{"work":{"slug":"karamazov","title":{"source":"Братья Карамазовы","translated":"The Brothers Karamazov"},"author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","language":"Russian","languageCode":"ru","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/karamazov"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"b9-c7","title":{"source":"VII. Великая тайна Мити. Освистали","translated":"Mitya's Great Secret Received with Hisses"},"section":"Book IX — The Preliminary Investigation","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/karamazov/b9-c7","lines":259},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/karamazov/b9-c6","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/karamazov/b9-c8","license":"Source text: public domain (Fyodor Dostoevsky, d. 1881; Russian from the Nauka academic edition via ru.wikisource). English translation: original, © 1732 Studios (2026); rendered freshly from the public-domain Russian, not derived from any prior English translation. Sentence-aligned by 1732 Studios.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b9-c7-s1","source":"— Господа, — начал он всё в том же волнении, — эти деньги… я хочу признаться вполне… эти деньги были мои.","translation":"\"Gentlemen,\" he began, in the same agitation as before, \"this money... I want to confess it fully... this money was mine.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"эти деньги были мои","title":"Zero copula in the past, nominative complement","body":"«Деньги» is a plurale tantum (only-plural) noun, so «были» agrees in plural; the predicate «мои» stands in the nominative because it is a possessive pronoun left attributive. Contrast the instrumental Russian uses for a role-noun after «быть» — here the simple identity 'was mine' keeps the nominative."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"признаться","title":"Perfective reflexive «-ся» of confession","body":"«Признаться» (to confess, own up) carries the clitic «-ся», here a verb that exists chiefly in its reflexive form. The perfective views the confession as a single decisive act Mitya is bracing himself to complete «вполне» (fully)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, vocative (nominative form), masculine, plural","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Gentlemen"},{"surface":"начал","lemma":"начать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of начал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies волнении (всё в том же = still in the same)","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking волнении","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"том","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, locative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of волнении","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies том (тот же = the same)","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"волнении","lemma":"волнение","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of начал","gloss":"agitation"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of деньги","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, nominative, plural","role":"head of the interrupted phrase","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of хочу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"хочу","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"признаться","lemma":"признаться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of хочу","gloss":"to confess"},{"surface":"вполне","lemma":"вполне","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies признаться","gloss":"fully"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of деньги","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of мои","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"были","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"copula linking to мои","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"мои","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"predicate, complement of были","gloss":"mine"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b9-c7-s2","source":"У прокурора и следователя даже лица вытянулись, не того совсем они ожидали.","translation":"The faces of both the prosecutor and the examining magistrate actually fell; this was not at all what they had been expecting.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"У прокурора и следователя даже лица вытянулись","title":"«У» + genitive of possession; topic-first word order","body":"«У прокурора и следователя» literally 'at the prosecutor's and magistrate's' puts the possessors in the genitive after «у», framing whose faces these are. Russian fronts this given information, then delivers the new event «лица вытянулись» (their faces fell, lit. 'stretched out')."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не того совсем они ожидали","title":"Genitive of the negated object","body":"«Ожидать» governs the genitive of its object here, and under negation the demonstrative «того» (that) appears as genitive «того», not accusative — the genitive of negation marking 'this was not at all what they expected'. The fronting of «не того» throws the contrast into relief."}],"words":[{"surface":"У","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking прокурора","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"прокурора","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"possessive complement, modifies лица","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"следователя","lemma":"следователь","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with прокурора","gloss":"the examining magistrate"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies лица","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"лица","lemma":"лицо","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of вытянулись","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"вытянулись","lemma":"вытянуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies того","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of ожидали","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"совсем","lemma":"совсем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies того","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"они","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ожидали","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ожидали","lemma":"ожидать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with вытянулись","gloss":"had expected"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b9-c7-s3","source":"— Как же ваши, — пролепетал Николай Парфенович, — тогда как еще в пять часов дня, по собственному признанию вашему…","translation":"\"How can it be yours,\" stammered Nikolai Parfenovich, \"when only at five o'clock that afternoon, by your own admission...\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Как же ваши","title":"The particle «же» of insistent astonishment","body":"«Как же…» layers the modal particle «же» onto 'how', conveying baffled insistence — 'how on earth can it be yours?'. The particle has no lexical meaning; it carries the magistrate's incredulity, the kind of texture English supplies only with stress."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"по собственному признанию вашему","title":"«По» + dative; bookish post-posed possessive","body":"«По собственному признанию вашему» (by your own admission) uses «по» governing the dative «признанию». Placing the possessive «вашему» after its noun, rather than before, is a formal, slightly archaic flourish suited to the magistrate's officialese."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"пролепетал","title":"«пролепетать» — to stammer out","body":"«Пролепетал» means he babbled or stammered the words, with a sense of childlike helplessness; the prefix «про-» marks the utterance as a single completed burst. Dostoevsky favours such expressive verbs of speech to choreograph the interrogation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ваши","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Как","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ваши","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"predicate, head of the phrase","gloss":"yours"},{"surface":"пролепетал","lemma":"пролепетать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stammered"},{"surface":"Николай","lemma":"Николай","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of пролепетал","gloss":"Nikolai"},{"surface":"Парфенович","lemma":"Парфёнович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Николай","gloss":"Parfenovich"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of compound conjunction тогда как","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the compound conjunction тогда как","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies часов","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking часов","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"пять","lemma":"пять","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on часов","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"часов","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial time complement of the clause","gloss":"o'clock"},{"surface":"дня","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies часов","gloss":"in the afternoon"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking признанию","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"собственному","lemma":"собственный","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies признанию","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"признанию","lemma":"признание","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of the clause","gloss":"admission"},{"surface":"вашему","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of признанию","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b9-c7-s4","source":"— Э, к черту пять часов того дня и собственное признание мое, не в том теперь дело!","translation":"\"Eh, to the devil with five o'clock that afternoon and with my own admission — that is not the point now!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"к черту","title":"«к чёрту» — to the devil with it","body":"«К чёрту» (lit. 'to the devil') is a brusque dismissive idiom, governed by «к» + dative. Mitya sweeps aside the magistrate's careful timeline with the impatience that marks his whole confession."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не в том теперь дело","title":"Idiomatic «дело в том» negated","body":"«Дело в том, что…» ('the point is that…') is a fixed frame; here negated and inverted to «не в том теперь дело» — 'that is not the point now'. «В том» sits in the prepositional after «в», pointing forward to the real matter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Э","lemma":"э","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the exclamation","gloss":"Eh"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking черту","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"черту","lemma":"чёрт","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"object of к (idiom: to the devil with)","gloss":"the devil"},{"surface":"пять","lemma":"пять","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on часов","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"часов","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with черту (part of what is damned)","gloss":"o'clock"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of дня","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"дня","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies часов","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"собственное","lemma":"собственный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies признание","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"признание","lemma":"признание","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with часов (part of what is damned)","gloss":"admission"},{"surface":"мое","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of признание","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies дело","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking том","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"том","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, locative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of дело","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies дело","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"дело","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate, head of the phrase","gloss":"the point"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b9-c7-s5","source":"Эти деньги были мои, мои, то есть краденые мои… не мои то есть, а краденые, мною украденные, и их было полторы тысячи, и они были со мной, всё время со мной…","translation":"\"This money was mine, mine — that is, stolen money of mine... not mine, that is, but stolen, stolen by me, and there was fifteen hundred of it, and it was on me, on me the whole time...\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"мною украденные","title":"Past passive participle with instrumental agent","body":"«Украденные» is the past passive participle of «украсть» (to steal), and «мною» is the instrumental of «я» naming the agent — 'stolen by me'. This is the textbook passive pattern: patient as subject, doer in the instrumental."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"их было полторы тысячи","title":"Numeral «полторы» governing the genitive; neuter «было»","body":"«Полторы тысячи» (one and a half thousand) takes its noun in the genitive singular «тысячи», and the existential verb defaults to neuter singular «было». «Их» is the partitive genitive 'of it'. This quantified, subjectless framing is idiomatically Russian."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"то есть… не мои то есть, а краденые","title":"Self-correction with «то есть» and contrastive «а»","body":"The stammering correction is steered by «то есть» (that is) and the contrastive «а» (rather, but), which marks a replacement of one statement by another. Dostoevsky reproduces Mitya's halting thought through this grammar of restatement."}],"words":[{"surface":"Эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of деньги","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of мои","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"были","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"copula linking to мои","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"мои","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"predicate, complement of были","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"мои","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"emphatic repetition of мои","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"part of fixed phrase то есть","role":"introduces parenthetical то есть","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase то есть (that is)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"краденые","lemma":"краденый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies мои (elided деньги)","gloss":"stolen"},{"surface":"мои","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"modifies краденые","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies мои","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"мои","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"predicate (negated)","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"part of fixed phrase то есть","role":"introduces parenthetical то есть","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase то есть (that is)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"краденые","lemma":"краденый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with мои (predicate)","gloss":"stolen"},{"surface":"мною","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, singular","role":"oblique complement of украденные","gloss":"by me"},{"surface":"украденные","lemma":"украсть","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, plural, nominative, perfective","role":"appositive, restates краденые","gloss":"stolen"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"их","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"partitive complement, of them","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to тысячи","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"one and a half"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"subject complement of было","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"они","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of были","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"были","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb, linking to со мной","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"со","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мной","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"мной","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, singular","role":"oblique complement of были","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of время","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"время","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial accusative of duration, modifies были","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"со","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мной","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"мной","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, singular","role":"oblique complement of были (repeated for emphasis)","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b9-c7-s6","source":"— Да откуда же вы их взяли?","translation":"\"But where did you get it?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Да откуда же вы их взяли?","title":"Opening «да» + «же»: pressing demand","body":"The clause opens with «да» (here not 'yes' but an intensifying 'but, now') and again the particle «же», pressing the question 'but where ever did you get it?'. «Взяли» is perfective past, asking after a single completed act of taking."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies взяли","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"откуда","lemma":"откуда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies взяли","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies откуда","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of взяли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"их","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of взяли","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"взяли","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did you get"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b9-c7-s7","source":"— С шеи, господа, взял, с шеи, вот с этой самой моей шеи… Здесь они были у меня на шее, зашиты в тряпку и висели на шее, уже давно, уже месяц, как я их на шее со стыдом и с позором носил!","translation":"\"From my neck, gentlemen, I took it from my neck, from this very neck of mine... It was here, on my neck, sewn up in a rag and hanging from my neck, and it had been there a long time, a whole month, that I carried it on my neck in shame and disgrace!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"С шеи, господа, взял, с шеи","title":"«С» + genitive of source; obsessive repetition","body":"«С шеи» (from my neck) uses «с» governing the genitive to mark the place something is taken from. The threefold repetition of «с шеи… на шее… на шее» is rhetorical, hammering the bodily intimacy of the hidden money."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"зашиты в тряпку","title":"Short-form past passive participle as predicate","body":"«Зашиты» is the short (predicative) form of the passive participle «зашитый» (sewn up), agreeing in plural with «деньги» — 'they were sewn up'. The short form here states a resulting condition, the money's hidden state."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"со стыдом и с позором","title":"«стыд» and «позор» — shame and disgrace","body":"«Стыд» is inward shame felt; «позор» is outward, public disgrace. Pairing them, Mitya names both the private and the social weight of carrying the stolen money — a distinction the prosecutor will later pick at («зазорно» vs «позорно»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"С","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шеи","gloss":"From"},{"surface":"шеи","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of взял","gloss":"my neck"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, vocative (nominative form), masculine, plural","role":"vocative address","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"взял","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I took"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шеи","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"шеи","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of взял (repeated)","gloss":"my neck"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies шеи","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шеи","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of шеи","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"самой","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies шеи (emphatic: this very)","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"моей","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of шеи","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"шеи","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with шеи (repeated)","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"Здесь","lemma":"здесь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies были","gloss":"Here"},{"surface":"они","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of были","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"были","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of были (у меня = on me)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шее","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"шее","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of были","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"зашиты","lemma":"зашить","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with были","gloss":"sewn up"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тряпку","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"тряпку","lemma":"тряпка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of зашиты","gloss":"a rag"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"висели","lemma":"висеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with зашиты","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шее","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"шее","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of висели","gloss":"my neck"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies давно","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"давно","lemma":"давно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies висели","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial accusative of duration, modifies висели/носил","gloss":"a month"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"correlates with уже месяц","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of носил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"их","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of носил","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шее","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"шее","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of носил","gloss":"my neck"},{"surface":"со","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стыдом","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"стыдом","lemma":"стыд","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of носил, coordinated with позором","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking позором","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"позором","lemma":"позор","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of носил","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"носил","lemma":"носить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"I carried"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b9-c7-s8","source":"— Но у кого же вы их… присвоили?","translation":"\"But from whom did you... appropriate it?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"у кого же вы их… присвоили","title":"«У» + genitive marking the person deprived","body":"«У кого» (from whom) uses «у» + genitive of «кто» to name the source from whom something was taken — the same construction as 'У него нет' for possession, here for dispossession. «Же» again presses the question."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"присвоили","title":"«присвоить» — to appropriate, take as one's own","body":"«Присвоить» is a legalistic, decorous verb for taking what belongs to another — 'appropriate' rather than the blunt «украсть» (steal). The magistrate's choice of the polite word is precisely what Mitya seizes on in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking кого","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"кого","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"oblique complement of присвоили","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies кого","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of присвоили","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"их","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of присвоили","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"присвоили","lemma":"присвоить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"appropriate"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b9-c7-s9","source":"— Вы хотели сказать: «украли»?","translation":"\"You meant to say 'steal'?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Вы хотели сказать: «украли»?","title":"«хотели сказать» — past imperfective of intent","body":"«Хотели сказать» (you meant / wanted to say) pairs the imperfective past of «хотеть» with a perfective infinitive «сказать». Mitya throws the euphemism back, insisting on the harsher «украли» (stole) the magistrate avoided."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of хотели","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"хотели","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"сказать","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of хотели","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"украли","lemma":"украсть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"quoted complement of сказать","gloss":"steal"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b9-c7-s10","source":"Говорите теперь слова прямо.","translation":"Speak the words plainly now.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Говорите теперь слова прямо.","title":"Imperative «говорите» (polite plural)","body":"«Говорите» is the imperfective imperative with the polite/plural ending «-те» — a demand for an ongoing manner of speaking, 'speak plainly'. The imperfective here fits a general injunction rather than a single act."}],"words":[{"surface":"Говорите","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Speak"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Говорите","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"слова","lemma":"слово","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of Говорите","gloss":"the words"},{"surface":"прямо","lemma":"прямо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Говорите","gloss":"plainly"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b9-c7-s11","source":"Да, я считаю, что я их всё равно что украл, а если хотите, действительно «присвоил».","translation":"Yes, I consider that I as good as stole it, and, if you like, I really did 'appropriate' it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"всё равно что украл","title":"«всё равно что» — as good as, the same as","body":"The idiom «всё равно что» means 'tantamount to, as good as' — Mitya concedes he 'as good as stole' the money. It softens nothing morally; he is refusing the magistrate's gentler «присвоил»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"если хотите","title":"Conversational «если хотите» — if you like","body":"«Если хотите» (if you wish) is a parenthetical hedge introduced by the subordinator «если». It politely concedes the magistrate's preferred word «присвоил», even as Mitya insists on «украл»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"parenthetical, precedes считаю","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of считаю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"считаю","lemma":"считать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"consider"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of украл","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of украл","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"их","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of украл","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase всё равно что","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"равно","lemma":"равно","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase всё равно что (as good as)","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase всё равно что","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"украл","lemma":"украсть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of считаю","gloss":"stole"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of хотите","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"хотите","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on присвоил","gloss":"you like"},{"surface":"действительно","lemma":"действительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies присвоил","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"присвоил","lemma":"присвоить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with украл","gloss":"appropriated"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b9-c7-s12","source":"Но по-моему, украл.","translation":"But to my mind, I stole it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"по-моему","title":"«по-моему» — to my mind","body":"«По-моему» is an adverb formed with the «по-…-ему» pattern meaning 'in my opinion, my way'. Mitya plants his own moral verdict against the magistrate's softer legal term."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition (part of по-моему)","role":"part of the phrase по-моему","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"моему","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular (fixed adverbial по-моему)","role":"part of the phrase по-моему, modifies украл","gloss":"my mind"},{"surface":"украл","lemma":"украсть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I stole"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b9-c7-s13","source":"А вчера вечером так уж совсем украл.","translation":"And last night I stole it altogether.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"так уж совсем украл","title":"Stacked particles «так уж совсем»","body":"«Так уж совсем» piles intensifiers — «так» (so), «уж» (an emphatic 'really, indeed'), «совсем» (completely) — to escalate: 'I stole it altogether.' Such particle-clusters are the heartbeat of Dostoevsky's spoken Russian."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies украл","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"вечером","lemma":"вечер","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement, modifies украл (вчера вечером = last night)","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies украл","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase так уж","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"совсем","lemma":"совсем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies украл","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"украл","lemma":"украсть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I stole"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b9-c7-s14","source":"— Вчера вечером?","translation":"\"Last night?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yesterday"},{"surface":"вечером","lemma":"вечер","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Вчера","gloss":"evening"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b9-c7-s15","source":"Но вы сейчас сказали, что уж месяц, как их… достали!","translation":"But you said just now that it was a month ago that you... came by it!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"уж месяц, как их… достали","title":"«как» + time = 'it has been (a month) since'","body":"«Уж месяц, как…» is the idiom 'it's a month since…', where «как» introduces the elapsed-time clause. The perfective «достали» (got hold of) marks the single past act of acquisition that started the month's count."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of сказали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сейчас","lemma":"сейчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сказали","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"сказали","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of месяц","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of сказали","gloss":"a month"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"correlates with месяц (since)","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"их","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of достали","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"достали","lemma":"достать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got hold of"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b9-c7-s16","source":"— Да, но не у отца, не у отца, не беспокойтесь, не у отца украл, а у ней.","translation":"\"Yes, but not from my father, not from my father, don't worry — it wasn't from my father that I stole it, but from her.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не у отца, не у отца… а у ней","title":"Negation «не», contrastive «а», and «у» + genitive","body":"The frantic «не у отца… а у ней» sets a negated source against the true one with «а» (but rather). «У ней» is a colloquial, period variant of «у неё» (from her) — the genitive of «она» after «у»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не беспокойтесь","title":"Negated imperative of a «-ся» verb","body":"«Не беспокойтесь» (don't worry) is the polite negated imperative of the reflexive «беспокоиться». With negation Russian normally uses the imperfective imperative, as here, for a general reassurance."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"response particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates the elided украл","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking отца","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"отца","lemma":"отец","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of украл (elliptical)","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates the elided украл","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking отца","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"отца","lemma":"отец","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of украл (elliptical)","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies беспокойтесь","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"беспокойтесь","lemma":"беспокоиться","morphology":"verb, imperative, middle, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"worry"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"negates украл","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking отца","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"отца","lemma":"отец","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of украл","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"украл","lemma":"украсть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stole"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of украл (elided)","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b9-c7-s17","source":"Дайте рассказать и не перебивайте.","translation":"Let me tell it, and don't interrupt.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Дайте рассказать и не перебивайте.","title":"Aspect contrast in paired imperatives","body":"«Дайте рассказать» (let me tell it) is perfective — finish the one telling — while «не перебивайте» (don't interrupt) is imperfective, the aspect negation prefers for a standing prohibition. The pairing shows the two aspects doing opposite work side by side."}],"words":[{"surface":"Дайте","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"рассказать","lemma":"рассказать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of Дайте","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies перебивайте","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"перебивайте","lemma":"перебивать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with Дайте","gloss":"interrupt"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b9-c7-s18","source":"Это ведь тяжело.","translation":"This is hard, after all.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Это ведь тяжело.","title":"Particle «ведь» appealing to the listener","body":"«Ведь» appeals to shared understanding — 'this is hard, after all / you must see'. It seeks the hearer's sympathy without adding any literal content, a hallmark of Dostoevsky's intimate dialogue."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of тяжело","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies тяжело","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"тяжело","lemma":"тяжёлый","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hard"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b9-c7-s19","source":"Видите: месяц назад призывает меня Катерина Ивановна Верховцева, бывшая невеста моя… Знаете вы ее?","translation":"You see: a month ago Katerina Ivanovna Verkhovtseva, my former betrothed, summons me to her... Do you know her?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"призывает меня Катерина Ивановна","title":"Historical present in vivid narration","body":"«Призывает» (summons) is present-tense though the event is a month past — the 'historical present' Russian uses to make narration immediate. Note too the verb-first order, throwing the reader straight into the action before the subject."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"невеста","title":"«невеста» — betrothed, bride-to-be","body":"«Невеста» means a fiancée or bride; «бывшая невеста» is 'former betrothed', signalling a broken engagement. The word carries the weight of a formal, near-marital bond now sundered."}],"words":[{"surface":"Видите","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of призывает","gloss":"a month"},{"surface":"назад","lemma":"назад","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"призывает","lemma":"призывать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by Видите","gloss":"summons"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of призывает","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Катерина","lemma":"катерина","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of призывает","gloss":"Katerina"},{"surface":"Ивановна","lemma":"иванович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Катерина","gloss":"Ivanovna"},{"surface":"Верховцева","lemma":"верховцев","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Ивановна","gloss":"Verkhovtseva"},{"surface":"бывшая","lemma":"бывший","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies невеста","gloss":"former"},{"surface":"невеста","lemma":"невеста","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"apposition to Катерина, subject of призывает","gloss":"betrothed"},{"surface":"моя","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of невеста","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Знаете","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of Знаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Знаете","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b9-c7-s20","source":"— Как же-с, помилуйте.","translation":"\"Why, of course, for pity's sake.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Как же-с, помилуйте.","title":"The deferential clitic «-с» and «помилуйте»","body":"The «-с» tacked onto «как же-с» is the «словоерс», a clipped relic of «сударь» (sir) that adds servile politeness — pure 19th-century texture. «Помилуйте» (lit. 'have mercy') is here a polite exclamation, 'for pity's sake, of course'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom как же","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Как","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"particle","role":"deferential particle attached to же","gloss":"sir","note":"Archaic deferential enclitic -с (from сударь), roughly 'sir' — old-fashioned polite speech."},{"surface":"помилуйте","lemma":"помиловать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"for pity's sake"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b9-c7-s21","source":"— Знаю, что знаете.","translation":"\"I know you know.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Знаю, что знаете.","title":"Subordinating «что» and pro-drop","body":"«Знаю, что знаете» — 'I know that you know' — drops both subject pronouns, since the verb endings «знаю»/«знаете» already mark person. «Что» introduces the reported-fact clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of знаете","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"знаете","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of Знаю","gloss":"you know"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b9-c7-s22","source":"Благороднейшая душа, благороднейшая из благородных, но меня ненавидевшая давно уже, о, давно, давно… и заслуженно, заслуженно ненавидевшая!","translation":"A most noble soul, the noblest of the noble, but one who has long hated me — oh, long, long ago... and hated me deservedly, deservedly!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"благороднейшая из благородных","title":"Superlative suffix «-ейш-» with partitive genitive","body":"«Благороднейшая» is the bookish synthetic superlative ('most noble') in «-ейш-», and «из благородных» (of the noble) gives the genitive-plural set she stands above — 'the noblest of the noble'. This elevated suffix suits Mitya's exalted praise."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"меня ненавидевшая давно","title":"Past active participle in «-вш-»","body":"«Ненавидевшая» is the past active participle of «ненавидеть» (to hate), feminine, agreeing with the 'soul' — 'who had long hated me'. The participle compresses a whole который-clause into one bookish modifier, and the imperfective stem gives the hatred its enduring, ongoing quality."}],"words":[{"surface":"Благороднейшая","lemma":"благородный","morphology":"adjective, superlative, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies душа","gloss":"most noble"},{"surface":"душа","lemma":"душа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"благороднейшая","lemma":"благородный","morphology":"adjective, superlative, nominative, feminine, singular (substantivized)","role":"apposition to душа","gloss":"the noblest one"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking благородных","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"благородных","lemma":"благородный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural (substantivized)","role":"oblique complement of благороднейшая","gloss":"the noble"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of ненавидевшая","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ненавидевшая","lemma":"ненавидеть","morphology":"verb, past, active, participle, feminine, singular, nominative, imperfective","role":"participial clause modifying душа","gloss":"having hated"},{"surface":"давно","lemma":"давно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ненавидевшая","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies давно","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker (exclamation)","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"давно","lemma":"давно","morphology":"adverb","role":"exclamatory repetition, modifies ненавидевшая","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"давно","lemma":"давно","morphology":"adverb","role":"exclamatory repetition, modifies ненавидевшая","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"заслуженно","lemma":"заслуженно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ненавидевшая","gloss":"deservedly"},{"surface":"заслуженно","lemma":"заслуженно","morphology":"adverb","role":"repetition, modifies ненавидевшая","gloss":"deservedly"},{"surface":"ненавидевшая","lemma":"ненавидеть","morphology":"verb, past, active, participle, feminine, singular, nominative, imperfective","role":"participial clause modifying душа, coordinated with благороднейшая","gloss":"having hated"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b9-c7-s23","source":"— Катерина Ивановна? — с удивлением переспросил следователь.","translation":"\"Katerina Ivanovna?\" the magistrate echoed in surprise.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"с удивлением переспросил","title":"«С» + instrumental of manner","body":"«С удивлением» (with surprise) uses «с» + instrumental to express the manner of the action. The verb «переспросил» ('asked again, echoed back') has the prefix «пере-» for repetition."}],"words":[{"surface":"Катерина","lemma":"катерина","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Katerina"},{"surface":"Ивановна","lemma":"иванович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Катерина","gloss":"Ivanovna"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking удивлением","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"удивлением","lemma":"удивление","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of переспросил","gloss":"surprise"},{"surface":"переспросил","lemma":"переспросить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"echoed"},{"surface":"следователь","lemma":"следователь","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of переспросил","gloss":"the magistrate"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b9-c7-s24","source":"Прокурор тоже ужасно уставился.","translation":"The prosecutor too stared in astonishment.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Прокурор тоже ужасно уставился.","title":"Reflexive «уставиться» — to fix one's stare","body":"«Уставился» is the perfective of the «-ся» verb «уставиться» (to stare fixedly), here intransitive/middle in sense. «Ужасно» (terribly) functions as a colloquial intensifier, 'stared intently'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of уставился","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"тоже","lemma":"тоже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies уставился","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ужасно","lemma":"ужасно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies уставился","gloss":"awfully"},{"surface":"уставился","lemma":"уставиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stared"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b9-c7-s25","source":"— О, не произносите имени ее всуе!","translation":"\"Oh, do not take her name in vain!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не произносите","title":"Negated imperfective imperative","body":"«Не произносите» is the negated imperfective imperative — the aspect negation requires for a prohibition. The choice echoes the Slavonic command form «не произноси», lending the line its scriptural ring."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker (exclamation)","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies произносите","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"произносите","lemma":"произносить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"имени","lemma":"имя","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of произносите","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of имени","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"всуе","lemma":"всуе","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies произносите","gloss":"in vain"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b9-c7-s26","source":"Я подлец, что ее вывожу.","translation":"I am a scoundrel to drag her into this.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"подлец","title":"«подлец» — scoundrel, base wretch","body":"«Подлец» is a strong moral insult — a vile, base man; it belongs to the family of «подлость» (baseness) that runs through this whole chapter as Mitya's self-condemnation. He turns it on himself for dragging Katerina's name into the inquiry."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"что ее вывожу","title":"«что» = 'in that', causal subordinator","body":"Here «что» introduces not a fact-clause but a causal/explanatory one — 'a scoundrel in that I drag her in'. «Вывожу» (lit. 'I bring out, expose') is the imperfective present describing the ongoing action he condemns."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of подлец","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"подлец","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"scoundrel"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause explaining подлец","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of вывожу","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"вывожу","lemma":"выводить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"clause explaining подлец","gloss":"drag into this"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b9-c7-s27","source":"Да, я видел, что она меня ненавидела… давно… с самого первого раза, с самого того у меня на квартире еще там… Но довольно, довольно, это вы даже и знать недостойны, это не надо вовсе… А надо лишь то, что она призвала меня месяц назад, выдала мне три тысячи, чтоб отослать своей сестре и еще одной родственнице в Москву (и как будто сама не могла послать!), а я… это было именно в тот роковой час моей жизни, когда я… ну, одним словом, когда я только что полюбил другую, ее, теперешнюю, вон она у вас теперь там внизу сидит, Грушеньку… я схватил ее тогда сюда в Мокрое и прокутил здесь в два дня половину этих проклятых трех тысяч, то есть полторы тысячи, а другую половину удержал на себе.","translation":"Yes, I saw that she hated me... long ago... from the very first time, from that very first time at my lodgings... But enough, enough, you are not even worthy to know it, there is no need for it at all... All that's needed is this: that a month ago she called me to her and handed me three thousand to send to her sister and to another relative in Moscow (as though she couldn't have sent it herself!), and I... it was at the very fateful hour of my life, when I... well, in a word, when I had just fallen in love with another woman, with her, my present one, the one sitting downstairs at your place now, Grushenka... I carried her off then to here, to Mokroe, and in two days squandered half of those accursed three thousand here — that is, fifteen hundred — and kept the other half on myself.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"это вы даже и знать недостойны","title":"Short adjective «недостойны» as predicate","body":"«Недостойны» is the short-form (predicative) adjective 'unworthy', agreeing in plural with «вы» — 'you are not worthy'. The short form, more bookish and absolute, governs the infinitive «знать» (to know): 'unworthy even to know it'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"чтоб отослать своей сестре","title":"Purpose «чтоб» + infinitive; reflexive «свой»","body":"«Чтоб(ы)» with a bare infinitive expresses purpose — 'in order to send'. «Своей сестре» uses the reflexive possessive «свой» (her own), pointing back to Katerina the subject, plus the dative «сестре» as recipient."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"как будто сама не могла послать","title":"«как будто» — as if, parenthetical irony","body":"«Как будто» ('as though') frames Mitya's bitter aside, with «сама» (herself) intensifying the subject — 'as if she couldn't have sent it herself!'. The imperfective «не могла послать» states a denied past ability."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"прокутил","title":"«прокутить» — to squander in carousing","body":"«Прокутить» means to blow money on riotous revelry — drink, women, song. The prefix «про-» conveys 'spending right through' a sum; it recurs through the chapter as the verb for Mitya's two-day debauch."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"response particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of видел","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"видел","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ненавидела","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ненавидела","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of ненавидела","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ненавидела","lemma":"ненавидеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, feminine, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of видел","gloss":"hated"},{"surface":"давно","lemma":"давно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ненавидела","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking раза","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"самого","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies первого","gloss":"the very"},{"surface":"первого","lemma":"первый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies раза","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"раза","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ненавидела","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking того","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"самого","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies того","gloss":"the very"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"elliptical head, coordinated with раза","gloss":"that time"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"possessive complement of квартире","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking квартире","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"квартире","lemma":"квартира","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"locates того","gloss":"lodgings"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies там","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"там","lemma":"там","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies квартире","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"довольно","lemma":"довольно","morphology":"adverb","role":"exclamation, discourse marker","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"довольно","lemma":"довольно","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with довольно","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of знать (fronted)","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of недостойны","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знать","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"intensifies даже","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"знать","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on недостойны","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"недостойны","lemma":"недостойный","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate, main verb of the clause","gloss":"unworthy"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of надо","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate of the clause","gloss":"needed"},{"surface":"вовсе","lemma":"вовсе","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"needed"},{"surface":"лишь","lemma":"лишь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of надо","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces clause modifying то","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of призвала","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"призвала","lemma":"призвать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, feminine, singular, perfective","role":"clause modifying то","gloss":"summoned"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of призвала","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of призвала","gloss":"a month"},{"surface":"назад","lemma":"назад","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"выдала","lemma":"выдать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, feminine, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with призвала","gloss":"handed over"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"мне","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of выдала","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of выдала","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"чтоб","lemma":"чтоб","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of отослать","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"отослать","lemma":"отослать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"purpose clause modifying выдала","gloss":"to send"},{"surface":"своей","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of сестре","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"сестре","lemma":"сестра","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of отослать","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies одной","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"одной","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, dative, feminine, singular","role":"quantifies родственнице","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"родственнице","lemma":"родственница","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with сестре","gloss":"relative"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Москву","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Москву","lemma":"москва","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies отослать","gloss":"Moscow"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom как будто","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"будто","lemma":"будто","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase как","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"сама","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"emphatic subject of могла","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies могла","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"могла","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, feminine, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"послать","lemma":"послать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могла","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of an abandoned clause (anacoluthon)","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of было","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, neuter, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking это to час","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies час","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking час","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"тот","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of час","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"роковой","lemma":"роковой","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies час","gloss":"fateful"},{"surface":"час","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition в, modifies было","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"моей","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of жизни","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"жизни","lemma":"жизнь","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies час","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces relative clause modifying час","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of an abandoned clause (anacoluthon), resumed at полюбил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ну","lemma":"ну","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"одним","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"quantifies словом","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"словом","lemma":"слово","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial idiom 'одним словом', modifies полюбил","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of полюбил","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of полюбил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies полюбил","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase только","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"полюбил","lemma":"полюбить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the когда-clause modifying час","gloss":"fell in love with"},{"surface":"другую","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of полюбил","gloss":"another woman"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with другую","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"теперешнюю","lemma":"теперешний","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with другую","gloss":"the present one"},{"surface":"вон","lemma":"вон","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies сидит","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of сидит","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"oblique complement of сидит","gloss":"your place"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сидит","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"там","lemma":"там","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сидит","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"внизу","lemma":"внизу","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сидит","gloss":"downstairs"},{"surface":"сидит","lemma":"сидеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the relative clause describing ее/теперешнюю","gloss":"is sitting"},{"surface":"Грушеньку","lemma":"грушенька","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"apposition to другую (object of полюбил)","gloss":"Grushenka"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of схватил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"схватил","lemma":"схватить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of схватил","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies схватил","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"сюда","lemma":"сюда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies схватил","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Мокрое","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Мокрое","lemma":"мокрое","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of схватил","gloss":"Mokroye"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"прокутил","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with схватил","gloss":"squandered"},{"surface":"здесь","lemma":"здесь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прокутил","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking дня","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"два","lemma":"два","morphology":"numeral, accusative, masculine","role":"depends on дня","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"дня","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прокутил","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of прокутил","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"этих","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of тысяч","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"проклятых","lemma":"проклятый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies тысяч","gloss":"cursed"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, genitive","role":"quantifies тысяч","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысяч","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"genitive complement of половину","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the idiom то есть","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the idiom то есть","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"fifteen hundred"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"restates половину/тысяч (apposition via то есть)","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"другую","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies половину","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of удержал","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"удержал","lemma":"удержать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with схватил","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking себе","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, locative","role":"oblique complement of удержал","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b9-c7-s28","source":"Ну вот эти полторы тысячи, которые я удержал, я и носил с собой на шее, вместо ладонки, а вчера распечатал и прокутил.","translation":"Well, that fifteen hundred I kept back, that is what I carried about with me on my neck, in place of an amulet, and yesterday I broke it open and drank it away.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"которые я удержал","title":"Relative «который» in the accusative","body":"«Которые» agrees in number/gender with «полторы тысячи» but takes the accusative as object of «удержал» (held back) within its own clause — 'which I kept back'. A clean instance of который declining for its in-clause role."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"распечатал","title":"«распечатать» — to break/open a sealed thing","body":"«Распечатал» (broke it open) literally 'un-sealed', with «рас-» for undoing; it casts the sewn-up packet as something sealed shut, now violated. The act of opening it is itself the 'theft' Mitya keeps confessing to."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ну","lemma":"ну","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker introducing эти полторы тысячи","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of полторы","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"fifteen hundred"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"head of the topicalized phrase","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"которые","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of удержал","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of удержал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"удержал","lemma":"удержать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"relative clause on тысячи","gloss":"kept back"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of носил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes носил","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"носил","lemma":"носить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking собой","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"собой","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental","role":"oblique complement of носил","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шее","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"шее","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of носил","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"вместо","lemma":"вместо","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ладонки","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"ладонки","lemma":"ладонка","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with шее","gloss":"amulet","note":"A small pouch worn round the neck as a charm (usually spelled ладанка)."},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies распечатал","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"распечатал","lemma":"распечатать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with носил","gloss":"broke open"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"прокутил","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with носил","gloss":"squandered"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b9-c7-s29","source":"Сдача в восемьсот рублей у вас теперь в руках, Николай Парфенович, это сдача со вчерашних полутора тысяч.","translation":"The change of eight hundred roubles is in your hands now, Nikolai Parfenovich; that is the change from yesterday's fifteen hundred.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"у вас теперь в руках","title":"«У вас в руках» — 'in your hands' via «у» + genitive","body":"«У вас… в руках» combines «у» + genitive (possession, 'with you') and «в руках» (prepositional, 'in hands') to say the money is now in the magistrate's keeping. The two locative phrases stack idiomatically."}],"words":[{"surface":"Сдача","lemma":"сдача","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of the clause (predicate: в руках)","gloss":"the change"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks the amount восемьсот рублей","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"восемьсот","lemma":"восемьсот","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"quantifies рублей","gloss":"eight hundred"},{"surface":"рублей","lemma":"рубль","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"complement of восемьсот, whole phrase modifies Сдача","gloss":"roubles"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"modifies руках","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies руках","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking руках","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"руках","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"Николай","lemma":"николай","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Nikolai"},{"surface":"Парфенович","lemma":"парфёнович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Николай","gloss":"Parfenovich"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of сдача","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"сдача","lemma":"сдача","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominal (это = сдача)","gloss":"the change"},{"surface":"со","lemma":"со","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тысяч","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"вчерашних","lemma":"вчерашний","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies полутора","gloss":"yesterday's"},{"surface":"полутора","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, genitive, masculine","role":"quantifies тысяч","gloss":"fifteen hundred"},{"surface":"тысяч","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"head noun of the prepositional phrase, modifies сдача","gloss":"thousand"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b9-c7-s30","source":"— Позвольте, как же это, ведь вы прокутили тогда здесь месяц назад три тысячи, а не полторы, все это знают?","translation":"\"Excuse me, how can that be — surely you squandered three thousand here a month ago, not fifteen hundred; everyone knows it?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Позвольте","title":"«позвольте» — 'allow me / excuse me'","body":"«Позвольте» (lit. 'permit') is a polite formula for interrupting or objecting, 'excuse me, allow me'. It opens the magistrate's challenge with formal courtesy even as he presses hard."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"ведь вы прокутили","title":"«ведь» appealing to common knowledge","body":"«Ведь» here invokes what everyone supposedly knows — 'surely you squandered…, didn't you'. It reinforces «все это знают» (everyone knows it) at the clause's end, the particle and the verb together pressing the public version of events."}],"words":[{"surface":"Позвольте","lemma":"позволить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"excuse me"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of exclamatory phrase 'как же это'","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies как","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of exclamatory phrase, modifies как","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies прокутили","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of прокутили","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"прокутили","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"squandered"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прокутили","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"здесь","lemma":"здесь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прокутили","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прокутили","gloss":"a month"},{"surface":"назад","lemma":"назад","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of прокутили","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies полторы","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"coordinated with тысячи","gloss":"fifteen hundred"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of знают","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of знают","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"знают","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b9-c7-s31","source":"— Кто ж это знает?","translation":"\"Who knows it?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Кто ж это знает?","title":"«ж» (reduced «же») in a rhetorical question","body":"«Кто ж это знает?» uses the reduced «ж» for «же», sharpening the rhetorical 'who knows it, really?'. The shortened form is colloquial and emphatic, capturing Mitya's scornful pushback."}],"words":[{"surface":"Кто","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of знает","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ж","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Кто","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of знает","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"знает","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b9-c7-s32","source":"Кто считал?","translation":"Who counted it?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Кто считал?","title":"Imperfective past in a rhetorical challenge","body":"«Считал» is imperfective past — 'who was counting / who counted', framing the act as a process nobody performed. The bare verb-only question (subject «кто», no object) is clipped and combative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Кто","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of считал","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"считал","lemma":"считать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"counted"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b9-c7-s33","source":"Кому я давал считать?","translation":"Whom did I let count it?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Кому я давал считать?","title":"Dative «кому» + imperfective «давал»","body":"«Кому» is the dative of «кто» — 'to whom did I give (leave) to count?'. «Давал» imperfective with the infinitive «считать» asks about a repeated/permitted action: 'whom did I ever let count it?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Кому","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of давал","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of давал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"давал","lemma":"давать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, masculine, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"считать","lemma":"считать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of давал","gloss":"count"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b9-c7-s34","source":"— Помилуйте, да вы сами говорили всем, что прокутили тогда ровно три тысячи.","translation":"\"For pity's sake, but you yourself told everyone that you squandered exactly three thousand at the time.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"вы сами говорили всем","title":"Intensifier «сами» + dative «всем»","body":"«Сами» (yourself) intensifies «вы», and «всем» is the dative of «все» (to everyone) as the indirect recipient of the telling. The imperfective «говорили» frames it as repeated, public speech."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ровно три тысячи","title":"«ровно» — exactly, precisely","body":"«Ровно» (exactly, lit. 'evenly') stresses the precise round figure — 'exactly three thousand'. The exactness is the crux: the discrepancy between three thousand and fifteen hundred is what the whole interrogation turns on."}],"words":[{"surface":"Помилуйте","lemma":"помиловать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"for pity's sake"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of говорили","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"emphasizes вы, subject of говорили","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"говорили","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"всем","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of говорили","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of прокутили","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"прокутили","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"clausal complement of говорили","gloss":"squandered"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прокутили","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ровно","lemma":"ровно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies три","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of прокутили","gloss":"thousand"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b9-c7-s35","source":"— Правда, говорил, всему городу говорил, и весь город говорил, и все так считали, и здесь, в Мокром, так же все считали, что три тысячи.","translation":"\"True, I said so, I said it to the whole town, and the whole town said it, and everyone reckoned it so, and here at Mokroe too everyone reckoned it was three thousand.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"говорил, всему городу говорил, и весь город говорил","title":"Anaphoric repetition with «весь город»","body":"The drumbeat repetition of «говорил» around «всему городу» (dative, 'to the whole town') and «весь город» (nominative subject) turns the rumour into a chorus. «Весь город» as a collective subject takes singular agreement."}],"words":[{"surface":"Правда","lemma":"правда","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical, sets up говорил","gloss":"True"},{"surface":"говорил","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"first in the coordinated series of говорил/considered","gloss":"I said it"},{"surface":"всему","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of городу","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"городу","lemma":"город","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of говорил","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"говорил","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"I said"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"весь","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of город","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"город","lemma":"город","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of говорил","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"говорил","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with the earlier говорил","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"все","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of считали","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies считали","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"считали","lemma":"считать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with говорил","gloss":"reckoned"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"здесь","lemma":"здесь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the second считали","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Мокром","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Мокром","lemma":"Мокрое","morphology":"proper noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with здесь","gloss":"Mokroe"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the second считали","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies так","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"все","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of the second считали","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"считали","lemma":"считать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with the earlier считали","gloss":"reckoned"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of тысячи","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of считали","gloss":"thousand"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b9-c7-s36","source":"Только все-таки я прокутил не три, а полторы тысячи, а другие полторы зашил в ладонку; вот как дело было, господа, вот откуда эти вчерашние деньги…","translation":"Only all the same I squandered not three but fifteen hundred, and the other fifteen hundred I sewed into an amulet; that is how it was, gentlemen, that is where yesterday's money came from...","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не три, а полторы тысячи","title":"Corrective «не… а…»","body":"«Не три, а полторы тысячи» is the corrective pair 'not three but fifteen hundred', where «а» (but rather) substitutes the true figure for the false. This 'не X, а Y' frame is the standard Russian way of replacing one term with another."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"вот как дело было","title":"Presentative «вот» summing up","body":"«Вот как дело было» — 'that is how it was' — uses the deictic particle «вот» to present and conclude. Repeated «вот… вот откуда», it gestures Mitya's account to a close with rhetorical finality."}],"words":[{"surface":"Только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies все-таки","gloss":"Only"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"все-таки","morphology":"particle, part of the idiom все-таки","role":"modifies прокутил","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"таки","lemma":"все-таки","morphology":"particle, part of the idiom все-таки","role":"modifies прокутил","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of прокутил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"прокутил","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"squandered"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies три","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"direct object of прокутил","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"one and a half"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with три as object of прокутил","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"другие","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies полторы","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"subject of зашил (understood: полторы тысячи)","gloss":"one and a half"},{"surface":"зашил","lemma":"зашить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with прокутил","gloss":"sewed"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ладонку","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ладонку","lemma":"ладонка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of зашил","gloss":"amulet","note":"a ладонка is a small pouch worn around the neck, often holding a religious token or money."