every title as spoken directly to his opponent."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἶαν","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἶαν","gloss":"sprung from Zeus"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιε","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἶαν","gloss":"son of Telamon"},{"surface":"κοίρανε","lemma":"κοίρανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"commander"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κοίρανε","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b7-l235","source":"μή τί μευ ἠΰτε παιδὸς ἀφαυροῦ πειρήτιζε","translation":"do not test me as though I were some feeble child","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πειρήτιζε","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πειρήτιζε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a child"},{"surface":"ἀφαυροῦ","lemma":"ἀφαυρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"feeble"},{"surface":"πειρήτιζε","lemma":"πειρητίζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"test"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b7-l236","source":"ἠὲ γυναικός, ἣ οὐκ οἶδεν πολεμήϊα ἔργα.","translation":"or a woman who knows nothing of the works of war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"γυναικός","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a woman"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶδεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γυναικός","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"πολεμήϊα","lemma":"πολεμήιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἶδεν","gloss":"works"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b7-l237","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν εὖ οἶδα μάχας τʼ ἀνδροκτασίας τε·","translation":"I know battles and the slaying of men well;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l237.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνδροκτασίας","title":"The slaying of men","body":"ἀνδροκτασία is bluntly compounded from ἀνήρ, \"man,\" and κτείνω, \"kill.\" Hector answers Ajax's threat by claiming practiced knowledge of battle's killing work."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδα","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i know"},{"surface":"μάχας","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"battles"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδροκτασίας","lemma":"ἀνδροκτασία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b7-l238","source":"οἶδʼ ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν","translation":"I know how to swing my dry oxhide shield to the right and left,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l238.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νωμῆσαι βῶν","title":"Swinging the dry oxhide","body":"βῶν on this line stands for the oxhide shield; ἀζαλέην at the opening of the next line marks the hide as dried or seasoned. Hector boasts of practiced shield-work on either side."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i know"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δεξιά","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to the right"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i know"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὰ","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"νωμῆσαι","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of οἶδ̓","gloss":"to swing"},{"surface":"βῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"oxhide shield"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b7-l239","source":"ἀζαλέην, τό μοι ἔστι ταλαύρινον πολεμίζειν·","translation":"for that is how I fight steadfast beneath my shield;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀζαλέην","lemma":"ἀζαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βῶν","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ταλαύρινον","lemma":"ταλαύρινος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ταλαύρινον","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b7-l240","source":"οἶδα δʼ ἐπαΐξαι μόθον ἵππων ὠκειάων·","translation":"I know how to charge into the clash of swift chariots;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i know"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξαι","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of οἶδα","gloss":"to charge"},{"surface":"μόθον","lemma":"μόθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαΐξαι","gloss":"clash"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies μόθον","gloss":"of the horses"},{"surface":"ὠκειάων","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b7-l241","source":"οἶδα δʼ ἐνὶ σταδίῃ δηΐῳ μέλπεσθαι Ἄρηϊ.","translation":"and in close combat I know how to dance for hostile Ares.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l241.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέλπεσθαι Ἄρηϊ","title":"Dancing for Ares","body":"μέλπεσθαι usually belongs to song and dance. Applied to close combat, it makes the trained movements of spear and shield a deadly dance performed for Ares."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i know"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σταδίῃ","lemma":"σταδίη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"close combat"},{"surface":"δηΐῳ","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σταδίῃ","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"μέλπεσθαι","lemma":"μέλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of οἶδα","gloss":"to dance"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μέλπεσθαι","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b7-l242","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐ γάρ σʼ ἐθέλω βαλέειν τοιοῦτον ἐόντα","translation":"Yet I do not wish to strike a man such as you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of βαλέειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλω","gloss":"to strike"},{"surface":"τοιοῦτον","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b7-l243","source":"λάθρῃ ὀπιπεύσας, ἀλλʼ ἀμφαδόν, αἴ κε τύχωμι.","translation":"by watching in secret, but openly, if I can hit you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάθρῃ","lemma":"λάθρῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀπιπεύσας","gloss":"in secret"},{"surface":"ὀπιπεύσας","lemma":"ὀπιπτεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"having watched"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀμφαδόν","lemma":"ἀμφαδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"openly"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"τύχωμι","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"I hit"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b7-l244","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,","translation":"So he spoke, and poising it, hurled his long-shadowed spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"so he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so, indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμπεπαλὼν","lemma":"ἀναπάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"having poised it"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b7-l245","source":"καὶ βάλεν Αἴαντος δεινὸν σάκος ἑπταβόειον","translation":"and struck Ajax's terrible, sevenfold shield","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"ajax's"},{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἑπταβόειον","lemma":"ἑπταβόειος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"sevenfold"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b7-l246","source":"ἀκρότατον κατὰ χαλκόν, ὃς ὄγδοος ἦεν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.","translation":"upon its outermost bronze, the eighth layer upon it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκρότατον","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies χαλκόν","gloss":"outermost"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χαλκόν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ὄγδοος","lemma":"ὄγδοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"eighth"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χαλκόν","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon it"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b7-l247","source":"ἓξ δὲ διὰ πτύχας ἦλθε δαΐζων χαλκὸς ἀτειρής,","translation":"Through six folds the unyielding bronze tore,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἓξ","lemma":"ἕξ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies πτύχας","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πτύχας","lemma":"πτύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"folds"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δαΐζων","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"tearing"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἀτειρής","lemma":"ἀτειρής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκὸς","gloss":"unyielding"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b7-l248","source":"ἐν τῇ δʼ ἑβδομάτῃ ῥινῷ σχέτο· δεύτερος αὖτε","translation":"but stopped in the seventh hide. Then in turn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ῥινῷ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἑβδομάτῃ","lemma":"ἑβδόματος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ῥινῷ","gloss":"seventh"},{"surface":"ῥινῷ","lemma":"ῥινός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"σχέτο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"δεύτερος","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b7-l249","source":"Αἴας διογενὴς προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,","translation":"Ajax, sprung from Zeus, hurled his long-shadowed spear,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"διογενὴς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"zeus-born"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b7-l250","source":"καὶ βάλε Πριαμίδαο κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην.","translation":"and struck the son of Priam upon his shield, balanced on every side.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδαο","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"son of Priam's"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"his shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"well-balanced"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b7-l251","source":"διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε φαεινῆς ὄβριμον ἔγχος,","translation":"through the shining shield went the mighty spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"φαεινῆς","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδος","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b7-l252","source":"καὶ διὰ θώρηκος πολυδαιδάλου ἠρήρειστο·","translation":"and through the corselet, richly worked, it drove on;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l252.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θώρηκος πολυδαιδάλου","title":"A richly worked corselet","body":"πολυδαίδαλος praises the corselet's elaborate workmanship. The fixed rendering \"richly worked\" keeps craft and construction in view rather than turning it into a vague gleam."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"θώρηκος","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"πολυδαιδάλου","lemma":"πολυδαίδαλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θώρηκος","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"ἠρήρειστο","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been driven"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b7-l253","source":"ἀντικρὺ δὲ παραὶ λαπάρην διάμησε χιτῶνα","translation":"straight on, beside his flank, it tore through the tunic,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διάμησε","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παραὶ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"λαπάρην","lemma":"λαπάρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παραὶ","gloss":"flank"},{"surface":"διάμησε","lemma":"διαμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slashed through"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διάμησε","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b7-l254","source":"ἔγχος· ὃ δʼ ἐκλίνθη καὶ ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν.","translation":"the spear; but he bent aside and escaped black death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of διάμησε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐκλίνθη","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bent aside"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλεύατο","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεύατο","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b7-l255","source":"τὼ δʼ ἐκσπασσαμένω δολίχʼ ἔγχεα χερσὶν ἅμʼ ἄμφω","translation":"The two together drew out their long spears with their hands","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l255.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ ... ἐκσπασσαμένω ... ἄμφω","title":"Both fighters together","body":"The article τώ and participle ἐκσπασσαμένω are dual, reinforced by ἄμφω, \"both.\" Grammar holds Ajax and Hector in one synchronized action before they rush together again."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπεσον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκσπασσαμένω","lemma":"ἐκσπάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπεσον","gloss":"wrenched out"},{"surface":"δολίχ","lemma":"δολιχός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεα","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἔγχεα","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκσπασσαμένω","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκσπασσαμένω","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκσπασσαμένω","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies τὼ","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b7-l256","source":"σύν ῥʼ ἔπεσον λείουσιν ἐοικότες ὠμοφάγοισιν","translation":"and fell upon each other like flesh-eating lions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπεσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"λείουσιν","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"lions"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπεσον","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὠμοφάγοισιν","lemma":"ὠμόφαγος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λείουσιν","gloss":"raw-flesh-eating"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b7-l257","source":"ἢ συσὶ κάπροισιν, τῶν τε σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν.","translation":"or wild boars, whose strength is not feeble,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"συσὶ","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"wild boars"},{"surface":"κάπροισιν","lemma":"κάπρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies συσὶ","gloss":"boars"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλαπαδνόν","lemma":"ἀλαπαδνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weak"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b7-l258","source":"Πριαμίδης μὲν ἔπειτα μέσον σάκος οὔτασε δουρί,","translation":"and then the son of Priam struck the shield's middle with his spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b7-l259","source":"οὐδʼ ἔρρηξεν χαλκός, ἀνεγνάμφθη δέ οἱ αἰχμή.","translation":"but the bronze did not break, and his spear-point bent back.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρρηξεν","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke through"},{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρρηξεν","gloss":"the bronze point"},{"surface":"ἀνεγνάμφθη","lemma":"ἀναγνάμπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was bent back"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αἰχμή","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αἰχμή","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνεγνάμφθη","gloss":"spearpoint"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b7-l260","source":"Αἴας δʼ ἀσπίδα νύξεν ἐπάλμενος· ἣ δὲ διαπρὸ","translation":"Ajax sprang in and stabbed the shield; straight through","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νύξεν","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of νύξεν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"νύξεν","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἐπάλμενος","lemma":"ἐφάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νύξεν","gloss":"sprang forward"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies ἐγχείη","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διαπρὸ","lemma":"διαπρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθεν","gloss":"clean through"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b7-l261","source":"ἤλυθεν ἐγχείη, στυφέλιξε δέ μιν μεμαῶτα,","translation":"the spear passed and staggered Hector as he charged,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed through"},{"surface":"ἐγχείη","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"στυφέλιξε","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"battered back"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of στυφέλιξε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b7-l262","source":"τμήδην δʼ αὐχένʼ ἐπῆλθε, μέλαν δʼ ἀνεκήκιεν αἷμα,","translation":"and grazed his neck, and black blood welled up;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l262.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέλαν ... αἷμα","title":"Black blood","body":"μέλαν αἷμα is literally \"black blood,\" the same μέλας color family used elsewhere for blood, earth, and ships. Homer keeps the wound concrete: the spear grazes the neck and blood wells out."