{"work":{"slug":"karamazov","title":{"source":"Братья Карамазовы","translated":"The Brothers Karamazov"},"author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","language":"Russian","languageCode":"ru","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/karamazov"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"b8-c3","title":{"source":"III. Золотые прииски","translated":"Gold Mines"},"section":"Book VIII — Mitya","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/karamazov/b8-c3","lines":155},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/karamazov/b8-c2","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/karamazov/b8-c4","license":"Source text: public domain (Fyodor Dostoevsky, d. 1881; Russian from the Nauka academic edition via ru.wikisource). English translation: original, © 1732 Studios (2026); rendered freshly from the public-domain Russian, not derived from any prior English translation. Sentence-aligned by 1732 Studios.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b8-c3-s1","source":"Это было именно то посещение Мити, про которое Грушенька с таким страхом рассказывала Ракитину.","translation":"This was precisely the visit of Mitya's that Grushenka had described to Rakitin with such dread.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"то посещение Мити, про которое","title":"Correlative «то… которое»","body":"The demonstrative «то» (that) sets up the relative clause «про которое…» — a correlative pairing that English smooths into 'precisely the visit… that'. «который» here takes its case (accusative after «про») from its role in its own clause, while «посещение» is the antecedent it points back to."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"посещение Мити","title":"Genitive of the visiting subject","body":"«Мити» is the genitive of «Митя»: 'the visit OF Mitya'. Note that «Митя», though a masculine name, declines like a feminine noun in -я (Митя, Мити, Мите…) — the soft first-declension pattern that affectionate male diminutives follow."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Митя","title":"«Митя» — Dmitri's intimate name","body":"«Митя» is the warm diminutive of Дмитрий, the eldest Karamazov brother (formally Дмитрий Фёдорович). The narrator's free use of it here pulls us close to him; the same man is «Дмитрий Фёдорович» in more distanced or formal passages."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of было","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, neuter, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking Это to посещение","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies посещение","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"посещение","lemma":"посещение","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of было","gloss":"visit"},{"surface":"Мити","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies посещение","gloss":"Mitya's"},{"surface":"про","lemma":"про","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking которое","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"которое","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of рассказывала","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Грушенька","lemma":"Грушенька","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of рассказывала","gloss":"Grushenka"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking страхом","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"таким","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of страхом","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"страхом","lemma":"страх","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of рассказывала","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"рассказывала","lemma":"рассказывать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying посещение","gloss":"had described"},{"surface":"Ракитину","lemma":"Ракитин","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of рассказывала","gloss":"to Rakitin"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b8-c3-s2","source":"Она тогда ожидала своей «эстафеты» и очень рада была, что Митя ни вчера, ни сегодня не приходил, надеялась, что авось бог даст не придет до ее отъезда, а он вдруг и нагрянул.","translation":"She was awaiting her \"courier\" at the time and was very glad that Mitya had come neither yesterday nor today, hoping that, God willing, he would not turn up before her departure — and then all at once he had descended upon her.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"«эстафеты»","title":"«эстафета» — the awaited courier","body":"Literally a relay or dispatch-rider, «эстафета» here is Grushenka's coded word for the expected message (and the means of her flight) from her former Polish lover. The guillemets mark it as her own euphemism, a private signal smuggled into the narration."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"ни вчера, ни сегодня не приходил","title":"Double «ни… ни… не» concord","body":"Russian requires negative concord: the repeated «ни… ни…» ('neither… nor…') still demands the negated verb «не приходил». The imperfective past «приходил» (from prefixed «приходить») states the plain fact that on neither day did the act of coming take place."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"авось бог даст","title":"«авось» and «бог даст»","body":"«авось» is the untranslatable particle of hopeful Russian fatalism — 'maybe, with luck, somehow it'll work out'. Paired with the formulaic «бог даст» ('God grant / God willing'), it captures Grushenka's wishful, half-superstitious hoping that Mitya would stay away."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"нагрянул","title":"«нагрянуть» — to descend on suddenly","body":"«нагрянуть» is a vivid perfective verb meaning to swoop down, turn up unexpectedly and unwelcomely (often of guests or trouble). Coupled with «вдруг и» ('and all at once'), it lands the sentence on Mitya's abrupt, unwanted arrival."}],"words":[{"surface":"Она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ожидала","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ожидала","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ожидала","lemma":"ожидать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was awaiting"},{"surface":"своей","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of эстафеты","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"эстафеты","lemma":"эстафета","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ожидала","gloss":"courier","note":"Colloquial use of “эстафета” (lit. “relay”) for a courier or message passed between them, not a relay race."},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"очень","lemma":"очень","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies рада","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"рада","lemma":"рад","morphology":"adjective, short form, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ожидала","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to рада","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of приходил","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of приходил","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вчера","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies приходил","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"correlative with the first ни","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"сегодня","lemma":"сегодня","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies приходил","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies приходил","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"приходил","lemma":"приходить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of рада","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"надеялась","lemma":"надеяться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with ожидала","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of придет","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"авось","lemma":"авось","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies придет","gloss":"hopefully","note":"“Авось” is an untranslatable Russian particle expressing hopeful uncertainty, close to “God willing”."},{"surface":"бог","lemma":"бог","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of даст","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"даст","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"parenthetical, reinforces авось","gloss":"willing","note":"“Бог даст” (“God will give/grant”) is a fixed idiom meaning “God willing”."},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies придет","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"придет","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of надеялась","gloss":"would turn up"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking отъезда","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of отъезда","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"отъезда","lemma":"отъезд","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of придет","gloss":"departure"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of нагрянул","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies нагрянул","gloss":"all at once"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies нагрянул","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"нагрянул","lemma":"нагрянуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with надеялась","gloss":"had descended"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b8-c3-s3","source":"Дальнейшее нам известно: чтобы сбыть его с рук, она мигом уговорила его проводить ее к Кузьме Самсонову, куда будто бы ей ужасно надо было идти «деньги считать», и когда Митя ее тотчас же проводил, то, прощаясь с ним у ворот Кузьмы, взяла с него обещание прийти за нею в двенадцатом часу, чтобы проводить ее обратно домой.","translation":"The rest we know: to get him off her hands, she instantly talked him into escorting her to Kuzma Samsonov, where she supposedly had a most urgent need to go and \"count money\", and once Mitya had seen her there without delay, she, taking leave of him at Kuzma's gate, exacted from him a promise to come back for her toward twelve o'clock and walk her home again.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"чтобы сбыть его с рук","title":"Purpose «чтобы» + infinitive","body":"«чтобы» introduces purpose ('in order to'); when the subject is the same as the main clause it takes a bare infinitive rather than a past-form verb — here «сбыть» (to get rid of). The phrase «сбыть с рук» is idiomatic: 'to get off one's hands'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"уговорила его проводить","title":"Perfective «уговорила» of a single success","body":"«уговорила» (perfective of «уговаривать/уговорить», to talk someone round) reports the completed result — she succeeded in persuading him. The perfective here moves the narrative forward one decisive event, against the imperfective background of her anxiety."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"мигом","title":"«мигом» — in a flash","body":"An adverb frozen from the instrumental of «миг» ('an instant'), «мигом» means 'in a trice, instantly'. Such bare-instrumental adverbs of manner (мигом, шагом, бегом) are a compact, colloquial flavor Dostoevsky favors."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"прощаясь с ним у ворот","title":"Imperfective gerund «прощаясь»","body":"«прощаясь» is a деепричастие (adverbial participle) in -ясь from the reflexive «прощаться» — 'while taking leave'. It names an action simultaneous with the main verb «взяла» and shares its subject (she), a hallmark of literary narration."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"взяла с него обещание","title":"«взять с кого-то» — to exact from","body":"«взять обещание с него» idiomatically means 'to extract a promise FROM him', where «с» + genitive («с него») marks the person it is wrung out of. The preposition «с» governs the genitive in this 'off / from' sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Дальнейшее","lemma":"дальнейший","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of известно","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"нам","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of известно","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"известно","lemma":"известный","morphology":"adjective, short form, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"is known"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of сбыть","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"сбыть","lemma":"сбыть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on уговорила","gloss":"get off"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of сбыть","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking рук","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"рук","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of сбыть","gloss":"her hands","note":"“Сбыть с рук” is an idiom meaning “to get someone off one's hands”."},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of уговорила","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"мигом","lemma":"миг","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies уговорила","gloss":"instantly"},{"surface":"уговорила","lemma":"уговорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of известно","gloss":"talked into"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of уговорила","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"проводить","lemma":"проводить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of уговорила","gloss":"to escort"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of проводить","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Кузьме","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Кузьме","lemma":"кузьма","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of проводить","gloss":"Kuzma"},{"surface":"Самсонову","lemma":"самсонов","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Кузьме","gloss":"Samsonov"},{"surface":"куда","lemma":"куда","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative clause on Самсонову","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"будто","lemma":"будто","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"supposedly"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle","role":"reinforces будто","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"ей","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of надо","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ужасно","lemma":"ужасно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"urgently"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to надо","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"идти","lemma":"идти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of считать","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"считать","lemma":"считать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of идти","gloss":"count"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of проводил","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of проводил","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of проводил","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"тотчас","lemma":"тотчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies проводил","gloss":"right away"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes тотчас","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"проводил","lemma":"проводить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on взяла","gloss":"had escorted"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of взяла","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"прощаясь","lemma":"прощаться","morphology":"verb, present, middle, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on взяла","gloss":"taking leave"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ним","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ним","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прощаясь","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ворот","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ворот","lemma":"ворота","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"oblique complement of прощаясь","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"Кузьмы","lemma":"кузьма","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ворот","gloss":"Kuzma's"},{"surface":"взяла","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with уговорила","gloss":"exacted"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking него","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"него","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of взяла","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"обещание","lemma":"обещание","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of взяла","gloss":"promise"},{"surface":"прийти","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"modifies обещание","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нею","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"нею","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прийти","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking часу","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"двенадцатом","lemma":"двенадцатый","morphology":"adjective, locative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies часу","gloss":"twelfth"},{"surface":"часу","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прийти","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of проводить","gloss":"so as to"},{"surface":"проводить","lemma":"проводить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on прийти","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of проводить","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"обратно","lemma":"обратно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies проводить","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"домой","lemma":"домой","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies проводить","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b8-c3-s4","source":"Митя этому распоряжению тоже был рад: «Просидит у Кузьмы, значит, не пойдет к Федору Павловичу… если только не лжет», — прибавил он тотчас же.","translation":"Mitya was glad of this arrangement too: \"If she sits at Kuzma's, then she won't go to Fyodor Pavlovich… so long as she isn't lying\", he added at once.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"этому распоряжению… был рад","title":"«рад» + dative","body":"The short adjective «рад» ('glad') governs the dative of what one is glad about: «этому распоряжению» ('glad of this arrangement'). Short-form «рад» exists only as a predicate and cannot stand before a noun."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Просидит у Кузьмы, значит, не пойдет","title":"Perfective futures «просидит… не пойдёт»","body":"Both verbs are perfective presents read as simple futures: «просидит» (will sit out [the whole time]) and «не пойдёт» (won't go). With no auxiliary, the future sits in the ending — Mitya is reasoning forward about her movements."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"если только не лжет","title":"Conditional «если только» with present «лжёт»","body":"«если только» ('so long as / provided that') hedges his hope; «не лжёт» is the imperfective present of «лгать» (to lie), here a real present condition, not a hypothetical — so no «бы». «лгать» conjugates with a stem change (лгу, лжёшь, лжёт)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of рад","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"этому","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of распоряжению","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"распоряжению","lemma":"распоряжение","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"indirect object of рад","gloss":"arrangement"},{"surface":"тоже","lemma":"тоже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies рад","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"был","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to рад","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"рад","lemma":"рад","morphology":"adjective, short form, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"Просидит","lemma":"просидеть","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"conditional clause, antecedent of пойдет","gloss":"if she stays"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Кузьмы","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Кузьмы","lemma":"кузьма","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Просидит","gloss":"Kuzma's"},{"surface":"значит","lemma":"значит","morphology":"discourse particle","role":"discourse marker linking the clauses","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies пойдет","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"пойдет","lemma":"пойти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with Просидит","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Федору","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Федору","lemma":"фёдор","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of пойдет","gloss":"Fyodor"},{"surface":"Павловичу","lemma":"павлович","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Федору","gloss":"Pavlovich"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of лжет","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies лжет","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies лжет","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"лжет","lemma":"лгать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"conditional clause qualifying the whole statement","gloss":"is lying"},{"surface":"прибавил","lemma":"прибавить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he added"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of прибавил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"тотчас","lemma":"тотчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прибавил","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes тотчас","gloss":"(emphatic)"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b8-c3-s5","source":"Но на его глаз, кажется, не лгала.","translation":"But to his eye, it seemed, she was not lying.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"на его глаз","title":"«на его глаз» — to his eye","body":"«на» + accusative here forms an idiom of judgment, 'to his eye / by his reckoning' (singular «глаз»). The framing keeps the verdict subjective — it only seemed so to Mitya."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"кажется","title":"Parenthetical «кажется»","body":"Set off by commas, «кажется» ('it seems') works as an impersonal evidential aside, qualifying the whole clause. Such inserted hedges color the narrator's voice with tentativeness."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking глаз","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of глаз","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"глаз","lemma":"глаз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of лгала","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"кажется","lemma":"казаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause","gloss":"it seemed"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies лгала","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"лгала","lemma":"лгать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was lying"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b8-c3-s6","source":"Он был именно такого свойства ревнивец, что в разлуке с любимою женщиной тотчас же навыдумывал бог знает каких ужасов о том, что с нею делается и как она ему там «изменяет», но, прибежав к ней опять, потрясенный, убитый, уверенный уже безвозвратно, что она успела-таки ему изменить, с первого же взгляда на ее лицо, на смеющееся, веселое и ласковое лицо этой женщины, — тотчас же возрождался духом, тотчас же терял всякое подозрение и с радостным стыдом бранил себя сам за ревность.","translation":"He was precisely the kind of jealous man who, parted from the woman he loved, would at once conjure up God knows what horrors about what was happening to her and how she was \"betraying\" him there, yet, running back to her again — shaken, crushed, by now irrevocably certain that she had indeed managed to betray him — at the very first glance at her face, at the laughing, gay, affectionate face of this woman, would instantly revive in spirit, instantly lose all suspicion, and with joyful shame upbraid himself for his jealousy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"такого свойства ревнивец, что","title":"«такого… что» result construction","body":"«такого свойства… что» ('of such a nature… that') sets up a result clause. «такого свойства» is a descriptive genitive ('of such a quality'), a bookish way of pinning down the kind of jealous man this is."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"в разлуке с любимою женщиной","title":"Archaic instrumental «-ою»","body":"«любимою женщиной» uses the older bookish instrumental ending «-ою» (vs. modern «-ой») on the adjective, governed by «с» ('with'). «любимою» is the present passive participle of «любить» (suffix -им-), here lexicalized/used adjectivally — 'the beloved woman'. The «-ою» form is a period-elevated flavor throughout Dostoevsky."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"навыдумывал","title":"«навыдумывать» — to conjure up heaps of","body":"The prefix «на-» on «выдумать» (to invent) adds a sense of doing a great quantity — 'to dream up a whole pile of'. Coupled with «бог знает каких ужасов» ('God knows what horrors'), it paints the jealous imagination running riot."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"прибежав к ней опять, потрясенный, убитый","title":"Gerund + participial chain","body":"The perfective past gerund «прибежав» ('having run back') frames a prior action, then a string of past passive participles «потрясённый, убитый, уверенный» ('shaken, crushed, certain') stack as predicate adjectives describing his state. Such dense gerund-and-participle chains are quintessential 19th-century literary syntax."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"успела-таки ему изменить","title":"Particle «-таки» of grudging confirmation","body":"The clitic «-таки» ('after all, in spite of everything') attaches to «успела» to confirm a feared outcome: she did, in the end, manage it. «успеть» + infinitive means 'to manage to', and «изменить» + dative («ему») is 'to betray / be unfaithful to him'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"возрождался… терял… бранил","title":"Imperfective past of the habitual","body":"The string of imperfective pasts «возрождался, терял, бранил» ('would revive, would lose, would upbraid') describes not one event but his recurring pattern — the 'would' of habit. The reflexive «бранил себя сам» uses the full reflexive pronoun «себя» plus intensifier «сам» ('himself, of his own accord')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of был","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"был","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to ревнивец","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies такого","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"такого","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of свойства","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"свойства","lemma":"свойство","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ревнивец","gloss":"a kind"},{"surface":"ревнивец","lemma":"ревнивец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"jealous man"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of навыдумывал","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking разлуке","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"разлуке","lemma":"разлука","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of навыдумывал","gloss":"separation"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking женщиной","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"любимою","lemma":"любимый","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies женщиной","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"женщиной","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies разлуке","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"тотчас","lemma":"тотчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies навыдумывал","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes тотчас","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"навыдумывал","lemma":"навыдумывать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of ревнивец","gloss":"would conjure up"},{"surface":"бог","lemma":"бог","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of знает","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"знает","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical modifying ужасов","gloss":"knows","note":"“Бог знает какой” is a fixed idiom meaning “goodness knows what kind of”."},{"surface":"каких","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of ужасов","gloss":"what kind of"},{"surface":"ужасов","lemma":"ужас","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of навыдумывал","gloss":"horrors"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking том","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"том","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of навыдумывал","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of делается","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нею","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"нею","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of делается","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"делается","lemma":"делаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"clause modifying том","gloss":"is happening"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of изменяет","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of изменяет","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of изменяет","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"там","lemma":"там","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies изменяет","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"изменяет","lemma":"изменять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with делается","gloss":"is betraying"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"прибежав","lemma":"прибежать","morphology":"verb, past, active, converb, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on возрождался","gloss":"running back"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прибежав","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прибежав","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"потрясенный","lemma":"потрясённый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"describes Он (subject of возрождался)","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"убитый","lemma":"убитый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with потрясенный","gloss":"crushed"},{"surface":"уверенный","lemma":"уверенный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with потрясенный","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies безвозвратно","gloss":"by now"},{"surface":"безвозвратно","lemma":"безвозвратно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies уверенный","gloss":"irrevocably"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of успела","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of успела","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"успела","lemma":"успеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of уверенный","gloss":"had managed"},{"surface":"таки","lemma":"таки","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies успела","gloss":"indeed","note":"Emphatic particle reinforcing that she really did manage to betray him."},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of изменить","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"изменить","lemma":"изменить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of успела","gloss":"to betray"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking взгляда","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"первого","lemma":"первый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies взгляда","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes первого","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"взгляда","lemma":"взгляд","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of возрождался","gloss":"glance"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking лицо","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of лицо","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"лицо","lemma":"лицо","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies взгляда","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking смеющееся лицо","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"смеющееся","lemma":"смеяться","morphology":"verb, present, active, participle, neuter, singular, accusative, imperfective","role":"modifies лицо (w60)","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"веселое","lemma":"весёлый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with смеющееся","gloss":"gay"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ласковое","lemma":"ласковый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with смеющееся","gloss":"affectionate"},{"surface":"лицо","lemma":"лицо","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to лицо (w54)","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of женщины","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"женщины","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies лицо (w60)","gloss":"woman's"},{"surface":"тотчас","lemma":"тотчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies возрождался","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes тотчас","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"возрождался","lemma":"возрождаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the contrastive clause, coordinated with терял","gloss":"would revive"},{"surface":"духом","lemma":"дух","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of возрождался","gloss":"in spirit"},{"surface":"тотчас","lemma":"тотчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies терял","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes тотчас","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"терял","lemma":"терять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with возрождался","gloss":"would lose"},{"surface":"всякое","lemma":"всякий","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of подозрение","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"подозрение","lemma":"подозрение","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of терял","gloss":"suspicion"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стыдом","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"радостным","lemma":"радостный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies стыдом","gloss":"joyful"},{"surface":"стыдом","lemma":"стыд","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of бранил","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"бранил","lemma":"бранить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with возрождался","gloss":"would upbraid"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of бранил","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"сам","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"emphasizes он (subject of бранил), not себя","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ревность","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ревность","lemma":"ревность","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of бранил","gloss":"jealousy"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b8-c3-s7","source":"Проводив Грушеньку, он бросился к себе домой.","translation":"Having seen Grushenka off, he hurried home.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Проводив Грушеньку","title":"Perfective gerund «проводив»","body":"«проводив» is the perfective past gerund of «проводить» ('to see off / escort') — 'having seen Grushenka off'. It marks a completed action prior to the main verb «бросился» and shares its subject, neatly stitching one event to the next."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"бросился к себе домой","title":"Reflexive «бросился» + «к себе»","body":"«бросился» (perfective reflexive of «броситься», to fling oneself / dash) takes «к себе домой» — 'to his own place'. The reflexive «себе» refers back to the subject; «к» governs the dative, here in the directional sense 'toward / to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Проводив","lemma":"проводить","morphology":"verb, past, active, converb, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on бросился","gloss":"having seen off"},{"surface":"Грушеньку","lemma":"грушенька","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Проводив","gloss":"Grushenka"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of бросился","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"бросился","lemma":"броситься","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking себе","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"oblique complement of бросился","gloss":"his place"},{"surface":"домой","lemma":"домой","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies бросился","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b8-c3-s8","source":"О, ему столько еще надо было успеть сегодня сделать!","translation":"Oh, there was still so much he had to manage to do that day!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ему столько еще надо было успеть сделать","title":"Dative-subject «ему надо было»","body":"A classic impersonal construction: no nominative subject, the experiencer «ему» in the dative, and the invariable predicative «надо» ('it is necessary') with past «было». 'There was so much HE had to manage to do' — the dative-of-necessity pattern that pervades Dostoevsky's inner monologue."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection opening the sentence","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of надо","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"столько","lemma":"столько","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"was necessary"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to надо","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"успеть","lemma":"успеть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"manage"},{"surface":"сегодня","lemma":"сегодня","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сделать","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"сделать","lemma":"сделать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of успеть","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b8-c3-s9","source":"Но по крайней мере от сердца отлегло.","translation":"But at least his heart felt lighter.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"от сердца отлегло","title":"«отлегло от сердца» — a weight lifted","body":"An impersonal idiom: «отлегло от сердца» literally 'it eased off from the heart', i.e. a burden lifted, one felt relief. The verb «отлегло» is neuter and subjectless, with the felt heart marked by «от» + genitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the fixed phrase по крайней мере","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"крайней","lemma":"крайний","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"part of the fixed phrase по крайней мере","gloss":"least","note":"“По крайней мере” is a fixed idiom meaning “at least”."},{"surface":"мере","lemma":"мера","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"part of the fixed phrase по крайней мере","gloss":"least"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking сердца","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"сердца","lemma":"сердце","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of отлегло","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"отлегло","lemma":"отлечь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew lighter","note":"Impersonal idiom “отлечь от сердца” = to feel a weight lift, to feel relieved."}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b8-c3-s10","source":"«Вот только надо бы поскорее узнать от Смердякова, не было ли чего там вчера вечером, не приходила ли она, чего доброго, к Федору Павловичу, ух!» — пронеслось в его голове.","translation":"\"Only I'd better find out as soon as I can from Smerdyakov whether anything happened there last night, whether she didn't go, heaven forbid, to Fyodor Pavlovich — ugh!\" flashed through his head.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"надо бы поскорее узнать","title":"Softened «надо бы» with «бы»","body":"Adding the particle «бы» to «надо» turns blunt necessity into a softened 'I really ought to / I'd better'. «бы» is the irrealis particle; here it lends Mitya's resolve a tentative, advisory tone. «поскорее» is the comparative 'as soon as possible'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не было ли чего… не приходила ли она","title":"Indirect «ли» — whether","body":"The enclitic «ли» builds embedded yes/no questions: «не было ли чего» (whether anything happened), «не приходила ли она» (whether she came). The focused word is fronted and followed by «ли» — more bookish than mere intonation, and frequent in Dostoevsky."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"чего доброго","title":"«чего доброго» — heaven forbid / for all I know","body":"A fixed parenthetical, «чего доброго» (literally 'of what good') means 'who knows but that…, like as not, heaven forbid' — flagging an unwelcome possibility the speaker half-dreads. It punctuates Mitya's anxious supposition that she might have gone to Fyodor Pavlovich."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies только","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"softens надо","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"поскорее","lemma":"поскорее","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies узнать","gloss":"as soon as possible"},{"surface":"узнать","lemma":"узнать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"find out"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Смердякова","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Смердякова","lemma":"смердяков","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of узнать","gloss":"Smerdyakov"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies было","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"verb of the embedded question, coordinated with приходила","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"marks было as a question","gloss":"(question particle)"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"subject of было (genitive under negation)","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"там","lemma":"там","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies было","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies было","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"вечером","lemma":"вечер","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вчера","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies приходила","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"приходила","lemma":"приходить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with было","gloss":"had gone"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"marks приходила as a question","gloss":"(question particle)"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of приходила","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"part of the idiom чего доброго, modifies приходила","gloss":"heaven forbid","note":"“Чего доброго” is a fixed idiom meaning “for all one knows, heaven forbid”."},{"surface":"доброго","lemma":"добрый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"part of the idiom чего доброго","gloss":"forbid"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Федору","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Федору","lemma":"фёдор","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of приходила","gloss":"Fyodor"},{"surface":"Павловичу","lemma":"павлович","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Федору","gloss":"Pavlovich"},{"surface":"ух","lemma":"ух","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection","gloss":"ugh"},{"surface":"пронеслось","lemma":"пронестись","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flashed"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking голове","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of голове","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"голове","lemma":"голова","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of пронеслось","gloss":"head"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b8-c3-s11","source":"Так что не успел он еще добежать к себе на квартиру, как ревность уже опять закопошилась в неугомонном сердце его.","translation":"So that he had not even managed to reach his lodging before jealousy was already stirring again in his restless heart.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не успел он… добежать… как ревность уже опять закопошилась","title":"«не успел… как…» — no sooner than","body":"The «не успел … как …» frame means 'he had hardly … when …' — barely had he done X before Y happened. «закопошилась» is an ingressive perfective ('began to stir/swarm') with the prefix «за-» marking the onset of the action."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"в неугомонном сердце его","title":"Postposed «его» for weight","body":"Word order places the possessive «его» AFTER its noun phrase — «в сердце его» rather than «в его сердце» — a bookish inversion that gives the phrase rhetorical gravity. «неугомонном» ('restless, never-quiet') agrees in prepositional case with «сердце»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the fixed phrase так что","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the fixed phrase так что, introduces the clause of успел","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies успел","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"успел","lemma":"успеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had managed"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of успел","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies успел","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"добежать","lemma":"добежать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of успел","gloss":"reach"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking себе","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"oblique complement of добежать","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking квартиру","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"квартиру","lemma":"квартира","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of добежать","gloss":"lodging"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of закопошилась","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ревность","lemma":"ревность","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of закопошилась","gloss":"jealousy"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies опять","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies закопошилась","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"закопошилась","lemma":"закопошиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the как-clause","gloss":"was stirring"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking сердце","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"неугомонном","lemma":"неугомонный","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies сердце","gloss":"restless"},{"surface":"сердце","lemma":"сердце","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of закопошилась","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of сердце","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b8-c3-s12","source":"Ревность!","translation":"Jealousy!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ревность","lemma":"ревность","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Jealousy"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b8-c3-s13","source":"«Отелло не ревнив, он доверчив», — заметил Пушкин, и уже одно это замечание свидетельствует о необычайной глубине ума нашего великого поэта.","translation":"\"Othello is not jealous, he is trustful\", Pushkin observed, and this remark alone bears witness to the extraordinary depth of mind in our great poet.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не ревнив, он доверчив","title":"Short adjectives «ревнив… доверчив»","body":"Both predicates are short-form adjectives: «ревнив» ('jealous') and «доверчив» ('trustful'). The short form is bookish and purely predicative, asserting a defining quality of the subject — the very distinction the passage turns on."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"нашего великого поэта","title":"«наш великий поэт» — our great poet","body":"The reverent epithet «наш великий поэт» ('our great poet') is the standing Russian way of naming Pushkin without naming him — a shared cultural shorthand that assumes every reader knows exactly who is meant."}],"words":[{"surface":"Отелло","lemma":"отелло","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ревнив","gloss":"Othello"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ревнив","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ревнив","lemma":"ревнивый","morphology":"adjective, short form, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"jealous"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of доверчив","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"доверчив","lemma":"доверчивый","morphology":"adjective, short form, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with ревнив","gloss":"trustful"},{"surface":"заметил","lemma":"заметить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb introducing the quotation","gloss":"observed"},{"surface":"Пушкин","lemma":"пушкин","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of заметил","gloss":"Pushkin"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies одно","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"одно","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies замечание","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of замечание","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"замечание","lemma":"замечание","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of свидетельствует","gloss":"remark"},{"surface":"свидетельствует","lemma":"свидетельствовать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with заметил","gloss":"bears witness"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking глубине","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"необычайной","lemma":"необычайный","morphology":"adjective, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies глубине","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"глубине","lemma":"глубина","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of свидетельствует","gloss":"depth"},{"surface":"ума","lemma":"ум","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies глубине","gloss":"of mind"},{"surface":"нашего","lemma":"наш","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of поэта","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"великого","lemma":"великий","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies поэта","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"поэта","lemma":"поэт","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ума","gloss":"poet"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b8-c3-s14","source":"У Отелло просто разможжена душа и помутилось всё мировоззрение его, потому что ''погиб его идеал''.","translation":"In Othello the soul is simply shattered and his whole view of the world is darkened, because ''his ideal has perished''.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"разможжена душа и помутилось всё мировоззрение","title":"Short passive participle «разможжена»","body":"«разможжена» (more usually спелled размозжена) is the short past passive participle of «размозжить» (to crush/shatter): 'the soul is shattered'. Paired with the reflexive «помутилось» ('grew clouded'), it states a resulting condition — the periphrastic passive of result."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"мировоззрение","title":"«мировоззрение» — worldview","body":"A weighty abstract compound, «мировоззрение» ('world-view, whole outlook') is exactly the kind of -ие philosophical noun Dostoevsky reaches for. Here Othello's entire vision of the world, not just a feeling, is what darkens."}],"words":[{"surface":"У","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Отелло","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Отелло","lemma":"Отелло","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of разможжена (in the case of Othello)","gloss":"Othello"},{"surface":"просто","lemma":"просто","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies разможжена","gloss":"simply"},{"surface":"разможжена","lemma":"разможжить","morphology":"verb, short-form passive participle, feminine, singular, perfective","role":"predicate of душа, main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is shattered"},{"surface":"душа","lemma":"душа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of passive разможжена","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"помутилось","lemma":"помутиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, reflexive, neuter, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with разможжена, agrees with мировоззрение","gloss":"is darkened"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of мировоззрение","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"мировоззрение","lemma":"мировоззрение","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of помутилось","gloss":"view of the world"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies мировоззрение","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of погиб (потому что)","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase потому","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"погиб","lemma":"погибнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"predicate of the quoted clause introduced by потому что","gloss":"has perished","note":"quoted as ''погиб его идеал'' — set off as a citation within the sentence"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of идеал","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"идеал","lemma":"идеал","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of погиб","gloss":"ideal"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b8-c3-s15","source":"Но Отелло не станет прятаться, шпионить, подглядывать: он доверчив.","translation":"But Othello will not hide, spy, peer through keyholes: he is trustful.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не станет прятаться, шпионить, подглядывать","title":"«не станет» + infinitives = won't","body":"«станет» (perfective future of «стать») plus imperfective infinitives functions as a flat future negation — 'he will not [set about] hiding, spying, peering'. Stacking three reflexive/imperfective infinitives gives a rhetorical sweep."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Отелло","lemma":"Отелло","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of станет","gloss":"Othello"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies станет","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"станет","lemma":"стать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence (future auxiliary)","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"прятаться","lemma":"прятаться","morphology":"verb, reflexive, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of станет","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"шпионить","lemma":"шпионить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with прятаться","gloss":"spy"},{"surface":"подглядывать","lemma":"подглядывать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with прятаться","gloss":"peer through keyholes"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of доверчив","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"доверчив","lemma":"доверчивый","morphology":"adjective, short-form, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of он, second main clause","gloss":"is trustful"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b8-c3-s16","source":"Напротив, его надо было наводить, наталкивать, разжигать с чрезвычайными усилиями, чтоб он только догадался об измене.","translation":"On the contrary, he had to be led on, prodded, inflamed with extraordinary effort before he so much as guessed at the betrayal.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"его надо было наводить, наталкивать, разжигать","title":"Impersonal «надо было» + accusative object","body":"Another subjectless necessity: «надо было» governs the infinitives, while «его» is their accusative object — 'one had to lead HIM on, prod, inflame [him]'. The animate masculine «его» shows accusative = genitive form."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"чтоб он только догадался","title":"«чтоб» + past-form irrealis","body":"Reduced «чтоб» (= чтобы) opens a purpose clause whose verb takes the past form «догадался» — the irrealis required after чтобы even for a desired result. «только» ('only just / so much as') narrows it to the bare minimum of guessing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Напротив","lemma":"напротив","morphology":"adverb","role":"contrasts with the previous sentence","gloss":"on the contrary"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of наводить/наталкивать/разжигать","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the impersonal phrase","gloss":"was necessary"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to надо","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"наводить","lemma":"наводить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"lead on"},{"surface":"наталкивать","lemma":"наталкивать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with наводить","gloss":"prod"},{"surface":"разжигать","lemma":"разжигать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with наводить","gloss":"inflame"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking усилиями","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"чрезвычайными","lemma":"чрезвычайный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, plural","role":"modifies усилиями","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"усилиями","lemma":"усилие","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of разжигать","gloss":"efforts"},{"surface":"чтоб","lemma":"чтоб","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of догадался","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of догадался","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies догадался","gloss":"so much as"},{"surface":"догадался","lemma":"догадаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, reflexive, singular, perfective","role":"predicate of the чтоб-clause","gloss":"guessed"},{"surface":"об","lemma":"об","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking измене","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"измене","lemma":"измена","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of догадался","gloss":"the betrayal"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b8-c3-s17","source":"Не таков истинный ревнивец.","translation":"The true jealous man is not like that.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Не таков истинный ревнивец","title":"Predicate «таков» fronted","body":"«таков» is the short predicative form of «такой» ('such, like that'), here negated and fronted for emphasis: 'Not such [= not like that] is the true jealous man'. The inversion, subject last, is a rhetorical, bookish word order."}],"words":[{"surface":"Не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies таков","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"таков","lemma":"таков","morphology":"adjective, short-form, masculine, singular","role":"predicate, main verb of the sentence","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"истинный","lemma":"истинный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ревнивец","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"ревнивец","lemma":"ревнивец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of таков","gloss":"jealous man"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b8-c3-s18","source":"Невозможно даже представить себе всего позора и нравственного падения, с которыми способен ужиться ревнивец безо всяких угрызений совести.","translation":"It is impossible even to imagine the whole shame and moral degradation a jealous man can make his peace with, without any pangs of conscience whatever.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Невозможно даже представить себе","title":"Impersonal «невозможно» + infinitive","body":"«невозможно… представить себе» is a subjectless modal predicate ('it is impossible even to imagine'). The reflexive dative «себе» ('to oneself') is a near-obligatory companion of «представить» in this 'picture to oneself' sense."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"с которыми способен ужиться ревнивец","title":"Relative «с которыми» in instrumental","body":"«с которыми» ('with which') takes the instrumental plural because «ужиться с» ('to get along / make peace with') governs «с» + instrumental. «который» agrees in number with its antecedent «позора и… падения» but carries its own case from the clause."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"безо всяких угрызений совести","title":"«угрызения совести» — pangs of conscience","body":"«угрызения совести» (literally 'gnawings of conscience') is the set phrase for remorse; «безо» is the euphonic variant of «без» before consonant clusters ('without'). This refrain — the absence of conscience-pangs — recurs across the passage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Невозможно","lemma":"невозможно","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies представить","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"представить","lemma":"представить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on Невозможно","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"reflexive complement of представить","gloss":"to oneself"},{"surface":"всего","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of позора","gloss":"all the"},{"surface":"позора","lemma":"позор","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"partitive object of представить","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"нравственного","lemma":"нравственный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies падения","gloss":"moral"},{"surface":"падения","lemma":"падение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with позора","gloss":"degradation"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking которыми","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"которыми","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"oblique complement of ужиться, refers to позора/падения","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"способен","lemma":"способный","morphology":"adjective, short-form, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of ревнивец, relative clause modifying позора/падения","gloss":"is capable"},{"surface":"ужиться","lemma":"ужиться","morphology":"verb, reflexive, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of способен","gloss":"make peace with"},{"surface":"ревнивец","lemma":"ревнивец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of способен","gloss":"jealous man"},{"surface":"безо","lemma":"без","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking угрызений","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"всяких","lemma":"всякий","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of угрызений","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"угрызений","lemma":"угрызение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of безо","gloss":"pangs"},{"surface":"совести","lemma":"совесть","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies угрызений","gloss":"of conscience"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b8-c3-s19","source":"И ведь не то чтоб это были всё пошлые и грязные души.","translation":"And it is not as though these were all vulgar and dirty souls.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"И ведь не то чтоб это были","title":"Particle «ведь» + «не то чтоб»","body":"«ведь» appeals to the reader's shared sense ('and after all, mind you'), while «не то чтоб» ('it's not as though') sets up a concessive qualification taking the past-form «были». Together they give the narrator's confiding, button-holing tone."}],"words":[{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies the clause не то","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the idiom не то чтоб","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"чтоб","lemma":"чтоб","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of были","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of были","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"были","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"copula linking это to души","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of души","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"пошлые","lemma":"пошлый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies души","gloss":"vulgar"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"грязные","lemma":"грязный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with пошлые","gloss":"dirty"},{"surface":"души","lemma":"душа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"predicate noun after были, modified by пошлые and грязные","gloss":"souls"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b8-c3-s20","source":"Напротив, с сердцем высоким, с любовью чистою, полною самопожертвования, можно в то же время прятаться под столы, подкупать подлейших людей и уживаться с самою скверною грязью шпионства и подслушивания.","translation":"On the contrary, with a lofty heart, with a love that is pure and full of self-sacrifice, one may at the same time crouch beneath tables, bribe the basest of men, and consort with the foulest filth of spying and eavesdropping.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"с сердцем высоким, с любовью чистою","title":"Instrumental of accompaniment + «-ою»","body":"«с сердцем высоким… с любовью чистою» strings instrumentals after «с» ('with a lofty heart, with a pure love'). Note the inverted adjective order and the archaic «-ою» ending on «чистою» — both period-bookish touches."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"можно… прятаться… подкупать… уживаться","title":"Impersonal «можно» + infinitive triad","body":"Subjectless «можно» ('one may, it is possible') governs three imperfective infinitives — 'one may crouch… bribe… consort'. The generalizing impersonal lets the narrator make a universal claim about the type, not a single person."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"подлейших… самою скверною","title":"Superlatives «подлейших», «самою скверною»","body":"«подлейших» is the bookish suffixal superlative of «подлый» ('basest of men'), and «самою скверною» the periphrastic superlative with «самый» ('the foulest'), again in the archaic «-ою» instrumental. The piled-up superlatives heighten the moral revulsion."}],"words":[{"surface":"Напротив","lemma":"напротив","morphology":"adverb","role":"contrasts with the previous sentence","gloss":"on the contrary"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking сердцем","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"сердцем","lemma":"сердце","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of можно","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"высоким","lemma":"высокий","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"modifies сердцем","gloss":"lofty"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking любовью","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"любовью","lemma":"любовь","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with сердцем","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"чистою","lemma":"чистый","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies любовью","gloss":"pure"},{"surface":"полною","lemma":"полный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with чистою, modifies любовью","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"самопожертвования","lemma":"самопожертвование","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies полною","gloss":"of self-sacrifice"},{"surface":"можно","lemma":"можно","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate, main verb of the second clause","gloss":"one may"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking время","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of время","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"время","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of прятаться","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"прятаться","lemma":"прятаться","morphology":"verb, reflexive, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on можно","gloss":"crouch"},{"surface":"под","lemma":"под","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking столы","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"столы","lemma":"стол","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of прятаться","gloss":"tables"},{"surface":"подкупать","lemma":"подкупать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with прятаться","gloss":"bribe"},{"surface":"подлейших","lemma":"подлый","morphology":"adjective, superlative, animate-accusative, plural","role":"modifies людей","gloss":"basest"},{"surface":"людей","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of подкупать","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"уживаться","lemma":"уживаться","morphology":"verb, reflexive, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with прятаться","gloss":"consort with"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking грязью","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"самою","lemma":"сам","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"intensifier, modifies грязью","gloss":"the very"},{"surface":"скверною","lemma":"скверный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with самою, modifies грязью","gloss":"foulest"},{"surface":"грязью","lemma":"грязь","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of уживаться","gloss":"filth"},{"surface":"шпионства","lemma":"шпионство","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies грязью","gloss":"of spying"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"подслушивания","lemma":"подслушивание","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with шпионства","gloss":"of eavesdropping"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b8-c3-s21","source":"Отелло не мог бы ни за что примириться с изменой, — не простить не мог бы, а примириться, — хотя душа его незлобива и невинна, как душа младенца.","translation":"Othello could in no way have reconciled himself to betrayal — not that he could not have forgiven it, but reconciled himself — though his soul is as guileless and innocent as the soul of a babe.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не мог бы ни за что примириться","title":"Conditional «не мог бы» + «ни за что»","body":"«не мог бы» is the irrealis (past «мог» + «бы») — 'could not have / would not be able to'. The intensifier «ни за что» ('on no account, for anything') reinforces the negation with «ни», typical negative concord."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не простить не мог бы, а примириться","title":"Contrastive «а» splitting two verbs","body":"The hinge «а» marks a fine distinction rather than opposition: not that he couldn't FORGIVE, but that he couldn't RECONCILE himself. «примириться с» (perfective reflexive) governs «с» + instrumental ('come to terms with')."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"незлобива… как душа младенца","title":"«незлобивый» and «младенец»","body":"«незлобива» (short form) means 'free of malice, meek of heart' — a faintly Church-toned virtue. «младенец» is the elevated word for an infant/babe (vs. plain «ребёнок»), lending the simile of an innocent soul a near-scriptural ring."}],"words":[{"surface":"Отелло","lemma":"Отелло","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of мог","gloss":"Othello"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies мог","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"мог","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"conditional particle","role":"marks conditional mood on мог","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что (ни за что)","gloss":"in no way"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking что","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the idiom ни за что, modifies мог","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"примириться","lemma":"примириться","morphology":"verb, reflexive, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of мог","gloss":"reconcile himself"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking изменой","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"изменой","lemma":"измена","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of примириться","gloss":"betrayal"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies простить","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"простить","lemma":"простить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of мог","gloss":"forgive"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies мог","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"мог","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with мог (w3)","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"conditional particle","role":"marks conditional mood on мог","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"примириться","lemma":"примириться","morphology":"verb, reflexive, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with простить, complement of мог","gloss":"reconcile himself"},{"surface":"хотя","lemma":"хотя","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of незлобива/невинна","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"душа","lemma":"душа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of незлобива/невинна","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of душа","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"незлобива","lemma":"незлобивый","morphology":"adjective, short-form, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of душа, coordinated with невинна","gloss":"guileless"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"невинна","lemma":"невинный","morphology":"adjective, short-form, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with незлобива, predicate of душа","gloss":"innocent"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparative clause","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"душа","lemma":"душа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the comparative phrase","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"младенца","lemma":"младенец","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies душа","gloss":"of a babe"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b8-c3-s22","source":"Не то с настоящим ревнивцем: трудно представить себе, с чем может ужиться и примириться и что может простить иной ревнивец!","translation":"Not so with the real jealous man: it is hard to conceive what some jealous men can put up with and make peace with, and what they can forgive!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"с чем может ужиться… что может простить","title":"Indirect questions «с чем… что»","body":"Two embedded interrogatives depend on «трудно представить себе»: «с чем» (with what — instrumental after «ужиться с») and «что» (what — accusative object of «простить»). The interrogative «что» declines for case while keeping neuter agreement."