},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase вот как","gloss":"that is"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of было","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"дело","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of было","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of вот как дело было","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"vocative address","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase вот откуда","gloss":"that is"},{"surface":"откуда","lemma":"откуда","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of деньги","gloss":"where...from"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of деньги","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"вчерашние","lemma":"вчерашний","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies деньги","gloss":"yesterday's"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of the clause introduced by откуда","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b9-c7-s37","source":"— Это почти чудесно… — пролепетал Николай Парфенович.","translation":"\"This is almost miraculous...\" Nikolai Parfenovich stammered.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"почти чудесно","title":"«чудесно» — miraculous, wondrous","body":"«Чудесно» (from «чудо», miracle) means 'miraculous, marvellous'. The magistrate's 'almost miraculous' reaction registers genuine astonishment at the unexpected half-of-the-money story, with a faint religious overtone in a novel saturated by talk of miracles."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of чудесно","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies чудесно","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"чудесно","lemma":"чудесный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate of Это","gloss":"miraculous"},{"surface":"пролепетал","lemma":"пролепетать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"stammered"},{"surface":"Николай","lemma":"Николай","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of пролепетал","gloss":"Nikolai"},{"surface":"Парфенович","lemma":"Парфёнович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Николай","gloss":"Parfenovich"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b9-c7-s38","source":"— Позвольте спросить, — проговорил наконец прокурор, — не объявляли ли вы хоть кому-нибудь об этом обстоятельстве прежде… то есть что полторы эти тысячи оставили тогда же, месяц назад, при себе?","translation":"\"Allow me to ask,\" the prosecutor said at last, \"did you not declare this circumstance to anyone at all beforehand... that is, that you had set this fifteen hundred aside at the time, a month ago, and kept it by you?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не объявляли ли вы хоть кому-нибудь","title":"Interrogative «ли» with «не…ли» softening","body":"«Не объявляли ли вы…» uses the enclitic «ли» to form a polite yes/no question, and the «не…ли» frame softens it into a tentative 'did you not perhaps…'. This is the prosecutor's careful, literary register."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"хоть кому-нибудь","title":"Indefinite «-нибудь»: anyone at all","body":"«Кому-нибудь» (dative) marks a non-specific 'anyone at all', with «-нибудь» signalling 'no matter who'; «хоть» reinforces 'even a single person'. This contrasts with «-то» (a specific but unknown someone) used elsewhere."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"при себе","title":"Reflexive «себя» after «при»","body":"«При себе» (on one's person, by you) uses the reflexive pronoun «себя» in the prepositional after «при», pointing back to the subject 'you'. It is the standard way to say one keeps something on oneself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Позвольте","lemma":"позволить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Allow me"},{"surface":"спросить","lemma":"спросить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of Позвольте","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"проговорил","lemma":"проговорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"наконец","lemma":"наконец","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies проговорил","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of проговорил","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies объявляли","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"объявляли","lemma":"объявлять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the quoted question","gloss":"declare"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"marks объявляли as a yes/no question","gloss":"(question marker)"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of объявляли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"хоть","lemma":"хоть","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies кому-нибудь","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"кому","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of объявляли","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"нибудь","lemma":"нибудь","morphology":"pronoun, dative, indefinite suffix","role":"part of the phrase кому-нибудь","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"об","lemma":"об","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking обстоятельстве","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"этом","lemma":"это","morphology":"determiner, locative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of обстоятельстве","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"обстоятельстве","lemma":"обстоятельство","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of объявляли","gloss":"circumstance"},{"surface":"прежде","lemma":"прежде","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies объявляли","gloss":"beforehand"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of оставили","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"one and a half"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of тысячи","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"subject of оставили","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"оставили","lemma":"оставить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the что-clause","gloss":"had set aside"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies оставили","gloss":"at that time"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies тогда","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the adverbial месяц назад","gloss":"a month"},{"surface":"назад","lemma":"назад","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"при","lemma":"при","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking себе","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, locative","role":"oblique complement of оставили","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b9-c7-s39","source":"— Никому не говорил.","translation":"\"I told no one.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Никому не говорил.","title":"Negative concord: «никому… не»","body":"«Никому не говорил» pairs the negative pronoun «никому» (dative, 'to no one') with the obligatory verbal «не» — Russian's double negation, where both negatives stand for a single meaning 'I told no one'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Никому","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of говорил","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies говорил","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"говорил","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I told"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b9-c7-s40","source":"— Это странно.","translation":"\"That is strange.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of странно","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"странно","lemma":"странный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate of Это","gloss":"strange"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b9-c7-s41","source":"Неужели так-таки совсем никому?","translation":"Did you really tell absolutely no one at all?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Неужели так-таки совсем никому?","title":"«неужели» and the emphatic «так-таки»","body":"«Неужели» expresses incredulous 'is it really possible?'; «так-таки» ('really and truly, after all') doubles down. With «совсем никому» (absolutely no one) the line is a cascade of intensifiers around an elided verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Неужели","lemma":"неужели","morphology":"particle","role":"marks the sentence as an incredulous question","gloss":"Really"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так-таки","morphology":"adverb, part of the idiom так-таки","role":"modifies никому","gloss":"absolutely"},{"surface":"таки","lemma":"так-таки","morphology":"particle, part of the idiom так-таки","role":"modifies никому","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"совсем","lemma":"совсем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies никому","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"никому","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no one"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b9-c7-s42","source":"— Совсем никому.","translation":"\"No one at all.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Совсем","lemma":"совсем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies никому","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"никому","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No one"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b9-c7-s43","source":"Никому и никому.","translation":"No one and no one.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Никому и никому.","title":"Doubled negative pronoun for emphasis","body":"Repeating «никому и никому» ('no one and no one') is pure emphatic insistence — the negative pronoun stands alone, verb elided. The reduplication conveys Mitya's adamant, almost obsessive denial."}],"words":[{"surface":"Никому","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No one"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"никому","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"coordinated with Никому","gloss":"no one"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b9-c7-s44","source":"— Но почему же такое умолчание?","translation":"\"But why such silence?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"умолчание","title":"«умолчание» — deliberate silence, suppression","body":"«Умолчание» is a bookish noun in «-ние» meaning a passing-over in silence, a holding-back of what one might say. The «-ние» nominalization lends the prosecutor's question its formal, probing tone."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"почему же такое умолчание","title":"«же» pressing a 'why'","body":"«Почему же…» adds «же» to 'why', pressing for an explanation — 'but why such silence?'. The verbless nominal question («такое умолчание») is terse and formal."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies умолчание","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies почему","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"такое","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of умолчание","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"умолчание","lemma":"умолчание","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"silence"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b9-c7-s45","source":"Что побудило вас сделать из этого такой секрет?","translation":"What moved you to make such a secret of it?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Что побудило вас сделать из этого такой секрет?","title":"«сделать из X секрет» — to make a secret of X","body":"«Сделать из этого секрет» is the idiom 'to make a secret of it', with «из» + genitive «этого» marking the source material. «Что побудило вас» (what moved you) takes the accusative «вас» as object of the impelling."}],"words":[{"surface":"Что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of побудило","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"побудило","lemma":"побудить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of побудило","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сделать","lemma":"сделать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of побудило","gloss":"to make"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking этого","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"этого","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of сделать","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"такой","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of секрет","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"секрет","lemma":"секрет","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of сделать","gloss":"a secret"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b9-c7-s46","source":"Я объяснюсь точнее: вы объявили нам наконец вашу тайну, по словам вашим столь «позорную», хотя в сущности — то есть, конечно, лишь относительно говоря — этот поступок, то есть именно присвоение чужих трех тысяч рублей, и, без сомнения, лишь временное, — поступок этот, на мой взгляд по крайней мере, есть лишь в высшей степени поступок легкомысленный, но не столь позорный, принимая, кроме того, во внимание и ваш характер… Ну, положим, даже и зазорный в высшей степени поступок, я согласен, но зазорный, всё же не позорный…","translation":"Let me put it more precisely: you have at last declared to us your secret, one so 'shameful' by your own account, though in essence — that is, of course, only relatively speaking — this act, that is, precisely the appropriation of three thousand roubles belonging to another, and, without doubt, only a temporary one — this act, to my mind at least, is only in the highest degree a thoughtless act, but not so shameful, taking into account, besides, your character... Well, granted, even a most disreputable act, I agree, but disreputable all the same, not shameful...","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"объяснюсь точнее","title":"Reflexive «объясниться» + comparative «точнее»","body":"«Объяснюсь» is the perfective future of the reflexive «объясниться» (to make oneself clear). «Точнее» is the comparative 'more precisely', the invariable predicative form in «-ее» — a single word doing the work of 'let me put it more exactly'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"присвоение чужих трех тысяч рублей","title":"Nominalized act: «присвоение» + genitive chain","body":"«Присвоение чужих трёх тысяч рублей» ('the appropriation of three thousand roubles belonging to another') stacks genitives: the «-ние» noun governs «трёх тысяч», which governs «рублей». «Чужих» (someone else's) underlines the theft. The dense nominal style is the prosecutor's lawyerly register."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"зазорный… позорный","title":"«зазорный» vs «позорный» — disreputable vs disgraceful","body":"The prosecutor splits hairs between «зазорный» (unseemly, mildly disreputable) and «позорный» (shameful, disgraceful) — a finer gradation of shame. The near-rhyme and the legalistic distinction set up the moral argument Mitya rejects."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"в высшей степени","title":"«в высшей степени» — superlative phrase","body":"«В высшей степени» ('in the highest degree') uses the superlative adjective «высший» in a fixed adverbial phrase to mean 'extremely'. It is bookish and emphatic, marking the prosecutor's measured rhetorical escalation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of объяснюсь","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"объяснюсь","lemma":"объясниться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, first, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will explain myself"},{"surface":"точнее","lemma":"точнее","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies объяснюсь","gloss":"more precisely"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of объявили","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"объявили","lemma":"объявить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"parallel clause to объяснюсь","gloss":"have declared"},{"surface":"нам","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of объявили","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"наконец","lemma":"наконец","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies объявили","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"вашу","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of тайну","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"тайну","lemma":"тайна","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of объявили","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking словам","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"словам","lemma":"слово","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement, modifies позорную","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"вашим","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"modifies словам","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"столь","lemma":"столь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies позорную","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"позорную","lemma":"позорный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies тайну","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"хотя","lemma":"хотя","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the хотя-clause","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking сущности","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"сущности","lemma":"сущность","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement, sets up the хотя-clause","gloss":"essence"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"конечно","lemma":"конечно","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical, modifies говоря","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"лишь","lemma":"лишь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies относительно","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"относительно","lemma":"относительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies говоря","gloss":"relatively"},{"surface":"говоря","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"parenthetical converb (относительно говоря)","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of поступок","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"поступок","lemma":"поступок","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"restates the topic, in apposition with присвоение","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies присвоение","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"присвоение","lemma":"присвоение","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to поступок","gloss":"appropriation"},{"surface":"чужих","lemma":"чужой","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies рублей","gloss":"another's"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, genitive","role":"quantifies тысяч","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысяч","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"quantifies рублей","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"рублей","lemma":"рубль","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"modifies присвоение","gloss":"roubles"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"без","lemma":"без","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking сомнения","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"сомнения","lemma":"сомнение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement, modifies временное","gloss":"doubt"},{"surface":"лишь","lemma":"лишь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies временное","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"временное","lemma":"временный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate, describes присвоение","gloss":"temporary"},{"surface":"поступок","lemma":"поступок","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of есть","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of поступок","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking взгляд","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"мой","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of взгляд","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"взгляд","lemma":"взгляд","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"parenthetical, modifies есть","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom по крайней мере","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"крайней","lemma":"крайний","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom по крайней мере","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"мере","lemma":"мера","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom по крайней мере","gloss":"least"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the поступок этот clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"лишь","lemma":"лишь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies степени","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking степени","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"высшей","lemma":"высокий","morphology":"adjective, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies степени","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"степени","lemma":"степень","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of есть","gloss":"degree"},{"surface":"поступок","lemma":"поступок","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun of есть","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"легкомысленный","lemma":"легкомысленный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies поступок","gloss":"thoughtless"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies столь","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"столь","lemma":"столь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies позорный","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"позорный","lemma":"позорный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with легкомысленный","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"принимая","lemma":"принимать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on есть","gloss":"taking into account"},{"surface":"кроме","lemma":"кроме","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking того","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of принимая","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"во","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking внимание","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"внимание","lemma":"внимание","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of принимая","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies характер","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ваш","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of характер","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"характер","lemma":"характер","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"second direct object of принимая... во внимание","gloss":"character"},{"surface":"Ну","lemma":"ну","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker introducing the new clause","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"положим","lemma":"положим","morphology":"particle, parenthetical (from класть/положить)","role":"parenthetical, concedes a point","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies зазорный","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies зазорный","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"зазорный","lemma":"зазорный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies поступок","gloss":"disreputable"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking степени","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"высшей","lemma":"высокий","morphology":"adjective, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies степени","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"степени","lemma":"степень","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of зазорный","gloss":"degree"},{"surface":"поступок","lemma":"поступок","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of согласен","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"согласен","lemma":"согласный","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of я","gloss":"agree"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"зазорный","lemma":"зазорный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate, understood поступок","gloss":"disreputable"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"particle, part of the idiom всё же","role":"modifies же","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle, part of the idiom всё же","role":"modifies зазорный","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies позорный","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"позорный","lemma":"позорный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with зазорный","gloss":"shameful"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b9-c7-s47","source":"То есть я веду, собственно, к тому, что про растраченные вами эти три тысячи от госпожи Верховцевой уже многие догадывались в этот месяц и без вашего признания, я слышал эту легенду сам… Михаил Макарович, например, тоже слышал.","translation":"That is, what I am really driving at is this: that as to those three thousand you spent of Madame Verkhovtseva's, many people had already guessed it in the course of this month even without your confession; I heard the legend myself... Mikhail Makarovich, for instance, heard it too.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"про растраченные вами эти три тысячи","title":"Past passive participle «растраченные» + instrumental agent","body":"«Растраченные вами» is the past passive participle of «растратить» (to spend/squander) with the instrumental «вами» as agent — 'the three thousand spent by you'. «Про» + accusative marks the topic, 'as regards'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"легенду","title":"«легенда» — here, a rumour/tale","body":"«Легенда» here means not a legend in the heroic sense but a current story or rumour going around town — the prosecutor wryly calls the gossip about Mitya 'this legend' before downgrading it to «сплетня» (gossip) in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"То","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase То есть","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase То есть","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of веду","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"веду","lemma":"вести","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am driving"},{"surface":"собственно","lemma":"собственно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies веду","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тому","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"тому","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of веду","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of догадывались","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"про","lemma":"про","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тысячи","gloss":"as to"},{"surface":"растраченные","lemma":"растратить","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, plural, accusative, perfective","role":"modifies тысячи","gloss":"spent"},{"surface":"вами","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"agent of растраченные","gloss":"by you"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of три","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of про","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking госпожи","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"госпожи","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies тысячи","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Верховцевой","lemma":"Верховцева","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожи","gloss":"Verkhovtseva"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies догадывались","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"многие","lemma":"многие","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of догадывались","gloss":"many people"},{"surface":"догадывались","lemma":"догадываться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the что-clause","gloss":"had guessed"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking месяц","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of месяц","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of догадывались","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies без вашего признания","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"без","lemma":"без","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking признания","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"вашего","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of признания","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"признания","lemma":"признание","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of догадывались","gloss":"confession"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of слышал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"слышал","lemma":"слышать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of легенду","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"легенду","lemma":"легенда","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of слышал","gloss":"legend"},{"surface":"сам","lemma":"сам","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies я","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"Михаил","lemma":"Михаил","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of слышал","gloss":"Mikhail"},{"surface":"Макарович","lemma":"Макарович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Михаил","gloss":"Makarovich"},{"surface":"например","lemma":"например","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical, modifies слышал","gloss":"for instance"},{"surface":"тоже","lemma":"тоже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies слышал","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"слышал","lemma":"слышать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the third clause","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b9-c7-s48","source":"Так что, наконец, это почти уже не легенда, а сплетня всего города.","translation":"So that, in the end, it is almost no longer a legend, but the gossip of the whole town.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"сплетня","title":"«сплетня» — gossip, idle tale-bearing","body":"«Сплетня» is malicious town gossip; «сплетня всего города» (the gossip of the whole town) ranks it below even a «легенда». The genitive «всего города» pins it to the whole community's chatter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Так что","gloss":"So"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Так что","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"наконец","lemma":"наконец","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical, modifies легенда","gloss":"in the end"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of легенда","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies уже не","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies легенда, part of уже не","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies легенда","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"легенда","lemma":"легенда","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of это","gloss":"a legend"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"сплетня","lemma":"сплетня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with легенда","gloss":"gossip"},{"surface":"всего","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of города","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"города","lemma":"город","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies сплетня","gloss":"town"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b9-c7-s49","source":"К тому же есть следы, что и вы сами, если не ошибаюсь, кому-то признавались в этом, то есть именно что деньги эти от госпожи Верховцевой… А потому и удивляет меня слишком, что вы придавали до сих пор, то есть до самой настоящей минуты, такую необычайную тайну этим отложенным, по вашим словам, полутора тысячам, сопрягая с вашею тайной этою какой-то даже ужас…","translation":"Besides, there are signs that you yourself, if I am not mistaken, confessed it to someone — that is, precisely that this money was Madame Verkhovtseva's... And that is why it surprises me all the more that until now, that is, until this very minute, you have attached such extraordinary secrecy to that fifteen hundred you set aside, by your own account, coupling with this secret of yours a kind of horror even...","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"если не ошибаюсь","title":"Reflexive «ошибаться» in a parenthetical hedge","body":"«Если не ошибаюсь» (if I am not mistaken) is a polite parenthetical, with the reflexive «ошибаться» (to be mistaken) in the imperfective present. It hedges the prosecutor's claim with lawyerly caution."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"сопрягая с вашею тайной","title":"Imperfective gerund «сопрягая»; archaic «-ою» instrumental","body":"«Сопрягая» is the present (imperfective) gerund — 'coupling, joining' — an attendant action sharing the subject 'you'. Note «вашею тайной»: «-ею» is the bookish/poetic 19th-century instrumental ending for «-ой», marking the elevated written register."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"удивляет меня","title":"Subjectless 'it surprises me' with accusative experiencer","body":"«Удивляет меня» ('it surprises me') puts the experiencer «меня» in the accusative as object, the cause as subject. This experiencer-centred framing — the feeling happening to a person — is everywhere in the novel's psychology."}],"words":[{"surface":"К","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom \"к тому же\" (besides)","gloss":"besides","note":"\"к тому же\" is a fixed phrase meaning \"besides, moreover\""},{"surface":"тому","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the idiom \"к тому же\"","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the idiom \"к тому же\"","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"existential main verb (\"there are\")","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"следы","lemma":"след","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of есть","gloss":"signs"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of признавались","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вы","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of признавались","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"emphasizes вы","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ошибаюсь","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ошибаюсь","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ошибаюсь","lemma":"ошибаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, first, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause (if I am not mistaken)","gloss":"am mistaken"},{"surface":"кому","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of признавались (part of кому-то)","gloss":"to someone"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"enclitic particle","role":"part of the indefinite pronoun кому-то","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"признавались","lemma":"признаваться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the что-clause","gloss":"confessed"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking этом","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"этом","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of признавались","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase \"то есть\" (that is)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase \"то есть\"","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the appositive clause (деньги эти...)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of the appositive clause","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of деньги","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking госпожи","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"госпожи","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition от","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Верховцевой","lemma":"Верховцева","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпожи","gloss":"Verkhovtseva's"},{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase \"потому и\" (that is why), modifies удивляет","gloss":"that is why"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase \"потому и\"","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"удивляет","lemma":"удивлять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"surprises"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of удивляет","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"слишком","lemma":"слишком","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies удивляет","gloss":"all the more"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of придавали","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of придавали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"придавали","lemma":"придавать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of удивляет","gloss":"have attached"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase \"до сих пор\" (until now)","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"сих","lemma":"сей","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"part of the phrase \"до сих пор\"","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"пор","lemma":"пора","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"part of the phrase \"до сих пор\"","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase \"то есть\" (that is)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase \"то есть\"","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking минуты","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"самой","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"intensifies настоящей","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"настоящей","lemma":"настоящий","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies минуты","gloss":"present"},{"surface":"минуты","lemma":"минута","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition до","gloss":"minute"},{"surface":"такую","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of тайну","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"необычайную","lemma":"необычайный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies тайну","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"тайну","lemma":"тайна","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of придавали","gloss":"secrecy"},{"surface":"этим","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"determiner of тысячам","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"отложенным","lemma":"отложенный","morphology":"participle, dative, plural, perfective","role":"modifies тысячам","gloss":"set-aside"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking словам","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"вашим","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"determiner of словам","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"словам","lemma":"слово","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"object of preposition по (parenthetical: by your own account)","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"полутора","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, dative","role":"quantifies тысячам","gloss":"fifteen-hundred"},{"surface":"тысячам","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"indirect object of придавали","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"сопрягая","lemma":"сопрягать","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on придавали","gloss":"coupling"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тайной","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"вашею","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of тайной","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"тайной","lemma":"тайна","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition с","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"этою","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of тайной","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"какой","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the indefinite pronoun какой-то","gloss":"some kind of"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"enclitic particle","role":"part of the indefinite pronoun какой-то","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ужас","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ужас","lemma":"ужас","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of сопрягая","gloss":"horror"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b9-c7-s50","source":"Невероятно, чтобы подобная тайна могла стоить вам стольких мучений к признанию… потому что вы кричали сейчас даже, что лучше на каторгу, чем признаться…","translation":"It is incredible that such a secret could cost you such torments to confess... seeing that you were even shouting just now that you would rather go to the convict camps than confess it...","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Невероятно, чтобы подобная тайна могла стоить","title":"«невероятно, чтобы» + irrealis past","body":"An impersonal predicate «невероятно» ('it is incredible') governs a «чтобы»-clause whose verb must be in the irrealis past form «могла» — 'incredible that such a secret could…'. «Чтобы» after a clause of (un)likelihood demands this hypothetical past, not a plain «что»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"лучше на каторгу, чем признаться","title":"Comparative «лучше… чем» — 'rather… than'","body":"«Лучше… чем» is the comparative construction 'better/rather X than Y', with «лучше» the suppletive comparative of «хороший». It weighs going to penal servitude against confessing — the perfective infinitive «признаться» naming the act he dreads."}],"words":[{"surface":"Невероятно","lemma":"невероятный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate head of the sentence","gloss":"incredible"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of могла","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"подобная","lemma":"подобный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies тайна","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"тайна","lemma":"тайна","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of могла","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"могла","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of Невероятно","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"стоить","lemma":"стоить","morphology":"verb, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of могла","gloss":"cost"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of стоить","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"стольких","lemma":"столький","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies мучений","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"мучений","lemma":"мучение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of стоить","gloss":"torments"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking признанию","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"признанию","lemma":"признание","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition к, modifies мучений","gloss":"confessing"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase \"потому что\" (because), introduces the clause of кричали","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase \"потому что\"","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of кричали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"кричали","lemma":"кричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were shouting"},{"surface":"сейчас","lemma":"сейчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies кричали","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies кричали","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of лучше","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"лучше","lemma":"хороший","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate of the что-clause","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking каторгу","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"каторгу","lemma":"каторга","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition на","gloss":"penal servitude"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"чем","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of признаться","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"признаться","lemma":"признаться","morphology":"verb, infinitive, middle, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on лучше","gloss":"confess"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b9-c7-s51","source":"Прокурор замолк.","translation":"The prosecutor fell silent.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Прокурор замолк.","title":"Inceptive «за-»: «замолчать/замолкнуть»","body":"«Замолк» (fell silent) is perfective, its prefix «за-» marking the inception of a state — the moment of falling into silence rather than the silence itself. Russian uses «за-» often for such 'began-to / suddenly' verbs."}],"words":[{"surface":"Прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of замолк","gloss":"The prosecutor"},{"surface":"замолк","lemma":"замолкнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell silent"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b9-c7-s52","source":"Он разгорячился.","translation":"He had grown heated.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Он разгорячился.","title":"Reflexive «разгорячиться» — to grow heated","body":"«Разгорячился» is a perfective «-ся» verb of change-of-state, 'he grew heated/worked up'; the «-ся» here makes the verb intransitive and middle. The «раз-» prefix conveys the building-up of the heat."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of разгорячился","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"разгорячился","lemma":"разгорячиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had grown heated"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b9-c7-s53","source":"Он не скрывал своей досады, почти злобы, и выложил всё накопившееся, даже не заботясь о красоте слога, то есть бессвязно и почти сбивчиво.","translation":"He made no effort to hide his vexation, almost his spite, and poured out everything that had accumulated, not even troubling about elegance of style — that is, disjointedly and almost incoherently.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не заботясь о красоте слога","title":"Negated imperfective gerund «не заботясь»","body":"«Не заботясь» is the present gerund of the reflexive «заботиться» (to care about), negated — 'not troubling about'. It governs «о красоте» in the prepositional after «о» (about). The gerund pins this attendant non-action to the main verb «выложил»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"слога","title":"«слог» — literary style, diction","body":"«Слог» (here genitive «слога») means literary style or manner of expression — 'elegance of style'. «Красота слога» is a phrase from the world of rhetoric and belles-lettres; the narrator notes the prosecutor abandoning it in his vexation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of скрывал","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies скрывал","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"скрывал","lemma":"скрывать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hid"},{"surface":"своей","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of досады","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"досады","lemma":"досада","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of скрывал","gloss":"vexation"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies злобы","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"злобы","lemma":"злоба","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with досады","gloss":"spite"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"выложил","lemma":"выложить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with скрывал","gloss":"poured out"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of накопившееся","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"накопившееся","lemma":"накопившийся","morphology":"participle, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of выложил","gloss":"that had accumulated"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies заботясь","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies заботясь","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"заботясь","lemma":"заботиться","morphology":"verb, present, middle, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on выложил","gloss":"troubling himself"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking красоте","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"красоте","lemma":"красота","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition о","gloss":"elegance"},{"surface":"слога","lemma":"слог","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies красоте","gloss":"of style"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase \"то есть\" (that is)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase \"то есть\"","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"бессвязно","lemma":"бессвязно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies выложил (manner, via то есть)","gloss":"disjointedly"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сбивчиво","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"сбивчиво","lemma":"сбивчиво","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with бессвязно","gloss":"incoherently"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b9-c7-s54","source":"— Не в полутора тысячах заключался позор, а в том, что эти полторы тысячи я отделил от тех трех тысяч, — твердо произнес Митя.","translation":"\"The disgrace did not lie in the fifteen hundred, but in the fact that I set this fifteen hundred apart from those three thousand,\" Mitya pronounced firmly.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Не в полутора тысячах заключался позор, а в том, что…","title":"Cleft contrast «не в X, а в том, что…»","body":"Mitya recasts the matter with a cleft: 'the disgrace lay not in the fifteen hundred, but in the fact that…'. «В полутора тысячах» is prepositional after «в»; «а в том, что» introduces the real locus with the correlative «то» + «что»-clause. The fronted negation throws full weight on the correction."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"полутора тысячах","title":"Oblique declension of «полторы»","body":"«Полутора» is the oblique-case form of «полтора/полторы» (one and a half), here prepositional with «тысячах» — a reminder that even this 'half' numeral declines through the cases when a preposition governs the phrase."}],"words":[{"surface":"Не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies заключался","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тысячах","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"полутора","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, locative","role":"quantifies тысячах","gloss":"fifteen-hundred"},{"surface":"тысячах","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"object of preposition в","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"заключался","lemma":"заключаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"позор","lemma":"позор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of заключался","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking том","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"том","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with тысячах, referring forward to the что-clause","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of отделил","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of полторы","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"fifteen-hundred"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of отделил","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of отделил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"отделил","lemma":"отделить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"verb of the что-clause, explains том","gloss":"set apart"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тысяч","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"тех","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of трех","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, genitive","role":"quantifies тысяч","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысяч","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"object of preposition от","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"твердо","lemma":"твердо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies произнес","gloss":"firmly"},{"surface":"произнес","lemma":"произнести","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the quotative frame","gloss":"pronounced"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of произнес","gloss":"Mitya"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b9-c7-s55","source":"— Но что же, — раздражительно усмехнулся прокурор, — что именно в том позорного, что уже от взятых зазорно, или, если сами желаете, то и позорно, трех тысяч вы отделили половину по своему усмотрению?","translation":"\"But what of it,\" the prosecutor smiled irritably, \"what exactly is shameful in your having, at your own discretion, set apart half of three thousand already taken disreputably — or, if you like to say so yourself, shamefully?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"раздражительно усмехнулся","title":"Perfective «-ся» «усмехнуться» + adverb","body":"«Усмехнулся» is the perfective of «усмехнуться» (to give a sardonic smile/smirk), a «-ся» verb naming a single momentary expression. «Раздражительно» (irritably) colours the smirk with the prosecutor's rising annoyance."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"от взятых зазорно… трех тысяч","title":"Past passive participle «взятых» as adjective","body":"«Взятых» is the past passive participle of «взять» (to take), declined in the genitive plural to modify «трёх тысяч» after «от» — 'of the three thousand taken disreputably'. The adverb «зазорно' sits inside the participial phrase."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"по своему усмотрению","title":"«по своему усмотрению» — at one's own discretion","body":"The set phrase «по своему усмотрению» (at one's own discretion) uses «по» + dative «усмотрению» and the reflexive possessive «свой», pointing back to the subject 'you'. It is a fixed, slightly formal idiom."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase \"что же\" (what of it)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"раздражительно","lemma":"раздражительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies усмехнулся","gloss":"irritably"},{"surface":"усмехнулся","lemma":"усмехнуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"smiled wryly"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of усмехнулся","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"interrogative head, resumed by позорного","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies позорного","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking том","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"том","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition в, refers forward to the что-clause below","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"позорного","lemma":"позорный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of что","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause explaining том","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies взятых","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тысяч","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"взятых","lemma":"взять","morphology":"participle, past, passive, genitive, plural, perfective","role":"modifies тысяч","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"зазорно","lemma":"зазорно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies взятых","gloss":"disreputably"},{"surface":"или","lemma":"или","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of желаете","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"emphasizes вы (understood)","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"желаете","lemma":"желать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"conditional clause modifying то и позорно","gloss":"prefer to say"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"correlative of если (then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies позорно","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"позорно","lemma":"позорный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with зазорно, alternative characterization","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, genitive","role":"quantifies тысяч","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысяч","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"object of preposition от, source complement of отделили (\"set apart half FROM three thousand\")","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of отделили","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"отделили","lemma":"отделить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"verb of the что-clause modifying том","gloss":"set apart"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of отделили","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking усмотрению","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"своему","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of усмотрению","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"усмотрению","lemma":"усмотрение","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial complement of отделили (manner)","gloss":"discretion"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b9-c7-s56","source":"Важнее то, что вы три тысячи присвоили, а не то, как с ними распорядились.","translation":"What matters is that you appropriated the three thousand, not how you disposed of it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Важнее то, что… а не то, как…","title":"Comparative «важнее» with correlative «то, что / то, как»","body":"«Важнее» (more important) is the predicative comparative; it heads a contrast between «то, что вы… присвоили» (the fact that you appropriated) and «то, как… распорядились» (how you disposed of it). The correlative «то» + clause is a classic Russian way to nominalize a whole proposition."}],"words":[{"surface":"Важнее","lemma":"важный","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicate head of the sentence","gloss":"more important"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Важнее","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of присвоили","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of присвоили","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of присвоили","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"присвоили","lemma":"присвоить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"relative clause explaining то","gloss":"appropriated"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with the first то (contrastive)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies распорядились","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ними","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ними","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"object of preposition с","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"распорядились","lemma":"распорядиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"relative clause on the second то","gloss":"disposed of it"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b9-c7-s57","source":"Кстати, почему вы именно так распорядились, то есть отделили эту половину?","translation":"By the way, why did you dispose of it precisely so — that is, set this half aside?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Кстати","title":"«кстати» — by the way, incidentally","body":"«Кстати» (lit. 'to the point / opportunely') functions as a discourse marker, 'by the way'. The prosecutor uses it to pivot to a fresh, pointed question about the motive for setting the money aside."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"распорядились","title":"«распорядиться» — to dispose of, give orders about","body":"«Распорядиться» (here perfective past, reflexive in form) means to dispose of or deal with something, to make arrangements. The prosecutor's word casts Mitya's hiding of the money as a deliberate, managed decision."}],"words":[{"surface":"Кстати","lemma":"кстати","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical (by the way)","gloss":"by the way"},{"surface":"почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies распорядились","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of распорядились","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies так","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies распорядились","gloss":"in this way"},{"surface":"распорядились","lemma":"распорядиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"disposed of it"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase \"то есть\" (that is)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase \"то есть\"","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"отделили","lemma":"отделить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"parallel clause to распорядились (via то есть)","gloss":"set apart"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of половину","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of отделили","gloss":"half"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b9-c7-s58","source":"Для чего, для какой цели так сделали, можете это нам объяснить?","translation":"For what purpose, to what end did you do it — can you explain that to us?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Для чего, для какой цели","title":"«для» + genitive of purpose","body":"«Для чего» and «для какой цели» both use «для» + genitive to ask 'for what / to what purpose'. «Какой цели» shows the interrogative adjective «какой» agreeing with «цель» in the genitive, doubling the question for emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"Для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чего","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition для","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking цели","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"какой","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of цели","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"цели","lemma":"цель","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition для","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сделали","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"сделали","lemma":"сделать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"можете","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of объяснить","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"нам","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of объяснить","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"объяснить","lemma":"объяснить","morphology":"verb, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of можете","gloss":"explain"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b9-c7-s59","source":"— О господа, да в цели-то и вся сила! — воскликнул Митя. — Отделил по подлости, то есть по расчету, ибо расчет в этом случае и есть подлость… И целый месяц продолжалась эта подлость!","translation":"\"Oh gentlemen, but it is in the purpose that the whole crux lies!\" exclaimed Mitya. \"I set it aside out of baseness — that is, out of calculation, for calculation in this case is itself baseness... And this baseness went on for a whole month!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"да в цели-то и вся сила","title":"Emphatic clitic «-то» and «вся сила»","body":"The hyphenated «-то» on «в цели-то» emphasises the known topic — 'it's precisely in the purpose…'. «Вся сила» (lit. 'the whole force/strength') is idiomatic for 'the whole crux, the heart of it'. The added «и» reinforces the focus."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"по подлости… по расчету","title":"«подлость» and «расчёт» — baseness and calculation","body":"Mitya equates «подлость» (baseness, vileness) with «расчёт» (cold calculation, self-interest): «по подлости» / «по расчёту», both «по» + dative meaning 'out of'. For him the calculating prudence of keeping back half the money is itself the moral baseness."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"ибо расчет… и есть подлость","title":"Archaic causal «ибо» and emphatic «и есть»","body":"«Ибо» is the bookish, elevated 'for, because', far more literary than «потому что» — Scripture-flavoured in tone. «И есть» is an emphatic identifying copula: 'calculation is precisely baseness'. Together they give Mitya's outburst a sudden sermon-like gravity."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation before господа","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"vocative address","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking цели","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"цели","lemma":"цель","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition в","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic particle attached to цели (\"цели-то\")","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вся","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of сила","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"сила","lemma":"сила","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate (the crux/matter lies here)","gloss":"crux"},{"surface":"воскликнул","lemma":"воскликнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the quotative frame","gloss":"exclaimed"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of воскликнул","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"Отделил","lemma":"отделить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I set apart"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking подлости","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"подлости","lemma":"подлость","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition по","gloss":"baseness"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase \"то есть\" (that is)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase \"то есть\"","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking расчету","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"расчету","lemma":"расчёт","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition по","gloss":"calculation"},{"surface":"ибо","lemma":"ибо","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of есть","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"расчет","lemma":"расчёт","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of есть","gloss":"calculation"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking случае","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"этом","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, locative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of случае","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"случае","lemma":"случай","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial modifier of есть (in this case)","gloss":"case"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies есть","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"verb of the ибо-clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"подлость","lemma":"подлость","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of есть","gloss":"baseness"},{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"целый","lemma":"целый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial modifier of продолжалась (duration)","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"продолжалась","lemma":"продолжаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"эта","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of подлость","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"подлость","lemma":"подлость","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of продолжалась","gloss":"baseness"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b9-c7-s60","source":"— Непонятно.","translation":"\"It is incomprehensible.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Непонятно.","title":"One-word impersonal predicate","body":"«Непонятно» ('it is incomprehensible') is a neuter predicative adverb standing as a complete subjectless sentence. Russian readily makes such impersonal one-word judgements, with no 'it' and no copula — the prosecutor's curt verdict on Mitya's logic."}],"words":[{"surface":"Непонятно","lemma":"непонятный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate head of the sentence","gloss":"incomprehensible"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b9-c7-s61","source":"— Удивляюсь вам.","translation":"\"You amaze me.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Удивляюсь вам","title":"«-ся» verb governing the dative","body":"«Удивляться» is a reflexive («-ся») verb whose object stands in the dative, not the accusative: «удивляюсь вам» = 'I marvel at you'. The reflexive marks the middle, emotion-turned-inward sense, and the dative «вам» names the source of the wonder."}],"words":[{"surface":"Удивляюсь","lemma":"удивляться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I am amazed"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"oblique complement of Удивляюсь","gloss":"at you"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b9-c7-s62","source":"А впрочем, объяснюсь еще, действительно, может быть, непонятно.","translation":"But there, I'll explain further — really, perhaps it is incomprehensible.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"объяснюсь","title":"Perfective present = future","body":"«Объяснюсь» is a perfective verb conjugated like a present, which is why it reads as a future intention: 'I will explain myself.' The «-ся» here is the middle/reflexive 'explain on my own part'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"впрочем","title":"«впрочем» — the self-interrupting hinge","body":"«А впрочем» ('but then again', 'however') is a discourse word that breaks off one thought to start another, a verbal tic of Mitya's racing mind. It signals a self-correction rather than a real adversative."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"впрочем","lemma":"впрочем","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical (however)","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"объяснюсь","lemma":"объясниться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, first, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I will explain"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies объяснюсь","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"действительно","lemma":"действительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical, modifies непонятно","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase \"может быть\" (perhaps)","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, infinitive, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase \"может быть\"","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"непонятно","lemma":"непонятный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate head of the clause","gloss":"incomprehensible"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b9-c7-s63","source":"Видите, следите за мной: я присвояю три тысячи, вверенные моей чести, кучу на них, прокутил все, наутро являюсь к ней и говорю: «Катя, виноват, я прокутил твои три тысячи», — ну что, хорошо?","translation":"You see, follow me: I appropriate three thousand entrusted to my honour, I carouse them away, I squander it all, and the next morning I present myself to her and say: 'Katya, I am guilty, I have squandered your three thousand' — well, is that good?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"присвояю","title":"«присвоять» — to appropriate","body":"«Присвоять/присвоить» means to take something as one's own that belongs to another — the precise legal-moral word for embezzlement that hovers over this whole scene. «Присвояю» is an older imperfective form of the more modern «присваиваю»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"вверенные моей чести","title":"Past passive participle + dative","body":"«Вверенные» is the past passive participle of «вверить» ('to entrust'), declined to agree with «три тысячи», condensing a whole relative clause ('which had been entrusted') into one word. «Моей чести» is the dative of the person/thing entrusted to."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"прокутил","title":"«прокутить» — to carouse away","body":"The prefix «про-» here means 'squander away through revelry'; «кутить» is to go on a spree, to carouse. «Прокутил» thus packs both the drinking and the financial ruin into a single perfective verb — the leitmotif of Mitya's confession."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"виноват","title":"Short-form adjective as predicate","body":"«Виноват» is the short (predicative) form of «виноватый» ('guilty, at fault'). Short adjectives can only predicate, never modify, and carry the bookish, absolute ring of a confession: 'I am guilty.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Видите","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"You see"},{"surface":"следите","lemma":"следить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with Видите","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мной","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"мной","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, singular","role":"object of preposition за","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of присвояю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"присвояю","lemma":"присвоять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"first verb of the narrated sequence","gloss":"I appropriate"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of присвояю","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"вверенные","lemma":"вверенный","morphology":"participle, past, passive, nominative, plural, perfective","role":"modifies тысячи","gloss":"entrusted"},{"surface":"моей","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of чести","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"чести","lemma":"честь","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of вверенные","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"кучу","lemma":"кутить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"second verb of the narrated sequence, coordinated with присвояю","gloss":"I carouse them away"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking них","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"них","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"object of preposition на","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"прокутил","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"third verb of the narrated sequence, coordinated with присвояю","gloss":"I squandered"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of прокутил","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"наутро","lemma":"наутро","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies являюсь","gloss":"the next morning"},{"surface":"являюсь","lemma":"являться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with присвояю","gloss":"I present myself"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition к","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"говорю","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with присвояю","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"Катя","lemma":"Катя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address (direct speech)","gloss":"Katya"},{"surface":"виноват","lemma":"виноватый","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate in direct speech (I am guilty)","gloss":"I am guilty"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of прокутил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"прокутил","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the quoted sentence","gloss":"squandered"},{"surface":"твои","lemma":"твой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of тысячи","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of прокутил","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"ну","lemma":"ну","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"discourse filler in the rhetorical question","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"хорошо","lemma":"хороший","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate of the rhetorical question","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b9-c7-s64","source":"Нет, нехорошо — бесчестно и малодушно, зверь и до зверства не умеющий сдержать себя человек, так ли, так ли?","translation":"No, it isn't good — it is dishonourable and cowardly, a beast, a man who cannot restrain himself short of bestiality — isn't that so, isn't it?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"нехорошо — бесчестно и малодушно","title":"Neuter short forms as impersonal verdicts","body":"«Нехорошо», «бесчестно», «малодушно» are neuter short-form adjectives used impersonally — 'it is not good, dishonourable, faint-hearted' — with no subject at all. This impersonal, evaluative neuter is Russian's natural way to pass moral judgement on a situation."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"малодушно","title":"«малодушие» — smallness of soul","body":"Literally 'small-souled-ness' (мало + душа), «малодушный» means cowardly, faint-hearted, weak of will. The compound carries a moral weight English 'cowardly' barely touches — a failure of the soul itself, central to Mitya's self-reproach."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не умеющий сдержать себя","title":"Present active participle phrase","body":"«Не умеющий сдержать себя» ('not able to restrain himself') is a present active participle in «-ющий» modifying «человек», a bookish substitute for a «который»-clause. «Себя» is the reflexive pronoun, object of «сдержать»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"так ли, так ли?","title":"Interrogative particle «ли»","body":"«Так ли?» = 'Is that so?' The enclitic «ли», following the focused word «так», turns a statement into a yes/no question — more insistent and literary than mere rising intonation. Its doubling marks Mitya's feverish pleading."}],"words":[{"surface":"Нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker (No)","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"нехорошо","lemma":"нехорошо","morphology":"adverb, predicative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"isn't good"},{"surface":"бесчестно","lemma":"бесчестно","morphology":"adverb, predicative","role":"coordinated with нехорошо","gloss":"dishonourable"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"малодушно","lemma":"малодушно","morphology":"adverb, predicative","role":"coordinated with бесчестно","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"зверь","lemma":"зверь","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with бесчестно, in apposition","gloss":"a beast"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking зверства","gloss":"to the point of"},{"surface":"зверства","lemma":"зверство","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition до","gloss":"bestiality"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies умеющий","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"умеющий","lemma":"уметь","morphology":"verb, present, active, participle, masculine, singular, nominative, imperfective","role":"modifies человек","gloss":"unable"},{"surface":"сдержать","lemma":"сдержать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of умеющий","gloss":"to restrain"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of сдержать","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"человек","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with зверь, in apposition","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the tag question так ли","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase так","gloss":"[question particle]"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"repeats так for emphasis","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase так","gloss":"[question particle]"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b9-c7-s65","source":"Но всё же не вор?","translation":"But still not a thief?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Но всё же не вор?","title":"Zero copula + «же»","body":"A verbless question: Russian needs no 'is' in the present, so «не вор?» alone means 'not a thief?'. «Всё же» ('still, all the same') is a concessive particle holding the line against the prior admissions."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вор (idiom всё же: still)","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase всё","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a thief"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b9-c7-s66","source":"Не прямой же ведь вор, не прямой, согласитесь!","translation":"Not an outright thief, after all, not outright, you must admit!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Не прямой же ведь вор","title":"Stacked particles «же» and «ведь»","body":"Two modal particles pile up: «же» insists, «ведь» appeals to shared knowledge ('after all, you know'). Together they wring agreement from the listener — the very texture of Dostoevskian pleading speech, which English can only approximate with 'after all... you must admit'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"согласитесь","title":"Polite imperative","body":"«Согласитесь» is the perfective imperative with the polite/plural «-те»: 'agree (with me)', 'you must admit'. The «-ся» on «согласиться» makes it a middle verb of coming-to-agreement."}],"words":[{"surface":"Не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies прямой","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"прямой","lemma":"прямой","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"an outright"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies прямой","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies прямой","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies прямой","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"прямой","lemma":"прямой","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"repeats прямой for emphasis","gloss":"outright"},{"surface":"согласитесь","lemma":"согласиться","morphology":"verb, imperative, middle, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the imperative clause","gloss":"you must admit"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b9-c7-s67","source":"Прокутил, но не украл!","translation":"He squandered it, but he didn't steal it!