}],"words":[{"surface":"τμήδην","lemma":"τμήδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπῆλθε","gloss":"grazing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐχέν","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπῆλθε","gloss":"the neck"},{"surface":"ἐπῆλθε","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grazed"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνεκήκιεν","lemma":"ἀνακηκίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"welled up"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀνεκήκιεν","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b7-l263","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς ἀπέληγε μάχης κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ,","translation":"but not even then did Hector of the flashing helm cease from battle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέληγε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀπέληγε","lemma":"ἀπολήγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπέληγε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέληγε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b7-l264","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀναχασσάμενος λίθον εἵλετο χειρὶ παχείῃ","translation":"Drawing back, he took in his thick hand a stone","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀναχασσάμενος","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἵλετο","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"λίθον","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵλετο","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"stout"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b7-l265","source":"κείμενον ἐν πεδίῳ μέλανα τρηχύν τε μέγαν τε·","translation":"that lay on the plain, black and jagged and huge;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies λίθον","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"μέλανα","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"τρηχύν","lemma":"τραχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"rugged"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b7-l266","source":"τῷ βάλεν Αἴαντος δεινὸν σάκος ἑπταβόειον","translation":"with it he struck Ajax's terrible, sevenfold shield","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"with it"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἑπταβόειον","lemma":"ἑπταβόειος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"sevenfold"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b7-l267","source":"μέσσον ἐπομφάλιον· περιήχησεν δʼ ἄρα χαλκός.","translation":"in the middle, upon the boss; and the bronze rang around it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"ἐπομφάλιον","lemma":"ἐπομφάλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"upon the boss"},{"surface":"περιήχησεν","lemma":"περιηχέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of περιήχησεν","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b7-l268","source":"δεύτερος αὖτʼ Αἴας πολὺ μείζονα λᾶαν ἀείρας","translation":"Then Ajax in turn lifted a far larger stone","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερος","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"μείζονα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies λᾶαν","gloss":"larger"},{"surface":"λᾶαν","lemma":"λᾶας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκ̓","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκ̓","gloss":"lifted"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b7-l269","source":"ἧκʼ ἐπιδινήσας, ἐπέρεισε δὲ ἶνʼ ἀπέλεθρον,","translation":"and sent it spinning, driving into it immeasurable force;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκ","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"ἐπιδινήσας","lemma":"ἐπιδινέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκ̓","gloss":"whirling it"},{"surface":"ἐπέρεισε","lemma":"ἐπερείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἶν","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέρεισε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἀπέλεθρον","lemma":"ἀπέλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἶν̓","gloss":"boundless"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b7-l270","source":"εἴσω δʼ ἀσπίδʼ ἔαξε βαλὼν μυλοειδέϊ πέτρῳ,","translation":"with the millstone-like rock he struck and crushed the shield inward,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l270.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μυλοειδέϊ πέτρῳ","title":"A millstone-like rock","body":"μυλοειδής means \"shaped like a millstone.\" The comparison gives the missile both massive weight and a broad crushing face."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔαξε","gloss":"inward"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδ","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔαξε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἔαξε","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crushed"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔαξε","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"μυλοειδέϊ","lemma":"μυλοειδής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies πέτρῳ","gloss":"millstone-like"},{"surface":"πέτρῳ","lemma":"πέτρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔαξε","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b7-l271","source":"βλάψε δέ οἱ φίλα γούναθʼ· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἐξετανύσθη","translation":"and buckled Hector's knees; he sprawled backward","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βλάψε","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"buckled"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γούναθ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies γούναθ̓","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"γούναθ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βλάψε","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξετανύσθη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπτιος","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"ἐξετανύσθη","lemma":"ἐκτανύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay stretched out"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b7-l272","source":"ἀσπίδι ἐγχριμφθείς· τὸν δʼ αἶψʼ ὤρθωσεν Ἀπόλλων.","translation":"braced against his shield, but Apollo raised him at once.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίδι","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγχριμφθείς","gloss":"by his shield"},{"surface":"ἐγχριμφθείς","lemma":"ἐγχρίμπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξετανύσθη","gloss":"braced against"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὤρθωσεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤρθωσεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ὤρθωσεν","lemma":"ὀρθόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤρθωσεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b7-l273","source":"καί νύ κε δὴ ξιφέεσσʼ αὐτοσχεδὸν οὐτάζοντο,","translation":"And now they would have struck each other at close quarters with swords,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l273.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καί νύ κε","title":"They would have, had not","body":"κε with the past verb οὐτάζοντο gives the unreal result, \"they would have struck,\" and εἰ μή on the next line introduces the interruption. The heralds arrive at the exact brink of sword combat."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὐτάζοντο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ξιφέεσσ","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὐτάζοντο","gloss":"swords"},{"surface":"αὐτοσχεδὸν","lemma":"αὐτοσχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὐτάζοντο","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"οὐτάζοντο","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would strike"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b7-l274","source":"εἰ μὴ κήρυκες Διὸς ἄγγελοι ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν","translation":"had not the heralds, messengers of Zeus and of men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄγγελοι","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"messengers"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b7-l275","source":"ἦλθον, ὃ μὲν Τρώων, ὃ δʼ Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων,","translation":"come, one from the Trojans and one from the bronze-clad Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ὃ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὃ","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b7-l276","source":"Ταλθύβιός τε καὶ Ἰδαῖος πεπνυμένω ἄμφω·","translation":"Talthybius and Idaeus, both wise men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l276.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπνυμένω ἄμφω","title":"Both heralds are wise","body":"πεπνυμένω is dual and ἄμφω means \"both.\" The phrase gives equal dignity to the Trojan and Achaean heralds as they step between the fighters."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ταλθύβιός","lemma":"Ταλθύβιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Talthybius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδαῖος","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένω","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b7-l277","source":"μέσσῳ δʼ ἀμφοτέρων σκῆπτρα σχέθον, εἶπέ τε μῦθον","translation":"Between the two they held their staffs, and then spoke","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέσσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to σχέθον","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρων","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μέσσῳ","gloss":"of both"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρα","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of σχέθον","gloss":"staffs"},{"surface":"σχέθον","lemma":"σχέθον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"εἶπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπέ","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b7-l278","source":"κῆρυξ Ἰδαῖος πεπνυμένα μήδεα εἰδώς·","translation":"the herald Idaeus, skilled in prudent counsels:","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰδαῖος","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"Ἰδαῖος","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶπέ","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένα","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies μήδεα","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"μήδεα","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἰδαῖος","gloss":"skilled"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b7-l279","source":"μηκέτι παῖδε φίλω πολεμίζετε μηδὲ μάχεσθον·","translation":"\"Dear children, fight and battle no longer;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l279.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"παῖδε φίλω ... πολεμίζετε ... μάχεσθον","title":"An appeal to two fighters","body":"παῖδε φίλω, \"dear children,\" is dual, and μάχεσθον is a dual command; πολεμίζετε uses the plural imperative. Idaeus addresses Ajax and Hector together, not one after the other."}],"words":[{"surface":"μηκέτι","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"παῖδε","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"vocative dual masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"φίλω","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδε","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πολεμίζετε","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"μάχεσθον","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do battle"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b7-l280","source":"ἀμφοτέρω γὰρ σφῶϊ φιλεῖ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς,","translation":"for Zeus the cloud-gatherer loves you both,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρω","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies σφῶϊ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφῶϊ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative dual pronoun","role":"object of φιλεῖ","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"φιλεῖ","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loves"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φιλεῖ","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b7-l281","source":"ἄμφω δʼ αἰχμητά· τό γε δὴ καὶ ἴδμεν ἅπαντες.","translation":"and both are spearmen; that much we all know.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰχμητά","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"spearmen"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἴδμεν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἴδμεν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b7-l282","source":"νὺξ δʼ ἤδη τελέθει· ἀγαθὸν καὶ νυκτὶ πιθέσθαι.","translation":"Night has come; it is good to heed the night.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τελέθει","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελέθει","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"τελέθει","lemma":"τελέθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πιθέσθαι","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"πιθέσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to obey"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b7-l283","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·","translation":"Then Telamonian Ajax answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Telamon"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b7-l284","source":"Ἰδαῖʼ Ἕκτορα ταῦτα κελεύετε μυθήσασθαι·","translation":"\"Idaeus, you heralds command Hector to say these things,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδαῖ","lemma":"Ἰδαῖε","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"κελεύετε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"μυθήσασθαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κελεύετε","gloss":"to say"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b7-l285","source":"αὐτὸς γὰρ χάρμῃ προκαλέσσατο πάντας ἀρίστους.","translation":"for he himself challenged all the champions to battle.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"χάρμῃ","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προκαλέσσατο","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"προκαλέσσατο","lemma":"προκαλέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"challenged"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of προκαλέσσατο","gloss":"champions"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b7-l286","source":"ἀρχέτω· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ μάλα πείσομαι ᾗ περ ἂν οὗτος.","translation":"Let him begin; and I will fully obey whatever he commands.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχέτω","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him begin"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πείσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πείσομαι","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πείσομαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will obey"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b7-l287","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"Then great Hector of the flashing helm answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b7-l288","source":"Αἶαν ἐπεί τοι δῶκε θεὸς μέγεθός τε βίην τε","translation":"\"Ajax, since a god has given you stature and strength","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἶαν","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"μέγεθός","lemma":"μέγεθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"stature"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίην","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b7-l289","source":"καὶ πινυτήν, περὶ δʼ ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι,","translation":"and wisdom, and you are best of the Achaeans with the spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πινυτήν","lemma":"πινυτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wisdom"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχει","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐσσι","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φέρτατός","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"φέρτατός","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"you are"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b7-l290","source":"νῦν μὲν παυσώμεσθα μάχης καὶ δηϊοτῆτος","translation":"let us now cease from battle and strife","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παυσώμεσθα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"παυσώμεσθα","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us cease"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτος","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b7-l291","source":"σήμερον· ὕστερον αὖτε μαχησόμεθʼ εἰς ὅ κε δαίμων","translation":"today; later we shall fight again until a god","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σήμερον","lemma":"σήμερον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παυσώμεσθα","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μαχησόμεθ̓","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχησόμεθ̓","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"μαχησόμεθ","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fight"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b7-l292","source":"ἄμμε διακρίνῃ, δώῃ δʼ ἑτέροισί γε νίκην.","translation":"parts us and grants victory to one side or the other.