}],"words":[{"surface":"Не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the idiom не то (not so)","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ревнивцем","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"настоящим","lemma":"настоящий","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ревнивцем","gloss":"the real"},{"surface":"ревнивцем","lemma":"ревнивец","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies то","gloss":"jealous man"},{"surface":"трудно","lemma":"трудно","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate, main verb of the second clause","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"представить","lemma":"представить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on трудно","gloss":"conceive"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"reflexive complement of представить","gloss":"to oneself"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чем","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of может","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"predicate of the relative clause (с чем)","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ужиться","lemma":"ужиться","morphology":"verb, reflexive, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of может","gloss":"put up with"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"примириться","lemma":"примириться","morphology":"verb, reflexive, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with ужиться","gloss":"make peace with"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of простить","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with может (w11)","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"простить","lemma":"простить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of может","gloss":"forgive"},{"surface":"иной","lemma":"иной","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ревнивец","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ревнивец","lemma":"ревнивец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of может","gloss":"jealous man"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b8-c3-s23","source":"Ревнивцы-то скорее всех и прощают, и это знают все женщины.","translation":"The jealous are the quickest of all to forgive, and every woman knows it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ревнивцы-то скорее всех","title":"Topic clitic «-то» on «ревнивцы»","body":"The hyphenated «-то» here is the emphatic topic marker (distinct from indefinite «кто-то»): 'the jealous, mind you / as for the jealous'. It flags «ревнивцы» as the known topic about which something surprising is now asserted."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"скорее всех","title":"Comparative-as-superlative «скорее всех»","body":"«скорее всех» (literally 'quicker than all') is the standard Russian way of forming a superlative from a comparative plus genitive «всех» — 'the quickest of all'. The comparative «скорее» is invariable and predicative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ревнивцы","lemma":"ревнивец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of прощают","gloss":"jealous men"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes Ревнивцы","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"скорее","lemma":"скорее","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прощают","gloss":"quickest"},{"surface":"всех","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"oblique complement of скорее (comparison)","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies прощают","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"прощают","lemma":"прощать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgive"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of знают","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"знают","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with прощают","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of женщины","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"женщины","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of знают","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b8-c3-s24","source":"Ревнивец чрезвычайно скоро (разумеется, после страшной сцены вначале) может и способен простить, например, уже доказанную почти измену, уже виденные им самим объятия и поцелуи, если бы, например, он в то же время мог как-нибудь увериться, что это было «в последний раз» и что соперник его с этого часа уже исчезнет, уедет на край земли, или что сам он увезет ее куда-нибудь в такое место, куда уж больше не придет этот страшный соперник.","translation":"The jealous man is extraordinarily quick (after a terrible scene at the start, of course) to be willing and able to forgive, say, a betrayal already all but proved, embraces and kisses he has seen with his own eyes, if only, for instance, he could at the same time somehow assure himself that this was \"the last time\" and that his rival would from that hour vanish, go off to the ends of the earth, or that he himself would carry her away somewhere, to some place this dread rival could no longer reach.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"может и способен простить… уже доказанную… измену","title":"Past passive participle as modifier","body":"«доказанную» is the past passive participle of «доказать» (to prove), declined and agreeing with «измену» in feminine accusative — 'a betrayal already proved'. Likewise «виденные… объятия и поцелуи» ('seen embraces and kisses'). Participles let one pack a whole 'which had been…' clause into a single word."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"если бы… он мог как-нибудь увериться","title":"Counterfactual «если бы… мог»","body":"«если бы» + past «мог» builds the hypothetical condition ('if only he could somehow assure himself'). «как-нибудь» ('somehow, by any means') uses the non-specific «-нибудь» series — any means at all would do."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"соперник его… исчезнет, уедет на край земли","title":"Perfective futures of the rival's vanishing","body":"«исчезнет» and «уедет» are perfective futures — single completed acts the jealous man imagines: the rival will vanish, will drive off 'to the ends of the earth' («на край земли», a fixed hyperbole). «уедет» is a prefixed motion verb (у- = away)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ревнивец","lemma":"ревнивец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of может","gloss":"jealous man"},{"surface":"чрезвычайно","lemma":"чрезвычайно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies скоро","gloss":"extraordinarily"},{"surface":"скоро","lemma":"скоро","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies может","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"разумеется","lemma":"разуметься","morphology":"parenthetical adverb","role":"parenthetical, modifies the whole clause","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"после","lemma":"после","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking сцены","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"страшной","lemma":"страшный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies сцены","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"сцены","lemma":"сцена","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of после","gloss":"scene"},{"surface":"вначале","lemma":"вначале","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сцены","gloss":"at the start"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"способен","lemma":"способный","morphology":"adjective, short-form, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with может","gloss":"is capable"},{"surface":"простить","lemma":"простить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of способен","gloss":"forgive"},{"surface":"например","lemma":"например","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical, modifies измену","gloss":"for instance"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies доказанную","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"доказанную","lemma":"доказать","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, feminine, singular, accusative, perfective","role":"modifies измену","gloss":"proven"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies доказанную","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"измену","lemma":"измена","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of простить","gloss":"betrayal"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies виденные","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"виденные","lemma":"виденный","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, plural, accusative, perfective","role":"modifies объятия","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"им","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"agent of виденные","gloss":"by him"},{"surface":"самим","lemma":"сам","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"intensifier, modifies им","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"объятия","lemma":"объятие","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of простить","gloss":"embraces"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"поцелуи","lemma":"поцелуй","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with объятия","gloss":"kisses"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of мог","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"conditional particle","role":"marks conditional mood on мог","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"например","lemma":"например","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical, modifies мог","gloss":"for instance"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of мог","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking время","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of время","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"время","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of мог","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"мог","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"predicate of the если-clause","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как-нибудь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies увериться","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"нибудь","lemma":"как-нибудь","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of как-нибудь, modifies увериться","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"увериться","lemma":"увериться","morphology":"verb, reflexive, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of мог","gloss":"assure himself"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of было","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of было","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking это to раз","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking раз","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"последний","lemma":"последний","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies раз","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of было","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of исчезнет","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"соперник","lemma":"соперник","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of исчезнет","gloss":"rival"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of соперник","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking часа","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"этого","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of часа","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"часа","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of исчезнет","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies исчезнет","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"исчезнет","lemma":"исчезнуть","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"predicate of the что-clause, coordinated with увериться's clauses","gloss":"would vanish"},{"surface":"уедет","lemma":"уехать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with исчезнет","gloss":"would go away"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking край","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"край","lemma":"край","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of уедет","gloss":"the edge"},{"surface":"земли","lemma":"земля","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies край","gloss":"of the earth"},{"surface":"или","lemma":"или","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of увезет","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"сам","lemma":"сам","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"intensifier, modifies он","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of увезет","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"увезет","lemma":"увезти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with исчезнет/уедет","gloss":"would carry away"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of увезет","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"куда","lemma":"куда-нибудь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies увезет","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"нибудь","lemma":"куда-нибудь","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of куда-нибудь, modifies увезет","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking место","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"такое","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of место","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"место","lemma":"место","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of увезет","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"куда","lemma":"куда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies придет","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies больше","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"больше","lemma":"больше","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies придет","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies придет","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"придет","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"relative clause on место","gloss":"would come"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of соперник","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"страшный","lemma":"страшный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies соперник","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"соперник","lemma":"соперник","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of придет","gloss":"rival"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b8-c3-s25","source":"Разумеется, примирение произойдет лишь на час, потому что если бы даже и в самом деле исчез соперник, то завтра же он изобретет другого, нового и приревнует к новому.","translation":"Of course, the reconciliation will last but an hour, for even if the rival really did vanish, the very next day he would invent another, a new one, and grow jealous of the new.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"если бы даже и в самом деле исчез соперник","title":"Concessive «если бы даже»","body":"«если бы даже» ('even if') intensifies the counterfactual; the past «исчез» + the implied «бы» carries the irrealis. The cluster «даже и… в самом деле» piles up emphatics — 'even if the rival really did vanish'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"завтра же он изобретет… приревнует","title":"Emphatic «же» + perfective futures","body":"«же» after «завтра» insists on the immediacy: 'the very next day'. «изобретёт» and «приревнует» are perfective futures of inevitable next acts. «приревновать к + dative» ('to grow jealous of') takes «к новому»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Разумеется","lemma":"разуметься","morphology":"parenthetical adverb","role":"parenthetical, modifies the whole clause","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"примирение","lemma":"примирение","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of произойдет","gloss":"reconciliation"},{"surface":"произойдет","lemma":"произойти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will happen"},{"surface":"лишь","lemma":"лишь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies час","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking час","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"час","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of произойдет","gloss":"an hour"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of исчез (потому что)","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase потому","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of исчез","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"conditional particle","role":"marks conditional mood on исчез","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies исчез","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"reinforces даже (даже и)","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking деле","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"самом","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies деле","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"деле","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of исчез (в самом деле = really)","gloss":"fact"},{"surface":"исчез","lemma":"исчезнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"predicate of the если-clause","gloss":"vanished"},{"surface":"соперник","lemma":"соперник","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of исчез","gloss":"rival"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"correlative, introduces the main clause after если","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"завтра","lemma":"завтра","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies изобретет","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies завтра","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of изобретет","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"изобретет","lemma":"изобрести","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the main clause","gloss":"would invent"},{"surface":"другого","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of изобретет","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"нового","lemma":"новый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with другого","gloss":"a new one"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"приревнует","lemma":"приревновать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with изобретет","gloss":"would grow jealous"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking новому","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"новому","lemma":"новый","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of приревнует","gloss":"the new one"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b8-c3-s26","source":"И казалось бы, что в той любви, за которою надо так подсматривать, и чего стоит любовь, которую надобно столь усиленно сторожить?","translation":"And one would think — what is a love worth that has to be spied upon so, and what is the worth of a love that must be guarded with such effort?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"И казалось бы","title":"«казалось бы» — one would think","body":"«казалось бы» fuses the impersonal «казалось» ('it seemed') with «бы» to make a softened, rhetorical 'one would think / you'd suppose'. It launches the narrator's quasi-objection before he overturns it in the next sentence."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"за которою надо так подсматривать","title":"Relative «за которою» + archaic ending","body":"«за» governs the instrumental here, hence «за которою» ('after which one must spy') — with the old «-ою» ending on the relative. «подсматривать за» ('to spy on') is an imperfective of habitual furtive watching."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"надобно столь усиленно сторожить","title":"Bookish «надобно» and «столь»","body":"«надобно» is an archaic-literary variant of «надо» ('one must, it is needful'), and «столь» a bookish «так» ('so, to such a degree'). Both lift the register, matching the narrator's mock-philosophical pitch."}],"words":[{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"казалось","lemma":"казаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, reflexive, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it would seem"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"conditional particle","role":"marks conditional mood on казалось","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of надо","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking любви","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"той","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, locative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of любви","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"любви","lemma":"любовь","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of надо","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking которою","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"которою","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of подсматривать, refers to любви","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"clausal complement of казалось","gloss":"one must"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies подсматривать","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"подсматривать","lemma":"подсматривать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"spy"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of стоит","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"стоит","lemma":"стоить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"predicate of the second clause","gloss":"is worth"},{"surface":"любовь","lemma":"любовь","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of стоит","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"которую","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of сторожить, refers to любовь","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"надобно","lemma":"надобно","morphology":"adverb","role":"clausal head, governs сторожить","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"столь","lemma":"столь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies усиленно","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"усиленно","lemma":"усиленно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сторожить","gloss":"strenuously"},{"surface":"сторожить","lemma":"сторожить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on надобно","gloss":"guard"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b8-c3-s27","source":"Но вот этого-то никогда и не поймет настоящий ревнивец, а между тем между ними, право, случаются люди даже с сердцами высокими.","translation":"But this is just what the true jealous man will never understand, and yet among them there are, truly, men even of lofty hearts.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"этого-то никогда и не поймет","title":"Clitic «-то» + concord «никогда… не»","body":"«этого-то» fronts and emphasizes the object ('this is just what…'), with topic «-то». The negation runs «никогда… и не поймёт» — the ни-adverb «никогда» still requires «не» on the verb (negative concord). «поймёт» is perfective future ('will [never] grasp')."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"между тем","title":"«между тем» — and yet, meanwhile","body":"«между тем» works here as a contrastive connective ('and yet, all the same'), not a temporal 'meanwhile'. Followed by «между ними» ('among them'), it produces the near-pun «между тем между ними» that Dostoevsky lets stand."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces этого (emphatic, \"this is\")","gloss":"this is"},{"surface":"этого","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of поймет","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic suffix on этого (\"-то\")","gloss":"indeed","note":"The enclitic -то attaches to этого for emphasis; it is not the pronoun то."},{"surface":"никогда","lemma":"никогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies поймет","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes никогда не поймет","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies поймет","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"поймет","lemma":"понять","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will understand"},{"surface":"настоящий","lemma":"настоящий","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ревнивец","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"ревнивец","lemma":"ревнивец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of поймет","gloss":"jealous man"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"между","lemma":"между","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms idiom между тем with тем","gloss":"mean-"},{"surface":"тем","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"with между forms the idiom \"meanwhile\"","gloss":"-while","note":"между тем is a fixed idiom meaning \"meanwhile / and yet\", not a literal prepositional phrase."},{"surface":"между","lemma":"между","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ними","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ними","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"object of preposition между","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"право","lemma":"право","morphology":"adverb (parenthetical)","role":"parenthetical, modifies случаются","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"случаются","lemma":"случаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with поймет","gloss":"there occur"},{"surface":"люди","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of случаются","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies с сердцами высокими","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking сердцами","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"сердцами","lemma":"сердце","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, plural","role":"modifies люди","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"высокими","lemma":"высокий","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, plural","role":"modifies сердцами","gloss":"lofty"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b8-c3-s28","source":"Замечательно еще то, что эти самые люди с высокими сердцами, стоя в какой-нибудь каморке, подслушивая и шпионя, хоть и понимают ясно «высокими сердцами своими» весь срам, в который они сами добровольно залезли, но, однако, в ту минуту по крайней мере, пока стоят в этой каморке, никогда не чувствуют угрызений совести.","translation":"It is also remarkable that these very men of lofty hearts, while they stand in some little closet, eavesdropping and spying, do, with \"those lofty hearts of theirs\", clearly grasp the whole disgrace into which they have voluntarily crawled, and yet, in that moment at least, so long as they stand in that closet, never feel any pangs of conscience.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"стоя в какой-нибудь каморке, подслушивая и шпионя","title":"Chain of imperfective gerunds","body":"Three present (imperfective) gerunds — «стоя» (standing), «подслушивая» (eavesdropping), «шпионя» (spying) — set the simultaneous attendant circumstances of the main verb «понимают». Such gerund-stacking compresses a whole scene into modifiers."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"каморке","title":"«каморка» — a cramped little closet","body":"«каморка» is a contemptuous diminutive — a poky, mean little room or cubbyhole. The choice of word makes the spying physically squalid, the 'lofty heart' literally crammed into a shabby corner."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"никогда не чувствуют угрызений совести","title":"Genitive object «угрызений» under negation","body":"Under the negation «не чувствуют», the object «угрызений совести» stands in the genitive plural (genitive of negation) — 'feel no pangs of conscience'. «никогда… не» again shows negative concord."}],"words":[{"surface":"Замечательно","lemma":"замечательный","morphology":"adjective, short form, neuter, singular","role":"predicate of the sentence","gloss":"it is remarkable"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Замечательно","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Замечательно","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of чувствуют","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of люди","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"самые","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies люди","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"люди","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of чувствуют","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking сердцами","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"высокими","lemma":"высокий","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, plural","role":"modifies сердцами","gloss":"lofty"},{"surface":"сердцами","lemma":"сердце","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, plural","role":"modifies люди","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"стоя","lemma":"стоять","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on понимают","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking каморке","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"какой","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, locative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of каморке (with нибудь, \"some\")","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"нибудь","lemma":"нибудь","morphology":"particle","role":"forms indefinite determiner with какой","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"каморке","lemma":"каморка","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of стоя","gloss":"little closet"},{"surface":"подслушивая","lemma":"подслушивать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"parallel converb to стоя","gloss":"eavesdropping"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"шпионя","lemma":"шпионить","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"coordinated with подслушивая","gloss":"spying"},{"surface":"хоть","lemma":"хоть","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the concessive clause of понимают","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies понимают","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"понимают","lemma":"понимать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"verb of the concessive clause introduced by хоть","gloss":"do understand"},{"surface":"ясно","lemma":"ясно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies понимают","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"высокими","lemma":"высокий","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, plural","role":"modifies сердцами","gloss":"lofty"},{"surface":"сердцами","lemma":"сердце","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of понимают","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"своими","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, plural","role":"determiner of сердцами","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"весь","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of срам","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"срам","lemma":"срам","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of понимают","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking который","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"который","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition в, complement of залезли","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"они","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of залезли","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"modifies они (emphatic)","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"добровольно","lemma":"добровольно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies залезли","gloss":"voluntarily"},{"surface":"залезли","lemma":"залезть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"relative clause on срам","gloss":"crawled"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"однако","lemma":"однако","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies чувствуют","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking минуту","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ту","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of минуту","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"минуту","lemma":"минута","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies чувствуют","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase по крайней мере, modifies чувствуют","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"крайней","lemma":"крайний","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase по крайней мере","gloss":"least","note":"по крайней мере is the fixed idiom \"at least\"."},{"surface":"мере","lemma":"мера","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase по крайней мере","gloss":"measure"},{"surface":"пока","lemma":"пока","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces adverbial clause modifying чувствуют","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"стоят","lemma":"стоять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"verb of the clause introduced by пока","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking каморке","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, locative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of каморке","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"каморке","lemma":"каморка","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of стоят","gloss":"closet"},{"surface":"никогда","lemma":"никогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies чувствуют","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies чувствуют","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"чувствуют","lemma":"чувствовать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"угрызений","lemma":"угрызение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of чувствуют","gloss":"pangs"},{"surface":"совести","lemma":"совесть","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies угрызений","gloss":"of conscience"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b8-c3-s29","source":"У Мити при виде Грушеньки пропадала ревность, и на мгновение он становился доверчив и благороден, даже сам презирал себя за дурные чувства.","translation":"At the sight of Grushenka, Mitya's jealousy would vanish, and for a moment he would become trustful and noble, even despising himself for his ugly feelings.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"У Мити… пропадала ревность","title":"«у» + genitive of the possessor","body":"«У Мити… пропадала ревность» frames the feeling as something that happens 'at / with Mitya' — «у» + genitive («Мити»), the standard Russian way of expressing what someone has or what befalls them. Imperfective «пропадала» marks the recurring pattern ('would vanish')."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"становился доверчив и благороден","title":"Short adjectives after «становился»","body":"«становился» ('would become') takes short-form predicate adjectives «доверчив… благороден» ('trustful… noble'). The reflexive «презирал себя» pairs «себя» with the verb — 'despising himself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"У","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Мити","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Мити","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of пропадала","gloss":"Mitya's"},{"surface":"при","lemma":"при","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking виде","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"виде","lemma":"вид","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition при","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"Грушеньки","lemma":"Грушенька","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies виде","gloss":"of Grushenka"},{"surface":"пропадала","lemma":"пропадать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would vanish"},{"surface":"ревность","lemma":"ревность","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of пропадала","gloss":"jealousy"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мгновение","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"мгновение","lemma":"мгновение","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of становился","gloss":"a moment"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of становился","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"становился","lemma":"становиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with пропадала","gloss":"would become"},{"surface":"доверчив","lemma":"доверчивый","morphology":"adjective, short form, masculine, singular","role":"complement of становился","gloss":"trustful"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"благороден","lemma":"благородный","morphology":"adjective, short form, masculine, singular","role":"complement of становился, coordinated with доверчив","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies сам презирал","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"сам","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies он (emphatic subject of презирал)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"презирал","lemma":"презирать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with становился","gloss":"despised"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of презирал","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чувства","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"дурные","lemma":"дурной","morphology":"adjective, accusative, plural","role":"modifies чувства","gloss":"ugly"},{"surface":"чувства","lemma":"чувство","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of презирал","gloss":"feelings"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b8-c3-s30","source":"Но это значило только, что в любви его к этой женщине заключалось нечто гораздо высшее, чем он сам предполагал, а не одна лишь страстность, не один лишь «изгиб тела», о котором он толковал Алеше.","translation":"But this meant only that in his love for this woman there lay something far higher than he himself supposed, and not mere passion alone, not merely that \"curve of the body\" he had spoken of to Alyosha.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"в любви его… заключалось нечто гораздо высшее","title":"Comparative «высшее» + «гораздо»","body":"«высшее» is the comparative/elevated form of «высокий» ('higher'), intensified by «гораздо» ('far, much') — 'something far higher'. The reflexive «заключалось» ('lay, was contained') is a middle-voice -ся verb."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"«изгиб тела»","title":"«изгиб тела» — the curve of the body","body":"«изгиб» is a curve, bend, or contour; «изгиб тела» ('the curve of the body') is Mitya's own sensual phrase, recalled from his confession to Alyosha. The guillemets mark it as a quotation of his earlier speech, tying this analysis back to his self-revelation."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Алеше","title":"«Алёша» — Alyosha","body":"«Алёша» is the tender diminutive of Алексей, the youngest Karamazov brother and the novel's spiritual center. Mitya pours out his confessions to him; the dative «Алёше» here recalls that earlier brotherly outpouring."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of значило","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"значило","lemma":"значить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies значило","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of заключалось","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking любви","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"любви","lemma":"любовь","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of заключалось","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"его","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies любви (possessive)","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking женщине","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of женщине","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"женщине","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition к, modifies любви","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"заключалось","lemma":"заключаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of значило","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"нечто","lemma":"нечто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of заключалось","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"гораздо","lemma":"гораздо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies высшее","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"высшее","lemma":"высокий","morphology":"adjective, comparative, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies нечто","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"чем","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparative clause of предполагал","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of предполагал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"сам","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies он (emphatic)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"предполагал","lemma":"предполагать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"verb of the comparative clause modifying высшее","gloss":"had supposed"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies одна","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"одна","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"quantifies страстность","gloss":"mere"},{"surface":"лишь","lemma":"лишь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies страстность","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"страстность","lemma":"страстность","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with нечто (subject complement of заключалось)","gloss":"passion"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies один","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"один","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"quantifies изгиб","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"лишь","lemma":"лишь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies изгиб","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"изгиб","lemma":"изгиб","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with страстность (subject complement of заключалось)","gloss":"curve"},{"surface":"тела","lemma":"тело","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies изгиб","gloss":"of the body"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking котором","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"котором","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition о, complement of толковал","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of толковал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"толковал","lemma":"толковать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause on изгиб","gloss":"had spoken of"},{"surface":"Алеше","lemma":"Алёша","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of толковал","gloss":"to Alyosha"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b8-c3-s31","source":"Но зато, когда исчезала Грушенька, Митя тотчас же начинал опять подозревать в ней все низости и коварства измены.","translation":"Yet whenever Grushenka was out of sight, Mitya at once began again to suspect her of all the baseness and treachery of betrayal.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"когда исчезала Грушенька, Митя тотчас же начинал опять подозревать","title":"Imperfective pair for habitual «whenever»","body":"Both verbs are imperfective past — «исчезала» (would disappear) and «начинал… подозревать» (would begin to suspect) — encoding a repeated, conditional 'whenever… then…' pattern rather than a single event."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"подозревать в ней все низости","title":"«подозревать в ком + accusative»","body":"«подозревать в ней… низости» means 'to suspect HER of baseness' — the person suspected goes in «в» + prepositional («в ней»), the thing suspected in the accusative («низости и коварства»). A construction worth noting for its un-English case frame."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"зато","lemma":"зато","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies начинал","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of исчезала","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"исчезала","lemma":"исчезать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on начинал","gloss":"was out of sight"},{"surface":"Грушенька","lemma":"Грушенька","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of исчезала","gloss":"Grushenka"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of начинал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"тотчас","lemma":"тотчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies начинал","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes тотчас","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"начинал","lemma":"начинать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would begin"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies подозревать","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"подозревать","lemma":"подозревать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of начинал","gloss":"to suspect"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of подозревать","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of низости","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"низости","lemma":"низость","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of подозревать","gloss":"baseness"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"коварства","lemma":"коварство","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with низости","gloss":"treachery"},{"surface":"измены","lemma":"измена","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies низости and коварства","gloss":"of betrayal"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b8-c3-s32","source":"Угрызений же совести никаких при этом не чувствовал.","translation":"And of pangs of conscience over this he felt none.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Угрызений же совести никаких… не чувствовал","title":"Fronted genitive of negation + «же»","body":"The negated object «угрызений… совести никаких» is fronted for emphasis and stands in the genitive of negation ('no pangs of conscience whatever'). The particle «же» here adds an insistent, contrastive 'and yet none at all'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Угрызений","lemma":"угрызение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of чувствовал (genitive of negation)","gloss":"pangs","note":"Genitive of negation: \"не чувствовал угрызений\" = \"felt no pangs\"."},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes Угрызений","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"совести","lemma":"совесть","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Угрызений","gloss":"of conscience"},{"surface":"никаких","lemma":"никакой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of Угрызений","gloss":"none at all"},{"surface":"при","lemma":"при","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking этом","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"этом","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of чувствовал","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies чувствовал","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"чувствовал","lemma":"чувствовать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b8-c3-s33","source":"Итак, ревность закипела в нем снова.","translation":"And so jealousy boiled up in him anew.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Итак, ревность закипела в нем снова","title":"Ingressive perfective «закипела»","body":"«закипела» (perfective of «закипеть») uses the prefix «за-» to mark the onset of an action — 'jealousy boiled UP', began to seethe. «Итак» ('and so, thus') is a resumptive connective drawing the digression on jealousy back to the narrative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Итак","lemma":"итак","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies закипела","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ревность","lemma":"ревность","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of закипела","gloss":"jealousy"},{"surface":"закипела","lemma":"закипеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"boiled up"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нем","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"нем","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of закипела","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"снова","lemma":"снова","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies закипела","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b8-c3-s34","source":"Во всяком случае, надо было спешить.","translation":"In any case, he had to hurry.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"надо было спешить","title":"Impersonal «надо было» + infinitive","body":"A bare impersonal of necessity: «надо было спешить» ('it was necessary to hurry / he had to hurry'), with no expressed subject at all. The imperfective infinitive «спешить» frames the hurrying as an ongoing state."}],"words":[{"surface":"Во","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking случае","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"всяком","lemma":"всякий","morphology":"determiner, locative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of случае","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"случае","lemma":"случай","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition во, modifies надо","gloss":"case"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb (predicate)","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to надо","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"спешить","lemma":"спешить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"to hurry"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b8-c3-s35","source":"Первым делом надо было достать хоть капельку денег на перехватку.","translation":"The first thing was to lay hold of at least a little money to tide him over.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"хоть капельку денег на перехватку","title":"«капелька» and «на перехватку»","body":"«капельку» is the diminutive of «капля» ('a drop'), used adverbially for 'a tiny bit' (of money). «на перехватку» is a colloquialism for cash to tide one over, a stopgap loan — Mitya needs just enough to bridge the gap."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Первым делом надо было достать","title":"Instrumental adverbial «первым делом»","body":"«первым делом» (instrumental, literally 'as the first business') is a frozen adverbial meaning 'first of all'. Such instrumental-of-manner phrases (другим делом, тем временем) thicken the texture of narrative Russian."}],"words":[{"surface":"Первым","lemma":"первый","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"modifies делом","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"делом","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of надо","gloss":"of all","note":"первым делом is a fixed adverbial idiom meaning \"first of all\"."},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb (predicate)","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to надо","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"достать","lemma":"достать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"to get hold of"},{"surface":"хоть","lemma":"хоть","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies капельку","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"капельку","lemma":"капелька","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of достать","gloss":"a drop"},{"surface":"денег","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"modifies капельку","gloss":"of money"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking перехватку","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"перехватку","lemma":"перехватка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of достать","gloss":"tide him over"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b8-c3-s36","source":"Вчерашние девять рублей почти все ушли на проезд, а совсем без денег, известно, никуда шагу ступить нельзя.","translation":"Yesterday's nine roubles had nearly all gone on the journey, and without any money at all, as everyone knows, one cannot stir a step anywhere.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"никуда шагу ступить нельзя","title":"Impersonal «нельзя» + genitive «шагу»","body":"«нельзя… ступить» is the impersonal of impossibility ('one cannot take a step'). «шагу» is a partitive/genitive-after-negation form of «шаг» — 'not a step' — and «никуда» ('nowhere') keeps the negative concord with «нельзя»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вчерашние","lemma":"вчерашний","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies рублей","gloss":"yesterday's"},{"surface":"девять","lemma":"девять","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"subject of ушли (head of numeral phrase with рублей)","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"рублей","lemma":"рубль","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"quantified by девять","gloss":"roubles"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies все","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ушли (in apposition to девять рублей)","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ушли","lemma":"уйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had gone"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking проезд","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"проезд","lemma":"проезд","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ушли","gloss":"the journey"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"совсем","lemma":"совсем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies без","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"без","lemma":"без","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking денег","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"денег","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"object of preposition без","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"известно","lemma":"известно","morphology":"adverb (parenthetical)","role":"parenthetical, modifies нельзя","gloss":"as is known"},{"surface":"никуда","lemma":"никуда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies нельзя","gloss":"nowhere"},{"surface":"шагу","lemma":"шаг","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ступить (genitive of negation)","gloss":"a step"},{"surface":"ступить","lemma":"ступить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on нельзя","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"нельзя","lemma":"нельзя","morphology":"adverb (predicate)","role":"main verb of the second clause, coordinated with ушли","gloss":"one cannot"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b8-c3-s37","source":"Но он вместе с новым планом своим обдумал, где достать и на перехватку, еще давеча на телеге.","translation":"But along with his new plan he had already worked out, back on the cart, where to get something to tide him over too.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"еще давеча на телеге","title":"«давеча» and «телега»","body":"«давеча» is a folksy-archaic adverb, 'a little while ago, earlier today'. A «телега» is a peasant cart — the humble conveyance on which Mitya, mind racing, had already plotted his scheme. Both words root the scene in provincial Russian life."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of обдумал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"вместе","lemma":"вместе","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies обдумал (with с планом)","gloss":"along with"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking планом","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"новым","lemma":"новый","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies планом","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"планом","lemma":"план","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вместе","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"своим","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies планом","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"обдумал","lemma":"обдумать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had worked out"},{"surface":"где","lemma":"где","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of достать","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"достать","lemma":"достать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of обдумал","gloss":"to get"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies перехватку","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking перехватку","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"перехватку","lemma":"перехватка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of достать","gloss":"tiding over"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies давеча","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"давеча","lemma":"давеча","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies обдумал","gloss":"earlier","note":"давеча is a colloquial/archaic adverb meaning \"earlier, a while ago\"."},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking телеге","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"телеге","lemma":"телега","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies давеча","gloss":"the cart"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b8-c3-s38","source":"У него была пара хороших дуэльных пистолетов с патронами, и если до сих пор он ее не заложил, то потому, что любил эту вещь больше всего, что имел.","translation":"He had a pair of fine duelling pistols with their cartridges, and if he had not pawned them before now, it was because he loved that thing more than anything he owned.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"если… он ее не заложил, то потому, что любил","title":"«если… то потому, что» — causal frame","body":"A reasoning construction: «если… не заложил, то потому, что любил» ('if he hadn't pawned it, that was because he loved it'). The imperfective «любил» gives the standing reason, the perfective «заложил» the (non-)event."}],"words":[{"surface":"У","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking него","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"него","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of была","gloss":"he (had)"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"пара","lemma":"пара","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of была","gloss":"a pair"},{"surface":"хороших","lemma":"хороший","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies пистолетов","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"дуэльных","lemma":"дуэльный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies пистолетов","gloss":"dueling"},{"surface":"пистолетов","lemma":"пистолет","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"modifies пара","gloss":"of pistols"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking патронами","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"патронами","lemma":"патрон","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, plural","role":"modifies пистолетов","gloss":"cartridges"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of заложил","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase до сих пор, modifies заложил","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"сих","lemma":"сей","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"part of the phrase до сих пор","gloss":"these","note":"до сих пор is the fixed idiom \"until now\"."},{"surface":"пор","lemma":"пора","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"part of the phrase до сих пор","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of заложил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of заложил","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies заложил","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"заложил","lemma":"заложить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"verb of the если-clause","gloss":"pawned"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"correlative, introduces the reason clause потому","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate, introduces reason clause with что","gloss":"it was because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of любил","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"любил","lemma":"любить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on потому","gloss":"he loved"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of вещь","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вещь","lemma":"вещь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of любил","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"больше","lemma":"больше","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies любил (with всего)","gloss":"more than"},{"surface":"всего","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of больше","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of имел","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"имел","lemma":"иметь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause on всего","gloss":"he owned"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b8-c3-s39","source":"В трактире «Столичный город» он уже давно слегка познакомился с одним молодым чиновником и как-то узнал в трактире же, что этот холостой и весьма достаточный чиновник до страсти любит оружие, покупает пистолеты, револьверы, кинжалы, развешивает у себя по стенам, показывает знакомым, хвалится, мастер растолковать систему револьвера, как его зарядить, как выстрелить, и проч.","translation":"At the tavern \"The Capital City\" he had long ago struck up a slight acquaintance with a certain young official, and had somehow learned, there at the tavern, that this unmarried and quite well-off official was passionately fond of weapons, bought pistols, revolvers, daggers, hung them on his walls, showed them off to acquaintances, boasted, was a master at explaining the workings of a revolver, how to load it, how to fire it, and so on.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"до страсти любит оружие, покупает… развешивает… хвалится","title":"Imperfective present of habit","body":"A cascade of imperfective presents — «любит, покупает, развешивает, показывает, хвалится» — paints the official's standing habits and character, not single acts. «хвалится» is a reflexive -ся verb ('boasts'). «до страсти» means 'to the point of passion'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"мастер растолковать… и проч.","title":"«мастер» + infinitive; «и проч.»","body":"«мастер» here is predicative — 'a past master at, expert at' explaining a revolver. «и проч.» abbreviates «и прочее» ('and so forth, etcetera'), the narrator briskly waving off the rest of the gun-lover's repertoire."}],"words":[{"surface":"В","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking трактире","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"трактире","lemma":"трактир","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of познакомился","gloss":"the tavern"},{"surface":"Столичный","lemma":"столичный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies город","gloss":"Capital"},{"surface":"город","lemma":"город","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to трактире (tavern's name)","gloss":"City"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of познакомился","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies давно","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"давно","lemma":"давно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies познакомился","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"слегка","lemma":"слегка","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies познакомился","gloss":"slightly"},{"surface":"познакомился","lemma":"познакомиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had struck up acquaintance"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чиновником","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"одним","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"quantifies чиновником","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"молодым","lemma":"молодой","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies чиновником","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"чиновником","lemma":"чиновник","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of познакомился","gloss":"official"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"forms как-то with то, modifies узнал","gloss":"some-"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"forms как-то with как, modifies узнал","gloss":"-how","note":"как-то here means \"somehow\", split by the tagger into two tokens."},{"surface":"узнал","lemma":"узнать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with познакомился","gloss":"had learned"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking трактире","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"трактире","lemma":"трактир","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of узнал","gloss":"the tavern"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes трактире","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of любит","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of чиновник","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"холостой","lemma":"холостой","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies чиновник","gloss":"unmarried"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"весьма","lemma":"весьма","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies достаточный","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"достаточный","lemma":"достаточный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with холостой","gloss":"well-off"},{"surface":"чиновник","lemma":"чиновник","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of любит","gloss":"official"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom до страсти, modifies любит","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"страсти","lemma":"страсть","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom до страсти","gloss":"the point of passion","note":"до страсти is idiomatic for \"passionately\"."},{"surface":"любит","lemma":"любить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of узнал","gloss":"loves"},{"surface":"оружие","lemma":"оружие","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of любит","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"покупает","lemma":"покупать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with любит","gloss":"buys"},{"surface":"пистолеты","lemma":"пистолет","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of покупает","gloss":"pistols"},{"surface":"револьверы","lemma":"револьвер","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with пистолеты","gloss":"revolvers"},{"surface":"кинжалы","lemma":"кинжал","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with пистолеты","gloss":"daggers"},{"surface":"развешивает","lemma":"развешивать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with любит","gloss":"hangs them up"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking себя","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"oblique complement of развешивает","gloss":"his place","note":"у себя idiomatically means \"at his place\"."},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стенам","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"стенам","lemma":"стена","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of развешивает","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"показывает","lemma":"показывать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with любит","gloss":"shows them off"},{"surface":"знакомым","lemma":"знакомый","morphology":"adjective (substantive), dative, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of показывает","gloss":"to acquaintances"},{"surface":"хвалится","lemma":"хвалиться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with любит","gloss":"boasts"},{"surface":"мастер","lemma":"мастер","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate coordinated with любит","gloss":"a master"},{"surface":"растолковать","lemma":"растолковать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"modifies мастер","gloss":"at explaining"},{"surface":"систему","lemma":"система","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of растолковать","gloss":"the workings"},{"surface":"револьвера","lemma":"револьвер","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies систему","gloss":"of a revolver"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of зарядить","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of зарядить","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"зарядить","lemma":"зарядить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of растолковать","gloss":"to load"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of выстрелить","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"выстрелить","lemma":"выстрелить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with зарядить (complement of растолковать)","gloss":"to fire"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"проч","lemma":"прочее","morphology":"abbreviation, particle","role":"coordinated with выстрелить","gloss":"so on","note":"\"и проч.\" is the standard abbreviation for \"и прочее\", \"and so on\"."}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b8-c3-s40","source":"Долго не думая, Митя тотчас к нему отправился и предложил ему взять в заклад пистолеты за десять рублей.","translation":"Without long deliberation Mitya went straight to him and offered to leave the pistols in pledge for ten roubles.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Долго не думая","title":"Negated gerund «не думая»","body":"«не думая» is an imperfective gerund ('without thinking, not stopping to think'), negated by «не»; with «долго» it means 'without long deliberation'. A negated gerund neatly renders English 'without doing X'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"взять в заклад","title":"«взять / отдать в заклад» — to pledge","body":"«заклад» is a pawn-pledge; «взять в заклад» is 'to take in pledge', «отдать/заложить в заклад» 'to pawn'. Mitya offers the pistols «в заклад… за десять рублей» — as security for a ten-rouble loan, not an outright sale."}],"words":[{"surface":"Долго","lemma":"долго","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies думая","gloss":"Long"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies думая","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"думая","lemma":"думать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on отправился","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of отправился","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"тотчас","lemma":"тотчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отправился","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нему","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"нему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of отправился","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"отправился","lemma":"отправиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"предложил","lemma":"предложить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with отправился","gloss":"offered"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of предложил","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"взять","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of предложил","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking заклад","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"заклад","lemma":"заклад","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of взять","gloss":"pledge"},{"surface":"пистолеты","lemma":"пистолет","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of взять","gloss":"the pistols"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking рублей","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"десять","lemma":"десять","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on рублей","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"рублей","lemma":"рубль","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of взять","gloss":"roubles"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b8-c3-s41","source":"Чиновник с радостью стал уговаривать его совсем продать, но Митя не согласился, и тот выдал ему десять рублей, заявив, что процентов не возьмет ни за что.","translation":"The official began with delight to urge him to sell them outright, but Mitya would not agree, and the man handed him the ten roubles, declaring that he would on no account take any interest.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"тот выдал ему десять рублей","title":"Anaphoric «тот» = 'the latter'","body":"«тот» here is not 'that' but the tracking pronoun 'the latter / the other man' — i.e. the official, as opposed to Mitya. Russian uses «тот»/«этот» to keep two male referents distinct where English would repeat the noun or say 'he'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"процентов не возьмет ни за что","title":"Genitive of negation «процентов»","body":"Under the negated future «не возьмёт», the object «проценты» shifts to genitive «процентов» ('would take no interest'), reinforced by «ни за что» ('on no account'). The official's refusal of interest marks him as decent, not a usurer."}],"words":[{"surface":"Чиновник","lemma":"чиновник","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of стал","gloss":"The official"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking радостью","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"радостью","lemma":"радость","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of стал","gloss":"delight"},{"surface":"стал","lemma":"стать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"уговаривать","lemma":"уговаривать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of стал","gloss":"to urge"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of продать","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"совсем","lemma":"совсем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies продать","gloss":"outright"},{"surface":"продать","lemma":"продать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of уговаривать","gloss":"to sell"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of согласился","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies согласился","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"согласился","lemma":"согласиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with стал","gloss":"agreed"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"тот","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of выдал","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"выдал","lemma":"выдать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with стал","gloss":"handed over"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of выдал","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"десять","lemma":"десять","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on рублей","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"рублей","lemma":"рубль","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of выдал","gloss":"roubles"},{"surface":"заявив","lemma":"заявить","morphology":"verb, past, active, converb, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on выдал","gloss":"declaring"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of возьмет","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"процентов","lemma":"процент","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of возьмет","gloss":"interest"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies возьмет","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"возьмет","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of заявив","gloss":"would take"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"not at all"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking что","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of возьмет","gloss":"anything"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b8-c3-s42","source":"Расстались приятелями.","translation":"They parted friends.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Расстались приятелями","title":"Instrumental of the predicate «приятелями»","body":"«расстались приятелями» means 'they parted [as] friends' — the predicate noun «приятелями» takes the instrumental, the case Russian uses for the role or state in which an action leaves its subjects. The subject 'they' is dropped, recoverable from the plural ending."