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Прокутил, но не украл!","title":"Perfective past contrast with «но»","body":"Two perfective past verbs set against each other by «но» ('but'): the squandering is owned, the theft denied. Perfective aspect frames each as a single completed deed — the whole moral arithmetic of the chapter in four words."}],"words":[{"surface":"Прокутил","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"He squandered it"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies украл","gloss":"did not"},{"surface":"украл","lemma":"украсть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with Прокутил","gloss":"steal it"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b9-c7-s68","source":"Теперь второй, еще выгоднейший случай, следите за мной, а то я, пожалуй, опять собьюсь — как-то голова кружится — итак, второй случай: прокучиваю я здесь только полторы тысячи из трех, то есть половину.","translation":"Now the second case, a still more advantageous one — follow me, or else I'll lose the thread again, my head is somehow spinning — so then, the second case: I squander away only fifteen hundred out of the three thousand here, that is, half.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"выгоднейший","title":"Superlative suffix «-ейший»","body":"«Выгоднейший» ('most advantageous') uses the bookish superlative suffix «-ейш-» rather than periphrastic «самый выгодный». «Еще выгоднейший» ('still more advantageous') is loose, expressive usage — the superlative pressed into comparative service."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"собьюсь","title":"«сбиться» — lose the thread","body":"«Собьюсь» is the perfective future of «сбиться (с мысли)», 'to get knocked off / lose one's thread'. The «-ся» marks the involuntary, self-affecting sense; the perfective future flags a feared single lapse: 'I'll lose the thread.'"},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"прокучиваю","title":"«прокучивать» — the imperfective of squandering","body":"Here Mitya switches to the imperfective «прокучиваю» (vs. perfective «прокутить»), narrating the second hypothetical as an unfolding process — 'I am squandering away'. The aspect shift makes the scene a live re-enactment."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"полторы тысячи из трех","title":"«полтора» governs the genitive singular","body":"«Полторы» ('one and a half', feminine to agree with «тысячи») behaves like the low numerals 2-4 and takes the genitive singular «тысячи». «Из трех» ('out of three') is the genitive after «из»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies случай","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"второй","lemma":"второй","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies случай","gloss":"the second"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies выгоднейший","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"выгоднейший","lemma":"выгодный","morphology":"adjective, superlative, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies случай","gloss":"more advantageous"},{"surface":"случай","lemma":"случай","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the topic phrase","gloss":"case"},{"surface":"следите","lemma":"следить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мной","gloss":"[idiom: follow]"},{"surface":"мной","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, singular","role":"oblique complement of следите","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the idiom а то (or else)","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of собьюсь","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"пожалуй","lemma":"пожалуй","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies собьюсь","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies собьюсь","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"собьюсь","lemma":"сбиться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, first, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the а то clause","gloss":"I'll lose the thread"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как-то","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase как-то (somehow)","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"как-то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как-то (somehow)","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"голова","lemma":"голова","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of кружится","gloss":"my head"},{"surface":"кружится","lemma":"кружиться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to собьюсь","gloss":"is spinning"},{"surface":"итак","lemma":"итак","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse marker introducing new clause","gloss":"so then"},{"surface":"второй","lemma":"второй","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies случай","gloss":"the second"},{"surface":"случай","lemma":"случай","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"case"},{"surface":"прокучиваю","lemma":"прокучивать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I squander away"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of прокучиваю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"здесь","lemma":"здесь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прокучиваю","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies полторы","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"one and a half"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of прокучиваю","gloss":"thousand (fifteen hundred)"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking трех","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, genitive","role":"quantifies тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase то есть (that is)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase то есть (that is)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to полторы тысячи","gloss":"half"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b9-c7-s69","source":"На другой день прихожу к ней и приношу эту половину: «Катя, возьми от меня, мерзавца и легкомысленного подлеца, эту половину, потому что половину я прокутил, прокучу, стало быть, и эту, так чтобы от греха долой!»","translation":"The next day I come to her and bring her this half: 'Katya, take from me, a villain and a thoughtless scoundrel, this half, because I squandered the one half, and I'll squander this one too, so better to keep it out of harm's way!'","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"возьми от меня","title":"Imperative of «взять»","body":"«Возьми» is the singular imperative of the perfective «взять» ('take'), addressed familiarly to Katya. Built on the irregular present stem «возьм-», it commands a single completed act of taking."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"мерзавца и легкомысленного подлеца","title":"«мерзавец», «подлец» — the vocabulary of self-loathing","body":"«Мерзавец» (scoundrel, from «мерзкий», 'loathsome') and «подлец» (villain, base man) are the recurring terms of Mitya's self-condemnation. «Легкомысленный» ('light-minded', frivolous) softens the blow with the flavour of a man pleading his own thoughtlessness rather than malice."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"прокутил, прокучу","title":"Same verb, past and perfective future","body":"«Прокутил» (perfective past, 'I squandered') and «прокучу» (perfective future, 'I will squander') sit side by side — the same deed completed and the same deed inevitably to come. The matched aspect-forms dramatise his fatalism about himself."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"от греха долой","title":"«от греха подальше / долой» — out of harm's way","body":"A folk idiom: literally 'away from sin', meaning 'to keep out of temptation/trouble'. «Долой» ('away with, down with') is an emphatic adverb of removal. Mitya casts even his prudence in the language of sin."}],"words":[{"surface":"На","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking день","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"другой","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies день","gloss":"the next"},{"surface":"день","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прихожу","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"прихожу","lemma":"приходить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I come"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of прихожу","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"приношу","lemma":"приносить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with прихожу","gloss":"I bring"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of половину","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of приношу","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"Катя","lemma":"Катя","morphology":"proper noun, vocative, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Katya"},{"surface":"возьми","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of возьми","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"мерзавца","lemma":"мерзавец","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to меня","gloss":"a villain"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"легкомысленного","lemma":"легкомысленный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies подлеца","gloss":"thoughtless"},{"surface":"подлеца","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to меня, coordinated with мерзавца","gloss":"scoundrel"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of половину","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of возьми","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase потому что","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase потому что","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of прокутил","gloss":"the [first] half"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of прокутил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"прокутил","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the потому что clause","gloss":"I squandered"},{"surface":"прокучу","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with прокутил","gloss":"I'll squander"},{"surface":"стало","lemma":"стать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"part of the phrase стало быть (idiom: so, then)","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase стало быть (idiom: so, then)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies эту","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of прокучу (this one too)","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase так чтобы (so that)","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase так чтобы (so that)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking греха","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"греха","lemma":"грех","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition от","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"долой","lemma":"долой","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies эту (idiom: away, out of harm's way)","gloss":"away"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b9-c7-s70","source":"Ну как в таком случае?","translation":"Well, what about it in such a case?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ну как в таком случае?","title":"Elliptical question, prepositional «в случае»","body":"A clipped, verbless question: 'Well, how about [it] in such a case?' «В таком случае» is the prepositional case after «в» marking situation, and «таком» agrees with «случае» in the prepositional."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ну","lemma":"ну","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking случае","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"таком","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, locative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of случае","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"случае","lemma":"случай","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of как","gloss":"case"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b9-c7-s71","source":"Всё что угодно, и зверь и подлец, но уже не вор, не вор окончательно, ибо, если б вор, то наверно бы не принес назад половину сдачи, а присвоил бы и ее.","translation":"Anything you like — both a beast and a scoundrel — but no longer a thief, decidedly not a thief, for if he were a thief he surely would not have brought back half the change, but would have appropriated that too.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"если б вор, то наверно бы не принес","title":"Counterfactual conditional with «бы»","body":"A contrary-to-fact conditional: «если б (бы) вор [был]... то... не принес бы». The particle «бы», doubled in both clauses and attaching to «если» and to «наверно», plus the past-form verb «принес», builds the irrealis: 'if he were a thief, he surely would not have brought back.'"},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ибо","title":"«ибо» — bookish 'for, because'","body":"«Ибо» is an archaic, elevated conjunction for 'for / because', steeped in Scripture and 19th-century prose. Its solemn weight here lifts Mitya's tavern logic to the pitch of a moral demonstration."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"присвоил бы и ее","title":"«и» as 'too' + counterfactual","body":"«Присвоил бы и ее» = 'would have appropriated that [half] too'. The «и» before «ее» is not 'and' but the focal particle 'even/too', and «бы» + past «присвоил» continues the counterfactual reasoning of the sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies что (idiom: anything at all)","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"угодно","lemma":"угодно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies что","gloss":"you like"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"зверь","lemma":"зверь","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with что","gloss":"a beast"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"подлец","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with зверь","gloss":"a scoundrel"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"repeats вор for emphasis","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"окончательно","lemma":"окончательно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"decidedly"},{"surface":"ибо","lemma":"ибо","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"б","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"conditional marker with если","gloss":"[conditional]"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of the если б clause","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the apodosis clause","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"наверно","lemma":"наверно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies принес","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of принес","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies принес","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"принес","lemma":"принести","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the apodosis clause","gloss":"have brought"},{"surface":"назад","lemma":"назад","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies принес","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of принес","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"сдачи","lemma":"сдача","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies половину","gloss":"of the change"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"присвоил","lemma":"присвоить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with принес","gloss":"would have appropriated"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of присвоил","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ее","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of присвоил","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b9-c7-s72","source":"Тут же она видит, что коль скоро принес половину, то донесет и остальные, то есть прокученные, всю жизнь искать будет, работать будет, но найдет и отдаст.","translation":"And at once she sees that, since he brought back half, he will pay back the rest as well — that is, the squandered part — that he will hunt for it all his life, will work, but will find it and pay it back.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"коль скоро","title":"«коль скоро» — archaic 'since, inasmuch as'","body":"«Коль скоро» is a bookish conditional-causal conjunction ('once', 'since', 'inasmuch as'), with «коль» an old contraction of «если». It belongs to the elevated 19th-century register and lends formality to her imagined reasoning."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"донесет... искать будет, работать будет, но найдет и отдаст","title":"Future chain, perfective vs. compound imperfective","body":"A run of futures shows the aspect logic: «искать будет», «работать будет» are imperfective compound futures (ongoing seeking, working), while «донесет», «найдет», «отдаст» are perfective simple futures naming the eventual completed results — he'll search and work, and finally find and return it."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"прокученные","title":"«прокученные» — the squandered (money)","body":"A past passive participle of «прокутить», used substantively as 'the squandered part'. The whole leitmotif verb of the chapter has now hardened into an adjective — the money is defined by the deed done to it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies видит","gloss":"At once"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Тут","gloss":"right then"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of видит","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"видит","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause complement of видит","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"коль","lemma":"коль","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase коль скоро (since)","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"скоро","lemma":"скоро","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase коль скоро (since)","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"принес","lemma":"принести","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of видит","gloss":"he brought back"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of принес","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the apodosis clause","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"донесет","lemma":"донести","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the то clause","gloss":"he will pay back"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies остальные","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"остальные","lemma":"остальной","morphology":"adjective, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of донесет","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase то есть (that is)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the phrase то есть (that is)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"прокученные","lemma":"прокученный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, plural","role":"in apposition to остальные","gloss":"the squandered part"},{"surface":"всю","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of жизнь","gloss":"his whole"},{"surface":"жизнь","lemma":"жизнь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial (duration) modifying искать","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"искать","lemma":"искать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with донесет","gloss":"hunt for it"},{"surface":"будет","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"auxiliary of искать","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"работать","lemma":"работать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with донесет","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"будет","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"auxiliary of работать","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"найдет","lemma":"найти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with донесет","gloss":"he will find it"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"отдаст","lemma":"отдать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with донесет","gloss":"pay it back"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b9-c7-s73","source":"Таким образом, подлец, но не вор, не вор, как хотите, не вор!","translation":"In that way, he is a scoundrel, but not a thief, not a thief, say what you will, not a thief!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"как хотите","title":"«как хотите» — 'say what you will'","body":"Literally 'as you wish', this set phrase concedes nothing: 'whatever you say, [still] not a thief'. The triple «не вор» around it turns the denial into an incantation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Таким","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of образом","gloss":"In that"},{"surface":"образом","lemma":"образ","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial phrase modifying подлец (thus)","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"подлец","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (predicate)","gloss":"a scoundrel"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with подлец","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"repeats вор for emphasis","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of хотите","gloss":"say what"},{"surface":"хотите","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to вор","gloss":"you will"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a thief"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b9-c7-s74","source":"— Положим, что есть некоторая разница, — холодно усмехнулся прокурор. — Но странно все-таки, что вы видите в этом такую роковую уже разницу.","translation":"\"Let us grant there is a certain difference,\" the prosecutor smiled coldly. \"But it is strange all the same that you should see in it so fatal a difference.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Положим, что есть некоторая разница","title":"«Положим» — concessive imperative","body":"«Положим» ('let us suppose, let us grant') is a 1st-person-plural imperative used as a concessive discourse marker. The prosecutor grants a point only to undercut it — cold rhetorical fencing against Mitya's heat."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"холодно усмехнулся","title":"Manner adverb + perfective «-ся»","body":"«Холодно усмехнулся» — 'smiled coldly (once)'. «Усмехнуться» is a perfective «-ся» verb naming a single smirk; the adverb «холодно» pins its quality. Russian routinely folds an adverb of manner before the verb of speech-tagging."}],"words":[{"surface":"Положим","lemma":"положить","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Let us grant"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of есть","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of Положим","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"некоторая","lemma":"некоторый","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of разница","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"разница","lemma":"разница","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of есть","gloss":"difference"},{"surface":"холодно","lemma":"холодно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies усмехнулся","gloss":"coldly"},{"surface":"усмехнулся","lemma":"усмехнуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the narrator's clause","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of усмехнулся","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"странно","lemma":"странный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular, predicative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it is strange"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"всё-таки","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase все-таки (all the same)","gloss":"all the same"},{"surface":"таки","lemma":"всё-таки","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase все-таки (all the same)","gloss":"all the same"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of видите","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of видите","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"видите","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of странно","gloss":"should see"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking этом","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"этом","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of видите","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"такую","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of разницу","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"роковую","lemma":"роковой","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies разницу","gloss":"fatal"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies разницу","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"разницу","lemma":"разница","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of видите","gloss":"a difference"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b9-c7-s75","source":"— Да, вижу такую роковую разницу!","translation":"\"Yes, I see so fatal a difference!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"такую роковую разницу","title":"Accusative agreement chain","body":"«Такую роковую разницу» — determiner, adjective, and noun all in the feminine accusative singular, the object of «вижу». «Роковой» ('fateful, fatal') is the heightened word Mitya seizes on from the prosecutor and flings back."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вижу","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"вижу","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I see"},{"surface":"такую","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of разницу","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"роковую","lemma":"роковой","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies разницу","gloss":"fatal"},{"surface":"разницу","lemma":"разница","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of вижу","gloss":"a difference"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b9-c7-s76","source":"Подлецом может быть всякий, да и есть, пожалуй, всякий, но вором может быть не всякий, а только архиподлец.","translation":"Anyone may be a scoundrel, and is one, perhaps — anyone — but not anyone can be a thief; only an arch-scoundrel can.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Подлецом может быть всякий","title":"Predicate instrumental after «быть»","body":"«Подлецом» is the instrumental predicate of «быть» ('to be a scoundrel'). After the infinitive «быть», the role-noun takes the instrumental, not the nominative — a hallmark of 'becoming/being' as a temporary or assumed state."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"архиподлец","title":"«архи-» — the intensifying prefix","body":"«Архиподлец» ('arch-scoundrel') prefixes Greek «архи-» ('chief, arch-') to «подлец» for a superlative of villainy. The bookish, almost ecclesiastical prefix (cf. «архиерей», bishop) lends mock-solemnity to Mitya's hierarchy of baseness."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не всякий, а только архиподлец","title":"Contrastive «а» after negation","body":"«Не всякий, а только...» — 'not just anyone, but only...'. After a negation, «а» introduces the corrective alternative (X not, but rather Y), a use distinct from 'and'. This не...а frame is the backbone of Mitya's distinctions."}],"words":[{"surface":"Подлецом","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of может быть","gloss":"a scoundrel"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"copula complement of может","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"всякий","lemma":"всякий","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of может","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase да и (and indeed)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase да","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with может","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"пожалуй","lemma":"пожалуй","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies есть","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"всякий","lemma":"всякий","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of есть","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"вором","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of может быть","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with может","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"copula complement of может","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies всякий","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"всякий","lemma":"всякий","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of может","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies архиподлец","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"архиподлец","lemma":"архиподлец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of implied может (быть)","gloss":"an arch-scoundrel"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b9-c7-s77","source":"Ну да я там этим тонкостям не умею… А только вор подлее подлеца, вот мое убеждение.","translation":"Well, I'm no good at such fine distinctions there... But a thief is baser than a scoundrel — that is my conviction.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"этим тонкостям не умею","title":"Dative object after «не умею»","body":"«Этим тонкостям» is dative ('I'm not good at these subtleties'), an unusual dative government left dangling as the sentence breaks off. The trailing «не умею» without an infinitive captures Mitya's self-deprecating shrug."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"подлее подлеца","title":"Comparative + genitive of comparison","body":"«Подлее» is the predicative comparative ('baser'), and «подлеца» is the genitive of the standard of comparison — 'baser than a scoundrel'. Russian forms the simple comparison either with «чем» or, more tersely, with this bare genitive."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"убеждение","title":"«убеждение» — conviction","body":"«Убеждение» (from «убедить», to convince) is a firmly held conviction or belief. «Вот мое убеждение» — 'that is my conviction' — gives Mitya's tavern-philosophy the gravity of a creed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ну","lemma":"ну","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies умею","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of умею","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"там","lemma":"там","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies умею","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"этим","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"determiner of тонкостям","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"тонкостям","lemma":"тонкость","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"indirect object of умею","gloss":"fine distinctions"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies умею","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"умею","lemma":"уметь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'm no good at"},{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of подлее","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"подлее","lemma":"подлый","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"is baser"},{"surface":"подлеца","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of подлее","gloss":"than a scoundrel"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies убеждение","gloss":"that is"},{"surface":"мое","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of убеждение","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"убеждение","lemma":"убеждение","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate noun in вот-clause","gloss":"conviction"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b9-c7-s78","source":"Слушайте: я ношу деньги целый месяц на себе, завтра же я могу решиться их отдать, и я уже не подлец, но решиться-то я не могу, вот что, хотя и каждый день решаюсь, хотя и каждый день толкаю себя: «Решись, решись, подлец», и вот весь месяц не могу решиться, вот что!","translation":"Listen: I carry the money on me a whole month; tomorrow I may resolve to give it back, and then I am no longer a scoundrel — but resolve I cannot, that's the thing, though every day I resolve, though every day I goad myself: 'Resolve, resolve, you scoundrel,' and for a whole month, you see, I cannot resolve, that's the thing!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ношу деньги целый месяц","title":"Imperfective for durative carrying","body":"«Ношу» (imperfective present of «носить», the multidirectional carry-verb) with «целый месяц» ('a whole month') names habitual, ongoing action. «Носить» rather than «нести» because it is repeated daily carrying, not one trip."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"решиться-то я не могу","title":"Emphatic clitic «-то»","body":"The hyphenated «-то» on «решиться» topicalizes and emphasizes the very verb at issue: 'as for resolving, I cannot' — distinct from indefinite «что-то». It throws Mitya's helplessness into relief."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"хотя и каждый день решаюсь","title":"Concessive «хотя и»","body":"«Хотя и...» ('although, even though') concedes a point: 'though every day I resolve'. The «и» reinforces the concession. The repeated «хотя и каждый день» frames his daily failure as endless, hopeless repetition."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"толкаю себя: «Решись, решись»","title":"Reflexive «себя» + imperative to oneself","body":"«Толкаю себя» ('I push/goad myself') uses the full reflexive pronoun «себя» as object, and the quoted «Решись!» is the «-ся» imperative he barks at himself. Mitya splits into goader and goaded — the self addressing the self."}],"words":[{"surface":"Слушайте","lemma":"слушать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Listen"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of ношу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ношу","lemma":"носить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of ношу","gloss":"the money"},{"surface":"целый","lemma":"целый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"a whole"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement (duration) of ношу","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking себе","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, locative","role":"oblique complement of ношу","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"завтра","lemma":"завтра","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies могу","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies завтра","gloss":"[emphasis]"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of могу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"могу","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with ношу","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"решиться","lemma":"решиться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могу","gloss":"resolve"},{"surface":"их","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of отдать","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"отдать","lemma":"отдать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of решиться","gloss":"to give back"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of the predicate подлец","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies подлец","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies подлец","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"подлец","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun, coordinated clause","gloss":"a scoundrel"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"решиться","lemma":"решиться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могу (w26)","gloss":"resolve"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic particle attached to решиться","gloss":"[emphasis]"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of могу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies могу","gloss":"cannot"},{"surface":"могу","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with ношу","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"that's"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase (вот что)","gloss":"the thing"},{"surface":"хотя","lemma":"хотя","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of решаюсь","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies каждый","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"каждый","lemma":"каждый","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of день","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"день","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement (time) of решаюсь","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"решаюсь","lemma":"решаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, first, singular, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on могу","gloss":"I resolve"},{"surface":"хотя","lemma":"хотя","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of толкаю","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies толкаю","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"каждый","lemma":"каждый","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of день","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"день","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement (time) of толкаю","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"толкаю","lemma":"толкать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause, coordinated with решаюсь","gloss":"I goad"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of толкаю","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"Решись","lemma":"решиться","morphology":"verb, imperative, middle, second, singular, perfective","role":"quoted imperative (self-exhortation)","gloss":"Resolve"},{"surface":"решись","lemma":"решиться","morphology":"verb, imperative, middle, second, singular, perfective","role":"repeats Решись for emphasis","gloss":"resolve"},{"surface":"подлец","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, vocative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address within the quote","gloss":"you scoundrel"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"весь","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of месяц","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement (duration) of могу","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies могу","gloss":"cannot"},{"surface":"могу","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"I cannot"},{"surface":"решиться","lemma":"решиться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могу","gloss":"resolve"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"that's"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase (вот что)","gloss":"the thing"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b9-c7-s79","source":"Что, хорошо, по-вашему, хорошо?","translation":"Well, is that good, in your view, is it good?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"по-вашему","title":"«по-вашему» — 'in your view'","body":"The prefix «по-» + possessive «-ему» forms an adverb of opinion/manner: 'in your opinion, your way'. Cf. «по-моему», «по-русски». Mitya throws the judgement back onto his interrogators."}],"words":[{"surface":"Что","lemma":"что","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker introducing the question","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"хорошо","lemma":"хороший","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular, predicative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"is that good"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по-вашему","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase по-вашему (in your view)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"вашему","lemma":"по-вашему","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase по-вашему (in your view)","gloss":"your view"},{"surface":"хорошо","lemma":"хороший","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular, predicative","role":"repeats хорошо for emphasis","gloss":"is it good"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b9-c7-s80","source":"— Положим, не так хорошо, это я отлично могу понять и в этом я не спорю, — сдержанно ответил прокурор. — Да и вообще отложим всякое препирание об этих тонкостях и различиях, а вот опять-таки если бы вам угодно было перейти к делу.","translation":"\"Let us grant it is not so good — that I can perfectly well understand, and on that point I do not dispute,\" the prosecutor answered with restraint. \"But in any case let us set aside all wrangling over these fine points and distinctions, and let us again, if you please, get back to the matter at hand.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"отложим всякое препирание","title":"Exhortative «отложим»","body":"«Отложим» ('let us set aside') is again the 1st-plural perfective used as a polite exhortation, parallel to «Положим». The prosecutor steers the talk with these cool 'let us' forms."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"препирание","title":"«препирание» — wrangling","body":"«Препирание» (from «препираться», to bicker/wrangle) is a bookish noun for petty disputation. Calling Mitya's anguished distinctions mere «препирание» is the prosecutor's dismissive, deflating move."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"если бы вам угодно было перейти к делу","title":"Polite conditional with dative «вам угодно»","body":"«Если бы вам угодно было...» is an elaborately polite irrealis: «бы» softens it to deference, and «вам угодно» is the dative-experiencer idiom ('if it would please you'). The dative «вам» is the one to whom the pleasing is, with no nominative subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"Положим","lemma":"положить","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause (hortative: \"let us grant\")","gloss":"let us grant"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies так","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies хорошо","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"хорошо","lemma":"хорошо","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of Положим","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of понять (fronted)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of могу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"отлично","lemma":"отлично","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies могу","gloss":"perfectly well"},{"surface":"могу","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with спорю","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"понять","lemma":"понять","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могу","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking этом","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"этом","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of спорю","gloss":"that point"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of спорю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies спорю","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"спорю","lemma":"спорить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with могу","gloss":"dispute"},{"surface":"сдержанно","lemma":"сдержанно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ответил","gloss":"with restraint"},{"surface":"ответил","lemma":"ответить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ответил","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse particle introducing вообще","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вообще","lemma":"вообще","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отложим","gloss":"anyway"},{"surface":"отложим","lemma":"отложить","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence (hortative)","gloss":"let us set aside"},{"surface":"всякое","lemma":"всякий","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of препирание","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"препирание","lemma":"препирание","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of отложим","gloss":"wrangling"},{"surface":"об","lemma":"об","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тонкостях","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"этих","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, locative, plural","role":"determiner of тонкостях","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"тонкостях","lemma":"тонкость","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of препирание","gloss":"fine points"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"различиях","lemma":"различие","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with тонкостях","gloss":"distinctions"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase вот опять-таки","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies перейти","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"таки","lemma":"таки","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase опять-таки","gloss":"indeed","note":"\"опять-таки\" is a fixed idiom meaning \"yet again / once more\"."},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of было","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"conditional particle","role":"marks the conditional of было","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"dative experiencer of угодно","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"угодно","lemma":"угодно","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate with вам было","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"auxiliary of угодно/перейти","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"перейти","lemma":"перейти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with отложим","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking делу","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"делу","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of перейти","gloss":"the matter"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b9-c7-s81","source":"А дело именно в том, что вы еще не изволили нам объяснить, хотя мы и спрашивали: для чего первоначально сделали такое разделение в этих трех тысячах, то есть одну половину прокутили, а другую припрятали?","translation":"And the matter is precisely this, which you have not yet deigned to explain to us, though we asked: for what purpose did you originally make such a division in those three thousand — that is, squander the one half and hide away the other?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"не изволили","title":"«изволить» — the courtly 'deign'","body":"«Изволить» is an archaic, super-polite (and here faintly ironic) verb, 'to deign / be pleased to'. «Не изволили объяснить» = 'you have not deigned to explain'. Its old-regime courtesy needles Mitya even as it flatters."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"для чего первоначально сделали такое разделение","title":"Purpose «для чего» + perfective deed","body":"«Для чего» ('for what purpose') + «сделали разделение» (perfective past, 'made a division') asks after the single, deliberate act. The prosecutor's whole question turns on motive — the «для чего» that, for Mitya, hides the real shame."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"одну половину прокутили, а другую припрятали","title":"Contrastive «а» between the two halves","body":"«Одну... а другую...» ('the one... and/while the other...') uses «а» as the balancing hinge between two contrasted acts — squandering one half against hiding the other. This is «а» at its most characteristic: topic-shift, not opposition."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"дело","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of том","gloss":"the matter"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies том","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking том","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"том","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of изволили","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of изволили","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies изволили","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies изволили","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"изволили","lemma":"изволить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"clause modifying том","gloss":"deigned"},{"surface":"нам","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of объяснить","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"объяснить","lemma":"объяснить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of изволили","gloss":"explain"},{"surface":"хотя","lemma":"хотя","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of спрашивали","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"мы","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of спрашивали","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies спрашивали (emphatic)","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"спрашивали","lemma":"спрашивать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on изволили объяснить","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чего","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of сделали","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"первоначально","lemma":"первоначально","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сделали","gloss":"originally"},{"surface":"сделали","lemma":"сделать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the question clause","gloss":"did make"},{"surface":"такое","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of разделение","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"разделение","lemma":"разделение","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of сделали","gloss":"division"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тысячах","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"этих","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, locative, plural","role":"determiner of тысячах","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, locative","role":"quantifies тысячах","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячах","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of сделали","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the idiom то есть","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"part of the idiom то есть","gloss":"is","note":"\"то есть\" together means \"that is\"."},{"surface":"одну","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"quantifies половину","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of прокутили","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"прокутили","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with сделали","gloss":"squandered"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"другую","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of припрятали","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"припрятали","lemma":"припрятать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with прокутили","gloss":"hid away"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b9-c7-s82","source":"Именно для чего, собственно, припрятали, на что хотели, собственно, эти отделенные полторы тысячи употребить?","translation":"Precisely for what did you hide it away — what, precisely, did you mean to do with this fifteen hundred you had set apart?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"припрятали","title":"«припрятать» — to stash away","body":"The prefix «при-» on «прятать» ('to hide') adds the nuance of squirreling something away for later, on the quiet. It is exactly the furtive, calculated hiding the prosecutor wants Mitya to account for."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"эти отделенные полторы тысячи","title":"Past passive participle as modifier","body":"«Отделенные» ('set apart, separated off') is the past passive participle of «отделить», agreeing with «полторы тысячи», compressing 'which had been set apart' into one adjective — the bookish economy of the magistrate's speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies чего","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чего","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of припрятали","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"собственно","lemma":"собственно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies припрятали","gloss":"actually"},{"surface":"припрятали","lemma":"припрятать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did hide"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking что","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of употребить","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"хотели","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to припрятали","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"собственно","lemma":"собственно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies употребить","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of тысячи","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"отделенные","lemma":"отделённый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies тысячи","gloss":"set-apart"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"fifteen hundred"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of употребить","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"употребить","lemma":"употребить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of хотели","gloss":"to use"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b9-c7-s83","source":"Я на этом вопросе настаиваю, Дмитрий Федорович.","translation":"I insist upon this question, Dmitri Fyodorovich.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"на этом вопросе настаиваю","title":"«настаивать на» + prepositional","body":"«Настаивать на чём-то» ('to insist on something') governs «на» + prepositional: «на этом вопросе». The fixed preposition-case pairing is part of the verb's meaning — a small point of government to internalize."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of настаиваю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вопросе","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"этом","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, locative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of вопросе","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"вопросе","lemma":"вопрос","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of настаиваю","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"настаиваю","lemma":"настаивать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"insist"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"Дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"Фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b9-c7-s84","source":"— Ах да, и в самом деле! — вскричал Митя, ударив себя по лбу, — простите, я вас мучаю, а главного и не объясняю, а то бы вы вмиг поняли, ибо в цели-то, в цели-то этой и позор!","translation":"\"Ah yes, indeed!\" cried Mitya, striking himself on the forehead. \"Forgive me, I'm tormenting you and not explaining the main thing, or else you would have understood in a flash, for it is in the purpose, in the purpose of it, that the shame lies!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ударив себя по лбу","title":"Perfective gerund «ударив»","body":"«Ударив» is the perfective past gerund (деепричастие) of «ударить» ('having struck'), naming an action just prior to and accompanying «вскричал». «Себя по лбу» — 'oneself on the forehead', with «себя» the reflexive object and «по лбу» the dative of the spot struck."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"а то бы вы вмиг поняли","title":"«а то» + counterfactual","body":"«А то бы вы... поняли» — 'or else you would have understood'. «А то» ('otherwise, or else') sets up a contrary-to-fact result, carried by «бы» + perfective past «поняли». «Вмиг» = 'in an instant'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"в цели-то, в цели-то этой и позор","title":"Emphatic «-то» + word order for stress","body":"Mitya repeats «в цели-то» ('in the purpose, of all things') with the emphatic clitic «-то», then lands on «и позор» — 'there lies the shame'. The doubling and fronting hurl the weight onto 'the purpose', the true seat of his disgrace."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ах","lemma":"ах","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the exclamation","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on Ах","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking деле","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"самом","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies деле","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"деле","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"object of в, idiom в самом деле","gloss":"fact","note":"\"в самом деле\" is a fixed idiom meaning \"indeed / in fact\"."},{"surface":"вскричал","lemma":"вскричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вскричал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"ударив","lemma":"ударить","morphology":"verb, past, active, converb, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on вскричал","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of ударив","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking лбу","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"лбу","lemma":"лоб","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ударив","gloss":"the forehead"},{"surface":"простите","lemma":"простить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the imperative clause","gloss":"forgive me"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of мучаю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of мучаю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"мучаю","lemma":"мучить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with объясняю","gloss":"am tormenting"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"главного","lemma":"главное","morphology":"noun/adjective (substantivized), accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of объясняю","gloss":"the main thing"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies объясняю (emphatic)","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies объясняю","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"объясняю","lemma":"объяснять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with мучаю","gloss":"am explaining"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase а то","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase а то","gloss":"else","note":"\"а то\" together means \"or else / otherwise\"."},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"conditional particle","role":"marks the conditional of поняли","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of поняли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"вмиг","lemma":"вмиг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies поняли","gloss":"instantly"},{"surface":"поняли","lemma":"понять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the conditional clause","gloss":"would understand"},{"surface":"ибо","lemma":"ибо","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of позор","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking цели","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"цели","lemma":"цель","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate location for позор","gloss":"the purpose"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"enclitic particle","role":"emphatic enclitic attached to цели","gloss":"indeed","note":"the enclitic \"-то\" attached to цели adds emphasis (\"the purpose, mind you\")."},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking цели","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"цели","lemma":"цель","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"repeats цели (w30) for emphasis","gloss":"the purpose"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"enclitic particle","role":"emphatic enclitic attached to цели","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, locative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of цели","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links позор to в цели","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"позор","lemma":"позор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of the elided verb, predicated by в цели","gloss":"the shame"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b9-c7-s85","source":"Видите, тут всё этот старик, покойник, он всё Аграфену Александровну смущал, а я ревновал, думал тогда, что она колеблется между мною и им; вот и думаю каждый день: что, если вдруг с ее стороны решение, что, если она устанет меня мучить и вдруг скажет мне: «Тебя люблю, а не его, увози меня на край света».","translation":"You see, it all comes back to that old man, the dead man — he was always troubling Agrafena Aleksandrovna, and I was jealous, I thought then that she was wavering between me and him; and so every day I think: what if a decision suddenly comes from her side, what if she tires of tormenting me and suddenly says to me, 'I love you, not him, carry me off to the ends of the earth.'","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"покойник","title":"«покойник» — the deceased","body":"«Покойник» ('the dead man, the deceased', from «покой», rest/peace) refers to old Fyodor Pavlovich, the murdered father. The euphemism's calm root ('the one at rest') sits in chilling tension with the patricide hanging over the scene."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"что, если вдруг с ее стороны решение","title":"Verbless «что, если» supposition","body":"«Что, если...?» ('what if...?') frames a hypothetical, and the clause «с её стороны решение» has no verb — 'a decision [comes] from her side'. Russian freely omits the copula, leaving the bare noun «решение» to do the work."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"увози меня на край света","title":"Imperfective imperative «увози»","body":"«Увози» is the imperfective imperative of the prefixed motion verb «увозить» ('carry off'); the imperfective gives a sweeping, urging tone ('carry me off!'). «На край света» — 'to the edge of the world' — is a set hyperbole of total flight."}],"words":[{"surface":"Видите","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies старик","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies старик (\"it's always this old man\")","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of старик","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"старик","lemma":"старик","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of the clause following Видите","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"покойник","lemma":"покойник","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to старик","gloss":"the deceased"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of смущал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies смущал","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"Аграфену","lemma":"Аграфена","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of смущал","gloss":"Agrafena"},{"surface":"Александровну","lemma":"Александровна","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Аграфену","gloss":"Aleksandrovna"},{"surface":"смущал","lemma":"смущать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"was troubling"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of ревновал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ревновал","lemma":"ревновать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with смущал","gloss":"was jealous"},{"surface":"думал","lemma":"думать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with ревновал","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies думал","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of колеблется","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of колеблется","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"колеблется","lemma":"колебаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of думал","gloss":"was wavering"},{"surface":"между","lemma":"между","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мною","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"мною","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, singular","role":"oblique complement of колеблется","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"им","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with мною","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase вот и, modifies думаю","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase вот и","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"думаю","lemma":"думать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"каждый","lemma":"каждый","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of день","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"день","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial modifier of думаю","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative/accusative, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the following clause (\"what if\")","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of решение","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies решение","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стороны","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"её","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of стороны","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"стороны","lemma":"сторона","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of решение","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"решение","lemma":"решение","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of the elliptical clause","gloss":"decision"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative/accusative, neuter, singular","role":"introduces the following clause (\"what if\")","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of устанет","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of устанет","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"устанет","lemma":"устать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the если-clause","gloss":"tires"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of мучить","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"мучить","lemma":"мучить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of устанет","gloss":"of tormenting"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies скажет","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"скажет","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with устанет","gloss":"will say"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of скажет","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Тебя","lemma":"ты","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of люблю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"люблю","lemma":"любить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the quoted clause, complement of скажет","gloss":"I love"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies его","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Тебя","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"увози","lemma":"увезти","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the quoted imperative clause","gloss":"carry off"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of увози","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking край","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"край","lemma":"край","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of увози","gloss":"the edge"},{"surface":"света","lemma":"свет","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies край","gloss":"of the world"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b9-c7-s86","source":"А у меня всего два двугривенных; с чем увезешь, что тогда делать, — вот и пропал.","translation":"And I have only two twenty-copeck pieces to my name; with what could you carry her off, what would there be to do then — and so I'm done for.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"двугривенный","title":"A twenty-copeck coin","body":"A «двугривенный» is a coin worth two «гривенники» (a «гривенник» = ten copecks), so twenty copecks. «Два двугривенных» is therefore forty copecks — a tiny sum, which is exactly Mitya's point: he was nearly penniless. We render it 'two twenty-copeck pieces' to keep the coin he names rather than flattening it to the total."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"у меня всего два двугривенных","title":"Possession by «у» + genitive; numeral government","body":"«У меня» ('I have', lit. 'by me') is the standard Russian possession frame, «у» + genitive. «Два двугривенных» shows the numeral «два» taking the genitive — here the substantivized adjective «двугривенных» in genitive plural after the higher count of coins."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"с чем увезешь, что тогда делать","title":"Self-address in 2nd person + dative-less infinitive","body":"Mitya slips into addressing himself as «ты»: «с чем увезёшь» ('with what will you carry her off'). «Что тогда делать» is the bare infinitive of deliberation ('what is one to do then'), an impersonal construction with no subject."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"вот и пропал","title":"«пропал» — 'I'm done for'","body":"«Пропасть» literally is 'to perish, be lost'; in the past «(вот и) пропал» it is an exclamation of doom — 'and so I'm finished / done for'. «Вот и» frames it as the foregone, fated outcome."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"possessor in the у-construction (elided есть)","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"всего","lemma":"всего","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies два","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"два","lemma":"два","morphology":"numeral, nominative, masculine","role":"depends on двугривенных","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"двугривенных","lemma":"двугривенный","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), genitive, plural","role":"subject of the elided есть, quantified by два","gloss":"twenty-kopeck pieces","note":"\"двугривенный\" is an old coin worth twenty kopecks."},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чем","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of увезешь","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"увезешь","lemma":"увезти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could you carry off"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of делать","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies делать","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"делать","lemma":"делать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"main verb of the parallel question, coordinated with увезешь","gloss":"to do"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase вот и, modifies пропал","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase вот и","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"пропал","lemma":"пропасть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"I'm done for"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b9-c7-s87","source":"Я ведь ее тогда не знал и не понимал, я думал, что ей денег надо и что нищеты моей она мне не простит.","translation":"For I did not know her then and did not understand her; I thought she needed money and that she would not forgive me my poverty.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"нищеты моей она мне не простит","title":"Genitive of negation + dative of person","body":"Under negation «не простит», the object «нищету» shifts to genitive «нищеты» ('she would not forgive me my poverty'), and «мне» is the dative of the person forgiven. Two cases at once dramatize his dread of her judgement."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"нищета","title":"«нищета» — destitution","body":"«Нищета» is not mere poverty but beggary, destitution (cf. «нищий», a beggar). Mitya fears not that Grushenka finds him poor but that she sees him reduced to nothing — a sharper, more shaming word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of знал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знал","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"её","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of знал","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знал","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знал","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"знал","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies понимал","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"понимал","lemma":"понимать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with знал","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of думал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"думал","lemma":"думать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with знал","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of надо","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ей","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"dative experiencer of надо","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"денег","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"genitive complement of надо","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb (predicate)","role":"clausal complement of думал","gloss":"is needed"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of простит","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"нищеты","lemma":"нищета","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of простит (genitive under negation)","gloss":"poverty"},{"surface":"моей","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of нищеты","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of простит","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of простит","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies простит","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"простит","lemma":"простить","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with надо","gloss":"would forgive"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b9-c7-s88","source":"И вот я ехидно отсчитываю половину от трех тысяч и зашиваю иглой хладнокровно, зашиваю с расчетом, еще до пьянства зашиваю, а потом, как уж зашил, на остальную половину еду пьянствовать!","translation":"And so I spitefully count off half of the three thousand and sew it up with a needle, cold-bloodedly, sew it up by calculation, sew it up even before the drinking, and then, once it was sewn up, off I go with the other half to carouse!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ехидно","title":"«ехидно» — venomously, slyly","body":"«Ехидный» (from «ехидна», a viper/echidna) means venomous, malicious, snide. Applied to himself — «ехидно отсчитываю» — it casts his careful counting as a serpent's cold spite, deepening the self-disgust."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"зашиваю иглой хладнокровно","title":"Instrumental of means «иглой»","body":"«Иглой» ('with a needle') is the instrumental of instrument — the means of the sewing. The repeated imperfective «зашиваю» ('I sew up') makes the act vivid and ongoing, a present-tense re-enactment of the deliberate concealment."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"хладнокровно","title":"«хладнокровно» — cold-bloodedly","body":"«Хладнокровно» joins the Church-Slavonic «хлад-» ('cold', cf. modern «холод») to «кровь» ('blood'): 'cold-bloodedly'. The elevated «хлад-» form (vs. everyday «холодно») gives the self-accusation a literary chill."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"как уж зашил, на остальную половину еду пьянствовать","title":"Perfective «зашил» then narrative present «еду»","body":"«Как уж зашил» (perfective past, 'once I'd sewn it up') sets the completed condition, then «еду пьянствовать» switches to a vivid narrative present of the motion verb «ехать» — 'off I go to carouse'. The aspect/tense shift propels the scene forward."}],"words":[{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies отсчитываю","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of отсчитываю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ехидно","lemma":"ехидно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отсчитываю","gloss":"spitefully"},{"surface":"отсчитываю","lemma":"отсчитывать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"count off"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of отсчитываю","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тысяч","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, genitive","role":"quantifies тысяч","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысяч","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"modifies половину","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"зашиваю","lemma":"зашивать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with отсчитываю","gloss":"sew up"},{"surface":"иглой","lemma":"игла","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"instrumental complement of зашиваю","gloss":"with a needle"},{"surface":"хладнокровно","lemma":"хладнокровно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies зашиваю","gloss":"cold-bloodedly"},{"surface":"зашиваю","lemma":"зашивать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with отсчитываю","gloss":"sew up"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking расчетом","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"расчетом","lemma":"расчёт","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of зашиваю","gloss":"calculation"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies до пьянства","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking пьянства","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"пьянства","lemma":"пьянство","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of зашиваю","gloss":"the drinking"},{"surface":"зашиваю","lemma":"зашивать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with отсчитываю","gloss":"sew up"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and then"},{"surface":"потом","lemma":"потом","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies еду","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of зашил","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как уж","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"зашил","lemma":"зашить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the как-clause","gloss":"had sewn it up"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking половину","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"остальную","lemma":"остальной","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies половину","gloss":"the remaining"},{"surface":"половину","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of еду","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"еду","lemma":"ехать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the final clause, coordinated with зашил","gloss":"I go"},{"surface":"пьянствовать","lemma":"пьянствовать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of еду","gloss":"to carouse"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b9-c7-s89","source":"Нет-с, это подлость!","translation":"No, sir, that is baseness!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"подлость","title":"«подлость» — baseness","body":"«Подлость» is the abstract noun of «подлый» (base, vile) — the quality of being a «подлец». The naked one-word verdict «это подлость!» distills the whole confession into its moral essence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker introducing это","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"enclitic particle (deferential)","role":"enclitic attached to Нет","gloss":"sir","note":"the archaic enclitic \"-с\" is a deferential politeness marker (from сударь, \"sir\")."},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of подлость","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"подлость","lemma":"подлость","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of это","gloss":"baseness"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b9-c7-s90","source":"Поняли теперь?","translation":"Do you understand now?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Поняли теперь?","title":"Perfective past as completed grasp","body":"«Поняли?» (perfective past, 2nd-plural) asks whether comprehension has now been achieved — a single completed act of understanding, not the process. The bare verb, subject dropped, is conversational and urgent."}],"words":[{"surface":"Поняли","lemma":"понять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you understand"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Поняли","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b9-c7-s91","source":"Прокурор громко рассмеялся, следователь тоже.","translation":"The prosecutor laughed aloud, and so did the magistrate.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"рассмеялся... тоже","title":"Perfective «-ся» of bursting into laughter","body":"«Рассмеялся» — the prefix «рас-» + «смеяться» gives the perfective 'burst out laughing', a single onset of laughter. «Следователь тоже» ellipts the verb: 'the magistrate [laughed] too'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of рассмеялся","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"громко","lemma":"громко","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies рассмеялся","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"рассмеялся","lemma":"рассмеяться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"следователь","lemma":"следователь","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with рассмеялся (elliptical subject)","gloss":"the magistrate"},{"surface":"тоже","lemma":"тоже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the elided verb after следователь","gloss":"too"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b9-c7-s92","source":"— По-моему, даже благоразумно и нравственно, что удержались и не все прокутили, — прохихикал Николай Парфенович, — потому что что же тут такого-с?","translation":"\"To my mind it was even prudent and moral that you held back and did not squander it all,\" Nikolai Parfenovich tittered, \"for what is there in that, sir?