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμμε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of διακρίνῃ","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"διακρίνῃ","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"parts"},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"grants"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέροισί","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"one side"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b7-l293","source":"νὺξ δʼ ἤδη τελέθει· ἀγαθὸν καὶ νυκτὶ πιθέσθαι,","translation":"Night has come; it is good to heed the night,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τελέθει","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελέθει","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"τελέθει","lemma":"τελέθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πιθέσθαι","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"πιθέσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to obey"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b7-l294","source":"ὡς σύ τʼ ἐϋφρήνῃς πάντας παρὰ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"so that you may gladden all the Achaeans beside their ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐϋφρήνῃς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐϋφρήνῃς","lemma":"εὐφραίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"gladden"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies παρὰ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐϋφρήνῃς","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b7-l295","source":"σούς τε μάλιστα ἔτας καὶ ἑταίρους, οἵ τοι ἔασιν·","translation":"and above all your own kinsmen and companions who are there;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σούς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"ἔτας","lemma":"ἔτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"kinsmen"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔασιν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b7-l296","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κατὰ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος","translation":"while I, throughout the great city of King Priam,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐϋφρανέω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b7-l297","source":"Τρῶας ἐϋφρανέω καὶ Τρῳάδας ἑλκεσιπέπλους,","translation":"will gladden the Trojans and the trailing-robed Trojan women,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐϋφρανέω","lemma":"εὐφραίνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gladden"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῳάδας","lemma":"Τρῳάς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojan women"},{"surface":"ἑλκεσιπέπλους","lemma":"ἑλκεσίπεπλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῳάδας","gloss":"trailing-robed"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b7-l298","source":"αἵ τέ μοι εὐχόμεναι θεῖον δύσονται ἀγῶνα.","translation":"who will enter the sacred gathering to pray for me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δύσονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δύσονται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εὐχόμεναι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"θεῖον","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγῶνα","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"δύσονται","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρῳάδας","gloss":"will enter"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνα","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δύσονται","gloss":"gathering"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b7-l299","source":"δῶρα δʼ ἄγʼ ἀλλήλοισι περικλυτὰ δώομεν ἄμφω,","translation":"Come, let us both give each other glorious gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δώομεν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δώομεν","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"περικλυτὰ","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"δώομεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us give"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of δώομεν","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b7-l300","source":"ὄφρά τις ὧδʼ εἴπῃσιν Ἀχαιῶν τε Τρώων τε·","translation":"so that one among the Achaeans or Trojans may say:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπῃσιν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπῃσιν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἴπῃσιν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρά","gloss":"may say"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of Achaeans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b7-l301","source":"ἠμὲν ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι θυμοβόροιο,","translation":"‘The two fought for the sake of heart-devouring strife,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐμαρνάσθην","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέρι","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"θυμοβόροιο","lemma":"θυμοβόρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔριδος","gloss":"heart-devouring"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b7-l302","source":"ἠδʼ αὖτʼ ἐν φιλότητι διέτμαγεν ἀρθμήσαντε.","translation":"and then parted in friendship, joined in concord.’\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l302.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διέτμαγεν ἀρθμήσαντε","title":"The two fought and parted","body":"The preceding line's ἐμαρνάσθην and this line's διέτμαγεν and ἀρθμήσαντε are dual: Ajax and Hector fought as a pair of opponents and separate as a pair bound by agreement. The grammar makes their reciprocity exact."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"friendship"},{"surface":"διέτμαγεν","lemma":"διατμήγω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"parted"},{"surface":"ἀρθμήσαντε","lemma":"ἀρθμέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to διέτμαγεν","gloss":"joined in concord"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b7-l303","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας δῶκε ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον","translation":"So speaking, he gave him a silver-studded sword,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόηλον","lemma":"ἀργυρόηλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"silver-studded"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b7-l304","source":"σὺν κολεῷ τε φέρων καὶ ἐϋτμήτῳ τελαμῶνι·","translation":"bringing it with its sheath and well-cut baldric;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"κολεῷ","lemma":"κολεόν","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sheath"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐϋτμήτῳ","lemma":"ἐύτμητος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τελαμῶνι","gloss":"well-cut"},{"surface":"τελαμῶνι","lemma":"τελαμών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the strap"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b7-l305","source":"Αἴας δὲ ζωστῆρα δίδου φοίνικι φαεινόν.","translation":"and Ajax gave him a belt purple-bright.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δίδου","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζωστῆρα","lemma":"ζωστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"φοίνικι","lemma":"φοῖνιξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φαεινόν","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"φαεινόν","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ζωστῆρα","gloss":"gleaming"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b7-l306","source":"τὼ δὲ διακρινθέντε ὃ μὲν μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"The two parted, and one went among the army of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διακρινθέντε","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διακρινθέντε","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"parted"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤϊ̓","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b7-l307","source":"ἤϊʼ, ὃ δʼ ἐς Τρώων ὅμαδον κίε· τοὶ δὲ χάρησαν,","translation":"while the other went into the din of the Trojans; and the Trojans rejoiced","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κίε","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ὅμαδον","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὅμαδον","lemma":"ὅμαδος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"uproar"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χάρησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάρησαν","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they rejoiced"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b7-l308","source":"ὡς εἶδον ζωόν τε καὶ ἀρτεμέα προσιόντα,","translation":"when they saw him coming toward them alive and unharmed","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εἶδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"they saw"},{"surface":"ζωόν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρτεμέα","lemma":"ἀρτεμής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"προσιόντα","lemma":"πρόσειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"approaching"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b7-l309","source":"Αἴαντος προφυγόντα μένος καὶ χεῖρας ἀάπτους·","translation":"after escaping Ajax's fury and irresistible hands;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l309.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χεῖρας ἀάπτους","title":"Irresistible hands","body":"ἄαπτος means \"not to be laid hold of\" and so \"irresistible.\" The recurring formula first described Zeus's overwhelming hands; here it magnifies Ajax's physical force."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"προφυγόντα","lemma":"προφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having escaped"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀάπτους","lemma":"ἄαπτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"irresistible"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b7-l310","source":"καί ῥʼ ἦγον προτὶ ἄστυ ἀελπτέοντες σόον εἶναι.","translation":"and they led him toward the city, never expecting him to be safe.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἦγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἀελπτέοντες","lemma":"ἀελπτέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦγον","gloss":"never expecting"},{"surface":"σόον","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀελπτέοντες","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b7-l311","source":"Αἴαντʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"From the other side the well-greaved Achaeans led Ajax","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντ","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγον","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγον","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἄγον","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b7-l312","source":"εἰς Ἀγαμέμνονα δῖον ἄγον κεχαρηότα νίκῃ.","translation":"to godlike Agamemnon, rejoicing in his victory.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἄγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led...on"},{"surface":"κεχαρηότα","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"νίκῃ","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεχαρηότα","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b7-l313","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίῃσιν ἐν Ἀτρεΐδαο γένοντο,","translation":"And when they reached the shelters of the son of Atreus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσιν","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίῃσιν","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b7-l314","source":"τοῖσι δὲ βοῦν ἱέρευσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"Agamemnon, lord of men, sacrificed an ox for them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱέρευσεν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱέρευσεν","gloss":"an ox"},{"surface":"ἱέρευσεν","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacrificed"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱέρευσεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b7-l315","source":"ἄρσενα πενταέτηρον ὑπερμενέϊ Κρονίωνι.","translation":"a five-year-old male, to the exceedingly mighty son of Cronos.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l315.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπερμενέϊ Κρονίωνι","title":"The exceedingly mighty son of Cronos","body":"ὑπερμενής intensifies the god's might, while Κρονίων names Zeus by his father Cronos. The phrase keeps this stronger epithet distinct from the poem's bare 'son of Cronos.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρσενα","lemma":"ἄρσην","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"male"},{"surface":"πενταέτηρον","lemma":"πενταέτηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"five-year-old"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέϊ","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνι","gloss":"exceedingly mighty"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱέρευσεν","gloss":"son of Cronos"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b7-l316","source":"τὸν δέρον ἀμφί θʼ ἕπον, καί μιν διέχευαν ἅπαντα,","translation":"They flayed it, dressed it all around, and cut it all apart;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέρον","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δέρον","lemma":"δέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flayed it"},{"surface":"ἀμφί","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕπον","lemma":"ἕπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διέχευαν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"διέχευαν","lemma":"διαχέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut apart"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b7-l317","source":"μίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρʼ ἐπισταμένως πεῖράν τʼ ὀβελοῖσιν,","translation":"they sliced it skillfully and pierced the pieces on spits,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίστυλλόν","lemma":"μιστύλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut up"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένως","lemma":"ἐπισταμένως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μίστυλλόν","gloss":"skillfully"},{"surface":"πεῖράν","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀβελοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀβελός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πεῖράν","gloss":"spits"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b7-l318","source":"ὄπτησάν τε περιφραδέως, ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα.","translation":"roasted them carefully, and drew them all from the fire.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄπτησάν","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roasted"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περιφραδέως","lemma":"περιφραδής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄπτησάν","gloss":"with care"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντό","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew off"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρύσαντό","gloss":"all of it"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b7-l319","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου τετύκοντό τε δαῖτα,","translation":"And when they had ceased from their labor and made ready the feast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"παύσαντο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"had ceased"},{"surface":"πόνου","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσαντο","gloss":"from their labor"},{"surface":"τετύκοντό","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τετύκοντό","gloss":"the feast"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b7-l320","source":"δαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης·","translation":"they feasted, and no heart lacked its share of the fair-shared feast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυντ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feasted"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐδεύετο","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐδεύετο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"of the feast"},{"surface":"ἐΐσης","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὸς","gloss":"fair-shared"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b7-l321","source":"νώτοισιν δʼ Αἴαντα διηνεκέεσσι γέραιρεν","translation":"With full-length cuts from the chine he honored Ajax,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νώτοισιν","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to γέραιρεν","gloss":"of the chine"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γέραιρεν","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"διηνεκέεσσι","lemma":"διηνεκής","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νώτοισιν","gloss":"full-length"},{"surface":"γέραιρεν","lemma":"γεραίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b7-l322","source":"ἥρως Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων.","translation":"the hero, son of Atreus, the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"wide-ruling"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γέραιρεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b7-l323","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put from them the desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"for drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"the desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had put from them"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b7-l324","source":"τοῖς ὁ γέρων πάμπρωτος ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν","translation":"the old man was first among them to begin weaving counsel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l324.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑφαίνειν ... μῆτιν","title":"Weaving counsel","body":"ὑφαίνειν is literally 'to weave.' Joined to μῆτιν, 'counsel' or 'design,' it pictures Nestor arranging a plan as carefully as threads in woven cloth."