}],"words":[{"surface":"Расстались","lemma":"расстаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"They parted"},{"surface":"приятелями","lemma":"приятель","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Расстались","gloss":"as friends"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b8-c3-s43","source":"Митя спешил, он устремился к Федору Павловичу на зады, в свою беседку, чтобы вызвать поскорее Смердякова.","translation":"Mitya was in a hurry; he rushed off to the back of Fyodor Pavlovich's place, to his arbor, to call Smerdyakov out as quickly as possible.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"на зады, в свою беседку","title":"«зады» and «беседка»","body":"«зады» (plural) are the back parts of a property, the yard or grounds behind the house. A «беседка» is a garden arbor or summerhouse — the very spot from which Mitya means to summon Smerdyakov, a piece of staging that will matter for the night to come."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"чтобы вызвать поскорее Смердякова","title":"Purpose «чтобы» + perfective infinitive","body":"«чтобы вызвать» ('in order to call out'), same subject, hence infinitive. The perfective «вызвать» views the summoning as a single intended accomplishment; «поскорее» ('as quickly as possible') is the comparative urging haste."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of спешил","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"спешил","lemma":"спешить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was in a hurry"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of устремился","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"устремился","lemma":"устремиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with спешил","gloss":"rushed off"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Федору","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Федору","lemma":"фёдор","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of устремился","gloss":"Fyodor"},{"surface":"Павловичу","lemma":"павлович","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Федору","gloss":"Pavlovich's"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking зады","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"зады","lemma":"зад","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of устремился","gloss":"the back"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking беседку","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"свою","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of беседку","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"беседку","lemma":"беседка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with зады","gloss":"arbor"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of вызвать","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"вызвать","lemma":"вызвать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on устремился","gloss":"call out"},{"surface":"поскорее","lemma":"скоро","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies вызвать","gloss":"as quickly as possible"},{"surface":"Смердякова","lemma":"смердяков","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of вызвать","gloss":"Smerdyakov"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b8-c3-s44","source":"Но таким образом опять получился факт, что всего за три, за четыре часа до некоторого приключения, о котором будет мною говорено ниже, у Мити не было ни копейки денег, и он за десять рублей заложил любимую вещь, тогда как вдруг, через три часа, оказались в руках его тысячи… Но я забегаю вперед.","translation":"But in this way there arose once more the fact that, a mere three or four hours before a certain occurrence of which I shall speak below, Mitya had not a kopeck of money and pawned a beloved possession for ten roubles, whereas suddenly, three hours later, thousands turned up in his hands… But I am getting ahead of myself.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"о котором будет мною говорено ниже","title":"Bookish passive «будет мною говорено»","body":"A markedly archaic-literary impersonal passive: short participle «говорено» + future «будет», with the agent in the instrumental «мною» ('of which it shall be spoken by me'). Modern Russian would say «о котором я скажу»; the participial passive lends an old chronicler's solemnity."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не было ни копейки денег","title":"Genitive of absence «ни копейки»","body":"With «не было» the absent thing goes in the genitive: «ни копейки денег» ('not a kopeck of money'), the «ни» intensifying to 'not a single'. This is the existential genitive of negation in full force."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Но я забегаю вперед","title":"«забегать вперёд» — getting ahead of myself","body":"«забегать вперёд» idiomatically means 'to run ahead, anticipate, get ahead of oneself' in narration. The chronicler-narrator's self-interruption is a recurring device by which Dostoevsky's storyteller advertises his own presence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"таким","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of образом","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"образом","lemma":"образ","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of получился","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies получился","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"получился","lemma":"получиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"факт","lemma":"факт","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of получился","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of было","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"всего","lemma":"всего","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies три","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking часа","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on часа","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking часа","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"четыре","lemma":"четыре","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on часа","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"часа","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of было","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking приключения","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"некоторого","lemma":"некоторый","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of приключения","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"приключения","lemma":"приключение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies часа","gloss":"occurrence"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking котором","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"котором","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of говорено","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"будет","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"passive auxiliary of говорено","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"мною","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, singular","role":"oblique complement of говорено","gloss":"by me"},{"surface":"говорено","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, neuter, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause on приключения","gloss":"be spoken"},{"surface":"ниже","lemma":"ниже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies говорено","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Мити","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Мити","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of было","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies было","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause modifying факт","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies копейки","gloss":"not a"},{"surface":"копейки","lemma":"копейка","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"subject of было","gloss":"kopeck"},{"surface":"денег","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"modifies копейки","gloss":"of money"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of заложил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking рублей","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"десять","lemma":"десять","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on рублей","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"рублей","lemma":"рубль","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of заложил","gloss":"roubles"},{"surface":"заложил","lemma":"заложить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with было","gloss":"pawned"},{"surface":"любимую","lemma":"любимый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies вещь","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"вещь","lemma":"вещь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of заложил","gloss":"possession"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of оказались","gloss":"whereas"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase тогда","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies оказались","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"через","lemma":"через","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking часа","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on часа","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"часа","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of оказались","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"оказались","lemma":"оказаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on заложил","gloss":"turned up"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking руках","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"руках","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of оказались","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of тысячи","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of оказались","gloss":"thousands"},{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of забегаю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"забегаю","lemma":"забегать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am getting ahead"},{"surface":"вперед","lemma":"вперёд","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies забегаю","gloss":"of myself"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b8-c3-s45","source":"У Марьи Кондратьевны (соседки Федора Павловича) его ожидало чрезвычайно поразившее и смутившее его известие о болезни Смердякова.","translation":"At the house of Marya Kondratyevna (Fyodor Pavlovich's neighbor) there awaited him a piece of news that astonished and disturbed him exceedingly — news of Smerdyakov's illness.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"его ожидало… известие… о болезни Смердякова","title":"«ожидало» with object «его»","body":"Subject-final word order — «его ожидало… известие» ('there awaited him… news') — fronts the accusative experiencer «его» and delays the new information «известие» to the stressed end. «о болезни» ('about the illness') is «о» + prepositional of topic."}],"words":[{"surface":"У","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Марьи","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"Марьи","lemma":"марья","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ожидало","gloss":"Marya's"},{"surface":"Кондратьевны","lemma":"кондратьевна","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Марьи","gloss":"Kondratyevna"},{"surface":"соседки","lemma":"соседка","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Марьи","gloss":"neighbor"},{"surface":"Федора","lemma":"фёдор","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on соседки","gloss":"of Fyodor"},{"surface":"Павловича","lemma":"павлович","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Федора","gloss":"Pavlovich"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ожидало","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ожидало","lemma":"ожидать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"awaited"},{"surface":"чрезвычайно","lemma":"чрезвычайно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies поразившее","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"поразившее","lemma":"поразить","morphology":"verb, past, active, participle, neuter, singular, nominative, perfective","role":"modifies известие","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"смутившее","lemma":"смутить","morphology":"verb, past, active, participle, neuter, singular, nominative, perfective","role":"coordinated with поразившее","gloss":"confused"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of поразившее","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"известие","lemma":"известие","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ожидало","gloss":"news"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking болезни","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"болезни","lemma":"болезнь","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies известие","gloss":"illness"},{"surface":"Смердякова","lemma":"смердяков","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies болезни","gloss":"Smerdyakov's"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b8-c3-s46","source":"Он выслушал историю о падении в погреб, затем о падучей, приезде доктора, заботах Федора Павловича; с любопытством узнал и о том, что брат Иван Федорович уже укатил давеча утром в Москву.","translation":"He heard out the story of the fall into the cellar, then of the fit, the doctor's coming, Fyodor Pavlovich's anxious care; with curiosity he learned, too, that his brother Ivan Fyodorovich had already driven off that very morning to Moscow.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"о падучей","title":"«падучая» — the falling sickness","body":"«падучая» (short for «падучая болезнь», 'the falling disease') is the old folk-and-period name for epilepsy — Smerdyakov's affliction, central to the plot's alibi. The word literally evokes the fit's collapse, set here beside «падение в погреб» (the fall into the cellar)."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"брат Иван Федорович уже укатил давеча утром в Москву","title":"Perfective «укатил» of departure","body":"«укатил» (perfective, prefix у- = away) is a colloquial, slightly dismissive 'drove off, rolled away' to Moscow. «в Москву» is «в» + accusative for motion-toward. The full name «Иван Фёдорович» gives the brother formal weight."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of выслушал","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"выслушал","lemma":"выслушать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard out"},{"surface":"историю","lemma":"история","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of выслушал","gloss":"the story"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking падении","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"падении","lemma":"падение","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies историю","gloss":"the fall"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking погреб","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"погреб","lemma":"погреб","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies падении","gloss":"the cellar"},{"surface":"затем","lemma":"затем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies падучей","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking падучей","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"падучей","lemma":"падучая","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with падении","gloss":"the fit"},{"surface":"приезде","lemma":"приезд","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with падении","gloss":"the coming"},{"surface":"доктора","lemma":"доктор","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies приезде","gloss":"of the doctor"},{"surface":"заботах","lemma":"забота","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with падении","gloss":"the cares"},{"surface":"Федора","lemma":"фёдор","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies заботах","gloss":"of Fyodor"},{"surface":"Павловича","lemma":"павлович","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Федора","gloss":"Pavlovich"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking любопытством","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"любопытством","lemma":"любопытство","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of узнал","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"узнал","lemma":"узнать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with выслушал","gloss":"learned"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies узнал","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking том","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"том","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of узнал","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of укатил","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"брат","lemma":"брат","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of укатил","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"Иван","lemma":"иван","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to брат","gloss":"Ivan"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Иван","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies укатил","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"укатил","lemma":"укатить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the clause modifying том","gloss":"had driven off"},{"surface":"давеча","lemma":"давеча","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies укатил","gloss":"that very morning"},{"surface":"утром","lemma":"утро","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of укатил","gloss":"in the morning"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Москву","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Москву","lemma":"москва","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of укатил","gloss":"Moscow"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b8-c3-s47","source":"«Должно быть, раньше меня проехал через Воловью, — подумал Дмитрий Федорович, но Смердяков его беспокоил ужасно: — Как же теперь, кто сторожить будет, кто мне передаст?»","translation":"\"He must have driven through Volovya before me\", thought Dmitri Fyodorovich, but Smerdyakov troubled him terribly: \"How is it now — who will keep watch, who will bring me word?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"кто сторожить будет, кто мне передаст?","title":"Compound vs simple future contrast","body":"Two futures side by side: imperfective compound «сторожить будет» ('who will [keep] watching', ongoing) versus perfective simple «передаст» ('who will bring me word', one delivery). The pairing exactly shows aspect choosing the tense form."}],"words":[{"surface":"Должно","lemma":"должно","morphology":"modal predicate word, neuter","role":"modal parenthetical modifying проехал","gloss":"He must"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of Должно","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"раньше","lemma":"рано","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies проехал","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of раньше","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"проехал","lemma":"проехать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"driven through"},{"surface":"через","lemma":"через","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Воловью","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"Воловью","lemma":"воловья","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of проехал","gloss":"Volovya"},{"surface":"подумал","lemma":"подумать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"parallel clause to проехал","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of подумал","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Смердяков","lemma":"смердяков","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of беспокоил","gloss":"Smerdyakov"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of беспокоил","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"беспокоил","lemma":"беспокоить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with проехал","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"ужасно","lemma":"ужасно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies беспокоил","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"Как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Как","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Как","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"кто","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of сторожить","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"сторожить","lemma":"сторожить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to беспокоил","gloss":"keep watch"},{"surface":"будет","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"auxiliary of сторожить","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"кто","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of передаст","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of передаст","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"передаст","lemma":"передать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with сторожить","gloss":"will bring word"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b8-c3-s48","source":"С жадностью начал он расспрашивать этих женщин, не заметили ль они чего вчера вечером?","translation":"Eagerly he began to question these women: had they not noticed anything the evening before?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не заметили ль они чего вчера вечером","title":"Reduced «ль» + genitive «чего»","body":"«ль» is the clipped, poetic-colloquial form of «ли», marking the indirect question 'whether they had noticed anything'. The object «чего» is the genitive of «что» under negation ('anything at all'). «С жадностью» — 'with avidity, eagerly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"С","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking жадностью","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"жадностью","lemma":"жадность","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of начал","gloss":"eagerness"},{"surface":"начал","lemma":"начать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of начал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"расспрашивать","lemma":"расспрашивать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of начал","gloss":"to question"},{"surface":"этих","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of женщин","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"женщин","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of расспрашивать","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies заметили","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"заметили","lemma":"заметить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"parallel clause to начал","gloss":"had noticed"},{"surface":"ль","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies заметили","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"они","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of заметили","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of заметили","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вечером","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"вечером","lemma":"вечер","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of заметили","gloss":"evening"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b8-c3-s49","source":"Те очень хорошо понимали, о чем он разузнает, и разуверили его вполне: никого не было, ночевал Иван Федорович, «всё было в совершенном порядке».","translation":"They understood very well what he was trying to find out, and reassured him completely: no one had come, Ivan Fyodorovich had spent the night, \"everything had been in perfect order\".","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Те очень хорошо понимали","title":"Anaphoric «те» = 'those women'","body":"«Те» (nom. plural of «тот») picks up the previously mentioned women — 'those [women], for their part'. Demonstratives so used carry the topic forward without repeating «женщины», a key device of Russian's free word order."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"никого не было","title":"«никого не было» — genitive + concord","body":"«никого не было» ('no one had been [there]'): the negated existential «не было» takes the genitive «никого», and the negative pronoun «никто» still pairs with «не» — the obligatory double negation of Russian."}],"words":[{"surface":"Те","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"subject of понимали","gloss":"They"},{"surface":"очень","lemma":"очень","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies хорошо","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"хорошо","lemma":"хорошо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies понимали","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"понимали","lemma":"понимать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чем","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of разузнает","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of разузнает","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"разузнает","lemma":"разузнавать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of понимали","gloss":"was trying to find out"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"разуверили","lemma":"разуверить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with понимали","gloss":"reassured"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of разуверили","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"вполне","lemma":"вполне","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies разуверили","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"никого","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"subject of было","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies было","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to разуверили","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"ночевал","lemma":"ночевать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with было","gloss":"had spent the night"},{"surface":"Иван","lemma":"иван","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ночевал","gloss":"Ivan"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Иван","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of было","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to порядке","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking порядке","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"совершенном","lemma":"совершенный","morphology":"adjective, locative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies порядке","gloss":"perfect"},{"surface":"порядке","lemma":"порядок","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of было","gloss":"order"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b8-c3-s50","source":"Митя задумался.","translation":"Mitya fell to thinking.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Митя задумался","title":"Inceptive reflexive «задумался»","body":"«задумался» (perfective reflexive, prefix за- + -ся) marks the onset of a state — 'fell to thinking, sank into thought'. The «за-…-ся» pattern of entering a mental state is very common (заслушался, засмотрелся)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of задумался","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"задумался","lemma":"задуматься","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell to thinking"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b8-c3-s51","source":"Без сомнения, надо и сегодня караулить, но где: здесь или у ворот Самсонова?","translation":"Beyond doubt he must keep watch today as well, but where: here, or at Samsonov's gate?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"надо и сегодня караулить","title":"Impersonal «надо» + emphatic «и»","body":"«надо… караулить» is the impersonal of necessity ('one must keep watch'); the particle «и» before «сегодня» means 'today too / today as well'. «караулить» is the imperfective of standing guard, watching over."}],"words":[{"surface":"Без","lemma":"без","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking сомнения","gloss":"Without"},{"surface":"сомнения","lemma":"сомнение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of надо","gloss":"doubt"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies сегодня","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"сегодня","lemma":"сегодня","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies караулить","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"караулить","lemma":"караулить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"keep watch"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"где","lemma":"где","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with караулить","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"здесь","lemma":"здесь","morphology":"adverb","role":"parallel clause to где","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"или","lemma":"или","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ворот","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ворот","lemma":"ворота","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with здесь","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"Самсонова","lemma":"самсонов","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ворот","gloss":"Samsonov's"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b8-c3-s52","source":"Он решил, что и здесь и там, всё по усмотрению, а пока, пока…","translation":"He decided both here and there, all as circumstances dictated, but meanwhile, meanwhile…","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"всё по усмотрению","title":"«по усмотрению» — as one sees fit","body":"«по усмотрению» («по» + dative) means 'at one's discretion, as circumstances dictate'. Mitya leaves the choice of where to watch open, to be decided on the spot — characteristically improvising rather than planning."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of решил","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"решил","lemma":"решить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of здесь","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies здесь","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"здесь","lemma":"здесь","morphology":"adverb","role":"clausal complement of решил","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"там","lemma":"там","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with здесь","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with здесь","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking усмотрению","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"усмотрению","lemma":"усмотрение","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of всё","gloss":"discretion dictated"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"пока","lemma":"пока","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with здесь","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"пока","lemma":"пока","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with здесь","gloss":"meanwhile"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b8-c3-s53","source":"Дело в том, что теперь стоял пред ним этот «план», давешний, новый и уже верный план, выдуманный им на телеге и откладывать исполнение которого было уже невозможно.","translation":"The thing was that there now stood before him this \"plan\" — the one from earlier, the new and by now reliable plan, conceived by him on the cart, whose execution could no longer be put off.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"выдуманный им на телеге","title":"Past passive participle «выдуманный»","body":"«выдуманный» is the past passive participle of «выдумать» (to think up): 'the plan thought up BY him'. The agent stands in the instrumental «им». Stacked attributes «давешний, новый и… верный» pile description onto the «план»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"откладывать исполнение которого было… невозможно","title":"Relative «которого» as genitive object","body":"«исполнение которого» means 'the execution OF which' — «который» in the genitive, possessing «исполнение», then the whole infinitive phrase «откладывать… было невозможно» is the impersonal predicate. A dense, bookish relative construction."}],"words":[{"surface":"Дело","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of том","gloss":"The thing"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking том","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"том","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of стоял","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies стоял","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"стоял","lemma":"стоять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"clause modifying том","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"пред","lemma":"пред","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ним","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ним","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of стоял","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of план","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"план","lemma":"план","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of стоял","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"давешний","lemma":"давешний","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with план","gloss":"from before"},{"surface":"новый","lemma":"новый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with план","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies верный","gloss":"by now"},{"surface":"верный","lemma":"верный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies план","gloss":"reliable"},{"surface":"план","lemma":"план","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to план","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"выдуманный","lemma":"выдумать","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, masculine, singular, nominative, perfective","role":"clause modifying план","gloss":"conceived"},{"surface":"им","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"agent of выдуманный","gloss":"by him"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking телеге","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"телеге","lemma":"телега","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of выдуманный","gloss":"the cart"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"откладывать","lemma":"откладывать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on невозможно","gloss":"put off"},{"surface":"исполнение","lemma":"исполнение","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of откладывать","gloss":"the execution"},{"surface":"которого","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies исполнение","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to невозможно","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies невозможно","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"невозможно","lemma":"невозможный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with стоял","gloss":"impossible"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b8-c3-s54","source":"Митя решил пожертвовать на это час: «в час всё порешу, всё узнаю и тогда, тогда, во-первых, в дом к Самсонову, справлюсь, там ли Грушенька, и мигом обратно сюда, и до одиннадцати часов здесь, а потом опять за ней к Самсонову, чтобы проводить ее обратно домой».","translation":"Mitya resolved to give an hour to it: \"in an hour I'll settle everything, find everything out, and then, then — first, to Samsonov's house, to ask whether Grushenka is there, and back here in a flash, and stay here till eleven o'clock, and then off again for her at Samsonov's, to walk her home\".","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"в час всё порешу, всё узнаю","title":"Perfective futures of resolve","body":"Mitya's inner speech runs on perfective futures — «порешу» (I'll settle), «узнаю» (I'll find out), «справлюсь» (I'll inquire) — each a single completed act he plans. «порешить» is a colloquial perfective intensified by по-."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"чтобы проводить ее обратно домой","title":"Purpose «чтобы» closing the plan","body":"The plan loops back to the same errand promised earlier: «чтобы проводить её обратно домой» ('to walk her home again'), same subject, infinitive. The echo of «проводить… домой» frames Mitya's whole frantic day around escorting Grushenka."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of решил","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"решил","lemma":"решить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"resolved"},{"surface":"пожертвовать","lemma":"пожертвовать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of решил","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking это","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of пожертвовать","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"час","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of пожертвовать","gloss":"an hour"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking час","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"час","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial time complement of порешу","gloss":"an hour"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of порешу","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"порешу","lemma":"порешить","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"verb of the quoted clause (implied subject я), coordinated with узнаю","gloss":"I'll settle"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of узнаю","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"узнаю","lemma":"узнать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with порешу","gloss":"I'll find out"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the following list of actions","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with тогда, repeated for emphasis","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"во","lemma":"во-первых","morphology":"adverb (part of the fixed phrase во-первых)","role":"modifies справлюсь","gloss":"first","note":"во-первых is one fixed phrase meaning 'first of all'; the parser split it into two tokens."},{"surface":"первых","lemma":"во-первых","morphology":"adverb (part of the fixed phrase во-первых)","role":"modifies справлюсь","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking дом","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"дом","lemma":"дом","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"directional complement of справлюсь","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Самсонову","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Самсонову","lemma":"самсонов","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies дом","gloss":"Samsonov's"},{"surface":"справлюсь","lemma":"справиться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, first, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with порешу","gloss":"I'll ask"},{"surface":"там","lemma":"там","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate of the embedded question, complement of справлюсь","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies там","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"Грушенька","lemma":"грушенька","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of там","gloss":"Grushenka"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"мигом","lemma":"миг","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular (used adverbially)","role":"modifies the implied return verb","gloss":"in a flash"},{"surface":"обратно","lemma":"обратно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the implied return verb, coordinated with мигом","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"сюда","lemma":"сюда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the implied return verb, coordinated with мигом","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking часов","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"одиннадцати","lemma":"одиннадцать","morphology":"numeral, genitive","role":"quantifies часов","gloss":"eleven"},{"surface":"часов","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"modifies the implied verb (stay until eleven)","gloss":"o'clock"},{"surface":"здесь","lemma":"здесь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the implied verb, coordinated with часов","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"потом","lemma":"потом","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the implied verb (пойду опять за ней)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the implied verb, coordinated with потом","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of за","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Самсонову","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Самсонову","lemma":"самсонов","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies the implied verb (at Samsonov's)","gloss":"Samsonov's"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of проводить","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"проводить","lemma":"проводить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"purpose clause, modifies the implied return-for-her verb","gloss":"walk (her)"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of проводить","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"обратно","lemma":"обратно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies проводить","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"домой","lemma":"домой","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies проводить","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b8-c3-s55","source":"Вот как он решил.","translation":"That was how he decided it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Вот как он решил","title":"Deictic «вот» + «как»","body":"«Вот как» ('this is how / there, that's how') is a presentational deictic, pointing back at the just-reported plan to wrap it up. «вот» has no exact English equivalent — it stages the conclusion as if gesturing at it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies как","gloss":"that's"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of решил","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of решил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"решил","lemma":"решить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"decided"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b8-c3-s56","source":"Он полетел домой, умылся, причесался, вычистил платье, оделся и отправился к госпоже Хохлаковой.","translation":"He flew home, washed, combed his hair, brushed his clothes, dressed, and set off to Madame Hohlakov's.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"полетел домой, умылся, причесался, вычистил платье, оделся и отправился","title":"Chain of perfectives = rapid sequence","body":"A breathless string of perfective pasts — «полетел, умылся, причесался, вычистил, оделся, отправился» — each a completed act clicking forward one after another, mirroring Mitya's haste. Several are reflexive -ся verbs of self-grooming (умылся, причесался, оделся)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of полетел","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"полетел","lemma":"полететь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"домой","lemma":"домой","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies полетел","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"умылся","lemma":"умыться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with полетел","gloss":"washed"},{"surface":"причесался","lemma":"причесаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with полетел","gloss":"combed his hair"},{"surface":"вычистил","lemma":"вычистить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with полетел","gloss":"brushed"},{"surface":"платье","lemma":"платье","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of вычистил","gloss":"his clothes"},{"surface":"оделся","lemma":"одеться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with полетел","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"отправился","lemma":"отправиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with полетел","gloss":"set off"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking госпоже","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"госпоже","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of отправился","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлаковой","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпоже","gloss":"Hohlakov"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b8-c3-s57","source":"Увы, «план» его был тут.","translation":"Alas, his \"plan\" lay there.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Увы","title":"«увы» — alas","body":"«увы» is the literary interjection of lament, 'alas'. The narrator's sigh signals to the reader that Mitya's confident 'plan' is doomed before the scene even begins — dramatic irony in a single word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Увы","lemma":"увы","morphology":"interjection","role":"parenthetical exclamation to the main clause","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"план","lemma":"план","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of был","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"его","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular (possessive)","role":"modifies план","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"был","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking план to тут","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate of the sentence","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b8-c3-s58","source":"Он решился занять три тысячи у этой дамы.","translation":"He had made up his mind to borrow three thousand from this lady.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"три тысячи у этой дамы","title":"«занять у» + genitive of the lender","body":"«занять… у этой дамы» means 'to borrow… FROM this lady', with the source in «у» + genitive («у этой дамы»). Russian distinguishes «занять у» (borrow from) from «одолжить» (lend) by this very preposition."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of решился","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"решился","lemma":"решиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had made up his mind"},{"surface":"занять","lemma":"занять","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of решился","gloss":"to borrow"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of занять","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking дамы","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of дамы","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"дамы","lemma":"дама","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of занять","gloss":"lady"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b8-c3-s59","source":"И главное, у него вдруг, как-то внезапно, явилась необыкновенная уверенность, что она ему не откажет.","translation":"And the chief thing was that, suddenly, somehow all at once, an extraordinary certainty had come over him that she would not refuse him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"у него вдруг… явилась необыкновенная уверенность","title":"«у него явилась» — a feeling arose 'at him'","body":"«у него… явилась уверенность» frames the certainty as something that arose 'at / in' Mitya — «у» + genitive of the person, with the feeling as grammatical subject. The reflexive «явиться» ('to appear, come over one') is the natural verb for an emotion welling up."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"что она ему не откажет","title":"«отказать» + dative «ему»","body":"«отказать» ('to refuse') governs the dative of the person refused — «не откажет ему» ('would not refuse him'). The perfective future «откажет» frames the imagined refusal as a single act that Mitya is sure will not come."}],"words":[{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"главное","lemma":"главное","morphology":"noun (substantive adjective), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"parenthetical, modifies the whole clause","gloss":"the main thing"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking него","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"него","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of явилась","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies явилась","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как-то","morphology":"adverb (part of the fixed phrase как-то)","role":"modifies внезапно","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"как-то","morphology":"adverb (part of the fixed phrase как-то)","role":"modifies внезапно","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"внезапно","lemma":"внезапно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies явилась, coordinated with вдруг","gloss":"all at once"},{"surface":"явилась","lemma":"явиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had come over him"},{"surface":"необыкновенная","lemma":"необыкновенный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies уверенность","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"уверенность","lemma":"уверенность","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of явилась","gloss":"certainty"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of откажет","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of откажет","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of откажет","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies откажет","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"откажет","lemma":"отказать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"content clause complement of уверенность","gloss":"would refuse"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b8-c3-s60","source":"Может быть, подивятся тому, что если была такая уверенность, то почему же он заранее не пошел сюда, так сказать в свое общество, а направился к Самсонову, человеку склада чужого, с которым он даже и не знал, как говорить.","translation":"It may be wondered why, if he had such certainty, he had not gone there first — into his own circle, so to speak — but had headed for Samsonov, a man of an alien stamp, with whom he did not even know how to talk.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Может быть, подивятся тому, что… почему же","title":"Impersonal plural + «же» in the question","body":"«подивятся» is an indefinite third-person plural ('people may wonder, it may be wondered'), a subjectless device for a general 'one'. The embedded «почему же» carries the insistent particle «же» — 'why on earth, if he was so sure…'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"человеку склада чужого","title":"«склад чужой» — an alien cast of mind","body":"«склад» here is a person's make-up, cast, or stamp of character; «человек склада чужого» (genitive «чужого склада», inverted for weight) is 'a man of an alien stamp'. Samsonov belongs to the merchant world, foreign to the gentleman Mitya — hence he 'did not even know how to talk' with him."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"в свое общество","title":"Reflexive possessive «своё»","body":"«своё общество» ('his own circle / set') uses the reflexive possessive «свой», pointing back to the clause's subject (Mitya) — 'his own', as opposed to someone else's. Choosing «своё» over «его» keeps the ownership firmly with the subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"Может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective (part of the fixed phrase может быть)","role":"modifies подивятся","gloss":"it may"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of Может","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"подивятся","lemma":"подивиться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, third, plural, perfective (impersonal)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be wondered"},{"surface":"тому","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"indirect object of подивятся","gloss":"at that"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of пошел","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of была","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on пошел","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"такая","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of уверенность","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"уверенность","lemma":"уверенность","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of была","gloss":"certainty"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"correlative particle","role":"introduces the main clause of пошел","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies пошел","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies почему","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of пошел","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"заранее","lemma":"заранее","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies пошел","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies пошел","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"пошел","lemma":"пойти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clause modifying тому","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"сюда","lemma":"сюда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies пошел","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так сказать","morphology":"adverb (part of the fixed phrase так сказать)","role":"parenthetical, modifies свое общество","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"сказать","lemma":"так сказать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective (part of the fixed phrase так сказать)","role":"parenthetical, modifies свое общество","gloss":"speak","note":"так сказать is a fixed parenthetical meaning 'so to speak'."},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking общество","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"свое","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies общество","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"общество","lemma":"общество","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of пошел (destination)","gloss":"circle"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"направился","lemma":"направиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with пошел","gloss":"headed"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Самсонову","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Самсонову","lemma":"самсонов","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of направился","gloss":"Samsonov"},{"surface":"человеку","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Самсонову","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"склада","lemma":"склад","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies человеку","gloss":"of a stamp"},{"surface":"чужого","lemma":"чужой","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies склада","gloss":"alien"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking которым","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"которым","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"relative pronoun referring to человеку, object of с","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of знал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знал","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знал, reinforcing даже","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знал","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"знал","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"verb of the relative clause on человеку","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies говорить","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"говорить","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of знал","gloss":"to talk"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b8-c3-s61","source":"Но дело в том, что с Хохлаковой он в последний месяц совсем почти раззнакомился, да и прежде знаком был мало и, сверх того, очень знал, что и сама она его терпеть не может.","translation":"But the thing was that with Madame Hohlakov he had in the past month all but broken off acquaintance entirely, and even before then had known her little, and, what is more, knew very well that she herself could not abide him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"раззнакомился","title":"«раззнакомиться» — to break off acquaintance","body":"The prefix раз- here means 'un-/apart', undoing the acquaintance held in «знакомиться» (to get acquainted): so «раззнакомиться» is to drop someone, to let an acquaintance lapse. The «-ся» makes it reflexive/reciprocal — the relationship dissolves between the two of them."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"терпеть не может","title":"«терпеть не может» — cannot abide","body":"A fixed idiom built on negated «не может» plus the infinitive «терпеть» (to endure): literally 'cannot endure (him)', i.e. can't stand him. The «не» negates the modal «может», the standard way Russian frames inability."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"сверх того","title":"«сверх того» — what is more","body":"A bookish connective, literally 'over and above that', adding a further point: 'and, what is more…'. «сверх» governs the genitive «того», a small relic of its prepositional force."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"дело","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of том","gloss":"the thing"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking том","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"том","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate of the sentence","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of раззнакомился","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Хохлаковой","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Хохлаковой","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of раззнакомился","gloss":"Madame Hohlakov"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of раззнакомился","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking месяц","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"последний","lemma":"последний","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of раззнакомился","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"совсем","lemma":"совсем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies почти","gloss":"entirely"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies раззнакомился","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"раззнакомился","lemma":"раззнакомиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"content clause of том","gloss":"had broken off touch"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"conjunction (part of the fixed phrase да и)","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction (part of the fixed phrase да и)","role":"part of the phrase да и","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"прежде","lemma":"прежде","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знаком","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"знаком","lemma":"знакомый","morphology":"adjective, short form, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with раззнакомился","gloss":"acquainted"},{"surface":"был","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to мало","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"мало","lemma":"мало","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знаком","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"сверх","lemma":"сверх","morphology":"preposition (part of the fixed phrase сверх того)","role":"preposition marking того","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular (part of the fixed phrase сверх того)","role":"modifies знал","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"очень","lemma":"очень","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знал","gloss":"very well"},{"surface":"знал","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with раззнакомился","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of может","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies сама","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"сама","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies она","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of может","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of терпеть","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"терпеть","lemma":"терпеть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of может","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies может","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of знал","gloss":"can"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b8-c3-s62","source":"Эта дама возненавидела его с самого начала просто за то, что он жених Катерины Ивановны, тогда как ей почему-то вдруг захотелось, чтобы Катерина Ивановна его бросила и вышла замуж за «милого, рыцарски образованного Ивана Федоровича, у которого такие прекрасные манеры».","translation":"This lady had detested him from the very start, simply because he was the betrothed of Katerina Ivanovna, whereas for some reason she had suddenly taken it into her head to wish that Katerina Ivanovna would throw him over and marry \"the dear, chivalrously cultivated Ivan Fyodorovich, who has such excellent manners\".","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"возненавидела","title":"«возненавидеть» — to come to hate","body":"The perfective prefix воз- on «ненавидеть» (to hate) marks the inception — the moment she conceived a hatred, 'took to hating him'. Compare «полюбить» (to fall in love), where a prefix likewise turns a state-verb into the entering of that state."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"ей почему-то вдруг захотелось, чтобы","title":"Dative experiencer with «захотелось»","body":"«ей… захотелось» is impersonal: there is no nominative subject, the person who desires stands in the dative «ей», and the reflexive «захотелось» means roughly 'a wish came over her'. The «чтобы»-clause that follows takes a past-tense verb («бросила… вышла»), the willed/irrealis pattern after verbs of wishing."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"вышла замуж за","title":"«выйти замуж за» — (of a woman) to marry","body":"Russian splits 'to marry' by gender: a woman «выходит замуж за» someone (literally 'goes out behind a husband'), while a man «женится на» someone. The «за» here takes the accusative «Ивана Федоровича»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Эта","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of дама","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"дама","lemma":"дама","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of возненавидела","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"возненавидела","lemma":"возненавидеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had detested"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of возненавидела","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking начала","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"самого","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies начала","gloss":"the very"},{"surface":"начала","lemma":"начало","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of возненавидела","gloss":"start"},{"surface":"просто","lemma":"просто","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"simply"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking то","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of возненавидела","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of жених","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of жених","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"жених","lemma":"жених","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"content clause of то (predicate noun)","gloss":"the betrothed"},{"surface":"Катерины","lemma":"катерина","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies жених","gloss":"Katerina's"},{"surface":"Ивановны","lemma":"ивановна","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Катерины","gloss":"Ivanovna"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда как","morphology":"adverb (part of the fixed phrase тогда как)","role":"introduces the contrastive clause of захотелось","gloss":"whereas","note":"тогда как is a fixed conjunction meaning 'whereas/while'."},{"surface":"как","lemma":"тогда как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction (part of the fixed phrase тогда как)","role":"part of the phrase тогда как","gloss":"whereas"},{"surface":"ей","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of захотелось","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"почему","lemma":"почему-то","morphology":"adverb (part of the fixed phrase почему-то)","role":"modifies захотелось","gloss":"for some"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"почему-то","morphology":"adverb (part of the fixed phrase почему-то)","role":"modifies захотелось","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies захотелось","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"захотелось","lemma":"захотеться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the contrastive clause","gloss":"she took it into her head"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of бросила","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Катерина","lemma":"катерина","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of бросила","gloss":"Katerina"},{"surface":"Ивановна","lemma":"ивановна","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Катерина","gloss":"Ivanovna"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of бросила","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"бросила","lemma":"бросить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of захотелось","gloss":"throw over"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вышла","lemma":"выйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with бросила","gloss":"married"},{"surface":"замуж","lemma":"замуж","morphology":"adverb (part of the fixed phrase выйти замуж)","role":"modifies вышла","gloss":"married"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ивана","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"милого","lemma":"милый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Ивана","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"рыцарски","lemma":"рыцарски","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies образованного","gloss":"chivalrously"},{"surface":"образованного","lemma":"образованный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with милого","gloss":"cultivated"},{"surface":"Ивана","lemma":"иван","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of за (marriage target)","gloss":"Ivan"},{"surface":"Федоровича","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Ивана","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking которого","gloss":"who has"},{"surface":"которого","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"relative pronoun referring to Ивана, object of у (possessive: who has)","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"такие","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of манеры","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"прекрасные","lemma":"прекрасный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies манеры","gloss":"excellent"},{"surface":"манеры","lemma":"манера","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of the implied есть (possessive construction with у которого)","gloss":"manners"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b8-c3-s63","source":"Манеры же Мити она ненавидела.","translation":"Mitya's manners she hated.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Манеры же Мити она ненавидела.","title":"Fronted object and the particle «же»","body":"The object «манеры Мити» (Mitya's manners) is thrown to the front for contrast with the previous sentence's praise of Ivan, and the particle «же» marks exactly that pivot — 'Mitya's manners, on the other hand, she hated'. Free word order plus «же» does the work English needs intonation or 'as for…' to convey."}],"words":[{"surface":"Манеры","lemma":"манера","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of ненавидела (fronted for emphasis)","gloss":"manners"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Манеры","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"Мити","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"possessive modifier of Манеры","gloss":"Mitya's"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ненавидела","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ненавидела","lemma":"ненавидеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hated"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b8-c3-s64","source":"Митя даже смеялся над ней и раз как-то выразился про нее, что эта дама «настолько жива и развязна, насколько необразованна».","translation":"Mitya even laughed at her, and once expressed himself about her to the effect that this lady was \"as lively and unbuttoned as she is uneducated\".","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"смеялся над ней","title":"«смеяться над» + instrumental — to laugh at","body":"'To mock/laugh at someone' is «смеяться над» plus the instrumental («над ней»). The preposition «над» (over) governs the instrumental, and the imperfective «смеялся» frames it as habitual — he kept making fun of her."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"развязна","title":"«развязный» — unbuttoned, over-familiar","body":"Here a short-form adjective «развязна». «развязный» literally 'untied/loosed' describes a free, unconstrained, even brazenly familiar manner — not quite a compliment. Mitya's witticism pairs it with «необразованна» (uneducated) in a «настолько… насколько» ('as… as') frame."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"настолько жива и развязна, насколько необразованна","title":"Short adjectives in the «настолько… насколько» frame","body":"«жива, развязна, необразованна» are all short-form (predicative) adjectives, the bookish form used after the copula and favoured in epigrammatic balance. The correlative pair «настолько… насколько» ('to such a degree as…') sets up Mitya's barbed proportion."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of смеялся","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies смеялся","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"смеялся","lemma":"смеяться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"над","lemma":"над","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of смеялся","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of выразился","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как-то","morphology":"adverb (part of the fixed phrase как-то)","role":"modifies выразился","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"как-то","morphology":"adverb (part of the fixed phrase как-то)","role":"modifies выразился","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"выразился","lemma":"выразиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with смеялся","gloss":"expressed himself"},{"surface":"про","lemma":"про","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нее","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"нее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of выразился","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of жива","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"эта","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of дама","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"дама","lemma":"дама","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of жива","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"настолько","lemma":"настолько","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies жива","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"жива","lemma":"живой","morphology":"adjective, short form, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of выразился","gloss":"lively"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"развязна","lemma":"развязный","morphology":"adjective, short form, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with жива","gloss":"free and easy"},{"surface":"насколько","lemma":"насколько","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies необразованна","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"необразованна","lemma":"необразованный","morphology":"adjective, short form, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on жива","gloss":"uneducated"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b8-c3-s65","source":"И вот давеча утром, на телеге, его озарила самая яркая мысль: «Да если уж она так не хочет, чтоб я женился на Катерине Ивановне, и не хочет до такой степени (он знал, что почти до истерики), то почему бы ей отказать мне теперь в этих трех тысячах, именно для того, чтоб я на эти деньги мог, оставив Катю, укатить навеки отсюдова?","translation":"And then that very morning, on the cart, the brightest of thoughts had lit up in him: \"Why, if she is so set against my marrying Katerina Ivanovna, and set against it to such a degree (he knew it was almost to the point of hysterics), then why should she refuse me these three thousand now, precisely so that with that money I might leave Katya and clear out of here forever?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"давеча","title":"«давеча» — a while ago, earlier today","body":"A colloquial, folksy adverb meaning 'earlier (today), just a while back'. It belongs to the spoken, slightly old-fashioned register and is frequent in Dostoevsky's narration of recent events."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"озарила","title":"«озарить» — to illumine, light up","body":"«озарить» literally 'to flood with light'; used of a thought it means a sudden brilliant idea 'lit up' in him — «его озарила… мысль». The perfective captures the flash of inspiration in a single stroke."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"почему бы ей отказать мне","title":"«почему бы» + dative + infinitive — 'why should…'","body":"The particle «бы» plus an infinitive and a dative agent («ей… отказать») forms a hypothetical, deliberative question: 'why should she refuse me?' The dative «ей» names the one who would act; «бы» supplies the conditional, would-be coloring."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"чтоб я… мог, оставив Катю, укатить навеки отсюдова","title":"Gerund «оставив» — 'having left Katya'","body":"«оставив» is a perfective past gerund (деепричастие) from «оставить» (to leave): 'having left/leaving Katya'. It shares the subject of the main clause (Mitya) and compresses a prior action into a single adverbial, a hallmark of literary narration. Note the dialect-flavored «отсюдова» for standard «отсюда» (from here)."}],"words":[{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies давеча","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"давеча","lemma":"давеча","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies озарила","gloss":"that very"},{"surface":"утром","lemma":"утро","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular (used adverbially)","role":"modifies озарила, coordinated with давеча","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking телеге","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"телеге","lemma":"телега","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies озарила (locative adverbial)","gloss":"the cart"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of озарила","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"озарила","lemma":"озарить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had lit up in"},{"surface":"самая","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular (superlative particle)","role":"modifies яркая","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"яркая","lemma":"яркий","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies мысль","gloss":"brightest"},{"surface":"мысль","lemma":"мысль","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of озарила","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the quoted clause","gloss":"why","note":"Да here is an interjection opening the interior monologue ('Why,'), not the affirmative 'yes'."