{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":8,"id":"book-08","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Θ","translated":"Book 8 — Zeus Turns the Battle"},"section":"The Wrath","summary":"Zeus forbids the gods to fight and drives the Greeks back to the wall. The Trojans camp on the plain, their fires like stars.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/8","lines":565},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/7","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/9","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b8-l1","source":"Ἠὼς μὲν κροκόπεπλος ἐκίδνατο πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν,","translation":"Saffron-robed Dawn spread over all the earth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἠὼς μὲν κροκόπεπλος ἐκίδνατο πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν,","title":"Saffron-robed Dawn","body":"κροκόπεπλος is a feminine nominative singular compound adjective modifying Ἠὼς. It presents Dawn as wearing a saffron-colored robe, an image for the yellow-orange light spreading over the earth."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκίδνατο","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κροκόπεπλος","lemma":"κροκόπεπλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠὼς","gloss":"saffron-robed"},{"surface":"ἐκίδνατο","lemma":"κίδναμαι","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶαν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αἶαν","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b8-l2","source":"Ζεὺς δὲ θεῶν ἀγορὴν ποιήσατο τερπικέραυνος","translation":"and Zeus, who delights in thunder, called the gods to council","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ποιήσατο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγορὴν","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποιήσατο","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"ποιήσατο","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"τερπικέραυνος","lemma":"τερπικέραυνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"who delights in thunder"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b8-l3","source":"ἀκροτάτῃ κορυφῇ πολυδειράδος Οὐλύμποιο·","translation":"upon the topmost peak of many-ridged Olympus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκροτάτῃ","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies κορυφῇ","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"κορυφῇ","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ποιήσατο","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"πολυδειράδος","lemma":"πολυδειράς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Οὐλύμποιο","gloss":"many-ridged"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κορυφῇ","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b8-l4","source":"αὐτὸς δέ σφʼ ἀγόρευε, θεοὶ δʼ ὑπὸ πάντες ἄκουον·","translation":"he spoke himself, and all the gods below him listened:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄκουον","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἄκουον","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listened"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b8-l5","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ πάντές τε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι,","translation":"\"Hear me, all you gods and all you goddesses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κέκλυτέ μευ πάντές τε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι,","title":"A perfect imperative","body":"κέκλυτέ is the second-person plural perfect active imperative of the verb meaning hear or heed. The perfect form has present force here: Zeus commands the entire assembly to give him their attention."}],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πάντές","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"πᾶσαί","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"vocative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θέαιναι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέαιναι","lemma":"θέαινα","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddesses"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b8-l6","source":"ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει.","translation":"that I may speak what the heart in my breast commands.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"I may speak"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κελεύει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b8-l7","source":"μήτέ τις οὖν θήλεια θεὸς τό γε μήτέ τις ἄρσην","translation":"Let no god, whether female or male,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτέ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θήλεια","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"female"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"μήτέ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἄρσην","lemma":"ἄρσην","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"male"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b8-l8","source":"πειράτω διακέρσαι ἐμὸν ἔπος, ἀλλʼ ἅμα πάντες","translation":"attempt to cut across my word, but all together","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πειράτω","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him attempt"},{"surface":"διακέρσαι","lemma":"διακείρω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of πειράτω","gloss":"to cut across"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διακέρσαι","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἰνεῖτ̓","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of αἰνεῖτ̓","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b8-l9","source":"αἰνεῖτʼ, ὄφρα τάχιστα τελευτήσω τάδε ἔργα.","translation":"approve it, so I may bring these deeds to pass most swiftly.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰνεῖτ","lemma":"αἰνέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"approve"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τελευτήσω","gloss":"most swiftly"},{"surface":"τελευτήσω","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"bring to pass"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τελευτήσω","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b8-l10","source":"ὃν δʼ ἂν ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε θεῶν ἐθέλοντα νοήσω","translation":"Whomever I perceive apart from all the gods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νοήσω","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νοήσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"νοήσω","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"subject of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"I perceive"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b8-l11","source":"ἐλθόντʼ ἢ Τρώεσσιν ἀρηγέμεν ἢ Δαναοῖσι","translation":"going willingly to aid the Trojans or Danaans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρηγέμεν","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐλθόντ̓","gloss":"to aid"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"to the Danaans"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b8-l12","source":"πληγεὶς οὐ κατὰ κόσμον ἐλεύσεται Οὔλυμπον δέ·","translation":"shall come back beaten and dishonored to Olympus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πληγεὶς","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"beaten"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"good order"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall return"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b8-l13","source":"ἤ μιν ἑλὼν ῥίψω ἐς Τάρταρον ἠερόεντα","translation":"or I shall seize and hurl him into murky Tartarus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ῥίψω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥίψω","gloss":"having seized"},{"surface":"ῥίψω","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall hurl"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Τάρταρον","lemma":"Τάρταρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Tartarus"},{"surface":"ἠερόεντα","lemma":"ἠερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τάρταρον","gloss":"murky"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b8-l14","source":"τῆλε μάλʼ, ἧχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον,","translation":"far off, where the deepest gulf lies under earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥίψω","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἧχι","lemma":"ἧχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"βάθιστον","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέρεθρον","gloss":"deepest"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χθονός","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὑπὸ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"βέρεθρον","lemma":"βάραθρον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"gulf"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b8-l15","source":"ἔνθα σιδήρειαί τε πύλαι καὶ χάλκεος οὐδός,","translation":"where gates are made of iron, the threshold bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"σιδήρειαί","lemma":"σιδήρεος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πύλαι","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πύλαι","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάλκεος","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐδός","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"οὐδός","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"threshold"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b8-l16","source":"τόσσον ἔνερθʼ Ἀΐδεω ὅσον οὐρανός ἐστʼ ἀπὸ γαίης·","translation":"as far beneath Hades as heaven is above the earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔνερθ̓","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"ἔνερθ","lemma":"ἔνερθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδεω","lemma":"Ἀΐδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνερθ̓","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐστ̓","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"οὐρανός","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστ̓","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἐστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τόσσον","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b8-l17","source":"γνώσετʼ ἔπειθʼ ὅσον εἰμὶ θεῶν κάρτιστος ἁπάντων.","translation":"Then he shall know how far I am the strongest of all gods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνώσετ","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he shall know"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνώσετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰμὶ","gloss":"how far"},{"surface":"εἰμὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of γνώσετ̓","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κάρτιστος","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"κάρτιστος","lemma":"κράτιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strongest"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b8-l18","source":"εἰ δʼ ἄγε πειρήσασθε θεοὶ ἵνα εἴδετε πάντες·","translation":"Come then, you gods, make trial, so you all may know:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"πειρήσασθε","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make trial"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πειρήσασθε","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἴδετε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἴδετε","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b8-l19","source":"σειρὴν χρυσείην ἐξ οὐρανόθεν κρεμάσαντες","translation":"hang down a golden cable out of heaven,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σειρὴν","lemma":"σειρά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κρεμάσαντες","gloss":"cable"},{"surface":"χρυσείην","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σειρὴν","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"κρεμάσαντες","lemma":"κρεμάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, vocative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξάπτεσθε","gloss":"hanging down"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b8-l20","source":"πάντές τʼ ἐξάπτεσθε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι·","translation":"and all take hold, every god and goddess;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντές","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξάπτεσθε","lemma":"ἐξάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take hold"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"πᾶσαί","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"vocative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θέαιναι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέαιναι","lemma":"θέαινα","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddesses"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b8-l21","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἂν ἐρύσαιτʼ ἐξ οὐρανόθεν πεδίον δὲ","translation":"yet you could never drag from heaven down to earth","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαιτ","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you could drag"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρύσαιτ̓","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b8-l22","source":"Ζῆνʼ ὕπατον μήστωρʼ, οὐδʼ εἰ μάλα πολλὰ κάμοιτε.","translation":"Zeus, highest counselor, though you labored hard.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζῆν","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσαιτ̓","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὕπατον","lemma":"ὕπατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζῆν̓","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"μήστωρ","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζῆν̓","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κάμοιτε","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κάμοιτε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you should toil"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b8-l23","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ ἐγὼ πρόφρων ἐθέλοιμι ἐρύσσαι,","translation":"But whenever I myself should willingly choose to pull,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l23.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ ἐγὼ πρόφρων ἐθέλοιμι ἐρύσσαι,","title":"A pair of optatives","body":"ἐθέλοιμι is a first-person singular present active optative: Zeus imagines being willing to pull. In the next line, ἐρύσαιμʼ is an aorist optative with κεν, expressing what he could then accomplish in that imagined situation."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλοιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wholeheartedly"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοιμι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"choose"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοιμι","gloss":"to pull"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b8-l24","source":"αὐτῇ κεν γαίῃ ἐρύσαιμʼ αὐτῇ τε θαλάσσῃ·","translation":"I would draw up the earth itself and sea itself;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαιμ","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would draw"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θαλάσσῃ","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b8-l25","source":"σειρὴν μέν κεν ἔπειτα περὶ ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο","translation":"then I would bind the cable round a peak of Olympus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σειρὴν","lemma":"σειρά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δησαίμην","gloss":"cable"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δησαίμην","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ῥίον","lemma":"ῥίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥίον","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b8-l26","source":"δησαίμην, τὰ δέ κʼ αὖτε μετήορα πάντα γένοιτο.","translation":"and all of them would hang suspended in the air.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δησαίμην","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would bind"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"μετήορα","lemma":"μετήορος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"suspended aloft"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would become"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b8-l27","source":"τόσσον ἐγὼ περί τʼ εἰμὶ θεῶν περί τʼ εἴμʼ ἀνθρώπων.","translation":"So far above both gods and mortals do I stand.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"περί","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰμὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I stand"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰμὶ","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"περί","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴμ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I stand"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἴμ̓","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b8-l28","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ","translation":"So he spoke, and they all became still in silence;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b8-l29","source":"μῦθον ἀγασσάμενοι· μάλα γὰρ κρατερῶς ἀγόρευσεν.","translation":"astonished at his words, for he had spoken sternly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγασσάμενοι","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀγασσάμενοι","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"marveled at"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κρατερῶς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευσεν","gloss":"sternly"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευσεν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b8-l30","source":"ὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"At last the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l30.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","title":"Bright-eyed Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις is a feminine nominative singular epithet agreeing with Ἀθήνη. Traditionally rendered bright-eyed, it is one of Athena's recurrent Homeric epithets; its precise visual nuance is debated."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀψὲ","lemma":"ὀψέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέειπε","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b8-l31","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη ὕπατε κρειόντων","translation":"\"Our father, son of Cronos, highest of all rulers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερε","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάτερ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"Κρονίδη","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ὕπατε","lemma":"ὕπατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίδη","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"κρειόντων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὕπατε","gloss":"of rulers"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b8-l32","source":"εὖ νυ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν ὅ τοι σθένος οὐκ ἐπιεικτόν·","translation":"we too know well your strength cannot be resisted.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδμεν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδμεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδμεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικτόν","lemma":"ἐπιεικτός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to be resisted"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b8-l33","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔμπης Δαναῶν ὀλοφυρόμεθʼ αἰχμητάων,","translation":"Yet still we mourn the Danaan spearmen,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλοφυρόμεθ̓","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰχμητάων","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρόμεθ","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we mourn"},{"surface":"αἰχμητάων","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλοφυρόμεθ̓","gloss":"spearmen"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b8-l34","source":"οἵ κεν δὴ κακὸν οἶτον ἀναπλήσαντες ὄλωνται.","translation":"who now shall fill their wretched fate and perish.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄλωνται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶτον","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"οἶτον","lemma":"οἶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀναπλήσαντες","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἀναπλήσαντες","lemma":"ἀναπίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄλωνται","gloss":"having fulfilled"},{"surface":"ὄλωνται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αἰχμητάων","gloss":"shall perish"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b8-l35","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι πολέμου μὲν ἀφεξόμεθʼ ὡς σὺ κελεύεις·","translation":"Still, we shall keep away from war, as you command;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφεξόμεθ̓","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀφεξόμεθ","lemma":"ἀπέχω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κελεύεις","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of κελεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀφεξόμεθ̓","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b8-l36","source":"βουλὴν δʼ Ἀργείοις ὑποθησόμεθʼ ἥ τις ὀνήσει,","translation":"but we shall offer counsel to the Argives that may help them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλὴν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑποθησόμεθ̓","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοις","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὑποθησόμεθ̓","gloss":"to the Argives"},{"surface":"ὑποθησόμεθ","lemma":"ὑποτίθημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shall offer"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀνήσει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥ","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ὀνήσει","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βουλὴν","gloss":"will help"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b8-l37","source":"ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται ὀδυσσαμένοιο τεοῖο.","translation":"so all do not perish beneath your wrath.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὄλωνται","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὄλωνται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"shall perish"},{"surface":"ὀδυσσαμένοιο","lemma":"ὀδύσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄλωνται","gloss":"under the wrath"},{"surface":"τεοῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"subject of ὀδυσσαμένοιο","gloss":"of you"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b8-l38","source":"τὴν δʼ ἐπιμειδήσας προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer smiled and spoke to her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιμειδήσας","lemma":"ἐπιμειδάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b8-l39","source":"θάρσει Τριτογένεια φίλον τέκος· οὔ νύ τι θυμῷ","translation":"\"Take heart, Tritogeneia, my dear child. I do not speak","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l39.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θάρσει Τριτογένεια φίλον τέκος· οὔ νύ τι θυμῷ","title":"Tritogeneia","body":"Τριτογένεια is a vocative epithet by which Zeus addresses Athena. Its derivation was disputed even in antiquity, so retaining the traditional title avoids choosing among uncertain explanations."}],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσει","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heart"},{"surface":"Τριτογένεια","lemma":"Τριτογένεια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Tritogeneia"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μυθέομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μυθέομαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μυθέομαι","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b8-l40","source":"πρόφρονι μυθέομαι, ἐθέλω δέ τοι ἤπιος εἶναι.","translation":"from a willing heart; I mean to deal with you gently.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόφρονι","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"wholeheartedly"},{"surface":"μυθέομαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I speak"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἶναι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἤπιος","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλω","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b8-l41","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι τιτύσκετο χαλκόποδʼ ἵππω","translation":"So speaking, he yoked beneath his car his bronze-hoofed horses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l41.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι τιτύσκετο χαλκόποδʼ ἵππω","title":"The divine pair in the dual","body":"ἵππω is an accusative dual form, referring to exactly two horses. The dual continues in the next line with the paired modifiers ὠκυπέτα and κομόωντε, presenting Zeus's team as a matched pair."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τιτύσκετο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφι","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"τιτύσκετο","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yoked"},{"surface":"χαλκόποδ","lemma":"χαλκόπους","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππω","gloss":"bronze-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππω","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of τιτύσκετο","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b8-l42","source":"ὠκυπέτα χρυσέῃσιν ἐθείρῃσιν κομόωντε,","translation":"swift-flying, with their flowing manes of gold;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκυπέτα","lemma":"ὠκυπέτης","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"swift-flying"},{"surface":"χρυσέῃσιν","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐθείρῃσιν","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἐθείρῃσιν","lemma":"ἔθειρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κομόωντε","gloss":"manes"},{"surface":"κομόωντε","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"long-haired"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b8-l43","source":"χρυσὸν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ, γέντο δʼ ἱμάσθλην","translation":"he clothed his own body round in gold and took","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδυνε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἔδυνε","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροΐ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"γέντο","lemma":"γέντο","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱμάσθλην","lemma":"ἱμάσθλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γέντο","gloss":"whip"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b8-l44","source":"χρυσείην εὔτυκτον, ἑοῦ δʼ ἐπεβήσετο δίφρου,","translation":"his well-made golden whip, then mounted his chariot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσείην","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμάσθλην","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"εὔτυκτον","lemma":"εὔτυκτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμάσθλην","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"ἑοῦ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρου","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεβήσετο","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he mounted"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεβήσετο","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b8-l45","source":"μάστιξεν δʼ ἐλάαν· τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην","translation":"and lashed them on; the willing pair flew forward","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάστιξεν","lemma":"μαστίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cracked the whip"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλάαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to μάστιξεν","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πετέσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντε","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b8-l46","source":"μεσσηγὺς γαίης τε καὶ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος.","translation":"midway between the earth and starry heaven.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεσσηγὺς","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανοῦ","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἀστερόεντος","lemma":"ἀστερόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανοῦ","gloss":"starry"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b8-l47","source":"Ἴδην δʼ ἵκανεν πολυπίδακα μητέρα θηρῶν","translation":"He came to many-springed Ida, mother of wild beasts,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴδην","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκανεν","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"πολυπίδακα","lemma":"πολυπῖδαξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἴδην","gloss":"many-springed"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"θηρῶν","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μητέρα","gloss":"wild beasts"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b8-l48","source":"Γάργαρον, ἔνθά τέ οἱ τέμενος βωμός τε θυήεις.","translation":"to Gargaron, where he had his precinct and fragrant altar.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Γάργαρον","lemma":"Γάργαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"Gargaron"},{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"τέμενος","lemma":"τέμενος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"precinct"},{"surface":"βωμός","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"altar"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυήεις","lemma":"θυήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βωμός","gloss":"fragrant"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b8-l49","source":"ἔνθʼ ἵππους ἔστησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε","translation":"There the father of men and gods halted his horses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔστησε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἔστησε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b8-l50","source":"λύσας ἐξ ὀχέων, κατὰ δʼ ἠέρα πουλὺν ἔχευεν.","translation":"loosed them from the car, and poured thick mist around them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύσας","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησε","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέρα","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχευεν","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"πουλὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠέρα","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"ἔχευεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b8-l51","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἐν κορυφῇσι καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων","translation":"He sat upon the peaks, exulting in his glory,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κορυφῇσι","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"over the peaks"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"κύδεϊ","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of γαίων","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"γαίων","lemma":"γαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"exulting"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b8-l52","source":"εἰσορόων Τρώων τε πόλιν καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"gazing on Troy's city and the ships of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσορόων","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κομόωντες","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b8-l54","source":"ῥίμφα κατὰ κλισίας, ἀπὸ δʼ αὐτοῦ θωρήσσοντο.","translation":"swiftly by the huts, and there put on their armor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοντο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the huts"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"θωρήσσοντο","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b8-l55","source":"Τρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀνὰ πτόλιν ὁπλίζοντο","translation":"The Trojans, on the other side, armed throughout the city,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁπλίζοντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁπλίζοντο","gloss":"on the other 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eager"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὑσμῖνι","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"in the melee"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μέμασαν","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b8-l57","source":"χρειοῖ ἀναγκαίῃ, πρό τε παίδων καὶ πρὸ γυναικῶν.","translation":"under harsh need, for their children and their wives.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρειοῖ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to 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outside,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πύλαι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠΐγνυντο","lemma":"οἴγω","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were thrown open"},{"surface":"πύλαι","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ὠΐγνυντο","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσσυτο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"λαός","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine 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word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδὸς","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b8-l60","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐς χῶρον ἕνα ξυνιόντες ἵκοντο","translation":"Now when the two sides, coming together, met in one place,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"χῶρον","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χῶρον","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ξυνιόντες","lemma":"σύνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"coming together"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"they reached"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b8-l61","source":"σύν ῥʼ ἔβαλον ῥινούς, σὺν δʼ ἔγχεα καὶ μένεʼ ἀνδρῶν","translation":"they dashed together shield on shield, and spears, and the fury of men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔβαλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dashed"},{"surface":"ῥινούς","lemma":"ῥινός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλον","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεα","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένε","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μένἐ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b8-l62","source":"χαλκεοθωρήκων· ἀτὰρ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι","translation":"clad in bronze corselets; and the bossed shields","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκεοθωρήκων","lemma":"χαλκεοθωρήξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"bronze-armored"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδες","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔπληντ̓","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλόεσσαι","lemma":"ὀμφαλόεις","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδες","gloss":"bossed"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b8-l63","source":"ἔπληντʼ ἀλλήλῃσι, πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει.","translation":"pressed against one another, and a great din arose.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπληντ","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλῃσι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of ἔπληντ̓","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"πολὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρυμαγδὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδὸς","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b8-l64","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἅμʼ οἰμωγή τε καὶ εὐχωλὴ πέλεν ἀνδρῶν","translation":"There at once were the groaning and the boasting of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλεν","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"οἰμωγή","lemma":"οἰμωγή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence 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grew stronger,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀέξετο","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"grew stronger"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀέξετο","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b8-l67","source":"τόφρα μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων βέλεʼ ἥπτετο, πῖπτε δὲ λαός.","translation":"the weapons struck both sides, and the people fell.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥπτετο","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρων","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βέλἐ","gloss":"of both"},{"surface":"βέλε","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἥπτετο","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"ἥπτετο","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"πῖπτε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαός","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πῖπτε","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b8-l68","source":"ἦμος δʼ Ἠέλιος μέσον οὐρανὸν ἀμφιβεβήκει,","translation":"But when the Sun had reached the middle of heaven,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἥλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφιβεβήκει","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιβεβήκει","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἀμφιβεβήκει","lemma":"ἀμφιβαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"had reached"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b8-l69","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ χρύσεια πατὴρ ἐτίταινε τάλαντα·","translation":"the father raised his golden scales and stretched them level;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτίταινε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χρύσεια","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτίταινε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐτίταινε","lemma":"τιταίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"τάλαντα","lemma":"τάλαντον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐτίταινε","gloss":"scales"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b8-l70","source":"ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει δύο κῆρε τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο","translation":"within he set two fates of death that lays men low,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κῆρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κῆρε","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτίθει","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"τανηλεγέος","lemma":"τανηλεγής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτοιο","gloss":"bringing long pain"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆρε","gloss":"of death"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b8-l71","source":"Τρώων θʼ ἱπποδάμων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων,","translation":"of the horse-taming Trojans and the bronze-clad Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμων","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"horse-taming"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b8-l72","source":"ἕλκε δὲ μέσσα λαβών· ῥέπε δʼ αἴσιμον ἦμαρ Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"then held the midpoint; the Achaeans' fated day sank down.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he held"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέσσα","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"midpoint"},{"surface":"λαβών","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκε","gloss":"grasping"},{"surface":"ῥέπε","lemma":"ῥέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴσιμον","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"fated"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ῥέπε","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b8-l73","source":"αἳ μὲν Ἀχαιῶν κῆρες ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ","translation":"The Achaeans' fates settled upon the all-nurturing earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"κῆρες","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἑζέσθην","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b8-l74","source":"ἑζέσθην, Τρώων δὲ πρὸς οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἄερθεν·","translation":"while those of Troy rose upward toward broad heaven.