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑφαίνειν","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"πάμπρωτος","lemma":"πάμπρωτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"before all others"},{"surface":"ὑφαίνειν","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἤρχετο","gloss":"weaving"},{"surface":"ἤρχετο","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑφαίνειν","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b7-l325","source":"Νέστωρ, οὗ καὶ πρόσθεν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή·","translation":"Nestor, whose counsel had also seemed best before;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βουλή","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαίνετο","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Νέστωρ","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"βουλή","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φαίνετο","gloss":"plan"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b7-l326","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"with good will toward them, he addressed them and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"toward them"},{"surface":"ἐϋφρονέων","lemma":"εὐφρονέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b7-l327","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν,","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, and you other princes of all the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστῆες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆες","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"chieftains"},{"surface":"Παναχαιῶν","lemma":"Παναχαιοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστῆες","gloss":"of all the Achaeans"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b7-l328","source":"πολλοὶ γὰρ τεθνᾶσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"many long-haired Achaeans have died,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τεθνᾶσι","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have died"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κομόωντες","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τεθνᾶσι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b7-l329","source":"τῶν νῦν αἷμα κελαινὸν ἐΰρροον ἀμφὶ Σκάμανδρον","translation":"and fierce Ares has scattered their dark blood around","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσκέδασ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐσκέδασ̓","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"κελαινὸν","lemma":"κελαινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ἐΰρροον","lemma":"ἐύρρους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σκάμανδρον","gloss":"fair-flowing"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Σκάμανδρον","lemma":"Σκάμανδρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"Scamander"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b7-l330","source":"ἐσκέδασʼ ὀξὺς Ἄρης, ψυχαὶ δʼ Ἄϊδος δὲ κατῆλθον·","translation":"fair-flowing Scamander, while their souls went down to Hades.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσκέδασ","lemma":"σκεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"ὀξὺς","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐσκέδασ̓","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ψυχαὶ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κατῆλθον","gloss":"souls"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδος","lemma":"Αἵδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατῆλθον","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"κατῆλθον","lemma":"κατέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"went down"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b7-l331","source":"τώ σε χρὴ πόλεμον μὲν ἅμʼ ἠοῖ παῦσαι Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"Therefore at dawn you must halt the Achaeans' war,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l331.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σε χρὴ ... παῦσαι","title":"An impersonal expression of necessity","body":"χρή is impersonal: 'it is necessary.' The accusative σε supplies the person obliged to act, while the infinitive παῦσαι states what Agamemnon must do."}],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of παῦσαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παῦσαι","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἠοῖ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"παῦσαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"put an end to"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b7-l332","source":"αὐτοὶ δʼ ἀγρόμενοι κυκλήσομεν ἐνθάδε νεκροὺς","translation":"and we ourselves shall gather and bring the dead together here","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"we ourselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγρόμενοι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κυκλήσομεν","gloss":"having gathered"},{"surface":"κυκλήσομεν","lemma":"κυκλέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κυκλήσομεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"νεκροὺς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κυκλήσομεν","gloss":"the dead"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b7-l333","source":"βουσὶ καὶ ἡμιόνοισιν· ἀτὰρ κατακήομεν αὐτοὺς","translation":"with oxen and mules; then we shall burn them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουσὶ","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνοισιν","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κατακήομεν","lemma":"κατακαίω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shall burn"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κατακήομεν","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b7-l334","source":"τυτθὸν ἀπὸ πρὸ νεῶν, ὥς κʼ ὀστέα παισὶν ἕκαστος","translation":"a little way before the ships, so each man may carry the bones to his children","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κατακήομεν","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγῃ","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"παισὶν","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγῃ","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἄγῃ","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b7-l335","source":"οἴκαδʼ ἄγῃ ὅτʼ ἂν αὖτε νεώμεθα πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"when once we return home to our native land.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγῃ","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἄγῃ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"may carry"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεώμεθα","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"νεώμεθα","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"may return home"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of νεώμεθα","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b7-l336","source":"τύμβον δʼ ἀμφὶ πυρὴν ἕνα χεύομεν ἐξαγαγόντες","translation":"Around the pyre let us heap one common mound, bringing earth","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύμβον","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χεύομεν","gloss":"mound"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πυρὴν","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τύμβον","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"χεύομεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us heap"},{"surface":"ἐξαγαγόντες","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to χεύομεν","gloss":"bringing forth"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b7-l337","source":"ἄκριτον ἐκ πεδίου· ποτὶ δʼ αὐτὸν δείμομεν ὦκα","translation":"indiscriminately from the plain; and beside it let us quickly build","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκριτον","lemma":"ἄκριτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τύμβον","gloss":"undivided"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πεδίου","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δείμομεν","lemma":"δέμω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us build"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείμομεν","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b7-l338","source":"πύργους ὑψηλοὺς εἶλαρ νηῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν.","translation":"high towers as a bulwark for the ships and for ourselves.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πύργους","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δείμομεν","gloss":"towers"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοὺς","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πύργους","gloss":"lofty"},{"surface":"εἶλαρ","lemma":"εἶλαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bulwark"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"ourselves"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b7-l339","source":"ἐν δʼ αὐτοῖσι πύλας ποιήσομεν εὖ ἀραρυίας,","translation":"Within them let us make well-fitted gates,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖσι","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"πύλας","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ποιήσομεν","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"ποιήσομεν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us make"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀραρυίας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἀραρυίας","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies πύλας","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b7-l340","source":"ὄφρα διʼ αὐτάων ἱππηλασίη ὁδὸς εἴη·","translation":"so that through them there may be a roadway for chariots;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"αὐτάων","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δἰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἱππηλασίη","lemma":"ἱππηλάσιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδὸς","gloss":"chariot roadway"},{"surface":"ὁδὸς","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b7-l341","source":"ἔκτοσθεν δὲ βαθεῖαν ὀρύξομεν ἐγγύθι τάφρον,","translation":"and outside, close by, let us dig a deep trench,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκτοσθεν","lemma":"ἔκτοσθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρύξομεν","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βαθεῖαν","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τάφρον","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ὀρύξομεν","lemma":"ὀρύσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dig"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθι","lemma":"ἐγγύθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρύξομεν","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀρύξομεν","gloss":"trench"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b7-l342","source":"ἥ χʼ ἵππον καὶ λαὸν ἐρυκάκοι ἀμφὶς ἐοῦσα,","translation":"which, running all around, might hold back horse and men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l342.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἥ χʼ ... ἐρυκάκοι","title":"A potential optative","body":"ἐρυκάκοι is an optative with κε: the trench 'might hold back' attackers. Nestor presents the defensive result as the expected capability of the work they are proposing."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρυκάκοι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐρυκάκοι","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τάφρον","gloss":"might hold back"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐοῦσα","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐρυκάκοι","gloss":"surrounding"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b7-l343","source":"μή ποτʼ ἐπιβρίσῃ πόλεμος Τρώων ἀγερώχων.","translation":"lest the war of the proud Trojans ever press hard upon us.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐπιβρίσῃ","lemma":"ἐπιβρίθω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"press hard"},{"surface":"πόλεμος","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιβρίσῃ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλεμος","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγερώχων","lemma":"ἀγέρωχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b7-l344","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπῄνησαν βασιλῆες.","translation":"So he spoke, and all the kings gave their approval.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπῄνησαν","lemma":"ἐπαινέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"approved"},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπῄνησαν","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b7-l345","source":"Τρώων αὖτʼ ἀγορὴ γένετʼ Ἰλίου ἐν πόλει ἄκρῃ","translation":"Then an assembly of Trojans arose on the height of Ilion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἀγορὴ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόλει","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πόλει","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἄκρῃ","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλει","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b7-l346","source":"δεινὴ τετρηχυῖα, παρὰ Πριάμοιο θύρῃσι·","translation":"fierce and turbulent, beside the doors of Priam's house;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὴ","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"τετρηχυῖα","lemma":"ταράσσω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies","gloss":"turbulent"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύρῃσι","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"θύρῃσι","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"doors"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b7-l347","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀντήνωρ πεπνυμένος ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν·","translation":"and wise Antenor was first to address them:","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντήνωρ","lemma":"Ἀντήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"Antenor"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἀντήνωρ","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύειν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"to address"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b7-l348","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ Δάρδανοι ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι,","translation":"\"Hear me, you Trojans and Dardanians and allies;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δάρδανοι","lemma":"Δάρδανος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Dardanians"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουροι","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b7-l349","source":"ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει.","translation":"that I may speak what the heart in my breast commands.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"may speak"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κελεύει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b7-l350","source":"δεῦτʼ ἄγετʼ Ἀργείην Ἑλένην καὶ κτήμαθʼ ἅμʼ αὐτῇ","translation":"Come, let us give Argive Helen and all her possessions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦτ","lemma":"δεῦτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἄγετ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"Ἀργείην","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλένην","gloss":"Argive"},{"surface":"Ἑλένην","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγετ̓","gloss":"Helen"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτήμαθ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δώομεν","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b7-l351","source":"δώομεν Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν ἄγειν· νῦν δʼ ὅρκια πιστὰ","translation":"to the sons of Atreus to take away; for now we fight","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l351.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὅρκια πιστὰ","title":"The trusted oaths","body":"ὅρκια πιστά is the poem's fixed phrase for the sworn truce. Antenor points back to the sacrifice and promises of Book 3, whose violation now stains the Trojan cause."}],"words":[{"surface":"δώομεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us give"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δώομεν","gloss":"the sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"ἄγειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δώομεν","gloss":"to take away"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχόμεσθα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅρκια","lemma":"ὅρκιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ψευσάμενοι","gloss":"oaths"},{"surface":"πιστὰ","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκια","gloss":"trusted"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b7-l352","source":"ψευσάμενοι μαχόμεσθα· τὼ οὔ νύ τι κέρδιον ἡμῖν","translation":"after breaking the trusted oaths; therefore I do not expect","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψευσάμενοι","lemma":"ψεύδω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μαχόμεσθα","gloss":"breaking faith"},{"surface":"μαχόμεσθα","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we fight"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλπομαι","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλπομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκτελέεσθαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκτελέεσθαι","gloss":"for us"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b7-l353","source":"ἔλπομαι ἐκτελέεσθαι, ἵνα μὴ ῥέξομεν ὧδε.","translation":"any good outcome for us unless we act as I say.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλπομαι","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I expect"},{"surface":"ἐκτελέεσθαι","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπομαι","gloss":"to come to pass"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ῥέξομεν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέξομεν","gloss":"thus"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b7-l354","source":"ἤτοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη","translation":"So he spoke, and sat down; and among them rose up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέστη","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b7-l355","source":"δῖος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἑλένης πόσις ἠϋκόμοιο,","translation":"godlike Paris, husband of lovely-haired Helen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλέξανδρος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀλέξανδρος","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"Ἑλένης","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"of Helen"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ἠϋκόμοιο","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλένης","gloss":"lovely-haired"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b7-l356","source":"ὅς μιν ἀμειβόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"Answering Antenor, he addressed him with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b7-l357","source":"Ἀντῆνορ σὺ μὲν οὐκέτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις·","translation":"\"Antenor, these words you speak no longer please me;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντῆνορ","lemma":"Ἀντήνωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antenor"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φίλα","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φίλα","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b7-l358","source":"οἶσθα καὶ ἄλλον μῦθον ἀμείνονα τοῦδε νοῆσαι.","translation":"you know how to devise another speech better than this.