},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of хочет","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies хочет","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of хочет","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies хочет","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies хочет","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"хочет","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"verb of the если-clause, conditions the main clause (то...отказать)","gloss":"is against"},{"surface":"чтоб","lemma":"чтоб","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of женился","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of женился","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"женился","lemma":"жениться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of хочет","gloss":"marry"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Катерине","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Катерине","lemma":"катерина","morphology":"proper noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of женился","gloss":"Katerina"},{"surface":"Ивановне","lemma":"ивановна","morphology":"proper noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Катерине","gloss":"Ivanovna"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies хочет","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"хочет","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with the first хочет","gloss":"is against"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking степени","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"такой","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of степени","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"степени","lemma":"степень","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of хочет","gloss":"a degree"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of знал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"знал","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of истерики","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies истерики","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking истерики","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"истерики","lemma":"истерика","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of знал","gloss":"hysterics"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"correlative particle","role":"introduces the main clause of отказать","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отказать","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"conditional particle","role":"marks the conditional mood of отказать","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ей","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"dative logical subject of отказать (impersonal бы-construction)","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"отказать","lemma":"отказать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"main verb of the clause (impersonal бы-construction)","gloss":"refuse"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of отказать","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отказать","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тысячах","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"этих","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, locative, plural","role":"determiner of трех","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, locative","role":"quantifies тысячах","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячах","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of отказать","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies того","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition (part of the fixed phrase для того, чтоб)","role":"preposition marking того","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular (part of the fixed phrase для того, чтоб)","role":"purpose adjunct of отказать","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"чтоб","lemma":"чтоб","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of мог","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of мог","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking деньги","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of деньги","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of мог","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"мог","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"content clause of того","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"оставив","lemma":"оставить","morphology":"verb, past, active, converb, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on мог","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"Катю","lemma":"катя","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of оставив","gloss":"Katya"},{"surface":"укатить","lemma":"укатить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of мог","gloss":"clear out"},{"surface":"навеки","lemma":"навеки","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies укатить","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"отсюдова","lemma":"отсюда","morphology":"adverb (colloquial/dialectal)","role":"modifies укатить (place adverbial, coordinate with навеки, not with навеки itself)","gloss":"from here","note":"Colloquial/dialectal variant of отсюда ('from here')."}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b8-c3-s66","source":"Эти избалованные высшие дамы, если уж захотят чего до капризу, то уж ничего не щадят, чтобы вышло по-ихнему.","translation":"These pampered ladies of the upper world, once they take a whim into their heads, will spare nothing to have it turn out their way.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"до капризу","title":"«до капризу» — to the point of a whim","body":"«до» + genitive marks the extent: '(if they want something) to the pitch of a caprice'. The ending «-у» (rather than «-а») is an old partitive/colloquial genitive on «каприз», a flavour of spoken 19th-c. Russian."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"ничего не щадят","title":"Negative concord: «ничего не щадят»","body":"'They spare nothing' uses two negatives at once — the negative pronoun «ничего» (genitive of «ничто») and the negated verb «не щадят» — Russian's obligatory negative concord, where the verb keeps «не» even alongside an «ни»-word. The genitive «ничего» is also the genitive of a negated object."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"по-ихнему","title":"«по-ихнему» — their way","body":"«по-…-ему» builds an adverb of manner ('in X's way'). «ихний» is the colloquial, sub-standard possessive for «их» (their), so «по-ихнему» ('their way') carries a folksy, uneducated coloring — fitting for Mitya's free indirect rumination."}],"words":[{"surface":"Эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of дамы","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"избалованные","lemma":"избалованный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies дамы","gloss":"pampered"},{"surface":"высшие","lemma":"высший","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies дамы","gloss":"upper-class"},{"surface":"дамы","lemma":"дама","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of щадят","gloss":"ladies"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of захотят","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies захотят","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"захотят","lemma":"захотеть","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, plural, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on щадят","gloss":"take a fancy"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of захотят","gloss":"to something"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking капризу","gloss":"to the point of"},{"surface":"капризу","lemma":"каприз","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of захотят","gloss":"a whim"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of щадят","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies щадят","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ничего","lemma":"ничто","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"direct object of щадят","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies щадят","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"щадят","lemma":"щадить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spare"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of вышло","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"вышло","lemma":"выйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of щадят","gloss":"it turned out"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по-ихнему","morphology":"adverb (part 1 of compound)","role":"modifies вышло","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ихнему","lemma":"ихний","morphology":"adverb (part 2 of compound)","role":"modifies вышло","gloss":"their own way","note":"по-ихнему is a colloquial compound adverb, \"their (own) way\"."}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b8-c3-s67","source":"Она же к тому так богата», — рассуждал Митя.","translation":"And besides, she is so rich\", Mitya reasoned.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Она же к тому так богата","title":"«же» and «к тому» — 'and besides'","body":"Two small signals of added force: «к тому» ('on top of that, besides') tacks on a further reason, and the particle «же» lends an insistent, conversational emphasis to «она» — 'and she, besides, is so rich'. «богата» is the short-form predicate adjective."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"рассуждал","title":"«рассуждать» — to reason, ratiocinate","body":"The imperfective «рассуждал» means 'reasoned, argued (to himself)', presenting Mitya's whole preceding monologue as his line of reasoning. The imperfective frames it as an ongoing mental process rather than a single concluded thought."}],"words":[{"surface":"Она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of богата","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Она","gloss":"for her part"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тому","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"тому","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"part of idiom к тому же (\"besides\")","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies богата","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"богата","lemma":"богатый","morphology":"adjective, short form, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, subject Она","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"рассуждал","lemma":"рассуждать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"reporting verb introducing the quotation","gloss":"reasoned"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of рассуждал","gloss":"Mitya"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b8-c3-s68","source":"Что же касается собственно до «плана», то было всё то же самое, что и прежде, то есть предложение прав своих на Чермашню, но уже не с коммерческою целью, как вчера Самсонову, не прельщая эту даму, как вчера Самсонова, возможностью стяпать вместо трех тысяч куш вдвое, тысяч в шесть или семь, а просто как благородную гарантию за долг.","translation":"As for the \"plan\" itself, it was all the very same as before — that is, the offer of his rights to Chermashnya, only now not with a commercial aim, as yesterday with Samsonov, not tempting this lady, as he had tempted Samsonov yesterday, with the chance of snapping up a windfall of double the three thousand, some six or seven thousand, but simply as an honorable guarantee for the debt.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Что же касается… до «плана»","title":"«что касается… до» — as for, as regards","body":"The set phrase «что касается» ('as concerns') normally takes the genitive; here the older variant with «до» plus genitive («до плана») gives a slightly bookish, period flavour. «же» adds the usual conversational stress to the topic shift."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"стяпать… куш","title":"«куш» and «стяпать» — to snatch a windfall","body":"«куш» is slangy for a big haul or jackpot, and «стяпать» (colloquial 'to grab, snap up') belongs to the low, mercantile register of Mitya's scheming. The pairing paints the deal as a hustler's quick killing, not respectable commerce."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не прельщая эту даму… не с коммерческою целью","title":"Gerund «прельщая» and instrumental of aim","body":"«прельщая» is an imperfective present gerund (деепричастие), 'tempting/while tempting', expressing attendant circumstance under the negation «не». «коммерческою целью» shows the bookish older instrumental ending «-ою» for «-ой» (with a commercial aim)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of idiom что касается (\"as for\")","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Что","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"касается","lemma":"касаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause modifying было","gloss":"concerns"},{"surface":"собственно","lemma":"собственно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies плана","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking плана","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"плана","lemma":"план","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of касается","gloss":"the plan"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of было","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula, main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of то","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of было (part of то же самое)","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"(the) very"},{"surface":"самое","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies то","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"comparative clause modifying то же самое","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies прежде","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"прежде","lemma":"прежде","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of что","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"part of idiom то есть (\"that is\")","role":"introduces the appositive predложение","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of idiom то есть","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"предложение","lemma":"предложение","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to то (w10)","gloss":"the offer"},{"surface":"прав","lemma":"право","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"modifies предложение","gloss":"rights"},{"surface":"своих","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"modifies прав","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Чермашню","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Чермашню","lemma":"Чермашня","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies прав","gloss":"Chermashnya"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies целью","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies целью","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking целью","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"коммерческою","lemma":"коммерческий","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies целью","gloss":"commercial"},{"surface":"целью","lemma":"цель","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies предложение (contrastive restatement)","gloss":"aim"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces comparison with вчера Самсонову","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the elided verb, comparing to Самсонову","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"Самсонову","lemma":"Самсонов","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of the elided verb (comparison with Samsonov)","gloss":"with Samsonov"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies прельщая","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"прельщая","lemma":"прельщать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause modifying было","gloss":"tempting"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of даму","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"даму","lemma":"дама","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of прельщая","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces comparison with Самсонова","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the elided verb, comparing to Самсонова","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"Самсонова","lemma":"Самсонов","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of the elided прельщая (comparison with Samsonov)","gloss":"Samsonov"},{"surface":"возможностью","lemma":"возможность","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прельщая","gloss":"the chance"},{"surface":"стяпать","lemma":"стяпать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"modifies возможностью","gloss":"to snatch"},{"surface":"вместо","lemma":"вместо","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тысяч","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, genitive","role":"quantifies тысяч","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысяч","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of вместо, modifying куш","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"куш","lemma":"куш","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of стяпать","gloss":"windfall"},{"surface":"вдвое","lemma":"вдвое","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies куш","gloss":"double"},{"surface":"тысяч","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"in apposition to куш, specifying the amount","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks approximation of шесть","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"шесть","lemma":"шесть","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on тысяч (w46)","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"или","lemma":"или","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"семь","lemma":"семь","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"coordinated with шесть","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"просто","lemma":"просто","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies гарантию","gloss":"simply"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking гарантию","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"благородную","lemma":"благородный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies гарантию","gloss":"honorable"},{"surface":"гарантию","lemma":"гарантия","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with целью (contrast: not as an aim, but as a guarantee)","gloss":"guarantee"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking долг","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"долг","lemma":"долг","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies гарантию","gloss":"the debt"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b8-c3-s69","source":"Развивая эту новую свою мысль, Митя доходил до восторга, но так с ним и всегда случалось при всех его начинаниях, при всех его внезапных решениях.","translation":"Developing this new idea of his, Mitya worked himself up to a pitch of rapture — but so it always was with him at all his undertakings, at all his sudden resolutions.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Развивая эту новую свою мысль","title":"Gerund «развивая» — 'as he developed'","body":"«развивая» is an imperfective present gerund (деепричастие) opening the sentence: 'developing/as he developed this new idea of his'. The reflexive possessive «свою» points the thought back to its own subject, Mitya — 'his own (new) idea'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"так с ним и всегда случалось","title":"Imperfective «случалось» of habit","body":"The imperfective past «случалось» ('it used to happen') with «всегда» frames a recurring pattern — this is just how it always went with him. The «так… и» frame ('so it was…') and the dative-ish «с ним» round out a characterizing aside about Mitya's temperament."}],"words":[{"surface":"Развивая","lemma":"развивать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on доходил","gloss":"developing"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of мысль","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"новую","lemma":"новый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies мысль","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"свою","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of мысль","gloss":"of his own"},{"surface":"мысль","lemma":"мысль","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Развивая","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of доходил","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"доходил","lemma":"доходить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"worked himself up"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking восторга","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"восторга","lemma":"восторг","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of доходил","gloss":"rapture"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies случалось","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ним","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ним","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of случалось","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies случалось","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"всегда","lemma":"всегда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies случалось","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"случалось","lemma":"случаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with доходил","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"при","lemma":"при","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking начинаниях","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"всех","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, locative, plural","role":"determiner of начинаниях","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of начинаниях","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"начинаниях","lemma":"начинание","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of случалось","gloss":"undertakings"},{"surface":"при","lemma":"при","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking решениях","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"всех","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, locative, plural","role":"determiner of решениях","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of решениях","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"внезапных","lemma":"внезапный","morphology":"adjective, locative, plural","role":"modifies решениях","gloss":"sudden"},{"surface":"решениях","lemma":"решение","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with начинаниях","gloss":"resolutions"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b8-c3-s70","source":"Всякой новой мысли своей он отдавался до страсти.","translation":"He gave himself over to every new idea of his with passion.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Всякой новой мысли своей он отдавался до страсти.","title":"«отдаваться» + dative — to give oneself over to","body":"The reflexive «отдаваться» (to give oneself up) governs the dative «всякой новой мысли своей» ('to every new idea of his') — the indirect-object dative of the thing one surrenders to. The dative phrase is fronted for emphasis, with «своей» again reflexively his own."}],"words":[{"surface":"Всякой","lemma":"всякий","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of мысли","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"новой","lemma":"новый","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies мысли","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"мысли","lemma":"мысль","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"dative complement of отдавался","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"своей","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of мысли","gloss":"of his own"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of отдавался","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"отдавался","lemma":"отдаваться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave himself over"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking страсти","gloss":"to the point of"},{"surface":"страсти","lemma":"страсть","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of отдавался","gloss":"passion"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b8-c3-s71","source":"Тем не менее когда ступил на крыльцо дома госпожи Хохлаковой, вдруг почувствовал на спине своей озноб ужаса: в эту только секунду он сознал вполне и уже математически ясно, что тут ведь последняя уже надежда его, что дальше уже ничего не остается в мире, если тут оборвется, «разве зарезать и ограбить кого-нибудь из-за трех тысяч, а более ничего…»","translation":"Nevertheless, when he stepped onto the porch of Madame Hohlakov's house, he suddenly felt a shudder of terror run down his spine: in that one second he realized fully, and now with mathematical clarity, that here, after all, lay his last hope, that beyond this nothing was left to him in the world if this fell through — \"unless I cut someone's throat and rob him of three thousand, and nothing else…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"когда ступил на крыльцо… вдруг почувствовал","title":"Perfectives moving the narrative","body":"The chain of perfectives — «ступил» (stepped), «почувствовал» (felt), «сознал» (realized) — drives the action forward event by event, each a single completed stroke. Dropping the subject pronoun «он» is normal here, since the past tense and context already supply it."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"озноб ужаса","title":"«озноб ужаса» — a shudder of terror","body":"«озноб» is the chill/shivering of fever or fright; «озноб ужаса» (a 'chill of horror') is a vivid bodily image — the physical shudder of dread running down his back («на спине своей»)."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"тут ведь последняя уже надежда его","title":"The particles «ведь» and «уже»","body":"«ведь» appeals to shared, self-evident knowledge — 'here, after all, lay his last hope' — coloring the free indirect thought with Mitya's own urgency, while «уже» ('already/now') presses the finality. These tiny particles carry the inner voice that English must render with 'after all'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"разве зарезать и ограбить кого-нибудь","title":"«разве» + infinitive; «-нибудь» indefinite","body":"«разве» plus a bare infinitive floats a desperate hypothetical — 'unless (I were) to cut someone's throat and rob…'. «кого-нибудь» uses the «-нибудь» series for a non-specific 'someone, anyone at all', fitting the random, unthinkable victim Mitya half-imagines."}],"words":[{"surface":"Тем","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"part of idiom тем не менее (\"nevertheless\")","gloss":"nevertheless"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"part of idiom Тем не менее","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"менее","lemma":"менее","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of idiom Тем не менее","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ступил","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ступил","lemma":"ступить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on почувствовал","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking крыльцо","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"крыльцо","lemma":"крыльцо","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ступил","gloss":"the porch"},{"surface":"дома","lemma":"дом","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies крыльцо","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"госпожи","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies дома","gloss":"of Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлаковой","lemma":"Хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожи","gloss":"Khokhlakov"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies почувствовал","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"почувствовал","lemma":"почувствовать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking спине","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"спине","lemma":"спина","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of почувствовал","gloss":"his back"},{"surface":"своей","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, locative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of спине","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"озноб","lemma":"озноб","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of почувствовал","gloss":"a shiver"},{"surface":"ужаса","lemma":"ужас","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies озноб","gloss":"of terror"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking секунду","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of секунду","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies секунду","gloss":"one single"},{"surface":"секунду","lemma":"секунда","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сознал","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of сознал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"сознал","lemma":"сознать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"parallel clause to почувствовал","gloss":"realized"},{"surface":"вполне","lemma":"вполне","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сознал","gloss":"fully"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies математически","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"математически","lemma":"математически","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with вполне","gloss":"mathematically"},{"surface":"ясно","lemma":"ясно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сознал","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of надежда","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies надежда","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies надежда","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"последняя","lemma":"последний","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies надежда","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies надежда","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"надежда","lemma":"надежда","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of сознал","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"possessive modifier of надежда","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of остается","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"дальше","lemma":"дальше","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies остается","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies остается","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ничего","lemma":"ничто","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"subject of остается","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies остается","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"остается","lemma":"оставаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to надежда","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мире","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"мире","lemma":"мир","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of остается","gloss":"the world"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of оборвется","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies оборвется","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"оборвется","lemma":"оборваться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, third, singular, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on остается","gloss":"falls through"},{"surface":"разве","lemma":"разве","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies зарезать","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"зарезать","lemma":"зарезать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with оборвется","gloss":"cut a throat"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ограбить","lemma":"ограбить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with зарезать","gloss":"rob"},{"surface":"кого","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of зарезать (part of кого-нибудь)","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"нибудь","lemma":"нибудь","morphology":"particle (part of кого-нибудь)","role":"attaches to кого","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из-за","morphology":"preposition (part 1 of compound)","role":"preposition marking тысяч","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"из-за","morphology":"preposition (part 2 of compound)","role":"preposition marking тысяч","gloss":"the sake of"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, genitive","role":"quantifies тысяч","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысяч","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of зарезать","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"более","lemma":"более","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ничего","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ничего","lemma":"ничто","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"coordinated with зарезать и ограбить (elliptical: nothing else to do)","gloss":"nothing else"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b8-c3-s72","source":"Было часов семь с половиною, когда он позвонил в колокольчик.","translation":"It was half past seven or so when he rang the bell.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Было часов семь с половиною","title":"Inversion «часов семь» for approximation","body":"Putting the noun before the numeral — «часов семь» instead of «семь часов» — turns the figure into 'about seven', an approximate time. This neat word-order trick (number after the counted noun = 'roughly') is idiomatic and untranslatable except by 'or so'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"колокольчик","title":"«колокольчик» — little bell","body":"A diminutive of «колокол» (bell); here the small house-bell or doorbell he rings («позвонил в колокольчик»). The «-чик» suffix denotes the small domestic object rather than carrying emotion."}],"words":[{"surface":"Было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"часов","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"subject of Было","gloss":"o'clock"},{"surface":"семь","lemma":"семь","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on часов","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking половиною","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"половиною","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies часов","gloss":"a half"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of позвонил","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of позвонил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"позвонил","lemma":"позвонить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on Было","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking колокольчик","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"колокольчик","lemma":"колокольчик","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of позвонил","gloss":"bell"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b8-c3-s73","source":"Сначала дело как бы улыбнулось: только что он доложился, его тотчас же приняли с необыкновенною быстротой.","translation":"At first the affair seemed to smile on him: the moment he had himself announced, he was received with extraordinary swiftness.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"дело как бы улыбнулось","title":"«как бы» — as it were; «улыбнулось»","body":"«как бы» softens to 'as if, seemingly' — the affair 'seemed to' smile on him. «улыбнулось» is a reflexive «-ся» verb here used figuratively (the matter smiled), the perfective marking the single hopeful turn."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"доложился","title":"«доложиться» — to have oneself announced","body":"«доложиться» (reflexive of «доложить», to report/announce) is to send word of one's arrival to be admitted — the etiquette of a caller having a servant announce him. «приняли» ('they received him') is the impersonal 'they', i.e. he was received."}],"words":[{"surface":"Сначала","lemma":"сначала","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies улыбнулось","gloss":"at first"},{"surface":"дело","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of улыбнулось","gloss":"the affair"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как бы","morphology":"adverb (part 1 of compound, \"as if\")","role":"modifies улыбнулось","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"как бы","morphology":"particle (part 2 of compound, \"as if\")","role":"part of the phrase как","gloss":"(as if)"},{"surface":"улыбнулось","lemma":"улыбнуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только что","morphology":"particle (part 1 of compound, \"just as\")","role":"modifies доложился","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"только что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction (part 2 of compound)","role":"part of the phrase только","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of доложился","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"доложился","lemma":"доложиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"parallel clause to улыбнулось","gloss":"announced himself"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of приняли","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"тотчас","lemma":"тотчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies приняли","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies тотчас","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"приняли","lemma":"принять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with доложился","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking быстротой","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"необыкновенною","lemma":"необыкновенный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies быстротой","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"быстротой","lemma":"быстрота","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of приняли","gloss":"swiftness"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b8-c3-s74","source":"«Точно ведь ждала меня», — мелькнуло в уме Мити, а затем вдруг, только что ввели его в гостиную, почти вбежала хозяйка и прямо объявила ему, что ждала его…","translation":"\"As if she'd been expecting me\", flitted through Mitya's mind, and then, the instant he was shown into the drawing room, the hostess almost ran in and declared to him straight out that she had been expecting him…","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Точно ведь ждала меня","title":"«точно» and «ведь» in inner speech","body":"«точно» here = 'just as if/exactly as though', and «ведь» again voices Mitya's shared-assumption tone — 'as if she'd really been expecting me'. The subject «она» is dropped, recoverable from the feminine past «ждала»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"мелькнуло в уме","title":"«мелькнуть» — to flit, flash by","body":"«мелькнуть» is to flash or flit past for an instant; «мелькнуло в уме Мити» — the thought flashed through Mitya's mind. A recurring verb in Dostoevsky for the swift, involuntary thought."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"хозяйка","title":"«хозяйка» — the mistress of the house","body":"«хозяйка» (feminine of «хозяин») is the lady/mistress of the house — here Madame Hohlakov as hostess. The word ranges from 'housewife' to 'proprietress'; context fixes it as the woman receiving her caller."}],"words":[{"surface":"Точно","lemma":"точно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ведь","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ждала","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ждала","lemma":"ждать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"subject clause of мелькнуло","gloss":"she'd been expecting"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of ждала","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"мелькнуло","lemma":"мелькнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flitted"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking уме","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"уме","lemma":"ум","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of мелькнуло","gloss":"the mind"},{"surface":"Мити","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies уме","gloss":"Mitya's"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"затем","lemma":"затем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вдруг","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вбежала","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только что","morphology":"particle (part 1 of compound)","role":"modifies ввели","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"только что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction (part 2 of compound)","role":"part of the phrase только","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ввели","lemma":"ввести","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on вбежала","gloss":"he was shown in"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ввели","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking гостиную","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"гостиную","lemma":"гостиная","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ввели","gloss":"the drawing room"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вбежала","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"вбежала","lemma":"вбежать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with мелькнуло","gloss":"ran in"},{"surface":"хозяйка","lemma":"хозяйка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of вбежала","gloss":"the hostess"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"прямо","lemma":"прямо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies объявила","gloss":"straight out"},{"surface":"объявила","lemma":"объявить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with вбежала","gloss":"declared"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of объявила","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ждала","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ждала","lemma":"ждать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of объявила","gloss":"she had been expecting"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ждала","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b8-c3-s75","source":"— Ждала, ждала! Ведь я не могла даже и думать, что вы ко мне придете, согласитесь сами, и, однако, я вас ждала, подивитесь моему инстинкту, Дмитрий Федорович я всё утро была уверена, что вы сегодня придете.","translation":"\"Expecting you, expecting you! Why, I couldn't even have imagined you would come to me — admit it yourself — and yet I was expecting you; marvel at my instinct, Dmitri Fyodorovich; all morning I was certain you would come today.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ведь я не могла даже и думать","title":"«ведь» + negated modal, with «даже и»","body":"Her gush opens with «ведь» ('why, after all'), the appeal-to-the-listener particle that floods her speech, plus the negated modal «не могла думать» (couldn't even imagine). «даже и» piles on emphasis — 'I couldn't even so much as think it'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"согласитесь сами, подивитесь","title":"Polite imperatives «-итесь»","body":"«согласитесь» (agree/admit) and «подивитесь» (marvel) are polite/plural imperatives with «-те», addressed to Mitya — the breathless string of commands typical of Hohlakov's monologue. «подивиться» is a slightly bookish 'to be amazed (at)' + dative «моему инстинкту»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ждала","lemma":"ждать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence (elliptical exclamation)","gloss":"expecting you"},{"surface":"ждала","lemma":"ждать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with Ждала","gloss":"expecting you"},{"surface":"Ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies могла","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of могла","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies могла","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"могла","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies думать","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies думать","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"думать","lemma":"думать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of могла","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of придете","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of придете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ко","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мне","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"oblique complement of придете","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"придете","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of думать","gloss":"would come"},{"surface":"согласитесь","lemma":"согласиться","morphology":"verb, imperative, middle, second, plural, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause","gloss":"admit"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"modifies согласитесь","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"однако","lemma":"однако","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ждала (w21)","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of ждала","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of ждала","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ждала","lemma":"ждать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with могла","gloss":"was expecting"},{"surface":"подивитесь","lemma":"подивиться","morphology":"verb, imperative, middle, second, plural, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause","gloss":"marvel"},{"surface":"моему","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of инстинкту","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"инстинкту","lemma":"инстинкт","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of подивитесь","gloss":"instinct"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"Дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, vocative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"Фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, vocative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of уверена","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of утро","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"утро","lemma":"утро","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial complement of уверена (duration)","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to уверена","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"уверена","lemma":"уверенный","morphology":"adjective, short form, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, subject я","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of придете","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of придете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сегодня","lemma":"сегодня","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies придете","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"придете","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of уверена","gloss":"would come"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b8-c3-s76","source":"— Это действительно, сударыня, удивительно, — произнес Митя, мешковато усаживаясь, — но… я пришел по чрезвычайно важному делу… наиважнейшему из важнейших, для меня то есть, сударыня, для меня одного, и спешу…","translation":"\"That is indeed remarkable, madam\", Mitya brought out, settling himself clumsily, \"but… I have come on an exceedingly important matter… the most important of important matters — for me, that is, madam, for me alone, and I am in a hurry…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"наиважнейшему из важнейших","title":"«наиважнейший» — superlative piled on superlative","body":"The prefix наи- intensifies an already superlative «-ейший» form: «наиважнейший» = 'the very most important', and «из важнейших» ('of the most important') doubles it. The bookish «-ейший» superlative, heaped up, mirrors Mitya's overwrought urgency."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"мешковато усаживаясь","title":"Gerund «усаживаясь» — 'as he settled'","body":"«усаживаясь» is an imperfective present gerund (деепричастие) of the reflexive «усаживаться» (to seat oneself), giving the simultaneous manner of his speech: he brings the words out 'settling himself clumsily'. «мешковато» (awkwardly, sack-like) catches Mitya's ungainliness."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of удивительно","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"действительно","lemma":"действительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies удивительно","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, vocative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"удивительно","lemma":"удивительный","morphology":"adjective, short form, neuter, singular","role":"predicate adjective, subject Это","gloss":"remarkable"},{"surface":"произнес","lemma":"произнести","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brought out"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of произнес","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"мешковато","lemma":"мешковато","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies усаживаясь","gloss":"clumsily"},{"surface":"усаживаясь","lemma":"усаживаться","morphology":"verb, present, middle, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on произнес","gloss":"settling himself"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of пришел","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"пришел","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have come"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking делу","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"чрезвычайно","lemma":"чрезвычайно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies важному","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"важному","lemma":"важный","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies делу","gloss":"important"},{"surface":"делу","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of пришел","gloss":"a matter"},{"surface":"наиважнейшему","lemma":"наиважнейший","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular, superlative","role":"in apposition to делу","gloss":"the most important"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking важнейших","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"важнейших","lemma":"важный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural, superlative","role":"oblique complement of наиважнейшему","gloss":"the important matters"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of для","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"part of idiom то есть (\"that is\")","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, vocative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of для","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"одного","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies меня","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"спешу","lemma":"спешить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with пришел","gloss":"am in a hurry"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b8-c3-s77","source":"— Знаю, что по наиважнейшему делу, Дмитрий Федорович, тут не предчувствия какие-нибудь, не ретроградные поползновения на чудеса (слышали про старца Зосиму?), тут, тут математика: вы не могли не прийти, после того как произошло всё это с Катериной Ивановной, вы не могли, не могли, это математика.","translation":"\"I know it is the most important of matters, Dmitri Fyodorovich; here there are no presentiments of any kind, no retrograde hankerings after miracles (have you heard about the elder Zosima?); here, here is mathematics: you could not but come, after all that happened with Katerina Ivanovna; you could not, you could not — it is mathematics.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ретроградные поползновения на чудеса","title":"«ретроградные поползновения» — retrograde hankerings","body":"«поползновение» is a feeble, furtive impulse or 'hankering' (from «ползти», to creep); «ретроградные» ('retrograde, backward') is the era's progressive sneer at anything reactionary. Hohlakov's pseudo-intellectual jargon mocks belief in miracles as backsliding."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"вы не могли не прийти","title":"Double negation «не могли не прийти»","body":"«не могли не прийти» literally 'could not not-come' = 'you couldn't help but come, you were bound to come'. This 'не…не' with a modal is the standard Russian way of expressing inevitability, the two negations canceling into strong affirmation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of математика","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing делу","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"наиважнейшему","lemma":"важный","morphology":"adjective, superlative, dative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies делу","gloss":"the most important"},{"surface":"делу","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition по","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"existential 'here', modifies предчувствия","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates предчувствия","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"предчувствия","lemma":"предчувствие","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of the existential clause","gloss":"presentiments","note":"spaCy mistagged this as a verb; it is the plural noun 'presentiments'."},{"surface":"какие","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of предчувствия","gloss":"of any"},{"surface":"нибудь","lemma":"нибудь","morphology":"particle","role":"forms indefinite какие-нибудь","gloss":"-ever kind"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates поползновения","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ретроградные","lemma":"ретроградный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies поползновения","gloss":"retrograde"},{"surface":"поползновения","lemma":"поползновение","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated subject with предчувствия","gloss":"hankerings"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing чудеса","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"чудеса","lemma":"чудо","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"object of preposition на","gloss":"miracles"},{"surface":"слышали","lemma":"слышать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the parenthetical question","gloss":"have you heard"},{"surface":"про","lemma":"про","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing старца","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"старца","lemma":"старец","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition про","gloss":"the elder"},{"surface":"Зосиму","lemma":"зосима","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to старца","gloss":"Zosima"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies математика (first instance)","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies математика (second instance)","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"математика","lemma":"математика","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominal","gloss":"mathematics"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of могли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates могли","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"могли","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates прийти (double negation)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"прийти","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могли","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"после","lemma":"после","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing того","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition после, antecedent of как-clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of произошло","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"произошло","lemma":"произойти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, neuter, singular, perfective","role":"verb of the temporal clause","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of это","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of произошло","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing Катериной","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Катериной","lemma":"катерина","morphology":"proper noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition с","gloss":"Katerina"},{"surface":"Ивановной","lemma":"ивановна","morphology":"proper noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Катериной","gloss":"Ivanovna"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of могли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates могли","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"могли","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"repeated for emphasis, coordinated with previous могли","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates могли","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"могли","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"repeated for emphasis, coordinated with previous могли","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of математика","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"математика","lemma":"математика","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominal","gloss":"mathematics"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b8-c3-s78","source":"— Реализм действительной жизни, сударыня, вот что это такое! Но позвольте, однако ж, изложить…","translation":"\"The realism of actual life, madam — that is what it is! But allow me, however, to lay it out…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"вот что это такое","title":"«вот что это такое» — that's what it is","body":"A common emphatic frame: «вот» ('there/here') points, «что это такое» literally 'what this such (is)', together 'that's just what it is!'. The presentative «вот» gives Mitya's exclamation its declarative punch."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"позвольте… изложить","title":"«позвольте» + infinitive — 'allow me to…'","body":"«позвольте» (polite imperative of «позволить», to permit) plus an infinitive is the courteous 'allow me to (set out)'. The bookish «однако ж» ('however') with the particle «ж» (a clipped «же») adds insistence as he tries to break in."}],"words":[{"surface":"Реализм","lemma":"реализм","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the realism"},{"surface":"действительной","lemma":"действительный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies жизни","gloss":"of actual"},{"surface":"жизни","lemma":"жизнь","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Реализм","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the predicate phrase что это такое","gloss":"that's"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of это","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of что...такое","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"такое","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to что, completes the idiom","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the next sentence","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"позвольте","lemma":"позволить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"allow me"},{"surface":"однако","lemma":"однако","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies позвольте","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"ж","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic particle attached to однако","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"изложить","lemma":"изложить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of позвольте","gloss":"to lay it out"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b8-c3-s79","source":"— Именно реализм, Дмитрий Федорович. Я теперь вся за реализм, я слишком проучена насчет чудес. Вы слышали, что помер старец Зосима?","translation":"\"Realism precisely, Dmitri Fyodorovich. I am all for realism now; I have been too well schooled where miracles are concerned. Have you heard that the elder Zosima has died?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"проучена насчет чудес","title":"«проучена» — taught a lesson","body":"Short passive participle of «проучить» (to teach someone a sharp lesson): «я слишком проучена» = 'I have been too well schooled/burned'. «насчёт» (+ genitive) means 'as regards, concerning' — schooled where miracles are concerned."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"помер","title":"«помереть» — to die (colloquial)","body":"«помер» is the colloquial, plain-spoken counterpart of «умер» (died). Its homely register slightly undercuts the gravity of the elder's death, characteristic of Hohlakov's breezy chatter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies реализм","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"реализм","lemma":"реализм","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"realism"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of вся","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вся","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"вся","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of я","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing реализм","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"реализм","lemma":"реализм","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition за","gloss":"realism"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of passive проучена","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"слишком","lemma":"слишком","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies проучена","gloss":"too well"},{"surface":"проучена","lemma":"проучить","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, feminine, singular, perfective","role":"main predicate of the clause","gloss":"schooled"},{"surface":"насчет","lemma":"насчёт","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing чудес","gloss":"where...concerned"},{"surface":"чудес","lemma":"чудо","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"object of preposition насчет","gloss":"miracles"},{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of слышали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"слышали","lemma":"слышать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have you heard"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of помер","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"помер","lemma":"помереть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"verb of the subordinate clause","gloss":"has died","note":"spaCy mistagged this as a noun; it is the past-tense verb 'died'."},{"surface":"старец","lemma":"старец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of помер","gloss":"the elder"},{"surface":"Зосима","lemma":"зосима","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to старец","gloss":"Zosima"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b8-c3-s80","source":"— Нет, сударыня, в первый раз слышу, — удивился немного Митя. В уме его мелькнул образ Алеши.","translation":"\"No, madam, I hear it for the first time\", Mitya was a little surprised. An image of Alyosha flashed through his mind.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"в первый раз слышу","title":"Imperfective «слышу» of present perception","body":"«слышу» (I hear) is the imperfective present — the only present Russian has — used here for present perception: 'I'm hearing it for the first time'. «в первый раз» ('for the first time') sets the moment."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"образ Алеши","title":"«образ» — image (and ikon)","body":"Here «образ» means 'image, mental picture' — the image of Alyosha flashing through Mitya's mind. The same word «образ» also means a holy ikon (as the diminutive «образок» soon will), a resonance Dostoevsky's readers would feel."}],"words":[{"surface":"Нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle","role":"negative reply","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing раз","gloss":"for the"},{"surface":"первый","lemma":"первый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies раз","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition в","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"слышу","lemma":"слышать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I hear it"},{"surface":"удивился","lemma":"удивиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the next clause","gloss":"was surprised"},{"surface":"немного","lemma":"немного","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies удивился","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of удивился","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"В","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing уме","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"уме","lemma":"ум","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition В","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"possessive modifier of уме","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"мелькнул","lemma":"мелькнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flashed"},{"surface":"образ","lemma":"образ","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of мелькнул","gloss":"an image"},{"surface":"Алеши","lemma":"алёша","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies образ","gloss":"of Alyosha"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b8-c3-s81","source":"— Сегодня в ночь, и представьте себе…","translation":"\"This very night, and just imagine…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"представьте себе","title":"«представьте себе» — just imagine","body":"A polite imperative «представьте» (imagine) plus the reflexive pronoun «себе» (to/for yourself) — the set exclamation 'just imagine!'. «себе» is the dative of the reflexive «себя», here an ethical dative pulling the listener in."}],"words":[{"surface":"Сегодня","lemma":"сегодня","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the time phrase","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing ночь","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ночь","lemma":"ночь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition в, completing the idiom сегодня в ночь","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"представьте","lemma":"представить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"indirect object of представьте","gloss":"to yourself"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b8-c3-s82","source":"— Сударыня, — прервал Митя, — я представляю себе только то, что я в отчаяннейшем положении и что если вы мне не поможете, то всё провалится, и я провалюсь первый. Простите за тривиальность выражения, но я в жару, я в горячке…","translation":"\"Madam\", Mitya interrupted, \"I imagine only this: that I am in a most desperate plight, and that if you do not help me, everything will collapse, and I shall be the first to collapse. Forgive the triviality of the expression, but I am in a fever, I am in a delirium…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"в отчаяннейшем положении","title":"«отчаяннейший» — most desperate","body":"Bookish superlative in «-ейший» from «отчаянный» (desperate): 'in a most desperate position'. Mitya reaches instinctively for these heightened superlatives, matching his overwrought state."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"если вы мне не поможете, то всё провалится","title":"Real conditional «если… то»","body":"A real (not hypothetical) conditional: «если» + perfective future «не поможете» in the if-clause, «то» + perfective future «провалится» in the result. No «бы» here — it states a genuine, looming outcome, not an irrealis one. «провалится» and «провалюсь» are reflexive 'collapse/come to ruin'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"я в жару, я в горячке","title":"«жар» and «горячка» — fever and delirium","body":"«жар» is feverish heat; «горячка» a fever or feverish delirium. Mitya means it figuratively — 'I'm in a fever, in a delirium' — but in Dostoevsky physical and spiritual fever blur, and «горячка» (brain-fever) recurs as a literal illness in the novel."}],"words":[{"surface":"Сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"прервал","lemma":"прервать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the parenthetical","gloss":"interrupted"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of прервал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of представляю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"представляю","lemma":"представлять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"indirect object of представляю","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of представляю","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of положении","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of the clause в отчаяннейшем положении","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing положении","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"отчаяннейшем","lemma":"отчаянный","morphology":"adjective, superlative, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies положении","gloss":"most desperate"},{"surface":"положении","lemma":"положение","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of то, object of preposition в","gloss":"plight"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of провалится","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of поможете","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of поможете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of поможете","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates поможете","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"поможете","lemma":"помочь","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"verb of the если-clause","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"conjunction, correlative","role":"introduces the main clause провалится","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of провалится","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"провалится","lemma":"провалиться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, third, singular, perfective","role":"main clause verb, clausal complement of что","gloss":"will collapse"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of провалюсь","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"провалюсь","lemma":"провалиться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, first, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with провалится","gloss":"shall collapse"},{"surface":"первый","lemma":"первый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicative modifier of я, 'first to fall'","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Простите","lemma":"простить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgive"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing тривиальность","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"тривиальность","lemma":"тривиальность","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition за","gloss":"the triviality"},{"surface":"выражения","lemma":"выражение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies тривиальность","gloss":"of the expression"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of the clause в жару","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing жару","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"жару","lemma":"жар","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of я","gloss":"a fever"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of the clause в горячке","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing горячке","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"горячке","lemma":"горячка","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of я","gloss":"a delirium"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b8-c3-s83","source":"— Знаю, знаю, что вы в горячке, всё знаю, вы и не можете быть в другом состоянии духа, и что бы вы ни сказали, я всё знаю наперед. Я давно взяла вашу судьбу в соображение, Дмитрий Федорович, я слежу за нею и изучаю ее… О, поверьте, что я опытный душевный доктор, Дмитрий Федорович.","translation":"\"I know, I know that you are in a fever, I know it all; you could not possibly be in any other state of mind, and whatever you may say, I know it all beforehand. I have long taken your destiny into my consideration, Dmitri Fyodorovich; I am watching over it and studying it… Oh, believe me, I am an experienced physician of the soul, Dmitri Fyodorovich.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"что бы вы ни сказали, я всё знаю наперед","title":"Concessive «что бы… ни» — 'whatever you may say'","body":"«что бы вы ни сказали» is the concessive frame: interrogative «что» + particle «бы» + «ни» + past-form verb = 'whatever you might say'. The «ни» here is concessive, not a plain negation, and «бы» supplies the hypothetical reach over any possible utterance."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"взяла… в соображение","title":"«взять в соображение» — to take into consideration","body":"A set verbal phrase: «взять (что) в соображение» = to take (something) into account/consideration. Hohlakov's bureaucratic-sounding diction ('I have long taken your destiny into my consideration') is part of her comic self-importance."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"слежу за нею и изучаю ее","title":"«следить за» + instrumental","body":"«следить за» ('to watch over, keep track of') governs the instrumental «за нею» (= «за ней», older form), beside the accusative object of «изучаю её». The pairing — instrumental after «следить за», accusative after «изучаю» — shows how each verb fixes its own case."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"душевный доктор","title":"«душевный доктор» — physician of the soul","body":"«душевный» (from «душа», soul) means 'of the soul, spiritual/mental'; «душевный доктор» is a 'doctor of the soul'. Hohlakov's grandiose self-label parodies the era's vogue for psychology and 'soul-doctoring'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"repeated for emphasis","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of горячке","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of the clause в горячке","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing горячке","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"горячке","lemma":"горячка","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of знаю","gloss":"a fever"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of знаю","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"repeated for emphasis","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of можете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies можете, 'even'","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates можете","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"можете","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of можете, copula linking to состоянии","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing состоянии","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"другом","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies состоянии","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"состоянии","lemma":"состояние","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition в, complement of быть","gloss":"state"},{"surface":"духа","lemma":"дух","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies состоянии","gloss":"of mind"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of сказали","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"forms что...ни idiom with сказали","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of сказали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies сказали, forms что...