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑζέσθην","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"ἄερθεν","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were lifted"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b8-l75","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἐξ Ἴδης μεγάλʼ ἔκτυπε, δαιόμενον δὲ","translation":"Then from Ida he thundered terribly and hurled","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔκτυπε","gloss":"aloud"},{"surface":"ἔκτυπε","lemma":"κτυπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thundered"},{"surface":"δαιόμενον","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies σέλας","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b8-l76","source":"ἧκε σέλας μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες","translation":"a blazing flash among the Achaean host; they saw it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"σέλας","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"flash"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θάμβησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδόντες","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θάμβησαν","gloss":"seeing"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b8-l77","source":"θάμβησαν, καὶ πάντας ὑπὸ χλωρὸν δέος εἷλεν.","translation":"stood stunned, and pale fear seized them all.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l77.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θάμβησαν, καὶ πάντας ὑπὸ χλωρὸν δέος εἷλεν.","title":"Pale fear","body":"χλωρὸν is a neuter singular adjective agreeing with δέος. Although the adjective can denote green or fresh vegetation, in this formula for fear it conveys the pallor associated with terror."}],"words":[{"surface":"θάμβησαν","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood stunned"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of εἷλεν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χλωρὸν","lemma":"χλωρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέος","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἷλεν","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"εἷλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b8-l78","source":"ἔνθʼ οὔτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς τλῆ μίμνειν οὔτʼ Ἀγαμέμνων,","translation":"Then neither Idomeneus dared remain, nor Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθʼ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τλῆ","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"τλῆ","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared","note":"Homeric unaugmented aorist of τλάω, 'have the heart/courage to' — governs the infinitive μίμνειν."},{"surface":"μίμνειν","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"complement of τλῆ","gloss":"to remain"},{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τλῆ","gloss":"Agamemnon","note":"Second subject coordinated with Ἰδομενεὺς under the οὔτε ... οὔτε pair; τλῆ applies to both."}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b8-l79","source":"οὔτε δύʼ Αἴαντες μενέτην θεράποντες Ἄρηος·","translation":"nor did the two Ajaxes hold, attendants of Ares.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Αἴαντες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Αἴαντες","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ajaxes"},{"surface":"μενέτην","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held firm"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"henchmen"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b8-l80","source":"Νέστωρ οἶος ἔμιμνε Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"Nestor alone remained, the Gerenian guard of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἔμιμνε","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"οὖρος","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"guard"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὖρος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b8-l81","source":"οὔ τι ἑκών, ἀλλʼ ἵππος ἐτείρετο, τὸν βάλεν ἰῷ","translation":"not willingly: a horse was stricken, shot by an arrow","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἑκών","lemma":"ἑκών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"by choice"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἵππος","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτείρετο","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"ἐτείρετο","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stricken"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵππος","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"with an arrow"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b8-l82","source":"δῖος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἑλένης πόσις ἠϋκόμοιο","translation":"godlike Paris, husband of lovely-haired Helen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλέξανδρος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀλέξανδρος","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"Ἑλένης","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"Helen's"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ἠϋκόμοιο","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλένης","gloss":"lovely-haired"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b8-l83","source":"ἄκρην κὰκ κορυφήν, ὅθι τε πρῶται τρίχες ἵππων","translation":"It struck the crown, where first the horse's mane-hairs","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκρην","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κορυφήν","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"κὰκ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κορυφήν","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κὰκ","gloss":"crown"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρῶται","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρίχες","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"τρίχες","lemma":"θρίξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐμπεφύασι","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τρίχες","gloss":"of horses"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b8-l84","source":"κρανίῳ ἐμπεφύασι, μάλιστα δὲ καίριόν ἐστιν.","translation":"grow rooted in the skull, the deadliest spot.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρανίῳ","lemma":"κρανίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμπεφύασι","gloss":"skull"},{"surface":"ἐμπεφύασι","lemma":"ἐμφύω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"grow rooted"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καίριόν","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καίριόν","lemma":"καίριος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"deadliest"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b8-l85","source":"ἀλγήσας δʼ ἀνέπαλτο, βέλος δʼ εἰς ἐγκέφαλον δῦ,","translation":"In pain it reared; the arrow entered through the brain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλγήσας","lemma":"ἀλγέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέπαλτο","gloss":"in pain"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέπαλτο","lemma":"ἀναπάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δῦ","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἐγκέφαλον","lemma":"ἐγκέφαλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"brain"},{"surface":"δῦ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entered"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b8-l86","source":"σὺν δʼ ἵππους ἐτάραξε κυλινδόμενος περὶ χαλκῷ.","translation":"and rolling round the bronze it threw the team in tumult.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτάραξε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐτάραξε","lemma":"ταράσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw into tumult"},{"surface":"κυλινδόμενος","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτάραξε","gloss":"rolling around"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b8-l87","source":"ὄφρʼ ὁ γέρων ἵπποιο παρηορίας ἀπέταμνε","translation":"While the old man rushed to cut the trace-horse's harness","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέταμνε","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἵπποιο","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παρηορίας","gloss":"horse's"},{"surface":"παρηορίας","lemma":"παρηορία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπέταμνε","gloss":"trace-lines"},{"surface":"ἀπέταμνε","lemma":"ἀποτέμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"was cutting"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b8-l88","source":"φασγάνῳ ἀΐσσων, τόφρʼ Ἕκτορος ὠκέες ἵπποι","translation":"with his sword, Hector's swift horses came","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φασγάνῳ","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀΐσσων","gloss":"with his sword"},{"surface":"ἀΐσσων","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέταμνε","gloss":"rushing"},{"surface":"τόφρ","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"ὠκέες","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b8-l89","source":"ἦλθον ἀνʼ ἰωχμὸν θρασὺν ἡνίοχον φορέοντες","translation":"through the rout, bearing their bold charioteer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἰωχμὸν","lemma":"ἰωχμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"rout"},{"surface":"θρασὺν","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰωχμὸν","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχον","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"driver"},{"surface":"φορέοντες","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b8-l90","source":"Ἕκτορα· καί νύ κεν ἔνθʼ ὁ γέρων ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὄλεσσεν","translation":"Hector; and the old man there would have lost his life","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄλεσσεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄλεσσεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄλεσσεν","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄλεσσεν","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ὄλεσσεν","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have lost"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b8-l91","source":"εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"had Diomedes, good at the war-cry, not swiftly seen.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to νόησε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"νόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had seen"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νόησε","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b8-l92","source":"σμερδαλέον δʼ ἐβόησεν ἐποτρύνων Ὀδυσῆα·","translation":"He shouted terribly, urging Odysseus:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐβόησεν","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐβόησεν","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνων","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐβόησεν","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐποτρύνων","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b8-l93","source":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ","translation":"\"Odysseus, son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, of many devices,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l93.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ","title":"A chain of vocatives","body":"διογενὲς, Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ, and Ὀδυσσεῦ are all vocative forms addressed directly to Odysseus. The sequence moves through divine ancestry, patronymic, epithet, and personal name before Diomedes asks his urgent question."}],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"sprung from Zeus"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδη","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"πολυμήχαν","lemma":"πολυμήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"of many devices"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b8-l94","source":"πῇ φεύγεις μετὰ νῶτα βαλὼν κακὸς ὣς ἐν ὁμίλῳ;","translation":"why flee, turning your back like a coward in the press?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of φεύγεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"φεύγεις","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βαλὼν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φεύγεις","gloss":"turning"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"coward"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὁμίλῳ","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the press"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b8-l95","source":"μή τίς τοι φεύγοντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πήξῃ·","translation":"Beware that as you flee no one plant a spear in your back.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"beware lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πήξῃ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies μεταφρένῳ","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"φεύγοντι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"μεταφρένῳ","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πήξῃ","gloss":"your back"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of πήξῃ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"πήξῃ","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"plant"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b8-l96","source":"ἀλλὰ μένʼ ὄφρα γέροντος ἀπώσομεν ἄγριον ἄνδρα.","translation":"Stand fast, so we may drive the savage man from Nestor.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand fast"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώσομεν","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἀπώσομεν","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"drive away"},{"surface":"ἄγριον","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώσομεν","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b8-l97","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἐσάκουσε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"So he spoke, but much-enduring godlike Odysseus did not heed him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἐσάκουσε","lemma":"εἰσακούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐσάκουσε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b8-l98","source":"ἀλλὰ παρήϊξεν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"but swept on past toward the hollow ships of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"παρήϊξεν","lemma":"παραίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed past"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b8-l99","source":"Τυδεΐδης δʼ αὐτός περ ἐὼν προμάχοισιν ἐμίχθη,","translation":"The son of Tydeus, though alone, went among the foremost fighters","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμίχθη","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"προμάχοισιν","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐμίχθη","gloss":"foremost fighters"},{"surface":"ἐμίχθη","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"joined"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b8-l100","source":"στῆ δὲ πρόσθʼ ἵππων Νηληϊάδαο γέροντος,","translation":"and stood before the horses of Neleus' aged son,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of πρόσθ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"Νηληϊάδαο","lemma":"Νηληιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νηληϊάδαο","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b8-l101","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to him, he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l101.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","title":"Winged words","body":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα is a recurrent Homeric formula meaning winged words. Both words are neuter accusative plural, the object of προσηύδα, and the image presents spoken words as traveling swiftly from speaker to hearer."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b8-l102","source":"ὦ γέρον ἦ μάλα δή σε νέοι τείρουσι μαχηταί,","translation":"\"Old man, young warriors wear you down sorely;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τείρουσι","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of τείρουσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μαχηταί","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"τείρουσι","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wear down"},{"surface":"μαχηταί","lemma":"μαχητής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τείρουσι","gloss":"warriors"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b8-l103","source":"σὴ δὲ βίη λέλυται, χαλεπὸν δέ σε γῆρας ὀπάζει,","translation":"your strength is broken, and harsh age attends you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὴ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λέλυται","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"λέλυται","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"χαλεπὸν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γῆρας","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὀπάζει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γῆρας","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀπάζει","gloss":"old age"},{"surface":"ὀπάζει","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"attends"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b8-l104","source":"ἠπεδανὸς δέ νύ τοι θεράπων, βραδέες δέ τοι ἵπποι.","translation":"your attendant is feeble and your horses slow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠπεδανὸς","lemma":"ἠπεδανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"feeble"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"βραδέες","lemma":"βραδύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"slow"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b8-l105","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἐμῶν ὀχέων ἐπιβήσεο, ὄφρα ἴδηαι","translation":"Come, mount my chariot, so you may see","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἐμῶν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀχέων","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιβήσεο","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"ἐπιβήσεο","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mount"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἴδηαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"you may see"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b8-l106","source":"οἷοι Τρώϊοι ἵπποι ἐπιστάμενοι πεδίοιο","translation":"what the horses of Tros are like, trained across the plain","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷοι","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"what sort"},{"surface":"Τρώϊοι","lemma":"Τρώιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"of Tros"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐπιστάμενοι","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"across the plain"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b8-l107","source":"κραιπνὰ μάλʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα διωκέμεν ἠδὲ φέβεσθαι,","translation":"to chase swiftly here and there, and to flee.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κραιπνὰ","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"διωκέμεν","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to chase, pursue"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέβεσθαι","lemma":"φέβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to flee"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b8-l108","source":"οὕς ποτʼ ἀπʼ Αἰνείαν ἑλόμην μήστωρε φόβοιο.","translation":"Once I took them from Aeneas, those two devisers of rout.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ἑλόμην","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵπποι","gloss":"I took"},{"surface":"μήστωρε","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"φόβοιο","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μήστωρε","gloss":"of rout"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b8-l109","source":"τούτω μὲν θεράποντε κομείτων, τώδε δὲ νῶϊ","translation":"Let these two attendants tend your team, while we two","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l109.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τούτω μὲν θεράποντε κομείτων, τώδε δὲ νῶϊ","title":"Two teams and two men","body":"τούτω and τώδε are dual demonstratives referring respectively to Nestor's team and Diomedes' team. The dual θεράποντε and κομείτων mark the two attendants who are to tend the first pair, while νῶϊ identifies Diomedes and Nestor as the two men who will drive the second."}],"words":[{"surface":"τούτω","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of κομείτων","gloss":"these two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεράποντε","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of κομείτων","gloss":"attendants"},{"surface":"κομείτων","lemma":"κομέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tend"},{"surface":"τώδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰθύνομεν","gloss":"these two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰθύνομεν","gloss":"we two"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b8-l110","source":"Τρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοις ἰθύνομεν, ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ","translation":"drive mine against the horse-taming Trojans, so Hector too","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοις","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρωσὶν","gloss":"horse-taming"},{"surface":"ἰθύνομεν","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us drive"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴσεται","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b8-l111","source":"εἴσεται εἰ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν.","translation":"may learn whether my spear rages in my hands.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴσεται","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"will learn"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of μαίνεται","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μαίνεται","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἰ","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσιν","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b8-l112","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ.","translation":"So he spoke, and Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, did not disobey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b8-l113","source":"Νεστορέας μὲν ἔπειθʼ ἵππους θεράποντε κομείτην","translation":"Then the two attendants tended Nestor's horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νεστορέας","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"Nestor's"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κομείτην","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κομείτην","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"θεράποντε","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"attendants"},{"surface":"κομείτην","lemma":"κομέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tended"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b8-l114","source":"ἴφθιμοι Σθένελός τε καὶ Εὐρυμέδων ἀγαπήνωρ.","translation":"mighty Sthenelus and manly Eurymedon.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l114.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἴφθιμοι Σθένελός τε καὶ Εὐρυμέδων ἀγαπήνωρ.","title":"Manly Eurymedon","body":"ἀγαπήνωρ is a masculine nominative singular heroic epithet agreeing with Εὐρυμέδων. Built around the word for man, it praises him as manly or valorous; it is a conventional epithet rather than part of his name."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἴφθιμοι","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Σθένελός","lemma":"Σθένελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Sthenelus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐρυμέδων","lemma":"Εὐρυμέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurymedon"},{"surface":"ἀγαπήνωρ","lemma":"ἀγαπήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐρυμέδων","gloss":"manly"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b8-l115","source":"τὼ δʼ εἰς ἀμφοτέρω Διομήδεος ἅρματα βήτην·","translation":"The two men mounted Diomedes' chariot together;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βήτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρω","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"Διομήδεος","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἅρματα","gloss":"Diomedes'"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"βήτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b8-l116","source":"Νέστωρ δʼ ἐν χείρεσσι λάβʼ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα,","translation":"Nestor took the shining reins into his hands","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσι","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"λάβ","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λάβ̓","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"σιγαλόεντα","lemma":"σιγαλόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἡνία","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b8-l117","source":"μάστιξεν δʼ ἵππους· τάχα δʼ Ἕκτορος ἄγχι γένοντο.","translation":"and lashed the horses; soon they drew near Hector.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάστιξεν","lemma":"μαστίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cracked the whip"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μάστιξεν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοντο","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγχι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew near"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b8-l118","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτος ἀκόντισε Τυδέος υἱός·","translation":"As he rushed straight on, the son of Tydeus cast his spear.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"straight on"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτος","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b8-l119","source":"καὶ τοῦ μέν ῥʼ ἀφάμαρτεν, ὃ δʼ ἡνίοχον θεράποντα","translation":"He missed Hector, but struck his attendant charioteer,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφάμαρτεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀφάμαρτεν","lemma":"ἀφαμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχον","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντα","gloss":"driver"},{"surface":"θεράποντα","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"attendant"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b8-l120","source":"υἱὸν ὑπερθύμου Θηβαίου Ἠνιοπῆα","translation":"Eniopeus, son of great-hearted Thebaeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l120.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"υἱὸν ὑπερθύμου Θηβαίου Ἠνιοπῆα","title":"Eniopeus the charioteer","body":"Ἠνιοπῆα is the accusative form of Eniopeus, Hector's charioteer. The patronymic phrase υἱὸν ὑπερθύμου Θηβαίου identifies him as the son of great-hearted Thebaeus immediately before Diomedes kills him."}],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὑπερθύμου","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θηβαίου","gloss":"high-spirited"},{"surface":"Θηβαίου","lemma":"Θηβαῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Thebaeus"},{"surface":"Ἠνιοπῆα","lemma":"Ἠνιοπεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Eniopeus"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b8-l121","source":"ἵππων ἡνίʼ ἔχοντα βάλε στῆθος παρὰ μαζόν.","translation":"beside the nipple in the chest as he held the horses' reins.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡνί̓","gloss":"horses'"},{"surface":"ἡνί","lemma":"ἡνίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"μαζόν","lemma":"μαστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"nipple"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b8-l122","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπερώησαν δέ οἱ ἵπποι","translation":"He fell from the chariot, and his swift-footed horses swerved away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"ὑπερώησαν","lemma":"ὑπερωέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swerved away"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπερώησαν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b8-l123","source":"ὠκύποδες· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε.","translation":"and there his life and strength were loosed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l123.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὠκύποδες· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε.","title":"Life and strength released","body":"ψυχή denotes the life that departs at death, while μένος denotes vital force or fighting energy. Their pairing as the subject of λύθη presents Eniopeus's death as the simultaneous release of life and strength."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκύποδες","lemma":"ὠκύπους","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύθη","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λύθη","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"ψυχή","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b8-l124","source":"Ἕκτορα δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος πύκασε φρένας ἡνιόχοιο·","translation":"Dread grief for his charioteer covered Hector's heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πύκασε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνὸν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πύκασε","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"πύκασε","lemma":"πυκάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πύκασε","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχοιο","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"driver"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b8-l125","source":"τὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ εἴασε καὶ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑταίρου","translation":"but he left him lying there, though grieving for his comrade,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴασε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἴασε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενός","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴασε","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀχνύμενός","gloss":"comrade"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b8-l126","source":"κεῖσθαι, ὃ δʼ ἡνίοχον μέθεπε θρασύν· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν","translation":"and sought a bold charioteer; his horses did not long","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσθαι","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of εἴασε","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχον","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μέθεπε","gloss":"driver"},{"surface":"μέθεπε","lemma":"μεθέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sought"},{"surface":"θρασύν","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡνίοχον","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δευέσθην","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b8-l127","source":"ἵππω δευέσθην σημάντορος· αἶψα γὰρ εὗρεν","translation":"lack a driver, for at once he found","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππω","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of δευέσθην","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δευέσθην","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were lacking"},{"surface":"σημάντορος","lemma":"σημάντωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δευέσθην","gloss":"a driver"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗρεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"εὗρεν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b8-l128","source":"Ἰφιτίδην Ἀρχεπτόλεμον θρασύν, ὅν ῥα τόθʼ ἵππων","translation":"bold Archeptolemus, son of Iphitus, whom he mounted","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰφιτίδην","lemma":"Ἰφιτίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀρχεπτόλεμον","gloss":"son of Iphitus"},{"surface":"Ἀρχεπτόλεμον","lemma":"Ἀρχεπτόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρεν","gloss":"Archeptolemus"},{"surface":"θρασύν","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρχεπτόλεμον","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέβησε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τόθ","lemma":"τόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέβησε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέβησε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b8-l129","source":"ὠκυπόδων ἐπέβησε, δίδου δέ οἱ ἡνία χερσίν.","translation":"behind the swift-footed horses and gave the reins into his hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐπέβησε","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"in his hands"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b8-l130","source":"ἔνθά κε λοιγὸς ἔην καὶ ἀμήχανα ἔργα γένοντο,","translation":"Then ruin would have come, and deeds beyond all remedy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"λοιγὸς","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have come"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμήχανα","lemma":"ἀμήχανος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"beyond remedy"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of γένοντο","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have happened"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b8-l131","source":"καί νύ κε σήκασθεν κατὰ Ἴλιον ἠΰτε ἄρνες,","translation":"and they would have been penned in Ilion like lambs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σήκασθεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σήκασθεν","lemma":"σηκάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were penned"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἄρνες","lemma":"ἀρνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lambs"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b8-l132","source":"εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·","translation":"had the father of men and gods not swiftly seen.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to νόησε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"νόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had noticed"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νόησε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b8-l133","source":"βροντήσας δʼ ἄρα δεινὸν ἀφῆκʼ ἀργῆτα κεραυνόν,","translation":"He thundered dreadfully and loosed a blazing thunderbolt,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βροντήσας","lemma":"βροντάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀφῆκ̓","gloss":"having thundered"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βροντήσας","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ἀφῆκ","lemma":"ἀφήκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"ἀργῆτα","lemma":"ἀργής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεραυνόν","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"κεραυνόν","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφῆκ̓","gloss":"thunderbolt"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b8-l134","source":"κὰδ δὲ πρόσθʼ ἵππων Διομήδεος ἧκε χαμᾶζε·","translation":"and cast it to the ground before Diomedes' horses.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of πρόσθ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"Διομήδεος","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b8-l135","source":"δεινὴ δὲ φλὸξ ὦρτο θεείου καιομένοιο,","translation":"A dreadful flame rose up from burning sulfur;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὴ","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φλὸξ","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φλὸξ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"θεείου","lemma":"θεῖον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies φλὸξ","gloss":"sulfur"},{"surface":"καιομένοιο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies θεείου","gloss":"burning"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b8-l136","source":"τὼ δʼ ἵππω δείσαντε καταπτήτην ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι·","translation":"the horses, terrified, crouched beneath the car.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine article","role":"modifies ἵππω","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππω","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of καταπτήτην","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δείσαντε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to καταπτήτην","gloss":"having taken fright"},{"surface":"καταπτήτην","lemma":"καταπέτομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crouched"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφι","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"car"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b8-l137","source":"Νέστορα δʼ ἐκ χειρῶν φύγον ἡνία σιγαλόεντα,","translation":"The shining reins slipped from Nestor's hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορα","lemma":"νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φύγον","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"φύγον","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slipped"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of φύγον","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"σιγαλόεντα","lemma":"σιγαλόεις","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἡνία","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b8-l138","source":"δεῖσε δʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν θυμῷ, Διομήδεα δὲ προσέειπε·","translation":"and fear took his heart; he spoke to Diomedes:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῖσε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was afraid"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Διομήδεα","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b8-l139","source":"Τυδεΐδη ἄγε δʼ αὖτε φόβον δʼ ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους.","translation":"\"Son of Tydeus, turn your single-hoofed horses back in flight.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l139.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Τυδεΐδη ἄγε δʼ αὖτε φόβον δʼ ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους.","title":"A present command","body":"ἔχε is a second-person singular present active imperative, not an aorist. With φόβον δʼ it commands Diomedes to direct the single-hoofed horses back toward flight; ἄγε adds a second present imperative urging immediate action."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδη","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"direct"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b8-l140","source":"ἦ οὐ γιγνώσκεις ὅ τοι ἐκ Διὸς οὐχ ἕπετʼ ἀλκή;","translation":"Do you not know that strength from Zeus does not attend you?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γιγνώσκεις","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἕπετ̓","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἕπετ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"attends"},{"surface":"ἀλκή","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕπετ̓","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b8-l141","source":"νῦν μὲν γὰρ τούτῳ Κρονίδης Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀπάζει","translation":"For now the son of Cronos grants glory to this man","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀπάζει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τούτῳ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀπάζει","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀπάζει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀπάζει","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀπάζει","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grants"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b8-l142","source":"σήμερον· ὕστερον αὖτε καὶ ἡμῖν, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι,","translation":"today; another time he will give it also to us, if he wills.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σήμερον","lemma":"σήμερον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀπάζει","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δώσει","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δώσει","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"he wills"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b8-l143","source":"δώσει· ἀνὴρ δέ κεν οὔ τι Διὸς νόον εἰρύσσαιτο","translation":"No man could ever drag the mind of Zeus aside,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώσει","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he will give"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰρύσσαιτο","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰρύσσαιτο","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰρύσσαιτο","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"εἰρύσσαιτο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drag aside"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b8-l144","source":"οὐδὲ μάλʼ ἴφθιμος, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερός ἐστι.","translation":"however mighty, since he is far stronger.