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶσθα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you know how"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νοῆσαι","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀμείνονα","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"τοῦδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀμείνονα","gloss":"than this"},{"surface":"νοῆσαι","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of οἶσθα","gloss":"to devise"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b7-l359","source":"εἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν δὴ τοῦτον ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"But if you truly speak this in sober earnest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτεὸν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπουδῆς","lemma":"σπουδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"earnest"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"speak"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b7-l360","source":"ἐξ ἄρα δή τοι ἔπειτα θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν αὐτοί.","translation":"then the gods themselves have destroyed your wits.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤλεσαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤλεσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὤλεσαν","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"ὤλεσαν","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b7-l361","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Τρώεσσι μεθʼ ἱπποδάμοις ἀγορεύσω·","translation":"But I will declare to the horse-taming Trojans:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεθ̓","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοις","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώεσσι","gloss":"horse-taming"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύσω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will declare"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b7-l362","source":"ἀντικρὺ δʼ ἀπόφημι γυναῖκα μὲν οὐκ ἀποδώσω·","translation":"I tell you outright, I will not give back the woman.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόφημι","gloss":"outright"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπόφημι","lemma":"ἀπόφημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"say outright"},{"surface":"γυναῖκα","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποδώσω","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀποδώσω","lemma":"ἀποδίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give back"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b7-l363","source":"κτήματα δʼ ὅσσʼ ἀγόμην ἐξ Ἄργεος ἡμέτερον δῶ","translation":"Yet all the possessions I brought from Argos to our house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόμην","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"ἀγόμην","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κτήματα","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἄργεος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b7-l364","source":"πάντʼ ἐθέλω δόμεναι καὶ οἴκοθεν ἄλλʼ ἐπιθεῖναι.","translation":"I am willing to give, and to add still more from home.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτήματα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴκοθεν","lemma":"οἴκοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐπιθεῖναι","gloss":"from home"},{"surface":"ἄλλ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπιθεῖναι","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐπιθεῖναι","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to add"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b7-l365","source":"ἤτοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη","translation":"So he spoke, and sat down; and among them rose up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέστη","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b7-l366","source":"Δαρδανίδης Πρίαμος, θεόφιν μήστωρ ἀτάλαντος,","translation":"Priam, descendant of Dardanus, a counselor equal to the gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l366.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεόφιν μήστωρ ἀτάλαντος","title":"A counselor equal to the gods","body":"μήστωρ names one skilled in planning, and ἀτάλαντος means 'equal in weight' or 'a match for.' The old king is compared to the gods specifically in counsel, not in physical strength."}],"words":[{"surface":"Δαρδανίδης","lemma":"Δαρδανίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"son of Dardanus"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"θεόφιν","lemma":"θεόφιν","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"μήστωρ","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μήστωρ","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b7-l367","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπε·","translation":"with good will toward them, he addressed them and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"toward them"},{"surface":"ἐϋφρονέων","lemma":"εὐφρονέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b7-l368","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ Δάρδανοι ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι,","translation":"\"Hear me, you Trojans and Dardanians and allies;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δάρδανοι","lemma":"Δάρδανος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Dardanians"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουροι","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b7-l369","source":"ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει.","translation":"that I may speak what the heart in my breast commands.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"may speak"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κελεύει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b7-l370","source":"νῦν μὲν δόρπον ἕλεσθε κατὰ πτόλιν ὡς τὸ πάρος περ,","translation":"For now, take your supper throughout the city as before,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλεσθε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλεσθε","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"ἕλεσθε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b7-l371","source":"καὶ φυλακῆς μνήσασθε καὶ ἐγρήγορθε ἕκαστος·","translation":"and remember the watch, and let each man stay awake.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l371.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μνήσασθε ... ἐγρήγορθε","title":"Two commands, two aspects","body":"μνήσασθε is an aorist imperative, calling for the watch to be kept in mind; ἐγρήγορθε is a perfect imperative with present force, 'be awake.' Priam moves from the decision to the continuing state required through the night."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φυλακῆς","lemma":"φυλακή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσασθε","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"μνήσασθε","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγρήγορθε","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"perfect passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stay awake"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b7-l372","source":"ἠῶθεν δʼ Ἰδαῖος ἴτω κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας","translation":"At dawn let Idaeus go to the hollow ships","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἕωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴτω","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδαῖος","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴτω","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"ἴτω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b7-l373","source":"εἰπέμεν Ἀτρεΐδῃς Ἀγαμέμνονι καὶ Μενελάῳ","translation":"to tell the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπέμεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἴτω","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃς","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"the sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενελάῳ","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b7-l374","source":"μῦθον Ἀλεξάνδροιο, τοῦ εἵνεκα νεῖκος ὄρωρε·","translation":"the word of Paris, because of whom the quarrel arose;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰπέμεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"Ἀλεξάνδροιο","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"of Paris"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄρωρε","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"ὄρωρε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀλεξάνδροιο","gloss":"has arisen"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b7-l375","source":"καὶ δὲ τόδʼ εἰπέμεναι πυκινὸν ἔπος, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλωσι","translation":"and let him also speak this prudent word, in case they are willing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπέμεναι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"πυκινὸν","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"prudent"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἐθέλωσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of αἴ","gloss":"are willing"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b7-l376","source":"παύσασθαι πολέμοιο δυσηχέος, εἰς ὅ κε νεκροὺς","translation":"to cease from the harsh-sounding war until we burn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παύσασθαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλωσι","gloss":"to cease"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσασθαι","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δυσηχέος","lemma":"δυσηχής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"dread-echoing"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κήομεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"νεκροὺς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κήομεν","gloss":"the dead"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b7-l377","source":"κήομεν· ὕστερον αὖτε μαχησόμεθʼ εἰς ὅ κε δαίμων","translation":"the dead; afterward we shall fight again until a god","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l377.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰς ὅ κε","title":"Until with the subjunctive","body":"εἰς ὅ κε introduces an open-ended future limit, and διακρίνῃ on the next line is subjunctive: the armies will fight until a god separates or decides between them. The same two-line formulation returns in Idaeus's report."}],"words":[{"surface":"κήομεν","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"we burn"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μαχησόμεθ̓","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχησόμεθ̓","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μαχησόμεθ","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shall fight"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b7-l378","source":"ἄμμε διακρίνῃ, δώῃ δʼ ἑτέροισί γε νίκην.","translation":"parts us and grants victory to one side or the other.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμμε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of διακρίνῃ","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"διακρίνῃ","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"parts"},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"grants"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέροισί","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"one side"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b7-l379","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδʼ ἐπίθοντο·","translation":"So he spoke, and they listened closely and obeyed him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλύον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"κλύον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίθοντο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b7-l380","source":"δόρπον ἔπειθʼ εἵλοντο κατὰ στρατὸν ἐν τελέεσσιν·","translation":"Then throughout the camp they took supper in their companies.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἵλοντο","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵλοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἵλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τελέεσσιν","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"companies"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b7-l381","source":"ἠῶθεν δʼ Ἰδαῖος ἔβη κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας·","translation":"At dawn Idaeus went to the hollow ships.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἕωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδαῖος","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b7-l382","source":"τοὺς δʼ εὗρʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ Δαναοὺς θεράποντας Ἄρηος","translation":"He found the Danaans, servants of Ares, in assembly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l382.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεράποντας Ἄρηος","title":"Servants of Ares","body":"θεράπων can mean an attendant or devoted servant. Calling the Danaans 'servants of Ares' makes warfare itself the service to which the assembled heroes are bound."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὗρ","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he found"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"in assembly"},{"surface":"Δαναοὺς","lemma":"Δαναός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"θεράποντας","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"servants"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντας","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b7-l383","source":"νηῒ πάρα πρύμνῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος· αὐτὰρ ὃ τοῖσι","translation":"beside the stern of Agamemnon's ship; and among them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πάρα","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πρύμνῃ","lemma":"πρύμνα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"Agamemnon's"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"among them"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b7-l384","source":"στὰς ἐν μέσσοισιν μετεφώνεεν ἠπύτα κῆρυξ·","translation":"the loud-voiced herald stood in the midst and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετεφώνεεν","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσοισιν","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the midst"},{"surface":"μετεφώνεεν","lemma":"μεταφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ἠπύτα","lemma":"ἠπύτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρυξ","gloss":"loud-voiced"},{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"herald"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b7-l385","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, and you other princes of all the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστῆες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆες","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"chiefs"},{"surface":"Παναχαιῶν","lemma":"Παναχαιοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστῆες","gloss":"of all the Achaeans"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b7-l386","source":"ἠνώγει Πρίαμός τε καὶ ἄλλοι Τρῶες ἀγαυοὶ","translation":"Priam and the other noble Trojans commanded me","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"Πρίαμός","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοὶ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b7-l387","source":"εἰπεῖν, αἴ κέ περ ὔμμι φίλον καὶ ἡδὺ γένοιτο,","translation":"to tell you, if it should prove pleasing and welcome to you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠνώγει","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὔμμι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of γένοιτο","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"might turn out"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b7-l388","source":"μῦθον Ἀλεξάνδροιο, τοῦ εἵνεκα νεῖκος ὄρωρε·","translation":"the word of Paris, because of whom the quarrel arose;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰπεῖν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"Ἀλεξάνδροιο","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"of Paris"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄρωρε","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"ὄρωρε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀλεξάνδροιο","gloss":"has arisen"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b7-l389","source":"κτήματα μὲν ὅσʼ Ἀλέξανδρος κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσὶν","translation":"all the possessions Paris brought in the hollow ships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ὅσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἠγάγετο","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"Ἀλέξανδρος","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠγάγετο","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"κοίλῃς","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the ships"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b7-l390","source":"ἠγάγετο Τροίηνδʼ· ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλʼ ἀπολέσθαι·","translation":"to Troy — would that he had perished before then —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l390.