ни idiom","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"сказали","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"concessive clause modifying знаю (наперед)","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of знаю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of знаю","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"наперед","lemma":"наперёд","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"beforehand"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of взяла","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"давно","lemma":"давно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies взяла","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"взяла","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, feminine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have taken"},{"surface":"вашу","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of судьбу","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"судьбу","lemma":"судьба","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of взяла","gloss":"destiny"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing соображение","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"соображение","lemma":"соображение","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition в, complement of взяла","gloss":"consideration"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of слежу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"слежу","lemma":"следить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with взяла","gloss":"watch over"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing нею","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"нею","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition за","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"изучаю","lemma":"изучать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with слежу","gloss":"study"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of изучаю","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces поверьте","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"поверьте","lemma":"поверить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe me"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of доктор","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of доктор","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"опытный","lemma":"опытный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies доктор","gloss":"an experienced"},{"surface":"душевный","lemma":"душевный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies доктор","gloss":"of the soul"},{"surface":"доктор","lemma":"доктор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal, clausal complement of поверьте","gloss":"doctor"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b8-c3-s84","source":"— Сударыня, если вы опытный доктор, то я зато опытный больной, — слюбезничал через силу Митя, — и предчувствую, что если вы уж так следите за судьбой моею, то и поможете ей в ее гибели, но для этого позвольте мне наконец изложить пред вами тот план, с которым я рискнул явиться… и то, чего от вас ожидаю… Я пришел, сударыня.","translation":"\"Madam, if you are an experienced doctor, then I, for my part, am an experienced patient\", Mitya forced out a pleasantry, \"and I have a presentiment that, if you are indeed watching over my destiny so, you will also help it in its ruin; but for that, allow me at last to set out before you the plan with which I have ventured to come… and what it is I look to receive from you… I have come, madam.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"зато","title":"The conjunction «зато»","body":"«зато» means 'but on the other hand / to make up for it' and introduces a compensating contrast: 'if you are an experienced doctor, then I, зато, am an experienced patient.' Do not confuse it with «за то» ('for that'), written as two words; «зато» as one word is the conjunction."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"слюбезничал через силу","title":"«слюбезничать» and «через силу»","body":"«слюбезничать» (from «любезный», amiable) is to come out with a pleasantry/gallantry; «через силу» means 'with effort, against one's strength, forcing oneself'. Together: Mitya 'forced out a courtesy' despite his agitation."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"за судьбой моею… в ее гибели","title":"Postposed possessive «моею» and case after «следить»/«помочь»","body":"«за судьбой моею» places the possessive after its noun («моею» = older «моей») for rhetorical weight, governed by «следить за» + instrumental. «поможете ей» then takes the dative «ей» — «помочь» governs the dative of the one helped."}],"words":[{"surface":"Сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of доктор","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of доктор","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"опытный","lemma":"опытный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies доктор","gloss":"an experienced"},{"surface":"доктор","lemma":"доктор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal of the если-clause","gloss":"doctor"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"conjunction, correlative","role":"introduces the main clause больной","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of the clause","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"зато","lemma":"зато","morphology":"particle","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"опытный","lemma":"опытный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies больной","gloss":"an experienced"},{"surface":"больной","lemma":"больной","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of я","gloss":"patient"},{"surface":"слюбезничал","lemma":"слюбезничать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the parenthetical","gloss":"forced out a pleasantry"},{"surface":"через","lemma":"через","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing силу","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"силу","lemma":"сила","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition через, idiom 'через силу'","gloss":"effort"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of слюбезничал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"предчувствую","lemma":"предчувствовать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with слюбезничал","gloss":"I sense"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of поможете","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of следите","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of следите","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic, modifies так","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies следите","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"следите","lemma":"следить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"verb of the если-clause","gloss":"are watching"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing судьбой","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"судьбой","lemma":"судьба","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition за","gloss":"destiny"},{"surface":"моею","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies судьбой","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"conjunction, correlative","role":"introduces the main clause поможете","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies поможете, 'also'","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"поможете","lemma":"помочь","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"clausal complement of предчувствую","gloss":"will help"},{"surface":"ей","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of поможете","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing гибели","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"determiner, possessive","role":"modifies гибели","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"гибели","lemma":"гибель","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition в, complement of поможете","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing этого","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"этого","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition для","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"позвольте","lemma":"позволить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with слюбезничал","gloss":"allow"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of позвольте","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"наконец","lemma":"наконец","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies изложить","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"изложить","lemma":"изложить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of позвольте","gloss":"to set out"},{"surface":"пред","lemma":"перед","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing вами","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"вами","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"object of preposition пред","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"тот","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of план","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"план","lemma":"план","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of изложить","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing которым","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"которым","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition с, relative referring to план","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of рискнул","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"рискнул","lemma":"рискнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"relative clause on план","gloss":"ventured"},{"surface":"явиться","lemma":"явиться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of рискнул","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with план as a second thing being set forth","gloss":"that which"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ожидаю, relative referring to то","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition governing вас","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"object of preposition от","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ожидаю","lemma":"ожидать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause on то","gloss":"I expect"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of пришел","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"пришел","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have come"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b8-c3-s85","source":"— Не излагайте, это второстепенность. А насчет помощи, я не первому вам помогаю, Дмитрий Федорович. Вы, вероятно, слышали о моей кузине Бельмесовой, ее муж погибал, провалился, как вы характерно выразились, Дмитрий Федорович, и что же, я указала ему на коннозаводство, и он теперь процветает. Вы имеете понятие о коннозаводстве, Дмитрий Федорович?","translation":"\"Don't set anything out, it's a secondary matter. And as for help, you are not the first I have helped, Dmitri Fyodorovich. You have probably heard of my cousin Belmesova; her husband was going under, collapsing, as you so aptly put it, Dmitri Fyodorovich — and what then? I pointed him toward horse-breeding, and now he is flourishing. Have you any notion of horse-breeding, Dmitri Fyodorovich?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"второстепенность","title":"«второстепенность» — a secondary matter","body":"An abstract noun in «-ость» built on «второстепенный» ('second-rate, secondary', literally 'of the second rank'): 'it's a secondary thing'. Hohlakov waves Mitya's plan aside as trivial detail."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"я не первому вам помогаю","title":"Dative after «помогать»: «не первому вам»","body":"«помогать» governs the dative of the person helped — here «вам» plus «первому» agreeing in the dative: 'you are not the first I help'. The negation «не» falls on «первому» (not the verb), so it means 'not the first', not 'I don't help'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies излагайте","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"излагайте","lemma":"излагать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of второстепенность","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"второстепенность","lemma":"второстепенность","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of это","gloss":"a secondary matter"},{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"насчет","lemma":"насчёт","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking помощи","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"помощи","lemma":"помощь","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of насчет, resumed by помогаю","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of помогаю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies первому","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"первому","lemma":"первый","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вам","gloss":"the first"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of помогаю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"помогаю","lemma":"помогать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am helping"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of слышали","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"вероятно","lemma":"вероятно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies слышали","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"слышали","lemma":"слышать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have heard"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking кузине","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"моей","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, locative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of кузине","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"кузине","lemma":"кузина","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of слышали","gloss":"cousin"},{"surface":"Бельмесовой","lemma":"Бельмесова","morphology":"proper noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to кузине","gloss":"Belmesova"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"determiner","role":"modifies муж","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"муж","lemma":"муж","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of погибал","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"погибал","lemma":"погибать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, third, singular, masculine, imperfective","role":"predicate of муж, new clause","gloss":"was going under"},{"surface":"провалился","lemma":"провалиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with погибал","gloss":"collapsing"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of выразились","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of выразились","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"характерно","lemma":"характерно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies выразились","gloss":"aptly"},{"surface":"выразились","lemma":"выразиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"parenthetical clause modifying провалился","gloss":"put it"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of exclamation и что же","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of указала","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"указала","lemma":"указать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb, following и что же","gloss":"pointed"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"ему","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of указала","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking коннозаводство","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"коннозаводство","lemma":"коннозаводство","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of указала","gloss":"horse-breeding"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of процветает","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies процветает","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"процветает","lemma":"процветать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with указала","gloss":"is flourishing"},{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of имеете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"имеете","lemma":"иметь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"понятие","lemma":"понятие","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of имеете","gloss":"notion"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking коннозаводстве","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"коннозаводстве","lemma":"коннозаводство","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies понятие","gloss":"horse-breeding"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b8-c3-s86","source":"— Ни малейшего, сударыня, — ох, сударыня, ни малейшего! — вскричал в нервном нетерпении Митя и даже поднялся было с места. — Я только умоляю вас, сударыня, меня выслушать, дайте мне только две минуты свободного разговора, чтоб я мог сперва изложить вам всё, весь проект, с которым пришел. К тому же мне нужно время, я ужасно спешу! — прокричал истерически Митя, почувствовав, что она сейчас опять начнет говорить, и в надежде перекричать ее. — Я пришел в отчаянии… в последней степени отчаяния, чтобы просить у вас взаймы денег три тысячи, взаймы, но под верный, под вернейший залог, сударыня, под вернейшее обеспечение! Позвольте только изложить.","translation":"\"Not the least, madam — oh, madam, not the least!\" cried Mitya in nervous impatience, and even half rose from his seat. \"I only implore you, madam, to hear me out; give me only two minutes of free speech, that I may first set out for you everything, the whole project I have come with. Besides, I need time, I am in a frightful hurry!\" Mitya cried out hysterically, sensing that she was about to start talking again, and in the hope of out-shouting her. \"I have come in despair… in the last extremity of despair, to ask you for a loan of money, three thousand, a loan, but on sure, on the surest of security, madam, on the surest of guarantees! Only allow me to set it out.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ни малейшего, сударыня… ни малейшего!","title":"Genitive of negation «ни малейшего»","body":"An elliptical answer ('not the least [notion]'): «ни малейшего» is genitive, the case a negated/absent object takes, intensified by «ни» ('not even the smallest'). The understood «понятия» (notion) is itself in the genitive of negation."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"даже поднялся было с места","title":"The particle «было» — an action begun and broken off","body":"«было» after a perfective past («поднялся было») marks an action started but not carried through — 'he even began to rise (and stopped)'. This special «было» (distinct from the verb 'was') is a fine narrative tool for half-completed gestures."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"чтоб я мог сперва изложить","title":"Purpose «чтоб(ы)» + past-form/modal","body":"«чтоб» (clipped «чтобы») opens a purpose clause — 'so that I might first set out…' — and takes the irrealis past-form construction, here the modal «мог» (could). «сперва» is a colloquial 'first, at first'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"под вернейший залог… под вернейшее обеспечение","title":"«залог» / «обеспечение» — security, pledge","body":"«залог» (a pledge/collateral) and «обеспечение» (security/guarantee) are the financial terms Mitya heaps up, intensified by the superlative «вернейший» ('surest'). His piling of legal-sounding guarantees underscores how little he actually has to offer."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies малейшего","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"малейшего","lemma":"малейший","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the least"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"ох","lemma":"ох","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies малейшего","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"малейшего","lemma":"малейший","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the least"},{"surface":"вскричал","lemma":"вскричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нетерпении","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"нервном","lemma":"нервный","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies нетерпении","gloss":"nervous"},{"surface":"нетерпении","lemma":"нетерпение","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of вскричал","gloss":"impatience"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вскричал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies поднялся","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"поднялся","lemma":"подняться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with вскричал","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"было","morphology":"particle, marking an interrupted action","role":"modifies поднялся","gloss":"started to","note":"'было' after a past-tense verb marks an action begun but not completed — here, half-rose but didn't finish."},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking места","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"места","lemma":"место","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of поднялся","gloss":"his seat"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of умоляю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies умоляю","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"умоляю","lemma":"умолять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"implore"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of умоляю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of выслушать","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"выслушать","lemma":"выслушать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of умоляю","gloss":"to hear out"},{"surface":"дайте","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with умоляю","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"мне","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of дайте","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies две","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"две","lemma":"два","morphology":"numeral, accusative, feminine","role":"depends on минуты","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"минуты","lemma":"минута","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of дайте","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"свободного","lemma":"свободный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies разговора","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"разговора","lemma":"разговор","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies минуты","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"чтоб","lemma":"чтоб","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of мог","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of мог","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"мог","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"purpose clause on дайте","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"сперва","lemma":"сперва","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies изложить","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"изложить","lemma":"изложить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of мог","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of изложить","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of изложить","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"весь","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of проект","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"проект","lemma":"проект","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to всё","gloss":"project"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking которым","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"которым","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of пришел","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"пришел","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"relative clause on проект","gloss":"I have come"},{"surface":"К","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тому","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"тому","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"part of idiom к тому же, modifies нужно","gloss":"that","note":"'к тому же' is a fixed idiom meaning 'besides, moreover'."},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"part of idiom к тому же","gloss":"moreover"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"мне","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of нужно","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"нужно","lemma":"нужный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"время","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of нужно","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of спешу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ужасно","lemma":"ужасно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies спешу","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"спешу","lemma":"спешить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with нужно","gloss":"am in a hurry"},{"surface":"прокричал","lemma":"прокричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"истерически","lemma":"истерически","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прокричал","gloss":"hysterically"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of прокричал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"почувствовав","lemma":"почувствовать","morphology":"verb, past, active, converb, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on прокричал","gloss":"sensing"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of начнет","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of начнет","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"сейчас","lemma":"сейчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies начнет","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies начнет","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"начнет","lemma":"начать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of почувствовав","gloss":"would start"},{"surface":"говорить","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of начнет","gloss":"talking"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking надежде","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"надежде","lemma":"надежда","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies прокричал (parallel adverbial phrase)","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"перекричать","lemma":"перекричать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of надежде","gloss":"to out-shout"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of перекричать","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of пришел","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"пришел","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have come"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking отчаянии","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"отчаянии","lemma":"отчаяние","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of пришел","gloss":"despair"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking степени","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"последней","lemma":"последний","morphology":"adjective, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies степени","gloss":"the last"},{"surface":"степени","lemma":"степень","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of пришел, in apposition to отчаянии","gloss":"extremity"},{"surface":"отчаяния","lemma":"отчаяние","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies степени","gloss":"of despair"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of просить","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"просить","lemma":"просить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"purpose clause on пришел","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"oblique complement of просить","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"взаймы","lemma":"взаймы","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies просить","gloss":"as a loan"},{"surface":"денег","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of просить","gloss":"of money"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"appositive to денег, quantifying the amount","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"взаймы","lemma":"взаймы","morphology":"adverb","role":"repeats взаймы (w81) for emphasis","gloss":"a loan"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"под","lemma":"под","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking верный","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"верный","lemma":"верный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies elided залог, parallel to под вернейший залог","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"под","lemma":"под","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking залог","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"вернейший","lemma":"верный","morphology":"adjective, superlative, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies залог","gloss":"the surest"},{"surface":"залог","lemma":"залог","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of просить","gloss":"security"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"под","lemma":"под","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking обеспечение","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"вернейшее","lemma":"верный","morphology":"adjective, superlative, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies обеспечение","gloss":"the surest"},{"surface":"обеспечение","lemma":"обеспечение","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of просить","gloss":"guarantee"},{"surface":"Позвольте","lemma":"позволить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"allow"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies изложить","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"изложить","lemma":"изложить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of Позвольте","gloss":"to set it out"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b8-c3-s87","source":"— Это вы всё потом, потом! — замахала на него рукой в свою очередь госпожа Хохлакова, — да и всё, что бы вы ни сказали, я знаю всё наперед, я уже говорила вам это. Вы просите какой-то суммы, вам нужны три тысячи, но я вам дам больше, безмерно больше, я вас спасу, Дмитрий Федорович, но надо, чтобы вы меня послушались!","translation":"\"You can do all that later, later!\" Madame Hohlakov waved him off with her hand in her turn. \"And anyway, whatever you may say, I know it all beforehand, I have already told you so. You are asking for some sum or other; you need three thousand, but I will give you more, immeasurably more, I will save you, Dmitri Fyodorovich, but you must do as I say!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"замахала на него рукой","title":"«замахать рукой» — to wave (someone) off","body":"The inceptive prefix за- on «махать» (to wave): «замахала» = 'began waving / waved away'. «замахать на (кого) рукой» is the gesture of waving someone off, brushing aside what they say."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"в свою очередь","title":"«в свою очередь» — in her turn","body":"A set phrase, 'in (one's) turn', with the reflexive possessive «свою» pointing to the subject. Here it marks Hohlakov now doing the interrupting — turning the tables on Mitya's attempts to interrupt her."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"надо, чтобы вы меня послушались","title":"Impersonal «надо» + «чтобы»-clause","body":"«надо» is an impersonal predicate of necessity ('it is necessary'), taking a «чтобы»-clause with the past-form «послушались» (irrealis): 'it is needful that you obey me'. The reflexive «послушаться» ('to heed, obey') governs the genitive/accusative «меня»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"topic, direct object of elided verb","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of elided verb (implied \"can do\")","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of elided verb","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"потом","lemma":"потом","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies elided verb","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"потом","lemma":"потом","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with потом","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"замахала","lemma":"замахать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"waved"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking него","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"него","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of замахала","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"рукой","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of замахала","gloss":"with her hand"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking очередь","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"свою","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of очередь","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"очередь","lemma":"очередь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of замахала","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"госпожа","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of замахала","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлакова","lemma":"Хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожа","gloss":"Hohlakov"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase да","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"topic, resumed by всё (object of знаю)","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of сказали","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, part of concessive что...ни construction","role":"part of concessive construction with ни","gloss":"might","note":"'что бы вы ни сказали' = 'whatever you might say' — a concessive бы...ни construction."},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of сказали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies сказали","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"сказали","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"relative clause on всё","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of знаю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of знаю","gloss":"it all"},{"surface":"наперед","lemma":"наперёд","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"beforehand"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of говорила","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies говорила","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"говорила","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with знаю","gloss":"have told"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of говорила","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of говорила","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of просите","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"просите","lemma":"просить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are asking for"},{"surface":"какой","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of суммы","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle, part of какой-то","role":"determiner of суммы","gloss":"or other"},{"surface":"суммы","lemma":"сумма","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of просите","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of нужны","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"нужны","lemma":"нужный","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with просите","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"subject of нужны","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of дам","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of дам","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"дам","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"больше","lemma":"больше","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies дам","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"безмерно","lemma":"безмерно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies больше","gloss":"immeasurably"},{"surface":"больше","lemma":"больше","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"repeats больше (w45) for emphasis","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of спасу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of спасу","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"спасу","lemma":"спасти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with дам","gloss":"will save"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb, predicative","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"you must"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of послушались","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of послушались","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of послушались","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"послушались","lemma":"послушаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"clausal complement of надо","gloss":"obey"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b8-c3-s88","source":"Митя так и прянул опять с места.","translation":"Mitya fairly sprang up from his seat again.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Митя так и прянул опять с места.","title":"Emphatic «так и» + perfective «прянул»","body":"«так и» before a perfective verb intensifies the suddenness — 'fairly sprang, simply leapt'. «прянул» (perfective of the archaic/poetic «прядать», to start/dart) is a vivid, slightly elevated word for his recoiling leap from the seat."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of прянул","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прянул","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase так, intensifying прянул","gloss":"just","note":"'так и' is an intensifying idiom, roughly 'just/really' before the verb."},{"surface":"прянул","lemma":"прянуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прянул","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking места","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"места","lemma":"место","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of прянул","gloss":"his seat"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b8-c3-s89","source":"— Сударыня, неужто вы так добры! — вскричал он с чрезвычайным чувством. — Господи, вы спасли меня. Вы спасаете человека, сударыня, от насильственной смерти, от пистолета… Вечная благодарность моя…","translation":"\"Madam, can you really be so kind!\" he cried out with extraordinary feeling. \"Lord, you have saved me. You are saving a man, madam, from a violent death, from the pistol… My eternal gratitude…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"неужто вы так добры","title":"«неужто» — surely not?!","body":"«неужто» is a colloquial, slightly archaic variant of «неужели» — an exclamatory particle of incredulous wonder, 'can it really be / surely you aren't…'. «добры» is the short-form predicate adjective 'kind'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Madam"},{"surface":"неужто","lemma":"неужто","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the question, modifies добры","gloss":"can it be that","note":"'неужто' is an archaic/colloquial particle expressing surprised disbelief."},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of добры","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies добры","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"добры","lemma":"добрый","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate of вы","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"вскричал","lemma":"вскричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he cried out"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вскричал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чувством","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"чрезвычайным","lemma":"чрезвычайный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"modifies чувством","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"чувством","lemma":"чувство","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of вскричал","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"Господи","lemma":"господи","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"interjection, vocative address","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of спасли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"спасли","lemma":"спасти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have saved"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of спасли","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of спасаете","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"спасаете","lemma":"спасать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are saving"},{"surface":"человека","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of спасаете","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking смерти","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"насильственной","lemma":"насильственный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies смерти","gloss":"violent"},{"surface":"смерти","lemma":"смерть","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of спасаете","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking пистолета","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"пистолета","lemma":"пистолет","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of спасаете","gloss":"the pistol"},{"surface":"Вечная","lemma":"вечный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies благодарность","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"благодарность","lemma":"благодарность","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (nominal sentence)","gloss":"gratitude"},{"surface":"моя","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies благодарность","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b8-c3-s90","source":"— Я вам дам бесконечно, бесконечно больше, чем три тысячи! — прокричала госпожа Хохлакова, с сияющею улыбкой смотря на восторг Мити.","translation":"\"I will give you infinitely, infinitely more than three thousand!\" cried Madame Hohlakov, gazing with a radiant smile at Mitya's rapture.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"с сияющею улыбкой смотря на восторг","title":"Gerund «смотря» and old instrumental «-ею»","body":"«смотря» is an imperfective present gerund (деепричастие) — 'gazing/while gazing' at Mitya's rapture, simultaneous with her cry. «сияющею улыбкой» shows the bookish older instrumental «-ею» (for «-ей»), the participle «сияющий» ('radiant') agreeing in case."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of дам","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of дам","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"дам","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"бесконечно","lemma":"бесконечно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies дам","gloss":"infinitely"},{"surface":"бесконечно","lemma":"бесконечно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies больше","gloss":"infinitely"},{"surface":"больше","lemma":"больше","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies дам","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"чем","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of тысячи","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of больше","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"прокричала","lemma":"прокричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"госпожа","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of прокричала","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлакова","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожа","gloss":"Hohlakov"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking улыбкой","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"сияющею","lemma":"сияющий","morphology":"adjective (participle), instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies улыбкой","gloss":"radiant"},{"surface":"улыбкой","lemma":"улыбка","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of смотря","gloss":"smile"},{"surface":"смотря","lemma":"смотреть","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on прокричала","gloss":"gazing"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking восторг","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"восторг","lemma":"восторг","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of смотря","gloss":"rapture"},{"surface":"Мити","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"genitive/possessive modifier of восторг","gloss":"Mitya's"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b8-c3-s91","source":"— Бесконечно? Но столько и не надо. Необходимы только эти роковые для меня три тысячи, а я со своей стороны пришел гарантировать вам эту сумму с бесконечною благодарностью и предлагаю вам план, который..","translation":"\"Infinitely? But I don't need so much. All I need is these three thousand, fateful for me, and I, for my part, have come to guarantee you this sum with infinite gratitude, and I am offering you a plan that…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"столько и не надо","title":"«столько… не надо» — 'I don't need so much'","body":"The impersonal «не надо» ('there's no need') with «столько» ('so much') and emphatic «и» — 'I don't need that much'. No nominative subject: the thing not needed is implied, the construction purely impersonal."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"роковые для меня три тысячи","title":"«роковой» — fateful, fatal","body":"«роковой» (from «рок», fate/doom) means 'fateful, fatal, decreed by destiny'. Calling the three thousand «роковые для меня» ('fateful for me') casts Mitya's whole crisis as the working-out of fate — a key Dostoevskian note."}],"words":[{"surface":"Бесконечно","lemma":"бесконечно","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase (exclamatory)","gloss":"Infinitely?"},{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"столько","lemma":"столько","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"is needed"},{"surface":"Необходимы","lemma":"необходимый","morphology":"adjective, short form, plural","role":"predicate of тысячи","gloss":"are necessary"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies эти","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of роковые","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"роковые","lemma":"роковой","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies тысячи","gloss":"fateful"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"modifies роковые","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Необходимы","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of пришел","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"со","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стороны","gloss":"for","note":"«со своей стороны» is the idiom \"for my part\"."},{"surface":"своей","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of стороны","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"стороны","lemma":"сторона","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of пришел","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"пришел","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb, coordinated with предлагаю","gloss":"have come"},{"surface":"гарантировать","lemma":"гарантировать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of пришел","gloss":"to guarantee"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of гарантировать","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of сумму","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"сумму","lemma":"сумма","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of гарантировать","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking благодарностью","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"бесконечною","lemma":"бесконечный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies благодарностью","gloss":"infinite"},{"surface":"благодарностью","lemma":"благодарность","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of гарантировать","gloss":"gratitude"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"предлагаю","lemma":"предлагать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with пришел","gloss":"am offering"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of предлагаю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"план","lemma":"план","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of предлагаю","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"который","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the (incomplete) relative clause","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b8-c3-s92","source":"— Довольно, Дмитрий Федорович, сказано и сделано, — отрезала госпожа Хохлакова с целомудренным торжеством благодетельницы. — Я обещала вас спасти и спасу. Я вас спасу, как и Бельмесова. Что думаете вы о золотых приисках, Дмитрий Федорович?","translation":"\"Enough, Dmitri Fyodorovich, no sooner said than done\", Madame Hohlakov cut him off with the chaste triumph of a benefactress. \"I promised to save you, and save you I shall. I will save you as I did Belmesova. What do you think of gold mines, Dmitri Fyodorovich?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"сказано и сделано","title":"«сказано и сделано» — no sooner said than done","body":"A proverbial pair of short passive participles, «сказано» (said) and «сделано» (done) — 'said and done', i.e. as good as accomplished. The neuter short forms are the impersonal 'it is said/done'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"с целомудренным торжеством благодетельницы","title":"«благодетельница», «целомудренный»","body":"«благодетельница» is a (female) 'benefactress, do-gooder'; «целомудренный» means 'chaste, pure'. The narrator's wry phrase — her 'chaste triumph of a benefactress' — skewers Hohlakov's smug, self-admiring charity."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"отрезала","title":"«отрезать» — to cut off (in speech)","body":"Literally 'to cut off' («резать», to cut); used of speech, «отрезала» = she said it curtly, snipped the conversation short. Dostoevsky favors such cutting verbs of speech («отрезала», «перерезала», «перебила») to choreograph the duel of interruptions."}],"words":[{"surface":"Довольно","lemma":"довольно","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Enough"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"сказано","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, neuter, singular, perfective","role":"parallel clause to Довольно (idiom)","gloss":"said","note":"«сказано и сделано» is the idiom \"no sooner said than done\"."},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"сделано","lemma":"сделать","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, neuter, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with сказано","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"отрезала","lemma":"отрезать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cut in"},{"surface":"госпожа","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of отрезала","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлакова","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожа","gloss":"Khokhlakov"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking торжеством","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"целомудренным","lemma":"целомудренный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"modifies торжеством","gloss":"chaste"},{"surface":"торжеством","lemma":"торжество","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of отрезала","gloss":"triumph"},{"surface":"благодетельницы","lemma":"благодетельница","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies торжеством","gloss":"of a benefactress"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of обещала","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"обещала","lemma":"обещать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of спасти","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"спасти","lemma":"спасти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of обещала","gloss":"to save"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"спасу","lemma":"спасти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with обещала","gloss":"I will save"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of спасу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of спасу","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"спасу","lemma":"спасти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will save"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with Бельмесова","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Бельмесова","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Бельмесова","lemma":"бельмесова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"elliptical object of comparison with спасу","gloss":"Belmesova"},{"surface":"Что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of думаете","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"думаете","lemma":"думать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you think"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of думаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking приисках","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"золотых","lemma":"золотой","morphology":"adjective, locative, plural","role":"modifies приисках","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"приисках","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of думаете","gloss":"mines"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b8-c3-s93","source":"— О золотых приисках, сударыня! Я никогда ничего о них не думал.","translation":"\"Of gold mines, madam! I have never given them a single thought.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Я никогда ничего о них не думал.","title":"Triple negative concord","body":"Three negatives, one meaning: «никогда» (never) + «ничего» (nothing) + «не думал» (didn't think) = 'I never thought anything about them'. Russian's negative concord obliges every negative word to co-occur with «не» on the verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking приисках","gloss":"Of"},{"surface":"золотых","lemma":"золотой","morphology":"adjective, locative, plural","role":"modifies приисках","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"приисках","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mines"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of думал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"никогда","lemma":"никогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies думал","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ничего","lemma":"ничто","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"direct object of думал","gloss":"nothing","note":"Double negation with «не»: «никогда ничего... не думал» = \"never thought anything.\""},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking них","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"них","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, locative, plural","role":"oblique complement of думал","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies думал","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"думал","lemma":"думать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b8-c3-s94","source":"— А зато я за вас думала! Думала и передумала! Я уже целый месяц слежу за вами с этою целью. Я сто раз смотрела на вас, когда вы проходили, и повторяла себе: вот энергический человек, которому надо на прииски. Я изучила даже походку вашу и решила: этот человек найдет много приисков.","translation":"\"But I, for my part, have thought of them for you! Thought and thought again! For a whole month now I have been watching you with this very aim. A hundred times I have looked at you as you passed by and said to myself: there goes an energetic man, a man for the mines. I have even studied your gait, and decided: this man will find a great many mines.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"А зато я за вас думала!","title":"«а зато» — but I, by contrast","body":"Hohlakov flings Mitya's words back: «а» (contrastive 'but/whereas') plus «зато» ('to make up for it'), a doubled hinge — 'but I, on the other hand, thought of them for you!'. «за вас» ('for/on behalf of you') uses «за» + accusative."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Думала и передумала","title":"«передумать» — to think over and over","body":"The prefix пере- here means 'through/all over again': «передумала» = thought it through thoroughly, mulled it over and over. (The same verb can also mean 'to change one's mind'; context picks the 'think a great deal' sense.)"},{"kind":"grammar","term":"энергический человек, которому надо на прииски","title":"Relative «которому» — dative within its clause","body":"«который» joins the relative clause and takes the case its own role demands: here dative «которому», governed by impersonal «надо» — 'a man who must (go) to the mines'. Note the period form «энергический» for modern «энергичный»."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"зато","lemma":"зато","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"for my part"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of думала","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of думала","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"думала","lemma":"думать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have thought"},{"surface":"Думала","lemma":"думать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Thought"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"передумала","lemma":"передумать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with Думала","gloss":"thought again"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of слежу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies слежу","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"целый","lemma":"целый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of слежу","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"слежу","lemma":"следить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have been watching"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вами","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"вами","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"oblique complement of слежу","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking целью","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"этою","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of целью","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"целью","lemma":"цель","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of слежу","gloss":"aim"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of смотрела","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"сто","lemma":"сто","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on раз","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of смотрела","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"смотрела","lemma":"смотреть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have looked"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of смотрела","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of проходили","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of проходили","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"проходили","lemma":"проходить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on смотрела","gloss":"passed by"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"повторяла","lemma":"повторять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with смотрела","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of повторяла","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies человек","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"энергический","lemma":"энергический","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies человек","gloss":"energetic"},{"surface":"человек","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"content of повторяла (direct quote)","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"которому","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of надо","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative clause on человек","gloss":"needs"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking прииски","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"прииски","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of надо","gloss":"the mines"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of изучила","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"изучила","lemma":"изучить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have studied"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies походку","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"походку","lemma":"походка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of изучила","gloss":"gait"},{"surface":"вашу","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies походку","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"решила","lemma":"решить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with изучила","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of человек","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"человек","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of найдет","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"найдет","lemma":"найти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"content of решила (direct quote)","gloss":"will find"},{"surface":"много","lemma":"много","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on приисков","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"приисков","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of найдет","gloss":"mines"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b8-c3-s95","source":"— По походке, сударыня? — улыбнулся Митя.","translation":"\"By my gait, madam?\" Mitya smiled.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"По походке, сударыня?","title":"«по» + dative — 'by (the) gait'","body":"«по походке» — 'by/from the gait' — uses «по» + dative in its 'according to, on the basis of' sense. «походка» (gait, walk) is the means by which Hohlakov claims to read character."}],"words":[{"surface":"По","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking походке","gloss":"By"},{"surface":"походке","lemma":"походка","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gait"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"улыбнулся","lemma":"улыбнуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of улыбнулся","gloss":"Mitya"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b8-c3-s96","source":"— А что ж, и по походке. Что же, неужели вы отрицаете, что можно по походке узнавать характер, Дмитрий Федорович? Естественные науки подтверждают то же самое. О, я теперь реалистка, Дмитрий Федорович. Я с сегодняшнего дня, после всей этой истории в монастыре, которая меня так расстроила, совершенная реалистка и хочу броситься в практическую деятельность. Я излечена. Довольно! как сказал Тургенев.","translation":"\"And why not, by your gait too. Come, do you really deny that one can tell character by gait, Dmitri Fyodorovich? The natural sciences confirm the very same. Oh, I am a realist now, Dmitri Fyodorovich. From this day on, after that whole affair at the monastery, which so upset me, I am a thoroughgoing realist and mean to throw myself into practical activity. I am cured. Enough! as Turgenev said.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"неужели вы отрицаете, что можно по походке узнавать характер","title":"«неужели» and impersonal «можно»","body":"«неужели» voices incredulous challenge — 'do you really deny…?'. The subordinate clause runs on the impersonal «можно» ('one can') + infinitive «узнавать», with no subject — the typical subjectless 'one can tell character by gait'."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase (idiom «что ж»)","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ж","lemma":"ж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies походке","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking походке","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"походке","lemma":"походка","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"echoes «по походке узнавать характер» (elliptical)","gloss":"gait"},{"surface":"Что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase (idiom «что же»)","gloss":"Come now"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Что","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"неужели","lemma":"неужели","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies отрицаете","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of отрицаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"отрицаете","lemma":"отрицать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"deny"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of можно","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"можно","lemma":"можно","morphology":"adverb","role":"clausal complement of отрицаете","gloss":"one can"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking походке","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"походке","lemma":"походка","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of узнавать","gloss":"gait"},{"surface":"узнавать","lemma":"узнавать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"infinitive complement of можно","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"характер","lemma":"характер","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of узнавать","gloss":"character"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"Естественные","lemma":"естественный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies науки","gloss":"Natural"},{"surface":"науки","lemma":"наука","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of подтверждают","gloss":"sciences"},{"surface":"подтверждают","lemma":"подтверждать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"confirm"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of подтверждают","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"самое","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies то","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of реалистка","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies реалистка","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"реалистка","lemma":"реалистка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun, head of the phrase","gloss":"a realist"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of реалистка (w47, below)","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking дня","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"сегодняшнего","lemma":"сегодняшний","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies дня","gloss":"today's"},{"surface":"дня","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"после","lemma":"после","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking истории","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"всей","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of истории","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of истории","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"истории","lemma":"история","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition после","gloss":"affair"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking монастыре","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"монастыре","lemma":"монастырь","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies истории","gloss":"monastery"},{"surface":"которая","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of расстроила","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of расстроила","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies расстроила","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"расстроила","lemma":"расстроить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"relative clause on истории","gloss":"upset"},{"surface":"совершенная","lemma":"совершенный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies реалистка","gloss":"thoroughgoing"},{"surface":"реалистка","lemma":"реалистка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun of Я (w32)","gloss":"a realist"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"хочу","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with реалистка's clause","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"броситься","lemma":"броситься","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of хочу","gloss":"to throw myself"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking деятельность","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"практическую","lemma":"практический","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies деятельность","gloss":"practical"},{"surface":"деятельность","lemma":"деятельность","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of броситься","gloss":"activity"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of passive излечена","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"излечена","lemma":"излечить","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, feminine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am cured"},{"surface":"Довольно","lemma":"довольно","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase (exclamatory)","gloss":"Enough!"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of сказал","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"сказал","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Тургенев","lemma":"тургенев","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of сказал","gloss":"Turgenev"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b8-c3-s97","source":"— Но сударыня, эти три тысячи, которыми вы так великодушно меня обещали ссудить…","translation":"\"But, madam, these three thousand you so magnanimously promised to lend me…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"эти три тысячи, которыми вы… обещали ссудить","title":"Relative «которыми» — instrumental of the loan","body":"«которыми» is instrumental, governed by «ссудить» (to lend, supply with): 'the three thousand with which you promised to furnish me'. «ссудить (кого) (чем)» takes the person in the accusative and the thing lent in the instrumental."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"великодушно… ссудить","title":"«великодушный» / «ссудить»","body":"«великодушный» (literally 'great-souled') = magnanimous, generous; «ссудить» is the somewhat formal 'to lend, advance (money)'. Mitya keeps returning, plaintively, to her «великодушно обещали» — the magnanimity she keeps promising but never delivering."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of три","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"которыми","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"oblique complement of ссудить","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of обещали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies великодушно","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"великодушно","lemma":"великодушно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies обещали","gloss":"magnanimously"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of ссудить","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"обещали","lemma":"обещать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"relative clause on тысячи","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"ссудить","lemma":"ссудить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of обещали","gloss":"to lend"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b8-c3-s98","source":"— Вас не минуют, Дмитрий Федорович, — тотчас же перерезала госпожа Хохлакова, — эти три тысячи всё равно что у вас в кармане, и не три тысячи, а три миллиона Дмитрий Федорович, в самое короткое время! Я вам скажу вашу идею: вы отыщете прииски, наживете миллионы, воротитесь и станете деятелем, будете и нас двигать, направляя к добру. Неужели же всё предоставить жидам? Вы будете строить здания и разные предприятия. Вы будете помогать бедным, а те вас благословлять. Нынче век железных дорог, Дмитрий Федорович. Вы станете известны и необходимы министерству финансов, которое теперь так нуждается. Падение нашего кредитного рубля не дает мне спать, Дмитрий Федорович, с этой стороны меня мало знают…","translation":"\"They won't escape you, Dmitri Fyodorovich\", Madame Hohlakov broke in at once, \"those three thousand are as good as in your pocket — and not three thousand, but three million, Dmitri Fyodorovich, in the shortest possible time! I will tell you your idea: you will discover mines, make millions, come back, and become a man of affairs; you will set us in motion too, directing us toward the good. Surely it cannot all be left to the Jews? You will put up buildings and various enterprises. You will help the poor, and they will bless you. This is the age of railroads, Dmitri Fyodorovich. You will become known and indispensable to the Ministry of Finance, which is now in such straits. The fall of our paper rouble keeps me from sleeping, Dmitri Fyodorovich; on that side of me people know little…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Вас не минуют… эти три тысячи всё равно что у вас в кармане","title":"«вас не минуют» and «всё равно что»","body":"«минуть (кого)» = 'to pass (someone) by'; «вас не минуют» — 'they will not pass you by, won't escape you'. «всё равно что» ('it's all the same as / as good as') frames the money as 'as good as in your pocket' («у вас в кармане», у + genitive of possession)."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"вы отыщете прииски, наживете миллионы, воротитесь и станете деятелем","title":"Chain of perfective futures","body":"A breathless string of perfective futures — «отыщете» (will find), «наживёте» (will amass), «воротитесь» (will return), «станете» (will become) — each a single completed event in her fantasy. «станете деятелем» shows the predicate instrumental after «стать» ('become a man of affairs'); «воротитесь» is the older/colloquial «вернётесь»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of минуют","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies минуют","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"минуют","lemma":"миновать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"escape"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"тотчас","lemma":"тотчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies перерезала","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies тотчас","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"перерезала","lemma":"перерезать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"verb introducing the dialogue tag","gloss":"broke in"},{"surface":"госпожа","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of перерезала","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлакова","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожа","gloss":"Khokhlakova"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of три","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on три","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate of тысячи (idiom всё равно что)","gloss":"all the same"},{"surface":"равно","lemma":"равно","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom всё равно что","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with кармане","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"modifies кармане","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking кармане","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"кармане","lemma":"карман","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"complement of the idiom всё равно что","gloss":"pocket"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies три","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with тысячи (first)","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on миллиона","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"миллиона","lemma":"миллион","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with тысячи","gloss":"million"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking время","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"самое","lemma":"самый","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies короткое","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"короткое","lemma":"короткий","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies время","gloss":"shortest"},{"surface":"время","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of в (time frame)","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of скажу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of скажу","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"скажу","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"вашу","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of идею","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"идею","lemma":"идея","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of скажу","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of отыщете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"отыщете","lemma":"отыскать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"explains вашу идею","gloss":"will find"},{"surface":"прииски","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of отыщете","gloss":"mines"},{"surface":"наживете","lemma":"нажить","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with отыщете","gloss":"will amass"},{"surface":"миллионы","lemma":"миллион","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of наживете","gloss":"millions"},{"surface":"воротитесь","lemma":"воротиться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, second, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with отыщете","gloss":"will return"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"станете","lemma":"стать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with отыщете","gloss":"will become"},{"surface":"деятелем","lemma":"деятель","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"complement of станете","gloss":"a man of action"},{"surface":"будете","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"auxiliary of двигать","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies двигать","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"нас","lemma":"нас","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of двигать","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"двигать","lemma":"двигать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with станете","gloss":"set moving"},{"surface":"направляя","lemma":"направлять","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on двигать","gloss":"directing"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking добру","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"добру","lemma":"добро","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of направляя","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Неужели","lemma":"неужели","morphology":"particle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Неужели","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of предоставить","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"предоставить","lemma":"предоставить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on Неужели","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"жидам","lemma":"жид","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of предоставить","gloss":"the Jews","note":"An archaic, now-pejorative Russian word for Jews, common (unremarkably to Dostoevsky's narrator) in period speech; the translation renders it neutrally as \"the Jews.