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"что удержались и не все прокутили","title":"Reflexive «удержаться» + genitive of negation","body":"«Удержались» ('you held yourselves back', «-ся» middle of restraint) and «не всё прокутили» — under negation the object tilts toward 'not all'. The neuter short forms «благоразумно и нравственно» judge it impersonally as 'prudent and moral'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"прохихикал","title":"«прохихикать» — to titter out","body":"«Хихикать» is to titter or giggle (onomatopoeic 'hee-hee'); the prefix «про-» turns it perfective, 'tittered out (his words)'. The belittling, undignified verb skewers the magistrate's manner."}],"words":[{"surface":"По","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom по-моему","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"моему","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of По, idiom по-моему","gloss":"my","note":"\"по-моему\" together means \"in my opinion\"."},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies благоразумно","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"благоразумно","lemma":"благоразумно","morphology":"adverb (predicate)","role":"predicate of the elided было","gloss":"prudent"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"нравственно","lemma":"нравственно","morphology":"adverb (predicate)","role":"coordinated with благоразумно","gloss":"moral"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of удержались","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"удержались","lemma":"удержаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"clausal complement of благоразумно","gloss":"you held back"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies все","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of прокутили","gloss":"all of it"},{"surface":"прокутили","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with удержались","gloss":"squandered"},{"surface":"прохихикал","lemma":"прохихикать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"tittered"},{"surface":"Николай","lemma":"Николай","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of прохихикал","gloss":"Nikolai"},{"surface":"Парфенович","lemma":"Парфёнович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Николай","gloss":"Parfenovich"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction (part 1)","role":"introduces the reason clause","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"потому что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction (part 2)","role":"part of the idiom потому что","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the question (\"what is there in that\")","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies что","gloss":"in that"},{"surface":"такого","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of что","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"enclitic particle (deferential)","role":"enclitic attached to такого","gloss":"sir"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b9-c7-s93","source":"— Да то, что украл, вот что!","translation":"\"The fact that I stole it, that's what!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Да то, что украл, вот что!","title":"Correlative «то, что» + framing «вот что»","body":"«То, что украл» — the correlative «то» ('that') sets up the clause «что украл» ('that I stole'): 'the fact that [I] stole'. «Вот что!» ('that's what!') slams the point home. «Да» here is emphatic, not 'yes'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the thing"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"relative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of украл","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"украл","lemma":"украсть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"relative clause on то","gloss":"I stole"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the idiom вот что","gloss":"that's"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate nominal, part of the idiom вот что","gloss":"what","note":"\"вот что\" is an idiom meaning \"that's what [it is]\"."}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b9-c7-s94","source":"О боже, вы меня ужасаете непониманием!","translation":"Good God, you appall me with your failure to understand!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ужасаете непониманием","title":"Instrumental of cause/means","body":"«Непониманием» ('with [your] failure to understand') is instrumental — the means by which 'you appall me'. «Непонимание» is itself a negated abstract noun ('non-understanding'). The case turns their obtuseness into the very instrument of his torment."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection introducing боже","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"боже","lemma":"бог","morphology":"noun, vocative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ужасаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of ужасаете","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ужасаете","lemma":"ужасать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"appall"},{"surface":"непониманием","lemma":"непонимание","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ужасаете","gloss":"with incomprehension"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b9-c7-s95","source":"Всё время, пока я носил эти полторы тысячи, зашитые на груди, я каждый день и каждый час говорил себе: «Ты вор, ты вор!»","translation":"All the while I carried that fifteen hundred sewn up on my breast, every day and every hour I said to myself: 'You are a thief, you are a thief!'","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"зашитые на груди","title":"Past passive participle + locative «на груди»","body":"«Зашитые» ('sewn up') is the past passive participle agreeing with «полторы тысячи». «На груди» is the special stressed locative («грудь» → на груди́), the prepositional of location, 'on [my] breast'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"говорил себе: «Ты вор»","title":"Imperfective for daily repetition + «себе»","body":"«Говорил» is imperfective past for habitual action ('I said to myself [again and again]'), reinforced by «каждый день и каждый час». «Себе» is the dative reflexive ('to myself'). The repeated inner accusation «Ты вор!» is staged as a daily ritual."}],"words":[{"surface":"Всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of время","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"время","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial phrase modifying носил/говорил","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"пока","lemma":"пока","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of носил","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of носил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"носил","lemma":"носить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"relative clause modifying время","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of тысячи","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, accusative, feminine","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"one and a half"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of носил","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"зашитые","lemma":"зашить","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, plural, nominative, perfective","role":"clause modifying тысячи","gloss":"sewn up"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking груди","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"груди","lemma":"грудь","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of зашитые","gloss":"my breast"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of говорил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"каждый","lemma":"каждый","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of день","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"день","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of говорил","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"каждый","lemma":"каждый","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of час","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"час","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with день","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"говорил","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of говорил","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"Ты","lemma":"ты","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of вор","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"quoted predicate, subject Ты","gloss":"thief"},{"surface":"ты","lemma":"ты","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of вор","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with вор","gloss":"thief"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b9-c7-s96","source":"Да я оттого и свирепствовал в этот месяц, оттого и дрался в трактире, оттого и отца избил, что чувствовал себя вором!","translation":"Indeed, it was for that I raged so this month, for that I brawled in the tavern, for that I beat my father — because I felt myself a thief!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"оттого и свирепствовал... оттого и дрался... оттого и отца избил","title":"Anaphoric «оттого и» — 'that's why'","body":"Three clauses open with «оттого и» ('it was for that reason that...'), a hammering causal anaphora that traces every act of the month back to one cause. «Что чувствовал себя вором» supplies it: 'because I felt myself a thief'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"чувствовал себя вором","title":"«чувствовать себя» + instrumental predicate","body":"«Чувствовать себя кем-то» ('to feel oneself [to be] something') takes the predicate in the instrumental: «вором», 'a thief'. The reflexive «себя» plus instrumental role-noun is the standard frame for 'feeling oneself X'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"свирепствовал","title":"«свирепствовать» — to rage","body":"From «свирепый» ('ferocious, savage'), «свирепствовать» is to rage, to behave with savage violence. The word casts Mitya's month of brawling as a kind of beastliness — tying back to the «зверь» (beast) of his earlier self-portrait."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies свирепствовал","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of свирепствовал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"оттого","lemma":"оттого","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies свирепствовал, correlates with что","gloss":"for that reason","note":"Correlates with что at the end of the sentence: 'for that reason ... that'."},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic particle modifying свирепствовал","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"свирепствовал","lemma":"свирепствовать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I raged"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking месяц","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of месяц","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of свирепствовал","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"оттого","lemma":"оттого","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with свирепствовал, correlates with что","gloss":"for that"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic particle modifying дрался","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"дрался","lemma":"драться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with свирепствовал","gloss":"I fought"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking трактире","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"трактире","lemma":"трактир","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of дрался","gloss":"the tavern"},{"surface":"оттого","lemma":"оттого","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with свирепствовал, correlates with что","gloss":"for that"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic particle modifying избил (parallels оттого и свирепствовал, оттого и дрался)","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"отца","lemma":"отец","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of избил","gloss":"my father"},{"surface":"избил","lemma":"избить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with свирепствовал","gloss":"I beat"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of чувствовал","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"чувствовал","lemma":"чувствовать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"reason clause for the оттого phrases","gloss":"I felt"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of чувствовал","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"вором","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"complement of чувствовал","gloss":"a thief"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b9-c7-s97","source":"Я даже Алеше, брату моему, не решился и не посмел открыть про эти полторы тысячи: до того чувствовал, что подлец и мазурик!","translation":"I could not even bring myself, did not dare, to reveal this fifteen hundred to Alyosha, my own brother — that was how strongly I felt I was a scoundrel and a swindler!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не решился и не посмел открыть","title":"Doubled negation of resolve","body":"«Не решился и не посмел» — 'I did not bring myself to, nor did I dare' — pairs two perfective negated verbs governing the infinitive «открыть» ('to reveal'). The doubling intensifies the impossibility of the confession even to his brother."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"мазурик","title":"«мазурик» — a petty crook","body":"«Мазурик» is slangy, derisive cant for a swindler, pickpocket, or petty thief. Paired with «подлец», it drags Mitya's self-image down into the gutter argot of the criminal world — sharper and lower than the literary «вор»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of решился","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Алеше","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Алеше","lemma":"Алёша","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of открыть","gloss":"to Alyosha"},{"surface":"брату","lemma":"брат","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Алеше","gloss":"my brother"},{"surface":"моему","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of брату","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies решился","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"решился","lemma":"решиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bring myself"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies посмел","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"посмел","lemma":"посметь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with решился","gloss":"dare"},{"surface":"открыть","lemma":"открыть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of посмел","gloss":"reveal"},{"surface":"про","lemma":"про","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тысячи","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of тысячи","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, accusative, feminine","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"one and a half"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of открыть","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking того","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of чувствовал","gloss":"such a degree"},{"surface":"чувствовал","lemma":"чувствовать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to решился","gloss":"I felt"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of подлец","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"подлец","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of чувствовал","gloss":"a scoundrel"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"мазурик","lemma":"мазурик","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with подлец","gloss":"a swindler"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b9-c7-s98","source":"Но знайте, что пока я носил, я в то же время каждый день и каждый час мой говорил себе: «Нет, Дмитрий Федорович, ты, может быть, еще и не вор».","translation":"But know this: that while I carried it, at the very same time, every day and every hour of mine, I said to myself: 'No, Dmitri Fyodorovich, perhaps you are not a thief yet.'","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"знайте, что пока я носил","title":"Imperative «знайте» + temporal «пока»","body":"«Знайте» is the polite imperative 'know!'. «Пока я носил» ('while I carried'), with imperfective «носил» under the conjunction «пока» ('while'), frames the ongoing background against which the daily inner speech recurred."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"ты, может быть, еще и не вор","title":"«еще не» — 'not yet'","body":"«Ещё... не вор» = 'not yet a thief', the «ещё» turning the negation temporal — the theft is still avertable. The «и» is the focal 'even/quite'. Verbless («не вор», zero copula), the line hangs his fate on a single still-open day."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"знайте","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of говорил","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"пока","lemma":"пока","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of носил","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of носил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"носил","lemma":"носить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on говорил","gloss":"carried it"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of говорил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking время","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of время","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"время","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of говорил","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"каждый","lemma":"каждый","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of день","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"день","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of говорил","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"каждый","lemma":"каждый","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of час","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"час","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of говорил","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"мой","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of час","gloss":"of mine"},{"surface":"говорил","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of знайте","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of говорил","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"Нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the quoted response","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"Дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"Фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"ты","lemma":"ты","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of вор","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical modifying the clause (может быть)","gloss":"maybe"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of может","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement, subject ты","gloss":"a thief"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b9-c7-s99","source":"Почему?","translation":"Why?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"why"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b9-c7-s100","source":"А именно потому, что ты можешь завтра пойти и отдать эти полторы тысячи Кате.","translation":"For this very reason — that tomorrow you can go and give that fifteen hundred back to Katya.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ты можешь завтра пойти и отдать","title":"Perfective infinitives of the still-open deed","body":"«Пойти и отдать» — two perfective infinitives ('go and give back') name the single redeeming act that remains possible 'tomorrow'. «Завтра» plus the perfectives keeps the future hypothetically clean — the loophole through which he is 'not yet a thief'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"отдать эти полторы тысячи Кате","title":"Dative recipient «Кате»","body":"«Кате» is the dative of «Катя» — the recipient of «отдать» ('give back to Katya'). The dative of the indirect object is the natural case of the person to whom something is restored."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the answer clause","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies потому","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of reason clause, correlates with что","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of можешь","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ты","lemma":"ты","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of можешь","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"можешь","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the что-clause","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"завтра","lemma":"завтра","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies пойти","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"пойти","lemma":"пойти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of можешь","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"отдать","lemma":"отдать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with пойти","gloss":"give back"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of тысячи","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, accusative, feminine","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"one and a half"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of отдать","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"Кате","lemma":"Катя","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of отдать","gloss":"to Katya"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b9-c7-s101","source":"И вот вчера только я решился сорвать мою ладонку с шеи, идя от Фени к Перхотину, а до той минуты не решался, и только что сорвал, в ту же минуту стал уже окончательный и бесспорный вор, вор и бесчестный человек на всю жизнь.","translation":"And it was only yesterday that I resolved to tear my amulet from my neck, on my way from Fenya's to Perkhotin's, and until that moment I had not resolved; and the instant I tore it off, that very minute I became at last a settled and indisputable thief, a thief and a dishonourable man for life.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ладонку","title":"«ладанка» — an amulet pouch","body":"A «ладанка» (here spelled «ладонка») is a small cloth pouch worn on a cord round the neck, originally holding incense («ладан») or a relic, amulet, or scrap of prayer. Mitya has profaned this near-sacred object by sewing his money into it — the consecrated reliquary turned into a hiding-place for stolen cash."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"идя от Фени к Перхотину","title":"Imperfective gerund «идя»","body":"«Идя» is the present (imperfective) gerund of «идти» ('while walking, on my way'), naming the simultaneous motion during which he resolved. «От Фени... к Перхотину» pairs «от» + genitive (from) with «к» + dative (toward) — the grammar of a journey between two people."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"только что сорвал... стал уже окончательный... вор","title":"Perfective sequence of the irreversible moment","body":"«Только что сорвал» ('the instant I tore it off', perfective) triggers «стал... вор» ('I became a thief', perfective) — two completed acts in instantaneous sequence. Perfective aspect makes the transformation point-like and irrevocable: one motion, and he is changed for life."}],"words":[{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вчера","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies решился","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вчера","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of решился","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"решился","lemma":"решиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"resolved"},{"surface":"сорвать","lemma":"сорвать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of решился","gloss":"to tear off"},{"surface":"мою","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ладонку","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ладонку","lemma":"ладонка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of сорвать","gloss":"amulet"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шеи","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"шеи","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сорвать","gloss":"my neck"},{"surface":"идя","lemma":"идти","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on сорвать","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Фени","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Фени","lemma":"Феня","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of идя","gloss":"Fenya's"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Перхотину","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Перхотину","lemma":"Перхотин","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of идя","gloss":"Perkhotin's"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking минуты","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"той","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of минуты","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"минуты","lemma":"минута","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of решался","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies решался","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"решался","lemma":"решаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with решился","gloss":"I had resolved"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies сорвал (только что = 'just')","gloss":"just","note":"только что = 'just, the instant that' — treats the clause as immediate."},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase только","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"сорвал","lemma":"сорвать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on стал","gloss":"I tore it off"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking минуту","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ту","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of минуту","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ту","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"минуту","lemma":"минута","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of стал","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"стал","lemma":"стать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"I became"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies окончательный","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"окончательный","lemma":"окончательный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"a settled"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"бесспорный","lemma":"бесспорный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with окончательный","gloss":"indisputable"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of стал","gloss":"thief"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with вор","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"бесчестный","lemma":"бесчестный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies человек","gloss":"dishonorable"},{"surface":"человек","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with вор","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking жизнь","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"всю","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of жизнь","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"жизнь","lemma":"жизнь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of стал","gloss":"my life"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b9-c7-s102","source":"Почему?","translation":"Why?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"why"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b9-c7-s103","source":"Потому что вместе с ладонкой и мечту мою пойти к Кате и сказать: «Я подлец, а не вор» — разорвал!","translation":"Because along with the amulet I tore up my dream as well — the dream of going to Katya and saying: 'I am a scoundrel, but not a thief'!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"вместе с ладонкой и мечту мою... разорвал","title":"Wrenched word order for emphasis","body":"The object «мечту мою» ('my dream') is hurled to the front, far from its verb «разорвал» ('I tore up') at the very end — a violent inversion that mimics the rending. The «и» ('also/along with') yokes the dream to the amulet: tearing one tore the other."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"мечту","title":"«мечта» — a cherished dream","body":"«Мечта» is not a sleeping dream («сон») but a waking dream, a longing or cherished fantasy. Mitya's «мечта» — to face Katya as 'a scoundrel but not a thief' — was the one self-respecting hope he clung to; tearing the amulet destroyed it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of reason clause, correlates with что","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Потому","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вместе","lemma":"вместе","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies разорвал","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ладонкой","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ладонкой","lemma":"ладонка","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вместе","gloss":"the amulet"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"мечту","lemma":"мечта","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of разорвал","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"мою","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of мечту","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"пойти","lemma":"пойти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"clause modifying мечту","gloss":"of going"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Кате","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Кате","lemma":"Катя","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of пойти","gloss":"Katya"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"сказать","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with пойти","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of подлец","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"подлец","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of сказать","gloss":"a scoundrel"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with подлец","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"разорвал","lemma":"разорвать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I tore up"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b9-c7-s104","source":"Понимаете теперь, понимаете!","translation":"Do you understand now, do you understand!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Понимаете","lemma":"понимать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you understand"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Понимаете","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"понимаете","lemma":"понимать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"repeated for emphasis, parallel to Понимаете","gloss":"do you understand"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b9-c7-s105","source":"— Почему же вы именно вчера вечером на это решились? — прервал было Николай Парфенович.","translation":"\"Why was it precisely last night that you resolved on it?\" Nikolai Parfenovich tried to put in.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"прервал было Николай Парфенович","title":"The particle «было» — an abandoned action","body":"«Прервал было» uses the special particle «было», which marks an action begun but cut short or undone: 'started to interrupt (but didn't get to finish)'. It is a uniquely Russian way to flag a move that misfires — the magistrate's question is overrun by Mitya."}],"words":[{"surface":"Почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies решились","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Почему","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of решились","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вчера","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies решились","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"вечером","lemma":"вечер","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of решились","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking это","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of решились","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"решились","lemma":"решиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did you resolve"},{"surface":"прервал","lemma":"прервать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"tried to interrupt"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"было","morphology":"auxiliary particle marking an interrupted action","role":"auxiliary modifying прервал","gloss":"but stopped","note":"было after a past-tense verb marks an action begun or attempted but cut short."},{"surface":"Николай","lemma":"Николай","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of прервал","gloss":"Nikolai"},{"surface":"Парфенович","lemma":"Парфёнович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Николай","gloss":"Parfenovich"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b9-c7-s106","source":"— Почему?","translation":"\"Why?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"why"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b9-c7-s107","source":"Смешно спрашивать: потому что осудил себя на смерть, в пять часов утра, здесь на рассвете: «Ведь всё равно, подумал, умирать, подлецом или благородным!»","translation":"It's absurd to ask: because I condemned myself to death, at five o'clock in the morning, here, at daybreak: 'After all,' I thought, 'it makes no difference whether one dies a scoundrel or a man of honour!'","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"осудил себя на смерть","title":"«осудить на» + accusative + reflexive «себя»","body":"«Осудить кого на что» ('to condemn someone to') governs «на» + accusative «на смерть» ('to death'); «себя» is the reflexive object — 'I condemned myself to death'. Perfective «осудил» fixes it as the decisive verdict he passed on himself."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"всё равно... умирать, подлецом или благородным","title":"«всё равно» + instrumental predicate","body":"«Всё равно» ('it makes no difference, all the same') frames the impersonal thought. «Умирать подлецом или благородным» puts the predicate role-nouns in the instrumental after the infinitive «умирать» — 'to die a scoundrel or a man of honour'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Смешно","lemma":"смешно","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it's absurd"},{"surface":"спрашивать","lemma":"спрашивать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on Смешно","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of осудил","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase потому","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"осудил","lemma":"осудить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the потому-что clause","gloss":"I condemned"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of осудил","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking смерть","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"смерть","lemma":"смерть","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of осудил","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking часов","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"пять","lemma":"пять","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"depends on часов","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"часов","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of осудил","gloss":"o'clock"},{"surface":"утра","lemma":"утро","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies часов","gloss":"in the morning"},{"surface":"здесь","lemma":"здесь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies осудил","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking рассвете","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"рассвете","lemma":"рассвет","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of осудил","gloss":"daybreak"},{"surface":"Ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies всё","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the impersonal predicate всё равно","gloss":"it's all"},{"surface":"равно","lemma":"равный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase всё равно","gloss":"the same","note":"всё равно = 'it makes no difference' — a fixed idiom."},{"surface":"подумал","lemma":"подумать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"parenthetical verb (I thought)","gloss":"I thought"},{"surface":"умирать","lemma":"умирать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"infinitive subject of всё равно","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"подлецом","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of умирать","gloss":"a scoundrel"},{"surface":"или","lemma":"или","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"благородным","lemma":"благородный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with подлецом","gloss":"an honorable man"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b9-c7-s108","source":"Так вот нет же, не всё равно оказалось!","translation":"Well, and there it is — no, it turned out it did make a difference!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Так вот нет же, не всё равно оказалось","title":"Insistent «нет же» + «оказалось»","body":"«Нет же» — «нет» reinforced by the insistent particle «же» — sharply reverses the prior thought: 'but no!'. «Оказалось» (impersonal perfective, 'it turned out') reports the discovery: «не всё равно», 'it did make a difference after all'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies нет","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies нет","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle, negation","role":"main predicate of the sentence","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies нет","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies всё","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase всё равно, subject of оказалось","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"равно","lemma":"равный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase всё равно","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"оказалось","lemma":"оказаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with нет","gloss":"it turned out"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b9-c7-s109","source":"Верите ли, господа, не то, не то меня мучило больше всего в эту ночь, что я старика слугу убил и что грозила Сибирь, и еще когда? — когда увенчалась любовь моя и небо открылось мне снова!","translation":"Would you believe it, gentlemen, that was not what tormented me most that night — not that I had killed the old servant and that Siberia threatened me, and that too just when? — just when my love was crowned and heaven opened to me again!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Верите ли, господа","title":"Interrogative «ли» in an appeal","body":"«Верите ли...?» ('would you believe...?') uses the particle «ли» to form the rhetorical question, fronting the verb «верите». It is an oratorical appeal to the listeners («господа», gentlemen) rather than a real request for an answer."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не то, не то меня мучило","title":"Fronted «не то» for contrastive focus","body":"«Не то... меня мучило» — 'it was not that which tormented me'. «То» ('that') is fronted and doubled for emphasis, setting up the contrast resolved only in the next sentence. Negation here targets the focused element, not the verb itself."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"увенчалась любовь моя и небо открылось","title":"Inceptive «-ся» verbs of completion","body":"«Увенчалась» ('was crowned', from «увенчать», to crown) and «открылось» ('opened') are perfective «-ся» verbs marking completed change of state. The exalted, almost liturgical imagery — love crowned, heaven opening — soars against the squalor of the money."}],"words":[{"surface":"Верите","lemma":"верить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the rhetorical question","gloss":"do you believe"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Верите","gloss":"(question particle)"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"vocative address","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"emphatic repetition, coordinated with то (subject of мучило)","gloss":"that","note":"Doubled 'не то, не то' is emphatic negation: 'not this, not that'."},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of мучило","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of мучило","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"мучило","lemma":"мучить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tormented"},{"surface":"больше","lemma":"больше","morphology":"numeral, comparative","role":"modifies мучило","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"всего","lemma":"всего","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of больше","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ночь","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ночь","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ночь","lemma":"ночь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of мучило","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of убил","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of убил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"старика","lemma":"старик","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies слугу","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"слугу","lemma":"слуга","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of убил","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"убил","lemma":"убить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of мучило","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of грозила","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"грозила","lemma":"грозить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with убил","gloss":"threatened"},{"surface":"Сибирь","lemma":"Сибирь","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of грозила","gloss":"Siberia"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies когда","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the rhetorical question","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of увенчалась","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"увенчалась","lemma":"увенчаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on открылось","gloss":"was crowned"},{"surface":"любовь","lemma":"любовь","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of увенчалась","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"моя","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of любовь","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"небо","lemma":"небо","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of открылось","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"открылось","lemma":"открыться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"мне","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of открылось","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"снова","lemma":"снова","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies открылось","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b9-c7-s110","source":"О, это мучило, но не так: всё же не так, как это проклятое сознание, что я сорвал наконец с груди эти проклятые деньги и их растратил, а стало быть, теперь уже вор окончательный!","translation":"Oh, that tormented me, but not in the same way: still not in the way that accursed awareness did — that I had at last torn that accursed money from my breast and spent it, and so was now an utter thief for good!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не так, как это проклятое сознание","title":"Comparative «не так, как» frame","body":"«Не так, как...» ('not in the way that...') sets up a comparison of degree of torment: nothing tormented him «так, как это проклятое сознание» — 'as much as that accursed awareness'. «Сознание» here is the consciousness/awareness of his act."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"проклятое","title":"«проклятый» — accursed","body":"«Проклятый» (from «проклясть», to curse) means accursed, damned. Mitya brands both the «сознание» and the «деньги» with it twice over — the money and the very knowledge of it are cursed objects, charged with a near-religious malediction."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"а стало быть, теперь уже вор окончательный","title":"«стало быть» — inferential 'and so'","body":"«Стало быть» ('therefore, consequently, and so') is a colloquial inferential marker drawing the conclusion. The verbless «теперь уже вор окончательный» ('now an utter thief for good') lands the verdict with no copula, just the bare nominative."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation, precedes это мучило","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of мучило","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"мучило","lemma":"мучить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tormented me"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies так","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies мучило (manner)","gloss":"in that way"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"particle","role":"part of phrase всё же","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies всё","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies так","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with так","gloss":"as much"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of сознание","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of сознание","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"проклятое","lemma":"проклятый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies сознание","gloss":"accursed"},{"surface":"сознание","lemma":"сознание","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement of как (standard of comparison)","gloss":"awareness"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of сорвал","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of сорвал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"сорвал","lemma":"сорвать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of сознание","gloss":"had torn"},{"surface":"наконец","lemma":"наконец","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сорвал","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking груди","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"груди","lemma":"грудь","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сорвал","gloss":"my breast"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of деньги","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"проклятые","lemma":"проклятый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, plural","role":"modifies деньги","gloss":"accursed"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of сорвал","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"их","lemma":"их","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of растратил","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"растратил","lemma":"растратить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with сорвал","gloss":"spent"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and so"},{"surface":"стало","lemma":"стать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"part of phrase стало быть (parenthetical)","gloss":"so","note":"стало быть = 'so, consequently' — a fixed parenthetical phrase."},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of стало","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"вор","lemma":"вор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement (subject я elided)","gloss":"a thief"},{"surface":"окончательный","lemma":"окончательный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вор","gloss":"utter"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b9-c7-s111","source":"О господа, повторяю вам с кровью сердца: много я узнал в эту ночь!","translation":"Oh gentlemen, I repeat it to you with the blood of my heart: I learned a great deal that night!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"с кровью сердца","title":"«с кровью сердца» — with the heart's blood","body":"A heightened, almost biblical idiom: 'with the blood of [my] heart', i.e. with utmost anguish and sincerity. The phrase pitches Mitya's confession at the register of martyrdom — speaking as if bleeding."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"много я узнал в эту ночь","title":"Fronted «много» for emphasis","body":"«Много я узнал» front-loads the object «много» ('much') before subject and verb, throwing the weight onto the quantity of what was learned. «Узнал» is perfective: a sum of insight gained, complete, in one night."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"vocative interjection introducing господа","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"vocative address","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"повторяю","lemma":"повторять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I repeat"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of повторяю","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking кровью","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"кровью","lemma":"кровь","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of повторяю","gloss":"the blood"},{"surface":"сердца","lemma":"сердце","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies кровью","gloss":"of the heart"},{"surface":"много","lemma":"много","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies узнал","gloss":"a great deal"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of узнал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"узнал","lemma":"узнать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the clause following the colon","gloss":"learned"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ночь","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ночь","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ночь","lemma":"ночь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of узнал","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b9-c7-s112","source":"Узнал я, что не только жить подлецом невозможно, но и умирать подлецом невозможно… Нет, господа, умирать надо честно!..","translation":"I learned that it is not only impossible to live as a scoundrel, but impossible to die as one too... No, gentlemen, one must die honourably!..","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не только жить подлецом невозможно, но и умирать подлецом невозможно","title":"«не только... но и» + impersonal «невозможно»","body":"The correlative «не только... но и» ('not only... but also') balances two impersonal predications with «невозможно» ('it is impossible'). «Жить/умирать подлецом» take the instrumental predicate «подлецом» after the infinitives — to live, and to die, as a scoundrel."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"умирать надо честно","title":"Impersonal «надо» of moral necessity","body":"«Надо» ('one must, it is necessary') is the impersonal modal of necessity — no nominative subject, the duty falling on no one and everyone. «Честно» ('honourably') is the adverb. This dative-less obligation gives the line the force of a universal law."}],"words":[{"surface":"Узнал","lemma":"узнать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I learned"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of Узнал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of жить","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the correlative phrase не только...но и","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the correlative phrase не только","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"жить","lemma":"жить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on невозможно","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"подлецом","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of жить","gloss":"as a scoundrel"},{"surface":"невозможно","lemma":"невозможно","morphology":"predicative adverb","role":"predicate of the что-clause","gloss":"is impossible"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the second correlative clause","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the correlative phrase но и","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"умирать","lemma":"умирать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on second невозможно","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"подлецом","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of умирать","gloss":"as a scoundrel"},{"surface":"невозможно","lemma":"невозможно","morphology":"predicative adverb","role":"coordinated with first невозможно","gloss":"is impossible"},{"surface":"Нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle","role":"interjection heading its own exclamation","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"vocative address","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"умирать","lemma":"умирать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"predicative adverb","role":"predicate governing умирать","gloss":"one must"},{"surface":"честно","lemma":"честно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies умирать","gloss":"honourably"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b9-c7-s113","source":"Митя был бледен.","translation":"Mitya was pale.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Митя был бледен","title":"Short adjective «бледен» in the past","body":"«Бледен» is the short (predicative) masculine form of «бледный» ('pale'). With past «был» it states the temporary condition — 'Mitya was pale'. The short form is the bookish, predicative norm for such a passing physical state."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of бледен","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"был","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to бледен","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"бледен","lemma":"бледный","morphology":"adjective, short form, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, head of the phrase","gloss":"pale"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b9-c7-s114","source":"Лицо его имело изможденный и измученный вид, несмотря на то, что он был до крайности разгорячен.","translation":"His face had a worn and exhausted look, in spite of the fact that he was heated in the extreme.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"изможденный и измученный вид","title":"Past passive participles as attributes","body":"«Изможденный» ('worn out, emaciated') and «измученный» ('exhausted, tormented') are past passive participles of «изможить» and «измучить», used attributively before «вид» ('look, appearance'). They agree with «вид» in the accusative, condensing whole histories of suffering into two adjectives."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"несмотря на то, что он был до крайности разгорячен","title":"Concessive «несмотря на то, что»","body":"«Несмотря на то, что...» ('in spite of the fact that...') is the standard concessive frame. «Разгорячен» is a short passive participle ('heated up, inflamed') predicated of him — the feverish heat that, despite his exhaustion, drives his speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Лицо","lemma":"лицо","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of имело","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"possessive modifier of Лицо","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"имело","lemma":"иметь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"изможденный","lemma":"изможденный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вид","gloss":"worn"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"измученный","lemma":"измученный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with изможденный","gloss":"exhausted"},{"surface":"вид","lemma":"вид","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of имело","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"несмотря","lemma":"несмотря","morphology":"adverb, part of the compound preposition несмотря на","role":"heads the phrase несмотря на, marking то","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase несмотря на","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"object of the preposition несмотря на","gloss":"the fact","note":"Idiom: несмотря на то, что = 'despite the fact that'."},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of разгорячен","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of разгорячен","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"был","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to разгорячен","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking крайности","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"крайности","lemma":"крайность","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of разгорячен","gloss":"the extreme"},{"surface":"разгорячен","lemma":"разгорячённый","morphology":"adjective, short form, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of был","gloss":"heated"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b9-c7-s115","source":"— Я начинаю вас понимать, Дмитрий Федорович, — мягко и даже как бы сострадательно протянул прокурор, — но всё это, воля ваша, по-моему, лишь нервы… болезненные нервы ваши, вот что-с.","translation":"\"I am beginning to understand you, Dmitri Fyodorovich,\" the prosecutor drawled gently, almost sympathetically, \"but all this, as you please, is to my mind merely nerves... your diseased nerves, that's what, sir.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"как бы сострадательно протянул","title":"Hedging «как бы» + manner adverb","body":"«Как бы» ('as it were, almost') hedges the adverb «сострадательно» ('sympathetically') — the prosecutor's compassion is performed, only seemingly felt. «Протянул» ('drawled') is the perfective speech verb, naming the slow, drawn-out delivery."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"болезненные нервы ваши","title":"Postposed possessive «ваши»","body":"«Нервы ваши» places the possessive «ваши» after the noun rather than before, a marked, emphatic order ('your nerves — yours'). The diagnosis «болезненные нервы» ('diseased nerves') reduces Mitya's moral agony to mere pathology — the law's cool deflation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of начинаю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"начинаю","lemma":"начинать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am beginning"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of понимать","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"понимать","lemma":"понимать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of начинаю","gloss":"to understand"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"Дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"Фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"мягко","lemma":"мягко","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies протянул","gloss":"gently"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies протянул","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase как бы, modifies протянул","gloss":"as","note":"Idiom: как бы = 'as if, almost'."},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как бы","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"сострадательно","lemma":"сострадательно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies протянул","gloss":"sympathetically"},{"surface":"протянул","lemma":"протянуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"drawled"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of протянул","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of это","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of the predicate нервы","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"воля","lemma":"воля","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the parenthetical phrase воля ваша","gloss":"your will","note":"Idiom: воля ваша = 'as you please/if you like', a parenthetical aside."},{"surface":"ваша","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of воля","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase по-моему, modifies нервы","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"моему","lemma":"мой","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase по-моему","gloss":"my opinion"},{"surface":"лишь","lemma":"лишь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies нервы","gloss":"merely"},{"surface":"нервы","lemma":"нерв","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"predicate nominal of это","gloss":"nerves"},{"surface":"болезненные","lemma":"болезненный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies second нервы","gloss":"diseased"},{"surface":"нервы","lemma":"нерв","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"restates the first нервы, head of the phrase","gloss":"nerves"},{"surface":"ваши","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of second нервы","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"that's"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"complement in the phrase вот что","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"с.","lemma":"-с","morphology":"particle, archaic deferential suffix","role":"attaches politely to что","gloss":"sir","note":"Archaic servile suffix '-с' (short for сударь), added for deferential politeness."}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b9-c7-s116","source":"И почему бы, например, вам, чтоб избавить себя от стольких мук, почти целого месяца, не пойти и не отдать эти полторы тысячи той особе, которая вам их доверила, и, уже объяснившись с нею, почему бы вам, ввиду вашего тогдашнего положения, столь ужасного, как вы его рисуете, не испробовать комбинацию, столь естественно представляющуюся уму, то есть после благородного признания ей в ваших ошибках, почему бы вам у ней же и не попросить потребную на ваши расходы сумму, в которой она, при великодушном сердце своем и видя ваше расстройство, уж конечно бы вам не отказала, особенно если бы под документ, или, наконец, хотя бы под такое же обеспечение, которое вы предлагали купцу Самсонову и госпоже Хохлаковой?","translation":"And why, for example, in order to spare yourself such torments, almost a whole month of them, did you not go and give that fifteen hundred back to the person who had entrusted it to you, and then, having had it out with her, why — in view of your situation at the time, so terrible, as you depict it — did you not try the combination that so naturally presents itself to the mind, that is, after a noble confession to her of your errors, why not ask her for the very sum you needed for your expenses, which she, with her magnanimous heart and seeing your distress, would surely not have refused you — especially against a document, or, finally, against the very same security you offered to the merchant Samsonov and to Madame Khokhlakova?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"почему бы вам... не пойти и не отдать","title":"«почему бы не» — softened reproachful suggestion","body":"«Почему бы вам не пойти?» ('why not go?') is the polite irrealis suggestion: «бы» softens it, dative «вам» names the one addressed, and the negated infinitives «не пойти и не отдать» carry the proposed action. The prosecutor wields this courteous frame across the whole vast sentence."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"объяснившись с нею","title":"Perfective gerund «объяснившись»","body":"«Объяснившись с нею» ('having had it out with her', «-ся» reciprocal of «объясниться») is a perfective past gerund naming the prior step before the next move. Such gerund chains are the engine of this single, breath-defying periodic sentence."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"столь естественно представляющуюся уму","title":"Present active participle + dative «уму»","body":"«Представляющуюся» is a present active «-ся» participle agreeing with «комбинацию» ('the combination presenting itself'), with «уму» the dative of the mind to which it presents. «Столь» ('so') is the bookish equivalent of «так» — period-elevated diction throughout."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"при... сердце своем... не отказала бы","title":"Reflexive possessive «свой» + counterfactual","body":"«При великодушном сердце своём» uses the reflexive possessive «своём» ('her own [heart]'), referring back to Katerina, the clause's logical subject. «Не отказала бы» (negated past + «бы») is the counterfactual: 'she surely would not have refused'."}],"words":[{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies не пойти / не отдать","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle","role":"conditional particle forming почему бы...не (reproachful question)","gloss":"would","note":"Idiom: почему бы вам не + infinitive = a reproachful 'why didn't you...'."},{"surface":"например","lemma":"например","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical, modifies почему","gloss":"for example"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"logical subject of не пойти","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"чтоб","lemma":"чтоб","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the purpose clause of избавить","gloss":"so as to"},{"surface":"избавить","lemma":"избавить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"purpose clause modifying не пойти / не отдать","gloss":"to spare"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of избавить","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мук","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"стольких","lemma":"столький","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"modifies мук","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"мук","lemma":"мука","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of от","gloss":"torments"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies целого","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"целого","lemma":"целый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies месяца","gloss":"a whole"},{"surface":"месяца","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"genitive of duration, in apposition to мук","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies пойти","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"пойти","lemma":"пойти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"main infinitive of the почему бы clause, coordinated with отдать","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies отдать","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"отдать","lemma":"отдать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with пойти","gloss":"give back"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of тысячи","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, accusative, feminine","role":"modifies тысячи","gloss":"fifteen hundred"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of отдать, with полторы","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"той","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of особе","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"особе","lemma":"особа","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of отдать","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"которая","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of доверила","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of доверила","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"их","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of доверила","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"доверила","lemma":"доверить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"relative clause on особе","gloss":"entrusted"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies объяснившись","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"объяснившись","lemma":"объясниться","morphology":"verb, converb, reflexive, perfective, past","role":"adverbial converb clause modifying не испробовать","gloss":"having had it out"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нею","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"нею","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of объяснившись","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies не испробовать","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle","role":"conditional particle forming почему бы...не","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"logical subject of не испробовать","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ввиду","lemma":"ввиду","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking положения","gloss":"in view of"},{"surface":"вашего","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of положения","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"тогдашнего","lemma":"тогдашний","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies положения","gloss":"then-current"},{"surface":"положения","lemma":"положение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ввиду","gloss":"situation"},{"surface":"столь","lemma":"столь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ужасного","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ужасного","lemma":"ужасный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies положения","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparative clause of рисуете","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of рисуете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of рисуете","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"рисуете","lemma":"рисовать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"comparative clause modifying положения","gloss":"depict"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies испробовать","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"испробовать","lemma":"испробовать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"main infinitive of the почему бы clause","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"комбинацию","lemma":"комбинация","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of испробовать","gloss":"combination"},{"surface":"столь","lemma":"столь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies естественно","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"естественно","lemma":"естественно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies представляющуюся","gloss":"naturally"},{"surface":"представляющуюся","lemma":"представляться","morphology":"verb, present, active, participle, feminine, singular, accusative, imperfective","role":"modifies комбинацию","gloss":"presenting itself"},{"surface":"уму","lemma":"ум","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of представляющуюся","gloss":"to the mind"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"particle, part of the phrase то есть","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"is","note":"Idiom: то есть = 'that is, i.e.'."},{"surface":"после","lemma":"после","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking признания","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"благородного","lemma":"благородный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies признания","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"признания","lemma":"признание","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of после","gloss":"confession"},{"surface":"ей","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of признания","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ошибках","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ваших","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, locative, plural","role":"determiner of ошибках","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ошибках","lemma":"ошибка","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"modifies признания","gloss":"errors"},{"surface":"почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies не попросить","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle","role":"conditional particle forming почему бы...не","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"logical subject of не попросить","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of the preposition у","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ней, emphatic","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies попросить","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"попросить","lemma":"попросить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"main infinitive of the почему бы clause","gloss":"ask for"},{"surface":"потребную","lemma":"потребный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies сумму","gloss":"needed"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking расходы","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ваши","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of расходы","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"расходы","lemma":"расход","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of потребную","gloss":"expenses"},{"surface":"сумму","lemma":"сумма","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of попросить","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking которой","gloss":"in respect of which"},{"surface":"которой","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"object of в, within the relative clause on сумму","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of отказала","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"при","lemma":"при","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking сердце","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"великодушном","lemma":"великодушный","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies сердце","gloss":"magnanimous"},{"surface":"сердце","lemma":"сердце","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of при","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"своем","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, locative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of сердце","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"видя","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial converb clause modifying отказала","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ваше","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of расстройство","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"расстройство","lemma":"расстройство","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of видя","gloss":"distress"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies конечно","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"конечно","lemma":"конечно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отказала","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"auxiliary of отказала","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of отказала","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies отказала","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"отказала","lemma":"отказать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the relative clause on сумму","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"особенно","lemma":"особенно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies документ","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause of документ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"part of the conditional если бы","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"под","lemma":"под","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking документ","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"документ","lemma":"документ","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of отказала","gloss":"a document"},{"surface":"или","lemma":"или","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"наконец","lemma":"наконец","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical, modifies обеспечение","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"хотя","lemma":"хотя","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase хотя бы, modifies обеспечение","gloss":"at least","note":"Idiom: хотя бы = 'at least, even just'."},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase хотя бы","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"под","lemma":"под","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking обеспечение","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"такое","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of обеспечение","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies такое, 'the very same'","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"обеспечение","lemma":"обеспечение","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with документ","gloss":"security"},{"surface":"которое","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of предлагали","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of предлагали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"предлагали","lemma":"предлагать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"relative clause on обеспечение","gloss":"offered"},{"surface":"купцу","lemma":"купец","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of предлагали","gloss":"merchant"},{"surface":"Самсонову","lemma":"Самсонов","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to купцу","gloss":"Samsonov"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"госпоже","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with купцу","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Хохлаковой","lemma":"Хохлакова","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпоже","gloss":"Khokhlakova"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b9-c7-s117","source":"Ведь считаете же вы даже до сих пор это обеспечение ценным?","translation":"For surely you reckon even now that this security is of value?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ведь считаете же вы","title":"Doubled particles «ведь... же»","body":"«Ведь... же» again stacks two modal particles — «ведь» appealing to what they both know, «же» insisting — to corner Mitya into agreement: 'for surely you do reckon...'. The prosecutor borrows Mitya's own pleading idiom against him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies считаете","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"считаете","lemma":"считать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you reckon"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies считаете","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of считаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies до сих пор","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase до сих пор, modifies считаете","gloss":"until","note":"Idiom: до сих пор = 'until now, still'."},{"surface":"сих","lemma":"сей","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"part of the phrase до сих пор","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"пор","lemma":"пора","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"part of the phrase до сих пор","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of обеспечение","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"обеспечение","lemma":"обеспечение","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of считаете","gloss":"security"},{"surface":"ценным","lemma":"ценный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of считаете","gloss":"valuable"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b9-c7-s118","source":"Митя вдруг покраснел:","translation":"Mitya suddenly flushed crimson:","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"вдруг покраснел","title":"Inceptive perfective «покраснел»","body":"«Покраснел» (perfective, prefix «по-» on «краснеть») marks the sudden onset of blushing — 'flushed red'. With «вдруг» ('suddenly'), the perfective pins the abrupt single change of colour, a wordless flash of wounded pride."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of покраснел","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies покраснел","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"покраснел","lemma":"покраснеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flushed"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b9-c7-s119","source":"— Неужто же вы меня считаете даже до такой уж степени подлецом?","translation":"\"Surely you don't take me for such a scoundrel as all that?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Неужто же","title":"«неужто» — incredulous 'surely not?'","body":"«Неужто» (a folksier variant of «неужели») is the particle of astonished disbelief — 'is it really possible that...?', 'surely not?'. Reinforced by «же», it conveys Mitya's wounded incredulity that the prosecutor could think so low of him."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"до такой уж степени подлецом","title":"«считать» + instrumental predicate","body":"«Считать кого подлецом» ('to consider someone a scoundrel') takes the predicate in the instrumental: «подлецом». «До такой степени» ('to such a degree') with the intensifying «уж» measures just how base he fears they think him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Неужто","lemma":"неужто","morphology":"particle","role":"interrogative particle heading the question, modifies считаете","gloss":"surely","note":"Colloquial/archaic particle expressing incredulous surprise, 'can it really be that...'."},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Неужто","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of считаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of считаете","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"считаете","lemma":"считать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"consider"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies степени","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking степени","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"такой","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of степени","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies такой","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"степени","lemma":"степень","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of до","gloss":"a degree"},{"surface":"подлецом","lemma":"подлец","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of считаете","gloss":"a scoundrel"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b9-c7-s120","source":"Не может быть, чтобы вы это серьезно!.. — проговорил он с негодованием, смотря в глаза прокурору и как бы не веря, что от него слышал.","translation":"\"It cannot be that you mean this seriously!..