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλʼ ἀπολέσθαι","title":"A wish that cannot be fulfilled","body":"ὤφελλε with the aorist infinitive ἀπολέσθαι voices a frustrated wish about the past: Paris ought to have died before bringing the treasure to Troy. Idaeus inserts the bitter aside into the formal offer."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠγάγετο","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κτήματα","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"Τροίηνδ","lemma":"Τροίανδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἠγάγετο","gloss":"to Troy"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"would that"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπολέσθαι","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ὤφελλ","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"he had"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὤφελλ̓","gloss":"perished"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b7-l391","source":"πάντʼ ἐθέλει δόμεναι καὶ οἴκοθεν ἄλλʼ ἐπιθεῖναι·","translation":"he is willing to give, and to add still more from home;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"all things"},{"surface":"ἐθέλει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴκοθεν","lemma":"οἴκοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιθεῖναι","gloss":"from home"},{"surface":"ἄλλ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπιθεῖναι","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐπιθεῖναι","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to add"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b7-l392","source":"κουριδίην δʼ ἄλοχον Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο","translation":"but the wedded wife of glorious Menelaus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κουριδίην","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλοχον","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώσειν","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"Μενελάου","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"of Menelaus"},{"surface":"κυδαλίμοιο","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενελάου","gloss":"glorious"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b7-l393","source":"οὔ φησιν δώσειν· ἦ μὴν Τρῶές γε κέλονται.","translation":"he says he will not give back, though the Trojans urge him to.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"φησιν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he says"},{"surface":"δώσειν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φησιν","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὴν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"Τρῶές","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κέλονται","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"κέλονται","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b7-l394","source":"καὶ δὲ τόδʼ ἠνώγεον εἰπεῖν ἔπος αἴ κʼ ἐθέλητε","translation":"They also commanded me to say this, if you are willing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἠνώγεον","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade"},{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠνώγεον","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἐθέλητε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"object","gloss":"wish"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b7-l395","source":"παύσασθαι πολέμοιο δυσηχέος εἰς ὅ κε νεκροὺς","translation":"to cease from the harsh-sounding war until we burn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παύσασθαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλητε","gloss":"to cease"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσασθαι","gloss":"from war"},{"surface":"δυσηχέος","lemma":"δυσηχής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"dread-echoing"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κήομεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"νεκροὺς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κήομεν","gloss":"the dead"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b7-l396","source":"κήομεν· ὕστερον αὖτε μαχησόμεθʼ εἰς ὅ κε δαίμων","translation":"the dead; afterward we shall fight again until a god","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήομεν","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"we burn"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μαχησόμεθ̓","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχησόμεθ̓","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"μαχησόμεθ","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fight"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b7-l397","source":"ἄμμε διακρίνῃ, δώῃ δʼ ἑτέροισί γε νίκην.","translation":"parts us and grants victory to one side or the other.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμμε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of διακρίνῃ","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"διακρίνῃ","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"parts"},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"grants"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέροισί","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"one side"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b7-l398","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ·","translation":"So he spoke, and they all fell hushed in silence;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b7-l399","source":"ὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"but at last Diomedes, good at the war-cry, spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀψὲ","lemma":"ὀψέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέειπε","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b7-l400","source":"μήτʼ ἄρ τις νῦν κτήματʼ Ἀλεξάνδροιο δεχέσθω","translation":"\"Let no one now accept the possessions of Paris,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δεχέσθω","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δεχέσθω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δεχέσθω","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"Ἀλεξάνδροιο","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κτήματ̓","gloss":"of Paris"},{"surface":"δεχέσθω","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him accept"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b7-l401","source":"μήθʼ Ἑλένην· γνωτὸν δὲ καὶ ὃς μάλα νήπιός ἐστιν","translation":"nor Helen; for it is plain even to one who is very foolish","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l401.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γνωτὸν ... καὶ ὃς μάλα νήπιός ἐστιν","title":"Plain even to a fool","body":"γνωτόν is impersonal, 'it is known' or 'plain,' and the relative clause supplies the observer: even one who is very foolish can see the truth. Diomedes makes Trojan defeat no longer a matter for negotiation."}],"words":[{"surface":"μήθ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Ἑλένην","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Helen"},{"surface":"γνωτὸν","lemma":"γνωτός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"νήπιός","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"foolish"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b7-l402","source":"ὡς ἤδη Τρώεσσιν ὀλέθρου πείρατʼ ἐφῆπται.","translation":"that the cords of destruction are already fastened upon the Trojans.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l402.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀλέθρου πείρατʼ ἐφῆπται","title":"The cords of destruction","body":"πείρατα are fastenings, bonds, or cords, and ἐφῆπται says they have already been attached. Diomedes pictures Troy's destruction as something tied onto the city and now impossible to cast off."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφῆπται","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφῆπται","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὀλέθρου","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πείρατ̓","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"πείρατ","lemma":"πεῖραρ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐφῆπται","gloss":"cords"},{"surface":"ἐφῆπται","lemma":"ἐφάπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object","gloss":"are fastened"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b7-l403","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπίαχον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"So he spoke, and all the sons of the Achaeans shouted aloud,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπίαχον","lemma":"ἐπιάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b7-l404","source":"μῦθον ἀγασσάμενοι Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο·","translation":"marveling at the word of Diomedes, tamer of horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγασσάμενοι","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀγασσάμενοι","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπίαχον","gloss":"marveling at"},{"surface":"Διομήδεος","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδεος","gloss":"tamer of horses"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b7-l405","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ Ἰδαῖον προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then the lord Agamemnon spoke to Idaeus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἰδαῖον","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b7-l406","source":"Ἰδαῖʼ ἤτοι μῦθον Ἀχαιῶν αὐτὸς ἀκούεις","translation":"\"Idaeus, you yourself hear the word of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδαῖ","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούεις","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἀκούεις","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you hear"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b7-l407","source":"ὥς τοι ὑποκρίνονται· ἐμοὶ δʼ ἐπιανδάνει οὕτως","translation":"how they answer you; and their answer pleases me as well.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὑποκρίνονται","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ὑποκρίνονται","lemma":"ὑποκρίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιανδάνει","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιανδάνει","lemma":"ἐφανδάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleases"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιανδάνει","gloss":"thus"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b7-l408","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ νεκροῖσιν κατακαιέμεν οὔ τι μεγαίρω·","translation":"But as for the dead, I do not begrudge you their burning;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεκροῖσιν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"κατακαιέμεν","lemma":"κατακαίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μεγαίρω","gloss":"to burn"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μεγαίρω","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μεγαίρω","lemma":"μεγαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begrudge"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b7-l409","source":"οὐ γάρ τις φειδὼ νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων","translation":"for there is no sparing the bodies of the dead","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies φειδὼ","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"φειδὼ","lemma":"φειδώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνετ̓","gloss":"sparing"},{"surface":"νεκύων","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φειδὼ","gloss":"of the dead"},{"surface":"κατατεθνηώτων","lemma":"καταθνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies νεκύων","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b7-l410","source":"γίγνετʼ ἐπεί κε θάνωσι πυρὸς μειλισσέμεν ὦκα.","translation":"once they have died, but we must swiftly appease them with fire.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arises"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"θάνωσι","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"have died"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πυρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φειδὼ","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"μειλισσέμεν","lemma":"μειλίσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to φειδὼ","gloss":"appease"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μειλισσέμεν","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b7-l411","source":"ὅρκια δὲ Ζεὺς ἴστω ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης.","translation":"And let loud-thundering Zeus, husband of Hera, witness the oaths.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅρκια","lemma":"ὅρκιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἴστω","gloss":"oaths"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἴστω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him witness"},{"surface":"ἐρίγδουπος","lemma":"ἐρίγδουπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"loud-thundering"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"Ἥρης","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"Hera’s"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b7-l412","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν τὸ σκῆπτρον ἀνέσχεθε πᾶσι θεοῖσιν,","translation":"So speaking, he raised the scepter before all the gods,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέσχεθε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies σκῆπτρον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέσχεθε","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"ἀνέσχεθε","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνέσχεθε","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b7-l413","source":"ἄψορρον δʼ Ἰδαῖος ἔβη προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρήν.","translation":"and Idaeus went back again toward sacred Ilion.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄψορρον","lemma":"ἄψορρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδαῖος","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρήν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"holy"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b7-l414","source":"οἳ δʼ ἕατʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ Τρῶες καὶ Δαρδανίωνες","translation":"The Trojans and Dardanians sat in assembly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕατ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were sitting"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"in assembly"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίωνες","lemma":"Δαρδανίων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Dardanians"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b7-l415","source":"πάντες ὁμηγερέες, ποτιδέγμενοι ὁππότʼ ἄρʼ ἔλθοι","translation":"all gathered together, waiting for Idaeus to return.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὁμηγερέες","lemma":"ὁμηγερής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gathered together"},{"surface":"ποτιδέγμενοι","lemma":"προσδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕατ̓","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὁππότ̓","gloss":"might come"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b7-l416","source":"Ἰδαῖος· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἦλθε καὶ ἀγγελίην ἀπέειπε","translation":"He came and delivered his message,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδαῖος","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθοι","gloss":"Idaeus"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπέειπε","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"ἀπέειπε","lemma":"ἀπεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"delivered"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b7-l417","source":"στὰς ἐν μέσσοισιν· τοὶ δʼ ὁπλίζοντο μάλʼ ὦκα,","translation":"standing in their midst; and they made ready with all speed","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέειπε","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσοισιν","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the midst"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἕτεροι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁπλίζοντο","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁπλίζοντο","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b7-l418","source":"ἀμφότερον νέκυάς τʼ ἀγέμεν ἕτεροι δὲ μεθʼ ὕλην·","translation":"for a twofold task, some to gather the dead and others to fetch wood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφότερον","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in both respects"},{"surface":"νέκυάς","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγέμεν","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγέμεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"to gather"},{"surface":"ἕτεροι","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀγέμεν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for timber"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b7-l419","source":"Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐϋσσέλμων ἀπὸ νηῶν","translation":"From the other side, the Argives left their well-benched ships","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὀτρύνοντο","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀτρύνοντο","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμων","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b7-l420","source":"ὀτρύνοντο νέκυς τʼ ἀγέμεν, ἕτεροι δὲ μεθʼ ὕλην.","translation":"and hastened, some to gather the dead and others to fetch wood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνοντο","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hastened"},{"surface":"νέκυς","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγέμεν","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγέμεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνοντο","gloss":"to gather"},{"surface":"ἕτεροι","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for timber"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b7-l421","source":"Ἠέλιος μὲν ἔπειτα νέον προσέβαλλεν ἀρούρας","translation":"Then Helios had only just begun to strike the fields,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέβαλλεν","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέβαλλεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προσέβαλλεν","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"προσέβαλλεν","lemma":"προσβάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was striking"},{"surface":"ἀρούρας","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of προσέβαλλεν","gloss":"plowland"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b7-l422","source":"ἐξ ἀκαλαρρείταο βαθυρρόου Ὠκεανοῖο","translation":"climbing into heaven from gently flowing, deep-streaming Oceanus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀκαλαρρείταο","lemma":"ἀκαλαρρείτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὠκεανοῖο","gloss":"gently flowing"},{"surface":"βαθυρρόου","lemma":"βαθύρροος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὠκεανοῖο","gloss":"deep-flowing"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"̓ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"Ocean"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b7-l423","source":"οὐρανὸν εἰσανιών· οἳ δʼ ἤντεον ἀλλήλοισιν.","translation":"when the two armies met one another.