\""},{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of строить","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"будете","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"auxiliary of строить","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"строить","lemma":"строить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"build"},{"surface":"здания","lemma":"здание","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of строить","gloss":"buildings"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"разные","lemma":"разный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, plural","role":"modifies предприятия","gloss":"various"},{"surface":"предприятия","lemma":"предприятие","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with здания","gloss":"enterprises"},{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of помогать","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"будете","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"auxiliary of помогать","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"помогать","lemma":"помогать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"бедным","lemma":"бедный","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of помогать","gloss":"the poor"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"те","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"subject of благословлять","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of благословлять","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"благословлять","lemma":"благословлять","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with помогать","gloss":"will bless"},{"surface":"Нынче","lemma":"нынче","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies век (predicate)","gloss":"Nowadays"},{"surface":"век","lemma":"век","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (predicate)","gloss":"the age"},{"surface":"железных","lemma":"железный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies дорог","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"дорог","lemma":"дорога","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"modifies век","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of станете","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"станете","lemma":"стать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will become"},{"surface":"известны","lemma":"известный","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"complement of станете","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"необходимы","lemma":"необходимый","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with известны","gloss":"indispensable"},{"surface":"министерству","lemma":"министерство","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"indirect object of необходимы","gloss":"to the Ministry"},{"surface":"финансов","lemma":"финансы","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"modifies министерству","gloss":"of Finance"},{"surface":"которое","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of нуждается","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies нуждается","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies нуждается","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"нуждается","lemma":"нуждаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause on министерству","gloss":"is in need"},{"surface":"Падение","lemma":"падение","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of дает","gloss":"The fall"},{"surface":"нашего","lemma":"наш","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of рубля","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"кредитного","lemma":"кредитный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies рубля","gloss":"paper"},{"surface":"рубля","lemma":"рубль","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Падение","gloss":"rouble"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies дает","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"дает","lemma":"давать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"мне","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of дает","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"спать","lemma":"спать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of дает","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стороны","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of стороны","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"стороны","lemma":"сторона","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of знают","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of знают","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"мало","lemma":"мало","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знают","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"знают","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with дает","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b8-c3-s99","source":"— Сударыня, сударыня! — в каком-то беспокойном предчувствии прервал опять Дмитрий Федорович, — я весьма и весьма, может быть, последую вашему совету, умному совету вашему, сударыня, и отправлюсь, может быть, туда… на эти прииски… и еще раз приду к вам говорить об этом… даже много раз… но теперь эти три тысячи, которые вы так великодушно… О, они бы развязали меня, и если можно сегодня… То есть, видите ли у меня теперь ни часу, ни часу времени…","translation":"\"Madam, madam!\" Dmitri Fyodorovich broke in again in a kind of uneasy foreboding, \"I shall very, very likely follow your advice, your wise advice, madam, and I shall set off, perhaps, there… to those mines… and come again to talk with you about it… many times, even… but for now these three thousand, which you so magnanimously… Oh, they would set me free, and if it could be today… That is, you see, I have not an hour, not an hour of time now…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"может быть, последую вашему совету","title":"«последовать» + dative — to follow advice","body":"«последовать» governs the dative of what one follows: «вашему совету, умному совету вашему» ('your advice, your wise advice'). Mitya's stammered repetition, with the possessive postposed in «совету вашему», conveys his flustered flattery."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"О, они бы развязали меня","title":"Conditional «бы развязали»","body":"Past-form «развязали» + the particle «бы» yields the conditional — 'they would set me free'. «развязать» literally 'to untie, unbind', figuratively to free from a bind; the «бы» marks the longed-for, not-yet-real release."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"у меня теперь ни часу, ни часу времени","title":"Repeated «ни» and partitive «часу»","body":"«ни часу» ('not an hour') intensifies the absence with «ни», and «времени» stands in the genitive of negation under the implied 'I have not'. «часу» carries the old partitive genitive ending «-у», idiomatic in such 'not an hour of time' phrases."}],"words":[{"surface":"Сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Madam"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Сударыня","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking предчувствии","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"каком","lemma":"какой-то","morphology":"determiner, locative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of предчувствии","gloss":"some kind of"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"какой-то","morphology":"indefinite particle","role":"part of the indefinite какой-то","gloss":"indefinite marker"},{"surface":"беспокойном","lemma":"беспокойный","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies предчувствии","gloss":"uneasy"},{"surface":"предчувствии","lemma":"предчувствие","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of прервал","gloss":"foreboding"},{"surface":"прервал","lemma":"прервать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"verb of the dialogue tag","gloss":"broke in"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прервал","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of прервал","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of последую","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"весьма","lemma":"весьма","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with весьма (second)","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"весьма","lemma":"весьма","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies последую","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical (может быть, \"perhaps\")","gloss":"may be"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of может","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"последую","lemma":"последовать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with прервал","gloss":"will follow"},{"surface":"вашему","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of совету","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"совету","lemma":"совет","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of последую","gloss":"advice"},{"surface":"умному","lemma":"умный","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies совету (second)","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"совету","lemma":"совет","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to совету (first)","gloss":"advice"},{"surface":"вашему","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of совету (second)","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"отправлюсь","lemma":"отправиться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, first, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with прервал","gloss":"will set off"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical (может быть, \"perhaps\")","gloss":"may be"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of может","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"туда","lemma":"туда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отправлюсь","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking прииски","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of прииски","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"прииски","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of на","gloss":"mines"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies раз","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of приду","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"приду","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with отправлюсь","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вам","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"oblique complement of говорить","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"говорить","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of приду","gloss":"to talk"},{"surface":"об","lemma":"об","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking этом","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"этом","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of говорить","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies много","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"много","lemma":"много","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies приду","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on много","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies тысячи (topic)","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of три","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (topic, sentence trails off)","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"которые","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"refers to тысячи (object of the elided verb)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of великодушно","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies великодушно","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"великодушно","lemma":"великодушно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the elided verb (sentence trails off)","gloss":"magnanimously"},{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection introducing развязали","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"они","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of развязали","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"conditional particle","role":"marks развязали as conditional","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"развязали","lemma":"развязать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set free"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of развязали","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of можно","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"можно","lemma":"можно","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with развязали","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"сегодня","lemma":"сегодня","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies можно","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"То","lemma":"то","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the idiom то есть","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the idiom то есть","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"видите","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies видите (parenthetical видите ли)","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of видите (у меня, \"I have\")","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies видите","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"часу","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"genitive complement of у меня (negated existence)","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"часу","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with часу (first)","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"времени","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies часу","gloss":"of time"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b8-c3-s100","source":"— Довольно, Дмитрий Федорович, довольно! — настойчиво прервала госпожа Хохлакова. — Вопрос: едете вы на прииски или нет, решились ли вы вполне, отвечайте математически.","translation":"\"Enough, Dmitri Fyodorovich, enough!\" Madame Hohlakov broke in insistently. \"The question: are you going to the mines or not? Have you made up your mind fully? Answer mathematically.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"едете вы на прииски или нет","title":"Imperfective present for planned future","body":"«едете» is the imperfective present of «ехать» (to go by vehicle), used here for a settled plan — 'are you going to the mines or not?'. Russian regularly uses the present of motion verbs for an intended near-future trip."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"решились ли вы вполне","title":"Interrogative particle «ли»","body":"«решились ли вы» fronts the focused verb «решились» (have you resolved, reflexive «решиться») and follows it with the yes/no particle «ли» — the formal, literary way to pose the question 'have you quite made up your mind?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Довольно","lemma":"довольно","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Enough"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"довольно","lemma":"довольно","morphology":"adverb","role":"repeats Довольно (emphatic)","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"настойчиво","lemma":"настойчиво","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прервала","gloss":"insistently"},{"surface":"прервала","lemma":"прервать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"verb of the dialogue tag","gloss":"broke in"},{"surface":"госпожа","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of прервала","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлакова","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожа","gloss":"Khokhlakova"},{"surface":"Вопрос","lemma":"вопрос","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (topic)","gloss":"The question"},{"surface":"едете","lemma":"ехать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"explains Вопрос","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of едете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking прииски","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"прииски","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of едете","gloss":"the mines"},{"surface":"или","lemma":"или","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinated with едете","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"решились","lemma":"решиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"parallel clause to едете","gloss":"have decided"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies решились","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of решились","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"вполне","lemma":"вполне","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies решились","gloss":"fully"},{"surface":"отвечайте","lemma":"отвечать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with едете","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"математически","lemma":"математически","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отвечайте","gloss":"precisely"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b8-c3-s101","source":"— Еду, сударыня, потом… Я поеду, куда хотите, сударыня… но теперь…","translation":"\"I'll go, madam, later… I will go wherever you like, madam… but now…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Еду, сударыня… Я поеду, куда хотите","title":"«еду» vs «поеду» — present vs perfective future","body":"Mitya first throws out the bare imperfective present «еду» ('I'm going [yes, going]'), then the prefixed perfective future «поеду» ('I will set off'). The shift from present to «по-» future, plus «куда хотите» ('wherever you wish'), shows his frantic willingness to promise anything."}],"words":[{"surface":"Еду","lemma":"ехать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'm going"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"потом","lemma":"потом","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Еду","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of поеду","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"поеду","lemma":"поехать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"куда","lemma":"куда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies хотите","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"хотите","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"relative clause on поеду","gloss":"you like"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase (sentence trails off)","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b8-c3-s102","source":"— Подождите же! — крикнула госпожа Хохлакова, вскочила и бросилась к своему великолепному бюро с бесчисленными ящичками и начала выдвигать один ящик за другим, что-то отыскивая и ужасно торопясь.","translation":"\"Wait, then!\" cried Madame Hohlakov, sprang up, and rushed to her magnificent escritoire with its countless little drawers, and began pulling out one drawer after another, hunting for something and in a terrible hurry.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"вскочила и бросилась… начала выдвигать… что-то отыскивая","title":"Perfectives + simultaneity, with gerund «отыскивая»","body":"A rush of perfectives — «вскочила» (sprang up), «бросилась» (rushed), «начала» (began) — drives her dash to the desk, while the imperfective present gerund «отыскивая» ('searching') runs alongside as attendant manner. «что-то» (something) uses «-то» for a specific-but-unnamed object."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"бюро с бесчисленными ящичками","title":"«бюро» and «ящичек»","body":"«бюро» here is a writing-desk/escritoire; «ящичек» is the diminutive of «ящик» (drawer/box) — its 'little drawers'. The «-чик» diminutive simply marks the small compartments of the fine cabinet."}],"words":[{"surface":"Подождите","lemma":"подождать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Wait"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Подождите","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"крикнула","lemma":"крикнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"verb of the dialogue tag","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"госпожа","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to крикнула","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлакова","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожа","gloss":"Khokhlakova"},{"surface":"вскочила","lemma":"вскочить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with крикнула","gloss":"jumped up"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"бросилась","lemma":"броситься","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with вскочила","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking бюро","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"своему","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of бюро","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"великолепному","lemma":"великолепный","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies бюро","gloss":"magnificent"},{"surface":"бюро","lemma":"бюро","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of бросилась","gloss":"writing desk"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ящичками","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"бесчисленными","lemma":"бесчисленный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, plural","role":"modifies ящичками","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"ящичками","lemma":"ящичек","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, plural","role":"modifies бюро","gloss":"little drawers"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"начала","lemma":"начать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with бросилась","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"выдвигать","lemma":"выдвигать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of начала","gloss":"pulling out"},{"surface":"один","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, accusative, masculine","role":"quantifies ящик","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ящик","lemma":"ящик","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of выдвигать","gloss":"drawer"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking другим","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"другим","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of выдвигать","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что-то","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of отыскивая","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"что-то","morphology":"indefinite particle","role":"part of the indefinite что-то","gloss":"indefinite marker"},{"surface":"отыскивая","lemma":"отыскивать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on начала","gloss":"searching for"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ужасно","lemma":"ужасно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies торопясь","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"торопясь","lemma":"торопиться","morphology":"verb, present, middle, converb, imperfective","role":"coordinated with отыскивая","gloss":"hurrying"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b8-c3-s103","source":"«Три тысячи! — подумал, замирая, Митя, — и это сейчас, безо всяких бумаг, без акта… о, это по-джентльменски! Великолепная женщина, и. если бы только не так разговорчива…»","translation":"\"Three thousand!\" thought Mitya, his heart standing still, \"and at once, without any papers, without any deed of contract… oh, this is gentlemanly! A splendid woman, and — if only she weren't so talkative…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"подумал, замирая, Митя","title":"Gerund «замирая» — 'his heart standing still'","body":"«замирая» is an imperfective present gerund (деепричастие) of «замирать» (to freeze, go numb, hold one's breath) — Mitya thinks this 'with sinking heart'. The gerund, set off by commas inside the speech-tag, gives the simultaneous inner state."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"безо всяких бумаг, без акта","title":"«безо», «акт» — without papers or deed","body":"«безо» is the form «без» takes before certain consonant clusters («безо всяких»). «акт» here is a formal legal deed/document. Mitya marvels that she'll hand over the money «по-джентльменски» — gentleman-fashion, on trust, with no paperwork."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"если бы только не так разговорчива","title":"Wistful conditional with «если бы только»","body":"An elliptical conditional/wish: «если бы только (она была) не так разговорчива» — 'if only she weren't so talkative'. «бы» + the implied past makes it irrealis; «только» heightens it to a sigh. «разговорчива» is the short-form adjective."}],"words":[{"surface":"Три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"Three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (exclamation)","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"подумал","lemma":"подумать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"verb of the dialogue tag","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"замирая","lemma":"замирать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on подумал","gloss":"faltering"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of подумал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"topic of the elliptical clause (no verb)","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"сейчас","lemma":"сейчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies это (elliptical)","gloss":"right now"},{"surface":"безо","lemma":"без","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking бумаг","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"всяких","lemma":"всякий","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of бумаг","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"бумаг","lemma":"бумага","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"complement of preposition безо","gloss":"papers"},{"surface":"без","lemma":"без","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking акта","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"акта","lemma":"акт","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"complement of preposition без","gloss":"written deed"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of по-джентльменски (elided copula)","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по-джентльменски","morphology":"part of compound adverb по-джентльменски","role":"part of the predicate по-джентльменски","gloss":"in the manner of"},{"surface":"джентльменски","lemma":"по-джентльменски","morphology":"part of compound adverb по-джентльменски","role":"part of the predicate по-джентльменски","gloss":"a gentleman"},{"surface":"Великолепная","lemma":"великолепный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies женщина","gloss":"Splendid"},{"surface":"женщина","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the next clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of разговорчива","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"conditional particle","role":"marks the clause as conditional","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies не","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies так","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies разговорчива","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"разговорчива","lemma":"разговорчивый","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"talkative"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b8-c3-s104","source":"— Вот! — вскрикнула в радости госпожа Хохлакова, возвращаясь к Мите, — вот что я искала!","translation":"\"Here!\" Madame Hohlakov cried out joyfully, coming back to Mitya, \"here is what I was looking for!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"вот что я искала","title":"Presentative «вот» + relative «что»","body":"«вот что я искала» — 'here is what I was looking for', with presentative «вот» ('here') introducing the «что»-clause as a free relative ('the thing which'). The imperfective «искала» frames the searching as the ongoing process now triumphantly ended."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"head of the phrase (exclamation)","gloss":"Here"},{"surface":"вскрикнула","lemma":"вскрикнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"verb of the dialogue tag","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking радости","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"радости","lemma":"радость","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вскрикнула","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"госпожа","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of вскрикнула","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлакова","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожа","gloss":"Khokhlakova"},{"surface":"возвращаясь","lemma":"возвращаться","morphology":"verb, present, middle, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on вскрикнула","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Мите","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Мите","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of возвращаясь","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of искала","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of искала","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"искала","lemma":"искать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with вскрикнула","gloss":"was looking for"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b8-c3-s105","source":"Это был крошечный серебряный образок на шнурке, из тех, какие носят иногда вместе с нательным крестом.","translation":"It was a tiny silver ikon on a cord, of the kind sometimes worn together with the cross next to the skin.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"крошечный серебряный образок","title":"«образок» — a little ikon","body":"«образок» is the diminutive of «образ» (ikon, holy image): a tiny ikon worn on the body. The «-ок» diminutive marks the small devotional object; «крошечный» ('teeny, crumb-sized', from «крошка», crumb) doubles the smallness."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of был","gloss":"It"},{"surface":"был","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking Это to the predicate образок","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"крошечный","lemma":"крошечный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies образок","gloss":"tiny"},{"surface":"серебряный","lemma":"серебряный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies образок","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"образок","lemma":"образок","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominative after был","gloss":"ikon"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шнурке","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"шнурке","lemma":"шнурок","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"object of на, modifies образок","gloss":"a cord"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тех","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"тех","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"object of из, refers back to the kind of ikon/cord","gloss":"the kind"},{"surface":"какие","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"direct object of носят (indefinite-personal 'they wear', antecedent тех = the ikons)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"носят","lemma":"носить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"relative clause on тех","gloss":"are worn"},{"surface":"иногда","lemma":"иногда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies носят","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"вместе","lemma":"вместе","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies носят","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking крестом","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"нательным","lemma":"нательный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies крестом","gloss":"worn next to the skin","note":"нательный крест = a cross worn against the bare skin, as opposed to on a chain outside clothing."},{"surface":"крестом","lemma":"крест","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вместе с","gloss":"cross"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b8-c3-s106","source":"— Это из Киева, Дмитрий Федорович, — с благоговением продолжала она, — от мощей Варвары-великомученицы. Позвольте мне самой вам надеть на шею и тем благословить вас на новую жизнь и на новые подвиги.","translation":"\"This is from Kiev, Dmitri Fyodorovich\", she went on with reverence, \"from the relics of Varvara, the Great Martyr. Allow me to hang it round your neck myself and thereby bless you for a new life and new exploits.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"благословить вас на новую жизнь и на новые подвиги","title":"«благословить на» + accusative","body":"«благословить (кого) на (что)» — to bless someone 'for/unto' some undertaking, with «на» + accusative naming what they are blessed toward («на новую жизнь… на новые подвиги»). «подвиг» is a feat or spiritual exploit, a word with a heroic-religious ring."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Позвольте мне самой вам надеть на шею","title":"Intensive «самой» — '(I) myself'","body":"«самой» (dative feminine of «сам», 'oneself') intensifies «мне» — 'allow me myself to put it on you'. The reflexive-intensive «сам» agrees in case with the pronoun it reinforces, here the dative «мне» of «позвольте мне… надеть»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject; predicate is the prepositional phrase из Киева","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Киева","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Киева","lemma":"киев","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"object of из, predicate of Это","gloss":"Kiev"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, direct address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking благоговением","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"благоговением","lemma":"благоговение","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of продолжала","gloss":"reverence"},{"surface":"продолжала","lemma":"продолжать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the narrative frame (reports the quote)","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of продолжала","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мощей","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"мощей","lemma":"мощи","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"object of от, second predicate of Это (coordinated with из Киева)","gloss":"the relics"},{"surface":"Варвары","lemma":"варвара","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies мощей","gloss":"Varvara's"},{"surface":"великомученицы","lemma":"великомученица","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Варвары","gloss":"the Great Martyr"},{"surface":"Позвольте","lemma":"позволить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Allow"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of Позвольте","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"самой","lemma":"сама","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"emphatic modifier of мне (\"myself\")","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of надеть","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"надеть","lemma":"надеть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of Позвольте","gloss":"hang it"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шею","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"шею","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of надеть","gloss":"your neck"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"тем","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of благословить (\"thereby\")","gloss":"thereby"},{"surface":"благословить","lemma":"благословить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with надеть","gloss":"bless"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of благословить","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking жизнь","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"новую","lemma":"новый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies жизнь","gloss":"a new"},{"surface":"жизнь","lemma":"жизнь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of благословить","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking подвиги","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"новые","lemma":"новый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"modifies подвиги","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"подвиги","lemma":"подвиг","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with жизнь, oblique complement of благословить","gloss":"exploits"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b8-c3-s107","source":"И она действительно накинула ему образок на шею и стала было вправлять его. Митя в большом смущении принагнулся и стал ей помогать и наконец вправил себе образок чрез галстук и ворот рубашки на грудь.","translation":"And she did indeed throw the ikon over his neck and began to tuck it in. Mitya, in great embarrassment, bent down and started to help her, and at last tucked the ikon down inside his necktie and shirt collar onto his chest.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"стала было вправлять… стал ей помогать","title":"Inceptive «стать» + infinitive, and «было»","body":"«стать» + imperfective infinitive marks the onset of an action — «стала вправлять» ('began to tuck in'), «стал помогать» ('began to help'). The particle «было» on «стала было» again signals an action begun and then interrupted/redirected."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"принагнулся… чрез галстук и ворот","title":"«принагнуться», «чрез»","body":"«принагнуться» (with the softening при-) is to bend down a little. «чрез» is the bookish/archaic form of «через» ('through'): he tucks the ikon «чрез галстук и ворот рубашки» — down through his necktie and shirt-collar. The older «чрез» lends a period texture."}],"words":[{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of накинула","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"действительно","lemma":"действительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies накинула","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"накинула","lemma":"накинуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of накинула","gloss":"over him"},{"surface":"образок","lemma":"образок","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of накинула","gloss":"the ikon"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шею","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"шею","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of накинула","gloss":"his neck"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"стала","lemma":"стать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with накинула","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"было","morphology":"particle, marking an interrupted/attempted action","role":"modifies стала (\"started to, but...\")","gloss":"started to","note":"было after a past-tense verb marks an action begun or intended but then interrupted."},{"surface":"вправлять","lemma":"вправлять","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of стала","gloss":"tuck it in"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of вправлять","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of принагнулся","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking смущении","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"большом","lemma":"большой","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies смущении","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"смущении","lemma":"смущение","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of принагнулся","gloss":"embarrassment"},{"surface":"принагнулся","lemma":"принагнуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bent down"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"стал","lemma":"стать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with принагнулся","gloss":"started"},{"surface":"ей","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of помогать","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"помогать","lemma":"помогать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of стал","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"наконец","lemma":"наконец","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вправил","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"вправил","lemma":"вправить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with помогать","gloss":"tucked"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of вправил","gloss":"for himself"},{"surface":"образок","lemma":"образок","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of вправил","gloss":"the ikon"},{"surface":"чрез","lemma":"чрез","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking галстук","gloss":"through","note":"чрез is an archaic/literary form of через (\"through\")."},{"surface":"галстук","lemma":"галстук","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of чрез","gloss":"his necktie"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ворот","lemma":"ворот","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with галстук, object of чрез","gloss":"collar"},{"surface":"рубашки","lemma":"рубашка","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ворот","gloss":"of his shirt"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking грудь","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"грудь","lemma":"грудь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вправил (destination: onto his chest)","gloss":"his chest"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b8-c3-s108","source":"— Вот теперь вы можете ехать! — произнесла госпожа Хохлакова, торжественно садясь опять на место.","translation":"\"There, now you may go!\" pronounced Madame Hohlakov, sitting down again triumphantly in her place.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"теперь вы можете ехать","title":"«мочь» + imperfective infinitive of motion","body":"«можете ехать» — 'you may/can go (by vehicle)' — pairs the modal «мочь» with the unidirectional motion verb «ехать», fitting a single onward journey. «вот теперь» ('there, now') marks her satisfied conclusion."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"торжественно садясь опять на место","title":"Gerund «садясь» — 'sitting down'","body":"«садясь» is an imperfective present gerund (деепричастие) of the reflexive «садиться» (to sit down), giving the simultaneous action: she pronounces this 'as she sits down again, triumphantly, in her place'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies теперь","gloss":"There"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies можете","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of можете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"можете","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ехать","lemma":"ехать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of можете","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"произнесла","lemma":"произнести","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the narrative frame (reports the quote)","gloss":"pronounced"},{"surface":"госпожа","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of произнесла","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлакова","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожа","gloss":"Hohlakov"},{"surface":"торжественно","lemma":"торжественно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies садясь","gloss":"triumphantly"},{"surface":"садясь","lemma":"садиться","morphology":"verb, present, middle, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on произнесла","gloss":"sitting down"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies садясь","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking место","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"место","lemma":"место","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of садясь","gloss":"her place"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b8-c3-s109","source":"— Сударыня, я так тронут… и не знаю, как даже благодарить… за такие чувства, но если бы вы знали, как мне дорого теперь время!.. Эта сумма, которую я столь жду от вашего великодушия… О сударыня, если уж вы так добры, так трогательно великодушны ко мне, — воскликнул вдруг во вдохновении Митя, — то позвольте мне вам открыть… что, впрочем, вы давно уже знаете… что я люблю здесь одно существо… Я изменил Кате… Катерине Ивановне, я хочу сказать. О, я был бесчеловечен и бесчестен пред нею, но я здесь полюбил другую… одну женщину, сударыня, может быть презираемую вами, потому что вы всё уже знаете, но которую я никак не могу оставить, никак, а потому теперь, эти три тысячи.","translation":"\"Madam, I am so touched… and do not even know how to thank you… for such feelings; but if you knew how precious time is to me now!.. This sum, which I so look for from your magnanimity… Oh, madam, if you are indeed so kind, so touchingly magnanimous to me\", Mitya suddenly exclaimed in inspiration, \"then allow me to confess to you… what, incidentally, you have long known anyway… that I love a certain being here… I have betrayed Katya… Katerina Ivanovna, I mean to say. Oh, I have been inhuman and dishonorable toward her, but here I have come to love another… one woman, madam, perhaps one you despise, since you already know everything, but one whom I can in no way give up, in no way — and so now, these three thousand.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"если бы вы знали, как мне дорого теперь время","title":"Conditional «если бы знали» + dative «мне дорого»","body":"A counterfactual wish: «если бы вы знали» ('if only you knew'), past-form + «бы». The exclamatory clause is impersonal-experiential — «мне дорого… время», dative «мне» with the neuter predicate «дорого» ('to me time is precious')."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"одно существо","title":"«существо» — a (certain) being, creature","body":"«существо» means 'being, creature'. Used of a person — «одно существо здесь» ('a certain being here') — it is tenderly evasive, a euphemism that lets Mitya speak of Grushenka without naming her, heightening the confession's emotional charge."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"которую я никак не могу оставить, никак","title":"«никак не» — 'in no way'","body":"«никак не могу оставить» = 'I can in no way give (her) up', the negative adverb «никак» reinforcing «не могу» (negative concord again). «которую» is the accusative relative, object of «оставить». The repetition of «никак» underscores Mitya's helplessness."}],"words":[{"surface":"Сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, direct address","gloss":"Madam"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of тронут","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies тронут","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"тронут","lemma":"тронуть","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"predicate complement of я (short passive participle)","gloss":"am touched"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with тронут, second predicate of я","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies благодарить","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies благодарить","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"благодарить","lemma":"благодарить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of знаю","gloss":"to thank you"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чувства","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"такие","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of чувства","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"чувства","lemma":"чувство","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"object of за","gloss":"feelings"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of знали","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"marks the conditional mood of знали","gloss":"[conditional]"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of знали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"знали","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"conditional clause modifying дорого","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of дорого","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of дорого","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"дорого","lemma":"дорого","morphology":"adjective, short form, neuter, singular","role":"predicate of время","gloss":"precious"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies дорого","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"время","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of дорого","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"Эта","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of сумма","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"сумма","lemma":"сумма","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"которую","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of жду","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of жду","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"столь","lemma":"столь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies жду","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"жду","lemma":"ждать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause on сумма","gloss":"look for"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking великодушия","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"вашего","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of великодушия","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"великодушия","lemma":"великодушие","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of от","gloss":"magnanimity"},{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation introducing the clause","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, direct address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of добры","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies добры","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of добры","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies добры","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"добры","lemma":"добрый","morphology":"adjective, short form, plural","role":"conditional clause modifying великодушны","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies великодушны","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"трогательно","lemma":"трогательно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies великодушны","gloss":"touchingly"},{"surface":"великодушны","lemma":"великодушный","morphology":"adjective, short form, plural","role":"predicate of вы","gloss":"magnanimous"},{"surface":"ко","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мне","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"oblique complement of великодушны","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"воскликнул","lemma":"воскликнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the narrative frame (reports the quote)","gloss":"exclaimed"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies воскликнул","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"во","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вдохновении","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"вдохновении","lemma":"вдохновение","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of воскликнул","gloss":"inspiration"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of воскликнул","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle, correlative","role":"correlative particle resuming the если-clause, introduces позвольте","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"позвольте","lemma":"позволить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"allow"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of позвольте","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of открыть","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"открыть","lemma":"открыть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of позвольте","gloss":"to confess"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of знаете","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"впрочем","lemma":"впрочем","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical, modifies знаете","gloss":"incidentally"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of знаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"давно","lemma":"давно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знаете","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знаете","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"знаете","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of открыть","gloss":"have known"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of люблю","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of люблю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"люблю","lemma":"любить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of знаете","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"здесь","lemma":"здесь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies люблю","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"одно","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"quantifies существо","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"существо","lemma":"существо","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of люблю","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of изменил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"изменил","lemma":"изменить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have betrayed"},{"surface":"Кате","lemma":"катя","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of изменил","gloss":"Katya","note":"Катя is the affectionate nickname for Катерина."},{"surface":"Катерине","lemma":"катерина","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Кате, clarifying the name","gloss":"Katerina"},{"surface":"Ивановне","lemma":"ивановна","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Катерине","gloss":"Ivanovna"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of хочу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"хочу","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"сказать","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of хочу","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation introducing the clause","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of бесчеловечен","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"был","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking я to бесчеловечен","gloss":"have been"},{"surface":"бесчеловечен","lemma":"бесчеловечный","morphology":"adjective, short form, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective describing я","gloss":"inhuman"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"бесчестен","lemma":"бесчестный","morphology":"adjective, short form, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with бесчеловечен","gloss":"dishonorable"},{"surface":"пред","lemma":"пред","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нею","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"нею","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"object of пред","gloss":"her","note":"нею is the archaic/literary instrumental form of она, alongside modern ней."},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of полюбил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"здесь","lemma":"здесь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies полюбил","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"полюбил","lemma":"полюбить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb, contrasted with бесчеловечен/бесчестен by но","gloss":"have come to love"},{"surface":"другую","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of полюбил","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"одну","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"quantifies женщину","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"женщину","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to другую, direct object of полюбил","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, direct address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the fixed phrase может быть (\"perhaps\"), modifying женщину","gloss":"may","note":"может быть is a fixed expression meaning \"perhaps.\""},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase может быть","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"презираемую","lemma":"презираемый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies женщину (passive participle: \"perhaps despised\")","gloss":"despised"},{"surface":"вами","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"agent of презираемую (\"by you\")","gloss":"by you"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase потому что (\"because\"), introduces the clause of знаете","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase потому что","gloss":"[because]"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of знаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of знаете","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знаете","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"знаете","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"potому что-clause modifying может быть","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"которую","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of оставить","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of могу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"никак","lemma":"никак","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies могу","gloss":"in no way"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies могу","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"могу","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause on женщину","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"оставить","lemma":"оставить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могу","gloss":"give up"},{"surface":"никак","lemma":"никак","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies оставить, emphatic repetition","gloss":"no way"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the concluding elliptical clause (\"that's why\")","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the elliptical predicate","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of тысячи","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"head of the final elliptical phrase (the topic: the three thousand)","gloss":"thousand"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b8-c3-s110","source":"— Оставьте всё, Дмитрий Федорович! — самым решительным тоном перебила госпожа Хохлакова. — Оставьте, и особенно женщин. Ваша цель — прииски, а женщин туда незачем везти. Потом, когда вы возвратитесь в богатстве и славе, вы найдете себе подругу сердца в самом высшем обществе. Это будет девушка современная, с познаниями и без предрассудков. К тому времени, как раз созреет теперь начавшийся женский вопрос, и явится новая женщина…","translation":"\"Drop it all, Dmitri Fyodorovich!\" Madame Hohlakov broke in in the most decisive tone. \"Drop it, and women especially. Your goal is the mines, and there is no need to take women out there. Later, when you come back in wealth and glory, you will find yourself a companion of the heart in the very highest society. She will be a modern girl, with learning and without prejudices. By that time the woman question, just now beginning, will have ripened, and a new woman will appear…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Оставьте всё… Оставьте, и особенно женщин.","title":"Imperative «оставьте» — drop it","body":"«оставьте» is the polite/plural imperative of «оставить» (to leave, drop, abandon): 'drop it all'. Its blunt repetition, then «и особенно женщин» ('and women especially', accusative plural), shows Hohlakov briskly steamrolling Mitya's confession."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"женщин туда незачем везти","title":"Impersonal «незачем» + infinitive","body":"«незачем везти» — 'there's no reason/point taking (women) out there', the impersonal negative predicate «незачем» ('no use, no need') plus infinitive «везти» (to convey, the unidirectional motion verb for carrying). Wholly subjectless, a typical Russian impersonal."}],"words":[{"surface":"Оставьте","lemma":"оставить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Drop"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of Оставьте","gloss":"it all"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, direct address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"самым","lemma":"самый","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies решительным","gloss":"the most"},{"surface":"решительным","lemma":"решительный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies тоном","gloss":"decisive"},{"surface":"тоном","lemma":"тон","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of перебила","gloss":"tone"},{"surface":"перебила","lemma":"перебить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the narrative frame (reports the quote)","gloss":"broke in"},{"surface":"госпожа","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of перебила","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлакова","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожа","gloss":"Hohlakov"},{"surface":"Оставьте","lemma":"оставить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Drop it"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"особенно","lemma":"особенно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies женщин","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"женщин","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Оставьте (w11)","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"Ваша","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of цель","gloss":"Your"},{"surface":"цель","lemma":"цель","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject; predicate nominative is прииски","gloss":"goal"},{"surface":"прииски","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"predicate nominative (elided copula)","gloss":"the mines"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"женщин","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of везти","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"туда","lemma":"туда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies везти","gloss":"out there"},{"surface":"незачем","lemma":"незачем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies везти","gloss":"no need to"},{"surface":"везти","lemma":"везти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with прииски","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"Потом","lemma":"потом","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies найдете","gloss":"Later"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of возвратитесь","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of возвратитесь","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"возвратитесь","lemma":"возвратиться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, second, plural, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on найдете","gloss":"come back"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking богатстве","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"богатстве","lemma":"богатство","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of возвратитесь","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"славе","lemma":"слава","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with богатстве","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of найдете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"найдете","lemma":"найти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will find"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of найдете","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"подругу","lemma":"подруга","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of найдете","gloss":"a companion"},{"surface":"сердца","lemma":"сердце","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies подругу","gloss":"of the heart"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking обществе","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"самом","lemma":"самый","morphology":"determiner, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies высшем","gloss":"the very"},{"surface":"высшем","lemma":"высокий","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies обществе","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"обществе","lemma":"общество","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of найдете","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of будет; predicate is девушка","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"будет","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking Это to девушка","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"девушка","lemma":"девушка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominative","gloss":"a girl"},{"surface":"современная","lemma":"современный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies девушка","gloss":"modern"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking познаниями","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"познаниями","lemma":"познание","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of с, describes девушка","gloss":"learning"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"без","lemma":"без","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking предрассудков","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"предрассудков","lemma":"предрассудок","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with познаниями (both describe девушка)","gloss":"prejudices"},{"surface":"К","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking времени","gloss":"By"},{"surface":"тому","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of времени","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"времени","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"object of к","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the fixed phrase как раз (\"exactly\"), modifies созреет","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase как раз","gloss":"precisely","note":"как раз is a fixed adverbial phrase meaning \"just, precisely.\""},{"surface":"созреет","lemma":"созреть","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"clause modifying времени","gloss":"will have ripened"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies начавшийся","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"начавшийся","lemma":"начаться","morphology":"verb, past, active, participle, masculine, nominative, singular, perfective","role":"modifies вопрос","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"женский","lemma":"женский","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вопрос","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"вопрос","lemma":"вопрос","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of созреет","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"явится","lemma":"явиться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with созреет","gloss":"will appear"},{"surface":"новая","lemma":"новый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies женщина","gloss":"a new"},{"surface":"женщина","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of явится","gloss":"woman"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b8-c3-s111","source":"— Сударыня, это не то, не то… — сложил было, умоляя руки Дмитрий Федорович.","translation":"\"Madam, that's not it, not it…\" Dmitri Fyodorovich clasped his hands imploringly.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"сложил было, умоляя руки","title":"Particle «было» and gerund «умоляя»","body":"«сложил было… руки» — 'began to clasp his hands (and was cut off)', the «было» marking the gesture interrupted. «умоляя» is an imperfective present gerund (деепричастие) of «умолять» (to implore), 'imploringly', running alongside the clasping."}],"words":[{"surface":"Сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, direct address","gloss":"Madam"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of то","gloss":"that's"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate nominative","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with то (emphatic repetition)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"сложил","lemma":"сложить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"clasped"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"было","morphology":"particle, marking an interrupted/attempted action","role":"modifies сложил","gloss":"started to","note":"было here marks an action just begun, echoing the same construction as стала было earlier in the chapter."},{"surface":"умоляя","lemma":"умолять","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial converb describing manner of сложил","gloss":"imploringly"},{"surface":"руки","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of сложил","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of сложил","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b8-c3-s112","source":"— То самое, Дмитрий Федорович, именно то, что вам надо, чего вы жаждете, сами не зная того. Я вовсе не прочь от теперешнего женского вопроса, Дмитрий Федорович. Женское развитие и даже политическая роль женщины в самом ближайшем будущем — вот мой идеал. У меня у самой дочь, Дмитрий Федорович, и с этой стороны меня мало знают. Я написала по этому поводу писателю Щедрину. Этот писатель мне столько указал, столько указал в назначении женщины, что я отправила ему прошлого года анонимное письмо в две строки: «Обнимаю и целую вас, мой писатель, за современную женщину, продолжайте». И подписалась: «мать». Я хотела было подписаться «современная мать» и колебалась, но остановилась просто на матери: больше красоты нравственной, Дмитрий Федорович, да и слово «современная» напомнило бы им «Современник» — воспоминание для них горькое ввиду нынешней цензуры… Ах, боже мой, что с вами?","translation":"\"It is precisely it, Dmitri Fyodorovich, precisely what you need, what you thirst for without knowing it yourself. I am by no means averse to the present woman question, Dmitri Fyodorovich. The development of woman, and even the political role of woman in the very nearest future — there is my ideal. I have a daughter of my own, Dmitri Fyodorovich, and on that side of me people know little. I wrote on this subject to the writer Shchedrin. That writer pointed out to me so much, so much, concerning woman's calling, that last year I sent him an anonymous letter of two lines: \"I embrace and kiss you, my writer, for the modern woman; carry on\". And I signed it: \"a mother\". I had thought of signing \"a modern mother\" and hesitated, but settled simply on a mother: there is more moral beauty in it, Dmitri Fyodorovich, and besides, the word \"modern\" would have reminded them of \"The Contemporary\" — a memory bitter to them in view of the present censorship… Ah, good heavens, what is the matter with you?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"чего вы жаждете, сами не зная того","title":"«жаждать» + genitive; gerund «не зная»","body":"«жаждать» ('to thirst for') governs the genitive «чего» ('that which you crave'). «сами не зная того» tacks on an imperfective gerund of «знать» under negation — 'yourselves not knowing it', the genitive «того» again as object of the negated verb."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"я вовсе не прочь от","title":"«не прочь от» — not averse to","body":"«прочь» normally means 'away/off'; the idiom «не прочь (от)» means 'not averse to, quite willing/happy with'. «вовсе» ('at all') strengthens it: 'I am by no means averse to the woman question'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Я хотела было подписаться «современная мать»","title":"«хотела было» — meant to, but didn't","body":"«хотела было подписаться» — 'I was about to / had meant to sign', the particle «было» marking the intention not carried out (she settled on plain «мать» instead). «подписаться» is the reflexive 'to sign oneself (as)'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"больше красоты нравственной","title":"«красота нравственная» — moral beauty","body":"«нравственный» (from «нрав», disposition/morals) means 'moral, ethical'; «красота нравственная» (the adjective postposed for weight) is 'moral beauty'. The phrase, with its high-minded ring, captures Hohlakov's self-flattering aestheticizing of her own little vanity."