\" he said with indignation, looking the prosecutor in the eye and as though not believing what he had heard from him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Не может быть, чтобы вы это серьезно","title":"«чтобы» after «не может быть»","body":"«Не может быть, чтобы...» ('it can't be that...') governs a «чтобы»-clause in the irrealis — denying as impossible the very supposition. The clause «вы это серьёзно» is verbless ('that you [mean] this seriously'), the meaning carried by ellipsis."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"смотря в глаза прокурору и как бы не веря","title":"Imperfective gerunds of attendant action","body":"Two present (imperfective) gerunds, «смотря» ('looking') and «(не) веря» ('not believing'), describe what Mitya does as he speaks — simultaneous attendant circumstances sharing the main subject. «В глаза прокурору»: «в глаза» (accusative, into the eyes) + dative «прокурору» (of the person looked at)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies может","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of может","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of серьезно","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of the elliptical clause","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object in the elliptical clause","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"серьезно","lemma":"серьёзно","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate adverbial, clausal complement of может","gloss":"seriously"},{"surface":"проговорил","lemma":"проговорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of проговорил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking негодованием","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"негодованием","lemma":"негодование","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of проговорил","gloss":"indignation"},{"surface":"смотря","lemma":"смотреть","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on проговорил","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking глаза","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"глаза","lemma":"глаз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of смотря","gloss":"the eyes"},{"surface":"прокурору","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of смотря","gloss":"of the prosecutor"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase как бы, modifies веря","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как бы","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies веря","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"веря","lemma":"верить","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"coordinated with смотря","gloss":"believing"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of слышал","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking него","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"него","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of слышал","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"слышал","lemma":"слышать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of веря","gloss":"had heard"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b9-c7-s121","source":"— Уверяю вас, что серьезно… Почему вы думаете, что несерьезно? — удивился в свою очередь и прокурор.","translation":"\"I assure you that I mean it seriously… Why do you suppose it isn't serious?\" the prosecutor said, surprised in his turn.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"в свою очередь","title":"«в свою очередь» — 'in his turn'","body":"A set adverbial phrase, literally 'in one's own turn', with «свою» the reflexive possessive «свой» agreeing with feminine «очередь» in the accusative. It signals reciprocity: the prosecutor is now the one surprised, having just surprised Mitya."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Почему вы думаете, что несерьезно?","title":"«что» introducing a reported clause","body":"The subordinating conjunction «что» ('that') opens the embedded statement after «думаете». Note the comma before it, obligatory in Russian, and the dropped subject in «несерьезно» — a bare neuter predicative ('[it is] not serious')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Уверяю","lemma":"уверять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I assure"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of Уверяю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the elliptical clause серьезно","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"серьезно","lemma":"серьёзно","morphology":"adverb","role":"clausal complement of Уверяю","gloss":"it's serious"},{"surface":"Почему","lemma":"почему","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies думаете","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of думаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"думаете","lemma":"думать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you think"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of несерьезно","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"несерьезно","lemma":"несерьёзный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"clausal complement of думаете","gloss":"it isn't serious"},{"surface":"удивился","lemma":"удивиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was surprised"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking очередь","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"свою","lemma":"свой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of очередь","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"очередь","lemma":"очередь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of удивился","gloss":"turn","note":"Idiom: в свою очередь = 'in his/her turn'."},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic, modifies прокурор ('too')","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of удивился","gloss":"the prosecutor"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b9-c7-s122","source":"— О, как это было бы подло!","translation":"\"Oh, how vile that would have been!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"как это было бы подло","title":"Conditional «было бы» — 'how vile that would have been'","body":"The past-tense «было» plus the particle «бы» forms the irrealis: not a fact but a hypothetical, 'would have been'. «подло» is a short-form neuter adjective serving as the predicate of impersonal «это»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"подло","title":"«подло» — base, vile","body":"From «подлый», a strong moral word for 'base, mean, contemptible'. It and its noun «подлость» recur obsessively in Mitya's self-accusation through this passage; he is measuring the depth of his own potential baseness."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies подло","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of подло","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to подло","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"auxiliary of подло","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"подло","lemma":"подлый","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate adjective, head of the exclamatory clause","gloss":"vile"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b9-c7-s123","source":"Господа, знаете ли вы, что вы меня мучаете!","translation":"Gentlemen, do you realize that you are torturing me!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"знаете ли вы","title":"Interrogative particle «ли»","body":"The enclitic «ли» turns the verb into a pointed yes/no question by fronting the focused word: «знаете ли вы…» — 'do you (even) realize…'. It is more emphatic and literary than question intonation alone, here charged with reproach."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"мучаете","title":"«мучить» — to torment","body":"From «мучить» ('to torture, torment'), imperfective, here in its ongoing present sense — 'you are tormenting me'. The verb carries both physical and spiritual torture and runs through Dostoevsky as a key term for the suffering soul."}],"words":[{"surface":"Господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Gentlemen"},{"surface":"знаете","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знаете, marks the question","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of знаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of мучаете","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of мучаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of мучаете","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"мучаете","lemma":"мучить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of знаете","gloss":"are torturing"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b9-c7-s124","source":"Извольте, я вам всё скажу, так и быть, я вам теперь уже во всей моей инфернальности признаюсь, но чтобы вас же устыдить, и вы сами удивитесь, до какой подлости может дойти комбинация чувств человеческих.","translation":"Very well, I'll tell you everything, so be it — I'll confess to you now in all my infernal nature, but only to put you to shame, and you yourselves will be astonished at the depth of baseness to which a combination of human feelings can sink.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Извольте","title":"«извольте» — 'be so good as to / very well'","body":"An old polite imperative from «изволить» ('to be pleased to'). Used absolutely it means 'as you wish / very well, then', with a faintly ceremonious, deferential ring — Mitya yielding to the demand to confess."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"так и быть","title":"«так и быть» — 'so be it'","body":"A fixed idiom of grudging consent, 'so be it, all right then'. Literally 'thus [let it] even be', it concedes a point reluctantly — fitting Mitya's reluctant surrender to a humiliating confession."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"чтобы вас же устыдить","title":"Purpose «чтобы» + perfective infinitive","body":"«чтобы» ('in order to') governs the perfective infinitive «устыдить» ('to put to shame') to express purpose. The particle «же» reinforces «вас» — 'precisely you', turning the confession back on the questioners."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"до какой подлости может дойти комбинация чувств человеческих","title":"Bookish inversion and genitive chains","body":"«до какой подлости… дойти» ('to what baseness… can sink') uses «до» + genitive for a limit reached. «чувств человеческих» inverts noun and adjective ('feelings human') for rhetorical weight, and «чувств» is a bare genitive plural after «комбинация»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"инфернальности","title":"\"Infernal\" as a Karamazov keyword","body":"«Инфернальный» (from Latin infernus, 'of the underworld') is a bookish borrowing meaning hellish/demonic. It is a recurring word in the novel, especially around Grushenka, used to describe a destructive, hell-bent intensity of passion. Mitya applies it both to his own scheme and to Katerina Ivanovna's nature."}],"words":[{"surface":"Извольте","lemma":"изволить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"discourse marker introducing the offer (\"if you please\")","gloss":"Very well"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of скажу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of скажу","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of скажу","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"скажу","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'll tell"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom так и быть (\"so be it\")","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the idiom так и быть","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"part of the idiom так и быть, coordinated with скажу","gloss":"be it","note":"так и быть is a fixed idiom meaning \"so be it\"/\"very well.\""},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of признаюсь","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of признаюсь","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies признаюсь","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies признаюсь","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"во","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking инфернальности","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"всей","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, locative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of инфернальности","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"моей","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, locative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of инфернальности","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"инфернальности","lemma":"инфернальность","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of признаюсь","gloss":"infernal nature"},{"surface":"признаюсь","lemma":"признаваться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with скажу","gloss":"I confess"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"чтобы","lemma":"чтобы","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the purpose clause of устыдить","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of устыдить","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вас","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"устыдить","lemma":"устыдить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"purpose-clause verb, complement of чтобы","gloss":"to shame"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of удивитесь","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сами","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"intensifier modifying вы","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"удивитесь","lemma":"удивитесь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, second, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with признаюсь","gloss":"will be astonished"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking подлости","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"какой","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of подлости","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"подлости","lemma":"подлость","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of дойти","gloss":"baseness"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"auxiliary of дойти","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"дойти","lemma":"дойти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of может","gloss":"sink"},{"surface":"комбинация","lemma":"комбинация","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of может","gloss":"combination"},{"surface":"чувств","lemma":"чувство","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"modifies комбинация","gloss":"of feelings"},{"surface":"человеческих","lemma":"человеческий","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies чувств","gloss":"human"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b9-c7-s125","source":"Знайте же, что я уже имел эту комбинацию сам, вот эту самую, про которую вы сейчас говорили, прокурор!","translation":"Know, then, that I myself once had that very combination, the exact one you were just describing, prosecutor!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Знайте же","title":"Imperative «знайте» + insistent «же»","body":"«Знайте» is the polite/plural imperative of «знать» ('know!'), built with -й after the vowel stem and -те for plurality. The particle «же» adds urgent insistence — 'Know, then!', a solemn demand for attention."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"про которую вы сейчас говорили","title":"Relative «которую» in the accusative","body":"«которую» agrees with feminine «комбинацию» in gender and number but takes the case its own clause needs — here accusative after «про» ('about'). The comma sets off the relative clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Знайте","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Know"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Знайте","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of имел","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of имел","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies имел","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"имел","lemma":"иметь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of Знайте","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of комбинацию","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"комбинацию","lemma":"комбинация","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of имел","gloss":"combination"},{"surface":"сам","lemma":"сам","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"intensifier modifying я","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"particle emphasizing эту самую","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of самую","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"самую","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies комбинацию, in apposition","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"про","lemma":"про","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking которую","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"которую","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of говорили","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of говорили","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сейчас","lemma":"сейчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies говорили","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"говорили","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"relative clause modifying комбинацию","gloss":"were talking"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"prosecutor"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b9-c7-s126","source":"Да, господа, и у меня была эта мысль в этот проклятый месяц, так что почти уже решался идти к Кате, до того был подл!","translation":"Yes, gentlemen, I too harbored that thought during this accursed month, so that I had almost resolved to go to Katya — that is how base I was!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"почти уже решался идти к Кате","title":"Imperfective «решался» — wavering on the brink","body":"«решался» is the imperfective past of «решаться» ('to resolve, bring oneself to'), its «-ся» reflexive. The imperfective frames this not as a settled decision but as a recurring near-impulse — he 'kept almost resolving', never quite acting."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"до того был подл","title":"«до того… подл» — 'so base was I'","body":"«до того» means 'to such a degree', and «подл» is the short-form predicative adjective of «подлый», agreeing masculine singular with the implied 'I'. Short forms like this carry an absolute, bookish weight typical of 19th-century prose."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Кате","title":"«Катя» — the intimate for Katerina","body":"«Катя» is the affectionate diminutive of Katerina Ivanovna Verkhovtseva, here in the dative «к Кате» ('to Katya'). Mitya's slide from the formal «госпожа Верховцева» to bare «Катя» tracks his emotional intimacy and torment over her."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"проклятый месяц","title":"«проклятый» — accursed","body":"«проклятый» ('cursed, damned'), originally the past passive participle of «проклясть' ('to curse'), here functions as an ordinary adjective. It colors the whole month of his crisis with a sense of doom."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"vocative address","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of была","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"эта","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of мысль","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"мысль","lemma":"мысль","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of была","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking месяц","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of месяц","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"проклятый","lemma":"проклятый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"accursed"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of была","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase так что (\"so that\")","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase так что","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies решался","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies решался","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"решался","lemma":"решаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"verb of the так что result clause","gloss":"had resolved"},{"surface":"идти","lemma":"идти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of решался","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Кате","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Кате","lemma":"катя","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of идти","gloss":"Katya"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking того","gloss":"to such a degree"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of подл","gloss":"that","note":"до того ... был идиом = \"I was so base [that]...\""},{"surface":"был","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to подл","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"подл","lemma":"подлый","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, complement of был","gloss":"base"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b9-c7-s127","source":"Но идти к ней, объявить ей мою измену и на эту же измену, для исполнения же этой измены, для предстоящих расходов на эту измену, у ней же, у Кати же, просить денег (просить, слышите, просить!) и тотчас от нее же убежать с другою, с ее соперницей, с ее ненавистницей и обидчицей, — помилуйте, да вы с ума сошли, прокурор!","translation":"But to go to her, to announce my betrayal to her, and for that very betrayal, to carry out that betrayal, to cover the coming expenses of that betrayal, to ask her — Katya herself — for money (to ask, do you hear, to ask!) and then instantly to run off with another woman, her rival, the woman who hates and wrongs her — have mercy, why, you must be out of your mind, prosecutor!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"на эту же измену, для исполнения же этой измены, для предстоящих расходов на эту измену","title":"Anaphoric «же» hammering on «измена»","body":"Mitya repeats «измена» ('betrayal') four times across stacked prepositional phrases, each pinned by the insistent particle «же» ('that very'). The piling of «на эту же… для исполнения же… для расходов…» enacts his obsessive, self-lacerating logic through sheer grammatical repetition."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"у ней же, у Кати же, просить денег","title":"Genitive «денег» as object of «просить»","body":"«просить» ('to ask for') governs the genitive of the thing requested: «денег» (gen. pl. of «деньги»). «у ней… у Кати» (the person from whom) takes «у» + genitive. The doubled «у ней же, у Кати же» renames the same person for outraged emphasis."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ненавистницей и обидчицей","title":"Feminine agent-nouns in «-ница»","body":"«ненавистница» (one who hates) and «обидчица» (one who wrongs/offends) are feminine agent-nouns, here in the instrumental after «с» ('with'). The matched -ница endings give a rhetorical, almost incantatory parallel as Mitya heaps up Grushenka's offenses against Katya."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"помилуйте, да вы с ума сошли","title":"«с ума сойти» — to go out of one's mind","body":"«сошли» is the perfective past of «сойти» ('to go down/off'); the idiom «сойти с ума» ('to go off one's mind') means to go mad. «помилуйте» is a polite imperative used as an exclamation of protest ('have mercy!, come now!'), and «да» here is an emphatic particle, not 'yes'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"идти","lemma":"идти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"head infinitive of the rhetorical exclamation","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"ней","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of идти","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"объявить","lemma":"объявить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with идти","gloss":"to announce"},{"surface":"ей","lemma":"ей","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of объявить","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"мою","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of измену","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"измену","lemma":"измена","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of объявить","gloss":"betrayal"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking измену","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of измену","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies эту","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"измену","lemma":"измена","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of просить (goal)","gloss":"betrayal"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking исполнения","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"исполнения","lemma":"исполнение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of просить (purpose)","gloss":"carrying out"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies исполнения","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of измены","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"измены","lemma":"измена","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies исполнения","gloss":"betrayal"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking расходов","gloss":"to cover"},{"surface":"предстоящих","lemma":"предстоять","morphology":"verb, present, active, participle, plural, genitive, imperfective","role":"modifies расходов","gloss":"upcoming"},{"surface":"расходов","lemma":"расход","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of просить (purpose)","gloss":"expenses"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking измену","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of измену","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"измену","lemma":"измена","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies расходов","gloss":"betrayal"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"ней","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of просить","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ней","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Кати","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Кати","lemma":"катя","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"appositive of ней","gloss":"Katya"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Кати","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"просить","lemma":"просить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with идти","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"денег","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"direct object of просить","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"просить","lemma":"просить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"repetition of просить (emphasis)","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"слышите","lemma":"слышать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"parenthetical (\"do you hear\")","gloss":"do you hear"},{"surface":"просить","lemma":"просить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"repetition of просить (emphasis)","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"тотчас","lemma":"тотчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies убежать","gloss":"instantly"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нее","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"нее","lemma":"нее","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of убежать","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies нее","gloss":"that same"},{"surface":"убежать","lemma":"убежать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with идти","gloss":"to run off"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking другою","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"другою","lemma":"другой","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of убежать","gloss":"another woman"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking соперницей","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"её","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of соперницей","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"соперницей","lemma":"соперница","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with другою","gloss":"rival"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ненавистницей","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"её","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ненавистницей","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ненавистницей","lemma":"ненавистница","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with другою","gloss":"hater"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"обидчицей","lemma":"обидчица","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with другою","gloss":"wrongdoer"},{"surface":"помилуйте","lemma":"помиловать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"interjection, imperative of mercy","gloss":"have mercy"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"intensifying particle before вы","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of сошли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ума","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ума","lemma":"ум","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сошли","gloss":"your mind"},{"surface":"сошли","lemma":"сойти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the exclamation","gloss":"have gone","note":"сойти с ума is the idiom \"to go out of one's mind.\""},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"prosecutor"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b9-c7-s128","source":"— С ума не с ума, но, конечно, я сгоряча не сообразил… насчет этой самой вот женской ревности… если тут действительно могла быть ревность, как вы утверждаете… да, пожалуй, тут есть нечто в этом роде, — усмехнулся прокурор.","translation":"\"Out of my mind or not, I confess that in the heat of the moment I didn't take into account… that very feminine jealousy of yours… if there really could be jealousy here, as you maintain… yes, perhaps there is something of the sort in it,\" the prosecutor said with a faint smile.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"сгоряча","title":"«сгоряча» — in the heat of the moment","body":"An adverb (literally 'from the hot', from «горячий») meaning 'in a fit of temper, hastily, on the spur of the moment'. The prosecutor concedes he 'didn't think it through' in the heat of his own argument."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"если тут действительно могла быть ревность","title":"Conditional «если… могла бы» softened","body":"«если» opens a real-condition clause; «могла быть» is the imperfective past 'could be'. The prosecutor's hedged concession — «да, пожалуй, тут есть нечто в этом роде» — shows the diplomatic, non-committal register of his speech."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"усмехнулся","title":"«усмехнуться» — to smile faintly / smirk","body":"Perfective «усмехнуться» (with «-ся») denotes a small, often ironic or knowing smile — a smirk, not a warm one. Dostoevsky uses it to flag the prosecutor's faintly superior, skeptical amusement."}],"words":[{"surface":"С","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ума","gloss":"Out of"},{"surface":"ума","lemma":"ум","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"head of the elliptical phrase","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies the second с ума phrase","gloss":"or not"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ума","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ума","lemma":"ум","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with ума (first)","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"конечно","lemma":"конечно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сообразил","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of сообразил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"сгоряча","lemma":"сгоряча","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сообразил","gloss":"in the heat of the moment"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies сообразил","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"сообразил","lemma":"сообразить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took into account"},{"surface":"насчет","lemma":"насчёт","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ревности","gloss":"regarding"},{"surface":"этой","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ревности","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"самой","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies этой","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies женской","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"женской","lemma":"женский","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ревности","gloss":"feminine"},{"surface":"ревности","lemma":"ревность","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of насчет","gloss":"jealousy"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of могла","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies могла","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"действительно","lemma":"действительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies могла","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"могла","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"verb of the если-clause","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of могла","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ревность","lemma":"ревность","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of могла","gloss":"jealousy"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of утверждаете","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of утверждаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"утверждаете","lemma":"утверждать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on могла","gloss":"maintain"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"parallel clause to есть","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"пожалуй","lemma":"пожалуй","morphology":"adverb","role":"parallel clause to есть","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies есть","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"нечто","lemma":"нечто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of есть","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking роде","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"этом","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, locative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of роде","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"роде","lemma":"род","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies нечто","gloss":"sort"},{"surface":"усмехнулся","lemma":"усмехнуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the narration","gloss":"said with a smirk"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of усмехнулся","gloss":"the prosecutor"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b9-c7-s129","source":"— Но это была бы уж такая мерзость, — свирепо ударил Митя кулаком по столу, — это так бы воняло, что уж я и не знаю!","translation":"\"But that would have been such an abomination,\" Mitya brought his fist down savagely on the table, \"it would have stunk so badly that I just don't know!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"это была бы уж такая мерзость… это так бы воняло","title":"Doubled conditional «была бы… бы воняло»","body":"Two hypotheticals: «была бы» ('would have been') and «так бы воняло» ('it would have stunk so'). Note how «бы» floats away from its verb in «так бы воняло», leaning on the stressed «так» — the mobile particle attaching to the focal word."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"воняло","title":"«вонять» — to stink (coarse register)","body":"«вонять» means literally 'to stink, reek'. Mitya's lurch from the abstract «мерзость» ('abomination') to the crude, physical «воняло» ('it would have stunk') is pure Karamazov — moral horror voiced in gut, bodily terms."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"свирепо ударил Митя кулаком по столу","title":"«свирепо» + instrumental «кулаком»","body":"«свирепо» ('savagely, ferociously') describes the blow; «кулаком» is the instrumental of «кулак» ('fist') — the means of striking. «по столу» ('on/along the table') takes «по» + dative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of была","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"would have been"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"conditional particle marking была","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies такая","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"такая","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of мерзость","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"мерзость","lemma":"мерзость","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of была","gloss":"abomination"},{"surface":"свирепо","lemma":"свирепо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ударил","gloss":"savagely"},{"surface":"ударил","lemma":"ударить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ударил","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"кулаком","lemma":"кулак","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ударил","gloss":"with his fist"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking столу","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"столу","lemma":"стол","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ударил","gloss":"the table"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of воняло","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies воняло","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"conditional particle marking воняло","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"воняло","lemma":"вонять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"would stink"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of знаю","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies я","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of знаю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of воняло","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b9-c7-s130","source":"Да знаете ли вы, что она могла бы мне дать эти деньги, да и дала бы, наверно дала бы, из отмщения мне дала бы, из наслаждения мщением, из презрения ко мне дала бы, потому что это тоже инфернальная душа и великого гнева женщина!","translation":"Do you know that she could have given me that money — and would have given it, would certainly have given it, given it out of revenge against me, out of the delight of revenge, out of contempt for me she would have given it, because she too is an infernal soul, a woman of mighty wrath!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"она могла бы мне дать… да и дала бы… дала бы, из отмщения мне дала бы","title":"Conditional «дала бы» repeated like a refrain","body":"The perfective past «дала» + «бы» ('she would have given') recurs four times, two of them preceded by a motive in «из» + genitive ('out of revenge… out of contempt'). The incantatory repetition of «дала бы» drives home Mitya's certainty about Katya's vengeful generosity."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"из отмщения… из наслаждения мщением… из презрения ко мне","title":"«из» + genitive of motive","body":"The preposition «из» ('out of, from') governs the genitive to express cause or motive: «из отмщения» (out of revenge), «из наслаждения» (out of delight), «из презрения» (out of contempt). «мщением» within is instrumental — 'delight in revenge'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"отмщения… мщением","title":"«отмщение» / «мщение» — vengeance (elevated)","body":"Both are bookish, somewhat archaic words for revenge, more solemn than the everyday «месть». «мщение» especially carries a Biblical, almost liturgical gravity ('Vengeance is mine'), heightening Mitya's vision of Katya as a figure of wrath."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"великого гнева женщина","title":"Genitive of quality: 'a woman of mighty wrath'","body":"«великого гнева» (genitive of «великий гнев») modifies «женщина' to express an attribute — 'a woman of great wrath'. Placing the heavy genitive phrase before the noun is a deliberately elevated, almost epic word order."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"знаете","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"question particle modifying знаете","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of знаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of могла","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of могла","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"могла","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of знаете","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of могла","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"мне","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of могла","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"дать","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могла","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of деньги","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of дать","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the phrase да и","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"дала","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with могла","gloss":"would have given"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of дала","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"наверно","lemma":"наверно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies дала","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"дала","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"repetition of дала (emphasis)","gloss":"would have given"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of дала","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking отмщения","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"отмщения","lemma":"отмщение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of дала","gloss":"revenge"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"мне","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"complement of отмщения","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"дала","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"repetition of дала (emphasis)","gloss":"would have given"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of дала","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking наслаждения","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"наслаждения","lemma":"наслаждение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of дала","gloss":"delight"},{"surface":"мщением","lemma":"мщение","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"modifies наслаждения","gloss":"in vengeance"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking презрения","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"презрения","lemma":"презрение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of дала","gloss":"contempt"},{"surface":"ко","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мне","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"мне","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"modifies презрения","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"дала","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"repetition of дала (emphasis)","gloss":"would have given"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of дала","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase потому что (\"because\")","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase потому что","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of душа","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"тоже","lemma":"тоже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies инфернальная","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"инфернальная","lemma":"инфернальный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies душа","gloss":"infernal"},{"surface":"душа","lemma":"душа","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun (это ... душа)","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"великого","lemma":"великий","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies гнева","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"гнева","lemma":"гнев","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies женщина","gloss":"of wrath"},{"surface":"женщина","lemma":"женщина","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of это, coordinated with душа","gloss":"a woman"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b9-c7-s131","source":"Я-то бы деньги взял, о, взял бы, взял, и тогда всю жизнь… о боже!","translation":"And I — I would have taken the money, oh, I would have taken it, taken it, and then my whole life… oh God!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Я-то бы деньги взял, о, взял бы, взял","title":"Emphatic clitic «-то» and stuttering conditional","body":"The hyphenated «-то» on «Я-то» singles out the topic — 'I, for my part'. Then «взял бы… взял бы… взял» oscillates between the conditional «взял бы» ('would have taken') and the bare past «взял», as if the hypothetical keeps collapsing into a confessed fact."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"о боже","title":"«боже» — the Church-Slavonic vocative","body":"«боже» is the old vocative of «Бог» ('God'), surviving in exclamation and prayer where modern Russian otherwise uses the nominative. Mitya's recurring «о боже!» throughout this scene gives his anguish a half-prayerful, sacred coloring."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of взял","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic particle attached to Я (\"as for me\")","gloss":"for my part"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of взял","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of взял","gloss":"the money"},{"surface":"взял","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would have taken"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"взял","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with взял (first)","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of взял","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"взял","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"repetition of взял (emphasis)","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies жизнь","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"всю","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of жизнь","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"жизнь","lemma":"жизнь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"fragment, object of an implied verb","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"боже","lemma":"бог","morphology":"noun, vocative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"God"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b9-c7-s132","source":"Простите, господа, я потому так кричу, что у меня была эта мысль еще так недавно, еще всего только третьего дня, именно когда я ночью с Лягавым возился, и потом вчера, да, и вчера, весь день вчера, я помню это, до самого этого случая…","translation":"Forgive me, gentlemen, I'm shouting like this because I held that thought so very recently — only the day before yesterday, in fact, the very night I was wrestling with Lyagavy, and then yesterday, yes, yesterday too, all day yesterday, I remember it, right up until this whole business…","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"третьего дня","title":"«третьего дня» — 'the day before yesterday'","body":"A frozen genitive-of-time idiom meaning 'the day before yesterday' (literally 'of the third day'). It belongs to a slightly old-fashioned register, the natural speech of Dostoevsky's period."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"когда я ночью с Лягавым возился","title":"Imperfective «возился» + instrumental «ночью»","body":"«возился» is the imperfective past of «возиться» ('to busy/struggle/fuss with', here 'to wrestle with'), its «-ся» middle. «ночью» is the instrumental of «ночь» used adverbially ('at night, by night'), a common time-expression use of the instrumental."}],"words":[{"surface":"Простите","lemma":"простить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Forgive me"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"vocative address","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of кричу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies кричу","gloss":"that's why"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies кричу","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"кричу","lemma":"кричать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am shouting"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of была","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"oblique complement of была","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of кричу","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"эта","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of мысль","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"мысль","lemma":"мысль","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of была","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies так","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies недавно","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"недавно","lemma":"недавно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies была","gloss":"recently"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies всего","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"всего","lemma":"всего","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies третьего","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies третьего","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"третьего","lemma":"третий","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies дня","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"дня","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of была","gloss":"yesterday","note":"третьего дня is an idiom meaning \"the day before yesterday.\""},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes когда","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of возился","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of возился","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ночью","lemma":"ночь","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of возился","gloss":"at night"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Лягавым","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Лягавым","lemma":"лягавый","morphology":"proper noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"object of с, complement of возился","gloss":"Lyagavy"},{"surface":"возился","lemma":"возиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on была","gloss":"was wrestling"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"потом","lemma":"потом","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вчера","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with возился","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"repetition of вчера (emphasis)","gloss":"yesterday too"},{"surface":"весь","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of день","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"день","lemma":"день","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with вчера","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies день","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of помню","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"помню","lemma":"помнить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb, coordinated with кричу","gloss":"I remember"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of помню","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking случая","gloss":"up until"},{"surface":"самого","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies случая","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"этого","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of случая","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"случая","lemma":"случай","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of помню","gloss":"business"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b9-c7-s133","source":"— До какого случая? — ввернул было Николай Парфенович с любопытством, но Митя не расслышал.","translation":"\"Up until what business?\" Nikolai Parfenovich put in with curiosity, but Mitya did not catch it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ввернул было Николай Парфенович","title":"The particle «было» — an interrupted action","body":"«было» after a perfective past marks an action begun or attempted but checked or undone: Nikolai Parfenovich 'started to put in' the question — and it went nowhere, since Mitya didn't hear. This «было» (distinct from the verb 'was') is a hallmark of literary Russian."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ввернул","title":"«ввернуть» — to slip in (a word)","body":"Literally 'to screw in', «ввернуть» idiomatically means to insert a remark or question deftly into a conversation. It captures the magistrate quietly slipping his query into Mitya's flood of speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"До","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking случая","gloss":"up until"},{"surface":"какого","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of случая","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"случая","lemma":"случай","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"business"},{"surface":"ввернул","lemma":"ввернуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put in"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"particle, past, marks an inconsequential action","role":"modifies ввернул","gloss":"as it were"},{"surface":"Николай","lemma":"николай","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ввернул","gloss":"Nikolai"},{"surface":"Парфенович","lemma":"парфёнович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Николай","gloss":"Parfenovich"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking любопытством","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"любопытством","lemma":"любопытство","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ввернул","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of расслышал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies расслышал","gloss":"did not"},{"surface":"расслышал","lemma":"расслышать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with ввернул","gloss":"catch it"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b9-c7-s134","source":"— Я сделал вам страшное признание, — мрачно заключил он. — Оцените же его, господа.","translation":"\"I have made you a terrible confession,\" he concluded gloomily. \"So appreciate it, gentlemen.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"мрачно заключил он","title":"Adverb «мрачно» + inverted subject","body":"«мрачно» ('gloomily, darkly') modifies «заключил» ('concluded'). The verb-before-subject order «заключил он» is the standard pattern for speech attributions in narration — the said-word leads, the speaker follows."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Оцените же его","title":"Imperative «оцените» + appealing «же»","body":"«Оцените» is the perfective polite imperative of «оценить» ('to appreciate, value'). The particle «же» turns the command into an urgent appeal — 'do appreciate it, then!' — setting up the wordplay with «цените» in the next segment."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of сделал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"сделал","lemma":"сделать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have made"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of сделал","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"страшное","lemma":"страшный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies признание","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"признание","lemma":"признание","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of сделал","gloss":"confession"},{"surface":"мрачно","lemma":"мрачно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies заключил","gloss":"gloomily"},{"surface":"заключил","lemma":"заключить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"parallel clause to сделал","gloss":"concluded"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of заключил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Оцените","lemma":"оценить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"appreciate"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Оцените","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"его","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Оцените","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with его","gloss":"gentlemen"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b9-c7-s135","source":"Да мало того, мало оценить, не оцените, а цените его, а если нет, если и это пройдет мимо ваших душ, то тогда уже вы прямо не уважаете меня, господа, вот что я вам говорю, и я умру от стыда, что признался таким, как вы!","translation":"And that's not enough — it is not enough to appreciate it, you must not merely appreciate it but prize it, and if you don't, if this too passes your souls by, then you simply have no respect for me, gentlemen, that is what I'm telling you, and I shall die of shame at having confessed to men like you!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"не оцените, а цените","title":"Aspect play: «оценить» vs «ценить»","body":"Mitya draws a fine aspectual distinction the translation renders as 'appreciate' vs 'prize'. «оценить» (perfective) is to appraise/assess once; «ценить» (imperfective) is to value continuously. He demands not a single act of appraisal but ongoing esteem."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"если и это пройдет мимо ваших душ","title":"Perfective future «пройдет» in a condition","body":"«пройдет» is the perfective (simple) future of «пройти' — 'will pass by'. «мимо ваших душ» ('past your souls') uses «мимо» + genitive. The future-in-condition projects the feared outcome that his confession will leave them unmoved."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"что признался таким, как вы","title":"Dative addressee of «признаться»","body":"«признался» (perfective of «признаться», to confess) governs the dative of the one confessed to — here implied 'to men «таким, как вы»'. «таким» is the dative of «такой» ('such [men]'), agreeing with the dropped «людям»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies мало","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"мало","lemma":"мало","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the idiom мало того","gloss":"not enough"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"того","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of мало","gloss":"than that"},{"surface":"мало","lemma":"мало","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies оценить","gloss":"not enough"},{"surface":"оценить","lemma":"оценить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on мало","gloss":"to appreciate"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies оцените","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"оцените","lemma":"оценить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with мало","gloss":"merely appreciate"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"цените","lemma":"ценить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with оцените","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"его","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of цените","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of нет","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial clause on уважаете","gloss":"you don't"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of пройдет","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies пройдет","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of пройдет","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"пройдет","lemma":"пройти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on нет","gloss":"passes by"},{"surface":"мимо","lemma":"мимо","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking душ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"ваших","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of душ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"душ","lemma":"душа","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of пройдет","gloss":"souls"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of уважаете","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"тогда","lemma":"тогда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies уважаете","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies уважаете","gloss":"simply"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of уважаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"прямо","lemma":"прямо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies уважаете","gloss":"directly"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies уважаете","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"уважаете","lemma":"уважать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with оцените","gloss":"respect"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of уважаете","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with меня","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"this is"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"direct object of говорю","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of говорю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of говорю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"говорю","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on уважаете","gloss":"am telling"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of умру","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"умру","lemma":"умереть","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with говорю","gloss":"shall die"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стыда","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"стыда","lemma":"стыд","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of умру","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause modifying стыда","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"признался","lemma":"признаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"clause modifying стыда","gloss":"confessed"},{"surface":"таким","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of вы","gloss":"to such"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with вы","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"oblique complement of признался","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b9-c7-s136","source":"О, я застрелюсь!","translation":"Oh, I'll shoot myself!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"застрелюсь","title":"Reflexive perfective future «застрелюсь»","body":"«застрелюсь» is the perfective future of «застрелиться» ('to shoot oneself'), 1st person singular. The «-сь» (post-vowel «-ся») here is genuinely reflexive — the action turns back on the speaker. A conjugated perfective form like this expresses a single future act."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"parallel clause to застрелюсь","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of застрелюсь","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"застрелюсь","lemma":"застрелиться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, first, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will shoot myself"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b9-c7-s137","source":"Да я уже вижу, вижу, что вы мне не верите!","translation":"Why, I can see it already, I can see that you don't believe me!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"вижу, вижу, что вы мне не верите","title":"«верить» + dative object","body":"«верить» ('to believe, trust') governs the dative of the person trusted: «мне не верите» — 'you don't believe me (lit. to me)'. The doubled «вижу, вижу» ('I see, I see') is emphatic repetition of the imperfective present."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of вижу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вижу","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"вижу","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can see"},{"surface":"вижу","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with вижу","gloss":"can see"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of верите","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of верите","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"мне","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of верите","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies верите","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"верите","lemma":"верить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of вижу","gloss":"believe"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b9-c7-s138","source":"Как, так вы и это хотите записывать? — вскричал он уже в испуге.","translation":"What, so you mean to write this down too?\" he cried out, now in alarm.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"так вы и это хотите записывать","title":"Imperfective «записывать» after «хотеть»","body":"«хотите записывать» pairs 'want' with the imperfective infinitive 'to be writing down', stressing the ongoing, repeated act of recording. The particle «и» before «это» means 'even this' — alarm that they would set down even his self-incrimination."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"в испуге","title":"«в испуге» — in fright","body":"«испуг» is sudden fright or alarm; «в испуге» ('in [a state of] fright') is a common «в» + prepositional phrase of emotional state. «вскричал» ('cried out', perfective) marks the abrupt outburst."}],"words":[{"surface":"Как","lemma":"как","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies хотите","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of хотите","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies это","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of записывать","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"хотите","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mean to"},{"surface":"записывать","lemma":"записывать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of хотите","gloss":"write down"},{"surface":"вскричал","lemma":"вскричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"parallel clause to хотите","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вскричал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies в испуге","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking испуге","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"испуге","lemma":"испуг","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вскричал","gloss":"fright"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b9-c7-s139","source":"— Да вот что вы сейчас сказали, — в удивлении смотрел на него Николай Парфенович, — то есть что вы до самого последнего часа всё еще располагали идти к госпоже Верховцевой просить у нее эту сумму… Уверяю вас, что это очень важное для нас показание, Дмитрий Федорович, то есть про весь этот случай… и особенно для вас, особенно для вас важное.","translation":"\"Why, what you've just said,\" Nikolai Parfenovich looked at him in astonishment, \"namely that right up to the very last hour you still meant to go to Madame Verkhovtseva to ask her for that sum… I assure you that this is very important testimony for us, Dmitri Fyodorovich — that is, the whole business — and especially important for you, especially for you.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"располагали идти к госпоже Верховцевой просить у нее эту сумму","title":"Imperfective «располагали» + chain of infinitives","body":"«располагали» (imperfective past of «располагать», here 'to intend, mean to') is followed by a chain of infinitives «идти… просить» ('to go… to ask'). The imperfective frames a standing intention held 'right up to the very last hour'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"показание","title":"«показание» — testimony, deposition","body":"A legal term (from «показать», 'to show/state') for a witness's or suspect's formal statement on the record. The magistrate's repetition that this is «важное показание» — important and 'especially for you' — quietly signals how the confession could exonerate Mitya."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"direct object of сказали","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of сказали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сейчас","lemma":"сейчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сказали","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"сказали","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking удивлении","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"удивлении","lemma":"удивление","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of смотрел","gloss":"astonishment"},{"surface":"смотрел","lemma":"смотреть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to сказали","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking него","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"него","lemma":"него","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of смотрел","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Николай","lemma":"николай","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of смотрел","gloss":"Nikolai"},{"surface":"Парфенович","lemma":"парфёнович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Николай","gloss":"Parfenovich"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle, part of the idiom то есть","role":"introduces the clause of располагали","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, part of the idiom то есть","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of располагали","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of располагали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking часа","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"самого","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies последнего","gloss":"the very"},{"surface":"последнего","lemma":"последний","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies часа","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"часа","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of располагали","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the idiom всё еще","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies располагали","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"располагали","lemma":"располагать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to сказали","gloss":"intended"},{"surface":"идти","lemma":"идти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of располагали","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking госпоже","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"госпоже","lemma":"госпожа","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of идти","gloss":"Madame"},{"surface":"Верховцевой","lemma":"верховцева","morphology":"proper noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to госпоже","gloss":"Verkhovtseva"},{"surface":"просить","lemma":"просить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of идти","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нее","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"нее","lemma":"нее","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of просить","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of сумму","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"сумму","lemma":"сумма","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of просить","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"Уверяю","lemma":"уверять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I assure"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of Уверяю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of важное","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of the clause","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"очень","lemma":"очень","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies важное","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"важное","lemma":"важный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies показание","gloss":"important"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нас","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"нас","lemma":"нас","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"oblique complement of важное","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"показание","lemma":"показание","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of это","gloss":"testimony"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address, parallel to Уверяю","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle, part of the idiom то есть","role":"introduces the clause of случай","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, part of the idiom то есть","role":"part of the phrase то есть","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"про","lemma":"про","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking случай","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"весь","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of случай","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of случай","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"случай","lemma":"случай","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to показание","gloss":"business"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"особенно","lemma":"особенно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies важное","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"oblique complement of важное","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"особенно","lemma":"особенно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies важное","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"oblique complement of важное","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"важное","lemma":"важный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"important"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b9-c7-s140","source":"— Помилосердуйте, господа, — всплеснул руками Митя, — хоть этого-то не пишите, постыдитесь!","translation":"\"Have pity, gentlemen,\" Mitya threw up his hands, \"at least don't write that down, for shame!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Помилосердуйте","title":"«помилосердуйте» — 'have mercy / for pity's sake'","body":"An emphatic, somewhat old-fashioned imperative from «милосердствовать» ('to show mercy', rooted in «милосердие», compassion). Stronger and more pleading than the plainer «помилуйте», it casts Mitya's protest in near-religious terms of mercy."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"хоть этого-то не пишите","title":"Genitive of negation «этого» + clitic «-то»","body":"Under negation the object «это» shifts to genitive «этого» after «не пишите». «хоть» means 'at least', and the clitic «-то» singles it out — 'at least don't write this part'. «постыдитесь» is the imperative 'have some shame!'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Помилосердуйте","lemma":"помилосердовать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have pity"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Помилосердуйте","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"всплеснул","lemma":"всплеснуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"parallel clause to Помилосердуйте","gloss":"threw up"},{"surface":"руками","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of всплеснул","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of всплеснул","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"хоть","lemma":"хоть","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of пишите","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"этого","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of пишите","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes этого","gloss":"particularly"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies пишите","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"пишите","lemma":"писать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to всплеснул","gloss":"write"},{"surface":"постыдитесь","lemma":"постыдиться","morphology":"verb, imperative, middle, second, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with пишите","gloss":"for shame"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b9-c7-s141","source":"Ведь я, так сказать, душу мою разорвал пополам пред вами, а вы воспользовались и роетесь пальцами по разорванному месту в обеих половинах… О боже!","translation":"Why, I have, so to speak, torn my soul in two before you, and you take advantage of it and go rummaging with your fingers through the torn place in both halves… Oh God!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ведь я… душу мою разорвал пополам пред вами","title":"Appealing particle «ведь» + archaic «пред»","body":"«Ведь» opens the sentence as an appeal to shared knowledge — 'why, after all'. «пред» is the bookish, elevated form of «перед» ('before'), governing the instrumental «вами». Together they raise the register of Mitya's anguished image."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"роетесь пальцами по разорванному месту","title":"«рыться» — to rummage, dig","body":"«роетесь» (imperfective, with «-ся») is 'you are rummaging/digging'. «пальцами» is the instrumental ('with your fingers') and «по разорванному месту» ('over the torn place') uses «по» + dative. The image — fingers groping in the torn halves of a soul — is grotesquely physical, vintage Dostoevsky."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"разорванному месту","title":"Past passive participle «разорванному»","body":"«разорванный» ('torn apart') is the past passive participle of perfective «разорвать», declined here as a dative adjective agreeing with «месту». Such participles in «-нный» turn a completed action into a modifier — 'the torn place'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies разорвал","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of разорвал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сказать","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"сказать","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on разорвал","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"душу","lemma":"душа","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of разорвал","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"мою","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of душу","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"разорвал","lemma":"разорвать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have torn"},{"surface":"пополам","lemma":"пополам","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies разорвал","gloss":"in two"},{"surface":"пред","lemma":"перед","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вами","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"вами","lemma":"вами","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"oblique complement of разорвал","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of воспользовались","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"воспользовались","lemma":"воспользоваться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with разорвал","gloss":"took advantage"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"роетесь","lemma":"рыться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, second, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with разорвал","gloss":"go rummaging"},{"surface":"пальцами","lemma":"палец","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, plural","role":"instrumental complement of роетесь","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking месту","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"разорванному","lemma":"разорванный","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies месту","gloss":"torn"},{"surface":"месту","lemma":"место","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of роетесь","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking половинах","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"обеих","lemma":"оба","morphology":"numeral, locative, feminine","role":"quantifies половинах","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"половинах","lemma":"половина","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of роетесь","gloss":"halves"},{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces боже","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"боже","lemma":"бог","morphology":"noun, vocative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"God"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b9-c7-s142","source":"Он закрылся в отчаянии руками.","translation":"He covered his face with his hands in despair.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Он закрылся в отчаянии руками","title":"Reflexive «закрылся» + instrumental «руками»","body":"«закрылся» (perfective, «-ся») is 'he covered himself / shielded himself'; «руками» is the instrumental plural ('with his hands') naming the means. «в отчаянии» ('in despair') is «в» + prepositional, a state-phrase."