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἴφθιμος","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φέρτερός","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b8-l145","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Then Diomedes, good at the war-cry, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b8-l146","source":"ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα γέρον κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες·","translation":"\"Yes, old man, all this you have spoken rightly and in due order.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναὶ","lemma":"ναί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτά","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"due measure"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b8-l147","source":"ἀλλὰ τόδʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει·","translation":"But this dread grief reaches my heart and spirit:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἄχος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"αἰνὸν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"κραδίας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b8-l148","source":"Ἕκτωρ γάρ ποτε φήσει ἐνὶ Τρώεσσʼ ἀγορεύων·","translation":"Hector one day will boast among the Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φήσει","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to φήσει","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"φήσει","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will boast"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύων","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φήσει","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b8-l149","source":"Τυδεΐδης ὑπʼ ἐμεῖο φοβεύμενος ἵκετο νῆας.","translation":"'The son of Tydeus fled before me and reached the ships.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκετο","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φοβεύμενος","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b8-l150","source":"ὥς ποτʼ ἀπειλήσει· τότε μοι χάνοι εὐρεῖα χθών.","translation":"So he will boast; then may the broad earth gape for me.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l150.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὥς ποτʼ ἀπειλήσει· τότε μοι χάνοι εὐρεῖα χθών.","title":"An optative wish","body":"χάνοι is a third-person singular aorist active optative expressing a wish: may the broad earth gape open for me. Diomedes would rather be swallowed by the earth than live to hear Hector make the imagined boast."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπειλήσει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἀπειλήσει","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"ἀπειλήσει","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will boast"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χάνοι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χάνοι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χάνοι","lemma":"χάσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may gape"},{"surface":"εὐρεῖα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθών","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"χθών","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of χάνοι","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b8-l151","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b8-l152","source":"ὤ μοι Τυδέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος, οἷον ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Ah, son of Tydeus the wise, what have you said?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Τυδέος","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b8-l153","source":"εἴ περ γάρ σʼ Ἕκτωρ γε κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει,","translation":"Though Hector call you cowardly and weak,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of φήσει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φήσει","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φήσει","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should call"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b8-l154","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐ πείσονται Τρῶες καὶ Δαρδανίωνες","translation":"the Trojans and Dardanians will not believe him,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πείσονται","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will believe"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίωνες","lemma":"Δαρδάνιων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Dardanians"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b8-l155","source":"καὶ Τρώων ἄλοχοι μεγαθύμων ἀσπιστάων,","translation":"nor the wives of the great-hearted shield-bearing Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἄλοχοι","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἄλοχοι","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμων","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπιστάων","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἀσπιστάων","lemma":"ἀσπιστής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"shield-bearers"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b8-l156","source":"τάων ἐν κονίῃσι βάλες θαλεροὺς παρακοίτας.","translation":"whose vigorous husbands you struck down in dust.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάων","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies παρακοίτας","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"βάλες","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλοχοι","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"θαλεροὺς","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παρακοίτας","gloss":"vigorous"},{"surface":"παρακοίτας","lemma":"παρακοίτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βάλες","gloss":"husbands"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b8-l157","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας φύγαδε τράπε μώνυχας ἵππους","translation":"So speaking, he turned the single-hoofed horses back in flight,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τράπε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"φύγαδε","lemma":"φύγαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of τράπε","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"τράπε","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τράπε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b8-l158","source":"αὖτις ἀνʼ ἰωχμόν· ἐπὶ δὲ Τρῶές τε καὶ Ἕκτωρ","translation":"once more through the rout; and Hector and the Trojans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τράπε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἰωχμόν","lemma":"ἰωχμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"rout"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"after them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶές","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b8-l159","source":"ἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ βέλεα στονόεντα χέοντο.","translation":"with wondrous clamor poured their groan-bringing missiles after them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠχῇ","lemma":"ἠχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to χέοντο","gloss":"with a roar"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίῃ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠχῇ","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"βέλεα","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χέοντο","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"στονόεντα","lemma":"στονόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλεα","gloss":"groan-bringing"},{"surface":"χέοντο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b8-l160","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἄϋσε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"Then great Hector of the flashing helm shouted after him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἄϋσε","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄϋσε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b8-l161","source":"Τυδεΐδη περὶ μέν σε τίον Δαναοὶ ταχύπωλοι","translation":"\"Son of Tydeus, the swift-horsed Danaans honored you above all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδη","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of τίον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τίον","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τίον","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"ταχύπωλοι","lemma":"ταχύπωλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναοὶ","gloss":"swift-horsed"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b8-l162","source":"ἕδρῃ τε κρέασίν τε ἰδὲ πλείοις δεπάεσσι·","translation":"with the seat of honor, meat, and brimming cups;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕδρῃ","lemma":"ἕδρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρέασίν","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλείοις","lemma":"πλέως","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δεπάεσσι","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"δεπάεσσι","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"cups"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b8-l163","source":"νῦν δέ σʼ ἀτιμήσουσι· γυναικὸς ἄρʼ ἀντὶ τέτυξο.","translation":"now they shall dishonor you: you have become a woman.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀτιμήσουσι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀτιμήσουσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀτιμήσουσι","lemma":"ἀτιμάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall dishonor"},{"surface":"γυναικὸς","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀντὶ","lemma":"ἀντί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in place of"},{"surface":"τέτυξο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have become"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b8-l164","source":"ἔρρε κακὴ γλήνη, ἐπεὶ οὐκ εἴξαντος ἐμεῖο","translation":"Begone, you wretched doll! Since I shall not yield,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l164.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔρρε κακὴ γλήνη, ἐπεὶ οὐκ εἴξαντος ἐμεῖο","title":"A taunt: wretched doll","body":"γλήνη can denote the pupil of an eye and, by extension, a small image, ornament, or doll. In the vocative phrase κακὴ γλήνη, Hector turns that word into a contemptuous insult after taunting Diomedes as a woman."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρρε","lemma":"ἔρρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begone"},{"surface":"κακὴ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γλήνη","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"γλήνη","lemma":"γλήνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"doll"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εἴξαντος","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπιβήσεαι","gloss":"yielding"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴξαντος","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b8-l165","source":"πύργων ἡμετέρων ἐπιβήσεαι, οὐδὲ γυναῖκας","translation":"you shall not mount our towers, nor carry off our women","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πύργων","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβήσεαι","gloss":"towers"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρων","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πύργων","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἐπιβήσεαι","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"mount"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄξεις","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b8-l166","source":"ἄξεις ἐν νήεσσι· πάρος τοι δαίμονα δώσω.","translation":"in ships; before that I shall give you death.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄξεις","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"carry off"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δώσω","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δαίμονα","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall give"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b8-l167","source":"ὣς φάτο, Τυδεΐδης δὲ διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν","translation":"So he spoke; the son of Tydeus divided in his purpose,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μερμήριξεν","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διάνδιχα","lemma":"διάνδιχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μερμήριξεν","gloss":"two ways"},{"surface":"μερμήριξεν","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"debated"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b8-l168","source":"ἵππους τε στρέψαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι.","translation":"whether to turn the horses and fight him face to face.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of στρέψαι","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στρέψαι","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐναντίβιον","lemma":"ἐναντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μαχέσασθαι","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"μαχέσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b8-l169","source":"τρὶς μὲν μερμήριξε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,","translation":"Three times he weighed it in his heart and spirit,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μερμήριξε","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μερμήριξε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"debated"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b8-l170","source":"τρὶς δʼ ἄρʼ ἀπʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων κτύπε μητίετα Ζεὺς","translation":"and three times Zeus the counselor thundered from Ida's mountains,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτύπε","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἰδαίων","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀρέων","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"κτύπε","lemma":"κτυπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thundered"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"the counselor"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κτύπε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b8-l171","source":"σῆμα τιθεὶς Τρώεσσι μάχης ἑτεραλκέα νίκην.","translation":"giving the Trojans a sign that victory had turned.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"τιθεὶς","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κτύπε","gloss":"giving"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τιθεὶς","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νίκην","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἑτεραλκέα","lemma":"ἑτεραλκής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νίκην","gloss":"battle-turning"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b8-l172","source":"Ἕκτωρ δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·","translation":"Then Hector called to the Trojans with a far-carrying shout:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσας","gloss":"far-carrying"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b8-l173","source":"Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ","translation":"\"Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close fighters,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λύκιοι","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δάρδανοι","lemma":"Δάρδανος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Dardanians"},{"surface":"ἀγχιμαχηταὶ","lemma":"ἀνχιμαχητής","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"close fighters"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b8-l174","source":"ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.","translation":"be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"μνήσασθε","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσασθε","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b8-l175","source":"γιγνώσκω δʼ ὅτι μοι πρόφρων κατένευσε Κρονίων","translation":"for I know the son of Cronos willingly nodded to grant me","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατένευσε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wholeheartedly"},{"surface":"κατένευσε","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"pledged"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b8-l176","source":"νίκην καὶ μέγα κῦδος, ἀτὰρ Δαναοῖσί γε πῆμα·","translation":"victory and great glory, and ruin to the Danaans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσί","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"bane"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b8-l177","source":"νήπιοι οἳ ἄρα δὴ τάδε τείχεα μηχανόωντο","translation":"Fools, to devise these walls, so weak","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιοι","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"fools"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μηχανόωντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τείχεα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"τείχεα","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μηχανόωντο","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"μηχανόωντο","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νήπιοι","gloss":"were devising"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b8-l178","source":"ἀβλήχρʼ οὐδενόσωρα· τὰ δʼ οὐ μένος ἁμὸν ἐρύξει·","translation":"and worthless; they shall never check our strength.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀβλήχρ","lemma":"ἀβληχρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"weak"},{"surface":"οὐδενόσωρα","lemma":"οὐδενόσωρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"worthless"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρύξει","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρύξει","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἁμὸν","lemma":"ἁμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἐρύξει","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will check"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b8-l179","source":"ἵπποι δὲ ῥέα τάφρον ὑπερθορέονται ὀρυκτήν.","translation":"Our horses will leap lightly over the dug trench.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπερθορέονται","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥέα","lemma":"ῥέα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπερθορέονται","gloss":"with ease"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπερθορέονται","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"ὑπερθορέονται","lemma":"ὑπερθρῴσκω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will leap over"},{"surface":"ὀρυκτήν","lemma":"ὀρυκτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τάφρον","gloss":"dug"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b8-l180","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε κεν δὴ νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσι γένωμαι,","translation":"But when I come among the hollow ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσι","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"γένωμαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"I come"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b8-l181","source":"μνημοσύνη τις ἔπειτα πυρὸς δηΐοιο γενέσθω,","translation":"let someone then remember consuming fire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνημοσύνη","lemma":"μνημοσύνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γενέσθω","gloss":"remembrance"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μνημοσύνη","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γενέσθω","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μνημοσύνη","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"δηΐοιο","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὸς","gloss":"consuming"},{"surface":"γενέσθω","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let there be"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b8-l182","source":"ὡς πυρὶ νῆας ἐνιπρήσω, κτείνω δὲ καὶ αὐτοὺς","translation":"so I may burn their ships and kill the Argives","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνιπρήσω","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνιπρήσω","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐνιπρήσω","lemma":"ἐμπρήθω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"burn"},{"surface":"κτείνω","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"I may kill"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργείους","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b8-l183","source":"Ἀργείους παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀτυζομένους ὑπὸ καπνοῦ.","translation":"beside them, dazed beneath the smoke.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κτείνω","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἀτυζομένους","lemma":"ἀτύζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dazed"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"καπνοῦ","lemma":"καπνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"smoke"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b8-l184","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"So speaking, he called aloud and cried to his horses:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἵπποισιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b8-l185","source":"Ξάνθέ τε καὶ σὺ Πόδαργε καὶ Αἴθων Λάμπέ τε δῖε","translation":"\"Xanthus, and you, Podargus, Aethon, and noble Lampus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ξάνθέ","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Πόδαργε","lemma":"πόδαργος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Podargus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἴθων","lemma":"Αἴθων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided 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κομιδὴν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"κομιδὴν","lemma":"κομιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποτίνετον","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"ἀποτίνετον","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"repay"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὴν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"much"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b8-l187","source":"Ἀνδρομάχη θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος Ἠετίωνος","translation":"Andromache, daughter of great-hearted Eetion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀνδρομάχη","lemma":"Ἀνδρομάχη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Andromache"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορος","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠετίωνος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἠετίωνος","lemma":"Ἠετίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"Eetion"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b8-l188","source":"ὑμῖν πὰρ προτέροισι μελίφρονα πυρὸν ἔθηκεν","translation":"gave you first, setting honey-sweet wheat before you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of 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vigorous husband.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχομαι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"θαλερὸς","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"strong young"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐμοί","gloss":"I claim"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχομαι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b8-l191","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐφομαρτεῖτον καὶ σπεύδετον ὄφρα λάβωμεν","translation":"Come, follow close and hurry, so we may seize","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐφομαρτεῖτον","lemma":"ἐφομαρτέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow close"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπεύδετον","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main 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κλέος","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκει","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκει","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἵκει","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀσπίδα","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b8-l193","source":"πᾶσαν χρυσείην ἔμεναι, κανόνας τε καὶ αὐτήν,","translation":"for all of it is gold, both shield and crossbars,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"entirely"},{"surface":"χρυσείην","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"κανόνας","lemma":"κανών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"crossbars"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτήν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the shield itself"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b8-l194","source":"αὐτὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμοιιν Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο","translation":"and from the shoulders of Diomedes, tamer of horses, take","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμοιιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"Διομήδεος","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὤμοιιν","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδεος","gloss":"tamer of horses"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b8-l195","source":"δαιδάλεον θώρηκα, τὸν Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων.","translation":"the richly wrought corselet Hephaestus labored to make.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιδάλεον","lemma":"δαιδάλεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θώρηκα","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"θώρηκα","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάμε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάμε","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"κάμε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θώρηκα","gloss":"toiled"},{"surface":"τεύχων","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"fashioning"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b8-l196","source":"εἰ τούτω κε 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particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b8-l199","source":"σείσατο δʼ εἰνὶ θρόνῳ, ἐλέλιξε δὲ μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον,","translation":"and shook upon her throne, making long Olympus tremble.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σείσατο","lemma":"σείω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θρόνῳ","lemma":"θρόνον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εἰνὶ","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"ἐλέλιξε","lemma":"ἐλελίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made tremble"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλέλιξε","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b8-l200","source":"καί ῥα Ποσειδάωνα μέγαν θεὸν ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then she addressed the mighty god Poseidon face to face:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνα","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b8-l201","source":"ὢ πόποι ἐννοσίγαιʼ εὐρυσθενές, οὐδέ νυ σοί περ","translation":"\"Ah, Earth-shaker of broad strength, does your heart feel nothing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l201.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὢ πόποι ἐννοσίγαιʼ εὐρυσθενές, οὐδέ νυ σοί περ","title":"Two vocatives for Poseidon","body":"ἐννοσίγαιʼ and εὐρυσθενές are vocative forms addressed to Poseidon. Hera invokes him as Earth-shaker and wide in strength before reproaching him for feeling no pity for the dying Danaans."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαι","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Earth-shaker"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλοφύρεται","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b8-l202","source":"ὀλλυμένων Δαναῶν ὀλοφύρεται ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός.","translation":"within you for the Danaans dying?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀλλυμένων","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being slain"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλοφύρεται","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ὀλοφύρεται","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may feel pity"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀλοφύρεται","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b8-l203","source":"οἳ δέ τοι εἰς Ἑλίκην τε καὶ Αἰγὰς δῶρʼ ἀνάγουσι","translation":"Yet at Helice and Aegae they bring you gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάγουσι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀνάγουσι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Ἑλίκην","lemma":"Ἑλίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Helice"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰγὰς","lemma":"Αἰγαί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Aegae"},{"surface":"δῶρ","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνάγουσι","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ἀνάγουσι","lemma":"ἀνάγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b8-l204","source":"πολλά τε καὶ χαρίεντα· σὺ δέ σφισι βούλεο νίκην.","translation":"many and pleasing; so desire victory for them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαρίεντα","lemma":"χαρίεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of βούλεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of βούλεο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"βούλεο","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βούλεο","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b8-l205","source":"εἴ περ γάρ κʼ ἐθέλοιμεν, ὅσοι Δαναοῖσιν ἀρωγοί,","translation":"For if all we gods who favor the Danaans wished","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοιμεν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"for the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἀρωγοί","lemma":"ἀρωγός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b8-l206","source":"Τρῶας ἀπώσασθαι καὶ ἐρυκέμεν εὐρύοπα Ζῆν,","translation":"to drive the Trojans back and hold wide-thundering Zeus away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώσασθαι","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀπώσασθαι","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"drive away"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρυκέμεν","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζῆν","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Ζῆν","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρυκέμεν","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b8-l207","source":"αὐτοῦ κʼ ἔνθʼ ἀκάχοιτο καθήμενος οἶος ἐν Ἴδῃ.","translation":"he would sit there grieving, all alone on Ida.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκάχοιτο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκάχοιτο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἀκάχοιτο","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grieve"},{"surface":"καθήμενος","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀκάχοιτο","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἴδῃ","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"Ida"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b8-l208","source":"τὴν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη κρείων ἐνοσίχθων·","translation":"The lord Earth-shaker answered her in deep anger:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀχθήσας","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνοσίχθων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b8-l209","source":"Ἥρη ἀπτοεπὲς ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Hera, rash in speech, what word is this you have spoken?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"ἀπτοεπὲς","lemma":"ἀπτοεπής","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"rash in speech"},{"surface":"ποῖον","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b8-l210","source":"οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγʼ ἐθέλοιμι Διὶ Κρονίωνι μάχεσθαι","translation":"I would not have us other gods do battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔγωγ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλοιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοιμι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"choose"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοιμι","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b8-l211","source":"ἡμέας τοὺς ἄλλους, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερός ἐστιν.","translation":"against Zeus, son of Cronos, since he is far stronger.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμέας","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φέρτερός","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b8-l212","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον·","translation":"So they spoke such words to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b8-l213","source":"τῶν δʼ ὅσον ἐκ νηῶν ἀπὸ πύργου τάφρος ἔεργε","translation":"The whole space the ditch enclosed between the ships and wall","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔεργε","gloss":"whole space"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πύργου","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"tower"},{"surface":"τάφρος","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔεργε","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"ἔεργε","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of πλῆθεν","gloss":"enclosed"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b8-l214","source":"πλῆθεν ὁμῶς ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν ἀσπιστάων","translation":"was filled alike with horses and shield-bearing men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλῆθεν","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were filled"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with men"},{"surface":"ἀσπιστάων","lemma":"ἀσπιστής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"shield-bearers"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b8-l215","source":"εἰλομένων· εἴλει δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ","translation":"penned in; Hector, the equal of swift Ares, penned them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l215.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εἰλομένων· εἴλει δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ","title":"Equal to swift Ares","body":"ἀτάλαντος is a masculine nominative singular adjective describing Hector as equal in weight or match to someone. The comparison is completed by the dative phrase θοῷ Ἄρηϊ: he is a match for swift Ares in battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰλομένων","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"crowded together"},{"surface":"εἴλει","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"penned in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θοῷ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"the equal"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b8-l216","source":"Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης, ὅτε οἱ Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκε.","translation":"Priam's son, when Zeus had granted him glory.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴλει","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b8-l217","source":"καί νύ κʼ ἐνέπρησεν πυρὶ κηλέῳ νῆας ἐΐσας,","translation":"And now he would have burned the balanced ships with blazing fire","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνέπρησεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐνέπρησεν","lemma":"ἐμπρήθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have burned"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνέπρησεν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"κηλέῳ","lemma":"κήλεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὶ","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνέπρησεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐΐσας","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-balanced"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b8-l218","source":"εἰ μὴ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι πότνια Ἥρη","translation":"had queenly Hera not set it in Agamemnon's mind","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"θῆκ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φρεσὶ","gloss":"Agamemnon's"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θῆκ̓","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b8-l219","source":"αὐτῷ ποιπνύσαντι θοῶς ὀτρῦναι Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"to bestir himself and swiftly urge the Achaeans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ποιπνύσαντι","lemma":"ποιπνύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bestirring himself"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀτρῦναι","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ὀτρῦναι","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of θῆκ̓","gloss":"to urge"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀτρῦναι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b8-l220","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι παρά τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"He went beside the huts and ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"παρά","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the huts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b8-l221","source":"πορφύρεον μέγα φᾶρος ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ παχείῃ,","translation":"holding a great purple cloak in his strong hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πορφύρεον","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"stout"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b8-l222","source":"στῆ δʼ ἐπʼ Ὀδυσσῆος μεγακήτεϊ νηῒ μελαίνῃ,","translation":"and stood upon Odysseus' huge black ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"̓ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"μεγακήτεϊ","lemma":"μεγακήτης","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b8-l223","source":"ἥ ῥʼ ἐν μεσσάτῳ ἔσκε γεγωνέμεν ἀμφοτέρωσε,","translation":"which lay at the middle, so a shout could carry both ways,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεσσάτῳ","lemma":"μέσσατος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"at the middle"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νηῒ","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"γεγωνέμεν","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"to carry a shout"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρωσε","lemma":"ἀμφοτέρωσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"both ways"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b8-l224","source":"ἠμὲν ἐπʼ Αἴαντος κλισίας Τελαμωνιάδαο","translation":"toward the huts of Ajax, son of Telamon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίας","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"the huts"},{"surface":"Τελαμωνιάδαο","lemma":"Τελαμωνιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴαντος","gloss":"son of Telamon"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b8-l225","source":"ἠδʼ ἐπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος, τοί ῥʼ ἔσχατα νῆας ἐΐσας","translation":"and toward Achilles'; these had drawn their balanced ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Achilles'"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴρυσαν","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔσχατα","lemma":"ἔσχατος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἴρυσαν","gloss":"at the ends"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἴρυσαν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐΐσας","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"balanced"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b8-l226","source":"εἴρυσαν, ἠνορέῃ πίσυνοι καὶ κάρτεϊ χειρῶν·","translation":"at the farthest ends, trusting their courage and strong hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴρυσαν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"had drawn"},{"surface":"ἠνορέῃ","lemma":"ἠνορέη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"manhood"},{"surface":"πίσυνοι","lemma":"πίσυνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρτεϊ","lemma":"κάρτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies κάρτεϊ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b8-l227","source":"ἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Δαναοῖσι γεγωνώς·","translation":"There he cried in a piercing voice to the Danaans:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϋσεν","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διαπρύσιον","lemma":"διαπρύσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"piercing"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γεγωνώς","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"γεγωνώς","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b8-l228","source":"αἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι, κάκʼ ἐλέγχεα, εἶδος ἀγητοί·","translation":"\"Shame, Argives! Wretched disgraces, splendid only to look at!","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l228.