}],"words":[{"surface":"То","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"самое","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies То","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"term of address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to То","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of надо, relative to то","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"experiencer of надо","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"predicative adverb","role":"predicate of the relative clause on то","gloss":"is needed"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of жаждете","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of жаждете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"жаждете","lemma":"жаждать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"depends on то (relative clause)","gloss":"thirst for"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"emphasizes вы","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates зная","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"зная","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on жаждете","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of зная (genitive under negation)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of прочь","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вовсе","lemma":"вовсе","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies не","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates прочь","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"прочь","lemma":"прочь","morphology":"adverb (predicative)","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"averse","note":"idiom «не прочь» = \"not opposed / willing\""},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вопроса","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"теперешнего","lemma":"теперешний","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вопроса","gloss":"present-day"},{"surface":"женского","lemma":"женский","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вопроса","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"вопроса","lemma":"вопрос","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прочь","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"term of address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"Женское","lemma":"женский","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies развитие","gloss":"Women's"},{"surface":"развитие","lemma":"развитие","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject, equated with идеал","gloss":"development"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies политическая","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"политическая","lemma":"политический","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies роль","gloss":"political"},{"surface":"роль","lemma":"роль","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with развитие","gloss":"role"},{"surface":"женщины","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies роль","gloss":"of woman"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking будущем","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"самом","lemma":"самый","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"intensifies ближайшем","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ближайшем","lemma":"близкий","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies будущем","gloss":"nearest"},{"surface":"будущем","lemma":"будущее","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies роль","gloss":"future"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces идеал","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"мой","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of идеал","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"идеал","lemma":"идеал","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ideal"},{"surface":"У","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"at","note":"«у меня» = possessive idiom \"I have\""},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of дочь-possession","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking самой (emphatic doubling)","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"самой","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"emphasizes меня","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"дочь","lemma":"дочь","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a daughter"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"term of address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стороны","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of стороны","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"стороны","lemma":"сторона","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of знают","gloss":"side","note":"«с этой стороны» = idiom \"in this regard\""},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of знают","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"мало","lemma":"мало","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знают","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"знают","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"they know"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of написала","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"написала","lemma":"написать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wrote"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking поводу","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"этому","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of поводу","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"поводу","lemma":"повод","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of написала","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"писателю","lemma":"писатель","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of написала","gloss":"writer"},{"surface":"Щедрину","lemma":"щедрин","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to писателю","gloss":"Shchedrin"},{"surface":"Этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of писатель","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"писатель","lemma":"писатель","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of указал","gloss":"writer"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of указал","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"столько","lemma":"столько","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies указал","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"указал","lemma":"указать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pointed out"},{"surface":"столько","lemma":"столько","morphology":"adverb","role":"repeats столько for emphasis","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"указал","lemma":"указать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"repeats указал for emphasis","gloss":"pointed out"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking назначении","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"назначении","lemma":"назначение","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of указал","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"женщины","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies назначении","gloss":"of woman"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause of указал","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of отправила","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"отправила","lemma":"отправить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"result clause of указал","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of отправила","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"прошлого","lemma":"прошлый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies года","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"года","lemma":"год","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial genitive of time modifying отправила","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"анонимное","lemma":"анонимный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies письмо","gloss":"anonymous"},{"surface":"письмо","lemma":"письмо","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of отправила","gloss":"letter"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking строки","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"две","lemma":"два","morphology":"numeral, accusative, feminine","role":"depends on строки","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"строки","lemma":"строка","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies письмо","gloss":"lines"},{"surface":"Обнимаю","lemma":"обнимать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the quoted letter","gloss":"I embrace"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"целую","lemma":"целовать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with Обнимаю","gloss":"kiss"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of Обнимаю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"мой","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of писатель","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"писатель","lemma":"писатель","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"term of address","gloss":"writer"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking женщину","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"современную","lemma":"современный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies женщину","gloss":"modern"},{"surface":"женщину","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Обнимаю","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"продолжайте","lemma":"продолжать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with Обнимаю","gloss":"carry on"},{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"подписалась","lemma":"подписаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"signed"},{"surface":"мать","lemma":"мать","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"quoted signature, complement of подписалась","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of хотела","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"хотела","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had wanted"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"было","morphology":"particle","role":"marks abandoned intention with хотела","gloss":"about to","note":"«хотела было» marks an intention that was begun and then dropped"},{"surface":"подписаться","lemma":"подписаться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of хотела","gloss":"to sign"},{"surface":"современная","lemma":"современный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies мать","gloss":"modern"},{"surface":"мать","lemma":"мать","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"quoted signature, complement of подписаться","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"колебалась","lemma":"колебаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with хотела","gloss":"hesitated"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"остановилась","lemma":"остановиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with хотела","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"просто","lemma":"просто","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies на матери","gloss":"simply"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking матери","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"матери","lemma":"мать","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of остановилась","gloss":"\"mother\""},{"surface":"больше","lemma":"много","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies красоты","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"красоты","lemma":"красота","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"genitive complement of больше","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"нравственной","lemma":"нравственный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies красоты","gloss":"moral"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"term of address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase да и","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"слово","lemma":"слово","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of напомнило","gloss":"the word"},{"surface":"современная","lemma":"современный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to слово (quoted word)","gloss":"\"modern\""},{"surface":"напомнило","lemma":"напомнить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would remind"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"marks conditional mood on напомнило","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"им","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of напомнило","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Современник","lemma":"современник","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of напомнило","gloss":"The Contemporary","note":"«Современник» is the name of the radical literary journal, not the common noun \"contemporary\""},{"surface":"воспоминание","lemma":"воспоминание","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement equated with Современник","gloss":"a memory"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking них","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"них","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"modifies воспоминание","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"горькое","lemma":"горький","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies воспоминание","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ввиду","lemma":"ввиду","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking цензуры","gloss":"in view of"},{"surface":"нынешней","lemma":"нынешний","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies цензуры","gloss":"present"},{"surface":"цензуры","lemma":"цензура","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition ввиду","gloss":"censorship"},{"surface":"Ах","lemma":"ах","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation before боже","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"боже","lemma":"бог","morphology":"noun, vocative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"мой","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies боже","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the question (what's wrong)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вами","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"вами","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"oblique complement of что","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b8-c3-s113","source":"— Сударыня, — вскочил наконец Митя, складывая пред ней руки ладонями в бессильной мольбе, — вы меня заставите заплакать, сударыня, если будете откладывать то, что так великодушно…","translation":"\"Madam\", Mitya leaped up at last, folding his hands before her, palms together, in helpless entreaty, \"you will make me weep, madam, if you keep putting off what you so magnanimously…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"складывая пред ней руки ладонями","title":"Gerund «складывая», archaic «пред», instrumental «ладонями»","body":"«складывая» is an imperfective present gerund (деепричастие), 'folding (his hands)', simultaneous with his leaping up. «пред» is the bookish/poetic form of «перед» ('before'), and «ладонями» is an instrumental of manner — 'palms together'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"вы меня заставите заплакать","title":"«заставить» + infinitive — to make someone do","body":"«заставить (кого) + infinitive» = 'to compel/make someone do something': «вы меня заставите заплакать» — 'you will make me weep'. «заставите» is the perfective future; «заплакать» (perfective, 'burst into tears') is the inceptive of «плакать»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"term of address","gloss":"Madam"},{"surface":"вскочил","lemma":"вскочить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leaped up"},{"surface":"наконец","lemma":"наконец","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вскочил","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вскочил","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"складывая","lemma":"складывать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on вскочил","gloss":"folding"},{"surface":"пред","lemma":"пред","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of складывая","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"руки","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of складывая","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ладонями","lemma":"ладонь","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, plural","role":"instrumental describing manner of складывая","gloss":"palms together"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мольбе","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"бессильной","lemma":"бессильный","morphology":"adjective, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies мольбе","gloss":"helpless"},{"surface":"мольбе","lemma":"мольба","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of складывая","gloss":"entreaty"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of заставите","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of заставите","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"заставите","lemma":"заставить","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will make"},{"surface":"заплакать","lemma":"заплакать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of заставите","gloss":"weep"},{"surface":"сударыня","lemma":"сударыня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"term of address","gloss":"madam"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"будете","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"auxiliary of откладывать","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"откладывать","lemma":"откладывать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"main verb of the conditional clause","gloss":"putting off"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of откладывать","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of великодушно, relative to то","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies великодушно","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"великодушно","lemma":"великодушный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"relative clause modifying то (sentence trails off)","gloss":"magnanimously"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b8-c3-s114","source":"— И поплачьте, Дмитрий Федорович, поплачьте! Это прекрасные чувства… вам предстоит такой путь! Слезы облегчат вас, потом возвратитесь и будете радоваться. Нарочно прискачете ко мне из Сибири, чтобы со мной порадоваться…","translation":"\"Then weep, Dmitri Fyodorovich, weep! These are beautiful feelings… such a path lies ahead of you! Tears will relieve you, and afterward you will come back and rejoice. You will gallop to me on purpose, all the way from Siberia, to rejoice together with me…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"И поплачьте… поплачьте!","title":"Imperative «поплачьте» — have a little cry","body":"«поплачьте» is the imperative of «поплакать», where the prefix по- gives a 'do a bit of' nuance — 'have a (good little) cry'. Her cheerfully condescending command, repeated, treats Mitya's anguish as a wholesome therapeutic weep."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"вам предстоит такой путь","title":"«предстоит» + dative — lies ahead of you","body":"«предстоит» ('lies ahead, is in store') takes the dative of the person facing it — «вам предстоит… путь», 'such a path lies before you'. Another dative-experiencer impersonal, with «путь» the grammatical subject of what awaits."}],"words":[{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"поплачьте","lemma":"поплакать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"weep"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"term of address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"поплачьте","lemma":"поплакать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"repeats поплачьте for emphasis","gloss":"weep"},{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of the copular clause","gloss":"These"},{"surface":"прекрасные","lemma":"прекрасный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies чувства","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"чувства","lemma":"чувство","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"predicate complement of Это","gloss":"feelings"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"experiencer of предстоит","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"предстоит","lemma":"предстоять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies ahead"},{"surface":"такой","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of путь","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"путь","lemma":"путь","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of предстоит","gloss":"a path"},{"surface":"Слезы","lemma":"слеза","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of облегчат","gloss":"Tears"},{"surface":"облегчат","lemma":"облегчить","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will relieve"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of облегчат","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"потом","lemma":"потом","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies возвратитесь","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"возвратитесь","lemma":"возвратиться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, second, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with облегчат","gloss":"you will return"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"будете","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"auxiliary of радоваться","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"радоваться","lemma":"радоваться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with возвратитесь","gloss":"rejoice"},{"surface":"Нарочно","lemma":"нарочно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прискачете","gloss":"On purpose"},{"surface":"прискачете","lemma":"прискакать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will gallop"},{"surface":"ко","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мне","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"oblique complement of прискачете","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Сибири","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Сибири","lemma":"сибирь","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прискачете","gloss":"Siberia"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the purpose clause","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"со","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мной","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"мной","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, singular","role":"oblique complement of порадоваться","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"порадоваться","lemma":"порадоваться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"purpose clause on прискачете","gloss":"rejoice together"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b8-c3-s115","source":"— Но позвольте же и мне, — завопил вдруг Митя, — в последний раз умоляю вас, скажите, могу я получить от вас сегодня эту обещанную сумму? Если же нет, то когда именно мне явиться за ней?","translation":"\"But let me too speak\", Mitya suddenly wailed, \"for the last time I implore you, tell me: may I receive from you today this promised sum? And if not, then when exactly am I to come for it?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"завопил","title":"«завопить» — to let out a wail","body":"Inceptive prefix за- on «вопить» (to wail, howl): «завопил» = 'broke into a wail, cried out'. Among Dostoevsky's many verbs of agitated speech, this one marks Mitya's near-hysterical pitch of pleading."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Если же нет, то когда именно мне явиться за ней?","title":"Elliptical conditional + dative-infinitive question","body":"«если же нет» is an elliptical 'and if not' (with «же» pointing the contrast). «когда… мне явиться» is a deliberative dative-plus-infinitive question — 'when am I to come for it?' — the dative «мне» naming who is to act, with no finite verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"позвольте","lemma":"позволить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"allow"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes позвольте","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies мне","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of позвольте","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"завопил","lemma":"завопить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"parallel clause to позвольте","gloss":"wailed"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies завопил","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of завопил","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking раз","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"последний","lemma":"последний","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies раз","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of умоляю","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"умоляю","lemma":"умолять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with позвольте","gloss":"I implore"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of умоляю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"скажите","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with умоляю","gloss":"tell me"},{"surface":"могу","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the quoted question","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of могу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"получить","lemma":"получить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могу","gloss":"receive"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"oblique complement of получить","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сегодня","lemma":"сегодня","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies получить","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of сумму","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"обещанную","lemma":"обещать","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, accusative, feminine, singular, perfective","role":"modifies сумму","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"сумму","lemma":"сумма","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of получить","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"Если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes Если","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle (negative predicative)","role":"predicate of the conditional clause","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle (correlative)","role":"introduces the consequence clause","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies явиться","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies когда","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"logical subject of явиться","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"явиться","lemma":"явиться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"main verb of the consequence clause","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of явиться","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b8-c3-s116","source":"— Какую сумму, Дмитрий Федорович?","translation":"\"What sum, Dmitri Fyodorovich?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Какую сумму, Дмитрий Федорович?","title":"Interrogative «какую» — which/what sum","body":"«какую» is the accusative feminine of the interrogative «какой» ('which, what kind of'), agreeing with «сумму» (sum, accusative). Her blandly innocent 'what sum?' is the pivot of the chapter's cruel comedy — she has forgotten, or never meant, any money at all."}],"words":[{"surface":"Какую","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of сумму","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"сумму","lemma":"сумма","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"term of address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b8-c3-s117","source":"— Обещанные вами три тысячи… которые вы так великодушно…","translation":"\"The three thousand you promised… which you so magnanimously…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Обещанные вами три тысячи","title":"Past passive participle «обещанные» + instrumental agent","body":"«обещанные» is a past passive participle ('promised'), agreeing with «три тысячи», and «вами» is the instrumental marking the agent — 'the three thousand promised by you'. This participle-plus-instrumental is the compact literary equivalent of 'which you promised'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Обещанные","lemma":"обещать","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, plural, nominative, perfective","role":"modifies тысячи","gloss":"Promised"},{"surface":"вами","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"agent of Обещанные","gloss":"by you"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"которые","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of великодушно","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of великодушно","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies великодушно","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"великодушно","lemma":"великодушный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"relative clause on тысячи (sentence trails off)","gloss":"magnanimously"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b8-c3-s118","source":"— Три тысячи? Это рублей? Ох нет, у меня нет трех тысяч, — с каким-то спокойным удивлением произнесла госпожа Хохлакова. Митя обомлел…","translation":"\"Three thousand? Three thousand roubles? Oh no, I have no three thousand\", Madame Hohlakov pronounced with a kind of calm astonishment. Mitya was thunderstruck…","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"у меня нет трех тысяч","title":"Genitive of negation with «нет»","body":"«у меня нет трёх тысяч» — 'I have no three thousand'. The negated existential «нет» ('there is not') forces the absent thing into the genitive («трёх тысяч»), the obligatory genitive of negation. Possession is framed as 'by me there is none of…'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Митя обомлел","title":"«обомлеть» — to be stunned, struck dumb","body":"«обомлеть» is to go numb with shock, to be dumbfounded — Mitya, hearing there is no money, 'was thunderstruck'. A vivid perfective for the body's freeze at a blow."}],"words":[{"surface":"Три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"Three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of рублей","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"рублей","lemma":"рубль","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"roubles"},{"surface":"Ох","lemma":"ох","morphology":"interjection","role":"modifies нет","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle","role":"main word of the sentence","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of нет","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle (negative existential)","role":"predicate: there isn't","gloss":"there isn't"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, genitive","role":"quantifies тысяч","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысяч","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"subject of нет","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking удивлением","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"каким","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of удивлением","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"forms какой-то with каким","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"спокойным","lemma":"спокойный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"modifies удивлением","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"удивлением","lemma":"удивление","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of произнесла","gloss":"astonishment"},{"surface":"произнесла","lemma":"произнести","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"parallel clause to нет","gloss":"pronounced"},{"surface":"госпожа","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of произнесла","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлакова","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожа","gloss":"Khokhlakova"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of обомлел","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"обомлел","lemma":"обомлеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was thunderstruck"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b8-c3-s119","source":"— Как же вы… сейчас… вы сказали… вы выразились даже, что они всё равно как у меня в кармане…","translation":"\"How is it that you… just now… you said… you even expressed yourself, that it was all as good as in my pocket…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"они всё равно как у меня в кармане","title":"«всё равно как» — just as if","body":"Mitya quotes her back: «всё равно как (= что) у меня в кармане» — 'just as good as in my pocket'. «у меня в кармане» (у + genitive 'with/by me', в + prepositional 'in the pocket') is the idiom of secure possession he had believed."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"вы выразились","title":"«выразиться» — to put it, express oneself","body":"Reflexive «выразиться» = 'to express oneself, put it (in words)'. Mitya's broken, stammering protest — «вы сказали… вы выразились даже» — clings to her exact wording, the precise phrase she now disowns."}],"words":[{"surface":"Как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies же","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes Как","gloss":"is it that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сейчас","lemma":"сейчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сказали","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of сказали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сказали","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of выразились","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"выразились","lemma":"выразиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with сказали","gloss":"expressed yourself"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies выразились","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of всё","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"они","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of всё равно","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies равно","gloss":"all","note":"«они» refers back to the three thousand roubles"},{"surface":"равно","lemma":"равный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate: as good as","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison phrase","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"modifies кармане","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking кармане","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"кармане","lemma":"карман","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of равно","gloss":"pocket"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b8-c3-s120","source":"— Ох нет, вы меня не так поняли, Дмитрий Федорович. Если так, то вы не поняли меня. Я говорила про прииски… Правда, я вам обещала больше, бесконечно больше, чем три тысячи, я теперь всё припоминаю, но я имела в виду одни прииски.","translation":"\"Oh no, you misunderstood me, Dmitri Fyodorovich. If so, then you did not understand me. I was talking about the mines… True, I promised you more, infinitely more, than three thousand — I recall it all now — but I had only the mines in mind.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"вы меня не так поняли… вы не поняли меня","title":"«не так» vs «не» — misunderstood vs didn't understand","body":"«не так поняли» = 'understood (me) wrongly' (the «не так», 'not so', qualifies the manner), whereas «не поняли» = 'did not understand' at all. Hohlakov slides from one to the other, retroactively rewriting the whole exchange in her favor."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"я имела в виду одни прииски","title":"«иметь в виду» — to have in mind","body":"The set phrase «иметь в виду» ('to mean, to have in mind') closes her airy retraction: «я имела в виду одни прииски» — 'I had only the mines in mind'. «одни» here means 'only, nothing but', sealing the bait-and-switch that leaves Mitya with nothing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ох","lemma":"ох","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation before нет","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle, negation","role":"negative response particle, coordinated with Ох","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of поняли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of поняли","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies так","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies поняли","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"поняли","lemma":"понять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"Если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause так","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of Если","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of поняли","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of поняли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies поняли","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"поняли","lemma":"понять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of поняли","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of говорила","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"говорила","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was talking"},{"surface":"про","lemma":"про","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking прииски","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"прииски","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of говорила","gloss":"the mines"},{"surface":"Правда","lemma":"правда","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical adverb modifying обещала","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of обещала","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of обещала","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"обещала","lemma":"обещать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"больше","lemma":"больше","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies обещала","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"бесконечно","lemma":"бесконечно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies больше (w27)","gloss":"infinitely"},{"surface":"больше","lemma":"больше","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"in apposition to больше (w25)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"чем","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces comparative complement of больше","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of больше","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of припоминаю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies припоминаю","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of припоминаю","gloss":"it all"},{"surface":"припоминаю","lemma":"припоминать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"recall"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of имела","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"имела","lemma":"иметь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with припоминаю","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking виду, part of idiom иметь в виду","gloss":"in","note":"'иметь в виду' is a fixed idiom meaning 'to mean, have in mind'."},{"surface":"виду","lemma":"вид","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom иметь в виду","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"одни","lemma":"один","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"modifies прииски","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"прииски","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of имела","gloss":"the mines"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b8-c3-s121","source":"— А деньги? А три тысячи? — нелепо воскликнул Дмитрий Федорович.","translation":"\"But the money? The three thousand?\" Dmitri Fyodorovich exclaimed absurdly.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"А деньги? А три тысячи?","title":"The contrastive «а» opening a question","body":"Each clause is launched by «а», the mild adversative 'and/but' that pivots to a new topic — here Mitya's incredulous 'but what about…?'. It marks a shift, not real opposition, and is almost untranslatable."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"три тысячи","title":"Case after a numeral","body":"«Три» governs the genitive singular of its noun, but «тысяча» here pluralizes as «тысячи» (gen. sg.) — the recurring 'three thousand [roubles]' that obsesses Mitya throughout Book VIII."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the elliptical question деньги","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the money"},{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the elliptical question тысячи","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"нелепо","lemma":"нелепо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies воскликнул","gloss":"absurdly"},{"surface":"воскликнул","lemma":"воскликнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exclaimed"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of воскликнул","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b8-c3-s122","source":"— О, если вы разумели деньги, то у меня их нет. У меня теперь совсем нет денег, Дмитрий Федорович, я как раз воюю теперь с моим управляющим и сама на днях заняла пятьсот рублей у Миусова. Нет, нет, денег у меня нет. И знаете, Дмитрий Федорович, если б у меня даже и были, я бы вам не дала. Во-первых, я никому не даю взаймы. Дать взаймы значит поссориться. Но вам, вам я особенно бы не дала, любя вас, не дала бы, чтобы спасти вас, не дала бы, потому что вам нужно только одно: прииски, прииски и прииски!..","translation":"\"Oh, if it was money you had in mind, I have none. I have no money at all just now, Dmitri Fyodorovich — I am at this very moment at war with my steward, and I myself borrowed five hundred rubles from Miusov only the other day. No, no, I have no money. And you know, Dmitri Fyodorovich, even if I did have it, I would not give it to you. In the first place, I lend to no one. To lend is to quarrel. But you — you above all I would not lend to; out of love for you I would not, I would refuse you in order to save you, refuse you, because there is only one thing you need: mines, mines, and mines again!..\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"у меня их нет","title":"Genitive of negation in 'I have none'","body":"Russian 'to have' is «у меня + нет», and «нет» (there-is-not) forces the absent thing into the genitive: «их нет», «денег нет». There is no nominative subject — the construction states the non-existence of the money."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"если б у меня даже и были, я бы вам не дала","title":"Counterfactual with «бы»","body":"The unreal condition is built from past-tense verbs plus the particle «бы» (here clipped to «б»): 'if I even had [it], I would not give'. «Бы» recurs four times in her speech, hammering the refusal as purely hypothetical."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"я никому не даю взаймы","title":"Negative concord with «никому»","body":"'I lend to no one' keeps the negative on the verb («не даю») even though «никому» is already negative — Russian requires this double negation, where each ни-word reinforces rather than cancels the «не»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"любя вас, не дала бы, чтобы спасти вас","title":"Gerund «любя» of attendant circumstance","body":"«Любя» is the imperfective gerund (деепричастие) of «любить» — 'loving you / out of love for you', an adverbial sharing the main subject. It threads a simultaneous motive through her insistent refusal."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Дать взаймы значит поссориться","title":"Infinitive subject and predicate","body":"A bare infinitive serves as both subject and complement: 'to lend [is] to quarrel'. «Значит» links them with no copula — a crisp aphoristic frame typical of Madame Khokhlakova's self-important pronouncements."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"управляющий","title":"«управляющий»: the estate steward","body":"Substantivized present active participle of «управлять» ('to manage'), literally 'the one managing' — the hired manager of a landowner's estate, against whom she claims to be 'at war'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"прииски","title":"«прииски»: the gold mines","body":"«Прииск» is specifically a gold- or mineral-prospecting site, not a coal pit. The threefold repetition «прииски, прииски и прииски» mocks Mitya's get-rich scheme that gives the chapter its title, 'Gold Mines'."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of разумели","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of разумели","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"разумели","lemma":"разуметь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on нет","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of разумели","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of нет","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of нет","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"их","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"genitive complement of нет (refers to деньги)","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle, negation","role":"negative existential predicate of the clause","gloss":"have none"},{"surface":"У","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of нет","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies нет","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"совсем","lemma":"совсем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies нет","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle, negation","role":"negative existential predicate of the sentence","gloss":"have no"},{"surface":"денег","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"logical subject of нет (genitive under negation)","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of воюю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of idiom как раз, modifies воюю","gloss":"just","note":"'как раз' is a fixed idiom meaning 'exactly, right now'."},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase как","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"воюю","lemma":"воевать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with заняла","gloss":"am at war"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies воюю","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking управляющим","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"моим","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of управляющим","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"управляющим","lemma":"управляющий","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of воюю","gloss":"steward"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"сама","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"intensifier modifying the subject of заняла","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking днях, part of idiom на днях","gloss":"the other","note":"'на днях' is a fixed idiom meaning 'recently, the other day'."},{"surface":"днях","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of заняла","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"заняла","lemma":"занять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with воюю","gloss":"borrowed"},{"surface":"пятьсот","lemma":"пятьсот","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"quantifies рублей","gloss":"five hundred"},{"surface":"рублей","lemma":"рубль","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of заняла","gloss":"rubles"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Миусова","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Миусова","lemma":"миусова","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of заняла","gloss":"Miusov"},{"surface":"Нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation, coordinated with нет (w37)","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation, coordinated with Нет (w36)","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"денег","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"logical subject of нет","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of нет","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle, negation","role":"negative existential predicate of the sentence","gloss":"have none"},{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"знаете","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"parenthetical verb ('you know')","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of были","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"б","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"conditional marker of были clause","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of были","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies были","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies были, emphatic with даже","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"были","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on дала","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of дала","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of дала","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of дала","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies дала","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"дала","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"Во","lemma":"во","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of idiom во-первых, modifies даю","gloss":"in","note":"'во-первых' is a fixed idiom meaning 'in the first place, firstly'."},{"surface":"первых","lemma":"первый","morphology":"numeral, locative, plural","role":"part of idiom во-первых","gloss":"the first place"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of даю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"никому","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of даю","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies даю","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"даю","lemma":"давать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lend"},{"surface":"взаймы","lemma":"взаймы","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies даю","gloss":"as a loan"},{"surface":"Дать","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"subject of значит","gloss":"to lend"},{"surface":"взаймы","lemma":"взаймы","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Дать","gloss":"as a loan"},{"surface":"значит","lemma":"значить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"means"},{"surface":"поссориться","lemma":"поссориться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of значит","gloss":"to quarrel"},{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of дала (w76), fronted for emphasis","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"coordinated with вам (w70), emphatic repetition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of дала","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"особенно","lemma":"особенно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies дала","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of дала","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies дала","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"дала","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"любя","lemma":"любить","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on дала ('loving you')","gloss":"loving"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of любя","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies дала","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"дала","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with дала (w76)","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of дала (w80)","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of спасти","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"спасти","lemma":"спасти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on дала (purpose)","gloss":"save"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of спасти","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies дала","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"дала","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with дала (w76, w80)","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of дала (w86)","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of нужно, part of потому что","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase потому","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of нужно","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"нужно","lemma":"нужный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate of the потому что clause, modifies дала","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies одно","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"одно","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of нужно","gloss":"one thing"},{"surface":"прииски","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to одно","gloss":"mines"},{"surface":"прииски","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with прииски (w94)","gloss":"mines"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"прииски","lemma":"прииск","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with прииски (w94, w95)","gloss":"mines"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b8-c3-s123","source":"— О, чтобы черт!.. — взревел вдруг Митя и изо всех сил ударил кулаком по столу.","translation":"\"Oh, the devil take it!..\" Mitya suddenly roared and struck the table with his fist with all his might.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"О, чтобы черт!..","title":"«чтобы чёрт…»: a curse trailing off","body":"An aposiopesis — the imprecation 'may the devil [take it]' breaks off mid-oath. The «чтобы» + unspoken past-form verb is the wishing/cursing construction left deliberately unfinished, conveying Mitya's choked fury."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"взревел вдруг Митя и изо всех сил ударил кулаком по столу","title":"Two perfectives drive the action forward","body":"«Взревел» (roared out) and «ударил» (struck once) are perfective past — each a single completed burst that advances the narrative, against the imperfective background. «Изо всех сил» = 'with all his might'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"кулаком по столу","title":"Instrumental of means «кулаком»","body":"«Кулаком» ('with his fist') is the instrumental of instrument — the bare case, no preposition, naming what he strikes with. «По столу» (dat. after «по») gives the surface struck."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the curse черт","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"черт","lemma":"чёрт","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of elliptical curse (чтобы черт [взял])","gloss":"the devil"},{"surface":"взревел","lemma":"взреветь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies взревел","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of взревел","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"изо","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking сил, part of idiom изо всех сил","gloss":"with","note":"'изо всех сил' is a fixed idiom meaning 'with all one's might'."},{"surface":"всех","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of сил","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"сил","lemma":"сила","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ударил","gloss":"his might"},{"surface":"ударил","lemma":"ударить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with взревел","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"кулаком","lemma":"кулак","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"instrumental complement of ударил (means: fist)","gloss":"with his fist"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking столу","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"столу","lemma":"стол","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ударил","gloss":"the table"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b8-c3-s124","source":"— А-ай! — закричала Хохлакова в испуге и отлетела в другой конец гостиной.","translation":"\"Ai-ai!\" Madame Khokhlakova shrieked in fright and darted away to the far end of the drawing room.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"отлетела","title":"«отлетела»: darted away","body":"Literally 'flew off', the prefixed perfective «от-» (away from) plus «лететь» (to fly) used hyperbolically of a person recoiling — she 'shot back' to the far corner in fright."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"interjection","role":"part of interjection а-ай","gloss":"ai","note":"'А-ай' is tokenized as two words but is a single exclamation of alarm."},{"surface":"ай","lemma":"ай","morphology":"interjection","role":"part of interjection а-ай, coordinated with А","gloss":"ai"},{"surface":"закричала","lemma":"закричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shrieked"},{"surface":"Хохлакова","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of закричала","gloss":"Khokhlakova"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking испуге","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"испуге","lemma":"испуг","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of закричала","gloss":"fright"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"отлетела","lemma":"отлететь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with закричала","gloss":"darted away"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking конец","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"другой","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies конец","gloss":"the far"},{"surface":"конец","lemma":"конец","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of отлетела","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"гостиной","lemma":"гостиная","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies конец","gloss":"of the drawing room"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b8-c3-s125","source":"Митя плюнул и быстрыми шагами вышел из комнаты, из дому, на улицу, в темноту!","translation":"Mitya spat and strode swiftly out of the room, out of the house, into the street, into the darkness!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"из комнаты, из дому, на улицу, в темноту","title":"Cases of motion: out-of vs into","body":"«Из комнаты, из дому» take the genitive after «из» (out of); «на улицу, в темноту» take the accusative after «на/в» for motion toward. The mounting prepositional phrases enact Mitya's headlong flight into the dark."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"быстрыми шагами","title":"Instrumental of manner «быстрыми шагами»","body":"'With quick steps' — the instrumental plural marking the manner of motion. The adjective «быстрыми» agrees with «шагами» in case, number, and gender."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"из дому","title":"«из дому»: the archaic stressed form","body":"The older partitive/adverbial «из дому» (stress on «до-») rather than «из дома» is an idiomatic, slightly archaic genitive used in set motion phrases — 'out of the house', away from home."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of плюнул","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"плюнул","lemma":"плюнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spat"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"быстрыми","lemma":"быстрый","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, plural","role":"modifies шагами","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"шагами","lemma":"шаг","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of вышел","gloss":"strides"},{"surface":"вышел","lemma":"выйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with плюнул","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking комнаты","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"комнаты","lemma":"комната","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вышел","gloss":"the room"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking дому","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"дому","lemma":"дом","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вышел","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking улицу","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"улицу","lemma":"улица","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вышел","gloss":"the street"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking темноту","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"темноту","lemma":"темнота","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вышел","gloss":"the darkness"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b8-c3-s126","source":"Он шел как помешанный, ударяя себя по груди, по тому самому месту груди, по которому ударял себя два дня тому назад пред Алешей, когда виделся с ним в последний раз вечером, в темноте, на дороге.","translation":"He walked as though out of his mind, beating himself on the chest, on the very same spot of his chest he had struck two days before, in Alyosha's presence, when he had seen him for the last time, that evening, in the dark, on the road.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ударяя себя по груди","title":"Gerund «ударяя» + reflexive «себя»","body":"«Ударяя» is the imperfective gerund 'beating', a simultaneous action accompanying «шёл». «Себя» is the reflexive object pronoun 'himself' — distinct from the verbal -ся; he beats his own person."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"по тому самому месту груди, по которому ударял себя","title":"Relative «по которому» echoing «по тому»","body":"The relative «который» picks up its case from its own clause: «по которому» (dat. after «по») mirrors the antecedent «по тому самому месту». The correlative «тому самому» = 'that very same', a hallmark of Dostoevsky's circling, insistent style."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"как помешанный","title":"Substantivized participle «помешанный»","body":"'Like one deranged' — a past passive participle of «помешать(ся)» used as a noun, 'a madman'. The short-form/long-form participle system lets Russian compress 'a person who has lost his mind' into one word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of шел","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"шел","lemma":"идти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of помешанный","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"помешанный","lemma":"помешанный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of шел","gloss":"insane"},{"surface":"ударяя","lemma":"ударять","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on шел","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ударяя","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking груди","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"груди","lemma":"грудь","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ударяя","gloss":"the chest"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking месту","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"тому","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of месту","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"самому","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies месту","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"месту","lemma":"место","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ударяя","gloss":"spot"},{"surface":"груди","lemma":"грудь","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies месту","gloss":"of his chest"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking которому","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"которому","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ударял","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ударял","lemma":"ударять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause on месту","gloss":"had struck"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ударял","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"два","lemma":"два","morphology":"numeral, accusative, masculine","role":"depends on дня","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"дня","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ударял","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"тому","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"part of idiom тому назад ('ago')","gloss":"ago","note":"'тому назад' is a fixed idiom meaning 'ago'."},{"surface":"назад","lemma":"назад","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom тому назад","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"пред","lemma":"пред","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Алешей","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Алешей","lemma":"алёша","morphology":"proper noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of пред","gloss":"Alyosha"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of виделся","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"виделся","lemma":"видеться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on ударял","gloss":"he had seen"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ним","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ним","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of виделся","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking раз","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"последний","lemma":"последний","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies раз","gloss":"the last"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of виделся","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"вечером","lemma":"вечер","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies виделся (time adverbial)","gloss":"that evening"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking темноте","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"темноте","lemma":"темнота","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of виделся","gloss":"the dark"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking дороге","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"дороге","lemma":"дорога","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of виделся","gloss":"the road"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b8-c3-s127","source":"Что означало это битье себя по груди ''по этому месту'' и на что он тем хотел указать — это была пока еще тайна, которую не знал никто в мире, которую он не открыл тогда даже Алеше, но в тайне этой заключался для него более чем позор, заключались гибель и самоубийство, он так уж решил, если не достанет тех трех тысяч, чтоб уплатить Катерине Ивановне и тем снять с своей груди, ''«с того места груди»'' позор, который он носил на ней и который так давил его совесть.","translation":"What this beating of himself on the chest \"upon that spot\" signified, and what he meant by it to point to — this was as yet a secret that no one in the world knew, one he had not disclosed even to Alyosha then; but in that secret lay, for him, more than disgrace — there lay ruin and self-destruction, for so he had already resolved if he could not lay his hands on those three thousand to repay Katerina Ivanovna and so lift from his chest, \"\"from that spot of his chest\",\" the shame he bore upon it and that so weighed upon his conscience.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"тайна, которую не знал никто в мире, которую он не открыл","title":"Stacked «который»-clauses with negative concord","body":"Two parallel relative clauses both put «которую» in the accusative (object of 'know' / 'disclose'). «Не знал никто» again shows obligatory double negation — 'no one knew', verb still negated."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"в тайне этой заключался… позор, заключались гибель и самоубийство","title":"Inversion: predicate before subject","body":"The verb «заключался/заключались» ('was contained') precedes its subjects, and the locative «в тайне этой» is fronted for weight. This topic-first, subject-last inversion gives the sentence its grave, building rhythm."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"если не достанет тех трех тысяч","title":"Genitive object «тех трёх тысяч»","body":"'Those three thousand' stands in the genitive — partly numeral government, partly the genitive of negation under «не достанет» ('would not lay hands on'). «Тех» is the demonstrative «тот» agreeing in genitive plural."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"позор","title":"«позор»: disgrace, shame","body":"A strong word for public dishonor and disgrace (not mere embarrassment). It anchors the moral stakes: the shame Mitya 'bears on his chest' and which 'weighs on his conscience' («давил его совесть»)."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"с своей груди","title":"Reflexive possessive «своей»","body":"«Своей» ('one's own') points back to the clause's subject — his own chest, not someone else's. The 19th-century «с своей» (modern «со своей») lifts the shame off himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of означало","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"означало","lemma":"означать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"signified"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of битье","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"битье","lemma":"битьё","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of означало","gloss":"beating"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"complement of битье","gloss":"of himself"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking груди","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"груди","lemma":"грудь","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of битье","gloss":"the chest"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking месту","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"этому","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of месту","gloss":"that","note":"Determiner citation form must be 'этот' (masc. nom. sg.), as correctly used elsewhere in this batch for the same determiner (e.g. w39 'этой' -> 'этот'); leaving lemma as 'это' mismatches the pronoun headword."},{"surface":"месту","lemma":"место","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to груди","gloss":"spot"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking что","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of указать","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of хотел","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"тем","lemma":"тем","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of хотел","gloss":"by it"},{"surface":"хотел","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with означало","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"указать","lemma":"указать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of хотел","gloss":"to point"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of была","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking это to тайна","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"пока","lemma":"пока","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies еще","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies тайна","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"тайна","lemma":"тайна","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominative of была","gloss":"a secret"},{"surface":"которую","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of знал","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знал","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"знал","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause on тайна","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"никто","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of знал","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мире","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"мире","lemma":"мир","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies никто","gloss":"the world"},{"surface":"которую","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of открыл","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of открыл","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies открыл","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"открыл","lemma":"открыть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"relative clause on тайна","gloss":"disclosed"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies открыл","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Алеше","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Алеше","lemma":"алеша","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of открыл","gloss":"to Alyosha"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тайне","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"тайне","lemma":"тайна","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of заключался","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of тайне","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"заключался","lemma":"заключаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb, coordinated with заключались","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking него","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"него","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of заключался","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"более","lemma":"более","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the comparison более чем","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"чем","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase более","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"позор","lemma":"позор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of заключался","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"заключались","lemma":"заключаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with заключался","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"гибель","lemma":"гибель","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of заключались","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"самоубийство","lemma":"самоубийство","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with гибель","gloss":"self-destruction"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of решил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies решил","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase так","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"решил","lemma":"решить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had resolved"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of достанет","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies достанет","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"достанет","lemma":"достать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on решил","gloss":"get hold of"},{"surface":"тех","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of трех","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, genitive","role":"quantifies тысяч","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысяч","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of достанет","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"чтоб","lemma":"чтоб","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of уплатить","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"уплатить","lemma":"уплатить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on достанет","gloss":"repay"},{"surface":"Катерине","lemma":"катерина","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of уплатить","gloss":"Katerina"},{"surface":"Ивановне","lemma":"ивановна","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Катерине","gloss":"Ivanovna"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"тем","lemma":"тем","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of снять","gloss":"thereby"},{"surface":"снять","lemma":"снять","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with уплатить","gloss":"lift"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking груди","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"своей","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of груди","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"груди","lemma":"грудь","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of снять","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking места","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of места","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"места","lemma":"место","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to груди, oblique complement of снять","gloss":"spot"},{"surface":"груди","lemma":"грудь","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies места","gloss":"of the chest"},{"surface":"позор","lemma":"позор","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of снять","gloss":"the shame"},{"surface":"который","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of носил","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of носил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"носил","lemma":"носить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause on позор","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of носил","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"который","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of давил","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies давил","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"давил","lemma":"давить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with носил","gloss":"weighed on"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of совесть","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"совесть","lemma":"совесть","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of давил","gloss":"conscience"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b8-c3-s128","source":"Всё это вполне объяснится читателю впоследствии, но теперь, после того как исчезла последняя надежда его, этот, столь сильный физически человек, только что прошел несколько шагов от дому Хохлаковой, вдруг залился слезами, как малый ребенок.","translation":"All of this will be made fully clear to the reader later on; but for now, after the last of his hopes had vanished, this man, so strong physically, had gone only a few paces from Madame Khokhlakova's house when he suddenly dissolved into tears, like a little child.