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of закрылся","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"закрылся","lemma":"закрыться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"covered his face"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking отчаянии","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"отчаянии","lemma":"отчаяние","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of закрылся","gloss":"despair"},{"surface":"руками","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of закрылся","gloss":"with his hands"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b9-c7-s143","source":"— Не беспокойтесь так, Дмитрий Федорович, — заключил прокурор, — всё теперь записанное вы потом прослушаете сами и с чем не согласитесь, мы по вашим словам изменим, а теперь я вам один вопросик еще в третий раз повторю: неужто в самом деле никто, так-таки вовсе никто, не слыхал от вас об этих зашитых вами в ладонку деньгах?","translation":"\"Don't distress yourself so, Dmitri Fyodorovich,\" the prosecutor concluded, \"everything taken down now you will hear read back to you afterward, and whatever you disagree with we'll alter according to your words; but for now let me put one little question to you for the third time: is it really true that no one — absolutely no one at all — heard from you about the money you had sewn into that little amulet?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"всё теперь записанное вы потом прослушаете сами","title":"Substantivized participle «записанное»","body":"«записанное» is the past passive participle of «записать», here used as a neuter noun — 'everything [that has been] written down'. The intensifier «сами» ('yourselves') underlines that Mitya will hear his own words read back."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"с чем не согласитесь, мы… изменим","title":"Relative «с чем» + perfective futures","body":"«с чем не согласитесь» ('whatever you won't agree with') uses «что» as a relative after an implied «то», with «с» governing instrumental «чем». Both «не согласитесь» and «изменим» are perfective futures — promised single acts."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"неужто… никто, так-таки вовсе никто, не слыхал","title":"Negative concord with «никто… не»","body":"The negative pronoun «никто' ('no one') still requires «не» on the verb — Russian's obligatory negative concord. «неужто» (a folksy variant of «неужели») expresses incredulous 'is it really…?', and «так-таки вовсе никто» piles on 'absolutely no one at all'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"слыхал","title":"«слыхать» — colloquial 'to hear'","body":"«слыхал» is the past of «слыхать», a colloquial/iterative variant of «слышать» ('to hear'). It lends a slightly folksy, conversational coloring to the prosecutor's otherwise official speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies беспокойтесь","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"беспокойтесь","lemma":"беспокоиться","morphology":"verb, imperative, middle, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"distress yourself"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies беспокойтесь","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of беспокойтесь","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"заключил","lemma":"заключить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"parallel clause to беспокойтесь","gloss":"concluded"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of заключил","gloss":"prosecutor"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"всё","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of прослушаете","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies записанное","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"записанное","lemma":"записанный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies всё","gloss":"taken down"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of прослушаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"потом","lemma":"потом","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies прослушаете","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"прослушаете","lemma":"прослушать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"parallel clause to беспокойтесь","gloss":"will hear"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сами","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies прослушаете","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чем","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of согласитесь","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies согласитесь","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"согласитесь","lemma":"согласиться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, second, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with прослушаете","gloss":"disagree with"},{"surface":"мы","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of изменим","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking словам","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"вашим","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"determiner of словам","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"словам","lemma":"слово","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of изменим","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"изменим","lemma":"изменить","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with беспокойтесь","gloss":"will alter"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies повторю","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of повторю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of повторю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"один","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"quantifies вопросик","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"вопросик","lemma":"вопросик","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of повторю","gloss":"little question"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies раз","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking раз","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"третий","lemma":"третий","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies раз","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of повторю","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"повторю","lemma":"повторить","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with беспокойтесь","gloss":"will put"},{"surface":"неужто","lemma":"неужто","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the question","gloss":"is it really"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking деле","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"самом","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies деле","gloss":"actual"},{"surface":"деле","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies слыхал","gloss":"fact"},{"surface":"никто","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of слыхал","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"particle, part of the idiom так-таки","role":"modifies слыхал","gloss":"absolutely"},{"surface":"таки","lemma":"таки","morphology":"particle, part of the idiom так-таки","role":"modifies слыхал","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"вовсе","lemma":"вовсе","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies никто","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"никто","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"in apposition to никто","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies слыхал","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"слыхал","lemma":"слыхать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"parallel clause to повторю","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вас","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"oblique complement of слыхал","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"об","lemma":"об","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking деньгах","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"этих","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, locative, plural","role":"determiner of деньгах","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"зашитых","lemma":"зашить","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, plural, locative, perfective","role":"clause modifying деньгах","gloss":"sewn"},{"surface":"вами","lemma":"вами","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"agent of зашитых","gloss":"by you"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ладонку","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ладонку","lemma":"ладонка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of зашитых","gloss":"amulet"},{"surface":"деньгах","lemma":"деньга","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of слыхал","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b9-c7-s144","source":"Это, я вам скажу, почти невозможно представить.","translation":"That, I tell you, is almost impossible to imagine.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"почти невозможно представить","title":"Impersonal predicative «невозможно»","body":"«невозможно» ('it is impossible') is an impersonal neuter predicative, here governing the infinitive «представить» ('to imagine'). There is no nominative subject — a characteristically Russian subjectless construction stating a general impossibility."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of скажу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вам","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of скажу","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"скажу","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"depends on Это","gloss":"tell you"},{"surface":"почти","lemma":"почти","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies невозможно","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"невозможно","lemma":"невозможный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of Это","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"представить","lemma":"представить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on невозможно","gloss":"to imagine"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b9-c7-s145","source":"— Никто, никто, я сказал, иначе вы ничего не поняли!","translation":"\"No one, no one, I've told you, otherwise you've understood nothing!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"иначе вы ничего не поняли","title":"Negative concord «ничего… не»","body":"«ничего» (genitive of «ничто», 'nothing') co-occurs with «не понял» — again the double-negative concord, one logical negation. «ничего» sits in the genitive both as a negative pronoun and as the genitive-of-negation object of «понять»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Никто","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"parallel clause to сказал","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"никто","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"coordinated with Никто","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of сказал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"сказал","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have said"},{"surface":"иначе","lemma":"иначе","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of поняли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ничего","lemma":"ничто","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"direct object of поняли","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies поняли","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"поняли","lemma":"понять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with сказал","gloss":"understood"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b9-c7-s146","source":"Оставьте меня в покое.","translation":"Leave me in peace.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Оставьте меня в покое","title":"Imperative idiom «оставить в покое»","body":"«Оставьте» is the perfective polite imperative of «оставить» ('to leave'). The fixed phrase «оставить в покое» ('to leave in peace') uses «в покое», the prepositional of «покой' ('peace, rest') — 'leave me alone'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Оставьте","lemma":"оставить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"меня","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of Оставьте","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking покое","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"покое","lemma":"покой","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Оставьте","gloss":"peace"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b9-c7-s147","source":"— Извольте-с, это дело должно объясниться и еще много к тому времени впереди, но пока рассудите: у нас, может быть, десятки свидетельств о том, что вы именно сами распространяли и даже кричали везде о трех тысячах, истраченных вами, о трех, а не о полутора, да и теперь, при появлении вчерашних денег, тоже многим успели дать знать, что денег опять привезли с собою три тысячи…","translation":"\"As you wish, sir; this matter will have to be cleared up, and there is much time ahead for that, but in the meantime consider this: we have, perhaps, dozens of testimonies that you yourself were the one spreading the word and even shouting everywhere about three thousand you had squandered — three, not fifteen hundred — and now, too, when yesterday's money turned up, you managed to let many people know that you had once again brought three thousand with you…\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Извольте-с","title":"The deferential particle «-с»","body":"The clitic «-с» (a contraction of «сударь», 'sir') tacked onto «Извольте» adds servile or ironic deference — the obsequious 'sir' of clerks and tradesmen. The prosecutor and others sprinkle it through this scene; it perfectly suits an official's smooth, faintly mocking courtesy."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"это дело должно объясниться","title":"Reflexive «объясниться» — middle/passive","body":"«объясниться» here is the middle/passive use of «-ся»: 'this matter must get cleared up / explain itself', with no named agent. «должно» is the impersonal neuter 'must, ought', agreeing with neuter «дело»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"о трех тысячах, истраченных вами, о трех, а не о полутора","title":"Participle «истраченных» + agent in instrumental","body":"«истраченных» is the past passive participle of «истратить» ('to spend'), genitive plural agreeing with «тысячах», with its agent «вами» in the instrumental ('squandered by you'). «о трех, а не о полутора» contrasts 'three [thousand], not fifteen hundred' — the key discrepancy of the case."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"о трех тысячах","title":"Numeral «три» governing case","body":"«три тысячи» normally takes the genitive singular «тысячи»; here, after the preposition «о» ('about'), the whole numeral phrase re-declines into the prepositional, «о трех тысячах». Russian numerals control — and are in turn controlled by — the surrounding case."}],"words":[{"surface":"Извольте","lemma":"изволить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"discourse marker introducing the statement","gloss":"if you please"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"-с","morphology":"particle","role":"deferential enclitic particle on Извольте","gloss":"sir","note":"the enclitic -с is a fossilized shortening of сударь, marking polite deference."},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of дело","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"дело","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of должно объясниться","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"должно","lemma":"должно","morphology":"predicative adverb, neuter, singular","role":"modal predicate head of the phrase","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"объясниться","lemma":"объясниться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of должно","gloss":"be clarified"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies много","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"много","lemma":"много","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate adverb ('still much [remains] ahead'), not governed by времени","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тому времени","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"тому","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of времени","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"времени","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition к","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"впереди","lemma":"впереди","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate, modifies много (‘still lies ahead’)","gloss":"ahead"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"пока","lemma":"пока","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies рассудите","gloss":"for now"},{"surface":"рассудите","lemma":"рассудить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the imperative clause","gloss":"consider"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нас","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"нас","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"possessor in the idiom ‘у нас’ (‘we have’)","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical, part of ‘может быть’","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of может","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"десятки","lemma":"десяток","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject in the existential ‘у нас есть’","gloss":"dozens"},{"surface":"свидетельств","lemma":"свидетельство","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"modifies десятки","gloss":"of testimonies"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking том","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"том","lemma":"то","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"correlative anticipating the что-clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of распространяли","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of распространяли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies сами","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"emphatic pronoun modifying вы","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"распространяли","lemma":"распространять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"predicate of the что-clause","gloss":"were spreading"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies кричали","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"кричали","lemma":"кричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with распространяли","gloss":"were shouting"},{"surface":"везде","lemma":"везде","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies кричали","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тысячах","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, locative","role":"quantifies тысячах","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячах","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"object of о, complement of кричали","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"истраченных","lemma":"истраченный","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, locative, plural, perfective","role":"modifies тысячах","gloss":"squandered"},{"surface":"вами","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"agent of истраченных","gloss":"by you"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking трех","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"трех","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, locative","role":"coordinated with тысячах (elliptical)","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies полутора","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"о","lemma":"о","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking полутора","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"полутора","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, locative, masculine","role":"coordinated with трех","gloss":"one and a half"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the idiom ‘да и’ modifying теперь","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies успели","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"при","lemma":"при","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking появлении","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"появлении","lemma":"появление","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"temporal adjunct of успели","gloss":"appearance"},{"surface":"вчерашних","lemma":"вчерашний","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies денег","gloss":"yesterday's"},{"surface":"денег","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"modifies появлении","gloss":"of money"},{"surface":"тоже","lemma":"тоже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies успели","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"многим","lemma":"многие","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of успели","gloss":"many people"},{"surface":"успели","lemma":"успеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"managed"},{"surface":"дать","lemma":"дать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of успели","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"знать","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of дать, idiom ‘дать знать’","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of привезли","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"денег","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"genitive complement of тысячи (quantified noun, 'three thousand of money')","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies привезли","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"привезли","lemma":"привезти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"clausal complement of знать","gloss":"had brought"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking собою","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"собою","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental","role":"object of с, complement of привезли","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"три","lemma":"три","morphology":"numeral, accusative","role":"quantifies тысячи","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of привезли","gloss":"thousand"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b9-c7-s148","source":"— Не десятки, а сотни свидетельств у вас в руках, две сотни свидетельств, две сотни человек слышали, тысяча слышала! — воскликнул Митя.","translation":"\"Not dozens but hundreds of testimonies you have in your hands, two hundred testimonies, two hundred people heard it, a thousand heard it!\" Mitya exclaimed.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"две сотни человек слышали","title":"Counting form «человек» after a numeral","body":"After numerals «человек» ('person') uses a special genitive-plural-like counting form identical to the nominative singular: «две сотни человек» ('two hundred people'), never «людей». «сотни» (gen. sg. after «две») itself follows the 2–4 rule."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Не десятки, а сотни… две сотни… тысяча слышала","title":"Contrastive «а» and hyperbolic escalation","body":"«а» here is the contrastive coordinator 'not X but Y' («не десятки, а сотни»). Mitya seizes the prosecutor's «десятки» and inflates it through «сотни» to «тысяча» — a rhetorical crescendo voiced in cascading numerals."}],"words":[{"surface":"Не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies десятки","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"десятки","lemma":"десяток","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with сотни (contrast)","gloss":"dozens"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"сотни","lemma":"сотня","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of the clause (predicate в руках)","gloss":"hundreds"},{"surface":"свидетельств","lemma":"свидетельство","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"modifies сотни","gloss":"of testimonies"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"possessor in the idiom ‘у вас’","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking руках","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"руках","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"predicate location of сотни","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"две","lemma":"два","morphology":"numeral, nominative, feminine","role":"quantifies сотни","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"сотни","lemma":"сотня","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"restated in apposition to сотни свидетельств","gloss":"hundred"},{"surface":"свидетельств","lemma":"свидетельство","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"modifies сотни","gloss":"of testimonies"},{"surface":"две","lemma":"два","morphology":"numeral, nominative, feminine","role":"quantifies сотни","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"сотни","lemma":"сотня","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"subject of слышали","gloss":"hundred"},{"surface":"человек","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"modifies сотни","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"слышали","lemma":"слышать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb, coordinated with the previous clauses","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"тысяча","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of слышала","gloss":"a thousand"},{"surface":"слышала","lemma":"слышать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with слышали","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"воскликнул","lemma":"воскликнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb introducing the quote","gloss":"exclaimed"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of воскликнул","gloss":"Mitya"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b9-c7-s149","source":"— Ну вот видите-с, все, все свидетельствуют.","translation":"\"Well, there you see, sir — they all bear witness to it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"видите-с","title":"«видите-с» — the obsequious «-с» again","body":"Once more the deferential clitic «-с» (from «сударь», 'sir') colors the prosecutor's 'well, you see, sir'. Repeated through his lines, it builds a tone of smooth, ingratiating officialdom around Mitya's raw outbursts."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"все, все свидетельствуют","title":"Imperfective present «свидетельствуют»","body":"«свидетельствуют» (imperfective present, 3rd plural) — 'they all bear witness'. The doubled «все, все» ('everyone, everyone') is emphatic repetition; the imperfective frames the testifying as a general, collective fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ну","lemma":"ну","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies видите","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"видите","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb, idiom ‘вот видите’","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"-с","morphology":"particle","role":"deferential enclitic on видите","gloss":"sir"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of свидетельствуют","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"repeated in emphasis, subject of свидетельствуют","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"свидетельствуют","lemma":"свидетельствовать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bear witness"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b9-c7-s150","source":"Так ведь значит же что-нибудь слово все?","translation":"So that word 'all' must mean something, mustn't it?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Так ведь значит же что-нибудь слово все?","title":"Stacked particles «ведь… же» and indefinite «что-нибудь»","body":"The prosecutor piles up particles for insinuating effect: «так» (so), «ведь» (after all), «же» (surely). «что-нибудь» is the non-specific indefinite 'something or other'. The verb «значит» fronts before its subject «слово все» for emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"Так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of значит","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies значит","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"значит","lemma":"значить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"means"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies значит","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что-нибудь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of значит (part 1 of что-нибудь)","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"нибудь","lemma":"что-нибудь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of значит (part 2 of что-нибудь)","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"слово","lemma":"слово","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of значит","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to слово (the word being discussed)","gloss":"'all'"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b9-c7-s151","source":"— Ничего не значит, я соврал, а за мной и все стали врать.","translation":"\"It means nothing — I lied, and after me everyone else took to lying too.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ничего не значит","title":"Negative concord «ничего не значит»","body":"«ничего» (genitive of «ничто») with «не значит» — 'it means nothing'. The negative pronoun and the verbal «не» work together as one negation, the standard Russian double-negative."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"я соврал, а за мной и все стали врать","title":"Aspect contrast «соврал» / «стали врать»","body":"«соврал» (perfective) is the single completed act 'I lied'; «стали врать» pairs the perfective «стать» with the imperfective infinitive 'to lie', i.e. 'began [habitually] lying'. «а за мной» ('and after me') uses contrastive «а» plus «за» + instrumental."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ничего","lemma":"ничто","morphology":"pronoun, genitive","role":"subject of значит","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies значит","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"значит","lemma":"значить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"means"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of соврал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"соврал","lemma":"соврать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with значит","gloss":"lied"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"за","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мной","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"мной","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, singular","role":"object of за, idiom ‘за мной’","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic, modifies все","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of стали","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"стали","lemma":"стать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with соврал","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"врать","lemma":"врать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of стали","gloss":"to lie"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b9-c7-s152","source":"— Да зачем же вам-то так надо было «врать», как вы изъясняетесь?","translation":"\"But why did you have such a need to 'lie,' as you put it?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"зачем же вам-то так надо было «врать»","title":"Dative-of-necessity «вам надо» + particles","body":"«вам… надо было» is the impersonal necessity construction: the experiencer «вам» in the dative, no nominative subject, predicate «надо» ('need to'). The particle «же» and clitic «-то» on «вам-то» sharpen the challenge — 'why did YOU, of all people, so need to…'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"изъясняетесь","title":"«изъясняться» — to express oneself (bookish)","body":"«изъясняться» ('to express/explain oneself') is more elevated and formal than the everyday «выражаться». Quoting Mitya's coarse «врать» ('to lie') inside this lofty verb gives the prosecutor's question a faint, ironic fastidiousness."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"зачем","lemma":"зачем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies зачем","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"experiencer with надо","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"-то","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic enclitic attached to вам","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"predicative adverb","role":"head of the phrase (modal)","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to надо","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"врать","lemma":"врать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of изъясняетесь","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of изъясняетесь","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"изъясняетесь","lemma":"изъясняться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, second, plural, imperfective","role":"predicate of the как-clause","gloss":"put it"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b9-c7-s153","source":"— А черт знает.","translation":"\"The devil knows.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"А черт знает","title":"«черт знает» — 'the devil knows'","body":"A common exclamation of exasperated ignorance, 'the devil knows / who the hell knows'. The «черт» ('devil') recurs all through Mitya's speech here — a casual oath that, in this God-and-devil-haunted novel, never feels wholly trivial."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"черт","lemma":"чёрт","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of знает","gloss":"the devil"},{"surface":"знает","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b9-c7-s154","source":"Из похвальбы, может быть… так… что вот так много денег прокутил… Из того, может, чтоб об этих зашитых деньгах забыть… да, это именно оттого… черт… который раз вы задаете этот вопрос?","translation":"Out of bragging, perhaps… just so… that I'd blown such a lot of money… Or maybe so as to forget about that money sewn away… yes, that's exactly why… damn it… how many times are you going to put me that question?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Из похвальбы","title":"«похвальба» — bragging, boastfulness","body":"«похвальба» ('boasting, bragging', from «хвалить», to praise) in the genitive after «из» gives the motive — 'out of bragging'. The word itself is somewhat colloquial and faintly self-deprecating, as Mitya gropes for why he lied."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"чтоб об этих зашитых деньгах забыть","title":"Purpose «чтоб» + participle «зашитых»","body":"«чтоб» (a clipped «чтобы», 'so as to') governs the infinitive «забыть» ('to forget'). «зашитых» is the past passive participle of «зашить» ('to sew up'), prepositional plural agreeing with «деньгах» — 'the sewn-away money'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"который раз вы задаете этот вопрос","title":"«который раз» + imperfective «задаете»","body":"«который раз» literally 'which time', i.e. 'how many times now / for the umpteenth time'. «задаете» is the imperfective present of «задавать» ('to put/pose [a question]'), stressing the repeated, wearing asking."}],"words":[{"surface":"Из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking похвальбы","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"похвальбы","lemma":"похвальба","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of Из","gloss":"bragging"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical, part of ‘может быть’","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of может","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse filler, head of the phrase","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of прокутил","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies так","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies много","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"много","lemma":"много","morphology":"adverb","role":"quantifies денег","gloss":"a lot of"},{"surface":"денег","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"direct object of прокутил","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"прокутил","lemma":"прокутить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"predicate of the что-clause","gloss":"squandered"},{"surface":"Из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking того","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of Из","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"чтоб","lemma":"чтоб","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of забыть","gloss":"so as to"},{"surface":"об","lemma":"об","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking деньгах","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"этих","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, locative, plural","role":"determiner of деньгах","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"зашитых","lemma":"зашитый","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, plural, locative, perfective","role":"modifies деньгах","gloss":"sewn-in"},{"surface":"деньгах","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"object of об","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"забыть","lemma":"забыть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"purpose infinitive, complement of чтоб","gloss":"to forget"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of оттого","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies оттого","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"оттого","lemma":"оттого","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate, head of the phrase","gloss":"for that reason"},{"surface":"черт","lemma":"чёрт","morphology":"interjection","role":"standalone exclamation","gloss":"damn it"},{"surface":"который","lemma":"который","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies раз, idiom ‘который раз’","gloss":"how many(th)"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial direct object of задаете","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of задаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"задаете","lemma":"задавать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are asking"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of вопрос","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"вопрос","lemma":"вопрос","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of задаете","gloss":"question"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b9-c7-s155","source":"Ну, соврал, и кончено, раз соврал и уж не хотел переправлять.","translation":"Well, I lied, and that's that — once I'd lied I wasn't about to set it straight.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"раз соврал и уж не хотел переправлять","title":"«раз» as 'once' + aspect contrast","body":"«раз» here means 'once / since' (a conversational causal-temporal connector). «соврал» (perfective, the single lie) contrasts with «не хотел переправлять» — 'didn't want to keep correcting it', the imperfective infinitive for an ongoing fix-up."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ну","lemma":"ну","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"соврал","lemma":"соврать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I lied"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"кончено","lemma":"кончить","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, neuter, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with соврал, predicate ‘that's that’","gloss":"done with"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause раз соврал","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"соврал","lemma":"соврать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"predicate of the раз-clause","gloss":"I'd lied"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies хотел, idiom ‘уж не’","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies хотел","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"хотел","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with соврал (main clause)","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"переправлять","lemma":"переправлять","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of хотел","gloss":"to set it straight"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b9-c7-s156","source":"Из-за чего иной раз врет человек?","translation":"What does a man lie for, now and then?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Из-за чего иной раз врет человек?","title":"Gnomic present «врет» — the general truth","body":"«врет» is the imperfective present of «врать» ('to lie'), used here for a timeless generalization — 'what does a man lie for, now and then?'. «из-за чего» ('on account of what, why') takes «из-за» + genitive. The aphoristic question opens onto Dostoevsky's larger theme of self-deception."}],"words":[{"surface":"Из","lemma":"из-за","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of compound preposition из-за","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"из-за","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of compound preposition из-за, marking чего","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of из-за","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"иной","lemma":"иной","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies раз, idiom ‘иной раз’","gloss":"at times"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of врет","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"врет","lemma":"врать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"человек","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of врет","gloss":"a person"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b9-c7-s157","source":"— Это очень трудно решить, Дмитрий Федорович, из-за чего врет человек, — внушительно проговорил прокурор. — Скажите, однако, велика ли была эта, как вы называете ее, ладонка, на вашей шее?","translation":"\"That is very hard to decide, Dmitri Fyodorovich — what a man lies for,\" the prosecutor pronounced weightily. \"Tell me, though, was it large, this — what do you call it — amulet on your neck?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"внушительно проговорил","title":"«внушительно» — weightily, imposingly","body":"«внушительно' (from «внушать», to instill/impress upon) means 'impressively, weightily'. The narrator marks the prosecutor's deliberate gravitas. «проговорил» (perfective) frames the whole utterance as one measured pronouncement."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"велика ли была эта… ладонка","title":"Short adjective «велика» + «ли» question","body":"«велика» is the short-form feminine predicative of «великий/большой' ('large'), agreeing with «ладонка'. Fronted before «ли», it forms a neat yes/no question — 'was it large, the amulet?'. The short form is the natural predicate of size."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"expletive subject of трудно","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"очень","lemma":"очень","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies трудно","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"трудно","lemma":"трудный","morphology":"predicative adjective, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"решить","lemma":"решить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on трудно","gloss":"to decide"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"Дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"Фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"appositive to Дмитрий (patronymic)","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из-за","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of compound preposition из-за","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"за","lemma":"из-за","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of compound preposition из-за, marking чего","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of из-за","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"врет","lemma":"врать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"predicate of the embedded из-за чего clause (restates трудно решить)","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"человек","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of врет","gloss":"a person"},{"surface":"внушительно","lemma":"внушительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies проговорил","gloss":"weightily"},{"surface":"проговорил","lemma":"проговорить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the narrative frame","gloss":"pronounced"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of проговорил","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"Скажите","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell me"},{"surface":"однако","lemma":"однако","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"велика","lemma":"великий","morphology":"adjective, short form, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of the embedded question, complement of Скажите","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"question particle, modifies велика","gloss":"(question particle)"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to велика","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"эта","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of велика","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the parenthetical clause of называете","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of называете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"называете","lemma":"называть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause modifying ладонка","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of называете","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ладонка","lemma":"ладонка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition with эта, real subject of велика","gloss":"amulet","note":"a ладонка is a small pouch worn on a cord around the neck, here holding Mitya's hidden money."},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шее","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"вашей","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, locative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of шее","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"шее","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ладонка (location)","gloss":"neck"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b9-c7-s158","source":"— Нет, не велика.","translation":"\"No, not large.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Нет, не велика","title":"Short adjective «велика» in the negative","body":"Mitya answers with the same short-form predicative «велика» ('large'), now negated — 'not large'. Short adjectives like this are the standard way to predicate a quality with «не», typical of crisp dialogue."}],"words":[{"surface":"Нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies велика","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"велика","lemma":"великий","morphology":"adjective, short form, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (elliptical predicate)","gloss":"large"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b9-c7-s159","source":"— А какой, например, величины?","translation":"\"And what size, for instance?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"какой… величины","title":"Genitive of measure «величины»","body":"«какой… величины» ('of what size') uses the genitive of «величина» ('size, magnitude') with interrogative «какой» agreeing in case — the genitive of measure/quality. «например» ('for instance') softens the magistrate's probing."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"какой","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of величины","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"например","lemma":"например","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical","gloss":"for instance"},{"surface":"величины","lemma":"величина","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (genitive of quality)","gloss":"size"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b9-c7-s160","source":"— Бумажку сторублевую пополам сложить — вот и величина.","translation":"\"Fold a hundred-rouble note in half — there's the size.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Бумажку сторублевую пополам сложить — вот и величина","title":"Infinitive «сложить» as a vivid command-image","body":"Mitya answers not with a measurement but with a bare perfective infinitive «сложить» ('to fold') functioning almost as an instruction — 'fold a hundred-rouble note in half — there's your size'. The accusative «бумажку… сторублевую» fronts before its verb, a lively colloquial order."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Бумажку","title":"«бумажка» — diminutive for a banknote","body":"«бумажка» is the diminutive of «бумага» ('paper'), colloquially 'a banknote, a [paper] bill'. The little -ка suffix gives it an offhand, everyday tone fitting Mitya's brusque reply."}],"words":[{"surface":"Бумажку","lemma":"бумажка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of сложить","gloss":"note"},{"surface":"сторублевую","lemma":"сторублёвый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Бумажку","gloss":"hundred-rouble"},{"surface":"пополам","lemma":"пополам","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сложить","gloss":"in half"},{"surface":"сложить","lemma":"сложить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fold"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies величина","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphatic, idiom ‘вот и’","gloss":"there's"},{"surface":"величина","lemma":"величина","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominative of ‘вот и величина’","gloss":"the size"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b9-c7-s161","source":"— А лучше бы вы нам показали лоскутки?","translation":"\"Hadn't you better show us the scraps?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"А лучше бы вы нам показали лоскутки?","title":"Conditional «лучше бы… показали» — a soft suggestion","body":"«лучше бы» + past-tense «показали» forms a gentle, hypothetical suggestion — 'hadn't you better show us…'. This is the conditional «бы» used for polite softening rather than a strict counterfactual."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"лоскутки","title":"«лоскутки» — little scraps, rags","body":"«лоскутки» is the diminutive plural of «лоскут» ('scrap, shred of cloth'), the remnants of the torn amulet. The diminutive suits both the small physical objects and the magistrate's coaxing tone."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"лучше","lemma":"хороший","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"modifies показали (adverbial)","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle","role":"conditional particle with показали","gloss":"(conditional)"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of показали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"нам","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of показали","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"показали","lemma":"показать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"show"},{"surface":"лоскутки","lemma":"лоскуток","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of показали","gloss":"the scraps"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b9-c7-s162","source":"Ведь они где-нибудь при вас.","translation":"Surely they're on you somewhere.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ведь они где-нибудь при вас","title":"Particle «ведь» + indefinite «где-нибудь»","body":"«Ведь» appeals to assumed shared knowledge ('surely, after all'). «где-нибудь» ('somewhere or other') is the non-specific indefinite adverb. «при вас» ('on your person') uses «при» + prepositional."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies the clause","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"они","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of the clause","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"где","lemma":"где-нибудь","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase (part 1 of где-нибудь)","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"нибудь","lemma":"где-нибудь","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of где-нибудь compound (part 2)","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"при","lemma":"при","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вас","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, locative, plural","role":"object of при","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b9-c7-s163","source":"— Э, черт… какие глупости… я не знаю, где они.","translation":"\"Eh, the devil… what nonsense… I don't know where they are.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"я не знаю, где они","title":"Embedded indirect question «где они»","body":"«где они» is an indirect (embedded) question after «не знаю» — 'I don't know where they are', with the zero copula (no 'are') in the present. The comma before «где» marks the subordinate clause."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"какие глупости","title":"«какие глупости» — 'what nonsense'","body":"«глупости» (plural of «глупость», 'foolishness, a silly thing') with exclamatory «какие» means 'what nonsense / what rubbish'. Mitya's irritable «Э, черт… какие глупости» captures his contempt for the line of questioning."}],"words":[{"surface":"Э","lemma":"э","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"eh"},{"surface":"черт","lemma":"чёрт","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Э (exclamation)","gloss":"the devil"},{"surface":"какие","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of глупости","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"глупости","lemma":"глупость","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase (exclamatory)","gloss":"nonsense"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of знаю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"где","lemma":"где","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the embedded clause, modifies знаю","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"они","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of the embedded clause","gloss":"they"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b9-c7-s164","source":"— Но позвольте, однако: где же и когда вы ее сняли с шеи?","translation":"\"But allow me, all the same: where and when did you take it off your neck?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"где же и когда вы ее сняли с шеи","title":"Insistent «же» + perfective «сняли»","body":"«же» pins the question words 'where and when, exactly'. «сняли» is the perfective past of «снять» ('to take off'), a single completed act; «с шеи» ('from the neck') uses «с» + genitive of removal."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"позвольте","title":"«позвольте» — 'allow me / wait a moment'","body":"A polite imperative from «позволить» ('to permit'), used conversationally to interject — 'allow me, but…'. Here «но позвольте, однако» combines hesitation markers as the magistrate presses a sticking point in Mitya's account."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"позвольте","lemma":"позволить","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"allow me"},{"surface":"однако","lemma":"однако","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical discourse marker","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"где","lemma":"где","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the embedded question, modifies сняли","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies где","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"когда","lemma":"когда","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of сняли, coordinated with где","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of сняли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of сняли","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"сняли","lemma":"снять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"embedded question predicate","gloss":"took off"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шеи","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"шеи","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of с, complement of сняли","gloss":"neck"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b9-c7-s165","source":"Ведь вы, как сами показываете, домой не заходили?","translation":"After all, by your own account you didn't go home?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"как сами показываете, домой не заходили","title":"Negated «заходили» + directional «домой»","body":"«заходили» (imperfective past of «заходить», 'to drop in') is negated — 'you didn't drop in home'. «домой» is the special directional 'homeward'. «как сами показываете» ('as you yourself testify') folds his own deposition back on him, «показываете» a legal 'to state on record'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies заходили","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of заходили","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the parenthetical clause of показываете","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"сами","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"emphatic subject-modifier of показываете","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"показываете","lemma":"показывать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause (‘by your own account’)","gloss":"testify"},{"surface":"домой","lemma":"домой","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies заходили","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies заходили","gloss":"didn't"},{"surface":"заходили","lemma":"заходить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stop by"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b9-c7-s166","source":"— А вот как от Фени вышел и шел к Перхотину, дорогой и сорвал с шеи и вынул деньги.","translation":"\"Why, just as I came out from Fenya's and was walking to Perkhotin's, on the way I tore it off my neck and took out the money.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"как от Фени вышел и шел к Перхотину","title":"Prefixed motion verbs «вышел» / «шел»","body":"«вышел» (perfective of «выйти», 'came out') and «шел» (imperfective of «идти', 'was walking') show motion-verb aspect at work: the single completed exit against the ongoing walk toward Perkhotin's. «от Фени» ('from Fenya's') takes «от» + genitive, «к Перхотину» ('to Perkhotin's') «к» + dative."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies как","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the temporal clause","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Фени","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Фени","lemma":"Феня","morphology":"proper noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of от","gloss":"Fenya's"},{"surface":"вышел","lemma":"выйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"predicate of the как-clause","gloss":"came out"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"шел","lemma":"идти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with вышел","gloss":"was walking"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Перхотину","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Перхотину","lemma":"Перхотин","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"object of к","gloss":"Perkhotin's"},{"surface":"дорогой","lemma":"дорога","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сорвал (‘on the way’)","gloss":"on the way"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"сорвал","lemma":"сорвать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb, coordinated with вышел","gloss":"tore off"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking шеи","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"шеи","lemma":"шея","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of с, complement of сорвал","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вынул","lemma":"вынуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with сорвал","gloss":"took out"},{"surface":"деньги","lemma":"деньги","morphology":"noun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of вынул","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b9-c7-s167","source":"— В темноте?","translation":"\"In the dark?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"В темноте?","title":"«в темноте» — locative «в» + prepositional","body":"«в темноте» ('in the dark[ness]') is «в» + the prepositional of «темнота», expressing location/circumstance. The magistrate's one-word question presses the implausibility of unpicking the amulet in darkness."}],"words":[{"surface":"В","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking темноте","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"темноте","lemma":"темнота","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"object of В","gloss":"the dark"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b9-c7-s168","source":"— Для чего тут свечка?","translation":"\"What do you need a candle for?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Для чего тут свечка?","title":"«для чего» — 'what for' + genitive","body":"«для чего» ('for what, why') uses «для» + the genitive «чего» (of «что»). «свечка» is the diminutive of «свеча» ('candle'). Mitya's brusque retort — 'what's a candle for here?' — dismisses the need for light."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"свечка","title":"«свечка» — little candle (diminutive)","body":"The -ка diminutive of «свеча» gives a homely, offhand 'candle'. Russians reach for such diminutives constantly in everyday speech, with no real sense of smallness — here just Mitya's colloquial register."}],"words":[{"surface":"Для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чего","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of Для, idiom ‘для чего’","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate head of the phrase","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"свечка","lemma":"свечка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of тут (existential)","gloss":"a candle"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b9-c7-s169","source":"Я это пальцем в один миг сделал.","translation":"I did it with my finger in a single instant.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Я это пальцем в один миг сделал","title":"Perfective «сделал» + instrumental «пальцем»","body":"«сделал» (perfective of «сделать') frames the act as instant and complete — reinforced by «в один миг» ('in a single instant'). «пальцем» is the instrumental of «палец» ('finger'), the means: 'I did it with my finger'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of сделал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of сделал","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"пальцем","lemma":"палец","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сделал","gloss":"with a finger"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking миг","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"один","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, accusative, masculine","role":"quantifies миг","gloss":"a single"},{"surface":"миг","lemma":"миг","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition в","gloss":"instant"},{"surface":"сделал","lemma":"сделать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b9-c7-s170","source":"— Без ножниц, на улице?","translation":"\"Without scissors, in the street?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Без ножниц, на улице?","title":"«без» + genitive «ножниц»","body":"«без» ('without') governs the genitive: «ножниц» is the genitive plural of the plurale tantum «ножницы» ('scissors'), which exists only in the plural. «на улице» ('in the street') is «на» + prepositional. The clipped question keeps pressing the physical detail."}],"words":[{"surface":"Без","lemma":"без","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ножниц","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"ножниц","lemma":"ножницы","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"object of preposition Без","gloss":"scissors"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking улице","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"улице","lemma":"улица","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition на, parallel to без ножниц","gloss":"the street"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b9-c7-s171","source":"— На площади, кажется; зачем ножницы?","translation":"\"In the square, I think; why scissors?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"На площади, кажется; зачем ножницы?","title":"Locative «на площади» + dismissive question","body":"«на площади» ('in the square') is «на» + prepositional. «кажется» ('it seems') is an impersonal parenthetical hedging his memory. «зачем ножницы?» ('why scissors?') is a verbless rhetorical brush-off."}],"words":[{"surface":"На","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking площади","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"площади","lemma":"площадь","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition На","gloss":"the square"},{"surface":"кажется","lemma":"казаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical, modifies the whole clause","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"зачем","lemma":"зачем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ножницы","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ножницы","lemma":"ножницы","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"head of the elliptical question","gloss":"scissors"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b9-c7-s172","source":"Ветхая тряпка, сейчас разодралась.","translation":"A worn-out rag — it tore apart at once.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ветхая тряпка","title":"«ветхая» — worn, decrepit (and Biblical)","body":"«ветхий» means 'old, worn out, decrepit'. It is the very word of the «Ветхий Завет» (the Old Testament), so describing the sacred amulet-cloth as a «ветхая тряпка» ('a worn-out rag') quietly underlines its degradation from holy object to disposable scrap."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"сейчас разодралась","title":"Reflexive «разодралась» — intransitive 'tore'","body":"«разодралась» (perfective past, «-ся») is the middle/intransitive 'tore apart, came apart' — the rag itself, with no agent, splitting. «сейчас» here means 'at once, in a moment' rather than 'now'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ветхая","lemma":"ветхий","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies тряпка","gloss":"worn-out"},{"surface":"тряпка","lemma":"тряпка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of разодралась","gloss":"rag"},{"surface":"сейчас","lemma":"сейчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies разодралась","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"разодралась","lemma":"разодраться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, feminine, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tore apart"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b9-c7-s173","source":"— Куда же вы ее потом дели?","translation":"\"Where did you put it afterward?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Куда же вы ее потом дели?","title":"«куда» (whither) + colloquial «деть»","body":"«куда» asks 'to where, whither' (motion-toward), distinct from locative «где». «дели» is the past of «деть» ('to put/stick [away]'), a colloquial verb. The particle «же» presses: 'where ever did you put it then?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Куда","lemma":"куда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies дели","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes Куда","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of дели","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of дели","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"потом","lemma":"потом","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies дели","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"дели","lemma":"деть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b9-c7-s174","source":"— Там же и бросил.","translation":"\"I threw it down right there.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Там же и бросил","title":"Emphatic «там же» + dropped subject","body":"«там же» means 'right there, in that very place', the «же» pinning the location. «и» here is 'just/even', and the subject «я» is dropped — the perfective «бросил» ('threw [down]') already shows it. Terse, the line mirrors Mitya's impatience."}],"words":[{"surface":"Там","lemma":"там","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies бросил","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes Там","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes бросил","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"бросил","lemma":"бросить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw it"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b9-c7-s175","source":"— Где именно?","translation":"\"Where exactly?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Где именно?","title":"«именно» — exactly, precisely","body":"«именно» ('exactly, precisely, namely') sharpens the question to demand a pinpoint answer — 'where exactly?'. It is a favorite intensifier in this interrogation, the magistrate pressing for specifics Mitya cannot give."}],"words":[{"surface":"Где","lemma":"где","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Где","gloss":"exactly"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b9-c7-s176","source":"— Да на площади же, вообще на площади!","translation":"\"Why, in the square, somewhere in the square!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Да на площади же, вообще на площади!","title":"Exasperated «да… же» framing","body":"Sentence-initial «да» is not 'yes' but an emphatic, impatient particle, and «же» adds insistence — 'why, in the square, I tell you!'. «вообще» ('in general, just anywhere') waves off the demand for precision."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"interjection introducing the answer","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking площади","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"площади","lemma":"площадь","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition на","gloss":"the square"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes площади","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"вообще","lemma":"вообще","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the second площади","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking площади","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"площади","lemma":"площадь","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with the first площади","gloss":"the square"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b9-c7-s177","source":"Черт ее знает где на площади.","translation":"The devil knows where in the square.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Черт ее знает где","title":"«черт ее знает» — 'the devil knows where'","body":"A coarse idiom of dismissal, 'the devil knows where'. The «ее» ('it', the rag) is the object of «знает». As elsewhere in Mitya's speech, the throwaway «черт» recurs, peppering his replies with helpless oaths."}],"words":[{"surface":"Черт","lemma":"чёрт","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of знает","gloss":"the devil"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of знает","gloss":"[it]"},{"surface":"знает","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"где","lemma":"где","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знает","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking площади","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"площади","lemma":"площадь","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of знает","gloss":"the square"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b9-c7-s178","source":"Да для чего вам это?","translation":"And what do you want it for?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Да для чего вам это?","title":"Impatient «да» + «для чего вам»","body":"Again «да» is an emphatic particle ('but, why'), not 'yes'. «для чего вам это» ('what do you want this for?') leaves the verb unstated, with «вам» a quasi-dative of interest — 'what's it to you?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the clause to what precedes","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"для","lemma":"для","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чего","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition для","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"experiencer/indirect object of the clause","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of the elliptical clause","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b9-c7-s179","source":"— Это чрезвычайно важно, Дмитрий Федорович: вещественные доказательства в вашу же пользу, и как это вы не хотите понять?","translation":"\"It is extraordinarily important, Dmitri Fyodorovich: material evidence in your own favor — how can you fail to understand that?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"как это вы не хотите понять","title":"Exclamatory «как это» + negation","body":"«как это…» introduces an exclamation of disbelief — 'how is it that you won't understand!'. «не хотите понять» pairs negated 'want' with the perfective infinitive «понять» ('to grasp'). The magistrate's tone shifts from probing to urging."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of важно","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"чрезвычайно","lemma":"чрезвычайно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies важно","gloss":"extraordinarily"},{"surface":"важно","lemma":"важный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate of Это","gloss":"important"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"Дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"Фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Дмитрий (patronymic)","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"вещественные","lemma":"вещественный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies доказательства","gloss":"material"},{"surface":"доказательства","lemma":"доказательство","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"elaborates on важно, after the colon","gloss":"evidence"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking пользу","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"вашу","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of пользу","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes вашу","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"пользу","lemma":"польза","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition в, modifies доказательства","gloss":"favor"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the two clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies хотите","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the idiom как это (\"how is it that\")","gloss":"is it that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of хотите","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies хотите","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"хотите","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"понять","lemma":"понять","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of хотите","gloss":"to understand"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b9-c7-s180","source":"Кто же вам помогал зашивать месяц назад?","translation":"Who helped you sew it up a month ago?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Кто же вам помогал зашивать месяц назад?","title":"«помогать» + dative + imperfective infinitive","body":"«помогал» ('helped') governs the dative «вам» ('you') and the imperfective infinitive «зашивать» ('to sew up') — the process of sewing. The interrogative «кто» with insistent «же» drives the new line of questioning: who was the accomplice?"},{"kind":"grammar","term":"месяц назад","title":"«месяц назад» — accusative of time + «назад»","body":"«месяц» here is the accusative of duration, and «назад» ('ago') points back from now — 'a month ago'. This bare accusative-of-time, with no preposition, is the normal way Russian marks 'ago' and extents of time."}],"words":[{"surface":"Кто","lemma":"кто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of помогал","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes Кто","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of помогал","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"помогал","lemma":"помогать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"helped"},{"surface":"зашивать","lemma":"зашивать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of помогал","gloss":"sew it up"},{"surface":"месяц","lemma":"месяц","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"time adverbial modifying помогал, with назад","gloss":"a month"},{"surface":"назад","lemma":"назад","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies месяц","gloss":"ago"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b9-c7-s181","source":"— Никто не помогал, сам зашил.","translation":"\"No one helped me, I sewed it myself.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"сам зашил","title":"Emphatic «сам» + perfective","body":"«сам» (myself, of my own doing) intensifies the subject, and the perfective «зашил» (sewed it up, completed) presents the act as a single accomplished deed — Mitya stresses both the solitude and the finality of his sewing."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Никто не помогал","title":"Negative concord «никто… не»","body":"Russian requires the verb to keep «не» even when a negative pronoun like «никто» is present: literally \"nobody didn't help.\" The imperfective «помогал» here denies that any helping went on at all."}],"words":[{"surface":"Никто","lemma":"никто","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of помогал","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies помогал","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"помогал","lemma":"помогать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"helped"},{"surface":"сам","lemma":"сам","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies зашил","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"зашил","lemma":"зашить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"sewed it"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b9-c7-s182","source":"— Вы умеете шить?","translation":"\"You know how to sew?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"умеете шить","title":"«уметь» + infinitive","body":"«уметь» (to know how, have the skill) governs a bare imperfective infinitive «шить» (to sew). The imperfective names the general ability rather than a single act."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of умеете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"умеете","lemma":"уметь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know how"},{"surface":"шить","lemma":"шить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of умеете","gloss":"to sew"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b9-c7-s183","source":"— Солдат должен уметь шить, а тут и уменья никакого не надо.","translation":"\"A soldier has to know how to sew, and here no skill at all was needed.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"уменья никакого не надо","title":"Genitive of negation + «не надо»","body":"«уменья» is genitive (of «уменье», skill) under the negated impersonal «не надо» — \"no skill at all is needed.\" The negative «никакого» reinforces the «не», and the whole frame is subjectless and impersonal."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Солдат должен уметь шить","title":"«должен» as a short predicate adjective","body":"«должен» (must, obliged) is a short-form predicate agreeing with «солдат» in masculine singular, governing the infinitive «уметь». Short adjectives like this carry the predicative \"is bound to\" sense typical of bookish 19th-c. prose."}],"words":[{"surface":"Солдат","lemma":"солдат","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of должен","gloss":"a soldier"},{"surface":"должен","lemma":"должен","morphology":"adjective (short form), masculine, singular","role":"predicate, modal head","gloss":"has to"},{"surface":"уметь","lemma":"уметь","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of должен","gloss":"know how"},{"surface":"шить","lemma":"шить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of уметь","gloss":"to sew"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes уменья","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"уменья","lemma":"умение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"subject of надо (genitive under negation)","gloss":"skill"},{"surface":"никакого","lemma":"никакой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of уменья","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"predicative adverb","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"was needed"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b9-c7-s184","source":"— Где же вы взяли материал, то есть эту тряпку, в которую зашили?","translation":"\"Where did you get the material — that is, the rag you sewed it into?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"в которую зашили","title":"Relative «который» in the accusative","body":"«которую» agrees with feminine «тряпку» (rag) but takes the accusative its own clause demands after «в» expressing motion-into — \"the rag into which you sewed it.\" The relative carries the case of its role, not its antecedent's."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"тряпку","title":"«тряпка» — rag, scrap of cloth","body":"«тряпка» is a worn-out cloth or rag; the investigator's halting \"the material — that is, the rag\" tracks Mitya's own dismissive word for what concealed his 1,500 roubles."}],"words":[{"surface":"Где","lemma":"где","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies взяли","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes Где","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of взяли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"взяли","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did get"},{"surface":"материал","lemma":"материал","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of взяли","gloss":"the material"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то есть","morphology":"conjunction (idiom)","role":"introduces the clarification \"that is\"","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"то есть","morphology":"conjunction (idiom)","role":"part of the idiom то есть","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of тряпку","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"тряпку","lemma":"тряпка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to материал","gloss":"rag"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking которую","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"которую","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition в, relative pronoun referring to тряпку","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"зашили","lemma":"зашить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"relative clause modifying тряпку","gloss":"you sewed"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b9-c7-s185","source":"— Неужто вы не смеетесь?","translation":"\"Surely you aren't laughing at me?