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι, κάκʼ ἐλέγχεα, εἶδος ἀγητοί·","title":"Aidos as a battle cry","body":"αἰδὼς denotes the shame or reverence felt before the judgment of others. Used here as a sharp exclamation before the vocative Ἀργεῖοι, it calls the retreating Argives back to conduct worthy of their public honor."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδὼς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"vocative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐλέγχεα","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"ἐλέγχεα","lemma":"ἔλεγχος","morphology":"vocative plural neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"disgraces"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀγητοί","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"ἀγητοί","lemma":"ἀγητός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"splendid"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b8-l229","source":"πῇ ἔβαν εὐχωλαί, ὅτε δὴ φάμεν εἶναι ἄριστοι,","translation":"Where have our boasts gone, when we claimed to be the best,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of ἔβαν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"εὐχωλαί","lemma":"εὐχωλή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"boasts"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φάμεν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"we claimed"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φάμεν","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b8-l230","source":"ἃς ὁπότʼ ἐν Λήμνῳ κενεαυχέες ἠγοράασθε,","translation":"those empty boasts you made in Lemnos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠγοράασθε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ὁπότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠγοράασθε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Λήμνῳ","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"κενεαυχέες","lemma":"κενεαυχής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"empty boasters"},{"surface":"ἠγοράασθε","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"you boasted"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b8-l231","source":"ἔσθοντες κρέα πολλὰ βοῶν ὀρθοκραιράων","translation":"eating abundant meat from straight-horned cattle","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσθοντες","lemma":"ἔσθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eating"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔσθοντες","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέα","gloss":"abundant"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κρέα","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"ὀρθοκραιράων","lemma":"ὀρθόκραιρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῶν","gloss":"straight-horned"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b8-l232","source":"πίνοντες κρητῆρας ἐπιστεφέας οἴνοιο,","translation":"and drinking mixing bowls filled to the brim with wine,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πίνοντες","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"drinking"},{"surface":"κρητῆρας","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πίνοντες","gloss":"mixing bowls"},{"surface":"ἐπιστεφέας","lemma":"ἐπιστεφής","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κρητῆρας","gloss":"filled to the brim"},{"surface":"οἴνοιο","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐπιστεφέας","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b8-l233","source":"Τρώων ἄνθʼ ἑκατόν τε διηκοσίων τε ἕκαστος","translation":"that each would stand in war against a hundred","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"object of ἄνθ̓","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἄνθ","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἑκατόν","lemma":"ἑκατόν","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διηκοσίων","lemma":"διακόσιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"two hundred"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b8-l234","source":"στήσεσθʼ ἐν πολέμῳ· νῦν δʼ οὐδʼ ἑνὸς ἄξιοί εἰμεν","translation":"or two hundred Trojans? Now we are not worth one Hector,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήσεσθ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"would stand"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰμεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑνὸς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἄξιοί","lemma":"ἄξιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worth"},{"surface":"εἰμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b8-l235","source":"Ἕκτορος, ὃς τάχα νῆας ἐνιπρήσει πυρὶ κηλέῳ.","translation":"who soon will burn the ships with blazing fire.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνιπρήσει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνιπρήσει","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνιπρήσει","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐνιπρήσει","lemma":"ἐμπρήθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἕκτορος","gloss":"burn"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνιπρήσει","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"κηλέῳ","lemma":"κήλεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὶ","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b8-l236","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥά τινʼ ἤδη ὑπερμενέων βασιλήων","translation":"Father Zeus, have you ever blinded any exceedingly mighty king","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l236.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥά τινʼ ἤδη ὑπερμενέων βασιλήων","title":"Blinded by ate","body":"The question continues in the next line with τῇδʼ ἄτῃ ἄασας. ἄτῃ is ruinous delusion, and the related aorist participle ἄασας means having blinded or led astray; Agamemnon asks whether Zeus has ever so deluded another exceedingly mighty king."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄασας","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέων","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλήων","gloss":"exceedingly mighty"},{"surface":"βασιλήων","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"of kings"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b8-l237","source":"τῇδʼ ἄτῃ ἄασας καί μιν μέγα κῦδος ἀπηύρας;","translation":"with such delusion and stripped away his great glory?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄτῃ","gloss":"with this"},{"surface":"ἄτῃ","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄασας","gloss":"delusion"},{"surface":"ἄασας","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you blinded"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρας","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρας","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρας","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you robbed"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b8-l238","source":"οὐ μὲν δή ποτέ φημι τεὸν περικαλλέα βωμὸν","translation":"Never, I say, did I pass by your splendid altar","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to παρελθέμεν","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βωμὸν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βωμὸν","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"βωμὸν","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρελθέμεν","gloss":"altar"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b8-l239","source":"νηῒ πολυκλήϊδι παρελθέμεν ἐνθάδε ἔρρων,","translation":"in my many-benched ship as I journeyed here,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρελθέμεν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"πολυκλήϊδι","lemma":"πολυκλήις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"many-benched"},{"surface":"παρελθέμεν","lemma":"παρέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"pass by"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔρρων","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἔρρων","lemma":"ἔρρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρελθέμεν","gloss":"journeying"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b8-l240","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ πᾶσι βοῶν δημὸν καὶ μηρίʼ ἔκηα","translation":"but on them all I burned the fat and thighs of cattle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"δημὸν","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μηρί","lemma":"μηρία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"thighs"},{"surface":"ἔκηα","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b8-l241","source":"ἱέμενος Τροίην εὐτείχεον ἐξαλαπάξαι.","translation":"longing to lay waste well-walled Troy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱέμενος","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκηα","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξαλαπάξαι","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"εὐτείχεον","lemma":"εὐτείχεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίην","gloss":"well-walled"},{"surface":"ἐξαλαπάξαι","lemma":"ἐξαλαπάζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἱέμενος","gloss":"to lay waste"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b8-l242","source":"ἀλλὰ Ζεῦ τόδε πέρ μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ·","translation":"But Zeus, fulfill for me this one desire:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἐέλδωρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπικρήηνον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐπικρήηνον","lemma":"ἐπικραίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"ἐέλδωρ","lemma":"ἔλδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπικρήηνον","gloss":"desire"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b8-l243","source":"αὐτοὺς δή περ ἔασον ὑπεκφυγέειν καὶ ἀλύξαι,","translation":"at least allow the men themselves to flee and escape;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔασον","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"ὑπεκφυγέειν","lemma":"ὑπεκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"escape"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλύξαι","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"escape"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b8-l244","source":"μηδʼ οὕτω Τρώεσσιν ἔα δάμνασθαι Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"do not let the Trojans crush the Achaeans so.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δάμνασθαι","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δάμνασθαι","gloss":"by the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"δάμνασθαι","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"to be crushed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δάμνασθαι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b8-l245","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὸν δὲ πατὴρ ὀλοφύρατο δάκρυ χέοντα,","translation":"So he spoke; the father pitied him as he wept","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀλοφύρατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀλοφύρατο","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ὀλοφύρατο","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέοντα","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέοντα","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b8-l246","source":"νεῦσε δέ οἱ λαὸν σόον ἔμμεναι οὐδʼ ἀπολέσθαι.","translation":"and nodded that his army would survive, not perish.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεῦσε","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεῦσε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"σόον","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to perish"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b8-l247","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ αἰετὸν ἧκε τελειότατον πετεηνῶν,","translation":"At once he sent an eagle, surest among birds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧκε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰετὸν","lemma":"ἀετός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"τελειότατον","lemma":"τέλειος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"object","gloss":"surest"},{"surface":"πετεηνῶν","lemma":"πετεινός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τελειότατον","gloss":"birds"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b8-l248","source":"νεβρὸν ἔχοντʼ ὀνύχεσσι τέκος ἐλάφοιο ταχείης·","translation":"clutching in its talons a fawn, a swift deer's young.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεβρὸν","lemma":"νεβρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"fawn"},{"surface":"ἔχοντ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ὀνύχεσσι","lemma":"ὄνυξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντ̓","gloss":"talons"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐλάφοιο","lemma":"ἔλαφος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"of a doe"},{"surface":"ταχείης","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλάφοιο","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b8-l249","source":"πὰρ δὲ Διὸς βωμῷ περικαλλέϊ κάββαλε νεβρόν,","translation":"Beside the splendid altar of Zeus it dropped the fawn,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βωμῷ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"βωμῷ","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"altar"},{"surface":"περικαλλέϊ","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies βωμῷ","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"κάββαλε","lemma":"καταβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dropped"},{"surface":"νεβρόν","lemma":"νεβρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάββαλε","gloss":"fawn"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b8-l250","source":"ἔνθα πανομφαίῳ Ζηνὶ ῥέζεσκον Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"where the Achaeans sacrificed to Zeus, lord of every voice.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέζεσκον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πανομφαίῳ","lemma":"πανομφαῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζηνὶ","gloss":"lord of every voice"},{"surface":"Ζηνὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥέζεσκον","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ῥέζεσκον","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βωμῷ","gloss":"sacrificed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ῥέζεσκον","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b8-l251","source":"οἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν εἴδονθʼ ὅ τʼ ἄρʼ ἐκ Διὸς ἤλυθεν ὄρνις,","translation":"When they saw the bird had come to them from Zeus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἴδονθ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"they saw"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅ","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"ὄρνις","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθεν","gloss":"bird"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b8-l252","source":"μᾶλλον ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι θόρον, μνήσαντο δὲ χάρμης.","translation":"they leapt more fiercely on the Trojans and remembered battle-joy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θόρον","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"θόρον","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"μνήσαντο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάρμης","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσαντο","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b8-l253","source":"ἔνθʼ οὔ τις πρότερος Δαναῶν πολλῶν περ ἐόντων","translation":"Then no one among the Danaans, though they were many,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔξατο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔξατο","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντων","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b8-l254","source":"εὔξατο Τυδεΐδαο πάρος σχέμεν ὠκέας ἵππους","translation":"could boast that he had held his swift horses ahead of the son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔξατο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could boast"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδαο","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πάρος","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"σχέμεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to have held"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σχέμεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b8-l255","source":"τάφρου τʼ ἐξελάσαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι,","translation":"driven them beyond the trench, and fought face to face.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάφρου","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξελάσαι","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξελάσαι","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to drive out"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐναντίβιον","lemma":"ἐναντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μαχέσασθαι","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"μαχέσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b8-l256","source":"ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρῶτος Τρώων ἕλεν ἄνδρα κορυστὴν","translation":"Far ahead of all, he slew a helmeted Trojan,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἕλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κορυστὴν","lemma":"κορυστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"helmed warrior"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b8-l257","source":"Φραδμονίδην Ἀγέλαον· ὃ μὲν φύγαδʼ ἔτραπεν ἵππους·","translation":"Agelaus, son of Phradmon, who turned his horses in flight.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l257.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Φραδμονίδην Ἀγέλαον· ὃ μὲν φύγαδʼ ἔτραπεν ἵππους·","title":"Agelaus, son of Phradmon","body":"Φραδμονίδην is an accusative patronymic meaning son of Phradmon, and Ἀγέλαον is the personal name it modifies. The paired forms identify the first Trojan killed in the renewed Achaean charge before the spear strike is narrated."}],"words":[{"surface":"Φραδμονίδην","lemma":"Φραδμονίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγέλαον","gloss":"son of Phradmon"},{"surface":"Ἀγέλαον","lemma":"Ἀγέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Agelaus"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτραπεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φύγαδ","lemma":"φύγαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔτραπεν","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"ἔτραπεν","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτραπεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b8-l258","source":"τῷ δὲ μεταστρεφθέντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πῆξεν","translation":"As he turned, Diomedes planted the spear into his back","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l258.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τῷ δὲ μεταστρεφθέντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πῆξεν","title":"An aorist passive participle","body":"μεταστρεφθέντι is a masculine dative singular aorist passive participle referring to Agelaus. Its aorist aspect presents his turning as completed before Diomedes plants the spear in his back, while the passive form is used in the intransitive sense having turned around."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μεταφρένῳ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεταστρεφθέντι","lemma":"μεταστρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he turned"},{"surface":"μεταφρένῳ","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of πῆξεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"πῆξεν","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fixed"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b8-l259","source":"ὤμων μεσσηγύς, διὰ δὲ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσεν·","translation":"between the shoulders, and drove the spear through his chest;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μεσσηγύς","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"μεσσηγύς","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήθεσφιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"the chest"},{"surface":"ἔλασσεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b8-l260","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.","translation":"He fell from the chariot, and his armor clattered upon him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"ἀράβησε","lemma":"ἀραβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clattered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀράβησε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b8-l261","source":"τὸν δὲ μετʼ Ἀτρεΐδαι Ἀγαμέμνων καὶ Μενέλαος,","translation":"After him came the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαι","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b8-l262","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Αἴαντες θοῦριν ἐπιειμένοι ἀλκήν,","translation":"after them the two Ajaxes, clothed in furious valor;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Αἴαντες","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"two Ajaxes"},{"surface":"θοῦριν","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκήν","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἐπιειμένοι","lemma":"ἐπιέννυμι","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Αἴαντες","gloss":"clothed in"},{"surface":"ἀλκήν","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιειμένοι","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b8-l263","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Ἰδομενεὺς καὶ ὀπάων Ἰδομενῆος","translation":"after them Idomeneus and the companion of Idomeneus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀπάων","lemma":"ὀπάων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀπάων","gloss":"of Idomeneus"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b8-l264","source":"Μηριόνης ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ,","translation":"Meriones, the equal of man-slaying Enyalius;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"the equal"},{"surface":"Ἐνυαλίῳ","lemma":"Ἐνυάλιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"Enyalius"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b8-l265","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Εὐρύπυλος Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·","translation":"after them Eurypylus, the glorious son of Euaemon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"Εὐαίμονος","lemma":"Εὐαίμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Euaemon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b8-l266","source":"Τεῦκρος δʼ εἴνατος ἦλθε παλίντονα τόξα τιταίνων,","translation":"Teucer came ninth, stretching his recurved bow,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴνατος","lemma":"εἴνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ninth"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"παλίντονα","lemma":"παλίντονος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"recurved"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τιταίνων","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"τιταίνων","lemma":"τιταίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"stretching"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b8-l267","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπʼ Αἴαντος σάκεϊ Τελαμωνιάδαο.","translation":"and took his stand beneath the shield of Telamonian Ajax.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σάκεϊ","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"σάκεϊ","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"Τελαμωνιάδαο","lemma":"Τελαμωνιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴαντος","gloss":"son of Telamon"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b8-l268","source":"ἔνθʼ Αἴας μὲν ὑπεξέφερεν σάκος· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως","translation":"Ajax would lift the shield away; then the hero","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l268.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔνθʼ Αἴας μὲν ὑπεξέφερεν σάκος· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως","title":"Repeated action in the past","body":"ὑπεξέφερεν is an imperfect describing Ajax's repeated lifting of the shield. The cycle closes in line 272 with κρύπτασκε, an iterative imperfect: Ajax would lift the shield, Teucer would shoot, and Ajax would cover him again."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπεξέφερεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπεξέφερεν","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑπεξέφερεν","lemma":"ὑπεκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would lift away"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπεξέφερεν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἥρως","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the hero"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b8-l269","source":"παπτήνας, ἐπεὶ ἄρ τινʼ ὀϊστεύσας ἐν ὁμίλῳ","translation":"would look about, and when he shot someone in the press","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παπτήνας","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δύσκεν","gloss":"looking about"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βεβλήκοι","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ὀϊστεύσας","lemma":"ὀιστεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βεβλήκοι","gloss":"having shot an arrow"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὁμίλῳ","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"the press"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b8-l270","source":"βεβλήκοι, ὃ μὲν αὖθι πεσὼν ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὄλεσσεν,","translation":"and struck him, the man fell there and lost his life;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βεβλήκοι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄλεσσεν","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεσὼν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πεσὼν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄλεσσεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄλεσσεν","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ὄλεσσεν","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lost"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b8-l271","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ αὖτις ἰὼν πάϊς ὣς ὑπὸ μητέρα δύσκεν","translation":"then Teucer would return like a child beneath its mother,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύσκεν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δύσκεν","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"δύσκεν","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would slip under"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b8-l272","source":"εἰς Αἴανθʼ· ὃ δέ μιν σάκεϊ κρύπτασκε φαεινῷ.","translation":"under Ajax, who would hide him with his shining shield.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Αἴανθ","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κρύπτασκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κρύπτασκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σάκεϊ","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κρύπτασκε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"κρύπτασκε","lemma":"κρύπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would hide"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκεϊ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b8-l273","source":"ἔνθα τίνα πρῶτον Τρώων ἕλε Τεῦκρος ἀμύμων;","translation":"Then whom among the Trojans did blameless Teucer first slay?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τίνα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies τίνα","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did slay"},{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τεῦκρος","gloss":"blameless"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b8-l274","source":"Ὀρσίλοχον μὲν πρῶτα καὶ Ὄρμενον ἠδʼ Ὀφελέστην","translation":"Orsilochus first, and Ormenus and Ophelestes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὀρσίλοχον","lemma":"Ὀρσίλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Orsilochus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὄρμενον","lemma":"Ὄρμενος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ormenus"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀφελέστην","lemma":"Ὀφελέστης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ophelestes"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b8-l275","source":"Δαίτορά τε Χρομίον τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Λυκοφόντην","translation":"and Daitor and Chromius and godlike Lycophontes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δαίτορά","lemma":"Δαίτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Daitor"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Χρομίον","lemma":"Χρομίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Chromius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λυκοφόντην","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Λυκοφόντην","lemma":"Λυκοφόντης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Lycophontes"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b8-l276","source":"καὶ Πολυαιμονίδην Ἀμοπάονα καὶ Μελάνιππον,","translation":"and Amopaon, son of Polyaemon, and Melanippus—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πολυαιμονίδην","lemma":"Πολυαιμονίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀμοπάονα","gloss":"son of Polyaemon"},{"surface":"Ἀμοπάονα","lemma":"Ἀμοπάων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Amopaon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μελάνιππον","lemma":"Μελάνιππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Melanippus"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b8-l277","source":"πάντας ἐπασσυτέρους πέλασε χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ.","translation":"all one after another he laid upon the all-nurturing earth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπασσυτέρους","lemma":"ἐπασσύτερος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"one after another"},{"surface":"πέλασε","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he laid"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέλασε","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"πουλυβοτείρῃ","lemma":"πουλυβότειρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χθονὶ","gloss":"all-nurturing"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b8-l278","source":"τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν γήθησεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"Seeing him, Agamemnon, lord of men, rejoiced","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γήθησεν","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"γήθησεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γήθησεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b8-l279","source":"τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ Τρώων ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας·","translation":"as with his strong bow Teucer destroyed the Trojan ranks.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξου","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄπο","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"κρατεροῦ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξου","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies φάλαγγας","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὀλέκοντα","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"destroying"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὀλέκοντα","gloss":"the ranks"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b8-l280","source":"στῆ δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν ἰὼν καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·","translation":"He came and stood beside him and spoke these words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b8-l281","source":"Τεῦκρε φίλη κεφαλή, Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν","translation":"\"Teucer, dear heart, son of Telamon, marshal of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l281.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Τεῦκρε φίλη κεφαλή, Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν","title":"Dear head, dear heart","body":"φίλη κεφαλή literally means dear head but functions as an affectionate address to the whole person. Agamemnon places it between the vocative Τεῦκρε and Teucer's patronymic, giving warmth to his appeal."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρε","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλή","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κεφαλή","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιε","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Telamon"},{"surface":"κοίρανε","lemma":"κοίρανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"marshal"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κοίρανε","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b8-l282","source":"βάλλʼ οὕτως, αἴ κέν τι φόως Δαναοῖσι γένηαι","translation":"keep shooting so, and perhaps become a light to the Danaans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάλλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep shooting"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλλ̓","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"γένηαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you become"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b8-l283","source":"πατρί τε σῷ Τελαμῶνι, ὅ σʼ ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα,","translation":"and to your father Telamon, who raised you when you were little","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρί","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρί","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Τελαμῶνι","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Telamon"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔτρεφε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔτρεφε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"had nursed"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b8-l284","source":"καί σε νόθον περ ἐόντα κομίσσατο ᾧ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ·","translation":"and, though you were born outside marriage, cared for you in his house.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κομίσσατο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νόθον","lemma":"νόθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"outside marriage"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"κομίσσατο","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"cared for"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b8-l285","source":"τὸν καὶ τηλόθʼ ἐόντα ἐϋκλείης ἐπίβησον.","translation":"Though he is far away, bring him good fame.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπίβησον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τηλόθ","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐϋκλείης","lemma":"εὔκλεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπίβησον","gloss":"good fame"},{"surface":"ἐπίβησον","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b8-l286","source":"σοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ ἐξερέω ὡς καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·","translation":"I shall declare what also shall be fulfilled:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐξερέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξερέω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐξερέω","lemma":"ἐξερέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall declare"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fulfilled"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b8-l287","source":"αἴ κέν μοι δώῃ Ζεύς τʼ αἰγίοχος καὶ Ἀθήνη","translation":"if Zeus who bears the aegis and Athena grant me","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"grants"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγίοχος","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b8-l288","source":"Ἰλίου ἐξαλαπάξαι ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,","translation":"to lay waste utterly the well-built citadel of Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἐξαλαπάξαι","lemma":"ἐξαλαπάζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"to lay waste"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτίμενον","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξαλαπάξαι","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b8-l289","source":"πρώτῳ τοι μετʼ ἐμὲ πρεσβήϊον ἐν χερὶ θήσω,","translation":"first after myself I shall place a prize of honor in your hands,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρώτῳ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of θήσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"πρεσβήϊον","lemma":"πρεσβεῖον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"prize of honor"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"θήσω","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall place"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b8-l290","source":"ἢ τρίποδʼ ἠὲ δύω ἵππους αὐτοῖσιν ὄχεσφιν","translation":"either a tripod, or two horses with their chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τρίποδ","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"tripod"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖσιν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄχεσφιν","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφιν","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"chariots"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b8-l291","source":"ἠὲ γυναῖχʼ, ἥ κέν τοι ὁμὸν λέχος εἰσαναβαίνοι.","translation":"or a woman who will mount the same bed with you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"γυναῖχ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσαναβαίνοι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies λέχος","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"ὁμὸν","lemma":"ὁμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λέχος","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"λέχος","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰσαναβαίνοι","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"εἰσαναβαίνοι","lemma":"εἰσαναβαίνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γυναῖχ̓","gloss":"would mount"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b8-l292","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσεφώνεε Τεῦκρος ἀμύμων·","translation":"Then blameless Teucer answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεε","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τεῦκρος","gloss":"blameless"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b8-l293","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε τί με σπεύδοντα καὶ αὐτὸν","translation":"\"Most glorious son of Atreus, why, when I myself am eager,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"κύδιστε","lemma":"κύδιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδη","gloss":"most glorious"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀτρύνεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀτρύνεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σπεύδοντα","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b8-l294","source":"ὀτρύνεις; οὐ μέν τοι ὅση δύναμίς γε πάρεστι","translation":"do you urge me? So far as strength remains in me,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνεις","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you urge"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅση","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δύναμίς","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"δύναμίς","lemma":"δύναμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πάρεστι","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"πάρεστι","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to παύομαι","gloss":"remains"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b8-l295","source":"παύομαι, ἀλλʼ ἐξ οὗ προτὶ Ἴλιον ὠσάμεθʼ αὐτοὺς","translation":"I do not cease; but since we drove them hard toward Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παύομαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I cease"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ὠσάμεθ","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῦ","gloss":"we drove"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὠσάμεθ̓","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b8-l296","source":"ἐκ τοῦ δὴ τόξοισι δεδεγμένος ἄνδρας ἐναίρω.","translation":"I have watched for men and killed them with my bow.