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Всё это вполне объяснится читателю впоследствии","title":"Reflexive-passive «объяснится» with dative","body":"The -ся here makes a future passive — 'all this will be explained' — with the recipient «читателю» in the dative ('to the reader'). The narrator's direct address to the reader is characteristic of Dostoevsky's chronicler-voice."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"после того как исчезла последняя надежда","title":"Temporal «после того как»","body":"A subordinating conjunction 'after (the fact that)' opening the time-clause; «исчезла» is perfective ('had vanished'), a completed prior event setting up the main action."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"столь сильный физически человек","title":"Bookish «столь» for 'so'","body":"«Столь» ('so, to such a degree') is the elevated literary counterpart of everyday «так(ой)» — a period-marked register choice that heightens the pathos before he 'dissolves into tears like a little child'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"залился слезами","title":"«залился слезами»: burst into tears","body":"Literally 'flooded himself over with tears' — the perfective «залиться» + instrumental «слезами». A vivid idiom of sudden weeping, sharpened by the simile «как малый ребёнок» (like a small child)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of объяснится","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of объяснится","gloss":"of this"},{"surface":"вполне","lemma":"вполне","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies объяснится","gloss":"fully"},{"surface":"объяснится","lemma":"объясниться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, third, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be explained"},{"surface":"читателю","lemma":"читатель","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of объяснится","gloss":"to the reader"},{"surface":"впоследствии","lemma":"впоследствии","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies объяснится","gloss":"later on"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прошел","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"после","lemma":"после","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking того","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of после","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of исчезла","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"исчезла","lemma":"исчезнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clause modifying того","gloss":"had vanished"},{"surface":"последняя","lemma":"последний","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies надежда","gloss":"the last"},{"surface":"надежда","lemma":"надежда","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of исчезла","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of надежда","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of человек","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"столь","lemma":"столь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сильный","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"сильный","lemma":"сильный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies человек","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"физически","lemma":"физически","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сильный","gloss":"physically"},{"surface":"человек","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of прошел and залился","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase только что","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase только","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"прошел","lemma":"пройти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the temporal clause before залился","gloss":"had gone"},{"surface":"несколько","lemma":"несколько","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on шагов","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"шагов","lemma":"шаг","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of прошел","gloss":"paces"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking дому","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"дому","lemma":"дом","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прошел","gloss":"the house","note":"'от дому' — 'от' governs genitive; 'дому' is the archaic partitive-genitive form of 'дом' (regular genitive 'дома'), not dative."},{"surface":"Хохлаковой","lemma":"хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies дому","gloss":"of Khokhlakova"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies залился","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"залился","lemma":"залиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb, coordinated with прошел","gloss":"dissolved"},{"surface":"слезами","lemma":"слеза","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of залился","gloss":"into tears"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking ребенок","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"малый","lemma":"малый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ребенок","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"ребенок","lemma":"ребёнок","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of залился","gloss":"a child"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b8-c3-s129","source":"Он шел и в забытьи утирал кулаком слезы.","translation":"He walked on, wiping his tears away with his fist as if in a daze.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"утирал кулаком слезы","title":"Imperfective process «утирал»","body":"The imperfective past «утирал» ('kept wiping') paints a continuing, repeated action — he walks and wipes — rather than a single completed wipe. «Кулаком» is again the instrumental 'with his fist'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"в забытьи","title":"«в забытьи»: in a daze","body":"«Забытьё» is a state of oblivion, half-conscious abstraction or stupor. «В забытьи» (prep. case) marks Mitya moving as if lost to himself, not registering his own gesture."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of шел","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"шел","lemma":"идти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking забытьи","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"забытьи","lemma":"забытьё","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of утирал","gloss":"a daze"},{"surface":"утирал","lemma":"утирать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with шел","gloss":"wiped"},{"surface":"кулаком","lemma":"кулак","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of утирал","gloss":"with his fist"},{"surface":"слезы","lemma":"слеза","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of утирал","gloss":"his tears"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b8-c3-s130","source":"Так вышел он на площадь и вдруг почувствовал, что наткнулся на что-то всем телом.","translation":"Thus he came out onto the square, and all at once felt that he had run his whole body into something.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"почувствовал, что наткнулся на что-то всем телом","title":"Reported clause + indefinite «что-то»","body":"«Что» introduces the reported fact ('felt that…'); «что-то» with the clitic «-то» is the indefinite 'something' (a specific but unidentified object). «Всем телом» = 'with his whole body', instrumental of manner."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"наткнулся","title":"«наткнуться на»: to run/bump into","body":"Perfective «наткнуться на + acc.» means to blunder into, collide with, or stumble upon something — here Mitya walks bodily into the old woman in the dark."}],"words":[{"surface":"Так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вышел","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"вышел","lemma":"выйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came out"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вышел","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking площадь","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"площадь","lemma":"площадь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вышел","gloss":"the square"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies почувствовал","gloss":"all at once"},{"surface":"почувствовал","lemma":"почувствовать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with вышел","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of наткнулся","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"наткнулся","lemma":"наткнуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of почувствовал","gloss":"had run into"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking что","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of наткнулся","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase что-то","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"всем","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of телом","gloss":"his whole"},{"surface":"телом","lemma":"тело","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of наткнулся","gloss":"body"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b8-c3-s131","source":"Раздался пискливый вой какой-то старушонки, которую он чуть не опрокинул.","translation":"A squealing wail went up from some little old woman whom he had very nearly knocked off her feet.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Раздался пискливый вой какой-то старушонки","title":"Verb-first existential inversion","body":"'There went up a wail…' — «раздался» fronts the verb before its subject «вой», the new information last. «Какой-то» ('some, a certain') flags the old woman as as-yet unidentified."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"старушонки","title":"«старушонка»: the expressive diminutive","body":"From «старуха» (old woman) via «старушка» to «старушонка» — the «-онк-» suffix adds a faintly pitying, dismissive, folksy color, 'a wretched little old woman'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"которую он чуть не опрокинул","title":"«чуть не» + perfective: 'all but'","body":"«Чуть не опрокинул» = 'all but / very nearly knocked over' — «чуть не» plus a perfective past names an action on the brink of happening but not completed. «Которую» is the accusative relative object."}],"words":[{"surface":"Раздался","lemma":"раздаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went up"},{"surface":"пискливый","lemma":"пискливый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вой","gloss":"squealing"},{"surface":"вой","lemma":"вой","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Раздался","gloss":"a wail"},{"surface":"какой","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of старушонки","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase какой-то","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"старушонки","lemma":"старушонка","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies вой","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"которую","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of опрокинул","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of опрокинул","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"чуть","lemma":"чуть","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase чуть не","gloss":"very nearly"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase чуть","gloss":"nearly"},{"surface":"опрокинул","lemma":"опрокинуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"relative clause on старушонки","gloss":"knocked over"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b8-c3-s132","source":"— Господи, чуть не убил! Чего зря шагаешь, сорванец!","translation":"\"Lord, you near killed me! Why go charging about like that, you ruffian!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Господи","title":"«Господи»: the Church-Slavonic vocative","body":"'Lord!' — the old vocative case of «Господь», surviving only in fixed exclamations and prayer. Here it is a colloquial cry of alarm ('Good Lord!'), a fossil of the elevated register in everyday speech."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Чего зря шагаешь","title":"Genitive-of-cause «чего» = 'why'","body":"Colloquial «чего» (genitive of «что») here means 'why / what for' — 'why d'you go stamping about?'. «Зря» = 'for nothing, recklessly'; «шагаешь» is imperfective, the habitual/manner 'stride'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"сорванец","title":"«сорванец»: a young rascal","body":"A scolding word for a reckless scamp or hooligan, usually a boy — the old woman, not yet recognizing the grown Mitya, scolds him like an unruly youngster."}],"words":[{"surface":"Господи","lemma":"господи","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"чуть","lemma":"чуть","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase чуть не","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase чуть","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"убил","lemma":"убить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"killed","note":"The surface word 'убил' alone means 'killed'; the object 'меня' ('me') is not present in the Russian and is only inferable from context, so it shouldn't be folded into the single-word gloss."},{"surface":"Чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the question, modifies шагаешь","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"зря","lemma":"зря","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies шагаешь","gloss":"aimlessly"},{"surface":"шагаешь","lemma":"шагать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go charging about"},{"surface":"сорванец","lemma":"сорванец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address to (implied) ты","gloss":"you ruffian"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b8-c3-s133","source":"— Как, это вы? — вскричал Митя, разглядев в темноте старушонку. Это была та самая старая служанка, которая прислуживала Кузьме Самсонову и которую слишком заметил вчера Митя.","translation":"\"What, is it you?\" cried Mitya, making out the little old woman in the dark. She was the very same old serving-woman who had waited on Kuzma Samsonov, the one Mitya had noticed all too well the day before.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"разглядев в темноте старушонку","title":"Perfective gerund «разглядев»","body":"«Разглядев» ('having made out') is the perfective past gerund in -в — a completed action just before the main verb «вскричал». It compresses 'when he had made her out in the dark' into one word."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"та самая старая служанка, которая прислуживала… и которую слишком заметил","title":"«та самая» + two relative clauses","body":"«Та самая» = 'that very same' (demonstrative «тот» + emphatic «самая»). The two «который»-clauses take different cases — nominative «которая» (subject of 'waited on') and accusative «которую» (object of 'noticed')."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"прислуживала Кузьме Самсонову","title":"Dative after «прислуживать»","body":"'To wait on / serve' takes its person in the dative — «Кузьме Самсонову», the one served. The verb's imperfective tells us this was her standing role, not a single act."}],"words":[{"surface":"Как","lemma":"как","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the exclamation","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of вы","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"predicate complement","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"вскричал","lemma":"вскричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"narrates the quote","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вскричал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"разглядев","lemma":"разглядеть","morphology":"verb, past, active, converb, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on вскричал","gloss":"making out"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking темноте","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"темноте","lemma":"темнота","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of разглядев","gloss":"the dark"},{"surface":"старушонку","lemma":"старушонка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of разглядев","gloss":"the little old woman"},{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of служанка","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to служанка","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"та","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of служанка","gloss":"the very"},{"surface":"самая","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase та самая","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"старая","lemma":"старый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies служанка","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"служанка","lemma":"служанка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominative of была","gloss":"serving-woman"},{"surface":"которая","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of прислуживала","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"прислуживала","lemma":"прислуживать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause on служанка","gloss":"had waited on"},{"surface":"Кузьме","lemma":"кузьма","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of прислуживала","gloss":"Kuzma"},{"surface":"Самсонову","lemma":"самсонов","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Кузьме","gloss":"Samsonov"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"которую","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of заметил","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"слишком","lemma":"слишком","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies заметил","gloss":"all too well"},{"surface":"заметил","lemma":"заметить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with прислуживала","gloss":"had noticed"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies заметил","gloss":"the day before"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of заметил","gloss":"Mitya"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b8-c3-s134","source":"— А вы сами кто таковы, батюшка? — совсем другим голосом проговорила старушка, — не признать мне вас в темноте-то.","translation":"\"And who might you yourself be, my dear sir?\" said the old woman in quite another voice. \"I can't make you out in the dark.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"кто таковы","title":"«кто таковы»: bookish/folk 'who might you be'","body":"«Таков» is the predicative form of «такой» ('such, of that sort'); «кто вы таковы» is an archaic-folksy way of asking 'who exactly are you?'. The plural «таковы» reflects the polite «вы»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"батюшка","title":"«батюшка»: deferential 'dear sir'","body":"Literally 'dear little father' (diminutive of «батя»), used by common folk as a warm, deferential address to a gentleman — and separately as the title for an Orthodox priest. Here it is the old servant's respectful 'my dear sir'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не признать мне вас в темноте-то","title":"Dative-subject infinitive + emphatic «-то»","body":"An impersonal 'I can't make you out': the experiencer «мне» is dative, the predicate a bare infinitive «не признать» (no nominative subject). The clitic «-то» on «в темноте-то» lends a colloquial, topic-emphasizing color."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of кто","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"modifies вы","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"кто","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of таковы","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"таковы","lemma":"таков","morphology":"adjective, short form, plural","role":"predicate of the sentence","gloss":"might you be","note":"'кто вы таковы' is a set colloquial phrase for 'who might you be'."},{"surface":"батюшка","lemma":"батюшка","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"my dear sir"},{"surface":"совсем","lemma":"совсем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies другим","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"другим","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies голосом","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"голосом","lemma":"голос","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of проговорила","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"проговорила","lemma":"проговорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"narrates the quote","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"старушка","lemma":"старушка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of проговорила","gloss":"the old woman"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies признать","gloss":"can't"},{"surface":"признать","lemma":"признать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"main predicate of the sentence","gloss":"make out"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"logical subject of признать","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of признать","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking темноте","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"темноте","lemma":"темнота","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of признать","gloss":"the dark"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic particle attached to темноте","gloss":"indeed","note":"Colloquial emphatic suffix '-то' attached to the preceding noun."}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b8-c3-s135","source":"— Вы у Кузьмы Кузьмича живете, ему прислуживаете?","translation":"\"You live at Kuzma Kuzmich's, you wait on him?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Вы у Кузьмы Кузьмича живете, ему прислуживаете?","title":"Locative «у + gen.» and dative object","body":"«У Кузьмы Кузьмича» ('at Kuzma Kuzmich's [place]') uses «у» + genitive for being at someone's home; «ему прислуживаете» again gives the served person in the dative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of живете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Кузьмы","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Кузьмы","lemma":"кузьма","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of живете","gloss":"Kuzma's"},{"surface":"Кузьмича","lemma":"кузьмич","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Кузьмы","gloss":"Kuzmich's"},{"surface":"живете","lemma":"жить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of прислуживаете","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"прислуживаете","lemma":"прислуживать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with живете","gloss":"wait on"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b8-c3-s136","source":"— Точно так, батюшка, сейчас только к Прохорычу сбегала… Да чтой-то я вас всё признать не могу?","translation":"\"Just so, my dear sir, I only this minute ran round to Prokhorych… But however is it I still can't place you?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Точно так","title":"«Точно так»: 'just so, quite right'","body":"A deferential affirmation, 'exactly so / yes indeed', common in the mouths of servants and soldiers addressing a superior — it confirms with a touch of formal respect."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"сбегала","title":"«сбегала»: ran there and back","body":"The prefix «с-» on «бегать» (multidirectional 'run') gives a perfective 'made a quick round trip on foot' — she nipped over to Prokhorych's and back, not simply 'ran away'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"чтой-то","title":"«чтой-то»: dialectal 'how is it that'","body":"A colloquial/dialectal contraction of «что-то» / «что это», roughly 'somehow, how come' — folk speech rendering 'but however is it I still can't place you?'. It flags the old woman's untutored register."}],"words":[{"surface":"Точно","lemma":"точно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies так","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"main predicate of the answer","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"батюшка","lemma":"батюшка","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"my dear sir"},{"surface":"сейчас","lemma":"сейчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сбегала","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies сбегала","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Прохорычу","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Прохорычу","lemma":"прохорыч","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сбегала","gloss":"Prokhorych"},{"surface":"сбегала","lemma":"сбегать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran round"},{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the exclamation","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"чтой","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the exclamation, oblique complement of могу","gloss":"how is it","note":"'чтой-то' is a colloquial merger of 'что' + emphatic '-то'."},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase чтой","gloss":"for some reason","note":"This bound '-то' (from 'чтой-то') is an indefinite/rhetorical particle, not a marker of 'still' — that meaning already belongs to 'всё' (w14); duplicating it here is wrong."},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of признать/могу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of признать","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies признать","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"признать","lemma":"признать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могу","gloss":"place/recognize"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies могу","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"могу","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b8-c3-s137","source":"— Скажите, матушка, Аграфена Александровна у вас теперь? — вне себя от ожидания произнес Митя. — Давеча я ее сам проводил.","translation":"\"Tell me, mother, is Agrafena Alexandrovna with you now?\" Mitya brought out, beside himself with expectation. \"I myself saw her there a little while ago.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"вне себя от ожидания","title":"Reflexive «себя»: 'beside himself'","body":"The idiom «вне себя» ('outside oneself', i.e. frantic) uses the genitive of the reflexive «себя», which has no nominative. «От ожидания» ('from anticipation') gives the cause in the genitive after «от»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"матушка","title":"«матушка»: deferential 'mother'","body":"The feminine counterpart of «батюшка» — 'dear mother', a warm, respectful address to an older woman (and, for a priest's wife, a title). Mitya softens to coax information out of her."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Давеча","title":"«давеча»: 'a little while ago'","body":"A colloquial, slightly old-fashioned adverb for 'earlier today, just recently'. It marks the homely, plain-spoken texture of the exchange and recurs in Fenya's speech too."}],"words":[{"surface":"Скажите","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell me"},{"surface":"матушка","lemma":"матушка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Аграфена","lemma":"аграфена","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of the implied copula","gloss":"Agrafena"},{"surface":"Александровна","lemma":"александровна","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Аграфена","gloss":"Alexandrovna"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"oblique complement of the implied copula","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the implied copula","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"вне","lemma":"вне","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking себя","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"oblique complement of произнес","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ожидания","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ожидания","lemma":"ожидание","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of произнес","gloss":"expectation"},{"surface":"произнес","lemma":"произнести","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"narrates the quote","gloss":"brought out"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of произнес","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"Давеча","lemma":"давеча","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies проводил","gloss":"a little while ago"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of проводил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of проводил","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"сам","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies я","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"проводил","lemma":"проводить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw off"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b8-c3-s138","source":"— Была, батюшка, приходила, посидела время и ушла","translation":"\"She was, my dear sir, she came, sat a while, and went away.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"приходила, посидела время и ушла","title":"Imperfective 'came (and went)' vs perfective result","body":"«Приходила» is imperfective — the round-trip 'she came [and is no longer here]', stressing she was here but left. «Посидела» (sat a while, delimitative «по-») and «ушла» (left, perfective) then close the visit."}],"words":[{"surface":"Была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"she was"},{"surface":"батюшка","lemma":"батюшка","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"my dear sir"},{"surface":"приходила","lemma":"приходить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with Была","gloss":"she came"},{"surface":"посидела","lemma":"посидеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with приходила","gloss":"sat a while"},{"surface":"время","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial (duration) accusative with посидела","gloss":"a while"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ушла","lemma":"уйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with посидела","gloss":"went away"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b8-c3-s139","source":"— Как? Ушла? — вскричал Митя. — Когда ушла?","translation":"\"What? Gone?\" cried Mitya. \"When did she go?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Когда ушла?","title":"Pro-drop in panic","body":"No subject pronoun: «ушла» alone — feminine past-tense ending «-ла» already shows 'she'. The clipped, subjectless questions ('When did [she] go?') convey Mitya's mounting alarm."}],"words":[{"surface":"Как","lemma":"как","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the exclamation","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Ушла","lemma":"уйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"вскричал","lemma":"вскричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"narrates the quote","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вскричал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"Когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the question","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ушла","lemma":"уйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did she go"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b8-c3-s140","source":"— Да в ту пору и ушла же, минутку только и побыла у нас Кузьме Кузьмичу сказку одну рассказала, рассмешила его, да и убежала.","translation":"\"Why, she went at that very time, she was only with us a minute — told Kuzma Kuzmich some little tale, made him laugh, and off she ran.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Да в ту пору и ушла же","title":"Particle pile-up «да… и… же»","body":"Three particles color one clause: «да» opens with folksy 'why'; «и» intensifies ('and indeed'); «же» insists. Together they give the old woman's emphatic, conversational 'why, she went off at that very time!'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"в ту пору","title":"«в ту пору»: 'at that time'","body":"«Пора» is 'time, season, juncture'; «в ту пору» is a slightly folksy-archaic set phrase 'at that time / just then', plainer and homelier than «в то время»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"сказку одну рассказала, рассмешила его, да и убежала","title":"«сказку рассказала… убежала»: rapid perfectives","body":"A string of perfectives — told a tale, made him laugh, and 'off she ran' — sketches Grushenka's brief, mischievous visit. «Сказку» (a folk-tale, fib) hints she spun Samsonov a little story; «убежала» ('ran off') matches her quicksilver exit."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking пору","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ту","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of пору","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"пору","lemma":"пора","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ушла","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic, part of the phrase ушла же","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ушла","lemma":"уйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ушла","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"минутку","lemma":"минутка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial (duration) accusative with побыла","gloss":"a minute"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies побыла","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase только","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"побыла","lemma":"побыть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with ушла","gloss":"she stayed"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нас","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"нас","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"oblique complement of побыла","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"Кузьме","lemma":"кузьма","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of рассказала","gloss":"Kuzma"},{"surface":"Кузьмичу","lemma":"кузьмич","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Кузьме","gloss":"Kuzmich"},{"surface":"сказку","lemma":"сказка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of рассказала","gloss":"a tale"},{"surface":"одну","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"quantifies сказку","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"рассказала","lemma":"рассказать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with ушла","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"рассмешила","lemma":"рассмешить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with рассказала","gloss":"made laugh"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of рассмешила","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase да","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"убежала","lemma":"убежать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with рассказала","gloss":"ran off"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b8-c3-s141","source":"— Врешь, проклятая! — завопил Митя.","translation":"\"You're lying, curse you!\" Mitya bawled.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Врешь, проклятая!","title":"«Врёшь!» and the curse «проклятая»","body":"«Врёшь» = 'you're lying!' (2nd-sg. of «врать», to lie/talk nonsense), a violent accusation. «Проклятая» ('accursed [woman]') is a substantivized past passive participle of «проклясть», hurled as abuse."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"завопил","title":"«завопил»: let out a yell","body":"Inceptive «за-» + «вопить» (to wail, howl) — 'began to bawl, let out a roar'. The «за-» prefix marks the sudden onset of the shout, one of several such verbs tracking Mitya's escalating frenzy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Врешь","lemma":"врать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"you're lying"},{"surface":"проклятая","lemma":"проклятый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address (to her)","gloss":"curse you"},{"surface":"завопил","lemma":"завопить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence (reporting clause)","gloss":"bawled"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of завопил","gloss":"Mitya"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b8-c3-s142","source":"— А-ай! — закричала старушонка, но Мити и след простыл, он побежал что было силы в дом Морозовой.","translation":"\"Ai-ai!\" screamed the old woman, but of Mitya there was no trace left — he had bolted with all his strength to the Morozov house.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Мити и след простыл","title":"«и след простыл»: not a trace left","body":"A fixed idiom — literally 'even the trail had gone cold' — meaning someone has vanished without a trace. «Мити» is genitive ('of Mitya') governed by the construction: 'of Mitya there was no sign'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"что было силы","title":"«что было силы»: with all one's might","body":"A frozen idiom 'as much strength as there was', i.e. 'with all his might'. «Силы» is the genitive after the quantity-sense of «что было» — an archaic-flavored set expression of maximal effort."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection, part of А-ай","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"ай","lemma":"ай","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection, part of А-ай","gloss":"ai"},{"surface":"закричала","lemma":"закричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence (reporting clause)","gloss":"screamed"},{"surface":"старушонка","lemma":"старушонка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of закричала","gloss":"the old woman"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Мити","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies след (genitive of possession)","gloss":"Mitya's"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic particle before след","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"след","lemma":"след","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of простыл","gloss":"trace"},{"surface":"простыл","lemma":"простыть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with закричала","gloss":"had vanished","note":"idiom 'и след простыл' = vanished without a trace"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of побежал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"побежал","lemma":"побежать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with закричала","gloss":"had bolted"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the idiom clause 'что было силы'","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"verb of the idiom clause 'что было силы' (as much strength as there was)","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"силы","lemma":"сила","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"subject of было (genitive of quantity)","gloss":"strength","note":"idiom 'что было силы' = with all his might"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking дом","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"дом","lemma":"дом","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of побежал","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"Морозовой","lemma":"морозова","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies дом (genitive of possession)","gloss":"Morozov's"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b8-c3-s143","source":"Это именно было то время, когда Грушенька укатила в Мокрое, прошло не более четверти часа после ее отъезда Феня сидела со своею бабушкой, кухаркой Матреной, в кухне, когда вдруг вбежал «капитан».","translation":"This was precisely the time when Grushenka had rolled off to Mokroye; no more than a quarter of an hour had passed since her departure. Fenya was sitting with her grandmother, the cook Matryona, in the kitchen, when suddenly \"the captain\" burst in.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Это именно было то время, когда Грушенька укатила","title":"Correlative «то время, когда»","body":"«То… когда» sets up a time-correlative: 'this was precisely the time when…'. «Именно» ('exactly, precisely') sharpens it, the chronicler pinning the narrative clock."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"укатила","title":"«укатила»: rolled off, drove away","body":"Prefixed «у-» (away) + «катить» (to roll) — 'rolled / bowled off', a lively colloquial perfective for departing by carriage. It conveys Grushenka's brisk, almost gleeful exit to Mokroye."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"прошло не более четверти часа после ее отъезда","title":"Genitive of measure «четверти часа»","body":"'No more than a quarter of an hour' — «четверти часа» is genitive (a quarter of an hour), and «не более» governs the genitive of the measured amount. «Прошло» is the impersonal 'had passed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of было","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Это","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking Это to время","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of время","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"время","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate nominal of было","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of укатила","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Грушенька","lemma":"грушенька","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of укатила","gloss":"Grushenka"},{"surface":"укатила","lemma":"укатить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"relative clause on время","gloss":"had rolled off"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Мокрое","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Мокрое","lemma":"мокрое","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of укатила","gloss":"Mokroye"},{"surface":"прошло","lemma":"пройти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"had passed"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies более","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"более","lemma":"более","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies четверти","gloss":"more than"},{"surface":"четверти","lemma":"четверть","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"subject of прошло","gloss":"a quarter"},{"surface":"часа","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies четверти","gloss":"of an hour"},{"surface":"после","lemma":"после","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking отъезда","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of отъезда","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"отъезда","lemma":"отъезд","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прошло","gloss":"departure"},{"surface":"Феня","lemma":"феня","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of сидела","gloss":"Fenya"},{"surface":"сидела","lemma":"сидеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of following clause (asyndetic)","gloss":"was sitting"},{"surface":"со","lemma":"со","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking бабушкой","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"своею","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies бабушкой","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"бабушкой","lemma":"бабушка","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сидела","gloss":"grandmother"},{"surface":"кухаркой","lemma":"кухарка","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to бабушкой","gloss":"the cook"},{"surface":"Матреной","lemma":"матрёна","morphology":"proper noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to кухаркой","gloss":"Matryona"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking кухне","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"кухне","lemma":"кухня","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сидела","gloss":"the kitchen"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of вбежал","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вбежал","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"вбежал","lemma":"вбежать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on сидела","gloss":"burst in"},{"surface":"капитан","lemma":"капитан","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вбежал","gloss":"the captain"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b8-c3-s144","source":"Увидав его, Феня закричала благим матом.","translation":"Catching sight of him, Fenya screamed at the top of her lungs.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Увидав его","title":"Perfective gerund «увидав»","body":"«Увидав» (variant of «увидев») is the perfective past gerund of «увидеть» — 'on catching sight of him', a completed action immediately preceding the scream. The -в gerund is the literary norm here."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"благим матом","title":"«благим матом»: at the top of one's lungs","body":"A fixed idiom for screaming desperately/frantically. «Мат» here is an old word for a piercing voice (unrelated to «мат» = obscenity), and «благим» a frozen instrumental — together 'with a frantic shriek'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Увидав","lemma":"увидать","morphology":"verb, past, active, converb, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on закричала","gloss":"catching sight of"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Увидав","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Феня","lemma":"феня","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of закричала","gloss":"Fenya"},{"surface":"закричала","lemma":"закричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"screamed"},{"surface":"благим","lemma":"благой","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies матом (idiom)","gloss":"at the top"},{"surface":"матом","lemma":"мат","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of закричала (manner, idiom)","gloss":"of her lungs","note":"idiom 'благим матом' = at the top of one's lungs (archaic, unrelated to modern 'мат' profanity)"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b8-c3-s145","source":"— Кричишь? — завопил Митя. — Где она? — Но не дав ответить еще слова обомлевшей от страху Фене, он вдруг повалился ей в ноги:","translation":"\"Screaming, are you?\" Mitya bawled. \"Where is she?\" But before he had let the terror-stricken Fenya get out so much as a word, he suddenly threw himself down at her feet:","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не дав ответить еще слова обомлевшей от страху Фене","title":"Gerund «не дав» + genitive of negation","body":"«Не дав» is the perfective gerund 'without having let'; under its negation the object «слова» goes genitive ('not a [single] word'). «Обомлевшей» is a past active participle agreeing with dative «Фене» — 'to Fenya, dumbstruck with fright'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"повалился ей в ноги","title":"Reflexive «повалился» + dative","body":"«Повалиться» (-ся, middle/intransitive 'to topple, throw oneself down') with «ей в ноги» = 'fell at her feet'. The dative «ей» marks the person at whose feet he flings himself."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"обомлевшей от страху","title":"«обомлеть»: to be stunned with fear","body":"«Обомлеть» = to grow numb, be dumbstruck or paralyzed with shock. «От страху» ('from fear', archaic genitive in «-у») gives the cause — Fenya is frozen stiff with terror."}],"words":[{"surface":"Кричишь","lemma":"кричать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"screaming, are you"},{"surface":"завопил","lemma":"завопить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence (reporting clause)","gloss":"bawled"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of завопил","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"Где","lemma":"где","morphology":"adverb","role":"main predicate of the quoted clause (Где она)","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Где","gloss":"is she"},{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies дав","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"дав","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, past, active, converb, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on повалился","gloss":"having let"},{"surface":"ответить","lemma":"ответить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of дав","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies слова","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"слова","lemma":"слово","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of ответить","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"обомлевшей","lemma":"обомлеть","morphology":"verb, past, active, participle, feminine, singular, dative, perfective","role":"modifies Фене","gloss":"stupefied"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking страху","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"страху","lemma":"страх","morphology":"noun, partitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of обомлевшей","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"Фене","lemma":"феня","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of дав","gloss":"Fenya"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of повалился","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies повалился","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"повалился","lemma":"повалиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw himself down"},{"surface":"ей","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of повалился","gloss":"at her"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ноги","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ноги","lemma":"нога","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of повалился","gloss":"feet"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b8-c3-s146","source":"— Феня, ради господа Христа нашего, скажи, где она?","translation":"\"Fenya, for the sake of our Lord Christ, tell me, where is she?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"скажи, где она?","title":"Imperative «скажи»","body":"«Скажи» is the singular imperative of perfective «сказать» (stem-stressed, ending «-и»): 'tell me!'. The perfective fits a single urgent demand for one piece of information."}],"words":[{"surface":"Феня","lemma":"феня","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Fenya"},{"surface":"ради","lemma":"ради","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking господа","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господь","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ради","gloss":"the Lord"},{"surface":"Христа","lemma":"христос","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies господа","gloss":"Christ"},{"surface":"нашего","lemma":"наш","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Христа","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"скажи","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"где","lemma":"где","morphology":"adverb","role":"clausal complement of скажи","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of где","gloss":"she"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b8-c3-s147","source":"— Батюшка, ничего не знаю, голубчик Дмитрий Федорович, ничего не знаю, хоть убейте, ничего не знаю, — заклялась-забожилась Феня, — сами вы давеча с ней пошли","translation":"\"My dear sir, I know nothing, my darling Dmitri Fyodorovich, I know nothing, kill me if you like, I know nothing,\" Fenya swore and called God to witness, \"you yourself went off with her a little while ago—\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"голубчик","title":"«голубчик»: term of endearment","body":"Literally 'little dove' (diminutive of «голубь»), a warm, pleading endearment — 'my dear, darling'. Fenya, terrified, sweet-talks Mitya even as she protests her ignorance."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"хоть убейте","title":"Concessive imperative «хоть убейте»","body":"'Even if you kill me / kill me if you like' — an imperative «убейте» (polite/pl.) under concessive «хоть», a vivid idiom of helpless protest: she swears she knows nothing whatever she be threatened with."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"заклялась-забожилась","title":"«заклялась-забожилась»: swore and called God to witness","body":"A hyphenated paired verb (both reflexive, both with inceptive «за-»): «заклясться» ('to vow/swear off') + «забожиться» ('to start swearing by God, божиться'). The doubling intensifies — she swore up and down, invoking God."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"сами вы давеча с ней пошли","title":"Emphatic «сами» and instrumental «с ней»","body":"«Сами» ('you yourself', intensifier) underscores it was Mitya himself; «с ней» ('with her') is «с» + instrumental of accompaniment. «Пошли» is the perfective 'set off'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Батюшка","lemma":"батюшка","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address (to Mitya)","gloss":"sir"},{"surface":"ничего","lemma":"ничто","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"direct object of знаю","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause (repeated)","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"голубчик","lemma":"голубчик","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address, coordinated with Батюшка","gloss":"darling"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to голубчик","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"ничего","lemma":"ничто","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"direct object of знаю","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause (repeated)","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"хоть","lemma":"хоть","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the concessive clause of убейте","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"убейте","lemma":"убить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on знаю","gloss":"kill me"},{"surface":"ничего","lemma":"ничто","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"direct object of знаю","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause (repeated)","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"заклялась","lemma":"заклясться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence (first half of hyphenated pair)","gloss":"swore"},{"surface":"забожилась","lemma":"забожиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with заклялась (second half of hyphenated pair)","gloss":"called God to witness"},{"surface":"Феня","lemma":"феня","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of забожилась","gloss":"Fenya"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сам","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies вы","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of пошли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"давеча","lemma":"давеча","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies пошли","gloss":"a while ago"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of пошли","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"пошли","lemma":"пойти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the following clause","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b8-c3-s148","source":"— Она назад пришла!..","translation":"\"She came back!..\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Она назад пришла!..","title":"Prefixed motion «пришла» + «назад»","body":"«Пришла» is the perfective of arriving on foot (при- + идти); reinforced by «назад» ('back') — 'she came back!'. Mitya supplies the very thing Fenya will deny, his hope outrunning the facts."}],"words":[{"surface":"Она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of пришла","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"назад","lemma":"назад","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies пришла","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"пришла","lemma":"прийти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b8-c3-s149","source":"— Голубчик, не приходила, богом клянусь, не приходила!","translation":"\"My darling, she did not come, I swear by God, she did not come!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"богом клянусь, не приходила","title":"Instrumental of swearing «богом клянусь»","body":"«Клясться» ('to swear') takes the thing sworn by in the instrumental — «богом», 'by God'. «Не приходила» is the negated imperfective 'she did not come [at all]', denying the round-trip outright."}],"words":[{"surface":"Голубчик","lemma":"голубчик","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address (to Mitya)","gloss":"darling"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies приходила","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"приходила","lemma":"приходить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did not come"},{"surface":"богом","lemma":"бог","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of клянусь","gloss":"by God"},{"surface":"клянусь","lemma":"клясться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with приходила","gloss":"I swear"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies приходила","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"приходила","lemma":"приходить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with приходила","gloss":"did not come"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b8-c3-s150","source":"— Врешь, — вскричал Митя, — уж по одному твоему испугу знаю, где она!..","translation":"\"You're lying,\" cried Mitya, \"by your fright alone I know where she is!..\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"уж по одному твоему испугу знаю","title":"Particle «уж» + «по» of evidence","body":"The particle «уж» (intensive 'already, the very') sharpens his certainty. «По одному твоему испугу» ('by your fright alone') uses «по» + dative to mean 'judging from' — he reads the truth off her fear."}],"words":[{"surface":"Врешь","lemma":"врать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"you're lying"},{"surface":"вскричал","lemma":"вскричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence (reporting clause)","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вскричал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking испугу","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"одному","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, dative, masculine, singular","role":"quantifies испугу","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"твоему","lemma":"твой","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies испугу","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"испугу","lemma":"испуг","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of знаю","gloss":"fright"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with Врешь","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"где","lemma":"где","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of где","gloss":"she"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b8-c3-s151","source":"Он бросился вон.","translation":"He flung himself out of the room.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Он бросился вон","title":"Reflexive «бросился» + «вон»","body":"«Броситься» (-ся, 'to hurl oneself') with the adverb «вон» ('out, away') — 'he flung himself out'. The reflexive turns the transitive 'throw' into 'throw oneself', a self-directed rush."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of бросился","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"бросился","lemma":"броситься","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flung himself"},{"surface":"вон","lemma":"вон","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies бросился","gloss":"out"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b8-c3-s152","source":"Испуганная Феня рада была, что дешево отделалась, но очень хорошо поняла, что ему было только некогда, а то бы ей, может, несдобровать.","translation":"The frightened Fenya was glad to have got off so cheaply, but she understood quite well that it was only that he had no time, or things might have gone badly for her.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ему было только некогда, а то бы ей… несдобровать","title":"Dative-subject impersonals + counterfactual","body":"Two subjectless constructions: «ему было некогда» ('he had no time', dative experiencer) and «ей… несдобровать» ('things would have gone ill for her', dative + impersonal infinitive). «А то бы» ('otherwise … would') carries the unreal «бы»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"дешево отделалась","title":"«дёшево отделалась»: got off cheaply","body":"An idiom — «отделаться» ('to get off, be rid of') + «дёшево» ('cheaply') — 'she got off lightly'. Fenya is relieved to have escaped without harm."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"несдобровать","title":"«несдобровать»: to come to grief","body":"A defective impersonal verb existing only in this infinitive, meaning 'to fare badly, come to no good'. «Ей несдобровать» = 'it would have gone badly for her' — bodily harm implied."}],"words":[{"surface":"Испуганная","lemma":"испуганный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Феня","gloss":"frightened"},{"surface":"Феня","lemma":"феня","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of рада","gloss":"Fenya"},{"surface":"рада","lemma":"рад","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to рада","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of отделалась","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"дешево","lemma":"дёшево","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отделалась","gloss":"cheaply"},{"surface":"отделалась","lemma":"отделаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of рада","gloss":"got off"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"очень","lemma":"очень","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies хорошо","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"хорошо","lemma":"хорошо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies поняла","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"поняла","lemma":"понять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with рада","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of некогда","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of некогда","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to некогда","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies некогда","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"некогда","lemma":"некогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"clausal complement of поняла","gloss":"no time"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or else"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the idiom 'а то' (otherwise)","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"conditional particle","role":"marks the conditional 'а то бы'","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ей","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of несдобровать","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to несдобровать","gloss":"maybe"},{"surface":"несдобровать","lemma":"несдобровать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"main verb of the conditional clause (а то бы ... несдобровать)","gloss":"things would have gone badly"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b8-c3-s153","source":"Но убегая, он всё же удивил и Феню, и старуху Матрену одною самою неожиданною выходкой: на столе стояла медная ступка, а в ней пестик, небольшой медный пестик, в четверть аршина всего длиною.","translation":"But as he fled, he nonetheless astonished both Fenya and old Matryona with one most unexpected act: on the table stood a brass mortar, and in it a pestle, a small brass pestle no longer than a quarter of an arshin all told.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Но убегая, он всё же удивил… одною самою неожиданною выходкой","title":"Gerund «убегая» + instrumental of means","body":"«Убегая» is the imperfective gerund 'as he fled'. «Одною самою неожиданною выходкой» ('with one most unexpected act') is the instrumental governed by «удивил» (to astonish someone with something), all three words agreeing in instrumental."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"на столе стояла медная ступка, а в ней пестик","title":"Locative-first existential staging","body":"'On the table stood…' — location fronted, verb «стояла» before subject «ступка», presenting new objects into the scene. The contrastive «а» then introduces the pestle. This staging quietly foregrounds the murder weapon."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"пестик","title":"«пестик»: the pestle","body":"Diminutive of «пест» (pestle), the rod for pounding in a mortar («ступка»). This small brass pestle, snatched up on impulse, becomes the fateful object Mitya carries off into the night — the novel's most charged prop."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"убегая","lemma":"убегать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on удивил","gloss":"as he fled"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of удивил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"particle","role":"part of idiom 'всё же' (nonetheless), modifies удивил","gloss":"nonetheless"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"part of idiom 'всё же' (nonetheless)","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"удивил","lemma":"удивить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"astonished"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"correlative conjunction (и...и...), pairs with next и","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"Феню","lemma":"феня","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of удивил","gloss":"Fenya"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"correlative conjunction (и...и...)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"старуху","lemma":"старуха","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of удивил, coordinated with Феню","gloss":"the old woman"},{"surface":"Матрену","lemma":"матрёна","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to старуху","gloss":"Matryona"},{"surface":"одною","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies выходкой","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"самою","lemma":"сам","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"intensifies неожиданною (superlative 'the very')","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"неожиданною","lemma":"неожиданный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies выходкой","gloss":"unexpected"},{"surface":"выходкой","lemma":"выходка","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of удивил","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking столе","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"столе","lemma":"стол","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of стояла","gloss":"the table"},{"surface":"стояла","lemma":"стоять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the following clause (asyndetic)","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"медная","lemma":"медный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ступка","gloss":"brass"},{"surface":"ступка","lemma":"ступка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of стояла","gloss":"a mortar"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of стояла (elided)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"пестик","lemma":"пестик","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of стояла (elided), coordinated with ступка","gloss":"a pestle"},{"surface":"небольшой","lemma":"небольшой","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies пестик (second)","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"медный","lemma":"медный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies пестик (second)","gloss":"brass"},{"surface":"пестик","lemma":"пестик","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to пестик (first)","gloss":"pestle"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces measure phrase 'в четверть аршина длиною'","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"четверть","lemma":"четверть","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies пестик (measure: length)","gloss":"a quarter"},{"surface":"аршина","lemma":"аршин","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies четверть","gloss":"of an arshin"},{"surface":"всего","lemma":"всего","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies длиною","gloss":"in all"},{"surface":"длиною","lemma":"длина","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies пестик (in length)","gloss":"in length"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b8-c3-s154","source":"Митя, выбегая и уже отворив одною рукой дверь, другою вдруг на лету выхватил пестик из ступки и сунул себе в боковой карман, с ним и был таков.","translation":"Mitya, on his way out and already holding the door open with one hand, with the other suddenly snatched the pestle out of the mortar on the run and thrust it into his side pocket — and with that he was gone.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"выбегая и уже отворив одною рукой дверь, другою… выхватил","title":"Imperfective and perfective gerunds together","body":"Two gerunds frame the act: «выбегая» (impf., 'while running out', simultaneous) and «отворив» (pf., 'having opened', prior). «Одною рукой… другою» ('with one hand… with the other') are instrumentals of means."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"с ним и был таков","title":"«и был таков»: and off he went","body":"A fixed idiom — literally 'and [he] was such', i.e. 'and he was gone, vanished in a flash'. «С ним» ('with it', the pestle) ties the object to his sudden disappearance."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"сунул себе в боковой карман","title":"«сунул»: thrust, shoved","body":"Perfective «сунуть» ('to shove, stuff') is brusque and offhand — he jams the pestle into his side pocket «себе» (dative, 'into his own'). The casualness of the gesture makes its consequences the more ominous."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of выхватил","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"выбегая","lemma":"выбегать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on выхватил, parallel to отворив","gloss":"on his way out"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отворив","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"отворив","lemma":"отворить","morphology":"verb, past, active, converb, perfective","role":"coordinated with выбегая","gloss":"having opened"},{"surface":"одною","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies рукой","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"рукой","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of отворив (instrumental of means)","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"дверь","lemma":"дверь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of отворив","gloss":"the door"},{"surface":"другою","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of выхватил (elliptical for 'другою рукой'; другой is a pronominal adjective, not a numeral)","gloss":"with the other"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies выхватил","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking лету","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"лету","lemma":"лёт","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of выхватил","gloss":"the run"},{"surface":"выхватил","lemma":"выхватить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"snatched"},{"surface":"пестик","lemma":"пестик","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of выхватил","gloss":"the pestle"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ступки","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ступки","lemma":"ступка","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of выхватил","gloss":"the mortar"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"сунул","lemma":"сунуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with выхватил","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of сунул","gloss":"into his own"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking карман","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"боковой","lemma":"боковой","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies карман","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"карман","lemma":"карман","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сунул","gloss":"pocket"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ним","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ним","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of был, idiom 'и был таков' ('and that was the last of him'); ним refers back to the pestle, not to a fixed phrase 'с тем и был таков' (the surface here is 'с ним', not 'с тем')","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"был","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to таков","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"таков","lemma":"таков","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of был, idiom 'был таков' (he was gone)","gloss":"gone"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b8-c3-s155","source":"— Ах господи, он убить кого хочет! — всплеснула руками Феня.","translation":"\"Ah, Lord, he means to kill someone!\" Fenya threw up her hands.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"он убить кого хочет","title":"Indefinite «кого» = 'someone'","body":"Here unstressed «кого» functions as the indefinite 'someone' (a reduced «кого-то»): 'he wants to kill someone!'. «Убить» is the perfective infinitive after «хочет» — a single intended act, voicing the dread that hangs over the chapter's close."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"всплеснула руками","title":"«всплеснуть руками»: to throw up one's hands","body":"A set gesture-idiom — «всплеснуть руками» ('to splash/clap one's hands up') expresses sudden alarm or dismay. «Руками» is the instrumental. Fenya's frightened exclamation lands the chapter on its note of foreboding."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ах","lemma":"ах","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection introducing the exclamation","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"господи","lemma":"господи","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of хочет","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"убить","lemma":"убить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of хочет","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"кого","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of убить","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"хочет","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wants"},{"surface":"всплеснула","lemma":"всплеснуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence (reporting clause)","gloss":"threw up"},{"surface":"руками","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of всплеснула (instrumental, idiom)","gloss":"her hands"},{"surface":"Феня","lemma":"феня","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of всплеснула","gloss":"Fenya"}]}]}