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Неужто","title":"«неужто» — \"surely not?\"","body":"«неужто» is a colloquial, slightly archaic variant of «неужели», a particle of incredulous questioning: \"is it really possible that…?\" Its folksy flavour suits Mitya's wounded, suspicious tone."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"не смеетесь","title":"Reflexive «смеяться»","body":"«смеяться» (to laugh) exists only in the reflexive «-ся» form; here «не смеетесь» means \"you aren't laughing [at me].\" The «-ся» is fused to the verb, not a separate object."}],"words":[{"surface":"Неужто","lemma":"неужто","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies смеетесь, marks the question as incredulous","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of смеетесь","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies смеетесь","gloss":"aren't"},{"surface":"смеетесь","lemma":"смеяться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughing"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b9-c7-s186","source":"— Отнюдь нет, и нам вовсе не до смеха, Дмитрий Федорович.","translation":"\"By no means, and we are in no mood whatever for laughter, Dmitri Fyodorovich.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Отнюдь нет","title":"«отнюдь нет» — \"by no means\"","body":"«отнюдь» is an emphatic, somewhat formal negator (\"not in the least, by no means\"). Paired with «нет» it gives the prosecutor's flat, courteous denial a slightly stiff officialdom."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"не до смеха","title":"Idiom «не до + genitive»","body":"«не до смеха» (literally \"not up to laughter\") is the idiom «не до + genitive» meaning one has no time, mood, or room for something: \"we are in no mood for laughter.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"Отнюдь","lemma":"отнюдь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies нет","gloss":"by no means"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle, negative predicative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"нам","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"dative experiencer with до смеха","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"вовсе","lemma":"вовсе","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies не","gloss":"in no mood"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies the phrase до смеха","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking смеха","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"смеха","lemma":"смех","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition до","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"Дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"Фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Дмитрий (patronymic)","gloss":"Fyodorovich"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b9-c7-s187","source":"— Не помню, где взял тряпку, где-нибудь взял.","translation":"\"I don't remember where I got the rag, I got it somewhere.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"где-нибудь взял","title":"Indefinite «-нибудь»","body":"«где-нибудь» (somewhere or other, anywhere) marks a non-specific place — Mitya cannot or will not pin it down. The «-нибудь» series signals \"any at all,\" unlike the specific-but-unknown «-то»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies помню","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"помню","lemma":"помнить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"где","lemma":"где","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies взял","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"взял","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of помню","gloss":"I got"},{"surface":"тряпку","lemma":"тряпка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of взял","gloss":"the rag"},{"surface":"где","lemma":"где-нибудь","morphology":"adverb (idiom)","role":"part of the idiom где-нибудь","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"нибудь","lemma":"где-нибудь","morphology":"adverb (idiom)","role":"part of the idiom где-нибудь","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"взял","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"I got it"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b9-c7-s188","source":"— Как бы, кажется, этого-то уж не запомнить?","translation":"\"Surely, one would think, that at least is something you couldn't forget?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Как бы… не запомнить?","title":"Conditional particle «бы» softening a reproach","body":"The mobile particle «бы» here lends a hypothetical, insinuating tone — \"how could one not remember this, one would think?\" «бы» leans on the first phrase rather than on the infinitive «запомнить»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"этого-то","title":"Emphatic clitic «-то»","body":"The hyphenated «-то» on «этого» foregrounds a known topic for contrast: \"this, of all things.\" Distinct from indefinite «-то», this emphatic clitic spotlights what is already in view."}],"words":[{"surface":"Как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom как бы (\"as if / how could\")","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"part of the phrase Как","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"кажется","lemma":"казаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical modifying the clause","gloss":"one would think"},{"surface":"этого","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of запомнить","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"-то","morphology":"particle, emphatic","role":"emphasizes этого","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies запомнить","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies запомнить","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"запомнить","lemma":"запомнить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b9-c7-s189","source":"— Да ей-богу же не помню, может, что-нибудь разодрал из белья.","translation":"\"But by God I don't remember, maybe I tore a piece off some linen.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ей-богу","title":"«ей-богу» — \"by God\"","body":"«ей-богу» (an old oath, \"by God\") is a colloquial asseveration of sincerity. Combined with the insistent particle «же», it gives Mitya's protest its exasperated, pleading force."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"что-нибудь разодрал из белья","title":"Perfective «разодрал» + partitive «из белья»","body":"The perfective «разодрал» (tore off, completed) names a single past act, while «из белья» (from [the] linen) is the genitive after «из», marking the material the scrap came from."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the clause to what precedes","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ей","lemma":"ей-богу","morphology":"interjection (idiom)","role":"part of the idiom ей-богу (\"by God\")","gloss":"by God"},{"surface":"богу","lemma":"ей-богу","morphology":"interjection (idiom)","role":"part of the idiom ей-богу (\"by God\")","gloss":"by God"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies помню","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies помню","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"помню","lemma":"помнить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"может","morphology":"parenthetical particle","role":"parenthetical modifying разодрал","gloss":"maybe"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что-нибудь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative (idiom)","role":"part of что-нибудь, direct object of разодрал","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"нибудь","lemma":"что-нибудь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative (idiom)","role":"part of что-нибудь, direct object of разодрал","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"разодрал","lemma":"разодрать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"tore"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking белья","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"белья","lemma":"бельё","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition из","gloss":"linen"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b9-c7-s190","source":"— Это очень интересно: в вашей квартире могла бы завтра отыскаться эта вещь, рубашка, может быть, от которой вы оторвали кусок.","translation":"\"That is very interesting: tomorrow this item might turn up at your lodgings — a shirt, perhaps, that you tore a piece from.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"могла бы завтра отыскаться","title":"Conditional «могла бы» + reflexive «отыскаться»","body":"«могла бы… отыскаться» is the conditional «бы» on past «могла» plus the reflexive infinitive «отыскаться» (turn up, be found) — \"might turn up.\" The «-ся» gives the verb its intransitive, middle sense."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"от которой вы оторвали кусок","title":"Relative «который» with «от» + genitive","body":"«от которой» — \"from which\" — has «которой» in the genitive demanded by «от», while it agrees in feminine gender with «рубашка» (shirt). The clause specifies the shirt as the source of the torn-off piece."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of интересно","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"очень","lemma":"очень","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies интересно","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"интересно","lemma":"интересный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"predicate of Это","gloss":"interesting"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking квартире","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"вашей","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, locative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of квартире","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"квартире","lemma":"квартира","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of могла","gloss":"lodgings"},{"surface":"могла","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, feminine, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"auxiliary of могла","gloss":"[conditional]"},{"surface":"завтра","lemma":"завтра","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отыскаться","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"отыскаться","lemma":"отыскаться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могла","gloss":"turn up"},{"surface":"эта","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of вещь","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"вещь","lemma":"вещь","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of могла","gloss":"item"},{"surface":"рубашка","lemma":"рубашка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to вещь","gloss":"a shirt"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"может быть","morphology":"parenthetical (idiom)","role":"part of the idiom может быть (\"perhaps\")","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"быть","lemma":"может быть","morphology":"parenthetical (idiom)","role":"part of the idiom может быть (\"perhaps\")","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking которой","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"которой","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition от, relative pronoun referring to рубашка","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of оторвали","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"оторвали","lemma":"оторвать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"relative clause modifying рубашка","gloss":"tore"},{"surface":"кусок","lemma":"кусок","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of оторвали","gloss":"a piece"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b9-c7-s191","source":"Из чего эта тряпка была: из холста, из полотна?","translation":"What was the rag made of: of coarse cloth, of linen?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"из холста, из полотна","title":"«холст» vs «полотно»","body":"«холст» is coarse, rough homespun cloth; «полотно» is finer, smoother linen. The investigator's paired question probes the exact fabric to test whether the amulet ever existed."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Из чего эта тряпка была","title":"«из чего» — material with «из» + genitive","body":"«из чего» (out of what) uses the interrogative «что» in the genitive after «из» to ask what something is made of. Russian routinely names material with «из + genitive»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чего","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition Из","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"эта","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of тряпка","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"тряпка","lemma":"тряпка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of была","gloss":"rag"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, feminine, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking холста","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"холста","lemma":"холст","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of была","gloss":"coarse cloth"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking полотна","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"полотна","lemma":"полотно","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with холста","gloss":"linen"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b9-c7-s192","source":"— Черт ее знает из чего.","translation":"\"The devil knows what it was made of.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Черт ее знает из чего","title":"Idiom «чёрт его знает»","body":"«чёрт её знает» (the devil knows it) is a crude, dismissive set phrase for \"who the hell knows.\" The pronoun «её» agrees with feminine «тряпка»; the oath marks Mitya's mounting irritation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Черт","lemma":"чёрт","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of знает","gloss":"the devil"},{"surface":"ее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of знает","gloss":"[it]"},{"surface":"знает","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чего","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of знает","gloss":"what"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b9-c7-s193","source":"Постойте… Я, кажется, ни от чего не отрывал.","translation":"Wait… I don't think I tore it off anything.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ни от чего не отрывал","title":"Negative concord «ни от чего… не»","body":"«ни от чего… не отрывал» — \"I didn't tear it off anything\" — splits the negative pronoun «ничего» around the preposition «от» (a hallmark of Russian: «ни + preposition + чего») and still keeps «не» on the verb."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Постойте","title":"Perfective imperative «постойте»","body":"«постойте» (wait a moment!) is the perfective imperative of «постоять», with polite plural «-те». The perfective frames a brief, bounded pause — Mitya halting himself to think."}],"words":[{"surface":"Постойте","lemma":"постоять","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of отрывал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"кажется","lemma":"казаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical modifying отрывал","gloss":"it seems"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the negative phrase ни от чего","gloss":"[nothing]"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чего","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"чего","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition от, part of ни от чего","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies отрывал","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"отрывал","lemma":"отрывать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"tore it off"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b9-c7-s194","source":"Она была коленкоровая… Я, кажется, в хозяйкин чепчик зашил.","translation":"It was of calico… I think I sewed it into my landlady's cap.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"коленкоровая","title":"«коленкор» — calico/glazed cotton","body":"«коленкор» is calico, a cheap glazed cotton cloth; the adjective «коленкоровая» describes the worthless scrap. The word recurs below as Mitya insists the rag was old, washed-out trash."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"чепчик","title":"«чепчик» — woman's cap (diminutive)","body":"«чепчик» is a soft woman's nightcap or house-cap, a diminutive of «чепец». The homely domestic detail — sewing his secret money into the landlady's cap — is vintage Dostoevsky."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"хозяйкин чепчик","title":"Possessive adjective «хозяйкин»","body":"«хозяйкин» is a possessive adjective formed from «хозяйка» (landlady) with the suffix «-ин» — \"the landlady's,\" agreeing with «чепчик». Russian forms such familiar possessives from people's names and roles."}],"words":[{"surface":"Она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of коленкоровая","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"была","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, feminine, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to коленкоровая","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"коленкоровая","lemma":"коленкоровый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of Она","gloss":"of calico"},{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of зашил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"кажется","lemma":"казаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical modifying зашил","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чепчик","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"хозяйкин","lemma":"хозяйкин","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies чепчик","gloss":"landlady's"},{"surface":"чепчик","lemma":"чепчик","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition в","gloss":"cap"},{"surface":"зашил","lemma":"зашить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sewed it"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b9-c7-s195","source":"— В хозяйкин чепчик?","translation":"\"Into your landlady's cap?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"В хозяйкин чепчик?","title":"Accusative of motion-into","body":"«в хозяйкин чепчик» takes the accusative because «в» here expresses motion-into (sewing the money into the cap), not location. Inanimate «чепчик» shows the accusative identical to the nominative."}],"words":[{"surface":"В","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чепчик","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"хозяйкин","lemma":"хозяйкин","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies чепчик","gloss":"landlady's"},{"surface":"чепчик","lemma":"чепчик","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition В","gloss":"cap"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b9-c7-s196","source":"— Да, я у ней утащил.","translation":"\"Yes, I filched it from her.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"утащил","title":"«утащить» — to filch, swipe","body":"«утащить» (perfective of «утаскивать») literally \"drag off,\" colloquially \"swipe, pinch, make off with.\" Lighter and more sheepish than «украсть» (steal), it fits Mitya's half-joking confession of a petty theft."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"у ней","title":"Colloquial «у ней» for «у неё»","body":"«у ней» is a colloquial/19th-c. variant of «у неё» (from her), genitive of «она» after «у». Dostoevsky's dialogue keeps such spoken forms to voice his characters."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"response particle, head of the phrase","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of утащил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ней","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ней","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition у","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"утащил","lemma":"утащить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"filched it"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b9-c7-s197","source":"— Как это утащили?","translation":"\"How do you mean, filched it?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Как это утащили?","title":"Echo question with «как это»","body":"«Как это утащили?» echoes Mitya's verb back at him — \"how do you mean, filched it?\" The phrase «как это» registers surprise or demands elaboration; the subject pronoun is dropped, recoverable from the verb ending."}],"words":[{"surface":"Как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies утащили","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of утащили","gloss":"[you mean]"},{"surface":"утащили","lemma":"утащить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"filched it"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b9-c7-s198","source":"— Видите, я действительно, помнится, как-то утащил один чепчик на тряпки, а может, перо обтирать.","translation":"\"You see, I really did, as I recall, somehow filch a cap for rags, or maybe to wipe a pen with.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"как-то утащил","title":"Indefinite adverb «как-то»","body":"«как-то» (somehow, at some point) is the «-то» indefinite of «как», vaguely gesturing at a real but unremembered occasion — \"I did somehow filch one.\""},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"перо обтирать","title":"«перо» — a writing quill/pen-nib","body":"Here «перо» means a pen (nib), and «обтирать перо» is to wipe the pen clean of ink. A scrap of cloth kept on the desk to wipe the nib — an everyday detail of mid-19th-c. writing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Видите","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"parenthetical","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of утащил","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"действительно","lemma":"действительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies утащил","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"помнится","lemma":"помниться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical modifying утащил","gloss":"as I recall"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как-то","morphology":"adverb (idiom)","role":"part of the idiom как-то (\"somehow\")","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"как-то","morphology":"adverb (idiom)","role":"part of the idiom как-то (\"somehow\")","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"утащил","lemma":"утащить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did filch"},{"surface":"один","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, accusative, masculine","role":"quantifies чепчик","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"чепчик","lemma":"чепчик","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of утащил","gloss":"cap"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тряпки","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"тряпки","lemma":"тряпка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"object of preposition на","gloss":"rags"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"может","morphology":"parenthetical particle","role":"parenthetical modifying обтирать","gloss":"maybe"},{"surface":"перо","lemma":"перо","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of обтирать","gloss":"a pen"},{"surface":"обтирать","lemma":"обтирать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"purpose complement, parallel to утащил","gloss":"to wipe"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b9-c7-s199","source":"Взял тихонько, потому никуда не годная тряпка, лоскутки у меня валялись, а тут эти полторы тысячи, я взял и зашил… Кажется, именно в эти тряпки зашил.","translation":"I took it on the quiet, since the rag was good for nothing, and I had scraps lying about, and then there was this fifteen hundred, and I took it and sewed it up… I think it was into those very rags that I sewed it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"тихонько","title":"«тихонько» — quietly, on the sly","body":"«тихонько» is the diminutive-adverb of «тихо» (quietly), softened by «-оньк-» to mean \"ever so quietly, on the quiet.\" The expressive suffix conveys the furtive, almost playful manner of the theft."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"никуда не годная","title":"Idiom «никуда не годный»","body":"«никуда не годная» — \"good for nothing, useless\" (literally \"fit for nowhere\") — is a fixed expression with negative concord («никуда… не»). Mitya keeps insisting the rag was worthless."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"полторы тысячи","title":"«полторы» governs genitive singular","body":"«полтора/полторы» (one and a half) governs the genitive singular like 2–4, so «тысячи» is genitive singular; «полторы» takes the feminine form to agree with «тысяча»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Взял","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"I took it"},{"surface":"тихонько","lemma":"тихонько","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Взял","gloss":"on the quiet"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"conjunction/adverb","role":"introduces the reason clause","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"никуда","lemma":"никуда","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom никуда не годная (\"good for nothing\")","gloss":"nowhere"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies годная","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"годная","lemma":"годный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies тряпка","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"тряпка","lemma":"тряпка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun of the elliptical reason clause","gloss":"rag"},{"surface":"лоскутки","lemma":"лоскуток","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of валялись","gloss":"scraps"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking меня","gloss":"[I had]"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"object of preposition у","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"валялись","lemma":"валяться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"were lying about"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"тут","lemma":"тут","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies тысячи","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of полторы тысячи","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"полторы","lemma":"полтора","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"depends on тысячи","gloss":"fifteen hundred"},{"surface":"тысячи","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"subject of an elided verb (\"there was\")","gloss":"[the money]"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of взял","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"взял","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with зашил","gloss":"took it"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"зашил","lemma":"зашить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with взял","gloss":"sewed it up"},{"surface":"Кажется","lemma":"казаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical modifying the final clause","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizes тряпки","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тряпки","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"эти","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of тряпки","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"тряпки","lemma":"тряпка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"object of preposition в","gloss":"rags"},{"surface":"зашил","lemma":"зашить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"I sewed it"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b9-c7-s200","source":"Старая коленкоровая дрянь, тысячу раз мытая.","translation":"An old bit of calico trash, washed a thousand times over.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"дрянь","title":"«дрянь» — trash, rubbish","body":"«дрянь» is contemptuous \"trash, rubbish, worthless stuff\" (and, of a person, \"scum\"). Here it dismisses the calico scrap as nothing — Mitya piling on words for its worthlessness."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"тысячу раз мытая","title":"Past passive participle «мытая»","body":"«мытая» is the past passive participle of «мыть» (to wash) used attributively — \"washed [a thousand times].\" «тысячу раз» is an accusative time-phrase, \"a thousand times over.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"Старая","lemma":"старый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies дрянь","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"коленкоровая","lemma":"коленкоровый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies дрянь","gloss":"calico"},{"surface":"дрянь","lemma":"дрянь","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"trash"},{"surface":"тысячу","lemma":"тысяча","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies раз","gloss":"a thousand"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial of times, modifies мытая","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"мытая","lemma":"мытый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies дрянь","gloss":"washed"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b9-c7-s201","source":"— И вы это твердо уже помните?","translation":"\"And you remember that for certain now?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"твердо уже помните","title":"Adverb «твёрдо» — \"for certain\"","body":"«твёрдо» (firmly, for certain) modifies «помните» — \"do you firmly remember this now?\" Coupled with «уже» (now, by this point) it presses whether Mitya has at last settled on a stable account."}],"words":[{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of помните","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of помните","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"твердо","lemma":"твёрдо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies помните","gloss":"for certain"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies помните","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"помните","lemma":"помнить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b9-c7-s202","source":"— Не знаю, твердо ли.","translation":"\"I don't know whether it's for certain.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"твердо ли","title":"Embedded «ли» — \"whether\"","body":"«Не знаю, твёрдо ли» uses the enclitic «ли» to mean \"whether\": \"I don't know whether [it's] for certain.\" «ли» follows the focused word «твёрдо», forming an indirect yes/no question."}],"words":[{"surface":"Не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"знаю","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"твердо","lemma":"твёрдо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знаю","gloss":"for certain"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies твердо","gloss":"whether"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b9-c7-s203","source":"Кажется, в чепчик.","translation":"Into the cap, I think.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Кажется, в чепчик","title":"Topic-comment ellipsis","body":"An elliptical reply: only the new information «в чепчик» (into the cap) survives, the verb «зашил» understood from context. Russian freely drops given material, leaving just the comment."}],"words":[{"surface":"Кажется","lemma":"казаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical modifying чепчик","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чепчик","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"чепчик","lemma":"чепчик","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition в","gloss":"the cap"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b9-c7-s204","source":"Ну да наплевать!","translation":"Well, never mind, who cares!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"наплевать","title":"«наплевать!» — \"who cares!\"","body":"«наплевать» (literally \"to spit on [it]\") is a coarse, dismissive idiom: \"to hell with it, never mind, who cares.\" Mitya throws up his hands at the whole line of questioning."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ну да наплевать","title":"Particles «ну да»","body":"«ну да» strings two particles — «ну» (well) and «да» (here \"yes, anyway\") — into a resigned, brushing-aside opener. Such particle clusters are the connective tissue of spoken Russian."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ну","lemma":"ну","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies наплевать","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies наплевать","gloss":"anyway"},{"surface":"наплевать","lemma":"наплевать","morphology":"predicative (idiom)","role":"main predicate of the sentence","gloss":"who cares"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b9-c7-s205","source":"— В таком случае ваша хозяйка могла бы по крайней мере припомнить, что у нее пропала эта вещь?","translation":"\"In that case your landlady could at least recall that this item had gone missing from her?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"могла бы… припомнить","title":"Conditional «могла бы припомнить»","body":"«могла бы… припомнить» — \"could at least recall\" — is again the conditional «бы» on past «могла» plus a perfective infinitive, framing a hypothetical: if the cap were really hers, surely she would notice its loss."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"у нее пропала эта вещь","title":"«у + genitive» of the affected possessor","body":"«у неё пропала эта вещь» — \"this thing went missing from her\" — uses «у + genitive» to mark the person who suffers the loss, with «вещь» as the nominative subject of «пропала»."}],"words":[{"surface":"В","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking случае","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"таком","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, locative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of случае","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"случае","lemma":"случай","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of могла","gloss":"case"},{"surface":"ваша","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of хозяйка","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"хозяйка","lemma":"хозяйка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of могла","gloss":"landlady"},{"surface":"могла","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"conditional marker with могла","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase по крайней мере","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"крайней","lemma":"крайний","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase по крайней мере","gloss":"least"},{"surface":"мере","lemma":"мера","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase по крайней мере","gloss":"least","note":"по крайней мере is a fixed idiom meaning \"at least\"; not glossed word-for-word."},{"surface":"припомнить","lemma":"припомнить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of могла","gloss":"recall"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of пропала","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нее","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"нее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of пропала","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"пропала","lemma":"пропасть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of припомнить","gloss":"had gone missing"},{"surface":"эта","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of вещь","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"вещь","lemma":"вещь","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of пропала","gloss":"item"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b9-c7-s206","source":"— Вовсе нет, она и не хватилась.","translation":"\"Not at all, she never even missed it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"не хватилась","title":"«хватиться» — to notice missing","body":"«хватиться» (reflexive, perfective) means \"to suddenly notice that something/someone is gone, to miss it.\" «она и не хватилась» — \"she never even missed it,\" the «и» adding \"not even.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"Вовсе","lemma":"вовсе","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies нет","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"нет","lemma":"нет","morphology":"particle, negation","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of хватилась","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies хватилась","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies хватилась","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"хватилась","lemma":"хватиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, feminine, perfective","role":"main verb, coordinated with нет","gloss":"missed it"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b9-c7-s207","source":"Старая тряпка, говорю вам, старая тряпка, гроша не стоит.","translation":"An old rag, I tell you, an old rag, not worth a penny.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"гроша не стоит","title":"Genitive of negation with «стоить»","body":"Under negation «стоить» takes the genitive «гроша» rather than accusative — \"is not worth a grosh.\" The genitive of negation is obligatory in such fixed measure-of-worth phrases."}],"words":[{"surface":"Старая","lemma":"старый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies тряпка","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"тряпка","lemma":"тряпка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of стоит","gloss":"rag"},{"surface":"говорю","lemma":"говорить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause","gloss":"I tell"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of говорю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"старая","lemma":"старый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies тряпка","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"тряпка","lemma":"тряпка","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to тряпка","gloss":"rag"},{"surface":"гроша","lemma":"грош","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"genitive object of стоит (negated)","gloss":"a penny","note":"не стоит гроша is a fixed idiom: negated verbs take a genitive object."},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies стоит","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"стоит","lemma":"стоить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is worth"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b9-c7-s208","source":"— А иголку откуда взяли, нитки?","translation":"\"And where did you get the needle, the thread?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"А иголку откуда взяли","title":"Fronting for focus + contrastive «а»","body":"The object «иголку» (needle, accusative) is fronted before «откуда взяли» to spotlight the new line of attack, and opening «а» marks the gentle shift to a fresh question. Free word order lets the stressed item lead."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"иголку","lemma":"иголка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of взяли","gloss":"the needle"},{"surface":"откуда","lemma":"откуда","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies взяли","gloss":"where...from"},{"surface":"взяли","lemma":"взять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did you get"},{"surface":"нитки","lemma":"нитка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with иголку, direct object of взяли","gloss":"the thread"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b9-c7-s209","source":"— Я прекращаю, больше не хочу. Довольно! — рассердился наконец Митя.","translation":"\"I'm done, I won't go on. Enough!\" Mitya flared up at last.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Я прекращаю","title":"Imperfective present «прекращаю»","body":"«прекращаю» (I'm stopping, breaking off) is imperfective present, naming an action unfolding right now — Mitya cutting off the interrogation mid-stream."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"рассердился","title":"«рассердиться» — to grow angry","body":"«рассердился» (perfective, reflexive) marks the inceptive moment of anger — \"flew into a temper.\" The «рас-» prefix and perfective aspect capture the flare-up as a sudden completed shift."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of прекращаю","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"прекращаю","lemma":"прекращать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am done"},{"surface":"больше","lemma":"больше","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies хочу","gloss":"no more"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies хочу","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"хочу","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with прекращаю","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"Довольно","lemma":"довольно","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Enough"},{"surface":"рассердился","lemma":"рассердиться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the narrator's clause","gloss":"flared up"},{"surface":"наконец","lemma":"наконец","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies рассердился","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of рассердился","gloss":"Mitya"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b9-c7-s210","source":"— И странно опять-таки, что вы так совсем уж забыли, в каком именно месте бросили на площади эту… ладонку.","translation":"\"And it's odd again that you've so completely forgotten just which spot in the square you threw that… amulet.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ладонку","title":"«ладанка» — an amulet/relic pouch","body":"A «ладанка» (here spelled «ладонка») is a small cloth or metal pouch worn round the neck, originally holding incense («ладан»), a relic, or a written prayer. Mitya's makeshift money-pouch is ironically named for this devotional object."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"так совсем уж забыли","title":"Stacked intensifying adverbs","body":"«так совсем уж забыли» piles up «так» (so), «совсем» (completely), and «уж» (the emphatic «уже») to dramatise the investigator's incredulity at Mitya's total forgetfulness."}],"words":[{"surface":"И","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"странно","lemma":"странный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"odd"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase опять-таки","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"таки","lemma":"таки","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase опять-таки","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of забыли","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of забыли","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies совсем","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"совсем","lemma":"совсем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies уж","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies забыли","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"забыли","lemma":"забыть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"depends on странно","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking месте","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"каком","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, locative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of месте","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"именно","lemma":"именно","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies каком","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"месте","lemma":"место","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of бросили","gloss":"spot"},{"surface":"бросили","lemma":"бросить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with забыли, within the что-clause","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking площади","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"площади","lemma":"площадь","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of бросили","gloss":"the square"},{"surface":"эту","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ладонку","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ладонку","lemma":"ладонка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of бросили","gloss":"amulet"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b9-c7-s211","source":"— Да велите завтра площадь выместь, может, найдете, — усмехнулся Митя.","translation":"\"Order the square swept tomorrow, maybe you'll find it,\" Mitya said with a sneer.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"велите… выместь","title":"Imperative «велите» + infinitive","body":"«велите» (order!, polite plural imperative of «велеть») governs the infinitive «выместь» (sweep) — \"order the square swept.\" «выместь» is an old/colloquial variant of «вымести»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"усмехнулся","title":"«усмехнуться» — to smirk/sneer","body":"«усмехнулся» (perfective, reflexive) is a single, sour half-smile — a smirk or sneer, not open laughter. It marks Mitya's bitter, defiant turn against his questioners."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the imperative","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"велите","lemma":"велеть","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"завтра","lemma":"завтра","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies выместь","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"площадь","lemma":"площадь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of выместь","gloss":"the square"},{"surface":"выместь","lemma":"вымести","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of велите","gloss":"swept"},{"surface":"может","lemma":"может","morphology":"particle, parenthetical","role":"parenthetical modifying найдете","gloss":"maybe"},{"surface":"найдете","lemma":"найти","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with велите","gloss":"you'll find it"},{"surface":"усмехнулся","lemma":"усмехнуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the narrator's clause","gloss":"said with a sneer"},{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of усмехнулся","gloss":"Mitya"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b9-c7-s212","source":"— Довольно, господа, довольно, — измученным голосом порешил он. — Вижу ясно: вы мне не поверили!","translation":"\"Enough, gentlemen, enough,\" he brought it to an end in an exhausted voice. \"I see clearly: you have not believed me!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"измученным голосом","title":"Instrumental of manner «измученным голосом»","body":"«измученным голосом» (in an exhausted voice) is the instrumental of manner — the case used for the means or manner of an action. «измученным» is a past passive participle of «измучить» (to wear out) declined as an adjective."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"порешил","title":"«порешить» — to decide/conclude","body":"«порешил» (perfective) is a folksy, emphatic \"decided, settled, brought to an end.\" Here it means Mitya resolved to break things off — \"he concluded, in an exhausted voice.\""},{"kind":"grammar","term":"вы мне не поверили","title":"«поверить» + dative","body":"«поверить» (to believe [someone]) governs the dative «мне» — \"you did not believe me.\" The person believed stands in the dative, not the accusative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Довольно","lemma":"довольно","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Enough"},{"surface":"господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"vocative, in direct address","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"довольно","lemma":"довольно","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with Довольно","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"измученным","lemma":"измученный","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies голосом","gloss":"exhausted"},{"surface":"голосом","lemma":"голос","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of порешил","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"порешил","lemma":"порешить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the narrator's clause","gloss":"brought it to an end"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of порешил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Вижу","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I see"},{"surface":"ясно","lemma":"ясно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Вижу","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of поверили","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of поверили","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies поверили","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"поверили","lemma":"поверить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"complement clause of Вижу","gloss":"have believed"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b9-c7-s213","source":"Ни в чем и ни на грош!","translation":"Not in anything, not by a hair!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ни в чем и ни на грош","title":"Doubled «ни» without a verb","body":"Two «ни»-phrases — «ни в чём» (in nothing) and «ни на грош» (not by a penny's worth) — hammer the negation from the previous clause's «не поверили». «ни» intensifies an existing negation rather than negating on its own."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ни на грош","title":"Idiom «ни на грош»","body":"«ни на грош» (not by a single grosh) is a fixed idiom for \"not in the slightest, not one bit\" — measuring belief in the smallest of coins, as in s207's «гроша не стоит»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies чем","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чем","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies грош","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking грош","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"грош","lemma":"грош","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with чем","gloss":"a hair","note":"ни на грош literally \"not by a farthing,\" idiom for \"not at all.\""}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b9-c7-s214","source":"Вина моя, а не ваша, не надо было соваться.","translation":"The fault is mine, not yours — I should never have got mixed up in it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Вина моя, а не ваша","title":"Zero copula + contrastive «а»","body":"«Вина моя, а не ваша» — \"the fault is mine, not yours\" — has no verb \"is\" (zero copula in the present), and «а» draws the contrast between «моя» and «ваша». Possessives stand in the nominative as predicate."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"соваться","title":"«соваться» — to butt in, meddle","body":"«соваться» (reflexive, imperfective) means \"to poke one's nose in, butt in, get mixed up in.\" «не надо было соваться» — \"I shouldn't have got involved\" — Mitya rebukes himself for confessing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вина","lemma":"вина","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of the clause (predicate: моя)","gloss":"the fault"},{"surface":"моя","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of Вина","gloss":"is mine"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ваша","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ваша","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with моя","gloss":"yours"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies надо","gloss":"should not"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"have needed"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to надо","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"соваться","lemma":"соваться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"to get mixed up in it"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b9-c7-s215","source":"Зачем, зачем я омерзил себя признанием в тайне моей!","translation":"Why, why did I defile myself by confessing my secret!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"омерзил себя","title":"«омерзить» — to make loathsome, defile","body":"«омерзить» (rare, bookish, from «мерзкий» — vile) means \"to make loathsome, to befoul.\" «омерзил себя признанием» — \"I defiled myself by my confession\" — high-pitched self-disgust in Mitya's mouth."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"признанием в тайне моей","title":"Instrumental of means «признанием»","body":"«признанием» (by confession) is the instrumental naming the means by which Mitya defiled himself; «в тайне моей» (in my secret) specifies the confession's object with «в» + prepositional."}],"words":[{"surface":"Зачем","lemma":"зачем","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with second зачем","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"зачем","lemma":"зачем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies омерзил","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of омерзил","gloss":"did I"},{"surface":"омерзил","lemma":"омерзить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"defile"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of омерзил","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"признанием","lemma":"признание","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of омерзил","gloss":"by confessing"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking тайне","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"тайне","lemma":"тайна","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies признанием","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"моей","lemma":"мой","morphology":"determiner, locative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of тайне","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b9-c7-s216","source":"А вам это смех, я по глазам вашим вижу.","translation":"And to you it's a laughing matter — I can see it by your eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"А вам это смех","title":"Dative experiencer «вам это смех»","body":"«вам это смех» — \"to you this is a laughing matter\" — sets the experiencers in the dative «вам» with a zero copula. The dative-experiencer frame, so common in Dostoevsky, makes the laughter happen *to* them."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"по глазам вашим вижу","title":"«по + dative» — judging by","body":"«по глазам вашим» (by your eyes) uses «по + dative» in its \"judging by, going by\" sense — \"I can tell by your eyes.\" The possessive «вашим» follows the noun, a slightly elevated/emphatic order."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of смех","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of смех","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"смех","lemma":"смех","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of это","gloss":"a laughing matter"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of вижу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking глазам","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"глазам","lemma":"глаз","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of вижу","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"вашим","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"determiner of глазам","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"вижу","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"can see"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b9-c7-s217","source":"Это вы меня, прокурор, довели!","translation":"It was you who drove me to it, prosecutor!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Это вы меня… довели","title":"Cleft emphasis with «это»","body":"«Это вы меня… довели!» fronts «это вы» to single out the culprit — \"it was *you* who drove me to it.\" «довести» (perfective) here means \"to drive [someone] to a state,\" governing the accusative «меня»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the cleft construction","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of довели","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"меня","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of довели","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, in direct address","gloss":"prosecutor"},{"surface":"довели","lemma":"довести","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b9-c7-s218","source":"Пойте себе гимн, если можете… Будьте вы прокляты, истязатели!","translation":"Sing yourselves a hymn of triumph, if you can… Be damned, you tormentors!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Пойте себе","title":"Imperative + ethical dative «себе»","body":"«Пойте себе» pairs the imperative «пойте» (sing!) with the \"ethical dative\" «себе» — \"go ahead and sing [to your hearts' content].\" This «себе» adds a dismissive \"by all means, suit yourselves\" colouring."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Будьте вы прокляты, истязатели","title":"«проклятый» / «истязатель»","body":"«Будьте вы прокляты» — \"be damned, be accursed\" — uses the short past passive participle «прокляты» as a curse-formula. «истязатели» (tormentors, torturers, from «истязать») is Mitya's recurring epithet for his interrogators, picked up again at s236."}],"words":[{"surface":"Пойте","lemma":"петь","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sing"},{"surface":"себе","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of Пойте","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"гимн","lemma":"гимн","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Пойте","gloss":"a hymn"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of можете","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"можете","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on Пойте","gloss":"you can"},{"surface":"Будьте","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"passive auxiliary of прокляты","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of прокляты","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"прокляты","lemma":"проклясть","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"damned"},{"surface":"истязатели","lemma":"истязатель","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"vocative, in direct address","gloss":"tormentors"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b9-c7-s219","source":"Он склонился головой и закрыл лицо руками.","translation":"He bowed his head and hid his face in his hands.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"склонился головой","title":"Reflexive «склониться» + instrumental","body":"«склонился» (perfective, reflexive — bowed, drooped) takes «головой» in the instrumental of the body-part doing the action: \"bowed with his head.\" Russian regularly puts the relevant body-part in the instrumental."}],"words":[{"surface":"Он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of склонился","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"склонился","lemma":"склониться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bowed"},{"surface":"головой","lemma":"голова","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of склонился","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"закрыл","lemma":"закрыть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with склонился","gloss":"hid"},{"surface":"лицо","lemma":"лицо","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of закрыл","gloss":"his face"},{"surface":"руками","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of закрыл","gloss":"in his hands"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b9-c7-s220","source":"Прокурор и следователь молчали.","translation":"The prosecutor and the investigator kept silent.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"молчали","title":"Imperfective «молчали» — durative silence","body":"«молчали» (imperfective past, plural) renders the silence as an ongoing state — \"they kept silent,\" not a single act. The imperfective holds the scene's stillness open."}],"words":[{"surface":"Прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of молчали","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"следователь","lemma":"следователь","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Прокурор","gloss":"the investigator"},{"surface":"молчали","lemma":"молчать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept silent"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b9-c7-s221","source":"Через минуту он поднял голову и как-то без мысли поглядел на них.","translation":"A minute later he raised his head and looked at them somehow vacantly.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Через минуту","title":"«через + accusative» of elapsed time","body":"«через минуту» (a minute later) uses «через + accusative» to mean \"after the lapse of [a minute].\" The same preposition with motion means \"across/through,\" its case fixed by «через»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"как-то без мысли поглядел","title":"Indefinite «как-то» of manner","body":"«как-то» (somehow, in some indefinable way) softens «без мысли поглядел» — \"looked at them somehow vacantly.\" Dostoevsky uses «как-то» repeatedly in this passage (s222, s236) to blur Mitya's blank, dissociated state."}],"words":[{"surface":"Через","lemma":"через","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking минуту","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"минуту","lemma":"минута","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of поднял","gloss":"a minute"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of поднял","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"поднял","lemma":"поднять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"голову","lemma":"голова","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of поднял","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как-то","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как-то","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"без","lemma":"без","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мысли","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"мысли","lemma":"мысль","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of поглядел","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"поглядел","lemma":"поглядеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with поднял","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking них","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"них","lemma":"они","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"oblique complement of поглядел","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b9-c7-s222","source":"Лицо его выражало уже совершившееся, уже безвозвратное отчаяние, и он как-то тихо замолк, сидел и как будто себя не помнил.","translation":"His face expressed a despair already accomplished, already beyond recall, and he fell somehow quietly silent, sat there, and seemed scarcely aware of himself.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"уже совершившееся, уже безвозвратное отчаяние","title":"Past active participle «совершившееся»","body":"«совершившееся» is the past active participle of reflexive «совершиться» (to come to pass), declined as an adjective modifying «отчаяние» — \"a despair [that had] already accomplished [itself].\" The participle compresses a whole который-clause into one word."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"безвозвратное","title":"«безвозвратный» — irrevocable","body":"«безвозвратное» (from «без» + «возврат», return) means \"beyond recall, irretrievable, point of no return.\" Applied to «отчаяние» it marks Mitya's despair as final and unrecoverable."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"как будто себя не помнил","title":"«как будто» + reflexive «не помнил себя»","body":"«как будто» (as if) frames a semblance; «себя не помнил» — \"was not himself, beside himself\" — is an idiom using the reflexive pronoun «себя» (no nominative form) for losing self-possession."}],"words":[{"surface":"Лицо","lemma":"лицо","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of выражало","gloss":"his face"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Лицо","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"выражало","lemma":"выражать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"expressed"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies совершившееся","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"совершившееся","lemma":"совершившийся","morphology":"participle, past, active, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies отчаяние","gloss":"accomplished"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies безвозвратное","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"безвозвратное","lemma":"безвозвратный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with совершившееся","gloss":"beyond recall"},{"surface":"отчаяние","lemma":"отчаяние","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of выражало","gloss":"despair"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of замолк","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как-то, modifies тихо","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как-то","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"тихо","lemma":"тихо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies замолк","gloss":"quietly"},{"surface":"замолк","lemma":"замолкнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with выражало","gloss":"fell silent"},{"surface":"сидел","lemma":"сидеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with замолк","gloss":"sat there"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как будто","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"будто","lemma":"будто","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как будто","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of помнил","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies помнил","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"помнил","lemma":"помнить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with сидел","gloss":"was aware of"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b9-c7-s223","source":"Между тем надо было оканчивать дело: следовало неотложно перейти к допросу свидетелей.","translation":"Meanwhile the business had to be brought to a close: there was no putting off the move to the questioning of the witnesses.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"надо было оканчивать дело","title":"Impersonal «надо было» + imperfective","body":"«надо было оканчивать» is a subjectless necessity construction — \"it was necessary to wind up the matter.\" The imperfective infinitive «оканчивать» frames the closing as an ongoing process to be undertaken."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"следовало неотложно перейти","title":"Impersonal «следовало»","body":"«следовало» (it was fitting/incumbent) is another impersonal predicate of obligation, governing the perfective infinitive «перейти» (to move on). «неотложно» (without delay) stresses the urgency of turning to the witnesses."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Между тем","title":"«между тем» — meanwhile","body":"«между тем» is a fixed adverbial \"meanwhile, in the meantime,\" pivoting the narration from Mitya's collapse back to the procedural business that must go on."}],"words":[{"surface":"Между","lemma":"между","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase между тем","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"тем","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase между тем","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to надо","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"оканчивать","lemma":"оканчивать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"bring to a close"},{"surface":"дело","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of оканчивать","gloss":"the business"},{"surface":"следовало","lemma":"следовать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"parallel clause to надо","gloss":"there was need"},{"surface":"неотложно","lemma":"неотложно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies перейти","gloss":"without delay"},{"surface":"перейти","lemma":"перейти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on следовало","gloss":"to move on"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking допросу","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"допросу","lemma":"допрос","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of перейти","gloss":"the questioning"},{"surface":"свидетелей","lemma":"свидетель","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"modifies допросу","gloss":"of the witnesses"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b9-c7-s224","source":"Было уже часов восемь утра.","translation":"It was already about eight o'clock in the morning.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"часов восемь утра","title":"Approximation by inversion «часов восемь»","body":"Putting the noun before the numeral — «часов восемь» instead of «восемь часов» — signals approximation: \"about eight o'clock.\" «часов» is genitive plural after the numeral; «утра» (in the morning) is the genitive of time-of-day."}],"words":[{"surface":"Было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies часов","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"часов","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"o'clock"},{"surface":"восемь","lemma":"восемь","morphology":"numeral, nominative","role":"modifies часов","gloss":"eight","note":"inverted word order часов восемь signals an approximation, \"about eight.\""},{"surface":"утра","lemma":"утро","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies часов","gloss":"in the morning"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b9-c7-s225","source":"Свечи давно уже как потушили.","translation":"The candles had long since been put out.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Свечи давно уже как потушили","title":"Subjectless 3rd-pl. + dialectal «как»","body":"«потушили» is an indefinite 3rd-person-plural \"they put out / the candles had been put out,\" with no named subject. The colloquial «давно уже как» (\"a good while ago now\") adds a folksy temporal flavour."}],"words":[{"surface":"Свечи","lemma":"свеча","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of потушили (agentless/impersonal construction)","gloss":"the candles"},{"surface":"давно","lemma":"давно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies потушили","gloss":"long since"},{"surface":"уже","lemma":"уже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies потушили","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies потушили","gloss":"already","note":"давно уже как is a colloquial intensifier, \"a good while ago already.\""},{"surface":"потушили","lemma":"потушить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had been put out"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b9-c7-s226","source":"Михаил Макарович и Калганов, всё время допроса входившие и уходившие из комнаты, на этот раз оба опять вышли.","translation":"Mikhail Makarovich and Kalganov, who throughout the interrogation had been coming in and going out of the room, this time both went out again.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"всё время допроса входившие и уходившие","title":"Past active participles «входившие и уходившие»","body":"Two imperfective past active participles in -ивш- modify the names — \"who had been coming in and going out\" throughout the interrogation. Stacked participial modifiers like this are the signature of Dostoevsky's dense narrative syntax."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"входившие и уходившие","title":"Prefixed motion: в- / у-","body":"The pair contrasts prefixed motion verbs: «входить» (в- = into, enter) and «уходить» (у- = away, leave). The directional prefixes convert the base motion verb «ходить» into ordinary imperfectives of arriving and departing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Михаил","lemma":"Михаил","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вышли","gloss":"Mikhail"},{"surface":"Макарович","lemma":"Макарович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Михаил","gloss":"Makarovich"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Калганов","lemma":"Калганов","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Михаил","gloss":"Kalganov"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of время","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"время","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of входившие","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"допроса","lemma":"допрос","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies время","gloss":"the interrogation"},{"surface":"входившие","lemma":"входить","morphology":"participle, past, active, plural, nominative, imperfective","role":"participial clause modifying Михаил/Калганов","gloss":"coming in"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"уходившие","lemma":"уходить","morphology":"participle, past, active, plural, nominative, imperfective","role":"coordinated with входившие","gloss":"going out"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking комнаты","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"комнаты","lemma":"комната","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of уходившие","gloss":"the room"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking раз","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of раз","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"раз","lemma":"раз","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вышли","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"оба","lemma":"оба","morphology":"numeral, nominative, masculine","role":"subject of вышли","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"опять","lemma":"опять","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies вышли","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"вышли","lemma":"выйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went out"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b9-c7-s227","source":"Прокурор и следователь имели тоже чрезвычайно усталый вид.","translation":"The prosecutor and the investigator also had an extremely weary look about them.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"имели… усталый вид","title":"«иметь вид» — to have an appearance","body":"«имели… усталый вид» — \"had a weary look\" — uses «иметь вид» (to look, appear) with the manner adjective «усталый» agreeing with «вид» in the accusative. «чрезвычайно» (extremely) intensifies it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of имели","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"следователь","lemma":"следователь","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Прокурор","gloss":"the investigator"},{"surface":"имели","lemma":"иметь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"тоже","lemma":"тоже","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies имели","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"чрезвычайно","lemma":"чрезвычайно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies усталый","gloss":"extremely"},{"surface":"усталый","lemma":"усталый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вид","gloss":"weary"},{"surface":"вид","lemma":"вид","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of имели","gloss":"a look"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b9-c7-s228","source":"Наставшее утро было ненастное, всё небо затянулось облаками, и дождь лил как из ведра.","translation":"The morning that had dawned was foul, the whole sky was overcast with clouds, and the rain came down in buckets.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Наставшее утро","title":"Past active participle «наставшее»","body":"«наставшее» is the past active participle of «настать» (to set in, arrive — of time) modifying «утро» — \"the morning that had set in.\" The participle quietly packs a prior event into a single adjective."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ненастное","title":"«ненастный» — foul (of weather)","body":"«ненастный» means \"foul, inclement, rainy,\" said of weather (noun «ненастье» — bad weather). The bleak morning mirrors Mitya's irrevocable despair — pathetic fallacy at the chapter's close."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"дождь лил как из ведра","title":"Idiom «как из ведра»","body":"«лил как из ведра» (poured as if from a bucket) is the standard Russian idiom for torrential rain — English \"raining buckets / cats and dogs.\" «лил» is imperfective, the rain pouring on and on."}],"words":[{"surface":"Наставшее","lemma":"наставший","morphology":"participle, past, active, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies утро","gloss":"that had dawned"},{"surface":"утро","lemma":"утро","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ненастное","gloss":"the morning"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to ненастное","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ненастное","lemma":"ненастный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"foul"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of небо","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"небо","lemma":"небо","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of затянулось","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"затянулось","lemma":"затянуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of second clause, coordinated with было","gloss":"was overcast"},{"surface":"облаками","lemma":"облако","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of затянулось","gloss":"with clouds"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"дождь","lemma":"дождь","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of лил","gloss":"the rain"},{"surface":"лил","lemma":"лить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of third clause, coordinated with затянулось","gloss":"came down"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как из ведра","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"из","lemma":"из","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase как из ведра","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ведра","lemma":"ведро","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase как из ведра","gloss":"a bucket","note":"как из ведра is an idiom for heavy, driving rain — \"in buckets.\""}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b9-c7-s229","source":"Митя без мысли смотрел на окна.","translation":"Mitya gazed vacantly at the windows.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"без мысли смотрел","title":"Imperfective «смотрел» of blank gazing","body":"«смотрел» (imperfective past) holds Mitya's vacant gazing as a continuous state — \"gazed without a thought.\" The phrase «без мысли» recurs (s221) as a leitmotif of his numbed mind."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of смотрел","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"без","lemma":"без","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мысли","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"мысли","lemma":"мысль","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of смотрел","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"смотрел","lemma":"смотреть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gazed"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking окна","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"окна","lemma":"окно","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of смотрел","gloss":"the windows"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b9-c7-s230","source":"— А можно мне в окно поглядеть? — спросил он вдруг Николая Парфеновича.","translation":"\"May I look out the window?\" he suddenly asked Nikolai Parfenovich.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"можно мне в окно поглядеть","title":"Impersonal «можно» + dative «мне»","body":"«можно мне… поглядеть?» — \"may I look?\" — is the impersonal permission word «можно» with the dative experiencer «мне» and a perfective infinitive. There is no nominative subject; the dative names the one asking leave."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"можно","lemma":"можно","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of можно","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking окно","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"окно","lemma":"окно","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of поглядеть","gloss":"the window"},{"surface":"поглядеть","lemma":"поглядеть","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on можно","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"спросил","lemma":"спросить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the narrator's clause","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of спросил","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies спросил","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"Николая","lemma":"Николай","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of спросил","gloss":"Nikolai"},{"surface":"Парфеновича","lemma":"Парфенович","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Николая","gloss":"Parfenovich"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b9-c7-s231","source":"— О, сколько вам угодно, — ответил тот.","translation":"\"Oh, as much as you like,\" the other replied.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"сколько вам угодно","title":"Idiom «сколько угодно» + dative","body":"«сколько вам угодно» — \"as much as you please\" — pairs «угодно» (pleasing) with the dative «вам» in a polite impersonal frame: whatever is agreeable to you."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"ответил тот","title":"Anaphoric «тот» — \"the other\"","body":"«тот» (literally \"that one\") here picks out the previously mentioned person — \"the other [man] replied,\" i.e. Nikolai Parfenovich. The far demonstrative serves to track referents in narration."