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόξοισι","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δεδεγμένος","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"δεδεγμένος","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐναίρω","gloss":"watching for"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐναίρω","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐναίρω","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I kill"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b8-l297","source":"ὀκτὼ δὴ προέηκα τανυγλώχινας ὀϊστούς,","translation":"Eight long-barbed arrows I have loosed already,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀκτὼ","lemma":"ὀκτώ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ὀϊστούς","gloss":"eight"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προέηκα","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have loosed"},{"surface":"τανυγλώχινας","lemma":"τανυγλώχις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστούς","gloss":"long-barbed"},{"surface":"ὀϊστούς","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of προέηκα","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b8-l298","source":"πάντες δʼ ἐν χροῒ πῆχθεν ἀρηϊθόων αἰζηῶν·","translation":"and all lodged in the flesh of battle-raging young men;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πῆχθεν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"πῆχθεν","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lodged"},{"surface":"ἀρηϊθόων","lemma":"ἀρηίθοος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰζηῶν","gloss":"battle-raging"},{"surface":"αἰζηῶν","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χροῒ","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b8-l299","source":"τοῦτον δʼ οὐ δύναμαι βαλέειν κύνα λυσσητῆρα.","translation":"yet I cannot strike this raging dog.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I can"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"to strike"},{"surface":"κύνα","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βαλέειν","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"λυσσητῆρα","lemma":"λυσσητήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κύνα","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b8-l300","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄλλον ὀϊστὸν ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ἴαλλεν","translation":"He spoke and sent another arrow from the string,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστὸν","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ὀϊστὸν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλεν","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νευρῆφιν","lemma":"νευρή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"string"},{"surface":"ἴαλλεν","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b8-l301","source":"Ἕκτορος ἀντικρύ, βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θυμός·","translation":"straight at Hector, for his heart desired to strike him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντικρύ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀντικρύ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight at"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἵετο","gloss":"to strike"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βαλέειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἵετο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longed"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b8-l302","source":"καὶ τοῦ μέν ῥʼ ἀφάμαρθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἀμύμονα Γοργυθίωνα","translation":"but he missed him, and struck blameless Gorgythion,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφάμαρθ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀφάμαρθ","lemma":"ἀφαμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Γοργυθίωνα","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Γοργυθίωνα","lemma":"Γοργυθίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Gorgythion"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b8-l303","source":"υἱὸν ἐῢν Πριάμοιο κατὰ στῆθος βάλεν ἰῷ,","translation":"Priam's noble son, in the chest with an arrow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐῢν","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Γοργυθίωνα","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"with an arrow"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b8-l304","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἐξ Αἰσύμηθεν ὀπυιομένη τέκε μήτηρ","translation":"His mother bore him after coming as a bride from Aesyma,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Αἰσύμηθεν","lemma":"Αἰσύμηθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"from Aesyma"},{"surface":"ὀπυιομένη","lemma":"ὀπυίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τέκε","gloss":"coming as a bride"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b8-l305","source":"καλὴ Καστιάνειρα δέμας ἐϊκυῖα θεῇσι.","translation":"beautiful Castianeira, in form like the goddesses.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l305.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"καλὴ Καστιάνειρα δέμας ἐϊκυῖα θεῇσι.","title":"Castianeira of Aesyma","body":"Καστιάνειρα names Gorgythion's mother, introduced in the preceding line as a bride from Aesyma. καλὴ and δέμας ἐϊκυῖα θεῇσι describe her as beautiful and like the goddesses in bodily form before the simile of her son's fall."}],"words":[{"surface":"καλὴ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Καστιάνειρα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"Καστιάνειρα","lemma":"Καστιάνειρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Castianeira"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐϊκυῖα","gloss":"in build"},{"surface":"ἐϊκυῖα","lemma":"εἰκός","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies Καστιάνειρα","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"θεῇσι","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐϊκυῖα","gloss":"goddesses"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b8-l306","source":"μήκων δʼ ὡς ἑτέρωσε κάρη βάλεν, ἥ τʼ ἐνὶ κήπῳ","translation":"As a poppy droops its head to one side in a garden,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήκων","lemma":"μήκων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βάλεν","gloss":"poppy"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωσε","lemma":"ἑτέρωσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"to the other side"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤμυσε","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κήπῳ","lemma":"κῆπος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"garden"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b8-l307","source":"καρπῷ βριθομένη νοτίῃσί τε εἰαρινῇσιν,","translation":"heavy with its fruit and with the rains of spring,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπῷ","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"fruit"},{"surface":"βριθομένη","lemma":"βρίθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weighed down"},{"surface":"νοτίῃσί","lemma":"νοτία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"rains"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰαρινῇσιν","lemma":"ἐαρινός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νοτίῃσί","gloss":"spring"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b8-l308","source":"ὣς ἑτέρωσʼ ἤμυσε κάρη πήληκι βαρυνθέν.","translation":"so his head bowed to one side, weighed down by his helmet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤμυσε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωσ","lemma":"ἑτέρωσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤμυσε","gloss":"to the other side"},{"surface":"ἤμυσε","lemma":"ἠμύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bowed"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤμυσε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"πήληκι","lemma":"πήληξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βαρυνθέν","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"βαρυνθέν","lemma":"βαρύνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies κάρη","gloss":"weighed down"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b8-l309","source":"Τεῦκρος δʼ ἄλλον ὀϊστὸν ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ἴαλλεν","translation":"Teucer sent another arrow from the string,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴαλλεν","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστὸν","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ὀϊστὸν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλεν","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νευρῆφιν","lemma":"νευρή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"string"},{"surface":"ἴαλλεν","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b8-l310","source":"Ἕκτορος ἀντικρύ, βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θυμός.","translation":"straight at Hector, for his heart desired to strike him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντικρύ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀντικρύ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight at"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἵετο","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βαλέειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἵετο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"desired"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b8-l311","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε καὶ τόθʼ ἅμαρτε· παρέσφηλεν γὰρ Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"Yet then too he missed, for Apollo turned the shaft aside;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἅμαρτε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"τόθ","lemma":"τόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἅμαρτε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἅμαρτε","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"παρέσφηλεν","lemma":"παρασφάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned aside"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρέσφηλεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b8-l312","source":"ἀλλʼ Ἀρχεπτόλεμον θρασὺν Ἕκτορος ἡνιοχῆα","translation":"but bold Archeptolemus, Hector's charioteer;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀρχεπτόλεμον","lemma":"Ἀρχεπτόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Archeptolemus"},{"surface":"θρασὺν","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡνιοχῆα","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡνιοχῆα","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἡνιοχῆα","lemma":"ἡνιοχεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"charioteer"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b8-l313","source":"ἱέμενον πόλεμον δὲ βάλε στῆθος παρὰ μαζόν·","translation":"as he rushed into battle, Teucer struck him in the chest beside the nipple.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱέμενον","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rushing"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱέμενον","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"μαζόν","lemma":"μαστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"nipple"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b8-l314","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπερώησαν δέ οἱ ἵπποι","translation":"He fell from the chariot, and his swift-footed horses swerved away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὑπερώησαν","lemma":"ὑπερωέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swerved away"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπερώησαν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b8-l315","source":"ὠκύποδες· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε.","translation":"and there his life and strength were loosed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκύποδες","lemma":"ὠκύπους","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύθη","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"λύθη","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"ψυχή","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b8-l316","source":"Ἕκτορα δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος πύκασε φρένας ἡνιόχοιο·","translation":"Dread grief for his charioteer covered Hector's heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πύκασε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αἰνὸν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πύκασε","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"πύκασε","lemma":"πυκάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πύκασε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχοιο","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"driver"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b8-l317","source":"τὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ εἴασε καὶ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑταίρου,","translation":"but he left him lying there, though grieving for his comrade,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴασε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴασε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἴασε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενός","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴασε","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀχνύμενός","gloss":"comrade"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b8-l318","source":"Κεβριόνην δʼ ἐκέλευσεν ἀδελφεὸν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα","translation":"and ordered his brother Cebriones, who stood nearby,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l318.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Κεβριόνην δʼ ἐκέλευσεν ἀδελφεὸν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα","title":"Cebriones, Hector's brother","body":"Κεβριόνην is the accusative form of Cebriones, and ἀδελφεὸν explicitly identifies him as Hector's brother. Because he is ἐγγὺς ἐόντα, standing nearby, Hector can order him to take the reins immediately after Archeptolemus falls."}],"words":[{"surface":"Κεβριόνην","lemma":"Κεβριόνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Cebriones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"ἀδελφεὸν","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"his brother"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Κεβριόνην","gloss":"who was"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b8-l319","source":"ἵππων ἡνίʼ ἑλεῖν· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ οὐκ ἀπίθησεν ἀκούσας.","translation":"to take the horses' reins; hearing, he did not disobey.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡνί̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἡνί","lemma":"ἡνίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλεῖν","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"ἑλεῖν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησεν","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"disobeyed"},{"surface":"ἀκούσας","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπίθησεν","gloss":"hearing"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b8-l320","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἐκ δίφροιο χαμαὶ θόρε παμφανόωντος","translation":"Hector himself leapt down from the shining chariot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δίφροιο","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of θόρε","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"θόρε","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"παμφανόωντος","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies δίφροιο","gloss":"all-shining"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b8-l321","source":"σμερδαλέα ἰάχων· ὃ δὲ χερμάδιον λάβε χειρί,","translation":"with a dreadful cry, and took up a stone in his hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέα","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰάχων","gloss":"dreadfully"},{"surface":"ἰάχων","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θόρε","gloss":"crying aloud"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερμάδιον","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"χειρί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b8-l322","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰθὺς Τεύκρου, βαλέειν δέ ἑ θυμὸς ἀνώγει.","translation":"He went straight at Teucer, his heart commanding him to strike.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight at"},{"surface":"Τεύκρου","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰθὺς","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commanded"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b8-l323","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν φαρέτρης ἐξείλετο πικρὸν ὀϊστόν,","translation":"Teucer had drawn a bitter arrow from his quiver","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"φαρέτρης","lemma":"φαρέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξείλετο","gloss":"from his quiver"},{"surface":"ἐξείλετο","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had taken"},{"surface":"πικρὸν","lemma":"πικρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστόν","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ὀϊστόν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξείλετο","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b8-l324","source":"θῆκε δʼ ἐπὶ νευρῇ· τὸν δʼ αὖ κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"and set it on the string; but Hector of the flashing helm,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νευρῇ","lemma":"νευρά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"bowstring"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b8-l325","source":"αὐερύοντα παρʼ ὦμον, ὅθι κληῒς ἀποέργει","translation":"as Teucer drew, beside the shoulder where the collarbone divides","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐερύοντα","lemma":"αὐερύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"κληῒς","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀποέργει","gloss":"collarbone"},{"surface":"ἀποέργει","lemma":"ἀπείργω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"divides"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b8-l326","source":"αὐχένα τε στῆθός τε, μάλιστα δὲ καίριόν ἐστι,","translation":"the neck and chest, the deadliest spot;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the neck"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στῆθός","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καίριόν","lemma":"καίριος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a deadly place"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b8-l327","source":"τῇ ῥʼ ἐπὶ οἷ μεμαῶτα βάλεν λίθῳ ὀκριόεντι,","translation":"there, as Teucer aimed at him, Hector struck with the rugged stone,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"aiming"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"λίθῳ","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"ὀκριόεντι","lemma":"ὀκριόεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίθῳ","gloss":"jagged"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b8-l328","source":"ῥῆξε δέ οἱ νευρήν· νάρκησε δὲ χεὶρ ἐπὶ καρπῷ,","translation":"and broke Teucer's bowstring; his hand went numb at the wrist.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l328.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥῆξε δέ οἱ νευρήν· νάρκησε δὲ χεὶρ ἐπὶ καρπῷ,","title":"The hand goes numb","body":"νάρκησε is an aorist verb meaning became numb or paralyzed. Its subject is χεὶρ, and ἐπὶ καρπῷ locates the numbness at the wrist; the injury coincides with the breaking of Teucer's bowstring."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῆξε","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νευρήν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"νευρήν","lemma":"νευρά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ῥῆξε","gloss":"bowstring"},{"surface":"νάρκησε","lemma":"ναρκάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went numb"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεὶρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of νάρκησε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"καρπῷ","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"wrist"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b8-l329","source":"στῆ δὲ γνὺξ ἐριπών, τόξον δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε χειρός.","translation":"He fell upon his knees, and the bow dropped from his hand.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came to rest"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γνὺξ","lemma":"γνύξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐριπών","gloss":"on his knees"},{"surface":"ἐριπών","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"having fallen"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔκπεσε","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"his hand"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b8-l330","source":"Αἴας δʼ οὐκ ἀμέλησε κασιγνήτοιο πεσόντος,","translation":"Ajax did not neglect his fallen brother,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀμέλησε","lemma":"ἀμελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"neglect"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτοιο","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμέλησε","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"πεσόντος","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fallen"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b8-l331","source":"ἀλλὰ θέων περίβη καί οἱ σάκος ἀμφεκάλυψε.","translation":"but ran to stand over him and covered him with his shield.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to περίβη","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"περίβη","lemma":"περιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood over"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφεκάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφεκάλυψε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἀμφεκάλυψε","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b8-l332","source":"τὸν μὲν ἔπειθʼ ὑποδύντε δύω ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι","translation":"Then two loyal companions stooped and took him up,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φερέτην","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φερέτην","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑποδύντε","lemma":"ὑποδύομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to φερέτην","gloss":"stooping beneath"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρες","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"trusted"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b8-l333","source":"Μηκιστεὺς Ἐχίοιο πάϊς καὶ δῖος Ἀλάστωρ","translation":"Mecisteus, son of Echius, and godlike Alastor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηκιστεὺς","lemma":"Μηκιστεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Mecisteus"},{"surface":"Ἐχίοιο","lemma":"Ἐχίος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"Echius"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλάστωρ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀλάστωρ","lemma":"Ἀλάστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Alastor"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b8-l334","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς φερέτην βαρέα στενάχοντα.","translation":"and bore him to the hollow ships, groaning heavily.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γλαφυρὰς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"φερέτην","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore him"},{"surface":"βαρέα","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντα","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"στενάχοντα","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"groaning"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b8-l335","source":"ἂψ δʼ αὖτις Τρώεσσιν Ὀλύμπιος ἐν μένος ὦρσεν·","translation":"Once more the Olympian roused strength in the Trojans;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρσεν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρσεν","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὦρσεν","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ὦρσεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b8-l336","source":"οἳ δʼ ἰθὺς τάφροιο βαθείης ὦσαν Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"and straight toward the deep trench they drove the Achaeans;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὦσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight toward"},{"surface":"τάφροιο","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰθὺς","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τάφροιο","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ὦσαν","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὦσαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b8-l337","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἐν πρώτοισι κίε σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνων.","translation":"Hector strode among the foremost, exulting in his might.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κίε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πρώτοισι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the foremost"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"σθένεϊ","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βλεμεαίνων","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"βλεμεαίνων","lemma":"βλεμεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"exulting"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b8-l338","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε τίς τε κύων συὸς ἀγρίου ἠὲ λέοντος","translation":"As when a hound, pursuing with swift feet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κύων","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"κύων","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"hound"},{"surface":"συὸς","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"ἀγρίου","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies συὸς","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"λέοντος","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"lion"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b8-l339","source":"ἅπτηται κατόπισθε ποσὶν ταχέεσσι διώκων","translation":"closes from behind upon a wild boar or lion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅπτηται","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"closes on"},{"surface":"κατόπισθε","lemma":"κατόπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διώκων","gloss":"from behind"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to διώκων","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ταχέεσσι","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσὶν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"διώκων","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἅπτηται","gloss":"pursuing"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b8-l340","source":"ἰσχία τε γλουτούς τε, ἑλισσόμενόν τε δοκεύει,","translation":"snapping at haunches and buttocks, and watches it wheel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰσχία","lemma":"ἰσχίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"haunches"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλουτούς","lemma":"γλουτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"buttocks"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑλισσόμενόν","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wheeling"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δοκεύει","lemma":"δοκεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"watches"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b8-l341","source":"ὣς Ἕκτωρ ὤπαζε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"so Hector pressed the long-haired Achaeans close,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l341.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς","title":"Long-haired Achaeans","body":"The standing epithet describes the Achaeans by their long hair. Homer keeps this concrete bodily marker distinct from their armor epithets, such as well-greaved and bronze-clad."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤπαζε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤπαζε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ὤπαζε","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κομόωντας","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"κομόωντας","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὤπαζε","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b8-l342","source":"αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον· οἳ δὲ φέβοντο.","translation":"always killing the hindmost; and they fled in fear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποκτείνων","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἀποκτείνων","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤπαζε","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ὀπίστατον","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"ὀπίστατον","lemma":"ὀπίστατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀποκτείνων","gloss":"hindmost"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέβοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέβοντο","lemma":"φέβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b8-l343","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ διά τε σκόλοπας καὶ τάφρον ἔβησαν","translation":"But when in flight they had crossed the stakes and trench,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"διά","lemma":"ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκόλοπας","lemma":"σκόλοψ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"stakes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"ἔβησαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"crossed"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b8-l344","source":"φεύγοντες, πολλοὶ δὲ δάμεν Τρώων ὑπὸ χερσίν,","translation":"and many had fallen beneath the Trojans' hands,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγοντες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβησαν","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δάμεν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δάμεν","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"had fallen"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies χερσίν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b8-l345","source":"οἳ μὲν δὴ παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐρητύοντο μένοντες,","translation":"they halted beside the ships and held their ground,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἐρητύοντο","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"μένοντες","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρητύοντο","gloss":"holding ground"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b8-l346","source":"ἀλλήλοισί τε κεκλόμενοι καὶ πᾶσι θεοῖσι","translation":"calling to one another and to all the gods,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισί","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κεκλόμενοι","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεκλόμενοι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνίσχοντες","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b8-l347","source":"χεῖρας ἀνίσχοντες μεγάλʼ εὐχετόωντο ἕκαστος·","translation":"each lifting his hands and praying aloud.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνίσχοντες","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνίσχοντες","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"lifting"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εὐχετόωντο","gloss":"aloud"},{"surface":"εὐχετόωντο","lemma":"εὐχετάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b8-l348","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἀμφιπεριστρώφα καλλίτριχας ἵππους","translation":"But Hector wheeled his lovely-maned horses round and round,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφιπεριστρώφα","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπεριστρώφα","lemma":"ἀμφιπεριστρωφάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wheeled about"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχας","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"fair-maned"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιπεριστρώφα","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b8-l349","source":"Γοργοῦς ὄμματʼ ἔχων ἠδὲ βροτολοιγοῦ Ἄρηος.","translation":"with the Gorgon's eyes and those of Ares, bane of mortals.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Γοργοῦς","lemma":"Γοργώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"Gorgon's"},{"surface":"ὄμματ","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφιπεριστρώφα","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βροτολοιγοῦ","lemma":"βροτολοιγός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηος","gloss":"bane of mortals"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b8-l350","source":"τοὺς δὲ ἰδοῦσʼ ἐλέησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,","translation":"Seeing them, the goddess white-armed Hera pitied them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλέησε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδοῦσ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐλέησε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἐλέησε","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b8-l351","source":"αἶψα δʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and at once addressed Athena with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l351.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"The recurring speech formula imagines words as winged, flying swiftly from speaker to hearer. Its fixed return helps mark formal speech throughout the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b8-l352","source":"ὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος οὐκέτι νῶϊ","translation":"\"Ah, child of Zeus who bears the aegis, shall we no longer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεκαδησόμεθ̓","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b8-l353","source":"ὀλλυμένων Δαναῶν κεκαδησόμεθʼ ὑστάτιόν περ;","translation":"care for the dying Danaans, even at the last?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀλλυμένων","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of κεκαδησόμεθ̓","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"κεκαδησόμεθ","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"ὑστάτιόν","lemma":"ὑστάτιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κεκαδησόμεθ̓","gloss":"at the last"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b8-l354","source":"οἵ κεν δὴ κακὸν οἶτον ἀναπλήσαντες ὄλωνται","translation":"who now shall fill their wretched fate and perish.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄλωνται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶτον","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"οἶτον","lemma":"οἶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀναπλήσαντες","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἀναπλήσαντες","lemma":"ἀναπίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄλωνται","gloss":"fulfill"},{"surface":"ὄλωνται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perish"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b8-l355","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς ῥιπῇ, ὃ δὲ μαίνεται οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτῶς","translation":"beneath one man's assault; and he rages past endurance,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥιπῇ","gloss":"man’s"},{"surface":"ἑνὸς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ῥιπῇ","lemma":"ῥιπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄλωνται","gloss":"assault"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαίνεται","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἀνεκτῶς","lemma":"ἀνεκτός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαίνεται","gloss":"bearably"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b8-l356","source":"Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης, καὶ δὴ κακὰ πολλὰ ἔοργε.","translation":"Hector, son of Priam, and has wrought much evil.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔοργε","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἔοργε","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"has done"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b8-l357","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, said to her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l357.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","title":"Bright-eyed Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις is Athena's fixed eye epithet, rendered throughout as bright-eyed. It is distinct from the affectionate form Zeus uses later, where the adjective stands without her name."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b8-l358","source":"καὶ λίην οὗτός γε μένος θυμόν τʼ ὀλέσειε","translation":"\"Would that this man might lose his strength and life","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσειε","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"οὗτός","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὀλέσειε","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλέσειε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lose"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b8-l359","source":"χερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων φθίμενος ἐν πατρίδι γαίῃ·","translation":"beneath the Argives' hands, dead in his native land!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"φθίμενος","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσειε","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πατρίδι","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b8-l360","source":"ἀλλὰ πατὴρ οὑμὸς φρεσὶ μαίνεται οὐκ ἀγαθῇσι","translation":"But my father rages in no sound mind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μαίνεται","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"οὑμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μαίνεται","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"μαίνεται","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ἀγαθῇσι","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b8-l361","source":"σχέτλιος, αἰὲν ἀλιτρός, ἐμῶν μενέων ἀπερωεύς·","translation":"hard-hearted, ever perverse, a check upon my purposes;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιος","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀλιτρός","lemma":"ἀλιτρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"perverse"},{"surface":"ἐμῶν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μενέων","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μενέων","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀπερωεύς","gloss":"purposes"},{"surface":"ἀπερωεύς","lemma":"ἀπερωεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a check upon"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b8-l362","source":"οὐδέ τι τῶν μέμνηται, ὅ οἱ μάλα πολλάκις υἱὸν","translation":"nor does he remember how very often I saved his son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μέμνηται","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"μέμνηται","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembers"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλάκις","lemma":"πολλάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σώεσκον","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σώεσκον","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b8-l363","source":"τειρόμενον σώεσκον ὑπʼ Εὐρυσθῆος ἀέθλων.","translation":"worn down beneath the labors laid on him by Eurystheus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l363.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σώεσκον","title":"Repeated rescue","body":"σώεσκον is an iterative imperfect: Athena did not save Heracles once, but repeatedly throughout the labors imposed by Eurystheus. The -σκ- form emphasizes the action happening again and again."