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσανιών","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εἰσανιών","lemma":"εἰσάνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέβαλλεν","gloss":"entering"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤντεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤντεον","lemma":"ἀντάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἤντεον","gloss":"to one another"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b7-l424","source":"ἔνθα διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον·","translation":"There it was hard to distinguish each man;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l424.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν","title":"An infinitive with an impersonal expression","body":"ἦν with the adverb χαλεπῶς forms an impersonal expression, 'it was difficult,' and the infinitive διαγνῶναι states what was difficult: recognizing one fallen man from another."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"διαγνῶναι","lemma":"διαγιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"distinguish"},{"surface":"χαλεπῶς","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"with difficulty"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διαγνῶναι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b7-l425","source":"ἀλλʼ ὕδατι νίζοντες ἄπο βρότον αἱματόεντα","translation":"but they washed the blood-clotted gore away with water,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l425.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βρότον αἱματόεντα","title":"Blood-caked gore","body":"βρότος here is not the ordinary word for a mortal but a rare noun for clotted blood or gore. The adjective αἱματόεντα reinforces the bloodiness of what must be washed from the bodies before recognition."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὕδατι","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νίζοντες","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"νίζοντες","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπάειραν","gloss":"washing"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"βρότον","lemma":"βρότος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νίζοντες","gloss":"gore"},{"surface":"αἱματόεντα","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βρότον","gloss":"bloody"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b7-l426","source":"δάκρυα θερμὰ χέοντες ἀμαξάων ἐπάειραν.","translation":"shed hot tears, and lifted the bodies onto wagons.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χέοντες","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"θερμὰ","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυα","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"χέοντες","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπάειραν","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"ἀμαξάων","lemma":"ἄμαξα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπάειραν","gloss":"wagons"},{"surface":"ἐπάειραν","lemma":"ἐπαείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b7-l427","source":"οὐδʼ εἴα κλαίειν Πρίαμος μέγας· οἳ δὲ σιωπῇ","translation":"Great Priam would not allow wailing; and in silence","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"κλαίειν","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴα","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴα","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρίαμος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπινήνεον","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b7-l428","source":"νεκροὺς πυρκαϊῆς ἐπινήνεον ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ,","translation":"they heaped the dead upon the pyre, grieving at heart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκροὺς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπινήνεον","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"πυρκαϊῆς","lemma":"πυρκαιά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπινήνεον","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"ἐπινήνεον","lemma":"ἐπινηνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaped"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπινήνεον","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀχνύμενοι","gloss":"at heart"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b7-l429","source":"ἐν δὲ πυρὶ πρήσαντες ἔβαν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρήν.","translation":"and after burning them in the fire they went toward sacred Ilion.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"πρήσαντες","lemma":"πίμπρημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρήν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b7-l430","source":"ὣς δʼ αὔτως ἑτέρωθεν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"And just so, on the other side, the well-greaved Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπινήνεον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπινήνεον","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπινήνεον","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b7-l431","source":"νεκροὺς πυρκαϊῆς ἐπινήνεον ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ,","translation":"they heaped the dead upon the pyre, grieving at heart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκροὺς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπινήνεον","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"πυρκαϊῆς","lemma":"πυρκαιά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπινήνεον","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"ἐπινήνεον","lemma":"ἐπινηνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaped"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀχνύμενοι","gloss":"at heart"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b7-l432","source":"ἐν δὲ πυρὶ πρήσαντες ἔβαν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας.","translation":"and after burning them in the fire they went to the hollow ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"πρήσαντες","lemma":"πίμπρημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b7-l433","source":"ἦμος δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρ πω ἠώς, ἔτι δʼ ἀμφιλύκη νύξ,","translation":"When it was not yet dawn, but night still held its twilight,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l433.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἦμος","title":"When ... then","body":"This line's ἦμος and the next line's answering τῆμος frame the time and action: 'when' the night was in its dim border before dawn, 'then' the chosen Achaeans rose around the pyre."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφιλύκη","lemma":"ἀμφιλύκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νύξ","gloss":"twilight"},{"surface":"νύξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b7-l434","source":"τῆμος ἄρʼ ἀμφὶ πυρὴν κριτὸς ἔγρετο λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"then a picked force of Achaeans rose around the pyre.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆμος","lemma":"τῆμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πυρὴν","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"κριτὸς","lemma":"κριτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸς","gloss":"picked"},{"surface":"ἔγρετο","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"awoke"},{"surface":"λαὸς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸς","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b7-l435","source":"τύμβον δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὴν ἕνα ποίεον ἐξαγαγόντες","translation":"Around it they made one common mound, bringing earth","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύμβον","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποίεον","gloss":"the tomb"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τύμβον","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ποίεον","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἐξαγαγόντες","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ποίεον","gloss":"bringing earth"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b7-l436","source":"ἄκριτον ἐκ πεδίου, ποτὶ δʼ αὐτὸν τεῖχος ἔδειμαν","translation":"indiscriminately from the plain; and beside it they built a wall","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκριτον","lemma":"ἄκριτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τύμβον","gloss":"undivided"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πεδίου","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἔδειμαν","lemma":"δέμω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"built"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b7-l437","source":"πύργους θʼ ὑψηλούς, εἶλαρ νηῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν.","translation":"and high towers as a bulwark for the ships and for themselves.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πύργους","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"towers"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑψηλούς","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πύργους","gloss":"lofty"},{"surface":"εἶλαρ","lemma":"εἶλαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bulwark"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b7-l438","source":"ἐν δʼ αὐτοῖσι πύλας ἐνεποίεον εὖ ἀραρυίας,","translation":"Within them they made well-fitted gates,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖσι","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"πύλας","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνεποίεον","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"ἐνεποίεον","lemma":"ἐμποιέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀραρυίας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἀραρυίας","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies πύλας","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b7-l439","source":"ὄφρα διʼ αὐτάων ἱππηλασίη ὁδὸς εἴη·","translation":"so that through them there may be a roadway for chariots;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"αὐτάων","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δἰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἱππηλασίη","lemma":"ἱππηλασία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὁδὸς","gloss":"chariot roadway"},{"surface":"ὁδὸς","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b7-l440","source":"ἔκτοσθεν δὲ βαθεῖαν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τάφρον ὄρυξαν","translation":"and outside, beside the wall, they dug a deep trench,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκτοσθεν","lemma":"ἔκτοσθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρυξαν","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βαθεῖαν","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τάφρον","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄρυξαν","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"ὄρυξαν","lemma":"ὀρύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dug"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b7-l441","source":"εὐρεῖαν μεγάλην, ἐν δὲ σκόλοπας κατέπηξαν.","translation":"broad and great, and drove stakes down within it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐρεῖαν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκόλοπας","lemma":"σκόλοψ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατέπηξαν","gloss":"stakes"},{"surface":"κατέπηξαν","lemma":"καταπήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"planted"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b7-l442","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν πονέοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"So the long-haired Achaeans labored there;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πονέοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"πονέοντο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"toiled"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κομόωντες","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b7-l443","source":"οἳ δὲ θεοὶ πὰρ Ζηνὶ καθήμενοι ἀστεροπητῇ","translation":"and the gods, seated beside Zeus, lord of the lightning,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θηεῦντο","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Ζηνὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"καθήμενοι","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θηεῦντο","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"ἀστεροπητῇ","lemma":"ἀστεροπητής","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζηνὶ","gloss":"lord of the lightning"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b7-l444","source":"θηεῦντο μέγα ἔργον Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων.","translation":"marveled at the great work of the bronze-clad Achaeans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θηεῦντο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θηεῦντο","gloss":"the work"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b7-l445","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·","translation":"Poseidon the earth-shaker was first to speak among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l445.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων","title":"Poseidon the earth-shaker","body":"ἐνοσίχθων, 'earth-shaker,' is Poseidon's standing epithet, joining his power over earthquakes to the heaving sea. Here he reacts as a divine builder whose own wall may be eclipsed."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b7-l446","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥά τίς ἐστι βροτῶν ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν","translation":"\"Father Zeus, is there now any mortal upon the boundless earth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀπείρονα","lemma":"ἀπείρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b7-l447","source":"ὅς τις ἔτʼ ἀθανάτοισι νόον καὶ μῆτιν ἐνίψει;","translation":"who will still tell the immortals his thought and counsel?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνίψει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνίψει","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐνίψει","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"ἐνίψει","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τίς","gloss":"will tell"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b7-l448","source":"οὐχ ὁράᾳς ὅτι δʼ αὖτε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Do you not see how once again the long-haired Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὁράᾳς","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κομόωντες","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b7-l449","source":"τεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕπερ, ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον","translation":"have walled a wall above their ships and driven a trench","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐτειχίσσαντο","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἐτειχίσσαντο","lemma":"τειχίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"walled"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὕπερ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ὕπερ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤλασαν","gloss":"trench"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b7-l450","source":"ἤλασαν, οὐδὲ θεοῖσι δόσαν κλειτὰς ἑκατόμβας;","translation":"around it, yet gave the gods no glorious hecatombs?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλασαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"κλειτὰς","lemma":"κλειτός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβας","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβας","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"hecatombs"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b7-l451","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἤτοι κλέος ἔσται ὅσον τʼ ἐπικίδναται ἠώς·","translation":"Its fame will reach as far as Dawn spreads her light,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l451.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"The fame of a wall","body":"κλέος is usually the fame won by heroes and carried in song. Poseidon applies it to the Achaean wall, whose renown threatens to displace the divine construction he and Apollo raised for Troy."