}],"words":[{"surface":"О","lemma":"о","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"сколько","lemma":"сколько","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"parallel clause to О","gloss":"as much"},{"surface":"вам","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"dative complement of угодно","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"угодно","lemma":"угодно","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate with вам, modified by сколько","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ответил","lemma":"ответить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the narrator's clause","gloss":"replied"},{"surface":"тот","lemma":"тот","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ответил","gloss":"the other"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b9-c7-s232","source":"Митя встал и подошел к окну.","translation":"Mitya got up and went over to the window.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"встал и подошел к окну","title":"Chained perfectives + prefixed «подойти»","body":"Two perfectives «встал… подошёл» advance the action step by step: rose, then went up. «подошёл» (от «подойти», pod- = up to) is a prefixed motion verb governing «к окну» (to the window) in the dative after «к»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of встал","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"встал","lemma":"встать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got up"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"подошел","lemma":"подойти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with встал","gloss":"went over"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking окну","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"окну","lemma":"окно","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of подошел","gloss":"the window"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b9-c7-s233","source":"Дождь так и сек в маленькие зеленоватые стекла окошек.","translation":"The rain lashed away at the little greenish panes of the small windows.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"так и сек","title":"Intensifying «так и» + imperfective","body":"«так и сек» — \"just lashed away\" — uses the emphatic «так и» before the verb to convey vigorous, unrelenting action. «сёк» is imperfective past of «сечь» (to lash, whip), the rain beating on without let-up."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"стекла окошек","title":"«окошко» — little window (diminutive)","body":"«окошек» is the genitive plural of «окошко», a diminutive of «окно» (window). The «-ошк-» suffix paints the panes as small and humble, matching the «маленькие зеленоватые стёкла» (little greenish glass) of a poor village house."}],"words":[{"surface":"Дождь","lemma":"дождь","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of сек","gloss":"the rain"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase так и","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase так и","gloss":"kept on"},{"surface":"сек","lemma":"сечь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lashed away"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стекла","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"маленькие","lemma":"маленький","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies стекла","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"зеленоватые","lemma":"зеленоватый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies стекла","gloss":"greenish"},{"surface":"стекла","lemma":"стекло","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of сек","gloss":"panes"},{"surface":"окошек","lemma":"окошко","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"modifies стекла","gloss":"of the small windows"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b9-c7-s234","source":"Виднелась прямо под окном грязная дорога, а там дальше, в дождливой мгле, черные, бедные, неприглядные ряды изб, еще более, казалось, почерневших и победневших от дождя.","translation":"Directly below the window a muddy road could be seen, and beyond it, farther off in the rainy murk, the black, poor, dismal rows of peasant huts, seeming to have turned even blacker and poorer in the rain.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Виднелась прямо под окном грязная дорога","title":"Reflexive «виднеться» + verb-first order","body":"«виднелась» (от «виднеться», -ся) means \"could be seen, showed itself\" — a middle/intransitive use of «-ся». Beginning with the verb before its subject «дорога» throws weight onto the unfolding scene revealed below the window."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ряды изб","title":"«изба» — peasant log hut","body":"An «изба» is a traditional peasant wooden hut; «изб» is its genitive plural. The «ряды изб» (rows of huts) sketch the poor village outside, blackened and shabby in the rain."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"почерневших и победневших от дождя","title":"Past active participles + «от» of cause","body":"«почерневших и победневших» are past active participles of «почернеть» (turn black) and «победнеть» (grow poor), in genitive plural agreeing with «изб». «от дождя» (\"from the rain\") gives the cause, «от» governing the genitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Виднелась","lemma":"виднеться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could be seen"},{"surface":"прямо","lemma":"прямо","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies под окном","gloss":"directly"},{"surface":"под","lemma":"под","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking окном","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"окном","lemma":"окно","morphology":"noun, instrumental, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of Виднелась","gloss":"the window"},{"surface":"грязная","lemma":"грязный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies дорога","gloss":"muddy"},{"surface":"дорога","lemma":"дорога","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Виднелась","gloss":"a road"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"там","lemma":"там","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies дальше","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"дальше","lemma":"далеко","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the elided Виднелась (coordinate clause)","gloss":"farther off"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мгле","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"дождливой","lemma":"дождливый","morphology":"adjective, locative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies мгле","gloss":"rainy"},{"surface":"мгле","lemma":"мгла","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, singular","role":"locates дальше","gloss":"murk"},{"surface":"черные","lemma":"чёрный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies ряды","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"бедные","lemma":"бедный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with черные","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"неприглядные","lemma":"неприглядный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with черные","gloss":"dismal"},{"surface":"ряды","lemma":"ряд","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of the elided Виднелась, coordinate with дорога","gloss":"rows"},{"surface":"изб","lemma":"изба","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ряды","gloss":"of huts"},{"surface":"еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies более","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"более","lemma":"более","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies почерневших","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"казалось","lemma":"казаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause inserted before почерневших","gloss":"it seemed"},{"surface":"почерневших","lemma":"почернеть","morphology":"verb, past, active, participle, plural, genitive, perfective","role":"clause modifying ряды","gloss":"grown blacker"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"победневших","lemma":"победнеть","morphology":"verb, past, active, participle, plural, genitive, perfective","role":"coordinated with почерневших","gloss":"grown poorer"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking дождя","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"дождя","lemma":"дождь","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of почерневших/победневших","gloss":"the rain"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b9-c7-s235","source":"Митя вспомнил про «Феба златокудрого» и как он хотел застрелиться с первым лучом его.","translation":"Mitya remembered \"golden-haired Phoebus\" and how he had meant to shoot himself with the god's first ray.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"златокудрого","title":"«злато-» — Slavonic \"gold\"","body":"«злато-» is the Church-Slavonic, elevated doublet of native «золото» (gold); «златокудрый» = \"golden-haired.\" The lofty Slavonic compound marks the phrase as poetic quotation, clashing with the squalid scene before him."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"хотел застрелиться с первым лучом","title":"Reflexive «застрелиться» + instrumental «с… лучом»","body":"«застрелиться» (-ся) is \"to shoot oneself,\" the reflexive turning the act on the subject. «с первым лучом» — \"with the first ray\" — pairs «с» with the instrumental to mean \"at the moment of, together with.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"Митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of вспомнил","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"вспомнил","lemma":"вспомнить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"про","lemma":"про","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Феба","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Феба","lemma":"Феб","morphology":"proper noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вспомнил","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"златокудрого","lemma":"златокудрый","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Феба","gloss":"golden-haired"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of хотел","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of хотел","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"хотел","lemma":"хотеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the как-clause, complement of вспомнил","gloss":"had meant"},{"surface":"застрелиться","lemma":"застрелиться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of хотел","gloss":"to shoot himself"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking лучом","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"первым","lemma":"первый","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"modifies лучом","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"лучом","lemma":"луч","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of застрелиться","gloss":"ray"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner","role":"possessive determiner of лучом","gloss":"his/the god's","note":"Refers back to Феб — 'his first ray', i.e. the sun-god's first ray at dawn."}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b9-c7-s236","source":"«Пожалуй, в такое утро было бы и лучше», — усмехнулся он и вдруг, махнув сверху вниз рукой, повернулся к «истязателям»:","translation":"\"On a morning like this it might even be better,\" he said with a wry smile, and suddenly, with a downward sweep of his hand, he turned to the \"tormentors\":","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Пожалуй, в такое утро было бы и лучше","title":"Conditional «было бы» + comparative «лучше»","body":"«было бы… лучше» is the conditional «бы» on neuter «было» plus the suppletive comparative «лучше» (better, from «хороший») — \"it might even be better.\" «пожалуй» (\"perhaps, I daresay\") and «и» (\"even\") soften and intensify the grim musing."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"махнув сверху вниз рукой","title":"Perfective gerund «махнув»","body":"«махнув» is the perfective past gerund («деепричастие») of «махнуть» — \"having waved / with a wave.\" It expresses an action accompanying the main «повернулся», sharing its subject, and condenses the gesture into one adverbial word."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"повернулся к «истязателям»","title":"Reflexive «повернуться» + «к» + dative","body":"«повернулся» (-ся, perfective — turned [himself]) governs «к истязателям» (toward the tormentors) in the dative after «к». «истязатели» — his bitter epithet from s218 — returns, now in quotation marks as the narrator borrows Mitya's word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Пожалуй","lemma":"пожалуй","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies лучше","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking утро","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"такое","lemma":"такой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of утро","gloss":"a ... like this"},{"surface":"утро","lemma":"утро","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"temporal complement of лучше","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"было","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"copula linking to лучше","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of лучше","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies лучше","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"лучше","lemma":"хороший","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"усмехнулся","lemma":"усмехнуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave a wry smile"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of усмехнулся","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вдруг","lemma":"вдруг","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies повернулся","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"махнув","lemma":"махнуть","morphology":"verb, past, active, converb, perfective","role":"adverbial clause on повернулся","gloss":"sweeping"},{"surface":"сверху","lemma":"сверху","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies махнув","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"вниз","lemma":"вниз","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies махнув","gloss":"downward"},{"surface":"рукой","lemma":"рука","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"instrumental complement of махнув","gloss":"with his hand"},{"surface":"повернулся","lemma":"повернуться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with усмехнулся","gloss":"he turned"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking истязателям","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"истязателям","lemma":"истязатель","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of повернулся","gloss":"the tormentors"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b9-c7-s237","source":"— Господа! — воскликнул он, — я ведь вижу, что я пропал.","translation":"\"Gentlemen!\" he exclaimed, \"I do see that I am done for.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"я ведь вижу","title":"Particle «ведь» — \"after all\"","body":"«ведь» appeals to shared, undeniable knowledge — \"I do see, after all / you see.\" This tiny modal particle, untranslatable except by stress, gives Mitya's outburst its note of insistent self-evidence."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"я пропал","title":"«пропасть» — to be lost/done for","body":"«пропал» (perfective of «пропасть») literally \"perished, was lost,\" idiomatically \"I'm done for, it's all over for me.\" The same verb recurs at s239 («пропадёт») of Grushenka — Mitya fears she will be \"lost\" along with him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural (vocative use)","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Gentlemen"},{"surface":"воскликнул","lemma":"воскликнуть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"he exclaimed"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of воскликнул","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of вижу","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies вижу","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"вижу","lemma":"видеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of я вижу clause","gloss":"do see"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of пропал","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of пропал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"пропал","lemma":"пропасть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clausal complement of вижу","gloss":"am done for"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b9-c7-s238","source":"Но она?","translation":"But what of her?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Но она?","title":"Topic-only elliptical question","body":"«Но она?» — \"But she?\" — is a bare topic with the comment left to be supplied (\"what of her?\"). Russian readily leaves such elliptical questions, the «она» pointing unmistakably to Grushenka."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b9-c7-s239","source":"Скажите мне про нее, умоляю вас, неужели и она пропадет со мной?","translation":"Tell me about her, I implore you — is she really to perish along with me?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"умоляю вас","title":"«умолять» + accusative — to implore","body":"«умоляю вас» (I implore you) is imperfective present, the verb governing the accusative «вас». The present tense renders the pleading as live and ongoing."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"неужели и она пропадет со мной","title":"Particle «неужели» + «и» (even)","body":"«неужели» is the particle of anxious incredulity — \"is it really possible that…?\" Here «и она» means \"she too / even she,\" Mitya dreading that Grushenka will perish alongside him. «пропадёт» is perfective future."}],"words":[{"surface":"Скажите","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, imperative, active, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Tell"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of Скажите","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"про","lemma":"про","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нее","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"нее","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Скажите","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"умоляю","lemma":"умолять","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"coordinated with Скажите","gloss":"I implore"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of умоляю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"неужели","lemma":"неужели","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the rhetorical question","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies она","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of пропадет","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"пропадет","lemma":"пропасть","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, third, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"is to perish"},{"surface":"со","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking мной","gloss":"along with"},{"surface":"мной","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, singular","role":"oblique complement of пропадет","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b9-c7-s240","source":"Ведь она невинна, ведь она вчера кричала не в уме, что «во всем виновата».","translation":"She is innocent, after all — when she cried out yesterday that she was 'guilty of everything,' she was out of her mind.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ведь она невинна","title":"«ведь» + short adjective «невинна»","body":"«невинна» is the short (predicative) form of «невинный» (innocent), feminine singular — bookish and absolute, \"she is innocent.\" The particle «ведь» again presses the point as self-evident: \"she is innocent, after all.\""},{"kind":"grammar","term":"кричала не в уме","title":"Imperfective «кричала» of the cry","body":"«кричала» (imperfective past) presents the crying out as the ongoing manner of her speech yesterday; «не в уме» (out of her mind) is the fixed phrase excusing her self-accusation as madness, not truth."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies невинна","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of невинна","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"невинна","lemma":"невинный","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"is innocent"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies кричала","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of кричала","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"вчера","lemma":"вчера","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies кричала","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"кричала","lemma":"кричать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the ведь-clause","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies в уме","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking уме","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"уме","lemma":"ум","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of кричала","gloss":"her right mind","note":"'не в уме' is idiomatic for 'out of her mind' / delirious, not a literal statement about location."},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of виновата","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"во","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking всем","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"всем","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of виновата","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"виновата","lemma":"виноватый","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of кричала","gloss":"guilty"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b9-c7-s241","source":"Она ни в чем, ни в чем не виновата!","translation":"She is guilty of nothing, of nothing at all!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ни в чем, ни в чем не виновата","title":"Doubled «ни» and negative concord","body":"«ни в чём» («in nothing») reinforces the negated predicate «не виновата», and Mitya repeats it for emotional weight. Russian requires the verb to keep «не» even alongside an «ни»-word, so the literal shape is a double negative meaning a single, absolute 'guilty of nothing at all'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"виновата","title":"Short adjective as predicate","body":"«виновата» is the short feminine form of «виноватый» (guilty), used predicatively of «она». The short form here states an absolute condition — 'she is [not] guilty' — in the bookish, categorical register the long form would soften."}],"words":[{"surface":"Она","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of виновата","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the negative correlative construction","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чем","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of виновата","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the negative correlative construction","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чем","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of виновата","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies виновата","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"виновата","lemma":"виноватый","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of Она","gloss":"is guilty"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b9-c7-s242","source":"Я всю ночь скорбел, с вами сидя… Нельзя ли, не можете ли мне сказать: что вы с нею теперь сделаете?","translation":"I have grieved the whole night through, sitting here with you... Could you not — can you not tell me: what will you do with her now?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"с вами сидя","title":"Imperfective gerund «сидя»","body":"«сидя» («sitting») is the imperfective adverbial participle («деепричастие») of «сидеть», naming an action going on at the same time as the main verb «скорбел». It must share the main subject (Mitya), and folds 'as I sat with you' into one compact, literary phrase."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Нельзя ли, не можете ли мне сказать","title":"Interrogative «ли» softening a request","body":"The enclitic «ли» follows the fronted focus word to form a tentative yes/no question: «Нельзя ли…?» ('Might it not be possible…?'), «не можете ли…?» ('can you not…?'). Paired with «не», it makes the request gentler and more pleading than a bare question would."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"что вы с нею теперь сделаете","title":"Perfective future «сделаете»","body":"«сделаете» is the perfective «сделать» conjugated with present-tense endings, which yields a completed future: 'what will you do (and have done) with her'. Mitya asks about a single resolved outcome, not an ongoing process."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"скорбел","title":"«скорбеть» — to grieve, to sorrow","body":"«скорбеть» is an elevated, bookish verb for deep grief or affliction, weightier than ordinary «грустить» or «горевать». It carries a near-liturgical solemnity fitting to Mitya's anguished night-long vigil."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"с нею","title":"Archaic instrumental «нею»","body":"«нею» is the older, fuller variant of the instrumental «ней» ('with her'), common in 19th-century prose. It is purely stylistic — the same case and meaning, with a more literary ring."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of скорбел","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"всю","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ночь","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"ночь","lemma":"ночь","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of скорбел (duration)","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"скорбел","lemma":"скорбеть","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have grieved"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking вами","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"вами","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, plural","role":"oblique complement of сидя","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"сидя","lemma":"сидеть","morphology":"verb, present, active, converb, imperfective","role":"adverbial clause on скорбел","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"Нельзя","lemma":"нельзя","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Could ... not"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Нельзя","gloss":"[question marker]"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies можете","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"можете","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with Нельзя","gloss":"can you"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies можете","gloss":"[question marker]"},{"surface":"мне","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of сказать","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"сказать","lemma":"сказать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of можете","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of сделаете, direct object of сказать","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of сделаете","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking нею","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"нею","lemma":"она","morphology":"pronoun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сделаете","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сделаете","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"сделаете","lemma":"сделать","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of сказать","gloss":"will you do"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b9-c7-s243","source":"— Решительно успокойтесь на этот счет, Дмитрий Федорович, — тотчас же и с видимою поспешностью ответил прокурор, — мы не имеем пока никаких значительных мотивов хоть в чем-нибудь обеспокоить особу, которою вы так интересуетесь.","translation":"\"Set your mind entirely at rest on that score, Dmitri Fyodorovich,\" the prosecutor answered at once, and with evident haste, \"so far we have no significant grounds for troubling, in any respect whatever, the person in whom you take such an interest.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Решительно успокойтесь","title":"Reflexive imperative «успокойтесь»","body":"«успокойтесь» is the polite/plural imperative of the reflexive «успокоиться» ('to calm down'), the clitic «-ся» (here «-сь» after the vowel) giving the verb its middle, change-of-state sense. «Решительно» ('decidedly, utterly') intensifies the reassurance."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"никаких значительных мотивов","title":"Genitive of negation","body":"After negated «не имеем» ('we do not have') the object stands in the genitive: «никаких значительных мотивов» (gen. pl.), not the accusative. The «ни»-word «никаких» also triggers negative concord with «не»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"особу, которою вы так интересуетесь","title":"Relative «которою» in the instrumental","body":"«который» agrees with its antecedent «особу» in gender and number but takes whatever case its own clause demands — here the instrumental «которою» (an archaic variant of «которой») governed by «интересоваться» ('to take an interest in', which requires the instrumental)."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"на этот счет","title":"Idiom «на этот счёт» — on that score","body":"A fixed expression meaning 'in that regard, concerning that'. The prosecutor's bureaucratic poise shows in such set phrases beside «решительно» and «в этом смысле»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Решительно","lemma":"решительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies успокойтесь","gloss":"entirely"},{"surface":"успокойтесь","lemma":"успокоиться","morphology":"verb, imperative, middle, second, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set your mind at rest"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking счет","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"этот","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of счет","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"счет","lemma":"счёт","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of успокойтесь","gloss":"score"},{"surface":"Дмитрий","lemma":"Дмитрий","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Dmitri"},{"surface":"Федорович","lemma":"Фёдорович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Дмитрий, part of vocative address","gloss":"Fyodorovich"},{"surface":"тотчас","lemma":"тотчас","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ответил","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies тотчас","gloss":"[emphasis]"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking видимою","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"видимою","lemma":"видимый","morphology":"adjective, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"modifies поспешностью","gloss":"evident"},{"surface":"поспешностью","lemma":"поспешность","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ответил","gloss":"haste"},{"surface":"ответил","lemma":"ответить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"прокурор","lemma":"прокурор","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ответил","gloss":"the prosecutor"},{"surface":"мы","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of имеем","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies имеем","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"имеем","lemma":"иметь","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, plural, imperfective","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"пока","lemma":"пока","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies имеем","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"никаких","lemma":"никакой","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of мотивов","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"значительных","lemma":"значительный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies мотивов","gloss":"significant"},{"surface":"мотивов","lemma":"мотив","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of имеем","gloss":"grounds"},{"surface":"хоть","lemma":"хоть","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies чем-нибудь","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking чем-нибудь","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"чем","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of обеспокоить","gloss":"any respect"},{"surface":"нибудь","lemma":"нибудь","morphology":"particle","role":"forms the indefinite pronoun чем-нибудь","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"обеспокоить","lemma":"обеспокоить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of имеем","gloss":"to trouble"},{"surface":"особу","lemma":"особа","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of обеспокоить","gloss":"the person"},{"surface":"которою","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, relative, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of интересуетесь","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of интересуетесь","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies интересуетесь","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"интересуетесь","lemma":"интересоваться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, second, plural, imperfective","role":"predicate of the relative clause modifying особу","gloss":"take an interest in"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b9-c7-s244","source":"В дальнейшем ходе дела, надеюсь, окажется то же… Напротив, сделаем в этом смысле всё, что только можно с нашей стороны.","translation":"In the further course of the case, I trust, the same will prove true... On the contrary, in this regard we shall do everything that can possibly be done on our part.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"окажется то же","title":"Reflexive «окажется» as future","body":"«окажется» is the perfective reflexive «оказаться» ('to turn out, prove to be') conjugated with present endings for a completed future: 'the same will prove true'. The «-ся» gives the intransitive 'turn out' sense."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"сделаем в этом смысле всё, что только можно","title":"Perfective future «сделаем»","body":"«сделаем» (perfective «сделать», 1st pl.) promises a single, accomplished future act: 'we shall do everything'. The emphatic «что только можно» ('all that is at all possible') leans on «только» for force."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"в этом смысле","title":"«в этом смысле» — in this regard","body":"Literally 'in this sense', but idiomatically 'in this respect, to this end'. Another piece of the prosecutor's measured officialese."}],"words":[{"surface":"В","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ходе","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"дальнейшем","lemma":"дальнейший","morphology":"adjective, locative, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ходе","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"ходе","lemma":"ход","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of окажется","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"дела","lemma":"дело","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies ходе","gloss":"of the case"},{"surface":"надеюсь","lemma":"надеяться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, first, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause inserted into the main clause","gloss":"I trust"},{"surface":"окажется","lemma":"оказаться","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, middle, third, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will prove"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of окажется","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies то","gloss":"[emphasis, 'the same']"},{"surface":"Напротив","lemma":"напротив","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the contrasting clause, modifies сделаем","gloss":"On the contrary"},{"surface":"сделаем","lemma":"сделать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we shall do"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking смысле","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"этом","lemma":"этот","morphology":"determiner, locative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of смысле","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"смысле","lemma":"смысл","morphology":"noun, locative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сделаем","gloss":"regard"},{"surface":"всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of сделаем","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, relative, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"relative pronoun referring to всё, complement of можно","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"только","lemma":"только","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies можно","gloss":"possibly"},{"surface":"можно","lemma":"можно","morphology":"adverb","role":"clause modifying всё","gloss":"can be done"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стороны","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"нашей","lemma":"наш","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of стороны","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"стороны","lemma":"сторона","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of можно","gloss":"part"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b9-c7-s245","source":"Будьте совершенно спокойны.","translation":"Be perfectly easy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Будьте совершенно спокойны","title":"Imperative «будьте» + short adjective","body":"«Будьте» is the polite imperative of «быть» ('be'), and «спокойны» the short plural form of «спокойный», used predicatively. The short adjective gives the reassurance a crisp, formulaic finality: 'be perfectly easy'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Будьте","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperative, active, second, plural, imperfective","role":"copula linking to спокойны","gloss":"Be"},{"surface":"совершенно","lemma":"совершенно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies спокойны","gloss":"perfectly"},{"surface":"спокойны","lemma":"спокойный","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"easy"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b9-c7-s246","source":"— Господа, благодарю вас, я ведь так и знал, что вы все-таки же честные и справедливые люди, несмотря ни на что.","translation":"\"Gentlemen, I thank you — for I knew all along that you were, after all, honorable and just men, in spite of everything.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"я ведь так и знал","title":"Particle «ведь» appealing to shared sense","body":"«ведь» ('after all, you see') invokes a truth Mitya feels self-evident — that these are honest men. Combined with «так и знал» ('I knew it all along'), it gives his outburst its warm, confiding tone."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"все-таки же","title":"Stacked particles «всё-таки же»","body":"Mitya piles up emphatic particles: «всё-таки» ('all the same, after all') plus insistent «же». Such clustering is pure spoken texture, conveying his fervent relief — almost untranslatable except by stress in English."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"несмотря ни на что","title":"Concessive «несмотря ни на что»","body":"A fixed concessive phrase, 'in spite of everything / no matter what'. The «ни на что» again shows negative concord — «ни» splitting around the preposition «на» to mean 'on nothing whatever'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"справедливые","title":"«справедливый» — just, fair","body":"«справедливый» means 'just, righteous, fair-dealing', paired here with «честные» ('honest'). Together they name the moral qualities Mitya, in his exalted gratitude, wants to believe his interrogators possess."}],"words":[{"surface":"Господа","lemma":"господин","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural (vocative use)","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Gentlemen"},{"surface":"благодарю","lemma":"благодарить","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, first, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I thank"},{"surface":"вас","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of благодарю","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of знал","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies знал","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies знал","gloss":"all along"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase так и знал","gloss":"[idiom: 'knew all along']"},{"surface":"знал","lemma":"знать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of люди","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of люди","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"всё-таки","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the все-таки idiom, modifies люди","gloss":"after all","note":"'все-таки же' is an emphatic idiom meaning 'after all / nevertheless.'"},{"surface":"таки","lemma":"всё-таки","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the все-таки idiom, modifies люди","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies таки","gloss":"[emphasis]"},{"surface":"честные","lemma":"честный","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"modifies люди","gloss":"honorable"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"справедливые","lemma":"справедливый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"coordinated with честные","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"люди","lemma":"человек","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"clausal complement of знал","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"несмотря","lemma":"несмотря","morphology":"preposition (deverbal)","role":"introduces несмотря ни на что, modifies знал","gloss":"in spite"},{"surface":"ни","lemma":"ни","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase несмотря","gloss":"[emphasis]"},{"surface":"на","lemma":"на","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking что","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of несмотря","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b9-c7-s247","source":"Вы сняли бремя с души… Ну, что же мы теперь будем делать?","translation":"You have lifted a weight from my soul... Well then, what are we to do now?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Вы сняли бремя с души","title":"Perfective past «сняли»","body":"«сняли» (perfective «снять», 'to take off, remove') reports a single completed result: the weight is now lifted. The genitive «с души» ('from the soul') follows the preposition «с» in its 'off/from' sense."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"что же мы теперь будем делать","title":"Compound future «будем делать»","body":"«будем делать» is the imperfective compound future — «быть» (будем) plus the imperfective infinitive «делать» — naming an open, ongoing 'what are we to be doing now'. The particle «же» lends the question urgency."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"бремя","title":"«бремя» — burden (a rare neuter)","body":"«бремя» ('burden, weight') is one of a small class of neuter nouns in «-мя» (like «время», «имя») that decline irregularly. It is elevated and slightly archaic, fitting the spiritual register of 'a weight off my soul'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вы","lemma":"вы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of сняли","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"сняли","lemma":"снять","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have lifted"},{"surface":"бремя","lemma":"бремя","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of сняли","gloss":"a weight"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking души","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"души","lemma":"душа","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of сняли","gloss":"my soul"},{"surface":"Ну","lemma":"ну","morphology":"particle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of делать","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies что","gloss":"[emphasis]"},{"surface":"мы","lemma":"мы","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of делать","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"теперь","lemma":"теперь","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies делать","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"будем","lemma":"быть","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, active, first, plural, imperfective","role":"auxiliary of делать","gloss":"are to"},{"surface":"делать","lemma":"делать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"main verb of the question, following Ну","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b9-c7-s248","source":"Я готов.","translation":"I am ready.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Я готов","title":"Short adjective «готов»","body":"«готов» is the short masculine form of «готовый» ('ready'), the predicative form Russian prefers for such momentary states. Stripped to two words, the line gives Mitya's resolve a stark, final force."}],"words":[{"surface":"Я","lemma":"я","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of готов","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"готов","lemma":"готовый","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"am ready"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b9-c7-s249","source":"— Да вот-с, поспешить бы надо. Нужно неотложно перейти к допросу свидетелей.","translation":"\"Why yes, sir, we ought to be quick about it. We must proceed without delay to the examination of the witnesses.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Да вот-с","title":"The deferential clitic «-с»","body":"The «-с» tacked onto «вот» is the «словоерс», an abbreviation of «сударь» ('sir') once added for politeness or servility. In Dostoevsky it flavours speech as deferential, ingratiating, or self-deprecating — here the official's clerkly courtesy."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"поспешить бы надо","title":"Conditional «бы» softening necessity","body":"«бы» attached to the infinitive construction «поспешить надо» ('one ought to hurry') turns a flat necessity into a tactful suggestion: 'we ought really to be quick'. The mobile particle softens the prompt to act."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Нужно неотложно перейти к допросу свидетелей","title":"Impersonal «нужно» + infinitive","body":"«Нужно… перейти» is an impersonal necessity construction with no nominative subject, the predicate word «нужно» plus a perfective infinitive. «Перейти к» ('to proceed to') governs the dative «к допросу»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"неотложно","title":"«неотложно» — without delay","body":"A formal adverb, 'urgently, without postponement' (from «отложить», to put off). It belongs to the bureaucratic-legal lexicon governing the interrogation procedure."}],"words":[{"surface":"Да","lemma":"да","morphology":"particle","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"Why yes"},{"surface":"вот","lemma":"вот","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Да","gloss":"[filler]"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"-с","morphology":"particle (archaic polite enclitic)","role":"attaches politeness to вот","gloss":"sir","note":"The enclitic '-с' is a fossil of 'сударь' ('sir'), a mark of deferential politeness in old-fashioned speech, not the preposition 'with'."},{"surface":"поспешить","lemma":"поспешить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on надо","gloss":"to be quick"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of надо","gloss":"[softens the suggestion]"},{"surface":"надо","lemma":"надо","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"we ought"},{"surface":"Нужно","lemma":"нужно","morphology":"adverb (predicative)","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"We must"},{"surface":"неотложно","lemma":"неотложно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies перейти","gloss":"without delay"},{"surface":"перейти","lemma":"перейти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"depends on Нужно","gloss":"proceed"},{"surface":"к","lemma":"к","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking допросу","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"допросу","lemma":"допрос","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of перейти","gloss":"the examination"},{"surface":"свидетелей","lemma":"свидетель","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"modifies допросу","gloss":"of the witnesses"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b9-c7-s250","source":"Всё это должно произойти непременно в вашем присутствии, а потому…","translation":"All of this must take place strictly in your presence, and therefore...\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"должно произойти непременно в вашем присутствии","title":"Modal «должно» + perfective infinitive","body":"«должно произойти» ('must take place') pairs the modal «должно» with the perfective «произойти» ('to occur, come to pass'), viewing the event as a single whole. «Непременно» ('without fail') stiffens it into a legal requirement."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"в вашем присутствии","title":"Prepositional after «в»","body":"«в вашем присутствии» ('in your presence') uses «в» with the prepositional case to mark a static circumstance rather than motion. The adjective «вашем» and noun «присутствии» both carry the prepositional ending."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"а потому…","title":"Causal «а потому»","body":"«а потому» ('and therefore') chains a consequence onto the preceding statement, with the contrastive «а» giving a slight pivot of thought. The trailing dash leaves the official's conclusion unspoken, cut off by the next speaker."}],"words":[{"surface":"Всё","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of это","gloss":"All"},{"surface":"это","lemma":"это","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of должно","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"должно","lemma":"должный","morphology":"adjective, neuter, singular (predicative)","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"произойти","lemma":"произойти","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"complement of должно","gloss":"take place"},{"surface":"непременно","lemma":"непременно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies произойти","gloss":"strictly"},{"surface":"в","lemma":"в","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking присутствии","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"вашем","lemma":"ваш","morphology":"determiner, locative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of присутствии","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"присутствии","lemma":"присутствие","morphology":"noun, locative, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of произойти","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"потому","lemma":"потому","morphology":"adverb","role":"continues the coordination (trails off)","gloss":"therefore"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b9-c7-s251","source":"— А не выпить ли сперва чайку? — перебил Николай Парфенович, — ведь уж, кажется, заслужили!","translation":"\"But shouldn't we have some tea first?\" Nikolai Parfenovich broke in. \"Surely we've earned it by now!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"А не выпить ли сперва чайку?","title":"«не… ли» as a tentative proposal","body":"The frame «не выпить ли…?» ('shouldn't we have…?') uses interrogative «ли» with «не» plus an infinitive to float a gentle suggestion. It is the idiomatic Russian way to propose doing something together."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"чайку","title":"Partitive diminutive «чайку»","body":"«чайку» is a partitive-genitive diminutive of «чай» ('a little tea, some tea'), the cosy «-к-» suffix adding warmth rather than smallness. It instantly signals a friendly, informal break from the proceedings."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"ведь уж, кажется, заслужили","title":"Particles «ведь» and «уж»","body":"«ведь» ('after all') and «уж» ('surely, by now') together make the remark coaxing and collegial — 'we've earned it, haven't we?'. Such particle clusters are the very texture of Dostoevsky's casual dialogue."}],"words":[{"surface":"А","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"не","lemma":"не","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies выпить","gloss":"[softens the question]"},{"surface":"выпить","lemma":"выпить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ли","lemma":"ли","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies выпить","gloss":"[question marker]"},{"surface":"сперва","lemma":"сперва","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies выпить","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"чайку","lemma":"чай","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular (partitive, diminutive)","role":"direct object of выпить","gloss":"some tea"},{"surface":"перебил","lemma":"перебить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"broke in"},{"surface":"Николай","lemma":"Николай","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of перебил","gloss":"Nikolai"},{"surface":"Парфенович","lemma":"Парфёнович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Николай","gloss":"Parfenovich"},{"surface":"ведь","lemma":"ведь","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies заслужили","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"уж","lemma":"уж","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies заслужили","gloss":"by now"},{"surface":"кажется","lemma":"казаться","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, middle, third, singular, imperfective","role":"parenthetical clause inserted before заслужили","gloss":"it seems"},{"surface":"заслужили","lemma":"заслужить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the exclamation","gloss":"we've earned it"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b9-c7-s252","source":"Порешили, что если есть готовый чай внизу (ввиду того, что Михаил Макарович наверно ушел «почаевать»), то выпить по стаканчику и затем «продолжать и продолжать».","translation":"They resolved that if there was tea ready downstairs (since Mikhail Makarovich had most likely gone off \"to take his tea\"), they would each drink a glass and then \"go on and on.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Порешили, что если есть готовый чай","title":"Subject-less «порешили» (they resolved)","body":"«Порешили» (perfective, 3rd pl. with no pronoun) uses the indefinite 'they' to report a collective decision without naming who. The «по-» prefix gives «решить» a colloquial, settled-on-it flavour."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"если есть готовый чай внизу… то выпить","title":"Conditional «если… то» with infinitive resolution","body":"The «если… то…» frame ('if there is…, then…') sets up a condition, but the consequence is given by bare infinitives «выпить… продолжать» reporting what was resolved to do — a compressed, indirect rendering of their plan."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"почаевать","title":"«почаевать» — to take tea","body":"A colloquial, slightly folksy verb meaning 'to drink tea, have a tea-break', set in quotation marks as Mikhail Makarovich's own idiom. The narrator wryly borrows his homely word for slipping off for a cup."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"по стаканчику","title":"Diminutive «стаканчик» + distributive «по»","body":"«по стаканчику» means 'a (little) glass each', the preposition «по» distributing one apiece and the diminutive «-чик» softening it to a friendly small glass. Russians traditionally drank tea from glasses in metal holders («подстаканники»), not cups."}],"words":[{"surface":"Порешили","lemma":"порешить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"They resolved"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of выпить","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"если","lemma":"если","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of есть","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"есть","lemma":"быть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"predicate of the если-clause","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"готовый","lemma":"готовый","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies чай","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"чай","lemma":"чай","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of есть","gloss":"tea"},{"surface":"внизу","lemma":"внизу","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies есть","gloss":"downstairs"},{"surface":"ввиду","lemma":"ввиду","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking того","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"того","lemma":"тот","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"object of ввиду, referring forward to the что-clause","gloss":"[the fact]"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ушел, complement of того","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Михаил","lemma":"Михаил","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ушел","gloss":"Mikhail"},{"surface":"Макарович","lemma":"Макарович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Михаил","gloss":"Makarovich"},{"surface":"наверно","lemma":"наверно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ушел","gloss":"most likely"},{"surface":"ушел","lemma":"уйти","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"clause modifying того","gloss":"had gone off"},{"surface":"почаевать","lemma":"почаевать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of ушел","gloss":"to take his tea"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"subordinating conjunction (correlative)","role":"introduces the clause of выпить","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"выпить","lemma":"выпить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"clausal complement of Порешили","gloss":"they would drink"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стаканчику","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"стаканчику","lemma":"стаканчик","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of выпить","gloss":"a glass"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"затем","lemma":"затем","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies продолжать","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"продолжать","lemma":"продолжать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with выпить","gloss":"go on"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"продолжать","lemma":"продолжать","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with продолжать","gloss":"go on"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b9-c7-s253","source":"Настоящий же чай и «закусочку» отложить до более свободного часа.","translation":"Tea in earnest, and \"a little something to eat,\" they would put off until a freer hour.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Настоящий же чай и «закусочку» отложить","title":"Infinitive of resolved intent + «же»","body":"The bare perfective infinitive «отложить» ('to put off') continues the report of what was decided. The particle «же» here contrasts this 'proper tea' with the hasty glass just mentioned, marking the topic shift."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"закусочку","title":"Diminutive «закусочка» — a little something to eat","body":"From «закуска» ('snack, hors d'oeuvre, things eaten with drink'), the affectionate diminutive «закусочка» means 'a nice little bite'. The quotation marks frame it as the genial, anticipatory word of the men promising themselves a proper spread later."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"до более свободного часа","title":"Analytic comparative «более свободного»","body":"«более свободного» ('a freer') forms the attributive comparative with «более» ('more') plus the declined adjective, the bookish alternative to a one-word comparative. The genitive «часа» follows the preposition «до» ('until')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Настоящий","lemma":"настоящий","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies чай","gloss":"Real"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Настоящий","gloss":"[emphasis]"},{"surface":"чай","lemma":"чай","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of отложить","gloss":"tea"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"закусочку","lemma":"закусочка","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with чай","gloss":"a little something to eat"},{"surface":"отложить","lemma":"отложить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put off"},{"surface":"до","lemma":"до","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking часа","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"более","lemma":"более","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies свободного","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"свободного","lemma":"свободный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies часа","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"часа","lemma":"час","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of отложить","gloss":"hour"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b9-c7-s254","source":"Чай действительно нашелся внизу, и его вскорости доставили наверх.","translation":"Tea was indeed found downstairs, and it was shortly brought up.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Чай действительно нашелся внизу","title":"Reflexive «нашёлся» — turned up","body":"«нашёлся» is the perfective reflexive «найтись» ('to be found, to turn up'), the «-ся» making it intransitive: the tea 'found itself', i.e. was there to be had. It frames the discovery as happening of itself rather than by anyone's effort."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"его вскорости доставили наверх","title":"Indefinite-subject «доставили»","body":"«доставили» (perfective, 3rd pl., no subject) again uses the indefinite 'they' for an action whose agent is unimportant — 'it was brought up'. The accusative «его» refers back to the tea."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"вскорости","title":"«вскорости» — shortly, before long","body":"A colloquial, slightly old-fashioned adverb for 'soon, shortly afterward', warmer and more folksy than the neutral «вскоре». It suits the homely register of the tea-fetching interlude."}],"words":[{"surface":"Чай","lemma":"чай","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of нашелся","gloss":"tea"},{"surface":"действительно","lemma":"действительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies нашелся","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"нашелся","lemma":"найтись","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was found"},{"surface":"внизу","lemma":"внизу","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies нашелся","gloss":"downstairs"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of доставили","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"вскорости","lemma":"вскорости","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies доставили","gloss":"shortly"},{"surface":"доставили","lemma":"доставить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, perfective","role":"coordinated with нашелся","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"наверх","lemma":"наверх","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies доставили","gloss":"up"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b9-c7-s255","source":"Митя сначала отказался от стакана, который ему любезно предложил Николай Парфенович, но потом сам попросил и выпил с жадностью.","translation":"At first Mitya refused the glass that Nikolai Parfenovich courteously offered him, but then he asked for it himself and drank it greedily.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Митя сначала отказался… но потом сам попросил и выпил","title":"Chain of perfectives narrating events","body":"Three perfectives in sequence — «отказался» (refused), «попросил» (asked), «выпил» (drank up) — move the story forward as discrete completed acts. This event-by-event perfective chain is how Russian narrates a quick run of actions."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"от стакана, который ему любезно предложил","title":"Relative «который» as object","body":"«который» agrees with «стакана» (masc. sg.) but takes the accusative as direct object of «предложил» within its clause. «Ему» is the dative recipient — 'the glass which [he] offered him'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"сам попросил","title":"Intensifier «сам» — of his own accord","body":"«сам» ('himself, on his own') stresses that the second move was Mitya's own initiative, contrasting with his initial refusal. It points up the swing in his state — pride giving way to thirst."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"с жадностью","title":"«с жадностью» — greedily, avidly","body":"Literally 'with greed', the phrase «с жадностью» renders the manner adverbially. After a sleepless, harrowing night, Mitya's avid gulping of the tea quietly registers his physical exhaustion."}],"words":[{"surface":"Митя","lemma":"митя","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of отказался","gloss":"Mitya"},{"surface":"сначала","lemma":"сначала","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies отказался","gloss":"at first"},{"surface":"отказался","lemma":"отказаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"от","lemma":"от","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking стакана","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"стакана","lemma":"стакан","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of отказался","gloss":"the glass"},{"surface":"который","lemma":"который","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of предложил","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ему","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of предложил","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"любезно","lemma":"любезно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies предложил","gloss":"courteously"},{"surface":"предложил","lemma":"предложить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"relative clause on стакана","gloss":"offered"},{"surface":"Николай","lemma":"николай","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of предложил","gloss":"Nikolai"},{"surface":"Парфенович","lemma":"парфёнович","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Николай","gloss":"Parfenovich"},{"surface":"но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"потом","lemma":"потом","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies попросил","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"сам","lemma":"сам","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies the subject of попросил","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"попросил","lemma":"попросить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with отказался","gloss":"asked for it"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"выпил","lemma":"выпить","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"coordinated with попросил","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"с","lemma":"с","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking жадностью","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"жадностью","lemma":"жадность","morphology":"noun, instrumental, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of выпил","gloss":"greed"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b9-c7-s256","source":"Вообще же имел какой-то даже удивительно измученный вид.","translation":"On the whole he had, indeed, a look that was even astonishingly worn out.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Вообще же имел какой-то даже удивительно измученный вид","title":"Particle «же» resuming the narration","body":"Here «же» is not contrastive but a soft connective resuming the thread — 'and on the whole…'. «Вообще же» turns from the single tea-drinking to a general observation about Mitya's appearance."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"измученный вид","title":"Past passive participle «измученный»","body":"«измученный» ('worn out, tortured') is the past passive participle of perfective «измучить», used attributively before «вид» like an adjective. It describes Mitya as one acted upon — drained by the ordeal."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"какой-то даже удивительно","title":"Indefinite «какой-то» softening a description","body":"«какой-то» ('some sort of, a kind of') with the «-то» particle marks a specific but hard-to-pin-down quality, hedging the narrator's impression. Stacked with «даже» ('even') and «удивительно» ('astonishingly'), it conveys a worn look stronger than the speaker quite expected."}],"words":[{"surface":"Вообще","lemma":"вообще","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies имел","gloss":"on the whole"},{"surface":"же","lemma":"же","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies Вообще","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"имел","lemma":"иметь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"какой","lemma":"какой","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of вид","gloss":"some kind of"},{"surface":"то","lemma":"то","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase какой-то","gloss":"(indefinite)"},{"surface":"даже","lemma":"даже","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies удивительно","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"удивительно","lemma":"удивительно","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies измученный","gloss":"astonishingly"},{"surface":"измученный","lemma":"измученный","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies вид","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"вид","lemma":"вид","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of имел","gloss":"a look"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b9-c7-s257","source":"Казалось бы, при его богатырских силах, что могла значить одна ночь кутежа и хотя бы самых сильных притом ощущений?","translation":"One would have thought that, given his heroic strength, what could a single night of carousing mean — and even one charged with the most violent sensations besides?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Казалось бы","title":"«Казалось бы» — one would have thought","body":"«Казалось бы» fuses the past «казалось» ('it seemed') with the irrealis particle «бы» into a fixed phrase, 'one would have thought / you might suppose'. It sets up an expectation the next clause will overturn."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"что могла значить одна ночь","title":"Imperfective «могла значить»","body":"«могла значить» pairs the imperfective past «могла» with the imperfective infinitive «значить» ('to mean, signify'), posing an open rhetorical question about ongoing significance: 'what could a single night possibly mean?'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"хотя бы самых сильных… ощущений","title":"Concessive «хотя бы»","body":"«хотя бы» ('even, if only') concedes an extreme case — 'even one charged with the most violent sensations'. The «бы» here is part of the fixed concessive, not a conditional verb form."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"богатырских силах","title":"«богатырский» — of heroic, epic strength","body":"«богатырь» is the warrior-hero of Russian folk epic («былина»), and «богатырский» evokes that legendary physical might. Applied to Mitya, it casts his constitution as larger-than-life, sharpening the irony that one night has felled him."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"кутежа","title":"«кутёж» — a wild carouse","body":"«кутёж» (gen. «кутежа») is a riotous spree of drinking and revelry, exactly the kind of dissipation Mitya has just thrown at Mokroye. The word carries a whiff of reckless Russian abandon."}],"words":[{"surface":"Казалось","lemma":"казаться","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, middle, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it would seem"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle, conditional","role":"marks Казалось as conditional","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"при","lemma":"при","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking силах","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"его","lemma":"он","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of силах","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"богатырских","lemma":"богатырский","morphology":"adjective, locative, plural","role":"modifies силах","gloss":"heroic"},{"surface":"силах","lemma":"сила","morphology":"noun, locative, feminine, plural","role":"object of the preposition при","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of значить","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"могла","lemma":"мочь","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of Казалось","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"значить","lemma":"значить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of могла","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"одна","lemma":"один","morphology":"numeral, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"quantifies ночь","gloss":"a single"},{"surface":"ночь","lemma":"ночь","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of значить","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"кутежа","lemma":"кутёж","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ночь","gloss":"of carousing"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"хотя","lemma":"хотя","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase хотя бы","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase хотя бы","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"самых","lemma":"самый","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies сильных","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"сильных","lemma":"сильный","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"modifies ощущений","gloss":"violent"},{"surface":"притом","lemma":"притом","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сильных","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"ощущений","lemma":"ощущение","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"coordinated with кутежа","gloss":"sensations"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b9-c7-s258","source":"Но он сам чувствовал, что едва сидит, а по временам так все предметы начинали как бы ходить и вертеться у него пред глазами.","translation":"Yet he himself felt that he could scarcely sit upright, and at times every object before his eyes began, as it were, to drift and spin.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"чувствовал, что едва сидит","title":"«что»-clause reporting a state","body":"The subordinator «что» ('that') introduces the content of «чувствовал» ('he felt'). Within it the imperfective present «сидит» ('can barely sit/stay upright') reports an ongoing condition — note the present tense kept after a past main verb, as Russian does."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"все предметы начинали как бы ходить и вертеться","title":"Imperfective «начинали» + multidirectional «ходить»","body":"The imperfective past «начинали» ('would begin') marks a recurring, on-and-off experience («по временам», from time to time). «ходить» is the multidirectional motion verb, here vivid for objects 'wandering' about, paired with reflexive «вертеться» ('to spin')."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"вертеться","title":"Reflexive «вертеться» — to spin, whirl","body":"«вертеться» is the «-ся» (middle) form of «вертеть», describing an intransitive spinning of its own — the objects whirl before his eyes. The clitic turns the transitive 'to turn something' into 'to be turning'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"как бы","title":"Hedging «как бы» — as it were","body":"«как бы» ('as if, as it were') softens the description, marking the swimming of objects as a felt impression rather than literal fact. Dostoevsky's narrator uses it constantly to render the blur between perception and reality."}],"words":[{"surface":"Но","lemma":"но","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of чувствовал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"сам","lemma":"сам","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies он","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"чувствовал","lemma":"чувствовать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, imperfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"что","lemma":"что","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of сидит","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"едва","lemma":"едва","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies сидит","gloss":"scarcely"},{"surface":"сидит","lemma":"сидеть","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, active, third, singular, imperfective","role":"clausal complement of чувствовал","gloss":"sits"},{"surface":"а","lemma":"а","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"по","lemma":"по","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking временам","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"временам","lemma":"время","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of начинали","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"так","lemma":"так","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies начинали","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"все","lemma":"весь","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"determiner of предметы","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"предметы","lemma":"предмет","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of начинали","gloss":"objects"},{"surface":"начинали","lemma":"начинать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, plural, imperfective","role":"coordinated with чувствовал","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"как","lemma":"как","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase как бы","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"бы","lemma":"бы","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase как бы","gloss":"it were"},{"surface":"ходить","lemma":"ходить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of начинали","gloss":"to drift"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"вертеться","lemma":"вертеться","morphology":"verb, middle, infinitive, imperfective","role":"coordinated with ходить","gloss":"to spin"},{"surface":"у","lemma":"у","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking него","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"него","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of вертеться","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"пред","lemma":"пред","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking глазами","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"глазами","lemma":"глаз","morphology":"noun, instrumental, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of вертеться","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b9-c7-s259","source":"«Еще немного, и, пожалуй, бредить начну», — подумал он про себя.","translation":"\"A little more, and I'll likely start raving,\" he thought to himself.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Еще немного, и… бредить начну","title":"Perfective future «начну»","body":"«начну» (perfective «начать», 1st sg.) gives a completed future: 'I'll [soon] start'. The elliptical «Ещё немного, и…» ('a little more, and…') is a vivid colloquial way to say 'any moment now'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"пожалуй","title":"Modal word «пожалуй» — likely, I daresay","body":"«пожалуй» expresses tentative likelihood or grudging assent — 'probably, I dare say, like as not'. It colours Mitya's inward forecast of delirium with rueful resignation."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"подумал он про себя","title":"Reflexive «про себя» — to himself","body":"«про себя» uses the reflexive pronoun «себя» (no nominative form) after «про» to mean 'inwardly, to oneself'. It frames the line as Mitya's private thought, not spoken aloud."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"бредить","title":"«бредить» — to be delirious, rave","body":"«бредить» means to talk wildly in fever or delirium, to rave. Mitya, swaying and exhausted, fears he is on the edge of feverish raving — a foreshadowing of his fraying grip on himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Еще","lemma":"ещё","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies немного","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"немного","lemma":"немного","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"и","lemma":"и","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"пожалуй","lemma":"пожалуй","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies начну","gloss":"likely"},{"surface":"бредить","lemma":"бредить","morphology":"verb, active, infinitive, imperfective","role":"complement of начну","gloss":"to rave"},{"surface":"начну","lemma":"начать","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, active, first, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"will start"},{"surface":"подумал","lemma":"подумать","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, active, singular, perfective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"он","lemma":"он","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of подумал","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"про","lemma":"про","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking себя","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"себя","lemma":"себя","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of подумал","gloss":"himself"}]}]}