}],"words":[{"surface":"τειρόμενον","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"worn"},{"surface":"σώεσκον","lemma":"σώω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"I saved"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Εὐρυσθῆος","lemma":"Εὐρυσθεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀέθλων","gloss":"Eurystheus"},{"surface":"ἀέθλων","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"struggles"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b8-l364","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν κλαίεσκε πρὸς οὐρανόν, αὐτὰρ ἐμὲ Ζεὺς","translation":"He would weep toward heaven, and Zeus would send me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κλαίεσκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"κλαίεσκε","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would weep"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"οὐρανόν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προΐαλλεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προΐαλλεν","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b8-l365","source":"τῷ ἐπαλεξήσουσαν ἀπʼ οὐρανόθεν προΐαλλεν.","translation":"down from heaven to stand beside him and defend him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπαλεξήσουσαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἐπαλεξήσουσαν","lemma":"ἐπαλέξω","morphology":"future active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"προΐαλλεν","lemma":"προιάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent me"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b8-l366","source":"εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τάδε ᾔδεʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσιν","translation":"If only I had known this in my shrewd heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔδἐ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ᾔδἐ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ᾔδε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had known"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"πευκαλίμῃσιν","lemma":"πευκάλιμος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"prudent"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b8-l367","source":"εὖτέ μιν εἰς Ἀΐδαο πυλάρταο προὔπεμψεν","translation":"when Eurystheus sent him to Hades the gatekeeper,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖτέ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προὔπεμψεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀΐδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"πυλάρταο","lemma":"πυλάρτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀΐδαο","gloss":"gate-keeper"},{"surface":"προὔπεμψεν","lemma":"προπέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτέ","gloss":"sent him"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b8-l368","source":"ἐξ Ἐρέβευς ἄξοντα κύνα στυγεροῦ Ἀΐδαο,","translation":"to bring the dog of hateful Hades up from Erebus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἐρέβευς","lemma":"Ἔρεβος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Erebus"},{"surface":"ἄξοντα","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"κύνα","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄξοντα","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"στυγεροῦ","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀΐδαο","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀΐδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κύνα","gloss":"of Hades"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b8-l369","source":"οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε Στυγὸς ὕδατος αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα.","translation":"he would not have escaped the steep streams of the Styx.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὑπεξέφυγε","lemma":"ὑπεκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"Στυγὸς","lemma":"Στύξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὕδατος","gloss":"Styx"},{"surface":"ὕδατος","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"αἰπὰ","lemma":"αἰπός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπεξέφυγε","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b8-l370","source":"νῦν δʼ ἐμὲ μὲν στυγέει, Θέτιδος δʼ ἐξήνυσε βουλάς,","translation":"Now he hates me, but has fulfilled the plans of Thetis,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of στυγέει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"στυγέει","lemma":"στυγέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hates"},{"surface":"Θέτιδος","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βουλάς","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐξήνυσε","lemma":"ἐξανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fulfilled"},{"surface":"βουλάς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξήνυσε","gloss":"plans"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b8-l371","source":"ἥ οἱ γούνατʼ ἔκυσσε καὶ ἔλλαβε χειρὶ γενείου,","translation":"who kissed his knees and grasped his chin in her hand,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γούνατ̓","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκυσσε","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔκυσσε","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"kissed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"grasped"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλλαβε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"γενείου","lemma":"γένειον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"chin"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b8-l372","source":"λισσομένη τιμῆσαι Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον.","translation":"begging him to honor Achilles, sacker of cities.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l372.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον","title":"Achilles, sacker of cities","body":"πτολίπορθος, sacker of cities, is a generic martial epithet also borne by other heroes. Here it sharpens the irony that the great destroyer of cities remains absent from battle while Zeus honors him."}],"words":[{"surface":"λισσομένη","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"entreating"},{"surface":"τιμῆσαι","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of λισσομένη","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τιμῆσαι","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"πτολίπορθον","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆα","gloss":"sacker of cities"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b8-l373","source":"ἔσται μὰν ὅτʼ ἂν αὖτε φίλην γλαυκώπιδα εἴπῃ.","translation":"A time will surely come when he calls me his dear bright-eyed one again.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπῃ","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γλαυκώπιδα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"γλαυκώπιδα","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"complement of εἴπῃ","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"εἴπῃ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"may say"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b8-l374","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν νῶϊν ἐπέντυε μώνυχας ἵππους,","translation":"But now harness our single-hoofed horses for us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for your part"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέντυε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέντυε","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"ἐπέντυε","lemma":"ἐπεντύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"harness"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέντυε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b8-l375","source":"ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼ καταδῦσα Διὸς δόμον αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"while I enter the hall of Zeus who bears the aegis","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of θωρήξομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"καταδῦσα","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to θωρήξομαι","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταδῦσα","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b8-l376","source":"τεύχεσιν ἐς πόλεμον θωρήξομαι, ὄφρα ἴδωμαι","translation":"and arm myself in battle gear, so I may see","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θωρήξομαι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"θωρήξομαι","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἴδωμαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may see"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b8-l377","source":"ἢ νῶϊ Πριάμοιο πάϊς κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"whether Priam's son, Hector of the flashing helm,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine pronoun","role":"object of γηθήσει","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b8-l378","source":"γηθήσει προφανέντε ἀνὰ πτολέμοιο γεφύρας,","translation":"will rejoice when we appear upon the causeways of battle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l378.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πτολέμοιο γεφύρας","title":"The causeways of battle","body":"γεφύρας literally suggests bridges, dikes, or causeways, but its exact force in Homeric battle language is disputed. The translation keeps the physical image rather than replacing it with a general word for combat."}],"words":[{"surface":"γηθήσει","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"will rejoice"},{"surface":"προφανέντε","lemma":"προφαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative dual feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"when we appear"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γεφύρας","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"γεφύρας","lemma":"γέφυρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"causeways"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b8-l379","source":"ἦ τις καὶ Τρώων κορέει κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνοὺς","translation":"or whether some Trojan too will glut the dogs and birds","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κορέει","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"κορέει","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"glut"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"the dogs"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰωνοὺς","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"the birds"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b8-l380","source":"δημῷ καὶ σάρκεσσι, πεσὼν ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"with his fat and flesh, fallen by the Achaeans' ships.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δημῷ","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σάρκεσσι","lemma":"σάρξ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"πεσὼν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κορέει","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b8-l381","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη.","translation":"So she spoke, and the goddess white-armed Hera did not disobey,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b8-l382","source":"ἣ μὲν ἐποιχομένη χρυσάμπυκας ἔντυεν ἵππους","translation":"Hera went among the horses and harnessed the gold-frontleted team,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l382.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χρυσάμπυκας","title":"Gold-frontleted horses","body":"The compound names the golden bands worn across the horses' foreheads. This line begins a compressed return of the divine arming scene from Book 5 and keeps its accepted English unchanged."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐποιχομένη","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔντυεν","gloss":"going among"},{"surface":"χρυσάμπυκας","lemma":"χρυσάμπυξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"gold-frontleted"},{"surface":"ἔντυεν","lemma":"̓ἐνψύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"harnessed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔντυεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b8-l383","source":"Ἥρη πρέσβα θεὰ θυγάτηρ μεγάλοιο Κρόνοιο·","translation":"the august goddess, daughter of great Cronos;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"πρέσβα","lemma":"πρέσβα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"august"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρόνοιο","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Κρόνοιο","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"Cronos"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b8-l384","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη κούρη Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"But Athena, daughter of Zeus who bears the aegis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b8-l385","source":"πέπλον μὲν κατέχευεν ἑανὸν πατρὸς ἐπʼ οὔδει","translation":"let fall her soft robe upon her father's floor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέπλον","lemma":"πέπλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατέχευεν","gloss":"robe"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"κατέχευεν","lemma":"καταχεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fall"},{"surface":"ἑανὸν","lemma":"ἑανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέπλον","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οὔδει","gloss":"her father's"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"οὔδει","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"floor"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b8-l386","source":"ποικίλον, ὅν ῥʼ αὐτὴ ποιήσατο καὶ κάμε χερσίν,","translation":"richly patterned, which she herself had made and wrought with her hands;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποικίλον","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ποιήσατο","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"had made"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάμε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"wrought"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"with her hands"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b8-l387","source":"ἣ δὲ χιτῶνʼ ἐνδῦσα Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο","translation":"then, putting on the tunic of Zeus the cloud-gatherer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of θωρήσσετο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χιτῶν","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνδῦσα","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"ἐνδῦσα","lemma":"ἐνδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσετο","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χιτῶν̓","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέταο","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b8-l388","source":"τεύχεσιν ἐς πόλεμον θωρήσσετο δακρυόεντα.","translation":"she arrayed herself in armor for tearful war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θωρήσσετο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"θωρήσσετο","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arrayed herself"},{"surface":"δακρυόεντα","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"tearful"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b8-l389","source":"ἐς δʼ ὄχεα φλόγεα ποσὶ βήσετο, λάζετο δʼ ἔγχος","translation":"She stepped with her feet into the flaming chariot and took up her spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄχεα","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"φλόγεα","lemma":"φλόγεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄχεα","gloss":"flaming"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βήσετο","gloss":"with her feet"},{"surface":"βήσετο","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"λάζετο","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λάζετο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b8-l390","source":"βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν, τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν","translation":"heavy, huge, and strong, with which she subdues the ranks","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βριθὺ","lemma":"βριθύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"στιβαρόν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δάμνησι","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"δάμνησι","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"she subdues"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δάμνησι","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b8-l391","source":"ἡρώων, τοῖσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη.","translation":"of heroes against whom she, daughter of a mighty father, is angered.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l391.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀβριμοπάτρη","title":"Daughter of a mighty father","body":"The compound ὀβριμοπάτρη names Athena through the might of her father Zeus. It closes the spear formula by linking her own terrible weapon to her divine parentage."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡρώων","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of heroes"},{"surface":"τοῖσίν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κοτέσσεται","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κοτέσσεται","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"she is angered"},{"surface":"ὀβριμοπάτρη","lemma":"ὀβριμοπάτρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κοτέσσεται","gloss":"mighty-fathered"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b8-l392","source":"Ἥρη δὲ μάστιγι θοῶς ἐπεμαίετʼ ἄρʼ ἵππους·","translation":"Then Hera swiftly plied the whip over the horses;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεμαίετ̓","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάστιγι","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμαίετ̓","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμαίετ̓","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ἐπεμαίετ","lemma":"ἐπιμαίομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plied"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπεμαίετ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b8-l393","source":"αὐτόμαται δὲ πύλαι μύκον οὐρανοῦ ἃς ἔχον Ὧραι,","translation":"and of themselves the gates of heaven groaned, which the Hours guarded,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόμαται","lemma":"αὐτόματος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"of themselves"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πύλαι","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of μύκον","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"μύκον","lemma":"μυκάομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"οὐρανοῦ","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πύλαι","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πύλαι","gloss":"guarded"},{"surface":"Ὧραι","lemma":"Ὡρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"Hours"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b8-l394","source":"τῇς ἐπιτέτραπται μέγας οὐρανὸς Οὔλυμπός τε","translation":"to whom great heaven and Olympus are entrusted,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιτέτραπται","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέτραπται","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὧραι","gloss":"are entrusted"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸς","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπός","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b8-l395","source":"ἠμὲν ἀνακλῖναι πυκινὸν νέφος ἠδʼ ἐπιθεῖναι.","translation":"both to roll back the thick cloud and to draw it over.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἀνακλῖναι","lemma":"ἀνακλίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"to roll back"},{"surface":"πυκινὸν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιθεῖναι","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"to draw over"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b8-l396","source":"τῇ ῥα διʼ αὐτάων κεντρηνεκέας ἔχον ἵππους.","translation":"Through these they guided the horses responsive to the goad;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"αὐτάων","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"κεντρηνεκέας","lemma":"κεντρηνεκής","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"goad-responsive"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guided"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b8-l397","source":"Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ Ἴδηθεν ἐπεὶ ἴδε χώσατʼ ἄρʼ αἰνῶς,","translation":"But father Zeus on Ida saw them and grew terribly angry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Ἴδηθεν","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"from Ida"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"χώσατ","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew angry"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χώσατ̓","gloss":"terribly"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b8-l398","source":"Ἶριν δʼ ὄτρυνε χρυσόπτερον ἀγγελέουσαν·","translation":"and urged golden-winged Iris to carry his message:","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἶριν","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"χρυσόπτερον","lemma":"χρυσόπτερος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶριν","gloss":"gold-winged"},{"surface":"ἀγγελέουσαν","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"future active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"carry his message"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b8-l399","source":"βάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα, πάλιν τρέπε μηδʼ ἔα ἄντην","translation":"\"Go now, swift Iris, turn them back, and do not let them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάσκ","lemma":"βάσκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"Ἶρι","lemma":"ἶρις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"ταχεῖα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέπε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"τρέπε","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn back"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεσθ̓","gloss":"face to face"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b8-l400","source":"ἔρχεσθʼ· οὐ γὰρ καλὰ συνοισόμεθα πτόλεμον δέ.","translation":"come against me; we shall not meet well in battle.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to συνοισόμεθα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"συνοισόμεθα","lemma":"συμφέρω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall meet"},{"surface":"πτόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of συνοισόμεθα","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b8-l401","source":"ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·","translation":"For thus I tell you, and this shall be brought to pass:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέω","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐξερέω","lemma":"ἐξερέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brought to pass"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall be"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b8-l402","source":"γυιώσω μέν σφωϊν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους,","translation":"I shall lame beneath their chariot their swift horses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γυιώσω","lemma":"γυιόω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cripple"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σφωϊν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἅρμασιν","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑφ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of γυιώσω","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b8-l403","source":"αὐτὰς δʼ ἐκ δίφρου βαλέω κατά θʼ ἅρματα ἄξω·","translation":"hurl the two of them from the car, and smash the chariot;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of βαλέω","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"βαλέω","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurl"},{"surface":"κατά","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄξω","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἄξω","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smash"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b8-l404","source":"οὐδέ κεν ἐς δεκάτους περιτελλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς","translation":"nor within ten full circling years","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δεκάτους","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτοὺς","gloss":"tenth"},{"surface":"περιτελλομένους","lemma":"περιτέλλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτοὺς","gloss":"circling"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτοὺς","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b8-l405","source":"ἕλκεʼ ἀπαλθήσεσθον, ἅ κεν μάρπτῃσι κεραυνός·","translation":"will wounds be healed that a thunderbolt may strike;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l405.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀπαλθήσεσθον","title":"The two goddesses","body":"ἀπαλθήσεσθον is dual, agreeing with Athena and Hera as a pair: the wounds of both will not heal. Greek's separate dual number keeps the threat fixed on exactly these two goddesses."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπαλθήσεσθον","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"ἀπαλθήσεσθον","lemma":"ἀπαλθαίνομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recover"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μάρπτῃσι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"μάρπτῃσι","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἕλκἐ","gloss":"may strike"},{"surface":"κεραυνός","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μάρπτῃσι","gloss":"thunderbolt"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b8-l406","source":"ὄφρα ἰδῇ γλαυκῶπις ὅτʼ ἂν ᾧ πατρὶ μάχηται.","translation":"so bright-eyed Athena may know what comes of fighting her father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἰδῇ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἰδῇ","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἂν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μάχηται","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"μάχηται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτ̓","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b8-l407","source":"Ἥρῃ δʼ οὔ τι τόσον νεμεσίζομαι οὐδὲ χολοῦμαι·","translation":"But against Hera I feel no such outrage or anger,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρῃ","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"νεμεσίζομαι","lemma":"νεμεσίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blame"},{"surface":"χολοῦμαι","lemma":"χολάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am angry"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b8-l408","source":"αἰεὶ γάρ μοι ἔωθεν ἐνικλᾶν ὅττί κεν εἴπω.","translation":"for she is always accustomed to thwart whatever I say.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔωθεν","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνικλᾶν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔωθεν","lemma":"ἔθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"accustomed"},{"surface":"ἐνικλᾶν","lemma":"ἐνικλάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔωθεν","gloss":"thwart"},{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ὅττί","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b8-l409","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δὲ Ἶρις ἀελλόπος ἀγγελέουσα,","translation":"So he spoke, and storm-footed Iris rose to carry the message,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l409.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἶρις ἀελλόπος","title":"Storm-footed Iris","body":"ἀελλόπος describes Iris with the speed of a storm wind. It is a distinct epithet from swift-footed and wind-footed, though all three mark her speed as the gods' messenger."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"ἀελλόπος","lemma":"ἀελλόπος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"storm-footed"},{"surface":"ἀγγελέουσα","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"carry the message"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b8-l410","source":"βῆ δʼ ἐξ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον.","translation":"and went from the mountains of Ida to high Olympus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἰδαίων","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀρέων","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b8-l411","source":"πρώτῃσιν δὲ πύλῃσι πολυπτύχου Οὐλύμποιο","translation":"At the first gates of many-folded Olympus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρώτῃσιν","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πύλῃσι","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πύλῃσι","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀντομένη","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"πολυπτύχου","lemma":"πολύπτυχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Οὐλύμποιο","gloss":"many-folded"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πύλῃσι","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b8-l412","source":"ἀντομένη κατέρυκε, Διὸς δέ σφʼ ἔννεπε μῦθον·","translation":"she met and checked them, and told them Zeus's word:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντομένη","lemma":"ἄντομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κατέρυκε","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"κατέρυκε","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept there"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔννεπε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἔννεπε","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔννεπε","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b8-l413","source":"πῇ μέματον; τί σφῶϊν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μαίνεται ἦτορ;","translation":"\"Where are you two rushing? Why does the heart rage in your breasts?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l413.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μέματον ... σφῶϊν","title":"Addressing two goddesses","body":"μέματον is a dual verb and σφῶϊν a dual pronoun: Iris asks where precisely the two goddesses are rushing and what is happening within the two of them. The grammar treats Hera and Athena as a pair throughout the warning."}],"words":[{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of μέματον","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"μέματον","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are eager"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μαίνεται","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative dual pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"μαίνεται","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of μαίνεται","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b8-l414","source":"οὐκ ἐάᾳ Κρονίδης ἐπαμυνέμεν Ἀργείοισιν.","translation":"The son of Cronos will not let you defend the Argives.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐάᾳ","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐάᾳ","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἐπαμυνέμεν","lemma":"ἐπαμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐάᾳ","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπαμυνέμεν","gloss":"the Argives"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b8-l415","source":"ὧδε γὰρ ἠπείλησε Κρόνου πάϊς, ᾗ τελέει περ,","translation":"For this is the threat the son of Cronos made, and he will fulfill it:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠπείλησε","gloss":"in this way"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἠπείλησε","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made this threat"},{"surface":"Κρόνου","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"Cronos"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠπείλησε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελέει","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τελέει","lemma":"τέλλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠπείλησε","gloss":"fulfill"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"surely"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b8-l416","source":"γυιώσειν μὲν σφῶϊν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους,","translation":"he will lame beneath your chariot your swift horses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γυιώσειν","lemma":"γυιόω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"cripple"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative dual pronoun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἅρμασιν","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑφ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of γυιώσειν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b8-l417","source":"αὐτὰς δʼ ἐκ δίφρου βαλέειν κατά θʼ ἅρματα ἄξειν·","translation":"hurl the two of you from the car, and smash the chariot;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of βαλέειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"hurl"},{"surface":"κατά","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄξειν","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἄξειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"smash"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b8-l418","source":"οὐδέ κεν ἐς δεκάτους περιτελλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς","translation":"nor within ten full circling years","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δεκάτους","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτοὺς","gloss":"tenth"},{"surface":"περιτελλομένους","lemma":"περιτέλλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτοὺς","gloss":"circling"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτοὺς","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b8-l419","source":"ἕλκεʼ ἀπαλθήσεσθον, ἅ κεν μάρπτῃσι κεραυνός·","translation":"will wounds be healed that a thunderbolt may strike;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνιαυτοὺς","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"ἀπαλθήσεσθον","lemma":"ἀπαλθαίνομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recover"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μάρπτῃσι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"μάρπτῃσι","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἕλκἐ","gloss":"may strike"},{"surface":"κεραυνός","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μάρπτῃσι","gloss":"thunderbolt"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b8-l420","source":"ὄφρα ἰδῇς γλαυκῶπι ὅτʼ ἂν σῷ πατρὶ μάχηαι.","translation":"so you may know, bright-eyed one, what comes of fighting your father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l420.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκῶπι","title":"An epithet in direct address","body":"γλαυκῶπι is vocative: Iris addresses Athena directly as bright-eyed one without repeating her name. The form turns Athena's familiar epithet into a pointed warning from Zeus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἰδῇς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπι","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μάχηαι","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"μάχηαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτ̓","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b8-l421","source":"Ἥρῃ δʼ οὔ τι τόσον νεμεσίζεται οὐδὲ χολοῦται·","translation":"Against Hera he feels no such outrage or anger,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρῃ","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"νεμεσίζεται","lemma":"νεμεσίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is indignant"},{"surface":"χολοῦται","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is angry"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b8-l422","source":"αἰεὶ γάρ οἱ ἔωθεν ἐνικλᾶν ὅττι κεν εἴπῃ·","translation":"for she is always accustomed to thwart whatever he says.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔωθεν","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνικλᾶν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔωθεν","lemma":"ἔθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"accustomed"},{"surface":"ἐνικλᾶν","lemma":"ἐνικλάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔωθεν","gloss":"thwart"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"εἴπῃ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἐνικλᾶν","gloss":"says"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b8-l423","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ αἰνοτάτη κύον ἀδεὲς εἰ ἐτεόν γε","translation":"But you, most dreadful dog, unafraid, if truly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l423.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰνοτάτη κύον ἀδεὲς","title":"Iris's insult","body":"Iris calls Athena a most dreadful dog and adds ἀδεὲς, unafraid. The line is deliberately abusive, matching the violence of Zeus's threat rather than softening it into a mild rebuke."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἰνοτάτη","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"most dreadful"},{"surface":"κύον","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"ἀδεὲς","lemma":"ἀδεής","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύον","gloss":"fearless"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ἐτεόν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τολμήσεις","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b8-l424","source":"τολμήσεις Διὸς ἄντα πελώριον ἔγχος ἀεῖραι.","translation":"you dare to raise your huge spear against Zeus!\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τολμήσεις","lemma":"τολμάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"dare"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄντα","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"πελώριον","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀεῖραι","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀεῖραι","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τολμήσεις","gloss":"raise"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b8-l425","source":"ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις,","translation":"So speaking, swift-footed Iris departed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκέα","gloss":"footed"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b8-l426","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίην Ἥρη πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"and Hera spoke these words to Athena:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b8-l427","source":"ὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος, οὐκέτʼ ἔγωγε","translation":"\"Ah, child of Zeus who bears the aegis, no longer will I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐῶ","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b8-l428","source":"νῶϊ ἐῶ Διὸς ἄντα βροτῶν ἕνεκα πτολεμίζειν·","translation":"let us two fight against Zeus for mortals' sake.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πτολεμίζειν","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ἐῶ","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄντα","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκα","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"ἕνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"sake"},{"surface":"πτολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐῶ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b8-l429","source":"τῶν ἄλλος μὲν ἀποφθίσθω, ἄλλος δὲ βιώτω,","translation":"Let one of them die, and another live,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀποφθίσθω","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἀποφθίσθω","lemma":"ἀποφθίνω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of βιώτω","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βιώτω","lemma":"βιόω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"live"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b8-l430","source":"ὅς κε τύχῃ· κεῖνος δὲ τὰ ἃ φρονέων ἐνὶ θυμῷ","translation":"as chance may fall; and let him, pondering his own designs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τύχῃ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"τύχῃ","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"happen"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of δικαζέτω","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of δικαζέτω","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"pondering"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b8-l431","source":"Τρωσί τε καὶ Δαναοῖσι δικαζέτω, ὡς ἐπιεικές.","translation":"judge between Trojans and Danaans as is fitting.