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπικίδναται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπικίδναται","lemma":"ἐπικίδνημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"spreads"},{"surface":"ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπικίδναται","gloss":"dawn"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b7-l452","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἐπιλήσονται τὸ ἐγὼ καὶ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"and men will forget the wall that I and Phoebus Apollo","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιλήσονται","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιλήσονται","lemma":"ἐπιλήθω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forget"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πολίσσαμεν","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b7-l453","source":"ἥρῳ Λαομέδοντι πολίσσαμεν ἀθλήσαντε.","translation":"built for the hero Laomedon when we labored for him.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρῳ","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαομέδοντι","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Λαομέδοντι","lemma":"Λαομέδων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πολίσσαμεν","gloss":"Laomedon"},{"surface":"πολίσσαμεν","lemma":"πολίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῦ","gloss":"built"},{"surface":"ἀθλήσαντε","lemma":"ἀθλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to πολίσσαμεν","gloss":"labored"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b7-l454","source":"τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer, deeply angered, answered him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀχθήσας","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b7-l455","source":"ὢ πόποι ἐννοσίγαιʼ εὐρυσθενές, οἷον ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Ah, Earth-shaker of broad strength, what a thing you have said.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"good heavens"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαι","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Earth-shaker"},{"surface":"εὐρυσθενές","lemma":"εὐρυσθενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαἰ","gloss":"wide-powered"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"what a thing"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b7-l456","source":"ἄλλός κέν τις τοῦτο θεῶν δείσειε νόημα,","translation":"Some other god might fear this design,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλός","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δείσειε","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νόημα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"δείσειε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"νόημα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δείσειε","gloss":"design"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b7-l457","source":"ὃς σέο πολλὸν ἀφαυρότερος χεῖράς τε μένος τε·","translation":"one far weaker than you in hands and strength;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀφαυρότερος","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀφαυρότερος","lemma":"ἀφαυρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weaker"},{"surface":"χεῖράς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b7-l458","source":"σὸν δʼ ἤτοι κλέος ἔσται ὅσον τʼ ἐπικίδναται ἠώς.","translation":"but your fame will reach as far as Dawn spreads her light.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπικίδναται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπικίδναται","lemma":"ἐπικίδνημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"spreads"},{"surface":"ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπικίδναται","gloss":"dawn"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b7-l459","source":"ἄγρει μὰν ὅτʼ ἂν αὖτε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Come then: when once again the long-haired Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγρει","lemma":"ἀγρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κομόωντες","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of οἴχωνται","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b7-l460","source":"οἴχωνται σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν","translation":"depart in their ships for their dear native land,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχωνται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"depart"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b7-l461","source":"τεῖχος ἀναρρήξας τὸ μὲν εἰς ἅλα πᾶν καταχεῦαι,","translation":"tear their wall apart and pour all of it into the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀναρρήξας","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἀναρρήξας","lemma":"ἀναρρήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καταχεῦαι","gloss":"tear apart"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of καταχεῦαι","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καταχεῦαι","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"καταχεῦαι","lemma":"καταχεύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"pour down"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b7-l462","source":"αὖτις δʼ ἠϊόνα μεγάλην ψαμάθοισι καλύψαι,","translation":"then cover the broad shore again with sand,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καλύψαι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠϊόνα","lemma":"ἠιών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καλύψαι","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠϊόνα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ψαμάθοισι","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καλύψαι","gloss":"grains of sand"},{"surface":"καλύψαι","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"cover"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b7-l463","source":"ὥς κέν τοι μέγα τεῖχος ἀμαλδύνηται Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"so that the Achaeans' great wall may be blotted away.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀμαλδύνηται","gloss":"the wall"},{"surface":"ἀμαλδύνηται","lemma":"ἀμαλδύνω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"blotted away"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b7-l464","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,","translation":"So they spoke such words to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were speaking"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b7-l465","source":"δύσετο δʼ ἠέλιος, τετέλεστο δὲ ἔργον Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"and Helios went down, and the Achaeans' work stood finished.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l465.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τετέλεστο","title":"The work stood complete","body":"τετέλεστο is pluperfect middle-passive: by sunset the work had been brought to completion and now stood finished. The tense looks back over the labor just narrated while presenting its completed result."}],"words":[{"surface":"δύσετο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύσετο","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"τετέλεστο","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was finished"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τετέλεστο","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b7-l466","source":"βουφόνεον δὲ κατὰ κλισίας καὶ δόρπον ἕλοντο.","translation":"They slaughtered oxen throughout the shelters and took supper.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουφόνεον","lemma":"βουφονέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slaughtered oxen"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the huts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b7-l467","source":"νῆες δʼ ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέσταν οἶνον ἄγουσαι","translation":"Ships had come alongside from Lemnos, carrying wine,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of παρέσταν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Λήμνοιο","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"παρέσταν","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came up beside"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγουσαι","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἄγουσαι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to παρέσταν","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b7-l468","source":"πολλαί, τὰς προέηκεν Ἰησονίδης Εὔνηος,","translation":"many of them, sent by Euneus, the son of Jason,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλαί","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of προέηκεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"προέηκεν","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νῆες","gloss":"he sent forth"},{"surface":"Ἰησονίδης","lemma":"Ἰησονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔνηος","gloss":"son of Jason"},{"surface":"Εὔνηος","lemma":"Εὔνηος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προέηκεν","gloss":"Euneus"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b7-l469","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἔτεχʼ Ὑψιπύλη ὑπʼ Ἰήσονι ποιμένι λαῶν.","translation":"whom Hypsipyle bore to Jason, shepherd of the people.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτεχ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτεχ","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Εὔνηος","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Ὑψιπύλη","lemma":"Ὑψιπύλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔτεχ̓","gloss":"Hypsipyle"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἰήσονι","lemma":"Ἰήσων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"Jason"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰήσονι","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b7-l470","source":"χωρὶς δʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃς Ἀγαμέμνονι καὶ Μενελάῳ","translation":"And separately, to the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωρὶς","lemma":"χωρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"separately"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃς","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"the sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενελάῳ","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b7-l471","source":"δῶκεν Ἰησονίδης ἀγέμεν μέθυ χίλια μέτρα.","translation":"the son of Jason gave a thousand measures of wine to carry away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Ἰησονίδης","lemma":"Ἰησονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"son of Jason"},{"surface":"ἀγέμεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"to carry away"},{"surface":"μέθυ","lemma":"μέθυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"χίλια","lemma":"χίλιοι","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέτρα","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"μέτρα","lemma":"μέτρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"measures"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b7-l472","source":"ἔνθεν οἰνίζοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"From those ships the long-haired Achaeans bought wine,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἰνίζοντο","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"οἰνίζοντο","lemma":"οἰνίζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bought wine"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κομόωντες","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of οἰνίζοντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b7-l473","source":"ἄλλοι μὲν χαλκῷ, ἄλλοι δʼ αἴθωνι σιδήρῳ,","translation":"some for bronze, others for gleaming iron,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for bronze"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴθωνι","lemma":"αἴθων","morphology":"dative singular noun","role":"modifies σιδήρῳ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"σιδήρῳ","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b7-l474","source":"ἄλλοι δὲ ῥινοῖς, ἄλλοι δʼ αὐτῇσι βόεσσιν,","translation":"others for hides, others for cattle on the hoof,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥινοῖς","lemma":"ῥινόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hides"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῇσι","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βόεσσιν","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"βόεσσιν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b7-l475","source":"ἄλλοι δʼ ἀνδραπόδεσσι· τίθεντο δὲ δαῖτα θάλειαν.","translation":"and others for enslaved people; and they laid out a rich feast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδραπόδεσσι","lemma":"ἀνδράποδον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"enslaved people"},{"surface":"τίθεντο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τίθεντο","gloss":"a feast"},{"surface":"θάλειαν","lemma":"θάλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δαῖτα","gloss":"rich"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b7-l476","source":"παννύχιοι μὲν ἔπειτα κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Then all night long the long-haired Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παννύχιοι","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the whole night"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κομόωντες","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δαίνυντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b7-l477","source":"δαίνυντο, Τρῶες δὲ κατὰ πτόλιν ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι·","translation":"feasted, and the Trojans and their allies throughout the city.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυντο","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feasted"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουροι","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b7-l478","source":"παννύχιος δέ σφιν κακὰ μήδετο μητίετα Ζεὺς","translation":"But all night long Zeus the counselor devised evils for them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παννύχιος","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"μήδετο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was devising"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"the counselor"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μήδετο","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b7-l479","source":"σμερδαλέα κτυπέων· τοὺς δὲ χλωρὸν δέος ᾕρει·","translation":"thundering terribly; and pale fear seized them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l479.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χλωρὸν δέος","title":"Pale fear","body":"χλωρός can describe a greenish or blood-drained pallor. Joined to δέος, it makes fear visible on the body as the men blanch beneath Zeus's threatening thunder."}],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέα","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κτυπέων","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"κτυπέων","lemma":"κτυπέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μήδετο","gloss":"thundering"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ᾕρει","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χλωρὸν","lemma":"χλωρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέος","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ᾕρει","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ᾕρει","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b7-l480","source":"οἶνον δʼ ἐκ δεπάων χαμάδις χέον, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη","translation":"They poured wine from their cups onto the ground, and no one dared","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χέον","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δεπάων","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"cups"},{"surface":"χαμάδις","lemma":"χαμάδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of χέον","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"χέον","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλη","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἔτλη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b7-l481","source":"πρὶν πιέειν πρὶν λεῖψαι ὑπερμενέϊ Κρονίωνι.","translation":"to drink before he had poured a libation to the exceedingly mighty son of Cronos.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l481.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πρὶν πιέειν πρὶν λεῖψαι","title":"Before ... before","body":"The repeated πρίν sets two infinitives against each other: no one dared 'to drink before pouring a libation.' The doubled structure makes the ritual order absolute under Zeus's thunder."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πιέειν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πιέειν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλη","gloss":"to drink"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"λεῖψαι","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"pour a libation"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέϊ","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνι","gloss":"exceedingly mighty"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖψαι","gloss":"son of Cronos"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b7-l482","source":"κοιμήσαντʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα καὶ ὕπνου δῶρον ἕλοντο.","translation":"Then they lay down and took the gift of sleep.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b7-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοιμήσαντ","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down to sleep"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιμήσαντ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπνου","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶρον","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"δῶρον","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"gift"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"}]}]}