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσί","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"δικαζέτω","lemma":"δικάζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"judge"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικές","lemma":"ἐπιεικής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fitting"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b8-l432","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πάλιν τρέπε μώνυχας ἵππους·","translation":"So speaking, she turned the single-hoofed horses back;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l432.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μώνυχας ἵππους","title":"Single-hoofed horses","body":"μώνυχας is a conventional epic description of horses as single-hoofed, contrasting their solid hoof with the cloven hoof of cattle. The same epithet marked the team when Athena ordered Hera to harness it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φωνήσασα","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τρέπε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέπε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"τρέπε","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τρέπε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b8-l433","source":"τῇσιν δʼ Ὧραι μὲν λῦσαν καλλίτριχας ἵππους,","translation":"and the Hours unyoked the lovely-maned horses for them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὧραι","lemma":"Ὥρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Hours"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"λῦσαν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"unyoked"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχας","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"fair-maned"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λῦσαν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b8-l434","source":"καὶ τοὺς μὲν κατέδησαν ἐπʼ ἀμβροσίῃσι κάπῃσιν,","translation":"and tethered them beside the ambrosial mangers,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέδησαν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"κατέδησαν","lemma":"καταδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound fast"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίῃσι","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κάπῃσιν","gloss":"ambrosial"},{"surface":"κάπῃσιν","lemma":"κάπη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"mangers"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b8-l435","source":"ἅρματα δʼ ἔκλιναν πρὸς ἐνώπια παμφανόωντα·","translation":"then leaned the chariot against the shining front wall;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκλιναν","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔκλιναν","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaned"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἐνώπια","lemma":"ἐνώπια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"front wall"},{"surface":"παμφανόωντα","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ἐνώπια","gloss":"all-shining"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b8-l436","source":"αὐταὶ δὲ χρυσέοισιν ἐπὶ κλισμοῖσι κάθιζον","translation":"and the goddesses sat upon golden chairs","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐταὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσέοισιν","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κλισμοῖσι","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κλισμοῖσι","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"chairs"},{"surface":"κάθιζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b8-l437","source":"μίγδʼ ἄλλοισι θεοῖσι, φίλον τετιημέναι ἦτορ.","translation":"among the other gods, their dear hearts grieved.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίγδ","lemma":"μίγδα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μίγδ̓","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τετιημέναι","lemma":"τετίημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to κάθιζον","gloss":"grieved"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τετιημέναι","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b8-l438","source":"Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ Ἴδηθεν ἐΰτροχον ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους","translation":"Then father Zeus from Ida drove his smooth-running chariot and horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Ἴδηθεν","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δίωκε","gloss":"from Ida"},{"surface":"ἐΰτροχον","lemma":"εὔτροχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμα","gloss":"well-wheeled"},{"surface":"ἅρμα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b8-l439","source":"Οὔλυμπον δὲ δίωκε, θεῶν δʼ ἐξίκετο θώκους.","translation":"toward Olympus, and came among the seats of the gods.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Οὔλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δίωκε","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δίωκε","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θώκους","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξίκετο","lemma":"ἐξικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"θώκους","lemma":"θᾶκος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξίκετο","gloss":"seats"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b8-l440","source":"τῷ δὲ καὶ ἵππους μὲν λῦσε κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος,","translation":"For him the famed shaker of earth unyoked the horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l440.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος","title":"The famed shaker of earth","body":"ἐννοσίγαιος is Poseidon's earth-shaking title, used here in place of his name. Despite Hera's earlier appeal to him, he receives Zeus and tends the returning chariot."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to λῦσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λῦσε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"λῦσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"unyoked"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιος","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιος","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b8-l441","source":"ἅρματα δʼ ἂμ βωμοῖσι τίθει κατὰ λῖτα πετάσσας·","translation":"set the chariot upon its stand, and spread a linen cloth over it;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"βωμοῖσι","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἂμ","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"λῖτα","lemma":"λίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πετάσσας","gloss":"linen cloth"},{"surface":"πετάσσας","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"spread"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b8-l442","source":"αὐτὸς δὲ χρύσειον ἐπὶ θρόνον εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","translation":"and wide-thundering Zeus himself sat down","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l442.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","title":"Wide-thundering Zeus","body":"εὐρύοπα points to Zeus's far-reaching voice or thunder, not to sight. The fixed rendering wide-thundering keeps this epithet distinct from cloud-gatherer and other titles of Zeus."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρύσειον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνον","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"θρόνον","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b8-l443","source":"ἕζετο, τῷ δʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶ μέγας πελεμίζετʼ Ὄλυμπος.","translation":"upon his golden throne, and great Olympus shook beneath his feet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"his feet"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πελεμίζετ","lemma":"πελεμίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπος","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πελεμίζετ̓","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b8-l444","source":"αἳ δʼ οἶαι Διὸς ἀμφὶς Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη","translation":"Athena and Hera alone sat apart from Zeus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶαι","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶς","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b8-l445","source":"ἥσθην, οὐδέ τί μιν προσεφώνεον οὐδʼ ἐρέοντο·","translation":"and neither addressed him nor asked him anything;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥσθην","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat","note":"Dual pluperfect of ἧμαι 'sit,' used with simple past force: 'the two of them sat.'"},{"surface":"οὐδέ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεον","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed, spoke to"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἐρέοντο","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"asked"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b8-l446","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε·","translation":"but he understood it in his own heart, and spoke to them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b8-l447","source":"τίφθʼ οὕτω τετίησθον Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη;","translation":"\"Why are you two so grieved, Athena and Hera?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίφθ","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to τετίησθον","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετίησθον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τετίησθον","lemma":"τετίημαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grieved"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b8-l448","source":"οὐ μέν θην κάμετόν γε μάχῃ ἔνι κυδιανείρῃ","translation":"Surely you did not weary yourselves in the battle that brings men glory,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"θην","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"κάμετόν","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weary"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κυδιανείρῃ","lemma":"κυδιάνειρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μάχῃ","gloss":"bringing men glory"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b8-l449","source":"ὀλλῦσαι Τρῶας, τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε.","translation":"slaying the Trojans against whom you set your dreadful hate.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀλλῦσαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"object of κάμετόν","gloss":"slaying"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλλῦσαι","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθεσθε","gloss":"against whom"},{"surface":"κότον","lemma":"κότος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθεσθε","gloss":"the grudge"},{"surface":"αἰνὸν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κότον","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"ἔθεσθε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρῶας","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b8-l450","source":"πάντως, οἷον ἐμόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρες ἄαπτοι,","translation":"In any case, such are my strength and irresistible hands","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l450.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χεῖρες ἄαπτοι","title":"Irresistible hands","body":"ἄαπτος means not to be laid hold of or resisted. The same phrase was established in Book 1 for Zeus's overwhelming physical force and returns here unchanged."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντως","lemma":"πάντως","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in any case"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐμόν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρες","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἄαπτοι","lemma":"ἄαπτος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρες","gloss":"irresistible"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b8-l451","source":"οὐκ ἄν με τρέψειαν ὅσοι θεοί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ.","translation":"that all the gods upon Olympus could not turn me back.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τρέψειαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τρέψειαν","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could turn"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσ̓","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"εἰσ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of τρέψειαν","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπῳ","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b8-l452","source":"σφῶϊν δὲ πρίν περ τρόμος ἔλλαβε φαίδιμα γυῖα","translation":"But trembling seized the shining limbs of you both","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l452.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σφῶϊν ... φαίδιμα γυῖα","title":"Fear seizes both","body":"The dual pronoun σφῶϊν marks Hera and Athena together, while the plural γυῖα names their limbs. Zeus taunts the pair as one frightened unit before either has even entered the battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative dual pronoun","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλλαβε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τρόμος","lemma":"τρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"φαίδιμα","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b8-l453","source":"πρὶν πόλεμόν τε ἰδεῖν πολέμοιό τε μέρμερα ἔργα.","translation":"before you saw the war and war's grievous work.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πόλεμόν","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδεῖν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"πολέμοιό","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέρμερα","lemma":"μέρμερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"baneful"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"work"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b8-l454","source":"ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δέ κεν τετελεσμένον ἦεν·","translation":"For thus I tell you, and it would have been brought to pass:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέω","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐξερέω","lemma":"ἐξερέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brought to pass"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b8-l455","source":"οὐκ ἂν ἐφʼ ὑμετέρων ὀχέων πληγέντε κεραυνῷ","translation":"once struck by my thunderbolt upon your chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὑμετέρων","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀχέων","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"πληγέντε","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative dual feminine","role":"adverbial to ἵκεσθον","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κεραυνῷ","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πληγέντε","gloss":"thunderbolt"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b8-l456","source":"ἂψ ἐς Ὄλυμπον ἵκεσθον, ἵνʼ ἀθανάτων ἕδος ἐστίν.","translation":"you would not have returned to Olympus, the immortals' seat.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκεσθον","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἵκεσθον","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have returned"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστίν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἕδος","gloss":"of the immortals"},{"surface":"ἕδος","lemma":"ἕδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b8-l457","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἳ δʼ ἐπέμυξαν Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη·","translation":"So he spoke, and Athena and Hera muttered in anger;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l457.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἳ δʼ ἐπέμυξαν","title":"A quarrel returns","body":"This line and the five that follow repeat the divine quarrel from Book 4. Their English is held verbatim so the audience hears the same formal pattern return around Athena's silence and Hera's anger."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέμυξαν","lemma":"ἐπιμύζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"muttered angrily"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b8-l458","source":"πλησίαι αἵ γʼ ἥσθην, κακὰ δὲ Τρώεσσι μεδέσθην.","translation":"sitting close together, they were devising evils for the Trojans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλησίαι","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"close together"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἥσθην","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἥσθην","lemma":"ἥδομαι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μεδέσθην","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεδέσθην","gloss":"for the Trojans"},{"surface":"μεδέσθην","lemma":"μέδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were devising"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b8-l459","source":"ἤτοι Ἀθηναίη ἀκέων ἦν οὐδέ τι εἶπε","translation":"Athena indeed was silent and said nothing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"ἀκέων","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἶπε","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b8-l460","source":"σκυζομένη Διὶ πατρί, χόλος δέ μιν ἄγριος ᾕρει·","translation":"raging at Zeus her father; a savage anger seized her;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκυζομένη","lemma":"σκύζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σκυζομένη","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρί","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾕρει","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ᾕρει","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἄγριος","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλος","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"ᾕρει","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b8-l461","source":"Ἥρῃ δʼ οὐκ ἔχαδε στῆθος χόλον, ἀλλὰ προσηύδα·","translation":"but Hera's breast could not contain her anger, and she spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρῃ","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies στῆθος","gloss":"Hera's"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔχαδε","lemma":"χανδάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could contain"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχαδε","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχαδε","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b8-l462","source":"αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Most dread son of Cronos, what a word you have spoken!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l462.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες","title":"Hera's repeated rebuke","body":"Hera opens with the exact rebuke she used against Zeus in Books 1 and 4. The repeated Greek and English make her opposition itself formulaic."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰνότατε","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίδη","gloss":"most dread"},{"surface":"Κρονίδη","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ποῖον","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have spoken"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b8-l463","source":"εὖ νυ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν ὅ τοι σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν·","translation":"We too know well that your strength is not feeble;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδμεν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδμεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδμεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλαπαδνόν","lemma":"ἀλαπαδνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weak"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b8-l464","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔμπης Δαναῶν ὀλοφυρόμεθʼ αἰχμητάων,","translation":"Yet still we mourn the Danaan spearmen,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l464.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Δαναῶν ... αἰχμητάων","title":"Danaan spearmen","body":"αἰχμητάων names the Danaans by the spear-point, making them spearmen rather than using a general word for warriors. Lines 464–468 repeat Athena's earlier submission to Zeus within this same book."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλοφυρόμεθ̓","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλοφυρόμεθ̓","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρόμεθ","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we mourn"},{"surface":"αἰχμητάων","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"spearmen"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b8-l465","source":"οἵ κεν δὴ κακὸν οἶτον ἀναπλήσαντες ὄλωνται.","translation":"who now shall fill their wretched fate and perish.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄλωνται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶτον","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"οἶτον","lemma":"οἶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀναπλήσαντες","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἀναπλήσαντες","lemma":"ἀναπίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄλωνται","gloss":"fulfill"},{"surface":"ὄλωνται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δαναῶν","gloss":"perish"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b8-l466","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι πολέμου μὲν ἀφεξόμεθʼ, εἰ σὺ κελεύεις·","translation":"Still, we shall keep away from war, as you command;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφεξόμεθ̓","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀφεξόμεθ","lemma":"ἀπέχω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of κελεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b8-l467","source":"βουλὴν δʼ Ἀργείοις ὑποθησόμεθʼ ἥ τις ὀνήσει,","translation":"but we shall offer counsel to the Argives that may help them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλὴν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑποθησόμεθ̓","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοις","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὑποθησόμεθ̓","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ὑποθησόμεθ","lemma":"ὑποτίθημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"offer counsel"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀνήσει","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ὀνήσει","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βουλὴν","gloss":"will help"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b8-l468","source":"ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται ὀδυσσαμένοιο τεοῖο.","translation":"so all do not perish beneath your wrath.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὄλωνται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"perish"},{"surface":"ὀδυσσαμένοιο","lemma":"ὀδύσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄλωνται","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"τεοῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"subject of ὀδυσσαμένοιο","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b8-l469","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l469.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς","title":"Zeus the cloud-gatherer","body":"Zeus's cloud-gathering epithet returns in the full answered-and-said speech formula. Both the epithet and the speech frame keep their accepted wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b8-l470","source":"ἠοῦς δὴ καὶ μᾶλλον ὑπερμενέα Κρονίωνα","translation":"\"At dawn, still more, the exceedingly mighty son of Cronos","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠοῦς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄψεαι","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλλύντ̓","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέα","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνα","gloss":"exceedingly mighty"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνα","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄψεαι","gloss":"son of Cronos"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b8-l471","source":"ὄψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα, βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη","translation":"you shall see, if you wish, ox-eyed queenly Hera,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψεαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will see"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b8-l472","source":"ὀλλύντʼ Ἀργείων πουλὺν στρατὸν αἰχμητάων·","translation":"destroying the great host of Argive spearmen;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀλλύντ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"slaying"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰχμητάων","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"πουλὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλλύντ̓","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"αἰχμητάων","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"spearmen"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b8-l473","source":"οὐ γὰρ πρὶν πολέμου ἀποπαύσεται ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"for mighty Hector will not cease from war","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποπαύσεται","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποπαύσεται","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ἀποπαύσεται","lemma":"ἀποπαύω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cease"},{"surface":"ὄβριμος","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποπαύσεται","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b8-l474","source":"πρὶν ὄρθαι παρὰ ναῦφι ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα,","translation":"until he rouses the swift-footed son of Peleus beside the ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l474.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα","title":"The swift-footed son of Peleus","body":"Achilles is named through his father Peleus and his standing swiftness epithet. Zeus forecasts the crisis that will finally draw him back toward battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὄρθαι","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ναῦφι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ποδώκεα","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρθαι","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b8-l475","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἂν οἳ μὲν ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσι μάχωνται","translation":"on that day when they fight beside the sterns","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὄρθαι","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχωνται","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"πρύμνῃσι","lemma":"πρύμνα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships' sterns"},{"surface":"μάχωνται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτ̓","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b8-l476","source":"στείνει ἐν αἰνοτάτῳ περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος·","translation":"in the most dreadful straits around Patroclus fallen dead;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στείνει","lemma":"στεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"narrow place"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αἰνοτάτῳ","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"dative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"modifies στείνει","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fallen dead"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b8-l477","source":"ὣς γὰρ θέσφατόν ἐστι· σέθεν δʼ ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀλεγίζω","translation":"for so it is ordained. I take no heed of you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"θέσφατόν","lemma":"θέσφατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ordained"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀλεγίζω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλεγίζω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ἀλεγίζω","lemma":"ἀλεγίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heed"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b8-l478","source":"χωομένης, οὐδʼ εἴ κε τὰ νείατα πείραθʼ ἵκηαι","translation":"in your anger, not even if you reach the lowest bounds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωομένης","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in your anger"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies πείραθ̓","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"νείατα","lemma":"νέατος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πείραθ̓","gloss":"lowest"},{"surface":"πείραθ","lemma":"πεῖραρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκηαι","gloss":"bounds"},{"surface":"ἵκηαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you may reach"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b8-l479","source":"γαίης καὶ πόντοιο, ἵνʼ Ἰάπετός τε Κρόνος τε","translation":"of earth and sea, where Iapetus and Cronos","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόντοιο","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"Ἰάπετός","lemma":"Ἰάπετος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Iapetus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κρόνος","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Cronos"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b8-l480","source":"ἥμενοι οὔτʼ αὐγῇς Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο","translation":"sit and take no joy in the rays of Hyperion the Sun","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενοι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρποντ̓","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"αὐγῇς","lemma":"αὐγή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τέρποντ̓","gloss":"rays"},{"surface":"Ὑπερίονος","lemma":"Ὑπερίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἠελίοιο","gloss":"Hyperion"},{"surface":"Ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἥλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αὐγῇς","gloss":"sun"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b8-l481","source":"τέρποντʼ οὔτʼ ἀνέμοισι, βαθὺς δέ τε Τάρταρος ἀμφίς·","translation":"or in the winds, but deep Tartarus lies all around them;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέρποντ","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"take joy"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοισι","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"βαθὺς","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τάρταρος","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Τάρταρος","lemma":"Τάρταρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Tartarus"},{"surface":"ἀμφίς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"all around"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b8-l482","source":"οὐδʼ ἢν ἔνθʼ ἀφίκηαι ἀλωμένη, οὔ σευ ἔγωγε","translation":"not even if your wandering brings you there will I care","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀφίκηαι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἀφίκηαι","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢν","gloss":"you may reach"},{"surface":"ἀλωμένη","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀφίκηαι","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀλέγω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλέγω","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b8-l483","source":"σκυζομένης ἀλέγω, ἐπεὶ οὐ σέο κύντερον ἄλλο.","translation":"for your anger, since there is nothing more doglike than you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκυζομένης","lemma":"σκύζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"your anger"},{"surface":"ἀλέγω","lemma":"ἀλέγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heed"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies κύντερον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κύντερον","lemma":"κύντερος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλο","gloss":"more shameless"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"anything else"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b8-l484","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη λευκώλενος Ἥρη.","translation":"So he spoke, but white-armed Hera gave him no answer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b8-l485","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔπεσʼ Ὠκεανῷ λαμπρὸν φάος ἠελίοιο","translation":"Then the sun's bright light fell into Oceanus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπεσ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανῷ","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"Oceanus"},{"surface":"λαμπρὸν","lemma":"λαμπρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔπεσ̓","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"of the sun"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b8-l486","source":"ἕλκον νύκτα μέλαιναν ἐπὶ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν.","translation":"drawing black night across the life-giving plowland.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκον","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ἔπεσ̓","gloss":"was drawing"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλκον","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"ζείδωρον","lemma":"ζείδωρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουραν","gloss":"grain-giving"},{"surface":"ἄρουραν","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"plowland"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b8-l487","source":"Τρωσὶν μέν ῥʼ ἀέκουσιν ἔδυ φάος, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοῖς","translation":"For the unwilling Trojans the light went down, but upon the Achaeans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδυ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀέκουσιν","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"ἔδυ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔδυ","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπήλυθε","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b8-l488","source":"ἀσπασίη τρίλλιστος ἐπήλυθε νὺξ ἐρεβεννή.","translation":"welcome night came, thrice prayed for, dark with gloom.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l488.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀσπασίη τρίλλιστος ... νὺξ ἐρεβεννή","title":"Thrice-prayed-for night","body":"Night is welcome and τρίλλιστος, prayed for three times or intensely entreated, because darkness halts Hector's assault. The same sunset is therefore loss to the Trojans and rescue to the Achaeans."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπασίη","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"τρίλλιστος","lemma":"τρίλλιστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"thrice-prayed-for"},{"surface":"ἐπήλυθε","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπήλυθε","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἐρεβεννή","lemma":"ἐρεβεννός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b8-l489","source":"Τρώων αὖτʼ ἀγορὴν ποιήσατο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"Then glorious Hector called an assembly of the Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἀγορὴν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποιήσατο","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"ποιήσατο","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ποιήσατο","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b8-l490","source":"νόσφι νεῶν ἀγαγὼν ποταμῷ ἔπι δινήεντι,","translation":"leading them away from the ships beside the eddying river,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of νόσφι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀγαγὼν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ποιήσατο","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δινήεντι","lemma":"δινήεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμῷ","gloss":"eddying"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b8-l491","source":"ἐν καθαρῷ ὅθι δὴ νεκύων διεφαίνετο χῶρος.","translation":"in a clear place where the ground showed free of corpses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"καθαρῷ","lemma":"καθαρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διεφαίνετο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νεκύων","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of διεφαίνετο","gloss":"of the dead"},{"surface":"διεφαίνετο","lemma":"διαφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καθαρῷ","gloss":"appeared clear"},{"surface":"χῶρος","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of διεφαίνετο","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b8-l492","source":"ἐξ ἵππων δʼ ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα μῦθον ἄκουον","translation":"Climbing down from their chariots, they listened on the ground","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀποβάντες","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄκουον","gloss":"having stepped down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"χθόνα","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουον","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἄκουον","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listened"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b8-l493","source":"τόν ῥʼ Ἕκτωρ ἀγόρευε Διῒ φίλος· ἐν δʼ ἄρα χειρὶ","translation":"to the speech Hector, dear to Zeus, addressed to them; in his hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μῦθον","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλος","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b8-l494","source":"ἔγχος ἔχʼ ἑνδεκάπηχυ· πάροιθε δὲ λάμπετο δουρὸς","translation":"he held an eleven-cubit spear; before its shaft gleamed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἑνδεκάπηχυ","lemma":"ἑνδεκάπηχυς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"eleven cubits long"},{"surface":"πάροιθε","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάμπετο","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λάμπετο","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shone"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"shaft"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b8-l495","source":"αἰχμὴ χαλκείη, περὶ δὲ χρύσεος θέε πόρκης,","translation":"the bronze point, and a golden collar ran around it.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λάμπετο","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"χαλκείη","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρύσεος","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόρκης","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"θέε","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"πόρκης","lemma":"πόρκης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θέε","gloss":"spear ring"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b8-l496","source":"τῷ ὅ γʼ ἐρεισάμενος ἔπεα Τρώεσσι μετηύδα·","translation":"Leaning upon it, he addressed the Trojans with these words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐρεισάμενος","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετηύδα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐρεισάμενος","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b8-l497","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ Δάρδανοι ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι·","translation":"\"Hear me, you Trojans and Dardanians and allies;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l497.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ Δάρδανοι ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι","title":"Hector's assembly call","body":"The herald-like call names the Trojans, Dardanians, and allied contingents separately. Its Greek and accepted English recur from earlier assemblies and are kept verbatim."}],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δάρδανοι","lemma":"Δάρδανος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Dardanians"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουροι","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b8-l498","source":"νῦν ἐφάμην νῆάς τʼ ὀλέσας καὶ πάντας Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"just now I thought that, destroying the ships together with all the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάμην","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"νῆάς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλέσας","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"destroying"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὺς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b8-l499","source":"ἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν·","translation":"I would return again toward windy Ilion;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀπονοστήσειν","lemma":"ἀπονοστέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐφάμην","gloss":"would return"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἠνεμόεσσαν","lemma":"ἠνεμόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"windy"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b8-l500","source":"ἀλλὰ πρὶν κνέφας ἦλθε, τὸ νῦν ἐσάωσε μάλιστα","translation":"but darkness came first, and it above all has now saved","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"κνέφας","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσάωσε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσάωσε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐσάωσε","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κνέφας","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσάωσε","gloss":"above all"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b8-l501","source":"Ἀργείους καὶ νῆας ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης.","translation":"the Argives and their ships upon the breaking sea.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ῥηγμῖνι","lemma":"ῥηγμίν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"breaking surf"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ῥηγμῖνι","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b8-l502","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι νῦν μὲν πειθώμεθα νυκτὶ μελαίνῃ","translation":"But now let us obey black night","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for now"},{"surface":"πειθώμεθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πειθώμεθα","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νυκτὶ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b8-l503","source":"δόρπά τʼ ἐφοπλισόμεσθα· ἀτὰρ καλλίτριχας ἵππους","translation":"and make our suppers ready; but your lovely-maned horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δόρπά","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφοπλισόμεσθα","gloss":"suppers"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφοπλισόμεσθα","lemma":"ἐφοπλίζω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make ready"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχας","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"fair-maned"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λύσαθ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b8-l504","source":"λύσαθʼ ὑπὲξ ὀχέων, παρὰ δέ σφισι βάλλετʼ ἐδωδήν·","translation":"unhitch from beneath the chariots and cast fodder beside them;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύσαθ","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"unhitch"},{"surface":"ὑπὲξ","lemma":"ὑπέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὲξ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"βάλλετ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἐδωδήν","lemma":"ἐδωδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλλετ̓","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b8-l505","source":"ἐκ πόλιος δʼ ἄξεσθε βόας καὶ ἴφια μῆλα","translation":"bring cattle and sturdy sheep out from the city","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄξεσθε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"βόας","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴφια","lemma":"ἴφιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b8-l506","source":"καρπαλίμως, οἶνον δὲ μελίφρονα οἰνίζεσθε","translation":"with all speed, fetch honey-hearted wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄξεσθε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μελίφρονα","lemma":"μελίφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"οἰνίζεσθε","lemma":"οἰνίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fetch"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b8-l507","source":"σῖτόν τʼ ἐκ μεγάρων, ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγεσθε,","translation":"and grain from the halls, and gather heaps of wood,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῖτόν","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μεγάρων","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξύλα","lemma":"ξύλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λέγεσθε","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξύλα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"λέγεσθε","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gather"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b8-l508","source":"ὥς κεν παννύχιοι μέσφʼ ἠοῦς ἠριγενείης","translation":"so that all night long until early-born Dawn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l508.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠοῦς ἠριγενείης","title":"Early-born Dawn","body":"ἠριγένεια, early-born, is one of Dawn's standing epithets. Here rosy-fingered is absent, so the line does not expand into the poem's fuller fixed dawn formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"παννύχιοι","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"μέσφ","lemma":"μέσφα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἠοῦς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μέσφ̓","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"ἠριγενείης","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠοῦς","gloss":"early-born"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b8-l509","source":"καίωμεν πυρὰ πολλά, σέλας δʼ εἰς οὐρανὸν ἵκῃ,","translation":"we may burn many fires, and their blaze reach heaven,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καίωμεν","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"we burn"},{"surface":"πυρὰ","lemma":"πυρά","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καίωμεν","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὰ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"σέλας","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκῃ","gloss":"blaze"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἵκῃ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"reach"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b8-l510","source":"μή πως καὶ διὰ νύκτα κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"lest somehow by night the long-haired Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κομόωντες","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὁρμήσωνται","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b8-l511","source":"φεύγειν ὁρμήσωνται ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης.","translation":"set out in flight across the broad back of the sea.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγειν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὁρμήσωνται","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"ὁρμήσωνται","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"εὐρέα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b8-l512","source":"μὴ μὰν ἀσπουδί γε νεῶν ἐπιβαῖεν ἕκηλοι,","translation":"Let them not mount their ships at ease, without a fight,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἀσπουδί","lemma":"ἀσπουδί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιβαῖεν","gloss":"without a struggle"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβαῖεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπιβαῖεν","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mount"},{"surface":"ἕκηλοι","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b8-l513","source":"ἀλλʼ ὥς τις τούτων γε βέλος καὶ οἴκοθι πέσσῃ","translation":"but let some man among them nurse a missile even at home,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l513.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βέλος ... οἴκοθι πέσσῃ","title":"A wound carried home","body":"πέσσῃ literally means digest or ripen. Hector imagines an Achaean surviving the voyage but still nursing at home the missile wound received while boarding his ship."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέσσῃ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τούτων","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πέσσῃ","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οἴκοθι","lemma":"οἴκοθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέσσῃ","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"πέσσῃ","lemma":"πέσσω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"nurse"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b8-l514","source":"βλήμενος ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι","translation":"struck by an arrow or by a sharp-pointed spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βλήμενος","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσσῃ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ὀξυόεντι","lemma":"ὀξυόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b8-l515","source":"νηὸς ἐπιθρῴσκων, ἵνα τις στυγέῃσι καὶ ἄλλος","translation":"as he leaps aboard, so that another too may shrink","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιθρῴσκων","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἐπιθρῴσκων","lemma":"ἐπιθρῴσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βλήμενος","gloss":"leaping"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of στυγέῃσι","gloss":"some man"},{"surface":"στυγέῃσι","lemma":"στυγέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"shrink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b8-l516","source":"Τρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισι φέρειν πολύδακρυν Ἄρηα.","translation":"from bringing war of many tears upon the horse-taming Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l516.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύδακρυν Ἄρηα","title":"Ares as war","body":"Here Ares' name stands for war itself, qualified as bringing many tears. The personified god and the thing he embodies remain deliberately close in Homeric diction."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοισι","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρωσὶν","gloss":"horse-taming"},{"surface":"φέρειν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of στυγέῃσι","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"πολύδακρυν","lemma":"πολύδακρυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"tearful"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρειν","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b8-l517","source":"κήρυκες δʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ Διῒ φίλοι ἀγγελλόντων","translation":"And let heralds dear to Zeus proclaim throughout the city","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγγελλόντων","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλοι","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κήρυκες","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἀγγελλόντων","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"proclaim"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b8-l518","source":"παῖδας πρωθήβας πολιοκροτάφους τε γέροντας","translation":"that youths in their first manhood and gray-templed old men","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδας","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"youths"},{"surface":"πρωθήβας","lemma":"πρωθήβης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδας","gloss":"in first youth"},{"surface":"πολιοκροτάφους","lemma":"πολιοκρόταφος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέροντας","gloss":"gray-templed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντας","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"old men"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b8-l519","source":"λέξασθαι περὶ ἄστυ θεοδμήτων ἐπὶ πύργων·","translation":"take their posts around the city on its god-built towers;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λέξασθαι","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀγγελλόντων","gloss":"take their posts"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"θεοδμήτων","lemma":"θεόδμητος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πύργων","gloss":"built by gods"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πύργων","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"towers"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b8-l520","source":"θηλύτεραι δὲ γυναῖκες ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἑκάστη","translation":"and let the women, each within her hall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θηλύτεραι","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναῖκες","gloss":"female"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καιόντων","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"ἑκάστη","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b8-l521","source":"πῦρ μέγα καιόντων· φυλακὴ δέ τις ἔμπεδος ἔστω","translation":"kindle a great fire; and let a steadfast watch be kept","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καιόντων","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καιόντων","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kindle"},{"surface":"φυλακὴ","lemma":"φυλακή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies φυλακὴ","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδος","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φυλακὴ","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b8-l522","source":"μὴ λόχος εἰσέλθῃσι πόλιν λαῶν ἀπεόντων.","translation":"lest an ambush enter the city while the army is away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"λόχος","lemma":"λόχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσέλθῃσι","gloss":"ambush"},{"surface":"εἰσέλθῃσι","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσέλθῃσι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπεόντων","gloss":"army"},{"surface":"ἀπεόντων","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰσέλθῃσι","gloss":"being away"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b8-l523","source":"ὧδʼ ἔστω Τρῶες μεγαλήτορες ὡς ἀγορεύω·","translation":"Let it be so, great-hearted Trojans, as I tell you;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορες","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύω","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"tell"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b8-l524","source":"μῦθος δʼ ὃς μὲν νῦν ὑγιὴς εἰρημένος ἔστω,","translation":"let the counsel now spoken stand sound and whole,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l524.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῦθος ... ὑγιὴς","title":"Sound counsel","body":"ὑγιὴς literally means healthy or sound. Hector applies it to his present counsel as a plan that is whole and fit for the night, before promising another speech at dawn."}],"words":[{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for now"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὑγιὴς","lemma":"ὑγιής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"εἰρημένος","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"spoken"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it stand"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b8-l525","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠοῦς Τρώεσσι μεθʼ ἱπποδάμοις ἀγορεύσω.","translation":"and at dawn I shall speak another among the horse-taming Trojans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠοῦς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεθ̓","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοις","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώεσσι","gloss":"horse-taming"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύσω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b8-l526","source":"ἔλπομαι εὐχόμενος Διί τʼ ἄλλοισίν τε θεοῖσιν","translation":"I hope, praying to Zeus and all the other gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλπομαι","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I expect"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλπομαι","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"Διί","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισίν","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b8-l527","source":"ἐξελάαν ἐνθένδε κύνας κηρεσσιφορήτους,","translation":"to drive from here these dogs borne onward by doom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l527.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κύνας κηρεσσιφορήτους","title":"Dogs borne onward by doom","body":"Hector calls the Achaeans dogs and describes them with a dense compound built on κήρ, destructive fate or death-doom. The next line unfolds the image: their dooms carry them upon the black ships."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξελάαν","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπομαι","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"ἐνθένδε","lemma":"ἐνθένδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐξελάαν","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξελάαν","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"κηρεσσιφορήτους","lemma":"κηρεσσιφόρητος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνας","gloss":"borne by doom"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b8-l528","source":"οὓς κῆρες φορέουσι μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν.","translation":"whom the dooms carry upon the black ships.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φορέουσι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"κῆρες","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of φορέουσι","gloss":"the fates"},{"surface":"φορέουσι","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κύνας","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"μελαινάων","lemma":"μέλαινα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b8-l529","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι ἐπὶ νυκτὶ φυλάξομεν ἡμέας αὐτούς,","translation":"But through the night let us keep guard over ourselves,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"φυλάξομεν","lemma":"φυλάζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep watch"},{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φυλάξομεν","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ourselves"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b8-l530","source":"πρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες","translation":"and early at dawn, arrayed in our armor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶϊ","lemma":"πρωί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"early"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπηοῖοι","lemma":"ὑπηοῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"before dawn"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"θωρηχθέντες","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"arrayed"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b8-l531","source":"νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα.","translation":"let us rouse sharp battle beside the hollow ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσιν","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐγείρομεν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b8-l532","source":"εἴσομαι εἴ κέ μʼ ὁ Τυδεΐδης κρατερὸς Διομήδης","translation":"Then I shall know whether mighty Diomedes, son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l532.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Τυδεΐδης κρατερὸς Διομήδης","title":"Mighty Diomedes, son of Tydeus","body":"Hector combines Diomedes' patronymic with the already established epithet mighty. His boast singles out the Achaean who most directly resisted him during the day's retreat."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴσομαι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπώσεται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b8-l533","source":"πὰρ νηῶν πρὸς τεῖχος ἀπώσεται, ἤ κεν ἐγὼ τὸν","translation":"will drive me from the ships toward the wall, or whether I","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἀπώσεται","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἤ","gloss":"drive away"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρωμαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρωμαι","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b8-l534","source":"χαλκῷ δῃώσας ἔναρα βροτόεντα φέρωμαι.","translation":"shall cut him down with bronze and carry off his bloodied spoils.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δῃώσας","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"δῃώσας","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρωμαι","gloss":"cut down"},{"surface":"ἔναρα","lemma":"ἔναρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρωμαι","gloss":"spoils"},{"surface":"βροτόεντα","lemma":"βροτόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔναρα","gloss":"blood-stained"},{"surface":"φέρωμαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ἤ","gloss":"carry off"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b8-l535","source":"αὔριον ἣν ἀρετὴν διαείσεται, εἴ κʼ ἐμὸν ἔγχος","translation":"Tomorrow he shall learn his own valor, if he stands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔριον","lemma":"αὔριον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαείσεται","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετὴν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἀρετὴν","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διαείσεται","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"διαείσεται","lemma":"διαείδω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall learn"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μείνῃ","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b8-l536","source":"μείνῃ ἐπερχόμενον· ἀλλʼ ἐν πρώτοισιν ὀΐω","translation":"against my oncoming spear; but among the foremost, I think,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μείνῃ","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"ἐπερχόμενον","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"oncoming"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρώτοισιν","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"the foremost"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b8-l537","source":"κείσεται οὐτηθείς, πολέες δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι","translation":"he will lie wounded, with many comrades around him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείσεται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will lie"},{"surface":"οὐτηθείς","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κείσεται","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b8-l538","source":"ἠελίου ἀνιόντος ἐς αὔριον· εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν ὣς","translation":"at tomorrow's sunrise. If only I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠελίου","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνιόντος","gloss":"of the sun"},{"surface":"ἀνιόντος","lemma":"ἄνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"αὔριον","lemma":"αὔριον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"so"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b8-l539","source":"εἴην ἀθάνατος καὶ ἀγήρως ἤματα πάντα,","translation":"were immortal and ageless all my days,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατος","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγήρως","lemma":"ἀγήραος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unaging"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εἴην","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b8-l540","source":"τιοίμην δʼ ὡς τίετʼ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"and honored as Athena and Apollo are honored,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τιοίμην","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might be honored"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίετ̓","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τίετ","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τιοίμην","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b8-l541","source":"ὡς νῦν ἡμέρη ἥδε κακὸν φέρει Ἀργείοισιν.","translation":"as surely as this day now brings evil to the Argives.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἡμέρη","lemma":"ἡμέρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φέρει","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἡμέρη","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"φέρει","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"the Argives"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b8-l542","source":"ὣς Ἕκτωρ ἀγόρευʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ Τρῶες κελάδησαν.","translation":"So Hector spoke, and the Trojans shouted aloud.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρεὐ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγόρεὐ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευ","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κελάδησαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"κελάδησαν","lemma":"κελαδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b8-l543","source":"οἳ δʼ ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ ἱδρώοντας,","translation":"They loosed the sweating horses from beneath the yoke,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λῦσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λῦσαν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"λῦσαν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ζυγοῦ","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἱδρώοντας","lemma":"ἱδρόω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sweating"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b8-l544","source":"δῆσαν δʼ ἱμάντεσσι παρʼ ἅρμασιν οἷσιν ἕκαστος·","translation":"and each man tethered his team with straps beside his chariot;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῆσαν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tethered"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱμάντεσσι","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δῆσαν","gloss":"straps"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἅρμασιν","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμασιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b8-l545","source":"ἐκ πόλιος δʼ ἄξοντο βόας καὶ ἴφια μῆλα","translation":"they brought cattle and sturdy sheep out from the city","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄξοντο","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"βόας","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴφια","lemma":"ἴφιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b8-l546","source":"καρπαλίμως, οἶνον δὲ μελίφρονα οἰνίζοντο,","translation":"with all speed, and fetched honey-hearted wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄξοντο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μελίφρονα","lemma":"μελίφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"οἰνίζοντο","lemma":"οἰνίζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fetched"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b8-l547","source":"σῖτόν τʼ ἐκ μεγάρων, ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγοντο.","translation":"and grain from the halls, and gathered heaps of wood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῖτόν","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μεγάρων","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξύλα","lemma":"ξύλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λέγοντο","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξύλα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"λέγοντο","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b8-l548","source":"ἔρδον δ’ ἀθανάτοισι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας","translation":"They offered perfect hecatombs to the immortals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρδον","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were offering","note":"Unaugmented imperfect (Homeric); subject (the Trojans) is understood from the wider context."},{"surface":"δ’","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔρδον","gloss":"to the immortals","note":"Epic dative plural in -οισι; used substantivally, 'the immortal ones' = the gods."},{"surface":"τεληέσσας","lemma":"τελήεις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβας","gloss":"perfect"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβας","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρδον","gloss":"hecatombs"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b8-l549","source":"κνίσην δʼ ἐκ πεδίου ἄνεμοι φέρον οὐρανὸν εἴσω.","translation":"and winds carried the savor from the plain toward heaven,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνίσην","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"the savor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πεδίου","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"ἄνεμοι","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b8-l550","source":"ἡδεῖαν· τῆς δ’ οὔ τι θεοὶ μάκαρες δατέοντο,","translation":"sweet savor; but the blessed gods took no share of it","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδεῖαν","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"sweet","note":"Continues a description of the sacrificial savor (κνίση) named in the preceding, unquoted verse; no head noun appears in this segment."},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δατέοντο","gloss":"of it","note":"Homeric ὁ/ἡ/τό used as an anaphoric demonstrative pronoun (not the definite article), referring back to the savor; partitive genitive with δατέοντο, 'partake of'."},{"surface":"δ’","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δατέοντο","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δατέοντο","gloss":"at all","note":"οὔ τι is a fixed idiom, 'not at all'; τι is an adverbial accusative, not a direct object."},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δατέοντο","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"μάκαρες","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"δατέοντο","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took a share of","note":"Unaugmented imperfect (Homeric)."}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b8-l551","source":"οὐδ’ ἔθελον· μάλα γάρ σφιν ἀπήχθετο Ἴλιος ἱρή,","translation":"and had no wish to, for sacred Ilion was deeply hateful to them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδ’","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἔθελον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were willing","note":"Subject (the blessed gods) carried over from the previous clause."},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπήχθετο","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπήχθετο","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἀπήχθετο","lemma":"ἀπέχθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was hateful","note":"ἀπέχθομαι, 'to be an object of hatred', regularly takes a dative of the person to whom something is hateful (σφιν)."},{"surface":"Ἴλιος","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπήχθετο","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρή","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιος","gloss":"sacred","note":"Epic/Ionic contracted (shortened) form of ἱερή, not the reverse — the fuller, standard form is ἱερός/ἱερή."}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b8-l552","source":"καὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς ἐϋμμελίω Πριάμοιο","translation":"and Priam, and the people of Priam of the strong ash spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπήχθετο","gloss":"Priam","note":"Coordinated with Ἴλιος as a further subject of ἀπήχθετο (Book 8, line 551)."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαὸς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπήχθετο","gloss":"the people","note":"Coordinated with Πρίαμος and Ἴλιος as a further subject of ἀπήχθετο."},{"surface":"ἐϋμμελίω","lemma":"ἐϋμμελίης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"of the strong ash spear","note":"Standing epic epithet of Priam, 'armed with the good ashen spear'."},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies λαὸς","gloss":"of Priam","note":"Epic genitive singular ending -οιο (= Attic -ου)."}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b8-l553","source":"οἳ δὲ μέγα φρονέοντες ἐπὶ πτολέμοιο γεφύρας","translation":"High-hearted, they sat upon the causeways of battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴατο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέοντες","gloss":"proudly"},{"surface":"φρονέοντες","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴατο","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γεφύρας","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"γεφύρας","lemma":"γέφυρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"causeways"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b8-l554","source":"εἴατο παννύχιοι, πυρὰ δέ σφισι καίετο πολλά.","translation":"all night long, and many fires burned among them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴατο","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"παννύχιοι","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"πυρὰ","lemma":"πυρά","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καίετο","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καίετο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"καίετο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b8-l555","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἐν οὐρανῷ ἄστρα φαεινὴν ἀμφὶ σελήνην","translation":"As when in heaven the stars about the shining moon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οὐρανῷ","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἄστρα","lemma":"ἄστρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of φαίνετ̓","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"φαεινὴν","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σελήνην","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"σελήνην","lemma":"σελήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"moon"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b8-l556","source":"φαίνετʼ ἀριπρεπέα, ὅτε τʼ ἔπλετο νήνεμος αἰθήρ·","translation":"shine forth clear, when the upper air is windless,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φαίνετ","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shine forth"},{"surface":"ἀριπρεπέα","lemma":"ἀριπρεπής","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"νήνεμος","lemma":"νήνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"windless"},{"surface":"αἰθήρ","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b8-l557","source":"ἔκ τʼ ἔφανεν πᾶσαι σκοπιαὶ καὶ πρώονες ἄκροι","translation":"and all the lookout peaks and high headlands stand revealed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"forth"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφανεν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"were revealed"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σκοπιαὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"σκοπιαὶ","lemma":"σκοπιά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"lookout peaks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρώονες","lemma":"πρών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"headlands"},{"surface":"ἄκροι","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πρώονες","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b8-l558","source":"καὶ νάπαι· οὐρανόθεν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπερράγη ἄσπετος αἰθήρ,","translation":"and the valleys, and boundless upper air breaks open from heaven,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νάπαι","lemma":"νάπη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"valleys"},{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπερράγη","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπερράγη","lemma":"ὑπορρήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"broke open"},{"surface":"ἄσπετος","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰθήρ","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"αἰθήρ","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπερράγη","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b8-l559","source":"πάντα δὲ εἴδεται ἄστρα, γέγηθε δέ τε φρένα ποιμήν·","translation":"and all the stars are seen, and the shepherd's heart rejoices,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστρα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴδεται","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"are seen"},{"surface":"ἄστρα","lemma":"ἄστρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of εἴδεται","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"γέγηθε","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rejoices"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γέγηθε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ποιμήν","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γέγηθε","gloss":"shepherd"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b8-l560","source":"τόσσα μεσηγὺ νεῶν ἠδὲ Ξάνθοιο ῥοάων","translation":"so many fires, between the ships and the streams of Xanthus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"μεσηγὺ","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ξάνθοιο","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥοάων","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"ῥοάων","lemma":"ῥόα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b8-l561","source":"Τρώων καιόντων πυρὰ φαίνετο Ἰλιόθι πρό.","translation":"shone before Ilion where the Trojans burned them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"subject of καιόντων","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καιόντων","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φαίνετο","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"πυρὰ","lemma":"πυρά","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of φαίνετο","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shone"},{"surface":"Ἰλιόθι","lemma":"Ἰλιόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρό","gloss":"at Ilion"},{"surface":"πρό","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b8-l562","source":"χίλιʼ ἄρʼ ἐν πεδίῳ πυρὰ καίετο, πὰρ δὲ ἑκάστῳ","translation":"A thousand fires were burning on the plain, and beside each","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χίλι","lemma":"χίλιοι","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὰ","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"πυρὰ","lemma":"πυρά","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καίετο","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"καίετο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were burning"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b8-l563","source":"εἴατο πεντήκοντα σέλᾳ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο.","translation":"sat fifty men in the blaze of the burning fire.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴατο","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject of εἴατο","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"σέλᾳ","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εἴατο","gloss":"blaze"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies σέλᾳ","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"αἰθομένοιο","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies πυρὸς","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b8-l564","source":"ἵπποι δὲ κρῖ λευκὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι καὶ ὀλύρας","translation":"And the horses, munching white barley and spelt,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μίμνον","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρῖ","lemma":"κρῖ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"barley"},{"surface":"λευκὸν","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρῖ","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ἐρεπτόμενοι","lemma":"ἐρέπτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μίμνον","gloss":"cropping"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλύρας","lemma":"ὄλυρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spelt"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b8-l565","source":"ἑσταότες παρʼ ὄχεσφιν ἐΰθρονον Ἠῶ μίμνον.","translation":"stood beside the chariots and waited for fair-throned Dawn.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b8-l565.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐΰθρονον Ἠῶ","title":"Fair-throned Dawn","body":"Dawn closes the book with the distinct epithet fair-throned. The horses wait ready beside the chariots, so the final image holds the army poised for the next day's battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότες","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μίμνον","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφιν","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"ἐΰθρονον","lemma":"εὔθρονος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠῶ","gloss":"fair-throned"},{"surface":"Ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"object of μίμνον","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"μίμνον","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waited"}]}]}